Journal of geotechnical engineering(vol1, issue2) by STM Journals Publication

May-August 2014

(JoGE)

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Geotechnical Engineering

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Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Focus and Scope Covers ? Engineering Geology , Hydrogeology ? Soil and Rock engineering ? Geosynthetics ? Earth Quake engineering ? Pile Dynamics

Slope stability and tunneling

? Geohazards and Mitigation

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Dr. Rajiv Prakash School of Materials Science and Technology, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India

Prof. S. Ramaprabhu Alternative Energy Technology Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, India

Dr. Rakesh Kumar Assistant Professor, Department of Applied Chemistry, BIT Mesra, Patna, India

STM Journal (s) Advisory Board

Dr. Baldev Raj Chairman, National Institute of Technology Puducherry, India. Former Director, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, India.

Prof. Bankim Chandra Ray Professor and Head, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India.

Dr. Hardev Singh Virk Professor Emeritus, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, India.

Dr. Baskar Kaliyamoorthy Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology Trichy, India.

Prof. D. N. Rao Professor, Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.

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Dr. Ashish Runthala

Dr. Pankaj Poddar

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Scientist, Physical & Materials Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India.

Dr. Nandini Chatterjee Singh Associate Professor, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, India.

STM Journal (s) Advisory Board

Dr. Priyavrat Thareja

Dr. Rakesh Kumar

Head, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering department, PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh, India.

Assistant Professor, Department of Applied Chemistry, BIT Mesra, Patna, India

Dr. Shankargouda Patil

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Prof. Subash Chandra Mishra

Prof. Sundara Ramaprabhu

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Editorial Board

Dr. Anil Kumar Sachan Head, Civil Engineering Department, MNNIT Allahabad, India.

Dr. Aniruddha Sengupta Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, India.

Dr. Arun Prasad Associate Professor (Geotechnical) Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, India.

Dr. Babu K K Principal ,Thejus engineering College, Vellarakkad, Erumappetty,Thrissur, Kerala, India.

Dr. Chander Kumar Singh Assistant Professor, Department of Natural Resources,TERI University, India.

Dr. Dalchand Jhariya Assistant Professor, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India.

Dr. Erfan Mondal Professor of GeologyDepartment of GeologyAligarh Muslim University Aligarh - 202002 India.

Mr. Gobinath Ravindran Assistant Professor ,Department of Civil Engineering, Jay Shriram Group of I nstitutions, Avinashipalayam, Tirupur, Tamilnadu, India.

Engr. Habib Zaman Memon Lecturer, Institute Of Petroleum & N-GasMehran University of Engineering & Technology Jamshoro, Pakistan.

Dr. Janendranath Mandal Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai, Mumbai, India.

Dr. Javed Alam Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department, A.M.U, Aligarh, India.

Dr. Kamalesh Kumar Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, BITS Pilani, Rajasthan, India.

Editorial Board

Dr. N. Vishwakarma Assistant Professor, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India.

Dr. Pradeep Kumar Agarwal Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Bhopal, M.P, India.

Rehan Ahmad Khan Associate Professor Department of Civil Engg. AMU, Aligarh, U.P

Dr. Rini Abdullah Senior Lecturer Department of Geotechnics & TransportationFaculty of Civil EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) Johor Bahru, Malaysia.

Dr. Shamsuddin Shahid Associate ProfessorDepartment of Hydraulics and HydrologyFaculty of Civil EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) Johor Bahru, Malaysia.

Dr Shoeb Malik Associate ProfessorDepartment of Civil EngineeringZ.H. College of Engg. & Tech.A.M.U., Aligarh-India.

Dr. Syed Zaheer Hasan Scientist-G Petroleum Research WingGujarat Energy Research And Management Institute. Pdpu CampusRaisan, Gujarat, India.

Director's Desk

STM JOURNALS

I take the privilege to present the print version for the Volume 1 Issue (2) of Journal of Geotechnical Engineering. The intension of JoGE is to create an atmosphere that stimulates creativeness, research and growth in the area of Geotechnical. The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. JoGE provides an outlet for Research findings and reviews in areas of Geotechnical found to be relevant for National and International recent developments & research initiative. The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and research in the domain of Geotechnical. Finally, I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/ Reviewer board and Authors for their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring write ups/ reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality Research/Reviews findings for our customers base. I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.

Dr. Archana Mehrotra Director STM Journals

Journal of Geotechnical Engineering

Contents

1. Exploring the Potential of GIS: Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis of Groundwater Quality and Quantity over Parts of YSR District, Andhra Pradesh, India Mogaraju Tanjuja, Mogaraju Jagadish Kumar

2. Dynamic Behavior of Coal Ash Rajesh Pathak

3. Electricity Distribution and Consumption Analysis of Bhubaneswar Urban Complex using GIS Technology Abhijit Bhatta, Jajnaseni Rout, N.R. Das 12 4. Performance of Buildings at Different Soils using Pushover Analysis Ketan Bajaj, Radha Gonawala, Bhavik M. Vyas

5. Use of Geodetic Laser Scanner for Mapping Applications: A Review Mohammad Haminuddin Abdul Hadi, Khairul Nizam Tahar, Khairul Farhanah Khairon, Ahmad Afiq Hassan, Muhammad Syahiran Amran, Muhamad Syahir Shadin

Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Volume 1, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Exploring the Potential of GIS: Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis of Groundwater Quality and Quantity over Parts of YSR District, Andhra Pradesh, India Mogaraju Tanjuja1, Mogaraju Jagadish Kumar2* 1

Andhra Pradesh State Remote Sensing Application Centre, Hyderabad, India 2 Member, Indian Water Resources Society

