Research & reviews a journal of dentistry (vol5, issue2) by STM Journals Publication

ISSN : 2348-9561

(RRJoD)

Research & Reviews A Journal of

Dentistry Ÿ Nonsyndrome Multiple Supernumerary Teeth Ÿ Thermoplastic Resins: A Novel Approach to Removable Partial Dentures Ÿ Comparative Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength of Three Different Generations Ÿ Clinical Practice: The Differential Diagnosis of Dental Pain Ÿ Dentistry in the Hospital Emergency Room (ER)

May - August 2014

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Research & Reviews: A Journal of Dentistry (ISSN: 2348-9561) Focus and Scope Covers ? Dental Anatomy ? Oral Pathology and Pedodontology ? Prosthodontology and Dental Anesthesiology ? Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery ? Orthodontics ? Restorative Dentistry

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STM JOURNALS

I take the privilege to present the hard copy compilation for the Volume 5 Issue (2) of Research & Reviews: A Journal of Dentistry. The intension of RRJoD is to create an atmosphere that stimulates creativeness, research and growth in the area of Dentistry. The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. RRJoD provides an outlet for Research findings and reviews in areas of Dentistry found to be relevant for National and International recent developments & research initiative. The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and research in the domain of Dentistry. Finally, I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/ Reviewer board and Authors for their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring writeups/ reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality Research/Reviews findings for our customers base. I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.

Dr. Archana Mehrotra Director STM Journals

Research & Reviews: A Journal of Dentistry

Contents

1. Nonsyndrome Multiple Supernumerary Teeth Syed Ameer Haider Jafri, Sanjay Kumar Sinha

2. Thermoplastic Resins: A Novel Approach to Removable Partial Dentures Sakshi Madhok, Y.K. Pahariya, K.R. Khande

3. Comparative Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength of Three Different Generations of Adhesive to Dentin: An In Vitro Study Iftekhar H., Kumar A., Mishra S. K., Andrabi S. M., Tewari R. K.

4. Clinical Practice: The Differential Diagnosis of Dental Pain Edward R. Kirsh1, Paul J. Flaer

5. Dentistry in the Hospital Emergency Room (ER) Flaer P. J., Parkash J., Younis M. Z., AlRubai M., Mejia A. M., Prato Y., Cardenas A., Migliaccio C.

Research & Reviews: A Journal of Dentistry ISSN: 2230-8008 (online), ISSN: 2348-9561 (print) Volume 5, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Nonsyndrome Multiple Supernumerary Teeth Syed Ameer Haider Jafri1*, Sanjay Kumar Sinha2

Registrar, Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Dental Department, North West Armed Forces Hospitals, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2 Private Practice, Sinha Dental Clinic, Patna, India

Abstract Supernumerary teeth are described as the teeth formed in excess of the number found in a normal dentition. Multiple supernumerary teeth without any associated condition or syndromes are relatively uncommon. In this case report, a 22-year male showed the presence of multiple supernumerary teeth. The medical history was noncontributory, and an extra oral examination did not reveal any abnormality. This case was unique because of the presence of good intercuspal relation even in presence of crowding and impaction.

Keywords: Supernumerary tooth, Nonsyndrome, Impaction

Research & Reviews: A Journal of Dentistry ISSN: 2230-8008 (online), ISSN: 2348-9561 (print) Volume 5, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Thermoplastic Resins: A Novel Approach to Removable Partial Dentures Sakshi Madhok1*, Y.K. Pahariya2, K.R. Khande3 1

Asstt. Prof., Deptt. of Prosthodontics, Dr. Z.A. Dental College, A.M.U., Aligarh, India 2 Prof & Head, Deptt. of Dentistry, G.R. Medical College, Gwalior, India 3 Assoc. Prof, Deptt. of Dentistry, G.R. Medical College, Gwalior

Abstract Behind all complexities in the world stand simple solutions. In the present era of fixed prosthetic dentistry cast partial dentures are still being used owing to the anatomical and biomechanical constraints in the oral cavity. The difficulties encountered by patients with cast partial denture are an age old saga. The common problems are unaesthetic appearance of the clasp, rigidity of denture base resin, unavoidable tooth preparation, weight of the prosthesis, the lever effect causing abusive forces on the abutments, etc. Thermoplastic resins with inherent flexibility are the panacea for this problem. Therapeutic use of these resins has drastically sprung up in the last decade. Unlike the conventional technique of making dentures, flexible dentures are made by injection molding technique. Various thermoplastic resins are available in the market today. This article presents a review of thermoplastic resins with their properties and aims at the potential areas of application and advances in future.

