Recent trends in civil engineering & technology (vol4, issue2) by STM Journals Publication

(RTCET) ISSN: 2321-6476

May-August 2014

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Prof. (Dr.) Shamsher Bahadur Singh Civil Engineering Department Vidya Vihar Campus Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani Rajasthan, India.

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Dr. Vasant Matsagar Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, India.

Dr. Baskar Kaliyamoorthy Associate Professor Department of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology Trichy, India.

Professor Jyant Kumar Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.

Professor D Nagesh Kumar Professor Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, India.

Dr. Pranab Kumar Mohapatra University of South Carolina Columbia SC, USA, United States.

Prof S. Mohan Indian Institute of Technology, Madras Chennai, India.

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Dr. S. P. Agrawal Chief Scientist & Adviser Central Building Research Institute ROORKEE, India.

Sekhar Kumar Chakrabarti Professor Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur 208016, India.

Dr. P. C. Thapliyal Principal Scientist, The Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee, India.

Dr. P V Sivapulliah Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Science Bangalore - 560 012, India.

Dr. Bibhuti Bhusan Das Sr. Associate Professor, National Institute of Construction Management and Research (NICMAR) Goa Campus Ponda, Goa, India.

Dr. Nagendra Roy National Institute of Technology Rourkela, India.

Dr. Sukhdeo Karade CSIR-Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee and AcSIR, India

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I take the privilege to present the hard copy compilation for the [Volume 4 Issue (2)] of Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology (RTCET). The intension of RTCET is to create an atmosphere that stimulates creativeness, research and growth in the area of Civil Engineering & Technology. The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. RTCET provides an outlet for Research findings and reviews in areas of Civil Engineering & Technology found to be relevant for National and International recent developments & research initiative. The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and research in the domain of Civil Engineering & Technology. Finally, I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/ Reviewer board and Authors for their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring writeups/ reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality Research/Reviesw findings for our customers base. I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.

Dr. Archana Mehrotra Director STM Journals

Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology

Contents

1. A Case Study on R.C.C Cast in situ Pile Capacities for Flyover Foundations K. M. Bipul Shahriar, Shuchita Shahnaz

2. Fabrication of Paper Bricks from Paper Waste and Cement Gobinath R., Saranyadevi D., Jeevanantham E., Dinesh J., Karthick S., Karthickeyan S.

3. Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Exterior Beam Column Joint Subjected to Monotonic Loading Shivaji T. Bidgar, Partha Bhattacharya

4. Liquefaction Behavior of Clean Sand for Various Sample Sizes Using Triaxial Tests S. R. Pathak, R. S. Dalvi

5. Experimental Studies on Modified Sequential Batch Reactor Using High Density Poly Ethylene as a Media Ashi Sudhakar P. K., Aravind S., Gobinath R., Shobana K. S. 30

Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology ISSN: 2249-8753 (online), ISSN: 2321-6476 (print) Volume 4, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

A Case Study on R.C.C Cast in situ Pile Capacities for Flyover Foundations K. M. Bipul Shahriar*, Shuchita Shahnaz ACE Consultants Ltd., DOHS Baridhara, Dhaka-1206, Bangladesh Abstract Bangladesh is a densely populated country in the world. So, for the movement of this large population needs a good transport system. Every day people are moving hundreds of kilometers for their personal and official works and using different road transport system. Reality is the roads are very narrow. The present situation says people are making traffic jams though not intentionally. People have to work or stay at home, though it is not possible to stay at home without work. There is no space on the road for road widening. This is the best solution to make flyovers at different locations where huge traffic congestion is observed. Transport plays an important role in the development of a country. Flyover means a bridge-like part of a road by the upper level of a crossing of two highways at different levels. This report shows three flyover foundation design based on underground soil strata at Kona Bari, Chandra and Sohagpur. These flyovers are situated from Joydevpur to Elanga route on the highway.

Keywords: Bangladesh, Konabari, Chandra, Sohagpur, Flyover, Joydevpur

Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology ISSN: 2249-8753 (online), ISSN: 2321-6476 (print) Volume 4, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Fabrication of Paper Bricks from Paper Waste and Cement Gobinath R, Saranyadevi D*, Jeevanantham E, Dinesh J, Karthick S, Karthickeyan S Department of Civil Engineering, Jay Shriram Group of Institutions, Avinashipalayam, Tirupur, Tamilnadu, India

Abstract Paper bricks are key construction materials for buildings in general and for low cost housing in particular. To keep up with sustainable development movements and increasing competitive pressure in the industry, building materials of the future have to be of lighter weight, more energy efficient and lower cost. The use of recycled materials is also critical for long-term sustainability. The objective of this study is to develop lightweight paper brick from waste paper with minimum cost. Different mixtures of waste paper were used as raw materials. The paper was hydrated and spun to obtain paperpulp slurry after mixing with cement, and cast to shape. Compressive strength and water absorption were found. The results showed that experimental bricks had higher compressive strength and water absorption when compared to those of existing masonry blocks. Quick cost estimation indicated that bricks could be made at a lower cost than those available in the market. It is concluded that paper bricks from waste paper possess attractive properties and good strength. Sustainability and cost issues are also addressed. The result shows the combination of paper waste and cement provides better results for producing economical new bricks.

