Journal of water pollution and purification research (vol1, issue1) by STM Journals Publication

Jan - April 2014

Journal of Water Pollution & Purification Research (JoWPPR)

conducted

STM JOURNALS Scientific

Technical

Medical

www.stmjournals.com

STM Publication(s) STM Publication, a strong initiative by Consortium E-Learning Network Private ltd.(Estd. 2006) was launched in the year 2010 under the support and guidance by our esteemed Editorial and Advisory board members from renowned institutes. Objectives of STM Publication(s): ? Scientific, Technical and Medical research promotions. ? Publication of genuine Research/Review, Short Articles and Case Studies through proper review

process. ? Publishing Special Issues on Conferences. ? Preparing online platform for other print Journals. ? Empowering the libraries with online and print Journals in Scientific, Technical and Medical

domains. ? Publishing and distribution of books on various subjects which mainly falls in the category of

Nanotechnology, Scientific and technical writing & Environment, Health and Safety. Salient Features: ? A bouquet of 100+ Journals that fall under Science, Technical & Medical domains. ? Employs Open Journals System (OJS) A Journal Management & Publishing System. ? The first and one of the fastest growing publication website in India as well as in abroad for its quality

and coverage. ? Rapid online submission and publication of papers, soon after their formal acceptance/ finalization. ? Facilitates linking with the other authors or professionals. ? Worldwide circulation and visibility.

Journal of Water Pollution and Purification Research Focus and Scope Covers ? Water purification techniques ? Biological, chemical and physical treatment of water ? Water infrastructure management ? Liquid waste management ? Marine/freshwater ecosystems ? Water monitoring/assessment, adaptation planning technology

Journal of Water Pollution and Purification Research is published (frequency: three times a year) in India by STM Journals (division of Consortium e-Learning Network Private Ltd. Pvt.) The views expressed in the articles do not necessarily reflect of the Publisher. The publisher does not endorse the quality or value of the advertised/sponsored products described therein. Please consult full prescribing information before issuing a prescription for any products mentioned in this publication. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system or transmitted in any from without written permission of the publisher. To cite any of the material contained in this Journal, in English or translation, please use the full English reference at the beginning of each article. To reuse any of the material, please contact STM Journals (info@stmjournals.com)

STM Journals (division of Consortium e-Learning Network Private Ltd. ) having its Marketing office located at Office No. 4, First Floor, CSC pocket E Market, Mayur Vihar Phase II, New Delhi-110091, India is the Publisher of Journal. Statements and opinions expressed in the Journal reflect the views of the author(s) and are not the opinion of STM Journals unless so stated. Subscription Information and Order: Cost of Journal: ? National Subscription: Rs. 3750/- per Journal (includes 3 print issues), Single Issue copy purchase Rs.1500/copy ? International Subscription: ? Online Only- $99, Print Only-$149 (includes 3 print issues) ? Online + Print-$199 (includes 3 print issues + online access of published back volumes )

To purchase print compilation of back issues please send your query at info@stmjournals.com Subscription must be prepaid. Rates outside the India includes speed delivery charges. Prices subject to change without notice. Mode of Payment: At par cheque, Demand draft, and RTGS (payment to be made in favor of Consortium E-Learning Network. Pvt. ltd., payable at Delhi/New Delhi. Online Access Policy A). For Authors: In order to provide maximum citation and wide publicity to the authors work, STM Journals also have Open Access Policy, authors who would like to get their work open access can opt for Optional Open Access publication at nominal cost as follows India, SARC and African Countries: INR 2500 or 100 USD including single hard copy of Author's Journal. Other Countries: USD 200 including single hard copy of Author's Journal. B). For Subscribers: ? Online access will be activated within 72 hours of receipt of the payment (working days), subject to receipt of

correct information on user details/Static IP address of the subscriber. ? The access will be blocked: ? If the user requests for the same and furnishes valid reasons for blocking. ? Due to technical issue. ? Misuse of the access rights as per the access policy.

Advertising and Commercial Reprint Inquiries: STM Journals with wide circulation and visibility offer an excellent media for showcasing/promotion of your products/services and the events-namely, Conferences, Symposia/Seminars etc. These journals have very high potential to deliver the message across the targeted audience regularly with each published issue. The advertisements on bulk subscriptions, gift subscriptions or reprint purchases for distribution etc. are also very welcome. Lost Issue Claims: Please note the following when applying for lost or missing issues: ? Claims for print copies lost will be honored only after 45 days of the dispatch date and before publication of the

next issue as per the frequency. ? Tracking id for the speed post will be provided to all our subscribers and the claims for the missing Journals will

be entertained only with the proofs which will be verified at both the ends. ? Claims filed due to insufficient (or no notice) of change of address will not be honored. ? Change of Address of Dispatch should be intimated to STM Journals at least 2 months prior to the dispatch

schedule as per the frequency by mentioning subscriber id and the subscription id. ? Refund requests will not be entertained.