Abstract Groundwater is one of the important sources on which life on terrestrial habitat survived since centuries. Though impervious to pollutants of the air or any surface phenomena, this precious water source is prone to be affected by its major stakeholders such as humans. Knowingly and by virtue of education and exposure to this fact, humans are changing for a better now and future. Nevertheless, how to know the status of the groundwater prospectus? Moreover, where should we concentrate? In both space and time dimensions is a million dollar question. Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis provides us an opportunity to understand and prepare maps to serve the agencies to act appropriately as far as groundwater quality and quantity is concerned. Through this part of the research, an attempt has been made to study the spatial distribution of groundwater quality and quantity using GIS banked with geostatistics as effective tools. Data was collected all over parts of YSR district and the spatial structure was developed. The key parameters such as TDS, TH, Na, Mg, SAR, EC, pH etc were analyzed. After systematic analysis, the prediction maps were prepared.

Keywords: geostatistics, GIS, groundwater, interpolation, prediction maps

Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Volume 1, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Dynamic Behavior of Coal Ash Rajesh Pathak Department of Civil Engineering, Thapar University, Patiala, Punjab, India

Abstract Coal ash is deposited in large quantities in the ash pond. It is used as structural fill and for dyke construction. The behavior of ash under dynamic conditions is not well investigated. The present work attempts to quantify some of the parameters, which influences the dynamic stability especially liquefaction potential of coal ash. Several investigations conducted on coal ash suggest that ash fills have low SPT value. This supports the susceptibility of coal ash to liquefaction. Under steady-state vibrations induced into saturated ash mass and sand on shake table, the pore water pressure at different depths has been monitored for varying relative density, amplitudes and number of cycles of motion corresponding to liquefaction. The investigations suggest that liquefaction of coal ash is governed by relative density, amplitude and frequency of dynamic disturbance and gradation.

Keywords: Coal ash, Ghagger Sand, Vibration Table, Liquefaction, Frequency

Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Volume 1, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Electricity Distribution and Consumption Analysis of Bhubaneswar Urban Complex using GIS Technology Abhijit Bhatta1, Jajnaseni Rout2*, N.R. Das3 1

GIS & Remote Sensing, PG Department of Geography, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India 2 Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, Odisha, India 3 Geoenvitech, Bhubaneswar, India

Abstract Power is a critical infrastructure for economic development of any part of the world. Management of power production and distribution is essential for holistic economic growth. For effective implementation of various developmental programmes for agricultural, industrial and urban infrastructure growth, adequate power supply is essential. Shortage of power supply is one of the major factors of low production and slow growth rate. Odisha government has taken drastic measures to improve the performance of power sector which otherwise termed as power sector reforms. One of the programmes under power sector reforms is use of IT and high-tech methods for better and judicious power distribution in urban areas. Geo-informatics plays an important role in power distribution management, network operation and database development of electricity infrastructure and network. GIS based electricity distribution database management is widely used now days by various agencies in our country. In the present study, Geomatic technique has been used for mapping and analysis of power distribution system and consumption in Bhubaneswar urban area.

Keywords: Holistic, IT, Geo-informatics, GIS, Geomatic

Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Volume 1, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Performance of Buildings at Different Soils using Pushover Analysis Ketan Bajaj1*, Radha Gonawala2, Bhavik M. Vyas1 1

Applied Mechanics Department, S.V. National Institute of Technology, Surat, India 2 Civil Engineering Department, S.V. National Institute of Technology, Surat, India

Abstract Earthquake has been considered as the most devastating calamity which may lead to loss of lives and properties as seen in 2001 earthquake at Bhuj, India. In India various buildings has been designed irrespective of the effect of dynamic load corresponding to different kinds of soil condition. So, in this study an attempt has been made to analyse different types of buildings viz. G+4, G+8 and G+12 under different soil condition as hard, medium and soft. The behavior of these building models has been studied in SAP: 2000 software considering nonlinear pushover analysis at different seismic zones as III, IV and V (as per IS: 1893, 2002). The spectral displacement and spectral acceleration at performance point has been compared to study the effect of soil-structure interaction (SSI). Pushover curves have also developed to examine the performance of the building at different conditions. It was determined that with the change in soil condition for the same type of building configuration, targeted displacement is not zero at zero base shear condition in nonlinear dynamic analysis. In addition to that, lateral deflection was also compared for different types of building. This study can be used while designing the building at different soil conditions and seismic zones.

Keywords: Pushover analysis, soil-structure interaction, spectral acceleration and displacement, demand-capacity curve

Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Volume 1, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Use of Geodetic Laser Scanner for Mapping Applications: A Review Mohammad Haminuddin Abdul Hadi, Khairul Nizam Tahar, Khairul Farhanah Khairon*, Ahmad Afiq Hassan, Muhammad Syahiran Amran, Muhamad Syahir Shadin Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Abstract In the past few years, slope were generated using topographic details captured using Total Station before the existence of Geodetic Laser Scanner (GLS). Although this method can give very high accuracy of measurement for generating slope model; it is expensive, time consuming, does not cover large area and need a physical contact on hazardous area. With GLS, generating slope model can be carried out without direct contact with hazardous area. There is a need of rapid data acquisition for slope mapping studies. The time of data acquisition is very important for fast decision making at the critical study area. Therefore, this study reviews the capabilities of GLS in slope mapping study which involves semi-undulation and undulation study area. This paper concentrates on the development of GLS in surveying applications, the source of errors in GLS measurement and scanning resolution. GLS is very useful in slope mapping studies especially for the rapid decision making for response agencies.

Keywords: mapping, slope, GLS, accuracy