Research & reviews journal of ecology (vol3, issue2) by STM Journals Publication

May-August 2014

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Research & Reviews : Journal of Ecology (ISSN: 2278-2230) Focus and Scope Covers ? Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems ? Population Ecology, Meta Population Ecology, Community Ecology ? Food Webs, Biome, Relation to Evolution, Social Ecology and Coevolution ? Life process and adaptation ? Metabolism and the early atmosphere, radiation, heat, temperature and light ? Biogeochemistry, interactions between plants and their environment

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I take the privilege to present the hard copy compilation for the [Volume 3 Issue (2)] of Research & Reviews: A Journal of Ecology. The intension of RRJE is to create an atmosphere that stimulates creativeness, research and growth in the area of Ecology. The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. RRJE provides an outlet for Research findings and reviews in areas of Research & Reviews:A Journal of Ecology found to be relevant for National and International recent developments & research initiative. The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and research in the domain of Ecology. Finally, I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/ Reviewer board and Authors for their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring writeups/ reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality Research/Reviews findings for our customers base. I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.

Dr. Archana Mehrotra Director STM Journals

Research & Reviews : Journal of Ecology

Contents

1. Analysis of Plants uses in Kalsa Watershed, Western Himalayan Ecoregion, India N. K. Sharma

2. Effect of Artemia on the Reduction of BOD Level of Distillery Effluent â&#x20AC;&#x201C; A Short Communication S. Sujatha Rajasekar, M. Sethu, P. Lalithambigai, P. Gomathi Priya

3. Population Growth and Environmental Degradation in India A. Debata, Mita Debata, D. Panda

4. BIS Index Numbers for the Turbulence in the Environment & Ecology: Prediction of the Future of the Earth, Galaxies and Universe due to Intense Biological Processes of Infinite C* Character Tuhin Datta, Ritu, Madan Mohan Bajaj

5. Beyond Aesthetics: The Larger Role of Urban Forests in Our Lives: A Review Niyati Naudiyal

Research & Reviews: Journal of Ecology ISSN: 2278-2230 (online) Volume 3, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Analysis of Plants uses in Kalsa Watershed, Western Himalayan Ecoregion, India N. K. Sharma* Jharkhand Space Applications Centre, Second Floor, Engineerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Hostel-1, Dhurwa, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India Abstract The study was carried out to analyze the different use of plants in the forest areas of Kalsa watershed. Sampling was carried out in different forest types to record the diversity of plant species. A total of 48 trees, 43 shrubs and 83 herbs species of 72 families were recorded in different forest types. These species were evaluated for different uses based on the literature survey, interview conducted with local persons using the plants in their daily life for different purposes and traditional healers. All the plant species were categorized for different uses viz., medicinal, food, fiber, timber, fodder, fuel, oil, spices, gum and miscellaneous uses. Fifty eight species of 38 families were recorded for different medicinal uses, of which 45% were herbs. Computation of total plant value exhibited the highest value for degraded forest followed by temperate broadleaf forest, pine forest and temperate conifer forest. The results may be used by natural resources managers for decision making, planning and prioritization of areas for conservation.

Keywords: Medicinal plant, Timber, Fodder, Fiber, Plant use

Research & Reviews: Journal of Ecology ISSN: 2278-2230 (online) Volume 3, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Effect of Artemia on the Reduction of BOD Level of Distillery Effluent – A Short Communication S. Sujatha Rajasekar 1, M. Sethu1, P. Lalithambigai2, P. Gomathi Priya1* 1

Alagappa College of Technology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India 2 Presidency College, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India

Abstract Environmental pollution is one of the most important problems in this century and it’s mainly due to the increased industrialization. Industrial wastewater contains heavy pollutant and it should be treated before it is discharged into the environment. However, nowadays industries were not carrying out the treatment process properly due to the heavy cost of the treatment process. Nowadays, improperly treated effluent is rich in high BOD level and it causes the aquatic pollution and it is also responsible for the eutrophication problem. The present study evaluates the feasibility of using Artemia as a bio accumulator in reducing the BOD level of the distillery effluent. Biological organisms such as nauplii have been used as bio accumulators to reduce the BOD of the effluent. BOD was reduced from 60454.32 to 10074.08 mg/l using Artemia nauplii. Artemia nauplii (72 h) was capable of reducing the BOD in the distillery effluent to 75.5%.