Legal Disputes All the legal disputes are subjected to Delhi Jurisdiction only. If you have any questions, please contact the Publication Management Team: info@stmjournals.com; Tel : +91 0120-4781211.

Publication Management Team Chairman Mr. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director STM Journals, Consortium eLearning Network Pvt. Ltd.(CELNET) Noida ,India

Group Managing Editor Dr. Archana Mehrotra Director CELNET, Delhi, India

Internal Members Puneet Pandeya Manager Associate Editors Gargi Asha Jha Nupur Anand

Monika Malhotra Assistant Manager Assistant Editors Priyanka Aswal Aditya Sanyal Sona Chahal Himani Garg Himani Pandey

External Members

Dr. Bimlesh Lochab Industrial Tribology Machine Dynamics & Maintenance Engineering Centre (ITMMEC) Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India.

Dr. Rajiv Prakash School of Materials Science and Technology, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.

Prof. S. Ramaprabhu Alternative Energy Technology Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, India.

Dr. Rakesh Kumar Assistant Professor, Department of Applied Chemistry, BIT Mesra, Patna, India.

STM Journal (s) Advisory Board

Dr. Ashish Runthala

Prof. Bankim Chandra Ray

Lecturer, Biological Sciences Group, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani Rajasthan, India.

Professor and Head, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India.

Dr. Baldev Raj

Prof. D. N. Rao

Distinguished Scientist & Director, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (ICGAR)Kalpakkam, India.

Professor, Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.

Dr. Baskar Kaliyamoorthy Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology Trichy, India.

Prof. Jugal Kishore Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.

Dr. Hardev Singh Virk Professor Emeritus, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, India.

Dr. Pankaj Poddar Scientist, Physical & Materials Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India.

Dr. Nandini Chatterjee Singh Associate Professor, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, India.

STM Journal (s) Advisory Board

Dr. Priyavrat Thareja

Dr. Rakesh Kumar

Head, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering department, PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh, India.

Assistant Professor, Department of Applied Chemistry, BIT Mesra, Patna, India.

Dr. Shankargouda Patil

Dr. Shrikant Balkisan Dhoot

Asst. Prof., Department of Oral Pathology, KLE Society's Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, India.

Head Research & Development, Nurture Earth R&D Pvt Ltd MIT Campus, Beed bypass road, Aurangabad, India.

Prof. Subash Chandra Mishra

Prof. Sundara Ramaprabhu

Professor, Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department, NIT, Rourkela, India.

Professor, Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India.

Prof. Yuwaraj Marotrao Ghugal Professor and Head Department, Govt. College of Engineering Station Road, Osmanpura, Aurangabad, India.

Editorial Board

Dr. B. M. Krishna Associate Professor Department of Environmental Engineering S.J. College of Engineering, Mysore, Karnataka, India.

Dr. Hansa Jeswani Associate Professor,Civil Engg Dept sardar patel College of Engg, Bhavan's CampusMunshi Nagar,Andheri (w), Mumbai, India.

Dr. Chander Kumar Singh Assistant Professor, Department of Natural Resources,TERI University, India.

Dr. Kiran D. Patil Professor in Chemical EngineeringDept.of Petrochemical And Petroleum Engineering, Maeer's, Maharashtra Institute of Technology (MIT),Paud Road, Kothrud, Pune, India.

Dr. Mahadevappa Swamy Professor Department of Environmental EngineeringS.J. College of Engineering Mysore, Karnataka, India.

Dr. Nilkanth Hanmantrao Kulkarni Associate Professor,Department of Civil & Water Management Engineering,Shri Guru Gobind Singh Ji Institute of Engg. & tech., Vishnupuri,Nanded, India.

Dr. Ritu Singh

Dr. Sadashiva Murthy B.M. Professor Department of Environmental Engineering, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, Mysore,Karnataka, India.

Assistant Professor Department of Environmental ScienceSchool of Earth Sciences Central University of Rajasthan Ajmer, Rajasthan, India.

