Research & reviews a journal of microbiology & virology (vol4, issue2) by STM Journals Publication

ISSN : 2349-4360

Research & Reviews : A Journal of

Microbiology & Virology (RRJoMV)

May-August 2014

端 Variation of Antioxidant Properties of Tea Leaves 端

Antibiotic Susceptibility of Lactic Acid Bacteria

端

Hallmarks of Patients with Dengue Virus Infection

端

Isolation of Fungi from Infected Skin and Scalp

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Research & Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology & Virology

Contents

1. Altitude Related Variation of Antioxidant Properties of Tea Leaf (Camellia sinensis) Mustafi P., Siddhanta R., Choudhury S. S.

2. Antibiotic Susceptibility of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Bifidobacteria Formuzul Haque K. M., Yusof R. M., Obidul Huq A. K., Khaleque H. N

3. Increased Erythrocyte Osmotic Fragility and Serum Interleukin Eight Titers are Hallmarks of Patients with Dengue Virus Infection Patra G., Naskar A., Bhattacharya R. S., Mukherjee A., Ray Y., Bandyopadhyay B., Biswas A. K., Saha B., Mukhopadhyay S.

4. Isolation of Fungi from Infected Skin and Scalp Diana S., Roselin P., Sara A.G., Shailaja Raj M.

Research & Reviews: Journal of Microbiology and Virology ISSN: 2230-9853 (online), ISSN: 2349-4360 (print) Volume 4, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Altitude Related Variation of Antioxidant Properties of Tea Leaf (Camellia sinensis) Mustafi P., Siddhanta R., Choudhury S. S.* Department of Microbiology, St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Kolkata 700016, India Abstract Places, in the high altitude are subject to higher UV radiation as compared to places of low altitude, provided they bear the same latitudinal location. Here, in this investigation, the oxidative stress and associated cell protection in tea plants growing in Mysore (12°30′ N 76°65′ E, 770 m) and Ooty (Dodabeta – 11°4090′ N, 76°6966′ E, 2623 m) has been studied. The UV radiation varies in these two places – in Ooty it is measured during February, 2012 during the first flush of tea leaves. Such variations in UV irradiance cause oxidative stress in tea plants growing in both the places. Being exposed to this necessary evil, plants have evolved cell protective/repair mechanisms (viz. antioxidants) that equip them to grow and flourish under ambient UV radiation. The positive effect of UV radiation is affected by signaling of defense genes that confer cell protection. Such positive UV effects include signal transduced transcription (upregulation) of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL); this enzyme through the phenylpropanoid pathway causes the production of flavonoids that acts as a receptor of UV radiation. The molecular profile (with designed primer for PAL) shows intensified band pattern in case of high altitude grown tea clones. The compounds serve as biological “UV screens” in plants and also as scavengers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through redox reaction due to its possession of quinone rings. Flavonoids including free flavonoids as well as flavonoid glycosides, accumulating in plants in response to UV, are in turn cleaved by -D glucosidase that is also known to be enhanced in transcription under stress (presumably including UV stress) conditions. -D glucosidase in plants cleaves flavonoid glycosides into its aglycon and glycon moieties. Aglycone flavonoids possess antioxidative capacity. According to the data, the enhanced PAL and -D glucosidase activities are shown to increase. The total antioxidant potential, UV absorbing compounds are also higher in Ooty tea clones. Moreover, antioxidant compounds (flavonoid glycosides – detected by TLC) are higher in high latitude grown Ooty tea clones showing greater amount of reactive oxygen species scavenging. Thus, the altitude related variations tea physiology has helped them to adopt in the UV enriched condition.

Keywords: tea, flavonoids, antioxidants, reactive oxygen species

Research & Reviews: Journal of Microbiology and Virology ISSN: 2230-9853 (online), ISSN: 2349-4360 (print) Volume 4, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Antibiotic Susceptibility of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Bifidobacteria Formuzul Haque K. M.1, Yusof R. M.2, Obidul Huq A. K.3,4*, Khaleque H. N.5 1

Department of Nutrition and Food Engineering, Daffodil International University, Sukrabad, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh 2 Department of Nutrition and Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 3 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia 4 Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail, Bangladesh 5 Institute of Food Science and Technology, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh

Abstract Three Lactobacillus (LAB) strains, namely, LAB-3, LAB-11 and LAB-21 (species L. casei) and three Bifidobacteriam (BB) strains, namely, Bifi-11, Bifi-19 and Bifi-20 (species B. infantis) were grown in MRS broth and TPY broth, respectively. They were subjected to susceptibility tests against a range of antibiotics. The isolates were resistant to streptomycin, vancomycin, bacitracin, cephalothine, ceftizoxime, ceftriazon, cloxacillin, clindamycin, cefuroxime, cefuxime and tetracycline and kanamycin but susceptible to ampicillin, amoxicillin and chloramphenicol. With moderate susceptibility to carbencillin and centriazon. The results were compared to a B. infantis ATCC 25962 strain, which showed similar results.

