Research & reviews a journal of immunology (vol4, issue2) by STM Journals Publication

Research & Reviews: A Journal of

Immunology (RRJoI)

ISSN: 2349-1280

May - August 2014

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Dr Murali-Krishna Kaja Associate Professor University of Washington, 1742 Pacific Avenue Tacoma, Washington 98402 United States.

Dr. Durgadas Govind Naik Associate Professor International Medical School Management & Science University, Malaysia.

Dr. Ajit Singh Professor & Head Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, India.

Dr. Madhu Chhanda Mohanty Enterovirus Research Centre, Indian Council Ocf Medical Research, Mumbai 400 012 Maharashtra, India.

Dr. Rajpal Singh Kashyap Central India Institute of Medical Sciences 88/2 Bajaj Nagar, Nagpur, India.

Dr. Shailendra K. Saxena Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, (Council of Scientific & Industrial Research) Hyderabad, India.

Dr. M. V. Jagannadham Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, India.

Dr. Swati H. Shah Assistant Professor, B. J. Medical College, Pune, India.

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STM JOURNALS

I take the privilege to present the hard copy compilation for the [Volume 4 Issue (2)] of Research & Reviews: A Journal of Immunology (RRJoI). The intension of RRJoI is to create an atmosphere that stimulates creativeness, research and growth in the area of Immunology. The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. RRJoI provides an outlet for Research findings and reviews in areas of Immunology found to be relevant for National and International recent developments & research initiative. The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and research in the domain of Immunology. Finally, I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/ Reviewer board and Authors for their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring writeups/ reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality Research/Reviews findings for our customers base. I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.

Dr. Archana Mehrotra Director STM Journals

Research & Reviews: A Journal of Immunology

Contents

1. Compliance of Animal Bite Patients Managed by Intramuscular Route of Anti-rabies Vaccination Bhavesh Bariya, Sangita Patel, Kalpita Shringarpure, Malay Shah, Chakshu Joshi, Kedar Mehta, Vihang Mazumdar

2. Mumps Outbreaks in Vaccinated Population Durgadas Govind Naik

3. Validation of the Vitamin A Supplementation Data Reported Under Health Management Information System by the Primary Health Centres of Rural Vadodara Patel S. V. , Bakshi H. N., Mazumdar V. S., Popat C. N., Kotecha P. V., Dave M. G.

4. A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Intravenous Iron Sucrose Injection in Pregnancy with Severe Anaemia and Formulation of Educational Tool for Nurses Madhu Bala, Dr. Manju Chhugani, Bindu Shaiju, Dr. Monika Gupta

Research & Reviews: A Journal of Immunology ISSN: 2277-6206 (online), ISSN: 2349-1280 (print) Volume 4, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Compliance of Animal Bite Patients Managed by Intramuscular Route of Anti-rabies Vaccination Bhavesh Bariya1, Sangita Patel1*, Kalpita Shringarpure1, Malay Shah1, Chakshu Joshi1, Kedar Mehta2, Vihang Mazumdar1 1

Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Baroda, Gujarat, India 2 Department of Community Medicine, GMERS Gotri, Baroda, Gujarat, India

Abstract Rabies, a zoonotic disease, is one of the oldest diseases affecting humans. Intramuscular anti-rabies vaccination (ARV) has been the mainstay of management of postanimal bites for rabies. This prospective study was conducted at ARV Clinic of the District hospital (Jamnabai Hospital), Vadodara to know the compliance of animal bite patients managed by intramuscular route of ARV and the reasons for delay or missing the Scheduled dosage of the same. Out of total 250 patients, those who missed the scheduled dosage of ARV and never returned to the ARV Clinic were followed and their reasons for delay or missing the scheduled dosage were recorded. They were also enquired about whether they had received the scheduled dosage of ARV at any other ARV clinic or not. Compliance was seen in 62.8% of the patients. Compliance was highest in adolescent age group (10–19 years) and it was lower in patients >50 years of age. Compliance was more in below poverty line (BPL) patients than above poverty line (APL) patients. Personal or official workload, followed by patient’s forgetfulness about the scheduled date of vaccination were some of the main reasons for not coming regularly to the ARV clinic to receive next scheduled dosage of ARV. Compliance to ARV was low. It was lower in children (<10 years) and adults (>50 years). Affordability was issue for low compliance.

Keywords: Animal bite, Rabies, ARV, Intramuscular injection, India

Research & Reviews: A Journal of Immunology ISSN: 2277-6206 (online), ISSN: 2349-1280 (print) Volume 4, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Mumps Outbreaks in Vaccinated Population Durgadas Govind Naik* International Medical School, Management and Science University, Malaysia Abstract The available approved safe and effective vaccines have prevented millions of deaths. When compared to prevaccine era, more than 98% decrease has been recorded for many diseases like diphtheria, invasive Haemophilus influenzae, measles, rubella, rotavirus, and hepatitis A. Further, the successful global eradication of small pox and nearelimination of polio from most of the global regions underlines the importance of vaccination. The available literature on mumps reveals that it is far from eradication. The safe and effective measles–mumps–rubella (MMR) vaccine contains a strain of mumps virus. The recent mumps outbreaks in vaccinated population again brought focus back on vaccine doses and protective immunity to virus. There was no significant change in number of cases reported over the years. In the last 5 years, a shift in the age-specific incidence of the disease towards higher age has been found. Many of the outbreak investigation studies have indicated incomplete protection by two doses of mumpscontaining vaccine and possible waning immunity. The studies on outbreak investigations collectively call for efforts to maintain high two-dose vaccination coverage. Additional vaccine coverage may be considered to reduce large-scale mumps outbreaks. If additional dose is given, its justification, safety and effectiveness is required. Further, a study on mumps virus genotypes, its heterogeneity and immunological aspects is essential. A detailed investigation is required to study the possible antigenic differences between the vaccine strain and outbreak strain.

Keywords: Mumps, Parotitis, MMR vaccine, Outbreak, Vaccine preventable disease

Research & Reviews: A Journal of Immunology ISSN: 2277-6206 (online), ISSN: 2349-1280 (print) Volume 4, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Validation of the Vitamin A Supplementation Data Reported Under Health Management Information System by the Primary Health Centres of Rural Vadodara Patel S. V1.* , Bakshi H. N.2, Mazumdar V. S.1, Popat C. N.1, Kotecha P. V.3, Dave M. G.1 1

Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Medical College Baroda, Vadodara, India Department of Community Medicine, GMERS Medical College, Sola, Ahmedabad, India 3 A2Z Project India, New Delhi, India

Abstract The present study was conducted to study the Vitamin A supplementation (VAS) data reported by primary health centre/subcentre (PHC/SC) and validate them at the village level and assess quality of care during VAS. A sample of 20 PHCs, 13 rural and seven tribal, was selected using stratified random sampling. For every PHC, two SCs and for every SC, one village were selected. Data on VAS were collected from the PHC/ SC records and validated by interviewing five beneficiaries from the village. Process evaluation of VAS was done wherever possible to assess the quality of care. The district availability of Vitamin A was 62.4% while the overall accessibility was 90%. The coverage for the district based on the reported data, was estimated to be 61.7%. Since 80% of reported data could be validated, the adjusted coverage was estimated to be 49.3%. Process evaluation revealed that the process was followed correctly at 45.8% as per assessment score while only a part of this gap between the reported and validated data could be accounted for by the reasons justified by the service providers, a substantial part of it may be chiefly due to over reporting mainly to meet the dictated targets.

Keywords: HMIS, Data Validation, Vitamin A, Primary Health Centre

Research & Reviews: A Journal of Immunology ISSN: 2277-6206 (online), ISSN: 2349-1280 (print) Volume 4, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Intravenous Iron Sucrose Injection in Pregnancy with Severe Anaemia and Formulation of Educational Tool for Nurses Madhu Bala*, Dr. Manju Chhugani, Bindu Shaiju, Dr. Monika Gupta Rufaida College of Nursing, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India

Abstract A study to assess the effectiveness of IV iron sucrose injection in pregnancy with severe anaemia and formulation of educational tool for nurses in a selected hospital of New Delhi was conducted by Madhu Bala under the expert guidance, support and encouragement of Dr. Manju Chhugani Principal/ Working Dean, Ms. Bindu Shaiju Assistant Professor, Faculty of Nursing, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi and Dr. Monika Gupta Assistant Professor HAHC Hospital, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi towards the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of degree of Master of Science in Nursing , Jamia Hamdard during the year 2013 to 2014. The significant findings of the study revealed that the mean post-intervention Hb. level (10.57) of experimental group was higher than the mean post-intervention Hb. Level of control group (7.48) with mean difference of( 3.09) and standard deviation of (0.85) in post-intervention of experimental group and (0.71) in post-intervention of control group. The‘t’ value was computed and was found to be 3.1 which was higher than the table value of 2.00 at df (58)and at 0.05 level of significance. Thus the results showed that IV iron sucrose was effective in increasing the Hb. level in experimental group. The findings of the present study suggest that the administration of IV iron sucrose were effective in increasing the Hb. level in antenatal mothers with severe anaemia in pregnancy.

Keywords: Iron sucrose injection, Pregnancy, Severe anaemia