Dr. Udayashankara T.H. Professor ,Department of Environmental Engineering, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, Mysore , Karnataka, India.

Director's Desk

STM JOURNALS

I take the privilege to present the print version for the [Volume 1 Issue (1)] of Journal of Water Pollution and Purification Research. The intension of JoWPPR is to create an atmosphere that stimulates creativeness, research and growth in the area of Water Pollution and Purification Research. The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. JoWPPR provides an outlet for Research findings and reviews in areas of Water Pollution and Purification Research found to be relevant for National and International recent developments & research initiative. The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and research in the domain of Water Pollution and Purification Research. Finally, I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/ Reviewer board and Authors for their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring write ups/ reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality Research/Reviews findings for our customers base. I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.

Dr. Archana Mehrotra Director STM Journals

Journal of Water Pollution and Purification Research

Contents

1. Economical Treatment Method for Waste Pickling Liquor for Micro, Small and Medium Scale Enterprises Anuradha Devi, Anupam Singhal, Rajiv Gupta, SK Verma, Prasad Panzade, Martina Fernandez 1 2. Spatial Mapping and Analysis of Ground Water Pollution in Pallavaram Municipality Iyer Gulshan, Srinivasan N, Subashree Sukanya Kannan,Vishnu Vardhan BVJ, Gokila Shree R

3. Statistical Optimization and Decolourization of Methyl Violet Using Peroxisdase from Radish Poornima R, Sneha U, Sridhar S

4. Biological Treatment for Industrial Wastewater using Eichhornia Crassipes (Water Hyacinth) Jaie M. Satbhai, N.M. Rane

5. Treatment of Dairy Cooling Unit Washing Wastewater using Modified Sequencing Batch Reactor (MSBR) with various Media S Aravind, PK Ashi Sudhakar, A Sathya Singh, M Swathi, R Gobinath, KS Shobana 34

Journal of Water Pollution & Purification Research Volume 1, Issue 1 www.stmjournals.com

Economical Treatment Method for Waste Pickling Liquor for Micro, Small and Medium Scale Enterprises Anuradha Devi1*, Anupam Singhal1, Rajiv Gupta1, SK Verma1, Prasad Panzade2, Martina Fernandez2 1

Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Rajasthan-333031, India Aditya Birla Science & Technology Company Ltd, Raigad-410208 (Maharashtra), India

Abstract Waste pickling liquor is pertinent to hazardous waste. Various types of recovery and regeneration methods are used to recover and regenerate the acid and metals from waste pickling liquor. But these methods are sumptuous and not amenable for small scale industries. In a developing country like India, where lots of micro, small and medium scale industries exist, only precipitation is a pecuniary treatment method but it generates lots of sludge. There are severe problems in its disposal to lined sites (landfills). This study has been undertaken to minimize the generation of the pickling sludge by different neutralizing agents and their combinations with economic valuation and also sludge characterization has been done. The results show that the treatment of pickling effluent with lime only is the economical solution but the quantity of sludge generation is on a higher side. However, the authors recommend 20% calcium hydroxide and 80% sodium hydroxide for the treatment because sludge reduction is appreciable and lower sludge generation will result in lower cost of sludge handling, i.e., sludge collection, transportation and disposal arrangement. The sludge characterization results show that the sludge generated by treatment of WPL requires further treatment before using it as a building material.

Keywords: Pickling liquor, hazardous waste, sludge, precipitation, sludge characterization

Journal of Water Pollution & Purification Research Volume 1, Issue 1 www.stmjournals.com

Spatial Mapping and Analysis of Ground Water Pollution in Pallavaram Municipality Iyer Gulshan, Srinivasan N, Subashree Sukanya Kannan, Vishnu Vardhan BVJ, Gokila Shree R* Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai-602105, India

Abstract The usage of groundwater has gradually increased because of the increase in water demand and the shortage of surface water. Pallavaram is one such sector in Chennai Municipal Corporation using groundwater as the predominant water source. Ground water samples in and around the industries and the dumpsite in Pallavaram were studied to assess the impact of pollution on ground water resources in the particular area. Groundwater samples were collected during post-monsoon season from 12 sampling points, representing different point sources of water supply such as open and dug wells along with the lake water. The water samples were characterized and analyzed for various chemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, chlorides, calcium, dissolved oxygen and total dissolved solids. The mobility, concentration, and geoaccumulation of certain trace elements such as nickel, chromium, lead, zinc and iron are also analyzed to quantify the levels of pollution. Chromium, lead, calcium and chlorine content for all the sample points were exceeding the permissible limits and the higher values were from points that were near the dump site. Spatial mapping of parameters was generated using ArcGIS and the spatial distribution of these parameters indicates the pathways of the hydrological system during the collection period. Results indicate that the analyzed water samples were highly polluted in comparison with the drinking water standards.

Keywords: Groundwater, GIS, spatial mapping, chemical parameters, quality, pollutants, ArcGIS

Journal of Water Pollution & Purification Research Volume 1, Issue 1 www.stmjournals.com

Statistical Optimization and Decolourization of Methyl Violet Using Peroxisdase from Radish Poornima R, Sneha U, Sridhar S* Department of Biotechnology, Jeppiaar Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Abstract Statistical optimization design based on Response surface methodology for the decolourization of methyl violet using peroxidase from radish (Raphanus sativus) was applied. Effect of four influencing parameters (pH, Temperature, Dye concentration, enzyme volume) on decolourization was studied using One Factor At a Time (OFAT) method. The factors were optimized using RSM based on Box- Behnken design and analyzed for its significance through Analysis of Variance. The optimized operating conditions for enzymatic degradation were found to be: Temperature 40°C; Dye concentration 100 mg/L; Incubation time 60 min; Enzyme volume 0.75 mL at pH 7, maximum decolourization efficiency of 72.46% was obtained at this optimized conditions. The predicted decolourization rate under the optimum conditions was 65.20%. Verification experiments carried out closely agreed with the predicted value. The determination coefficient of the model was R² 0.9310. The results signify that RSM based Box-Behnken design is a dependable method to optimize the operating conditions of methyl violet decolourization using radish peroxidase.

Keywords: Methyl violet, raphanus sativus peroxidase, response surface methodology, box behnken design

Journal of Water Pollution & Purification Research Volume 1, Issue 1 www.stmjournals.com

Biological Treatment for Industrial Wastewater using Eichhornia Crassipes (Water Hyacinth) Jaie M. Satbhai1*, N.M. Rane2 1

Department of Biotechnology, the Oxford College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India 2 Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT Academy of Engineering, Pune, India

Abstract One of the major problems faced by mankind today is of water pollution. There are various methods available for treatment of waste water. The conventional and mechanical methods of treatment of industrial waste water quite expensive and are thus uneconomical for industries of lower turnover rate. The search is for economical and efficient methods. Use of vascular plants for pollution abatement is recent trend. The present work is directed towards the use of aquatic plant Eichhornia crassipes i.e., Water hyacinth for treatment of industrial waste and the objectives of work are to study feasibility of treatment, number of days required for the treatment, effect of operating tank depth, effect of pre-treatment and effect of Nutrients by observing change in various physical, chemical and biological parameters.

Keywords: Water hyacinth, wastewater, aquatic treatment system

Journal of Water Pollution & Purification Research Volume 1, Issue 1 www.stmjournals.com

Treatment of Dairy Cooling Unit Washing Wastewater using Modified Sequencing Batch Reactor (MSBR) with various Media S Aravind*, PK Ashi Sudhakar, A Sathya Singh, M Swathi, R Gobinath, KS Shobana Department of Civil Engineering, Jay Shriram Group of Institutions, Avinashipalayam, Tirupur, Tamilnadu, India

Abstract A bench scale modified sequencing batch reactor (MSBR) was employed for treatment of diary cooling unit wastewater. The reactor was constructed in cylindrical shape with outlet nozzle at the bottom using borosilicate glass with capacity of 10 L. The reactor was supplied with oxygen by bubble air diffuser at the aeration rate of 4 L/h. The aeration rate was optimized by doing series of trials for MSBR operation. The reactor was fed with dairy cooling unit wastewater under different operational conditions. For microbe feed, 10 g of cow dung was employed. For abundant growth of methanogenous bacteria present in cow dung, nutrients like phosphate buffer solution of 15 mL and 2 g of anhydrous glucose powder was supplied. As attached growth, media brickbats and wood chips were employed. The reactor was operated in continuous mode and maximum hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 6 h was given. The treatment efficiency was checked at every 1 h interval. At maximum HRT, the COD removal efficiency was found to be 70%, BOD removal was at 73%, pH was brought down to nearly neutral level (pH 6.79), transmittance was increased up to 81% and absorbance was reduced to 0.09. The other parameters of the wastewater were also reduced eventually which is clearly shown in this paper. Keywords: wastewater, dairy industry, treatment, batch reactor