Journal of modern chemistry & chemical technology (vol5 issue2) by STM Journals Publication

Journal of

Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology (JoMCCT)

May - August 2014

STM JOURNALS Scientific

Technical

Medical

ISSN: 2321-5208

STM Publication(s) STM Publication, a strong initiative by Consortium E-Learning Network Private ltd.(Estd. 2006) was launched in the year 2010 under the support and guidance by our esteemed Editorial and Advisory board members from renowned institutes. Objectives of STM Publication(s): ? Scientific, Technical and Medical research promotions. ? Publication of genuine Research/Review, Short Articles and Case Studies through proper review

process. ? Publishing Special Issues on Conferences. ? Preparing online platform for other print Journals. ? Empowering the libraries with online and print Journals in Scientific, Technical and Medical

domains. ? Publishing and distribution of books on various subjects which mainly falls in the category of

Nanotechnology, Scientific and technical writing & Environment, Health and Safety. Salient Features: ? A bouquet of 100+ Journals that fall under Science, Technical & Medical domains. ? Employs Open Journals System (OJS) A Journal Management & Publishing System. ? The first and one of the fastest growing publication website in India as well as in abroad for its quality

and coverage. ? Rapid online submission and publication of papers, soon after their formal acceptance/ finalization. ? Facilitates linking with the other authors or professionals. ? Worldwide circulation and visibility.

Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology (ISSN: 2321â&#x20AC;&#x201C;5208) Focus and Scope Covers ? Structural Analysis, Thermodynamics and Thermo - Science ? Finite element analysis ? Chromatographic studies ? Oxidation-reduction reactions ? Organometallic chemistry ? Finite element analysis ? Macrocyclic Systems, Metalloporphyrins

Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technologyis published (frequency: three times a year) in India by STM Journals (division of Consortium e-Learning Network Private Ltd. Pvt.) The views expressed in the articles do not necessarily reflect of the Publisher. The publisher does not endorse the quality or value of the advertised/sponsored products described therein. Please consult full prescribing information before issuing a prescription for any products mentioned in this publication. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system or transmitted in any from without written permission of the publisher. To cite any of the material contained in this Journal, in English or translation, please use the full English reference at the beginning of each article. To reuse any of the material, please contact STM Journals (info@stmjournals.com)

STM Journals (division of Consortium e-Learning Network Private Ltd. ) having its Marketing office located at Office No. 4, First Floor, CSC pocket E Market, Mayur Vihar Phase II, New Delhi-110091, India is the Publisher of Journal. Statements and opinions expressed in the Journal reflect the views of the author(s) and are not the opinion of STM Journals unless so stated. Subscription Information and Order: Cost of Journal: ? National Subscription: Rs. 3750/- per Journal (includes 3 print issues), Single Issue copy purchase Rs.1500/copy ? International Subscription: ? Online Only- $99, Print Only-$149 (includes 3 print issues) ? Online + Print-$199 (includes 3 print issues + online access of published back volumes )

To purchase print compilation of back issues please send your query at info@stmjournals.com Subscription must be prepaid. Rates outside the India includes speed delivery charges. Prices subject to change without notice. Mode of Payment: At par cheque, Demand draft, and RTGS (payment to be made in favor of Consortium E-Learning Network. Pvt. ltd., payable at Delhi/New Delhi. Online Access Policy A). For Authors: In order to provide maximum citation and wide publicity to the authors work, STM Journals also have Open Access Policy, authors who would like to get their work open access can opt for Optional Open Access publication at nominal cost as follows India, SARC and African Countries: INR 2500 or 100 USD including single hard copy of Author's Journal. Other Countries: USD 200 including single hard copy of Author's Journal. B). For Subscribers: ? Online access will be activated within 72 hours of receipt of the payment (working days), subject to receipt of

correct information on user details/Static IP address of the subscriber. ? The access will be blocked: ? If the user requests for the same and furnishes valid reasons for blocking. ? Due to technical issue. ? Misuse of the access rights as per the access policy.

Advertising and Commercial Reprint Inquiries: STM Journals with wide circulation and visibility offer an excellent media for showcasing/promotion of your products/services and the events-namely, Conferences, Symposia/Seminars etc. These journals have very high potential to deliver the message across the targeted audience regularly with each published issue. The advertisements on bulk subscriptions, gift subscriptions or reprint purchases for distribution etc. are also very welcome. Lost Issue Claims: Please note the following when applying for lost or missing issues: ? Claims for print copies lost will be honored only after 45 days of the dispatch date and before publication of the

next issue as per the frequency. ? Tracking id for the speed post will be provided to all our subscribers and the claims for the missing Journals will

be entertained only with the proofs which will be verified at both the ends. ? Claims filed due to insufficient (or no notice) of change of address will not be honored. ? Change of Address of Dispatch should be intimated to STM Journals at least 2 months prior to the dispatch

schedule as per the frequency by mentioning subscriber id and the subscription id. ? Refund requests will not be entertained.

Legal Disputes All the legal disputes are subjected to Delhi Jurisdiction only. If you have any questions, please contact the Publication Management Team: info@stmjournals.com; Tel : +91 0120-4781211.

Publication Management Team Chairman Mr. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director STM Journals, Consortium eLearning Network Pvt. Ltd.(CELNET) Noida ,India

Group Managing Editor Dr. Archana Mehrotra Director CELNET, Delhi, India

Internal Members Puneet Pandeya Manager Associate Editors Gargi Asha Jha Nupur Anand

Monika Malhotra Assistant Manager Assistant Editors Priyanka Aswal Aditya Sanyal Anupama Garg Sona Chahal Himani Pandey

External Members

Dr. Bimlesh Lochab Industrial Tribology Machine Dynamics & Maintenance Engineering Centre (ITMMEC) Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India

Dr. Rajiv Prakash School of Materials Science and Technology, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India

Prof. S. Ramaprabhu Alternative Energy Technology Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, India

Dr. Rakesh Kumar Assistant Professor, Department of Applied Chemistry, BIT Mesra, Patna, India

STM Journal (s) Advisory Board

Dr. Baldev Raj Chairman, National Institute of Technology Puducherry, India. Former Director, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, India.

Prof. Bankim Chandra Ray Professor and Head, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India.

Dr. Hardev Singh Virk Professor Emeritus, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, India.

Dr. Baskar Kaliyamoorthy Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology Trichy, India.

Prof. D. N. Rao Professor, Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.

Prof. Jugal Kishore Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.

Dr. Ashish Runthala

Dr. Pankaj Poddar

Lecturer, Biological Sciences Group, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani Rajasthan, India.

Scientist, Physical & Materials Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India.

Dr. Nandini Chatterjee Singh Associate Professor, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, India.

STM Journal (s) Advisory Board

Dr. Priyavrat Thareja

Dr. Rakesh Kumar

Head, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Department, PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh, India.

Assistant Professor, Department of Applied Chemistry, BIT Mesra, Patna, India

Dr. Shankargouda Patil

Dr. Shrikant Balkisan Dhoot

Asst. Prof., Department of Oral Pathology, KLE Society's Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, India.

Head Research & Development, Nurture Earth R&D Pvt Ltd MIT Campus, Beed bypass road, Aurangabad, India.

Prof. Subash Chandra Mishra

Prof. Sundara Ramaprabhu

Professor, Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department, NIT, Rourkela, India.

Professor, Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India.

Prof. Yuwaraj Marotrao Ghugal Professor and Head Department, Govt. College of Engineering Station Road, Osmanpura, Aurangabad, India.

Editorial Board

Prof. K. C Gupta Indian Institute of Technology, Rorkee, India.

Dr. Jagdishkumar P. Tandale Pandurang Tandale Dbt-Ceb, Institute of Chemical Technology,N.P.Marg, Matunga(E),Mumbai India.

Dr. Ashok kumar Sr. Manager Lupin Pharmaceuticals., India.

Dr. Rakesh Kumar Assistant Professor, Department of Applied Chemistry BIT Mesra, Patna Campus, Patna, India.

Dr. Lakhwinder Singh

Professor Sanjoy Bandyopadhyay Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India.

Assistant Professor, Department of Applied Sciences Rayat & Bahra Institute of Engineering and Biotechnology Punjab, India.

Professor Har Mohindra Lal Chawla Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India.

Dr. Gopal Das Department of Chemistry IIT Guwahati, India.

Dr. Subhendu Sekhar Bag Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, India.

Dr. Sunil K. Sharma Chief Scientist - Fire Research, CSIR-CBRI, Roorkee (UK) Professor, Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, New Delhi, India.

Editorial Board

Dr. Pravin Uttam Singare Assistant Professor Department of Chemistry, Bhavan's College, MunshiNagar, Andheri (West), Mumbai , India.

Dr. P. C.Thapliyal Principal Scientist, The Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee, India.

Dr. Tarun K. Panda Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad India.

Dr. Neelu Chouhan Associate Professor, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry Kota, University of Kota Rajasthan India.

Dr. Tungabidya Maharana Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry NIT Raipur Chhatishgarh India.

Dr. Alekha Kumar Sutar Assistant Professor Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University, Cuttack-3, Odisha India.

Director's Desk

STM JOURNALS

I take the privilege to present the hard copy compilation for the [Volume 5 Issue (2)] of Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology (JoMCCT). The intension of JoMCCT is to create an atmosphere that stimulates creativeness, research and growth in the area of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology. The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. JoMCCT provides an outlet for Research findings and reviews in areas of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology found to be relevant for National and International recent developments & research initiative. The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and research in the domain of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology. Finally, I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/ Reviewer board and Authors for their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring writeups/ reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality Research/Reviews findings for our customers base. I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.

Dr. Archana Mehrotra Director STM Journals

Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology

Contents

1. Assessment of Some Heavy Metals of Spring Waters and Sediments from Iddo Wara Wale Area of Dale Sadi District, Kellem Wollega, Oromia, Ethiopia Habtamu Abdisa, Alemayehu Abebaw

2. Catalyst, Mixed Catalyst and Additive Effects on the Oscillatory Behaviour of Pyrogallol based Chemical Oscillator Farhad N. A., Peerzada G. M., Gul U., Ganaie N. B.

3. Quantification of Chromium (III) and Chromium (VI) in the Electroplating Effluents of Homicho Ammunition Engineering Industry Getachew M., Alemayehu A.

4. Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activity: Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) Complexes of Schiff Bases Derived from 4-Cyanobenzaldehye and 4-Amino-5-Mercapto-3-Methyl/Ethyl-1,2,4-triazoles Singh K., Kumar M., Garg G. 27

Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology ISSN: 2229-6999 (online), ISSN: 2321-5208 (print) Volume 5, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Assessment of Some Heavy Metals of Spring Waters and Sediments from Iddo Wara Wale Area of Dale Sadi District, Kellem Wollega, Oromia, Ethiopia Habtamu Abdisa1*, Alemayehu Abebaw2 1

Department of Chemistry, Mizan-Tepi University, Tepi, SNNP Region, Ethiopia 2 Department of Chemistry, Ambo University, Ambo, Oromia, Ethiopia

Abstract The present study was undertaken to assess the spring water quality in Iddo Wara Wale area of Dale Sadi district, Kellem Wollega, Oromia, Ethiopia. A total of 20 L samples were collected from five densely populated springs- Ittisa, Abba Moga, Kersa, Ele Gonda and Merfata. All the samples were analyzed for six heavy metals (Mn, Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe and Zn) using standard methods. The sediment samples collected along with each spring were also analyzed for these metals. All the metals were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) along with the method validation. Among the metals analyzed for waters, Cd and Cr were below the method detection limit. However, the concentration of Mn, Cu, Fe and Zn were ranged from mean values of 0.119–0.227 mg/L, 0.142–0.166 mg/L, 0.183–0.267 mg/L, and 0.074–0.181 mg/L, respectively. The sediment analysis showed the mean concentration range of 348.31–429.21 mg/kg, 0.23–0.28 mg/kg, 18.73– 22.84 mg/kg, 2.76–3.15 mg/kg, 941.84–1128.56 mg/kg, and 42.39–66.53 mg/kg for Mn, Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, and Zn, respectively. The heavy metal levels in waters were below the WHO and Ethiopian guidelines for drinking water quality, indicating no harmful effect on drinking. Also, the heavy metal levels in sediments were below the interim sediment quality guidelines, indicating no potential pollution in sediments.

