Research & reviews a journal of life sciences (vol4, issue1) by STM Journals Publication

Research & Reviews: A Journal of Life Sciences (RRJoLS)

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ISSN : 2348-9545

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Ashish Runthala Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, India.

Elena Zinovyevna Godina Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Moscow State University, Russian Federation Russia.

Dr. Francis Borgio Assistant Professor PG and Research Department of Microbiology, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Bangalore -27, India.

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Dr. Samuel Sunday Adebisi Human Anatomy Department Faculty Of Medicine Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria Nigeria.

Dr. Saber Mohamed Abd-Allah Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt.

Professor Satpal Singh Bisht Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, India.

Rama Shanker Dubey Professor Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, India.

Editorial Board

Dr. Shrikant Balkisan PhDBioprocess Technology Head, R&D Nurture Earth R&D Pvt Ltd Aurangabad Maharashtra, India.

Dr. Sushil K. Jha School of Life Sciences Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi, India.

Dr Baishnab Charan Tripathy Professor School of Life Science Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi , India.

Dr Pramod Kumar Yadav Professor School of Life Science Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi , India.

Dr. Ilora Ghosh Mondal Environmental Sciences, JNU New Delhi.

Dr. Shailendra K. Saxena Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, (Council of Scientific & Industrial Research) Hyderabad ,Andhra Pradesh, India.

Dr. M V Jagannadham Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad ,Andhra Pradesh, India.

Director's Desk

STM JOURNALS

I take the privilege to present the hard copy compilation for the Volume 4 Issue (1) of Research & Reviews: A Journal of Life Sciences (RRJoLS). The intension of RRJoLS is to create an atmosphere that stimulates creativeness, research and growth in the area of Life Sciences . The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. RRJoLS provides an outlet for Research findings and reviews in areas of Life Sciences found to be relevant for National and International recent developments & research initiative. The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and research in the domain of Life Sciences. Finally, I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/ Reviewer board and Authors for their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring writeups/ reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality Research/Reviews findings for our customers base. I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.

Dr. Archana Mehrotra Director STM Journals

Research & Reviews: A Journal of Life Sciences

Contents

1. A New Protocol for Analysis of Metal Absorption Capacity of Cyanobacteria Akshya K. Mishra, Samir K. Bhoi, Saumendra Ku. Dash, Mihir K. Das

2. Investigation on the Efficacy of Leaf Extract of Goat Weed, Ageratum conyzoides on NR Biophysiological Characteristics of Black Gram Vigna mungo Infected with Root窶適not Nematode Meloidogyne incognita Pavaraj M, Rajan MK, Baskaran S, Balaji S 5 3. Isolation, Production and Purification of Antibiotics Isolation from Microbes from Soil Jyotsana Nishad, Durvesh Kumar, Aman Chandra Kaushik, Dheeraj Yadav, Rahul Yadav, Shrikant Yadav

4. Role of Raman Spectrometry in Understanding Structure, Function, and Position of Lipids in a Cell Ashutosh Debata, Darshan Panda, Sandeep Dhuper

Research & Reviews: A Journal of Life Sciences ISSN: 2348-9545 Volume 4 Issue 1 www.stmjournals.com

A New Protocol for Analysis of Metal Absorption Capacity of Cyanobacteria Akshya K. Mishra, Samir K. Bhoi, Saumendra Ku. Dash, Mihir K. Das* Department of Botany, Gangadhar Meher (Autonomous) College, Sambalpur-768004, Odisha, India Abstract Cyanobacteria are one of the microorganisms that have high potential for removing heavy metals from the soil and water. They can sequester heavy metal ions in a short period of time through adsorption and absorption mechanisms. In the present investigation, authors have studied metal absorption capacity of cyanobacteria using a new method and a new instrument Electrolyter-1005, developed by the authors. From the result, it was concluded that Calothrix sp. is more efficient than Anabaena sp. for removal of HgCl2 so far as their EC50 value is concerned. It is also concluded that OAEAGPS value is useful in selection of species for industrial bioremediation programs. This Electrolyter-1005 instrument is very cost-effective so that it can be useful for microbiologists and environmentalists in their research purposes.

Keywords: Electrolyter-1005, bioremediation.

cyanobacteria,

heavy

metals,

industrial

Research & Reviews: A Journal of Life Sciences ISSN: 2348–9545 Volume 4, Issue 1 www.stmjournals.com

Investigation on the Efficacy of Leaf Extract of Goat Weed, Ageratum conyzoides on NR Biophysiological Characteristics of Black Gram Vigna mungo Infected with Root–Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita Pavaraj M*, Rajan MK, Baskaran S, Balaji S Post-graduate and Research Department of Zoology, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College (Autonomous), Sivakasi-626124, India Abstract Root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne sp. are economically important plant pathogens affecting root system that can be managed by cultural practices, chemical nematicides and resistant cultivars. Use of nematicides for the management of root knot nematodes is restricted due to environmental and human health concerns in addition to nematicides often being unable to provide long-term suppression of pathogens. Therefore, there is a need to develop alternate ecofriendly management strategies for the control of root-knot nematodes, including use of biocontrol agents, plant products and organic amendments. Hence, the present study was carried out to evaluate biophysiological characteristics, such as NR activity, total chlorophyll and phenol content of nematode infecting black gram Vigna mungo and treated with leaf extract of Ageratum conyzoides. The study reveals that the NR activity and chlorophyll content were decreased with increasing inoculum levels of Meloidogyne incognita (5 and 10 egg masses) and the phenol content was feared to increase with increasing inoculum levels of Meloidogyne incognita egg masses. In the inoculated plants treated with leaf extract these constituents were found be increasing than the inoculated control plants except the total phenol content. Keywords: Root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita, ageratum conyzoides, plant extract, phenol, chlorophyll, NR activity.

Research & Reviews: A Journal of Life Sciences ISSN: 2348-9545 Volume 4, Issue 1 www.stmjournals.com

Isolation, Production and Purification of Antibiotics Isolation from Microbes from Soil Jyotsana Nishad1*, Durvesh Kumar2, Aman Chandra Kaushik2, Dheeraj Yadav2, Rahul Yadav2, Shrikant Yadav2 1

Sai Nath Group of Education, Baroli, Agra, UP, India School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, UP, India

Abstract A chemical compound acting against life is called antibiotic. The term “antibiotic” literally means “against life.” The term appeared as early as 1928 in the French microbiological literature as antibiosis. The phenomenon of antagonism between living organisms was frequently observed even since 1877, when Pasteur and Joubert noticed that aerobic bacteria antagonized the growth of Bacillus anthracis. However, the word in its present restrictive meaning, “a chemical substance derived from microorganisms, which has the capacity of inhibiting growth and even destroying other organisms in dilute solutions” was introduced by Selman and Waksman in 1942. The goal is to isolate the antibiotic-producing microbe from soil and production and purification of antibiotics. To achieve the goal, soil sample from the rhizosphere of Tulsi was diluted by serial dilution method and plated on nutrient agar medium. Primary screening was done to check the zone of inhibitions. Strain from the zone of inhibition was picked up and pure culture was made by streaking method on plate: Crowded Plate Technique and slants for further analysis. Based on the above experimental study, the authors have arrived at the following conclusions:  Strain A-4 was found to be having better antimicrobial activity in comparison with other soil isolates, which have been investigated.  The morphological, biochemical studies of strain A-4 showed the characteristic features of the family Enterobacteriaceae The growth medium and parameters were optimized for maximum production of antibiotic from A-4

Keywords: Antibiotics, microorganism, upstream processing.

Research & Reviews: A Journal of Life Sciences ISSN: 2348-9545 Volume 4, Issue 1 www.stmjournals.com

Role of Raman Spectrometry in Understanding Structure, Function, and Position of Lipids in a Cell Ashutosh Debata1*, Darshan Panda2, Sandeep Dhuper3 1

DRIEMS Group of Institutes, Tangi, Cuttack, India 2,3 Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, India

Abstract Recent researches focus on the functional aspects of lipids as they equally perform with proteins and enzymes in metabolism and other biological processes. Lipids are fatty substances soluble only in alcohol and ethers but insoluble in water or other polar solvents. The Raman spectrometry is a proven technique used for proper understanding of the structure, function and position of lipids in a cell. The lipid study can be done using a home-built Raman spectroscope which is an additional advantage. When monochromatic light from a LASER source hits the sample lipids with a particular wavelength, the electron cloud present in the functional groups of sample tend to scatter light. This scattering of light is referred as Raman Effect that produces Raman spectra. Intensity of Raman spectra is directly proportional to the degree of unsaturation in the sample lipid in vivo. A study infers that the ratio of omega 6 to omega 3 should be high to avoid cardiovascular diseases, even cancer and other autoimmune diseases. Another study suggested that Mediterranean diets are suitable for consumption as they contain polyunsaturated fatty acids. In cancer diagnosis, Raman microspectrometric serves to be one of the tools in studying the lipid content in breast cancer cells.

Keywords: Raman spectroscopy, lipids, raman spectra, degree of unsaturation, cis and tranâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s configuration