Keywords: S. aureus, Lactobacillus, Antibiotic, microflora

Research & Reviews: Journal of Microbiology and Virology ISSN: 2230-9853 (online), ISSN: 2349-4360 (print) Volume 4, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Increased Erythrocyte Osmotic Fragility and Serum Interleukin Eight Titers are Hallmarks of Patients with Dengue Virus Infection Patra G.1,2, Naskar A.2, Bhattacharya R. S.2, Mukherjee A.1,2, Ray Y.2, Bandyopadhyay B.3, Biswas A. K.4, Saha B.2, Mukhopadhyay S.1* 1

Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Tropical Medicine, 108 C.R. Avenue, Kolkata 700073, India 2 Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Tropical Medicine, 108 C.R. Avenue, Kolkata 700073, India 3 Department of Microbiology, Virology Unit, School of Tropical Medicine, 108 C.R. Avenue, Kolkata 700073, India 4 Strategic Planning and Sector Reform Cell (SPSRC), Department of Health and Family Welfare, Government of West Bengal, India

Abstract To investigate serum IFN-γ and IL8 titers, osmotic fragility and membrane cholesterol, and protein composition of erythrocytes of dengue fever patients. Seventy seven confirmed dengue patients along with 69 patients with other febrile infection (OFI) and 77 healthy controls (HC) were included in the study. The osmotic fragility of red blood cells was monitored using different concentrations of sodium chloride. The quantification of serum IFN-γ and IL-8 was carried out using commercial ELISA kits at baseline (early phase) and after 7 days of the infection (late phase). The levels of cholesterol and total protein were assessed in red blood cell membrane. Statistical analysis was performed using statistical software. Significant differences were found between erythrocyte mean corpuscular fragility (MCF) of dengue patients vs. healthy control (p < 0.001). Considerable correlation (r = 0.8949, p < 0.0001) was established between cholesterol to protein ratio of erythrocyte membrane vs. MCF values. Significant differences in serum IFN-γ and IL-8 titers of dengue patients were obtained at early and late phase of the infection. A significant positive correlation had also been established between erythrocyte MCF values and serum IL-8 titers of dengue patients (p < 0.0001, r = 0.9288). Mean corpuscular fragility and serum IL-8 titers are important clinical laboratory parameters for monitoring dengue infection progression.

Keywords: dengue fever, erythrocytes, interferon-γ, interleukin-8, osmotic fragility.

Research & Reviews: Journal of Microbiology and Virology ISSN: 2230-9853 (online), ISSN: 2349-4360 (print) Volume 4, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Isolation of Fungi from Infected Skin and Scalp Diana S., Roselin P.*, Sara A.G., Shailaja Raj M. Department of Microbiology, St Francis College for Women, Begumpet, Hyderabad-500016, Andhra Pradesh, India Abstract The objective of this study was to isolate fungi from infected skin and scalp from persons suffering with dandruff. Skin scrapings were collected from patients of different ages and of both genders, suffering from various fungal diseases, and were transferred on to Sabouraud dextrose agar medium to isolate the fungi present in the infected tissues. The fungal colonies isolated were stained and observed microscopically to aid in their identification. Eight fungi were isolated from infected skin viz, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus oryzae, Ramichloridium schulzeri, Cladosporium, Trichophyton, Fusarium and Fonsecaea. Likewise, flakes were collected from the scalp of persons suffering from dandruff and grown on Sabouraud dextrose agar medium, Yeast extract mannitol agar (YEMA) medium and Corn meal agar medium to isolate fungi associated with dandruff. The fungal colonies isolated were stained and observed microscopically for their identification. Three fungi were isolated, Aspergillus niger, Trichophyton and Cladosporium.

Keywords: dermatophytes, opportunistic pathogens, infected skin, dandruff, immunecompromised