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I take the privilege to present the hard copy compilation for the Volume 3 Issue (3) of Research & Reviews: Journal of Botany. The intension of RRJoB is to create an atmosphere that stimulates creativeness, research and growth in the area of Botany. The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. RRJoB provides an outlet for Research findings and reviews in areas of Botany found to be relevant for National and International recent developments & research initiative. The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and research in the domain of Botany. Finally, I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/ Reviewer board and Authors for their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring writeups/ reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality Research/Reviews findings for our customers base. I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.

Dr. Archana Mehrotra Director STM Journals

Research & Reviews : Journal of Botany

Contents

1. Histochemical Localization of Acid Phosphatase in the Haustoria of Two Stem Parasites Cassytha Filiformis L. (Lauraceae) and Cuscuta Reflexa Roxb. (Cuscutaceae) Rajanna L., N.S. Suresha

2. Plant Diversity Studies in the Rural Homegardens of Honnavar Taluk of Uttara Kannada District, Karnataka, India Shivanand S. Bhat, Rajanna L.

3. Diversity of Maize (Zea Mays) Along an Altitudinal Gradient of Kuloor Watershed Kumaun Himalaya, India P.S. Bungla, Lalit M.Tewari, R.S. Rawal, I.D. Bhatt, Kamal Kishor, Mamta Bharti, Jyoti, Brij M. Upreti, Neetu Bohra 19 4. Tissue Culture Studies on Bacopa monnieri: A Review Suman S

Research & Reviews: Journal of Botany ISSN: 2278-2222 (online) Volume 3, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com

Histochemical Localization of Acid Phosphatase in the Haustoria of Two Stem Parasites Cassytha Filiformis L. (Lauraceae) and Cuscuta Reflexa Roxb. (Cuscutaceae) Rajanna L.*, N.S. Suresha Department of Botany, Bangalore University, Jnanabharathi Campus, Bangalore-560056, Karnataka, India Abstract Acid phosphatases consist of a group of non-specific enzymes that hydrolyse a variety of organic esters with the liberation of phosphate ions. Sodium Îą-naphthol phosphate substrate is used to localise acid phosphatase activity. The activity of this enzyme was greatest at the sites of haustorial entry and in the region of the hausorial contact with the host vasculature. The presence of this enzyme at the region of interface indicates that it may directly involve with energy transfer reaction.

Keywords: Acid phosphatase, Haustoria, Endophyte, Stem Parasite

Research & Reviews: Journal of Botany ISSN: 2278-2222 (online) Volume 3, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com

Plant Diversity Studies in the Rural Homegardens of Honnavar Taluk of Uttara Kannada District, Karnataka, India Shivanand S. Bhat1,2, Rajanna L.3* Department of Botany, Bharthiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Department of Botany, Govt. First Grade College, Karwar, Karnataka, India 3 Department of Botany, Bangalore University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

Abstract Homegardens in the villages of Honnavar taluk is an integrated production system and a stable ecosystem that maintains the diversity of life as well as biological wealth. Honnavar is one of the Coastal Taluks of Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka state. The present study was carried out in 10 villages of Honnavar taluk namely Karki, Haladipur, Mannige, Allanki, Kavalakki, Idagunji, Navilgon, Kelaginoor, Manki and Kadatoka. Of the total 58 homegardens surveyed, 193 plant species were recorded and are distributed among 66 families. The most represented families are Fabaceae (12spp.), Apocyanaceae (11spp.), Cucurbitaceae (10spp.), Euphorbiaceae (10spp.), Acanthaceae (08spp.), Rubiaceae (08spp.), Solanaceae (08spp.), Verbenaceae (07spp.), Asteraceae (06spp.) and Rutaceae (06spp.) in order of decreasing number of species. The survey clearly reveals that the occurrence of medicinal (19.69%), ornamental (35.75%), vegetables (19.69%), fruit (15.03%) yielding plants and miscellaneous (9.84%) uses. Some plants considered as food are also used in culinary. Shrubs are the major life forms (66spp.) followed by trees (62spp.), herbs (33spp.) and climbers (32spp.). The minimum number of plant species recorded in a garden is 49 and the maximum number is 139. Species diversity depends on the size of the garden.

Keywords: Rural Homegarden, Plant Diversity, Honnavar

Research & Reviews: Journal of Botany ISSN: 2278-2222 (online) Volume 3, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com

Diversity of Maize (Zea Mays) Along an Altitudinal Gradient of Kuloor Watershed Kumaun Himalaya, India P.S. Bungla¹, Lalit M.Tewari¹*, R.S. Rawal², I.D. Bhatt², Kamal Kishor1, Mamta Bharti1, Jyoti1, Brij M. Upreti¹, Neetu Bohra1 1

Department of Botany, Kumaun University, D. S. B. Campus, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India 2 G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, Uttarakhand, India

Abstract Zea mays belongs to the family Gramineae (Poaceae) commonly known as Maize. Maize is another Kharif crop locally known as "bhutta," "ghokka," "makka" in the study area Kullor watershed. A total of six landraces of maize are grown in the study area and among these, highest frequency of cultivation (60%) is of the variety Lal and the lowest of Timasia and Pahari (6.6%) each. Considering that the studied watershed is representative of western Himalayan conditions, the results obtained on diversity and distribution of different landraces clearly indicate some of the traditional crops and their landraces are being given greater importance by inhabitants, for instance Lal (IV-95.1), Timasia (IV-38.8) and Safed (IV-31.9) among maize landraces.

Keywords: Maize, Kuloor Valley, Altitudinal Gradient, Landraces

Research & Reviews: Journal of Botany ISSN: 2278-2222 (online) Volume 3, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com

Tissue Culture Studies on Bacopa monnieri: A Review Suman S* Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India Abstract As the plants goes endangered due to overexploitation and anthropogenic activities, there is necessity to develop a technique to conserve them—micropropagation is one of them. To conserve Bacopa—a high economic value contained medicinal plant—different tissue culture modes are used. The growth agents were used at different concentration and high growth of regeneration was found. This review highlights the recent development and achievements made for the multiple shoots regenerated from different explants. As a result, the induction of multiple shoots from nodal segments were found highest in MS medium with 0.5 mg/L BAP + 2.0 mg/L Kinetin (Kn) and 0.5 mg/L Kn+1.0 mg/L BAP. Highest rooting was recorded on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L IBA. In leaf petiole, best growth was observed in MS medium supplemented with 0.25 mg/L 2,4-D+ 0.5 mg/L Kn and 0.25 mg/L 2,4-D+ 0.1 mg/L BAP.

Keywords: Micropropagation, Explants, Propagule, MS Medium