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ISSN : 2348-7917

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Parameswarappa Shivappa Byadgi Department of Vikriti Vigyan, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi.

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I take the privilege to present the hard copy compilation for the [Volume 4 Issue (1)] of Research & Reviews: A Journal of Medicine (RRJoM). The intension of RRJoM is to create an atmosphere that stimulates creativeness, research and growth in the area of Medicine. The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. RRJoM provides an outlet for Research findings and reviews in areas of Medicine found to be relevant for National and International recent developments & research initiative. The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and research in the domain of Medicine. Finally, I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/ Reviewer board and Authors for their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring writeups/ reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality Research/Reviews' findings for our customers base. I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.

Dr. Archana Mehrotra Director STM Journals

Research & Reviews: A Journal of Medicine

Contents

1. A Study of Lipid Profile in Hypertensive Patients Venugopal L, V Dharma Rao, Ellareddy C, Dilip M Rampure

2. Clinical and Etiological Profile of Heart Failure Patients R. Sree Geetha, A. Hanumiah, B. S. Pandey, N. Ch. Venugopala Charyulu, DVC Shoban Kumar, Ch. Nagaraju

3. Clinical Profile of Dengue Fever with Its Acute Complications in Rural Population of Jaipur District Sushant Kumar, D. S. Mathur, Sunil Agarwal, Gaurav Kumar Nirwal

4. Effect of Diabetes Mellitus on Hearing Gurleen Kaur, S. P. Srivastava

5. Respiratory Tract Infection: A Focus on Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Lomati Venkata Pavan Kumar Reddy, Chirlu Venkata Raja

6. Ways to Deal with Stress through Ayurveda and Buddhism Shweta Dewan, Susantha Molligoda

Research & Reviews: Journal of Medicine ISSN: 2348-7917 Volume 4, Issue 1 www.stmjournals.com

A Study of Lipid Profile in Hypertensive Patients Venugopal L, V Dharma Rao*, Ellareddy C, Dilip M Rampure Department of General Medicine, Mamtha Medical college, Khammam, India

Abstract Hypertension is a non-communicable disease which is commonly prevalent in elderly population. Hypertension often coexists with an aberrant lipid profile and has been a pandemic globally, irrespective of the development of the country or community. Public awareness about the role of hyperlipidemia in decreasing the morbidity plays a pivotal role. The objective of this study was to examine the serum lipid patterns of hypertensive patients. This p r o s p e c t i v e study was carried out in the population of Khammam, Andhra Pradesh, during February 2013 and August 2013. 200 patients with hypertension in the age- range of 40–80 years are the study subjects while 400 age- and sex-matched individuals without hypertension are taken as control. 5 mL of blood was collected from each subject as well as controls after overnight fasting (12 h) by venipuncture. Serum was separated within 1 h and standard methods were followed for biochemical studies. Among the 200 patients studied, 172 were males and 28 females. The results of this study indicate a clear elevation of all the lipid parameters except for HDL. There is a 10–15% increase in triglycerides, S. Cholesterol, LDL, TC/HDL and LDL/HDL values. HDL values are decreased and significantly in females at lower age compared to males. Triglycerides too are elevated in females earlier as compared to males. The lipid profile in hypertensive patients is momentously altered as compared to that of controls. Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL, TC/HDL and LDL/HDL ratios were significantly elevated in patients with hypertension (p < 0.05). HDL is significantly reduced in hypertensive subjects (p < 0.05).

