Journal of Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits (JoEECC)
eISSN: 2249 - 8621
May-August 2014
STM JOURNALS Scientific
Technical
Medical
www.stmjournals.com
STM Publication(s) STM Publication, a strong initiative by Consortium E-Learning Network Private ltd.(Estd. 2006) was launched in the year 2010 under the support and guidance by our esteemed Editorial and Advisory board members from renowned institutes. Objectives of STM Publication(s): ? Scientific, Technical and Medical research promotions. ? Publication of genuine Research/Review, Short Articles and Case Studies through proper review
process. ? Publishing Special Issues on Conferences. ? Preparing online platform for other print Journals. ? Empowering the libraries with online and print Journals in Scientific, Technical and Medical
domains. ? Publishing and distribution of books on various subjects which mainly falls in the category of
Nanotechnology, Scientific and technical writing & Environment, Health and Safety. Salient Features: ? A bouquet of 100+ Journals that fall under Science, Technical & Medical domains. ? Employs Open Journals System (OJS) A Journal Management & Publishing System. ? The first and one of the fastest growing publication website in India as well as in abroad for its quality
and coverage. ? Rapid online submission and publication of papers, soon after their formal acceptance/ finalization. ? Facilitates linking with the other authors or professionals. ? Worldwide circulation and visibility.
Journal of Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits (ISSN: 2249-8621) Focus and Scope Covers ? Energy Issues ? Energy planning and Energy policy ? Energy Management ? Environmental Engineering ? Greenhouse Gases ? Emission trading
? Pollution control & Management of Natural Resource Journal of Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits is published (frequency: three times a year) in India by STM Journals (division of Consortium e-Learning Network Private Ltd. Pvt.) The views expressed in the articles do not necessarily reflect of the Publisher. The publisher does not endorse the quality or value of the advertised/sponsored products described therein. Please consult full prescribing information before issuing a prescription for any products mentioned in this publication. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system or transmitted in any from without written permission of the publisher. To cite any of the material contained in this Journal, in English or translation, please use the full English reference at the beginning of each article. To reuse any of the material, please contact STM Journals (info@stmjournals.com)
STM Journals (division of Consortium e-Learning Network Private Ltd. ) having its Marketing office located at Office No. 4, First Floor, CSC pocket E Market, Mayur Vihar Phase II, New Delhi-110091, India is the Publisher of Journal. Statements and opinions expressed in the Journal reflect the views of the author(s) and are not the opinion of STM Journals unless so stated. Subscription Information and Order: Cost of Journal: ? National Subscription: Rs. 3750/- per Journal (includes 3 print issues), Single Issue copy purchase Rs.1500/copy ? International Subscription: ? Online Only- $99, Print Only-$149 (includes 3 print issues) ? Online + Print-$199 (includes 3 print issues + online access of published back volumes )
To purchase print compilation of back issues please send your query at info@stmjournals.com Subscription must be prepaid. Rates outside the India includes speed delivery charges. Prices subject to change without notice. Mode of Payment: At par cheque, Demand draft, and RTGS (payment to be made in favor of Consortium E-Learning Network. Pvt. ltd., payable at Delhi/New Delhi. Online Access Policy A). For Authors: In order to provide maximum citation and wide publicity to the authors work, STM Journals also have Open Access Policy, authors who would like to get their work open access can opt for Optional Open Access publication at nominal cost as follows India, SAARC and African Countries: INR 2500 or 100 USD including single hard copy of Author's Journal. Other Countries: USD 200 including single hard copy of Author's Journal. B). For Subscribers: ? Online access will be activated within 72 hours of receipt of the payment (working days), subject to receipt of
correct information on user details/Static IP address of the subscriber. ? The access will be blocked: ? If the user requests for the same and furnishes valid reasons for blocking. ? Due to technical issue. ? Misuse of the access rights as per the access policy.
