Research & reviews a journal of biotechnology (vol4, issue2) by STM Journals Publication

May - August 2014

ISSN : 2347 - 7245

Research & Reviews A Journal of

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Dr Bhaskar C Behera Scientist Mycology and Plantpathology group Agharkar Research Institute G. G. Agarkar Road Pune, India.

Dr. Saber Mohamed Abd-Allah Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, BeniSuef University, Egypt.

Professor Satpal Singh Bisht Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, India.

Dr. Shrikant Balkisan Dhoot Head Research & Development, PhD Bioprocess Technology Head, R&D Nurture Earth R&D Pvt LtdAurangabad Maharashtra

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STM JOURNALS

I take the privilege to present the hard copy compilation for the Volume 4 Issue (2) of Research & Reviews: A Journal of Biotechnology (RRJoBT). The intension of RRJoBT is to create an atmosphere that stimulates creativeness, research and growth in the area of Biotechnology. The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. RRJoBT provides an outlet for Research findings and reviews in areas of Biotechnology found to be relevant for National and International recent developments & research initiative. The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and research in the domain of Biotechnology. Finally, I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/ Reviewer board and Authors for their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring writeups/ reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality Research/Reviews findings for our customers base. I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.

Dr. Archana Mehrotra Director STM Journals

Research & Reviews : A Journal of Biotechnology

Contents

1. Biosorption and Screening of Lead (Pb) Tolerant Indigenous Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Tannery Effluent Contaminated Site Muthukumaran P., Arvind J., Priya M., Divya R., Indhumathi E., Keerthika C. 1 2. Comparative Assessment of Antiproliferative Potential of Triphala and Ashokarishta: Dependence on Dose, Exposure Time and Age of the Preparation Oli N., Desai K, Menon S. 8 3. Phytochemical Screening and Trace Element Analysis of Cryptomeria japonica S. Priya

4. Seasonal Variation and Regional Abundance of Wetland Avian Fauna of Urinji Kulam Pond in Thiruthangal, Viruthunagar District J.Arun Raj , Sevarkodiyone S. P., Pavaraj M., Balaji S.

5. Study on Efflux Pump Inhibition Activity of Marine Actinomycetes against Oflaxcin Resistant M. tuberculosis Gajalakshmi P., Raja A., Arthur James R.

Research & Reviews: A Journal of Biotechnology ISSN: 2231-3826 (online), ISSN: 2347-7245 (print) Volume 4, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Biosorption and Screening of Lead (Pb) Tolerant Indigenous Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Tannery Effluent Contaminated Site Muthukumaran P.*, Arvind J., Priya M., Divya R., Indhumathi E., Keerthika C. Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore 641 049, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract The present study deals with isolation, identification, and characterization of heavy metal resistant bacteria isolated from effluent of Ezar Tanneries, Vaniyambadi, Vellore district, South India. Initially, a total of 11 bacterial isolates were screened on Luria Bertani (LB) agar plates supplemented with 5 mg/L concentration of five different heavy metal ions such as Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn separately. A best microorganism was selected based on high level of heavy metal tolerance. On the basis of morphological, biochemical characterization, the isolates were identified as Staphylococcus aureus. The identified isolates were resistant to Cu and Pb. S. aureus showed optimum growth at 30Â°C and pH 6.5. The identified heavy metal resistant S. aureus could be useful for the bioremediation of heavy metal contaminated sewage and wastewater.

Keywords: bioremediation, heavy metal, lead, Staphylococcus aureus, tannery effluent

Research & Reviews: A Journal of Biotechnology ISSN: 2231-3826 (online), ISSN: 2347-7245 (print) Volume 4, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Comparative Assessment of Antiproliferative Potential of Triphala and Ashokarishta: Dependence on Dose, Exposure Time and Age of the Preparation Oli N., Desai K, Menon S.* Department of Biochemistry, St. Xavierâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s College, Navarangpura, Ahmedabad 380 009, India Abstract Triphala and Ashokarishta are known to be widely used herbal formulations in Ahmedabad, of which a few are local brands. Triphala is used by people of all ages for general well being while Ashokarishta is prescribed to women suffering from problems related to menstruation. Five brands of Tripahala and three brands of Ashokarishta were added to Schizosaccharomyces pombe NCYC 1683 cultures (cell cycle mutants) at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg/mL each of the former and 0.15, 0.3, 0.45 and 0.6 mg/mL of the latter for 3 and 24 h exposure time. These were assessed for viability by MTT assay and total protein content. The viability of cells in most experimental trials with Triphala was found to be significantly (p < 0.05) higher at 24 h than 3 h exposure time for all drug concentrations, while in trials with Ashokarishta, the percent cell viability varied with dose but showed no significant change with respect to exposure time. The antiproliferative potential of the drugs was observed to be at 2 mg/mL (Triphala) and 0.6 mg/mL (Ashokarishta) concentrations on exposure for 24 h. The percent cell viability at lower doses was high. The correlation of total protein and cell viability varied with different brands. In case of some of the drugs, the total protein at the effective dose was higher than percent cell viability, while in some cases the total protein was lower than the percent cell viability. Thus, antiproliferative effect of both formulations is dependent on dose and age of preparation. Keywords: Triphala, Ashokarishta, Schizosaccharomyces pombe cultures, cell viability, total protein content, dose dependence and exposure time