Keywords: Artemia, BOD removal, Distillery treatment, Biological treatment

Research & Reviews: Journal of Ecology ISSN: 2278-2230 (online) Volume 3, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Population Growth and Environmental Degradation in India A. Debata1*, Mita Debata2, D. Panda3 1

DRIEMS Group of Institutes, Cuttack, Odisha, India Indira Gandhi Womenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s College, Cuttack, Odisha, India 3 Department of Biotechnology, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, Odisha, India 2

Abstract The review deals with understanding of relationship between population and environment when population is increased with several issues including poverty, urbanization, etc. Several studies deal with analysis of evolution happening for over recent fifty years. The study also confirms that the population growth of country is dependent on limited natural resource of that country. Survival is the major factor which depletes available natural resources. Due to increasing population, degradation of land happens. Increase in population size always related to increased production of energy and its consumption in India. When consumption of natural resources is more, it results in environmental issues including contamination of ground water as well as surface water, air and water pollution, increasing global warming, etc. The review also deals with reflections of certain policies, several efforts in controlling environmental issues including pollution.

Keywords: Population Growth, Consumption, Degradation, Pollution, Urbanization

Research & Reviews: Journal of Ecology ISSN: 2278-2230 (online) Volume 3, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

BIS Index Numbers for the Turbulence in the Environment & Ecology: Prediction of the Future of the Earth, Galaxies and Universe due to Intense Biological Processes of Infinite C* Character Tuhin Datta1, Ritu2, Madan Mohan Bajaj3 1

Department of Physics, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, University Enclave, Delhi, India Department of Mathematics, Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi, Lodi Road, Lodi Colony, New Delhi, India 3 Department of Physics & Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India

Abstract BIS is the so called breakdown of integrated system. Due to this breakdown BIS effect gets created and causes turbulence in the environment and ecological system. This causes natural occurrences like earthquakes, sea storms, hurricanes, tsunami, bird flu and internal changes like changes in genomic pattern. The mathematics of slaughtering living creatures is extremely complex, unpredictable and incomprehensible. However, finding BIS index numbers can help us in estimating the future of the earth, galaxies and universe. BIS index numbers are space time-dependent. In the present paper, our basic goal is to discuss these mathematical steps through which the universe along with the earth and other galaxies move towards debris.

Keywords BIS effect, BIS index number, K- theory, C* algebras

Research & Reviews: Journal of Ecology ISSN: 2278-2230 (online) Volume 3, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Beyond Aesthetics: The Larger Role of Urban Forests in Our Lives: A Review Niyati Naudiyal* Department of Natural Resources, TERI University, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi- 110070, India Abstract The aesthetically pleasing parks, gardens and city forests in an urban ecosystem provide the much needed hint of nature and natural beauty. Standing amidst the ever-expanding concrete structures, urban greenery is often overlooked in the planning and management of cities. The rampant expansions of urban areas especially in the developing countries is not only taking a toll on the quality of the life of the urban population but also has a tremendous ill effect on the flora of the region. Most of the damage to the urban forests stems from the fact that they are only perceived as a source of aesthetic beauty and therefore are not given due importance. Hence whenever it comes to choosing between a high profit infrastructural development and conservation of nature, the former seems to win. It is the need of the hour to look beyond just aesthetics and understand the various ecosystem services that the urban forests provide. The review highlights few of those positive influences like climate regulation, air quality enhancement, biodiversity conservation and provision of ecosystem goods/products. There are a multitude of services which are provided by urban forests and they should be studied in detail, for them to be incorporated in planning and management of cities.

Keywords: Urban forest, Urbanization, Cities, Ecosystem services, Climate