Advertising and Commercial Reprint Inquiries: STM Journals with wide circulation and visibility offer an excellent media for showcasing/promotion of your products/services and the events-namely, Conferences, Symposia/Seminars etc. These journals have very high potential to deliver the message across the targeted audience regularly with each published issue. The advertisements on bulk subscriptions, gift subscriptions or reprint purchases for distribution etc. are also very welcome. Lost Issue Claims: Please note the following when applying for lost or missing issues: ? Claims for print copies lost will be honored only after 45 days of the dispatch date and before publication of the
next issue as per the frequency. ? Tracking id for the speed post will be provided to all our subscribers and the claims for the missing Journals will
be entertained only with the proofs which will be verified at both the ends. ? Claims filed due to insufficient (or no notice) of change of address will not be honored. ? Change of Address of Dispatch should be intimated to STM Journals at least 2 months prior to the dispatch
schedule as per the frequency by mentioning subscriber id and the subscription id. ? Refund requests will not be entertained.
Legal Disputes All the legal disputes are subjected to Delhi Jurisdiction only. If you have any questions, please contact the Publication Management Team: info@stmjournals.com; Tel : +91 0120-4781211.
Publication Management Team Chairman Mr. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director STM Journals, Consortium eLearning Network Pvt. Ltd.(CELNET) Noida ,India
Group Managing Editor Dr. Archana Mehrotra Director CELNET, Delhi, India
Internal Members Puneet Pandeya Manager Associate Editors Gargi Asha Jha Nupur Anand
Monika Malhotra Assistant Manager Assistant Editors Priyanka Aswal Aditya Sanyal Anupama Garg Sona Chahal Himani Pandey
External Members
Dr. Bimlesh Lochab Industrial Tribology Machine Dynamics & Maintenance Engineering Centre (ITMMEC) Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India
Dr. Rajiv Prakash School of Materials Science and Technology, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
Prof. S. Ramaprabhu Alternative Energy Technology Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, India
Dr. Rakesh Kumar Assistant Professor, Department of Applied Chemistry, BIT Mesra, Patna, India
STM Journal (s) Advisory Board
Dr. Baldev Raj Chairman, National Institute of Technology Puducherry, India. Former Director, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, India.
Prof. Bankim Chandra Ray Professor and Head, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India.
Dr. Hardev Singh Virk Professor Emeritus, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, India.
Dr. Baskar Kaliyamoorthy Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology Trichy, India.
Prof. D. N. Rao Professor, Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
Prof. Jugal Kishore Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.
Dr. Ashish Runthala
Dr. Pankaj Poddar
Lecturer, Biological Sciences Group, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani Rajasthan, India.
Scientist, Physical & Materials Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India.
Dr. Nandini Chatterjee Singh Associate Professor, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, India.
STM Journal (s) Advisory Board
Dr. Priyavrat Thareja
Dr. Rakesh Kumar
Head, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering department, PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh, India.
Assistant Professor, Department of Applied Chemistry, BIT Mesra, Patna, India
Dr. Shankargouda Patil
Dr. Shrikant Balkisan Dhoot
Asst. Prof., Department of Oral Pathology, KLE Society's Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, India.
Head Research & Development, Nurture Earth R&D Pvt Ltd MIT Campus, Beed bypass road, Aurangabad, India.
Prof. Subash Chandra Mishra
Prof. Sundara Ramaprabhu
Professor, Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department, NIT, Rourkela, India.
Professor, Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India.
Prof. Yuwaraj Marotrao Ghugal Professor and Head Department, Govt. College of Engineering Station Road, Osmanpura, Aurangabad, India.
Editorial Board
Swaminathan GS Divisional Manager, QHSE Brakes India Limited, Foundry Sholinghur631102 Vellore , India.
Adel Mellit Jijel University, Algeria.
Professor Nour T Abdel-Ghani Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University,Giza, Egypt.
Dr. Claudia Sheinbaum Instituto de Ingeniería Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
Prof Victor Aleksander Mazur Odessa State Academy of Refrigeration, Ukraine.
