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Dr. Savo Vuckovic

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Forage production,NemanjinaZemunBelgrade, Serbia.

Dr. A.K. Srivastava

Dr. Rokolhuii Keditsu

National Research Centre for Citrus , Nagpur Maharashtra, India.

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Dr. Mohammad Aslam Ansari

Mahesh Rao

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Scientist, National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi India.

Editorial Board

Dr. Madhusweta Das IIT Kharagpur,Kharagpur, WB, India.

Gamal Abdel-Nasser Khalil Nasser KhalilSoil and Agricultural Chemistry Dept. Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha) Bulkily.

Vinod Kumar Suri CSKHPKV, Palampur, HP India.

Rintu Banerjee Agricultural & Food Engineering DepartmentIndian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, WB India.

Prof. Proshanta Guha Agricultural & Food Engineering, IIT Kharagpur, WB, India.

Ravikant Radhakant Upasani Agronomy Birsa Agricultural University Ranchi, Jharkhand, India.

Dr. Anjum Suhail Department of Agri. Entomology University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

Dr. Sohail Ahmed University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Pakistan, Pakistan.

Dr. M L Kansal Associate Professor (WRDTC), IIT Roorkee, Uttarakhand India.

Dr. R Kalaiyarasi UG Botany, Centre for Plant Breeding and GeneticsTamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.

Dr. Marina Macukanovic Jocic University of BelgradeFaculty of Agriculture, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia.

Professor Saket Kushwaha Agricultural Economics, BHU, Banaras, UP India.

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STM JOURNALS

I take the privilege to present the hard copy compilation for the [Volume 3 Issue (3)] of Research & Reviews: Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. The intension of RRJoAST is to create an atmosphere that stimulates creativeness, research and growth in the area of Agricultural Science and Technology. The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. RRJoAST provides an outlet for Research findings and reviews in areas of Agriculture Science and Technology found to be relevant for National and International recent developments & research initiative. The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and research in the domain of Agricultural Science and Technology. Finally, I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/ Reviewer board and Authors for their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring writeups/ reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality Research/Reviews findings for our customers base. I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.

Dr. Archana Mehrotra Director STM Journals

Research & Reviews : Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology

Contents

1. Breeding Strategies of Self Pollinated Crop with Special Emphasis on Hybrid Rice: Present and Future Perspectives Sudhir Kumar, Mahesh Rao, N. C. Gupta

2. Appropriation of Tillage and Sowing Pattern for Enhancing Productivity of Bt Cotton R. K. Mathukia, B. K. Sagarka, B. M. Dabhi, D. M. Panara

3. Coping Strategies of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) Affected Small Poultry Farmers of Bangladesh Mohammad Zakirul Huda, Masuka Rahman, Md. Nazmul Hoque

4. Effects of Mulching on Yield and Quality of Tomato Varieties M. M. H. Tipu, M. Amin, M. Dhar, M. A. Alam

Research & Reviews: Journal of Agriculture Science and Technology ISSN: 2278-2206 (online), ISSN: 2349-3682 (print) Volume 3, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com

Breeding Strategies of Self Pollinated Crop with Special Emphasis on Hybrid Rice: Present and Future Perspectives Sudhir Kumar1*, Mahesh Rao2, N. C. Gupta2 1

ICAR Research Centre for NEH Region Manipur Centre, Imphal, India 2 National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India

Abstract Development of hybrid cultivar in crop plants is a remarkable success of plant breeding. Hybrid breeding technology is greatly applied in cross pollinated crop and is limited in autogamous self pollinated crop due to strict genetic makeup of plant and floral biology. Development of genetic male sterility system in various crop plants has overcome the problem of tedious hand emasculation. Cytoplasm genetic male sterility has been widely applied in hybrid seed production in rice and its success is favoured by availability of efficient CMS (Cytoplasmic male sterility) sources and restorer lines in diverse range of gene pool. Environment sensitive genetic male sterility (EGMS) and chemical hybridizing agent (CHA) has broaden the scope for using diverse range of parental lines in hybrid breeding programme and it could lead to development of high heterotic hybrid. Application of innovative technology such as molecular marker, somatic hybridization, and apomixis could lead to further improvement in hybrid breeding programme in future.