Keywords: Hyperlipidemia, hypertension, LDL, triglycerides, VLDL

Research & Reviews: Journal of Medicine ISSN: 2348-7917 Volume 4, Issue 1 www.stmjournals.com

Clinical and Etiological Profile of Heart Failure Patients R. Sree Geetha*, A. Hanumiah, B. S. Pandey, N. Ch. Venugopala Charyulu, DVC Shoban Kumar, Ch. Nagaraju Department of General Medicine, Mamata Medical College, Khammam, India

Abstract This study was undertaken to study the clinical and etiological profile of patients with heart failure at Mamata General Hospital, Khammam. This is a study of clinical and etiological profile of heart failure in patients of above 15 years of age, who were admitted in Mamata Medical College during the period December 2012 to November 2013. The incidence of heart failure (HF) in Mamata General Hospital is less compared to other cardiovascular diseases. The common age group for HF is between 45 and 65 years. The commonest cause of HF is ischemic heart disease (IHD) followed by HTN combined with IHD and then dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Other causes of HF are RHD, anemia, cor pulmonale, muscular dystrophy, and chronic renal failure. 2D Echo is essential for diagnosis and assessment of prognosis of HF. It is useful in IHD for showing regional wall motion abnormality and ejection fraction. It is also helpful in assessing the severity of valvular lesions.

Keywords: Cardiomyopathy, ischemic heart disease, anemia, hypertension

Research & Reviews: Journal of Medicine ISSN: 2348-7917 Volume 4, Issue 1 www.stmjournals.com

Clinical Profile of Dengue Fever with Its Acute Complications in Rural Population of Jaipur District Sushant Kumar, D. S. Mathur, Sunil Agarwal, Gaurav Kumar Nirwal* NIMS Medical College, Jaipur, India

Abstract Dengue is the most important mosquito-borne viral infection in terms of morbidity and mortality. In recent years, it has become a major public health concern. The present study was conducted on hospitalized adult patients of NIMS Medical College & Hospital with the aim to study the clinical profile and usual presentations of dengue fever. During the study of 75 patients of dengue infection, 18 had dengue fever (DF), 19 had dengue fever with unusual bleeding (DFB), 28 had dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and 10 had dengue shock syndrome (DSS). The mortality rate in the study was 1.33%. Maximum number of cases occurred in the month of September. Maximum number of cases occurs between the ages of 20 and 40 years and the median age of patients in this study was 25 years. The male: female ratio was 1.42:1. Fever was the universal symptom in 100% of the cases followed by bleeding in 53.33% of the cases, vomiting in 44% and myalgia in 40%. Vomiting and abdominal pain were commonly associated with the dengue shock syndrome group, i.e., in 80 and 70% of the cases respectively and hence regarded as alarm signals. Among the bleeding tendencies, epistaxis was the commonest in 32% of the cases. Tourniquet test was positive in only 16% of cases. Hepatomegaly was the commonest clinical finding in 38.6% of patients followed by bradycardia in 33.33% and petechiae in 21.33%. Haemoconcentration (HCT > 40) was present in 20% of the cases. The association of haemoconcentration with the dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (poor prognosis) group was statistically significant. The median hemoglobin concentration was 12.8 g/dL inspite of haemoconcentration. Thrombocytopenia (platelet count < 1 lakh) was present in 69 out of 75 patients (92%). Lower platelet counts (< 50,000) were significantly associated with more bleeding tendency and poor prognosis (dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome) group. Deranged prothrombin time was found in 40% of patients, the common laboratory parameters being leucopenia and proteinuria. Deranged liver function tests (SGOT/SGPT values > 40) were found in 80% of the patients and the association of higher values of SGPT/SGOT (> 100) with poor prognosis, i.e., likelihood of falling in dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome group was statistically significant. 100% patients in the dengue shock syndrome group had SGPT/SGOT > 40 of which 70% had SGPT/SGOT > 100. The ECG showed bradycardia in 37.5% of the patients. Three patients had ST-T changes suggestive of dengue myocarditis, also confirmed on Echo. Ultrasound examination showed gall bladder wall thickening due to edema in 79.2% of cases, it was a nonspecific, yet the commonest finding. Hepatomegaly was seen in 60.4% and pleural effusion in 16.7% of cases. Dengue was associated with neurological manifestations like encephalitis in two cases, of which one patient later had denguerelated myopathy, disseminated intravascular coagulation in two patients, renal failure in two patients, ST-T changes of myocarditis in three patients. Dengue was associated with other infections like plasmodium falciparum malaria (two cases), plasmodium vivax malaria (two cases) and viral hepatitis B (one case).