Dr. Lakhwinder S. Hundal CPSS Sr. Environmental Soil Scientist Associate Editor Journal of Environmental Quality Research and Development Dept. Metropolitan Water Reclamation Chicago USA.
Prof.(Dr.) Jugal Kishore Professor Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, India.
Rakesh Bhutiani Gurukula Kangri University, India.
Dr. Abhijit Mitra Department of Marine Science University of Calcutta India.
Dr. A. Jagadeesh Director, Nayudamma Centre for Development Alternatives Nellore Andhra Pradesh India.
Dr. Umesh Chandra Kulshrestha Professor, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi India.
Ala'a H. Al-Muhtaseb Associate Professor Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Sultan Qaboos University Oman.
Director's Desk
STM JOURNALS
I take the privilege to present the hard copy compilation for the [Volume 4 Issue (2)] of Journal of Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits (JoEECC). The intension of JoEECC is to create an atmosphere that stimulates creativeness, research and growth in the area of Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits. The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. JoEECC provides an outlet for Research findings and reviews in areas Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits found to be relevant for National and International recent developments & research initiative. The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and research in the domain of Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits. Finally, I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/ Reviewer board and Authors for their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring writeups/ reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality Research/Reviews findings for our customers base. I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.
Dr. Archana Mehrotra Director STM Journals
Journal of Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits
Contents
1. Forecasting Heavy Metal Level on the Basis of Acidification Trend in the Major Estuarine System of Indian Sundarbans Sufia Zaman, Utpal Kumar De, Prosenjit Pramanick, Subhasree Thakur, Gahul Amin, Pardis Fazli, Abhijit Mitra 1 2. Geospatial Representation of Interdecadal Temperature Variations over Parts of Andhra Pradesh, India using Geographic Information Systems Mogaraju Jagadish Kumar 10 3. Bioassay Studies on Artemia: A Mini Review Selvaraj Sujatha Devi, Poonaiah Gomathi Priya
14
4. How to Improve Energy Management in Bangladesh Ahmed Mortuza Saleque, Md. Rifat Hazari
19
5. Performance Evaluation of a Save 80 Wood Stove using Controlled Cooking Test Method S. B. Muhammad, M. U. Kaisan, O. U. Cyprian, F. Sani, M. Abdulkadir
25
Journal of Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits ISSN: 2249-8621 (online) Volume 4, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com
Forecasting Heavy Metal Level on the Basis of Acidification Trend in the Major Estuarine System of Indian Sundarbans Sufia Zaman1, Utpal Kumar De2, Prosenjit Pramanick3, Subhasree Thakur4, Gahul Amin5, Pardis Fazli6, Abhijit Mitra1* 1
Department of Marine Science, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata– 700019, India 2 School of Environmental Science, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India 3 Department of Oceanography, Techno India University, Salt Lake Campus, Kolkata-700091, India 4 Dhruba Chand Halder College, Dakshin Barasat, 24 Parganas (S)-743372, India 5 Department of Physics, Chanchal College, Malda-732123, India 6 Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University Putra, Selangor, Malaysia
Abstract The authors present here the temporal oscillations of aquatic pH, zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) in the ambient media of Hooghly estuary of Indian Sundarbans and forecast values of these variables in response to acidification phenomenon. The forecast has been done on the basis of 30 years of real-time data (1984–2013). The exponential smoothening-based forecast reflects the gradual lowering of pH in the estuarine water that has considerable impact on the compartmentation of heavy metals in the mangrovedominated estuarine system. The forecast values of selected heavy metals show that after 2040, the biologically available Cu and Pb in surface sediment will be lower than the detectable level, but the concentrations of dissolved Zn, Cu and Pb will exhibit an increasing trend.