Keywords: Thermoplastic resins, Esthetic clasps, Flexible denture, Injection molding technique

Research & Reviews: A Journal of Dentistry ISSN: 2230-8008 (online), ISSN: 2348-9561 (print) Volume 5, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Comparative Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength of Three Different Generations of Adhesive to Dentin: An In Vitro Study Iftekhar H.*, Kumar A., Mishra S. K., Andrabi S. M., Tewari R. K. Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dr Ziaudddin Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, AMU, Aligarh, India

Abstract The clinical use of resin composites has expanded considerably over the past few years due to increased esthetic demands by patients, new improved formulations, and simplification of bonding procedures. Novel resin composites benefits from improved filler technology and modifications of the organic matrix for a greater degree of polymerization .Improved marginal sealing around composites has reduced the frequency of unfavorable postoperative responses. The sealing ability of a composite restoration is directly related to the effectiveness of the adhesive system used, as the lack of bonding and inadequate marginal sealing may lead to restoration failure.

Keywords: Adhesives, dentin bonding, shear bond strength, nanocomposite

Research & Reviews: A Journal of Dentistry ISSN: 2230-8008 (online), ISSN: 2348-9561 (print) Volume 5, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Clinical Practice: The Differential Diagnosis of Dental Pain Edward R. Kirsh1, Paul J. Flaer2* 1

Private Practice of Endodontics, 1 S.W. 129th Avenue, Suite 402, Pembroke Pines FL 33027 USA; Co-Chair, Endodontics Section, Dade County Dental Research Clinic DBA “Community Smiles,” 750 N.W. 20th Street, Bldg. G-110, Miami FL 33127 USA. 2 Co-Chair, Diagnosis and Treatment Planning Section, Dade County Dental Research Clinic DBA “Community Smiles,” 750 N.W. 20th Street, Bldg. G-110, Miami FL 33127 USA.

Abstract In clinical dental practice, patients often present with pain in the oral cavity. While some oral pain may be generalized in nature, the clinician has to consider other factors that involve pain and discomfort. Many symptomatic teeth do not need endodontic treatment – on the contrary, they have undiagnosed occlusal problems, caries, fractures or referred pain. For the teeth needing endodontic treatment, this paper provides several modes of diagnostic methodology. The etiology of endodontic pain from the infected pulp consists largely of the following clinical factors: 1) Pulpal – Cariogenic microorganisms in the oral cavity exposing dental tubules and direct infection of the pulp chamber and root canals 2) Periodontium/Alveolar bone – Chronic periodontal disease exposing the apical foramen and/or accessory (lateral) root canals. 3) Alveolar bone – Cyst or granuloma formation at the apex reflecting chronicity of infection in the development and progression of degenerative changes that constitute periodontal disease and subsequent bone loss. Defective restorations, interproximal caries, and open proximal contacts acting as food traps create a locus for significant pathology. As a result of toxins released from the action of bacterial colonies on impacted food, plaque, and calculus, there is subsequently substantial inflammation, infection, and pain. Preventing food impaction by maintaining or restoring contacts between the proximal surfaces of adjoining teeth and repairing defective restorations are primary concerns in preventing the morbidity of oral infections. The development of endodontic infections and their sequelae produce active loci of disease that ultimately cause pain and negative involvement of the periodontium, pulpal tissues, and alveolar bone. Socioeconomic factors like lack of financial resources, lack of access to dental offices/clinics, lack of transportation, and cultural factors may limit the patient to receiving only pain-motivated dental care. In the long run, infection, inflammation, and tooth loss negatively impact the overall health of the patient.

Keywords: Diagnosis Endodontic Pain, Endodontic Methodology, Endodontic Therapy

Research & Reviews: A Journal of Dentistry ISSN: 2230-8008 (online), ISSN: 2348-9561 (print) Volume 5, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Dentistry in the Hospital Emergency Room (ER) Flaer P. J.1*, Parkash J.2, Younis M. Z.3, AlRubai M.4, Mejia A. M.4, Prato Y.4, Cardenas A.4, Migliaccio C.5 1

Diagnosis Section and Faculty, Florida Institute for Advanced Dental Education, Miami, FL 33127, USA 2 Public Health, Broward County, FL 33029, USA 3 School of Health Sciences, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39213, USA 4 Florida Institute for Advanced Dental Education, Miami, FL 33127, USA 5 University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA

Abstract Diagnosis and treatment of dental-related symptomology should be conducted with the understanding that dental conditions may influence the course and conduct of medical therapy. Many people with severe orofacial pain and/or swelling come to the local hospital ER for treatment of dental problems. The economics of health care in the United States is burdened by high-cost hospital ER dental visits largely by poverty level patients having few treatment options and limited opportunities for follow-up care. The aims and objectives of this article are to address utilization and policy concerns of the increasing use of the hospital ER for preventive and emergency dental visits. The article identifies what constitutes an “acute dental emergency” and promotes alternatives for dental treatment. The demography of patients seeking dental treatment at the hospital ER is described along with the growing concerns about the effects of this practice on the health care system. The authors provide recommendations for positive change in the existing environment of the provision of dental services by the hospital ER. The policy of governments at all levels, in the best interest of the public health, should address and provide for emergency dental care. The Federal Government should provide alternatives to the hospital ER dental visit by poverty-level patients with low cost insurance plans that mirror the medical coverage for everyone taken by “Obama care”.

Keywords: Hospital ER, Dental emergency, Socio-Economic Status (SES), Obama care