Keywords: Viral infection, dengue hemorrhagic fever, dengue shock syndrome, hepatomegaly, thrombocytopenia

Research & Reviews: Journal of Medicine ISSN: 2348-7917 Volume 4, Issue 1 www.stmjournals.com

Effect of Diabetes Mellitus on Hearing Gurleen Kaur*, S. P. Srivastava NIMS Medical College & Hospital, Jaipur, India

Abstract Jordao (1857) was the first to report sensorineural hearing loss in patients with diabetes mellitus. Jannulis and Delijan [1] were the first otologists who carried out hearing tests in diabetics and concluded that these patients suffered from progressive bilateral sensorineural deafness of gradual onset which predominantly affects higher frequencies in elderly subjects. The objective was to identify type of hearing loss, comparison of duration of diabetes and relation of HbA1c levels with it, to identify whether diabetics mellitus have a higher incidence of sensorineural hearing loss as compared to general population, to check the relationship of age, sex and prevalence of deafness in diabetes mellitus. Sensorineural hearing loss was found to be more common in the diabetic patients than in nondiabetic patients from the same institution. Poor control of diabetes, as measured by HbA1c laboratory data, correlated with worsening hearing in patients with diabetes who had sensorineural hearing loss. Sensorineural hearing loss was more common in patients with diabetes than in the control nondiabetic patients, and severity of hearing loss seemed to correlate with duration of the disease. This may have been due to microangiopathic disease in the inner ear.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, SNHL

Research & Reviews: Journal of Medicine ISSN: 2348-7917 Volume 4, Issue 1 www.stmjournals.com

Respiratory Tract Infection: A Focus on Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Lomati Venkata Pavan Kumar Reddy*, Chirlu Venkata Raja Department of Pharm-D, P. Rami Reddy Memorial College of Pharmacy, Kadapa-516003, India Abstract Respiratory tract infection (RTI) is considered as one of the most important public health problems in developing countries. Respiratory infections that occur in upper respiratory tract are seen with great frequency in both children and adults. RTIs are common cold, sore throat, sinusitis, laryngitis, pharyngitis, earache, and otitis media. Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are general illnesses that are often treated with antibiotics even though bacteria cause only 25% of cases. Transmission of organisms causing URTIs occurs by droplet, aerosol, or direct hand-to-hand contact with infected secretions, with consequent passage to the eyes or nose. Patients with acute sinusitis experience symptoms for more than 1 to 2 weeks after a common cold, including extreme purulent nasal discharge, maxillary toothache, headache, and joint facial pain. Staphylococcus aureus has revealed a disconcerting propensity to develop resistance to antimicrobial agents and has become an important dispute for the clinicians. Improper prescribing of antibiotics for URTIs is a leading cause of antibiotic resistance in common community-acquired pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae. Knowledge of the prevalent organisms and their current sensitivity is of great help in choosing an antibacterial.

Keywords: Morbidity and mortality, respiratory tract infection, sensitivity, upper respiratory tract infections

Research & Reviews: Journal of Medicine ISSN: 2348-7917 Volume 4, Issue 1 www.stmjournals.com

Ways to Deal with Stress through Ayurveda and Buddhism Shweta Dewan*, Susantha Molligoda Department of Basic Principles, National Institute of Ayurveda, Madhav Vilas Palace, Amer Road, Jaipur-302002 (Rajasthan), India Abstract All the people in the world are in a hurry which ultimately leads to various health problems. Various studies have proved that it is a very serious negative state of the mind. Scholars have argued that this state develops into a tendency to suicide [1]. Therefore, if anybody suffers from stress, it would be a burden to society. Everybody should try to prevent this condition. But it is not easy. So, through this detailed study of facts of Ayurveda and Buddhism, the main aim is to get more satisfactory and beneficial answers for this burden to the world. In this study, Ayurvedic elementary books and the books written regarding Buddhism, were referred to and analyzed in detail. Both Ayurveda and Buddhism consider manâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s mind and body as one entity.

Keywords: Buddhism, Ayurveda, Stress