Keywords: Dissolved heavy metals, Biologically available heavy metals in the sediment, Aquatic pH, Acidification, Exponential smoothening based forecast
JoEECC (2014) © STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Journal of Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits ISSN: 2249-8621 (online) Volume 4, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com
Geospatial Representation of Interdecadal Temperature Variations over Parts of Andhra Pradesh, India using Geographic Information Systems Mogaraju Jagadish Kumar* Member, Indian Water Resources Society, Andhra Pradesh, India Abstract Climate change is one of the holistic phenomena experienced by human beings since recent decades. Keeping the view of several other hydrometerological factors, this paper emphasizes the application of geographic information systems to represent temperature variations observed over parts of Andhra Pradesh, India. Spatio-temporal representation of thermal variations was presented using cluster and outlier analysis over GIS platform. For this purpose hot spot analysis was conducted for 1951 to 1990. This part of the work aims at filtering lower risk areas to higher risk areas in order to facilitate the policy makers to maintain certain mitigation measures.
Keywords: Hot spot analysis, GIS, Climate change, Spatio-temporal analysis, Temperature
JoEECC (2014)Š STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Journal of Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits ISSN: 2249-8621 (online) Volume 4, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com
Bioassay Studies on Artemia: A Mini Review Selvaraj Sujatha Devi, Poonaiah Gomathi Priya* Alagappa College of Technology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India Abstract The present study illustrates the use of Artemia as the bioindicator organism to detect pollutants in the environment. Various bioassay studies have been done using Artemia and this review concentrated more on the heavy metal toxicity on this species. It may be concluded from this review that Artemia was found to be a very resistant organism to heavy metals and it has potential to act as a bioindicator to evaluate pollution in the environment.
Keywords: Bioassay, Artemia, Heavy metals, Bioindicator
JoEECC (2014) Š STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Journal of Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits ISSN: 2249-8621 (online) Volume 4, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com
How to Improve Energy Management in Bangladesh Ahmed Mortuza Saleque*, Md. Rifat Hazari* Department of EEE, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB), Bangladesh Abstract Energy efficiency and demand response are essential elements in any comprehensive national energy policy. In Bangladesh energy management is not efficient and there is a lot of work to do in order to make it efficient. Several countermeasures are developed from various fields of responsibility in order to provide the sufficient and sustainable energy policy. This paper demonstrates how energy system can be managed more efficiently in Bangladesh. How more efficiently resources can be conserved while minimizing the cost and climate pollution ensuring permanent access to the energy by the people.
Keywords: Energy Management, Power sector, Power plant, Efficiency, CO2
JoEECC (2014)Š STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Journal of Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits ISSN: 2249-8621 (online) Volume 4, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com
Performance Evaluation of a Save 80 Wood Stove using Controlled Cooking Test Method S. B. Muhammad2, M. U. Kaisan1*, O. U. Cyprian2, F. Sani2, M. Abdulkadir2 1
National Center for Energy Efficiency and Conservation, Energy Commission of Nigeria, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria 2 Usmanu Danfodio University, Sokoto, Nigeria
Abstract In this research, the performance evaluation of four selected cook stoves has been conducted. The wood stoves are: the traditional, three stone stove, the locally fabricated wood stove, the single hole improved wood stove and the save 80 energy efficient wood stove. These are respectively arranged in the ascending order of their improved technology in design and development. A weighed amount of fuel wood 2 kg was used to cook 0.55 kg of rice and total time for the cooking process was recorded. Meteorological parameters such as ambient temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation and wind speed were also considered for each test. Finally, the experiment was repeated three times, the averages of the results were taken to minimize error. It was observed that, the cooking time reduces with improved technology of the stove. Also specific fuel consumptions decrease with improved technology of the stoves. The percentage of fuel savings increases with improved technology in the stoves. The Save 80 fuel wood stove had the best thermal performance under all circumstances.
Keywords: Energy Efficiency, Save 80, Controlled Cooking Test, Fuel Wood Consumption
JoEECC (2014)Š STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved