Journal of water resource engineering and management (vol1 issue1) by STM Journals Publication

Jan -April 2014

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Dr. Rajiv Prakash School of Materials Science and Technology, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.

Prof. S. Ramaprabhu Alternative Energy Technology Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, India.

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Dr. Ashish Runthala

Prof. Bankim Chandra Ray

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Professor and Head, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India.

Dr. Baldev Raj

Prof. D. N. Rao

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Prof. Jugal Kishore Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.

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Dr. Pankaj Poddar Scientist, Physical & Materials Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India.

Dr. Nandini Chatterjee Singh Associate Professor, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, India.

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Dr. Rakesh Kumar

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Assistant Professor, Department of Applied Chemistry, BIT Mesra, Patna, India.

Dr. Shankargouda Patil

Dr. Shrikant Balkisan Dhoot

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Prof. Subash Chandra Mishra

Prof. Sundara Ramaprabhu

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Professor, Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India.

Prof. Yuwaraj Marotrao Ghugal Professor and Head Department, Govt. College of Engineering Station Road, Osmanpura, Aurangabad, India.

Editorial Board

Dr.Ajaykumar Ramdas Kambekar Faculty,Department of Civil Engineering Sardar Patel College of Engineering, Bhavan's Campus, Munshi Nagar, Andheri, Mumbai, India.

Dr. Chander Kumar Singh Assistant Professor, Department of Natural Resources,TERI University, India.

Dr. Arindam Sarkar Assistant Professor, School of Infrastructure, Indian Institute of Technology, Bhubaneswar, India.

Dr. Dalchand Jhariya Assistant Professor,National Institute of Technology ,Raipur, India.

Dr. Erfan Mondal, Professor, Department of Geology, AMU, Aligarh, India.

Mr. Gobinath Ravindran Assistant Professor ,Department of Civil engineering, Jay Shriram Group of Institutions, Avinashipalayam, Tirupur, Tamilnadu, India.

Mr. Ishtiyaq Ahmad

Dr. Javed Alam Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department,A.M.U, Aligarh, India.

Assistant Professor,Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology , Raipur, India.

Dr. Jyoti Sarup Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, MANIT, Bhopal, India.

Dr. K. S Kasiviswanathan Assistant Professor (SG) Department of Civil Engineering, India.

Dr. Kanhu Charan Patra Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Former Head and Dean (AR), National Institute of Technology Rourkela, India.

Dr. M. Mizanur Rahaman Assistant Professor Department of Civil Engineering University of Asia Pacific House- 8/A, Road - 7 Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1209 Bangladesh.

Editorial Board

Dr. N. Vishwakarma Assistant Professor, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India.

Dr. Prosenjit Ghosh Assistant Professor,Center for Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.

Dr. Pabitra Ranjan Maiti Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), India.

Prof. Quamrul Hassan Prof. Quamrul Hassan, Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering & Technology Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.

Dr. Rajesh Gupta Professor, Civil Engineering, NIT Nagpur.

Dr. Ramesh H Gowda Water Resources Engineering Specialist, National Institute of Technology, Karnataka, Suratkhal, India.

Dr. Saravanan Subbarayan

Dr. Shamsuddin Shahid Associate Professor ,Department of Hydraulics and Hydrology, Faculty of Civil Engineering,Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) Johor, Malaysia.

Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology , Tiruchirappalli, India.

Dr. Syed Zaheer Hasan Scientist-G,Petroleum Research Wing, Gujarat Energy Research and Management Institute, PDPU Campus, Raisan,Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.

Director's Desk

STM JOURNALS

I take the privilege to present the print version for the [Volume 1 Issue (1)] of Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management. The intension of JoWREM is to create an atmosphere that stimulates creativeness, research and growth in the area of Water Resource Engineering and Management. The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. JoWREM provides an outlet for Research findings and reviews in areas of Water Resource Engineering and Management found to be relevant for National and International recent developments & research initiative. The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and research in the domain of Water Resource Engineering and Management. Finally, I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/ Reviewer board and Authors for their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring write ups/ reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality Research/Reviews findings for our customers base. I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.

Dr. Archana Mehrotra Director STM Journals

Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management.

Contents

1. An Assessment of Structural Safety of Cement Mortar Lined Irrigation Water Pipeline by Hydrostatic Test Rizwan Ali, Hanumanthappa MS, Shyamli Paswan, Ghosh AK, Govindan S

2. Water and Social Responsibilities Kumari Shivangi, Paritosh Pandey, Shalini Kumar, Harinarayan Tiwari

3. Land Surface Temperature Estimation using Landsat ETM+ Data Chander Kumar Singh

4. River Science Research: Multidisciplinary To Trans Disciplinary Harinarayan Tiwari, Nayan Sharma

5. River Water and Soil Analysis in Noyyal River, Tirupur Aswathy V Gopal, Arun O S, D. Saranyadevi

Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management Volume 1, Issue 1 www.stmjournals.com

An Assessment of Structural Safety of Cement Mortar Lined Irrigation Water Pipeline by Hydrostatic Test Rizwan Ali*, Hanumanthappa MS, Shyamli Paswan, Ghosh AK, Govindan S Central Water and Power Research Station, Pune-411024, India

Abstract Structural safety of cement mortar-lined water pipeline is a matter of great concern primarily due to weld defects, fabrication deficiency and assessment of pressure shared by lining. The verification of structural design of such pipeline and assessment of safety is generally carried out by conducting prototype hydrostatic test. The present paper is based on one such type of study conducted by CWPRS, Pune, for Guthpha Lift Irrigation Scheme, Nizamabad, Andhra Pradesh. The pipes of finished internal diameter varying from 1600â&#x20AC;&#x201C;2200 mm have been fabricated with 12 mm thick Grade B mild steel complying with IS: 2062 specifications. The pipes have been designed further with internal lining of 15 mm thick cement mortar and external coating of 25 mm cement mortar for an internal design pressure of 6 kg/cm2. In order to assess structural safety by conducting prototype hydrostatic test, two lined pipes each of 6 m length and 2200 mm internal diameter have been joined to form a single pipe of 12 m length to eliminate edge effects due to welded bulkheads at the ends. The pipeline has been supported on rigid concrete platform through three saddle supports. Electrical resistance-type strain gauges have been installed at critical locations in high-stressed zones after removing external coating of cement mortar. The pipeline has been tested up to 1.5 times of design internal pressure, i.e., 9.0 kg/cm2. The allowable stress as per design has been taken as 0.66 times of yield stress with 90% weld efficiency, which worked out to be 1485 kg/cm2. The hoop tensile stresses in steel pipe computed at different locations based on measured strains have been found to vary from 300 to 1000 kg/cm2 at 9 kg/cm2 internal pressure and thus remain well within allowable limit. The tensile stresses developed in outer cement mortar coating have been found negligible compared to that developed in the steel pipe indicating that total applied internal pressure has been shared by the steel pipe only.

Keywords: Prototype, internal lining, bulkheads, hoop stress, electrical resistance strain gauges

Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management Volume 1, Issue 1 www.stmjournals.com

Water and Social Responsibilities Kumari Shivangi1, Paritosh Pandey2, Shalini Kumar3, Harinarayan Tiwari4 1 M.A., IGNOU, India 2 Jagran Institute of Mass Communication, India 3 M.A. (Ancient History) 4 IIT Roorkee, India

Abstract Water is unanimously acknowledged as a symbol of life as it is the most vital for maintaining an environment and ecosystem contributing to support all forms of life. It plays an important role in fulfilling basic human need for life and health but also in socio-economic development. 18% of the world’s population lack access to safe drinking water. By 2025, it is estimated that two thirds of the world’s population will live in areas facing moderate to severe water stress. Transforming the social culture so that it is educated by the principles of equality, equity, and sustainability - especially inclusiveness, transparency and accountability - is critical to changing the culture of water management and also it will change accountability of women only for water management.

Keywords: water, women, society

Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management Volume 1, Issue 1 www.stmjournals.com

Land Surface Temperature Estimation using Landsat ETM+ Data Chander Kumar Singh* Department of Natural Resources, TERI University, New Delhi-110070, INDIA

Abstract Land Surface Temperature (LST) can be estimated from remotely sensed satellite data. LST is a key parameter in the physics of land surface processes because it is involved in the energy balance as well as in the evapo-transpiration and desertification processes. The knowledge of surface temperature is important to a range of issues and themes in earth sciences central to urban climatology, global environmental change, and humanenvironment interactions. In this study an attempt has been made to estimate surface temperature over a part of Thar Desert area using Landsat-7 ETM+ satellite data. The variability of these retrieved LSTs has been investigated with respect to different land use/ land cover (LULC) types determined from the Landsat visible and NIR channels. The emissivity per pixel has been retrieved directly from satellite data and has been estimated as narrow band emissivity at the satellite sensor channel in order to have least error in the surface temperature estimation. The results suggest that the methodology is feasible to estimate NDVI and surface temperature with reasonable accuracy over desertic terrain.

Keywords: land surface temperature, NDVI, satellite data, Landsat ETM+

Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management Volume 1, Issue 1 www.stmjournals.com

River Science Research: Multidisciplinary To Trans Disciplinary Harinarayan Tiwari*, Nayan Sharma Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India Abstract We are in the decay where water is important as well as complex concern of our day to day life. River is the main source of surface water. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s merely essential to figure out the issues that will affect the river changes for successful river management. Due to enormously uncertain spatial; temporal multidimensional characteristic of river change itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s very difficult to give exact theoretical concept to address this issue. There is inherent contradiction that what the basis for river management is; since property of river change cannot be explained and expressed by single factor. Therefore, river changes scenario should have to realize as dynamic process. Integrated assessment of physical and socioeconomic scales in rivers changes improve our understanding and provide greater potential for long-term persistence of river management and it will require a conceptual framework. A successful development of conceptual framework should provide a basis for multi-disciplinary researcher with very diverse goals for river changes to come together in support of better river management. To see regularity in the behavior of river change, it is necessary to prepare a conceptual framework. In this paper an attempt has been made to prepare the conceptual framework of river changes to get more to Trans disciplinary research. Keywords: river changes, river management, conceptual framework, water, Trans disciplinary

Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management Volume 1, Issue 1 www.stmjournals.com

River Water and Soil Analysis in Noyyal River, Tirupur Aswathy V Gopal*, Arun O S, D. Saranyadevi Department of Civil engineering, Jay Shriram Group of Institutions, Avinashipalayam, Tirupur, Tamilnadu, India Abstract Tirupur is famous for its textile industries. Because of this, the rate of water pollution is also very high. The generation of waste water from the industries is the main reason for the waste water problems to the environment. Some industries are not adopting any proper treatment methods to avoid this pollution, because of the high treatment cost. Without giving proper treatment the waste water is dumping in to the river streams. By analyzing the present status of the river Noyyal, which is running through the urban centers of Tirupur city, it is clear that the river is little polluted. The rate of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and bio chemical oxygen demand (BOD) are higher than that of normal river water. This clearly indicates that the pollution is not yet controlled properly. To know the most polluted zone of river Noyyal, a case study is being processed as a project work. Both the organic and inorganic parameters are tested for each sampling point. All the parameters are varying from each sampling point to another. Here the study analyzed the heavy metals also but they are all within the WHO limits for the drinking water usage. But the color and odour of the river Noyyal is objectionable. Hence this study also aims to know the sources of pollutants.

Keywords: River Noyyal, COD, BOD, soil analysis, monitoring, surface water monitoring