Research & Reviews: A Journal of Biotechnology ISSN: 2231-3826 (online), ISSN: 2347-7245 (print) Volume 4, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Phytochemical Screening and Trace Element Analysis of Cryptomeria japonica S. Priya* P.G. Department of Biotechnology, S.T.E.T. Womenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s College, Mannargudi, Tamil Nadu, India Abstract The present study was aimed to investigate the preliminary phytochemical screening of the bark of Cryptomeria japonica belonging to family Cupressaceae. The bark of the plant were subjected to successive soxhlet extraction by continuous hot percolation method using organic solvents of increasing polarity such as ethanol. Both the extracts were subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening and it showed the presence of active constituents such as alkaloid, flavonoid, phenol and carbohydrates. Heavy metals and inorganic elements are determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy technique. The results obtained shows that the extracts contain medicinally important bioactive constituents and also heavy metals present in the plant extracts were within the permissible limits. The results showed that the plants hold tremendous promise in providing the variable secondary metabolites and mineral supply that could enhance the curative process of ill health.

Keywords: Cryptomeria japonica, phytochemical screening, heavy metal and inorganic element analysis

Research & Reviews: A Journal of Biotechnology ISSN: 2231-3826 (online), ISSN: 2347-7245 (print) Volume 4, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Seasonal Variation and Regional Abundance of Wetland Avian Fauna of Urinji Kulam Pond in Thiruthangal, Viruthunagar District J.Arun Raj *, Sevarkodiyone S. P., Pavaraj M., Balaji S. Post-graduate and Research Department of Zoology, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College (Autonomous), Sivakasiâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;626 124, Tamil Nadu, India Abstract Wetlands are plays a vital role in the ecosystem. It provides good shelter for many animals such as, birds, mammals, fishes, insects, etc. It is also maintaining the biodiversity of flora and fauna. Birds are the most important indicators of the ecosystem. Hence, the present study has been carried out to assess the wetland birds in Thiruthangal from July 2012 to June 2013. During the study period 32 species of birds belonging 19 families were recorded. Among the 19 families Recurvirostidae, Ciconiidae, Scolopacidae, Pelecanidae and Podicipedidae were found to be more dominant than other families.

Keywords: avian fauna, wetland, biodiversity, seasonal variation and aquatic birds.

Research & Reviews: A Journal of Biotechnology ISSN: 2231-3826 (online), ISSN: 2347-7245 (print) Volume 4, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Study on Efflux Pump Inhibition Activity of Marine Actinomycetes against Oflaxcin Resistant M. tuberculosis Gajalakshmi P.1, Raja A.2, Arthur James R.3 1

Department of Microbiology, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan College of Arts and Science for Women, Perambalur – 621 212, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Department of Microbiology, Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, India 3 Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli – 620 024, India

Abstract Studies were conducted to isolate marine actinomycetes active against oflaxcin resistant M. tuberculosis. Out of 25 actinomycetes isolates designated as ECRMP 4 showed potent antimycobacterial activity against all three tested Mycobacterial strains. Representative bioactive isolate was characterized using phenotypic property and identified as Micropolyspora sp. The zone of inhibition was 20 ± 0.1 mm (62% RIZD) against M. tuberculosis and 18 ± 0.6 mm (100% RIZD) against OFLR M. tuberculosis. The bioassay of crude compound prevails that the Rf value of compound is 0.16. In this study we evaluated the role of the efflux pumps in quinolone resistance by using carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP), 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) and verapamil against clinical isolate of M. tuberculosis. The MIC levels of OFL showed twofold reductions in presence of CCCP, verapamil and DNP while in case of ECRMP 4 Micropolyspora sp. metabolite showed fourfold reductions in MIC. These finding suggest the involvement of active efflux pumps activity of isolated compound from Micropolyspora can be able to produce noval antimycobacterial molecules.

Keywords: Micropolyspora, oflaxcin, relative zone of inhibition, efflux pump