Journal of petroleum engineering & technology (vol4, issue2) by STM Journals Publication

Journal of Petroleum Engineering & Technology (JoPET) ISSN: 2321-5178

May - August 2014

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Journal of Petroleum Engineering & Technology (ISSN: 2321â&#x20AC;&#x201C;5178) Focus and Scope Covers ? Production of Hydrocarbons ? Petroleum Geology ? Formation Evaluation (Well Logging), Drilling and Economics ? Oil Refining ? Synthetic Fuel Technologies

Oil Shale Technology

? Reservoir Simulation

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Editorial Board Dr. Vineet Kumar Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India.

Dr. Abhay Kumar Choubey Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Raebareli, India.

Dr. Atul Sharma Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Rae Bareli, U.P., India.

Prof VirenderParkash Sharma Dept of Petroleum Engineering School of Mines Dhanbad â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 826004 India.

Associate Prof VameghRasouli Dr. Baskar Kaliyamoorthy Department of Petroleum Engineering, Associate Professor, Department Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia. of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology Trichy, India.

Dr. Reza Rezaee Bob L. Herd Dept. of Petroleum Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-3111, USA.

Dr. Ajay Mandal Department of Petroleum Engineering Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, India.

Dr. Mohammad RafiqulAwal Bob L. Herd Dept. of Petroleum Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-3111, USA., United States.

Dr. MayankTyagi Craft & Hawkins Department of Petroleum Engineering Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, LA.

Prof. Mohammed Kamil Chairman Department of Petroleum Studies Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh India.

Prof Hamid Ali Department of Petroleum Studies, Aligarh Muslim University,Aligarh India.

Dr. Ravi Vadapalli Research Scientist Adjunct Professor of Petroleum Engineering Texas Tech University, Lubbock USA.

Editorial Board Dr. Saman A Aryana Assistant Professor Department of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering University of Wyoming USA.

Dr. Baojun Bai Associate ProfessorGraduate Coordinator Petroleum Engineering Missouri University of Science And Technology USA.

Dr. Kiran Patil Professor Dept. of Petrochemical and Petroleum Engineering MAEER's, Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Pune, India.

Dr. Hamid Rahnema Assistant Professor Department of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering The New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology USA.

Dr. Somnath Nandi Dr. Baskar Kaliyamoorthy Associate Professor Dept. of Petroleum Associate Professor, Department and Petrochemical Engineering of Civil Engineering National Institute Maharashtra Institute of Technology, of Technology Trichy, India. Pune India.

Dr. Pradeep B Jadhav Professor and Head Department of Petroleum Engineering Maharashtra Institute of Technology Pune, India.

Dr. Upendra Singh Yadav Assistant Professor & Head Department of Petroleum Engineering, Dit University, Dehradun, India.

Dr. Rakesh Chandra Department of Earth Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, (J&K) India.

Dr. Subrata Borgohain Gogoi Associate Professor & Head Department of Petroleum Technology Dibrugarh University Dibrugarh Assam.

Editorial Board Ilham El-Monier Mewbourne School of Petroleum and Geological Engineering The University of Oklahoma.

Ismail Mohd Saaid Department of Petroleum Engineering University Teknologi PETRONAS Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak Malaysia.

Dr. Akhtar Rasool Mir Department of Earth Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar , India

Ala'a H. Al-Muhtaseb Associate Professor Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Sultan Qaboos University Oman.

Borkha Mech Das Dr. Baskar Kaliyamoorthy

Ashish M Gujrathi Petroleum and Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering Sultan Qaboos University Oman.

Assistant Professor Associate Professor, Department Deptt. of Petroleum Technology of Civil Engineering National Institute Dibrugarh University of Technology Trichy, India. Dibrugarh, Assam.