Keywords: Hybrid, male sterility, improvement, heterotic

Research & Reviews: Journal of Agriculture Science and Technology ISSN: 2278-2206 (online), ISSN: 2349-3682 (print) Volume 3, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com

Appropriation of Tillage and Sowing Pattern for Enhancing Productivity of Bt Cotton R. K. Mathukia*, B. K. Sagarka, B. M. Dabhi, D. M. Panara Associate Research Scientist, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India Abstract An experiment was carried out at Junagadh (Gujarat) during 2010 to 2012 to assess the response of Bt cotton (NHH-44) to three tillage practices (Conventional tillage i.e. cross cultivation + blade harrowing + planking, Ploughing + blade harrowing + planking, and Tillage through rotavator) and four sowing patterns (Flat bed sowing, Furrow sowing, Ridge sowing, and Paired row sowing). The results revealed that ploughing + blade harrowing + planking significantly improved growth and yield attributes viz., plant height, number of bolls/plant, single boll weight and seed cotton weight/plant and thereby increased seed cotton yield (2257 kg/ha) and stalk yield (5352 kg/ha along with higher net return (Rs. 69,183/ha) and B:C (4.08) over conventional tillage. The ridge sowing enhanced growth and yield parameters viz. plant height, number of bolls/plant, single boll weight and seed cotton weight/plant and ultimately increased seed cotton yield (2244 kg/ha) and stalk yield (5316 kg/ha), net return (Rs. 68,547/ha) and B:C (4.04) over flat bed sowing.

Key words: Cotton, tillage, flat bed, ridge, furrow, paired row

Research & Reviews: Journal of Agriculture Science and Technology ISSN: 2278-2206 (online), ISSN: 2349-3682 (print) Volume 3, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com

Coping Strategies of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) Affected Small Poultry Farmers of Bangladesh Mohammad Zakirul Huda1, Masuka Rahman2*, Md. Nazmul Hoque3 1

Agricultural Production Economics, Department of Agribusiness, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh 2 Department of Agribusiness, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh 3 JustusLiebig University, Giessen, Germany

Abstract A survey research was conducted in 2012 to assess the coping strategies of poultry in Gazipur district of Bangladesh. Using purposive and stratified random sampling technique a total of 100 poultry farmers comprising of 50 farmers from each upazilas of Sadar and Sripur of the same district were selected. Descriptive analytical method was done to find out the coping strategies of the selected farmers. A mixed coping response was found to be adopted by poultry farmers at the onset of HPAI (Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza) outbreaks. The adoption of asset divestment and farm closure were found to be occurred at later stages of the crisis. The incidence of decreasing the number of farmers needing to adopt each coping strategy over time indicates that with increased institutional response to the HPAI outbreaks, the livelihood impact of the crisis continues to decrease over time. Feedback was found that in the event of future disease outbreaks, poultry farmers are more likely to respond with desperation in the absence of effective intervention mechanisms. Likewise, in view of resource constraints, the identification of regional and sectorial differences in livelihood impacts is expected to inform the design of targeted HPAI impact reduction policies. Meanwhile, our findings can only be treated as an explorative basis for further investigation.

Keywords: Highly pathogenic avian influenza, risk coping, institutional response

Research & Reviews: Journal of Agriculture Science and Technology ISSN: 2278-2206 (online), ISSN: 2349-3682 (print) Volume 3, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com

Effects of Mulching on Yield and Quality of Tomato Varieties M. M. H. Tipu1*, M. Amin1, M. Dhar1, M. A. Alam2 1

Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Ministry of Agriculture, Dhaka, Bangladesh 2 Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute (BSRI), Ministry of Agriculture, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract A field experiment was conducted at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Hathazari, Chittagong to study the effect of different mulch materials on the yield and quality of tomato. rice husk mulch was found superior to sawdust, garden leaves and black polyethylene mulch in producing higher yield of tomato. Higher number of fruits per plant and maximum yield was recorded with rice husk which was 17.93% higher than the control (without mulch). BARI Tomato 14 in combination with rice husk produced highest yield (79.74 t/ha) highest TSS (6.67).

Keywords: Mulching, rice husk, tomato and TSS