Keywords: Lightweight paper bricks, waste paper, cement, compressive strength, water absorption

Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology ISSN: 2249-8753 (online), ISSN: 2321-6476 (print) Volume 4, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Exterior Beam Column Joint Subjected to Monotonic Loading Shivaji T. Bidgar*, Partha Bhattacharya Department of Civil Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, West Bengal, India Abstract A numerical analysis of exterior beam-column joint subjected to constant axial load on the column top and monotonic load applied at the beam tip is presented in this work. A strain-based nonlinear finite element program is developed in MATLAB R2009a. The nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete structural member is carried out considering it as a two-phase system. The concrete in nonlinear range is considered as orthotropic material having different stress-strain relationship in tension and compression. The reinforcement is modeled as a linear elastic â&#x20AC;&#x201C; perfectly plastic material. An incremental iterative procedure is adopted with secant stiffness approach for the present nonlinear finite element analysis. The present model is capable of retrieving the load at the initiation of the first crack, the load at the failure and type of failure of beam-column subassemblage. The numerical model is also able to locate the position and depth of cracks occurred in the joint assembly under the assumed boundary condition and applied loading. The results of numerical analysis are compared with experimental values and they are in good agreements.

Keywords: Exterior beam column joint, reinforced concrete, monotonic load, nonlinear analysis, secant stiffness, plastic hinge, finite element formulation

Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology ISSN: 2249-8753 (online), ISSN: 2321-6476 (print) Volume 4, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Liquefaction Behavior of Clean Sand for Various Sample Sizes Using Triaxial Tests S. R. Pathak, R. S. Dalvi* College of Engineering Pune, Wellesley Road, Shivajinager, Pune, Maharashtra, India Abstract A total of 54 isotropically consolidated un-drained triaxial compression tests on various sample sizes were conducted to study the effect of sample size on liquefaction behavior of clean sand. Specimens were prepared using moist placement and dry deposition methods with different initial relative densities and tested for different confining pressures. It was observed that as the sample size increases, deviator stress also increases. Peak value of deviator stress increased as the confining pressure and relative density increased for all sample sizes for moist placement method. After reaching peak, deviator stress remained constant for large percentage of axial strain for smaller sample size, while larger-size sample offered maximum resistance to liquefaction. However, for dry deposition method opposite trend was observed especially for smaller sample sizes. Unstable zone already established by authors has been studied for all sample sizes with these two sample preparation methods. The ratio of excess pore pressure to mean effective stress at the maximum pore pressure point has been defined. The threshold value of this ratio has been found to indicate the transition from contractive to dilative behavior.

Keywords: Clean sand, triaxial compression, sample size, liquefaction, unstable zone, un-drained testing

Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology ISSN: 2249-8753 (online), ISSN: 2321-6476 (print) Volume 4, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Experimental Studies on Modified Sequential Batch Reactor Using High Density Poly Ethylene as a Media Ashi Sudhakar P. K., Aravind S.*, Gobinath R., Shobana K. S. Department of Civil engineering, Jay Shriram Group of Institutions, Avinashipalayam, Tirupur, Tamilnadu, India Abstract Dairy industry wastewater is being a challenge to the environment. The effluent from the diary industries contain high amount of sulphate, sulphide, ammonia, chloride, nitrate, oil and grease, etc. To treat dairy waste water many methods were developed by researchers in the last few decades. Modified sequencing batch reactors (MSBRs) process used for different type of wastewater such as municipal wastewater, landfill leachate, dairy wastewater slaughter house, etc. Main operating parameters and MSBR technique are cycle time, aeration time, volume of reactor, hydraulic detention time (HRT) and other parameters. In present study the treatment efficiency of the reactor is determined by considering the removal of certain parameters like COD, BOD, nitrate, ammonia, sulphate, sulphide, chloride, oil and grease, etc. The active working of MSBR, in this study, was done by introducing high density poly ethylene (HDPE) as medium and also by varying the aeration time.

Keywords: modified sequential batch reactor, dairy waste water, COD, BOD, nitrate, oil and grease, aeration time, HDPE media