Director's Desk

STM JOURNALS

I take the privilege to present the hard copy compilation for the [Volume 4 Issue (2)] of Journal of Petroleum Engineering & Technology (JoPET). The intension of JoPET is to create an atmosphere that stimulates creativeness, research and growth in the area of Petroleum Engineering & Technology. The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. JoPET provides an outlet for Research findings and reviews in areas of Petroleum Engineering & Technology found to be relevant for National and International recent developments & research initiative. The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and research in the domain of Petroleum Engineering & Technology. Finally, I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/ Reviewer board and Authors for their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring writeups/ reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality Research/Reviesw findings for our customers base. I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.

Dr. Archana Mehrotra Director STM Journals

Journal of Petroleum Engineering & Technology

Contents

1. Recent Advances in Treating Oil Field Produced Water: A Review Subrata Borgohain Gogoi, Animesh Sarma Tamuli

2. Pressure Data Analysis and Multilayer Modeling of A Gas-Condensate Reservoir Fatema Akter Happy, Mohammad Shahedul Hossain, Arifur Rahman

3. The Effect of Methanol on 512 Methane Hydrate Cage Cluster â&#x20AC;&#x201C; A Molecular Dynamics Study Pal S., Kundu T. K.

4. Improved Prediction of Fluid Contacts using Calibrated Material Balance Models Ogbunude B. C., Emenike E., Ebuka A.

5. Underbalanced Drilling and Its Advancements: An Overview Saxena A., Ojha K., Pathak A. K.

Journal of Petroleum Engineering & Technology ISSN: 2231-1785 (online), ISSN: 2321-5178 (print) Volume 4, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Recent Advances in Treating Oil Field Produced Water: A Review Subrata Borgohain Gogoi*, Animesh Sarma Tamuli Department of Petroleum Technology, Dibrugarh University, Assam, India Abstract Oil field produced water contains substantial quantity of oil and grease and other suspended particles and therefore, it cannot be disposed off directly or cannot be injected to the sub surface for secondary recovery purposes keeping in view of the environmental concerns. The water therefore has to be treated suitably. This article summarizes the various advanced available technologies that can be used for treating the produced water of Assam keeping in mind not only the safe disposal norms but also if the produced water has to be used as a source of fresh water.

Keywords: Produced water, advanced treatment technology, fresh water, membrane technology, electrochemistry

Journal of Petroleum Engineering & Technology ISSN: 2231-1785 (online), ISSN: 2321-5178 (print) Volume 4, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Pressure Data Analysis and Multilayer Modeling of A Gas-Condensate Reservoir Fatema Akter Happy*, Mohammad Shahedul Hossain, Arifur Rahman Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh

Abstract Kailastila gas field located at Golapgonj, Sylhet, is one of the largest gas fields in Bangladesh. It produces a high amount of condensate along with natural gas. For the high values of GOR, it may be treated as a wet gas at reservoir condition. Three main sand reservoirs are confirmed in this field (upper, middle and lower). In this study, it has been shown that reservoir parameters of this gas field can be obtained for multilayered rectangular reservoir with formation cross-flow using pressure and their semi-log derivative on a set of dimensionless-type curve. The effects of the reservoir parameters such as permeability, skin, storage coefficient, and others such as reservoir areal extent and layering on the wellbore response and pressure are investigated. Shut-in pressures are used in calculating permeability, skin factor, average reservoir pressure, wellbore storage effect and other reservoir properties. The direction of the formation cross flow is determined, first by the layer permeability and later by the skin factor. Finally, it is recommended to perform diagnostic analysis along with multilayer modeling to extract better results. Reservoir can also be considered as a multilayer cylindrical and can also use these models for other fields.