Keywords: Atomic absorption spectrometry, Heavy metals, Iddo wara wale, Sediment, Spring water

Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology ISSN: 2229-6999 (online), ISSN: 2321-5208 (print) Volume 5, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Catalyst, Mixed Catalyst and Additive Effects on the Oscillatory Behaviour of Pyrogallol based Chemical Oscillator Farhad N. A., Peerzada G. M.*, Gul U., Ganaie N. B. Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, India Abstract The present work is aimed to investigate the effect of the metal ions used as single as well as mixed catalysts and Mo(VI) ion as additive on the oscillatory behaviour of the reaction system comprising of pyrogallol (1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene) as organic substrate and inorganic bromate as oxidant in aqueous sulphuric acid medium (1.5 mol L1). The reactions were monitored both spectrophotometrically and potentiometrically. From kinetic study, the order of reactivity of the metal ions towards oscillatory behaviour of the bromate driven pyrogallol based chemical oscillator was found to be Mn(II) › Ce(IV) › Ce(III). The Mn(II) and Ce(IV) metal ion solutions were mixed together in order to have their mixed catalyst effect on the aforesaid system. Further, the Mo(VI) ion used as additive was found to enhance the rate of Ce(IV) catalysed reaction system owing to the fact that there is decrease in the induction period which has been found to be linearly proportional to the concentration of Mo(VI) ion in the range of 0.00225–0.02225 mol L1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.991 under the optimal conditions of the reaction system. The order of reactivity of the metal ions towards oscillatory behaviour of the bromate driven pyrogallol based chemical oscillator was found to be Mn(II) › Ce(IV) › Ce(III). Further, the Mo(VI) ion used as additive was found to decrease the induction period in a linear fashion.

Keywords: Oscillations, Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction, Pyrogallol, Oscillatory parameters, Catalyst

Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology ISSN: 2229-6999 (online), ISSN: 2321-5208 (print) Volume 5, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Quantification of Chromium (III) and Chromium (VI) in the Electroplating Effluents of Homicho Ammunition Engineering Industry Getachew M.1*, Alemayehu A.2 1

Environmental Health Department, College of Medicine and Health Science, Hawassa University, Awassa, Ethiopia 2 Chemistry Department, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia

Abstract Chromium is widely used for plating of the surface of ferrous materials to protect from rust as well as increasing strength. The industrial effluents of wastewater from metal plating workshops into the environment have produced huge and complex wastes which far exceed the assimilative capacity of nature and lead to an irreversible health and ecological consequences. So, the study was aimed to quantify chromium (III) and chromium (VI) in the electroplating effluents of Homicho Ammunition Engineering Industry. Wastewater samples were collected during the five working days (Monday to Friday). Chemical analysis and metal concentrations were determined using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and titration. The average results obtained were: Cr+6 (3.904 ± 0.016 mg/L), Cr+3 (1.112 ± 0.023 mg/L), total Cr (5.38 ± 0.415 mg/L. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found among the wastewater analyzed. The amount of chromium (VI), chromium (III), and total chromium were above the permissible level that is not allowed to the natural water. However, a reduction of substances hazardous to environment has been demanded socially, economically as well as politically. Following the high toxicity of chromium (VI), substitution with environmental friendly chemicals such as chromium (III) and restriction of the use chromium (VI) and follow up should be implemented by Environmental protection authority at national level.

Keywords: Chromium (III), Chromium (VI), Wastewater effluent

Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology ISSN: 2229-6999 (online), ISSN: 2321-5208 (print) Volume 5, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activity: Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) Complexes of Schiff Bases Derived from 4-Cyanobenzaldehye and 4-Amino-5Mercapto-3-Methyl/Ethyl-1,2,4-triazoles Singh K.1*, Kumar M.1, Garg G.2 Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India 2 Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India 1

Abstract Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes of bidentate Schiff bases derived from the condensation of 4-amino-5-mercapto-3-methyl-1,2,4-triazole and 4-amino-3-ethyl-5mercapto-1,2,4-triazole with 4-cyanobenzaldehyde have been synthesized. The synthesized Schiff bases and their metal complexes were then characterized by elemental analysis, spectroscopic methods (IR, NMR, electronic spectra), magnetic moment measurement and thermogravimetric techniques. The electronic spectra and magnetic moment studies suggest octahedral geometry for Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes and square planar geometry for Cu(II) complexes. The newly synthesized Schiff bases and their metal complexes were screened against bacteria (Bacillus pumilus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) and fungi (Aspergillus niger and Penicillium).

Keywords: 4-amino-5-mercapto-3-methyl/ethyl-1,2,4-triazoles, Schiff bases, Metal complexes, Antimicrobial activity, Thermal study