Keywords: Pressure derivative analysis, Skin factor, Wellbore storage, Permeability, Multilayer

Journal of Petroleum Engineering & Technology ISSN: 2231-1785 (online), ISSN: 2321-5178 (print) Volume 4, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

The Effect of Methanol on 512 Methane Hydrate Cage Cluster â&#x20AC;&#x201C; A Molecular Dynamics Study Pal S.1*, Kundu T. K.2 1

Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, India 2 Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India

Abstract Molecular dynamic simulation study of methane hydrate cluster having 27 methane encapsulated pentagonal dodecahedron (512) hydrate cage with and without presence of eight methanol molecules in supercell has been performed to evalute the effect of methanol on the stability and formation of methane hydrate cluster. Methanol is found to act as an effective methane hydrate inhibitor below 30 atm pressure for 240 K and below 90 atm pressure for 250 K. The prediction by this molecular dynamics simulation study is found to be well corresponds with reported experimental results.

Keywords: Methane hydrate, Pentagonal dodecahedron, Gas hydrate inhibitor

Journal of Petroleum Engineering & Technology ISSN: 2231-1785 (online), ISSN: 2321-5178 (print) Volume 4, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Improved Prediction of Fluid Contacts using Calibrated Material Balance Models Ogbunude B. C., Emenike E., Ebuka A. Department of Petroleum Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria

Abstract The demand for oil has been on the high in the recent past and will continue as search for sustainable alternative energy sources intensifies. The exploration and exploitation of oil from subsurface reservoirs have posed several environmental challenges which include flaring and improper water disposal to name a few, caused by excessive production of gas and water. Hence, it is important to establish a reservoir performance monitoring scheme that will ensure that appropriate fluids are produced from the reservoir within the economic producing life of each well-draining a given reservoir by monitoring the fluid contact levels. Furthermore, appropriate reservoir monitoring will help to improve productivity and recovery of old wells, calibrate predictive reservoir models and identify opportunities for optimum reservoir development. A key tool used in reservoir performance monitoring is the post production log, particularly the Pulsed Neutron Capture (PNC) and Pulsed Neutron Spectroscopy (PNS) logs which make use of high energy neutrons to determine the fluid contacts in the reservoir. This campaign however is very expensive; hence an alternative and less expensive method of determining and predicting the present and future fluid contacts will be discussed. This involves using calibrated material balance models to predict the fluid contacts based on the pore volume (voidage) replacement by the displacing fluid. This will help in generating fluid contacts on a more frequent time interval.

Keywords: Fluid contacts, Reservoir, Material balance models

Journal of Petroleum Engineering & Technology ISSN: 2231-1785 (online), ISSN: 2321-5178 (print) Volume 4, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Underbalanced Drilling and Its Advancements: An Overview Saxena A., Ojha K. *, Pathak A. K. Department of Petroleum Engineering, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India Abstract Ever increasing global energy demand associated with depletion of conventional hydrocarbon resources drives exploration and production (E&P) industry to invent advanced new technologies in frontier areas of drilling, production and reservoir engineering to enhance hydrocarbon production from unconventional resources or depleted reservoirs. Demand to produce from a low pressure marginal reservoir and the discoveries of naturally fractured reservoirs lead to the development of new drilling techniques like underbalanced drilling along with other technological advances. Underbalanced drilling (UBD) technology can overcome a number of problems encountered during drilling, which is otherwise impossible with conventional overbalanced drilling. However, in-depth understanding of the characteristic behavior of different components during operation is an essential criteria for efficient application of this technology. In drilling operation, drilling fluid plays a very important role in controlling the entire operation efficiently without any interruption or damage to the reservoir. Foam-based drilling fluid, one of the most favored techniques of UBD needs a thorough study for its applicability and smooth functioning under bottom hole condition. Foam fluid is very much unpredictable for its very sensitive rheological behavior, specifically for small variation in pressure, temperature, and composition along with other parameters during drilling. Hence, utmost care should be taken for proper designing of foam-based fluid, failing of which may negatively affect the process. Present paper deals with the developments of foam fluid as an efficient drilling fluid since its inception, composition and rheology, merits and demerits, comparison with conventional fluids which will help the researchers working in the field to get the intensive information without consulting a large literature.

Keywords: Underbalanced drilling, Foam, Formation damage, Differential sticking, Fluid loss