Research & reviews a journal of neuroscience (vol4, issue2) by STM Journals Publication

Research & Reviews A Journal of Neuroscience (RRJoNS) ISSN : 2348-7925

May - August 2014

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I take the privilege to present the hard copy compilation for the [Volume 4 Issue (2)] of Research & Reviews: A Journal of Neuroscience. The intension of RRJoNS is to create an atmosphere that stimulates creativeness, research and growth in the area of Neuroscience. The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. RRJoNS provides an outlet for Research findings and reviews in areas of Neuroscience found to be relevant for National and International recent developments & research initiative. The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and research in the domain of Neuroscience. Finally, I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/ Reviewer board and Authors for their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring writeups/ reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality Research/Reviews findings for our customers base. I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.

Dr. Archana Mehrotra Director STM Journals

Research & Reviews: A Journal of Neuroscience

Contents

1. Schwannoma of the Superficial Peroneal Nerve in 12 year female child-A Case Report Siddaram N. Patil, Dinesh Babu K. B, Sandeep Reddy, Divya Bandari,Gannerla Sudhaker, Pranavi V

2. Management of Hyperthermia in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients Parveen, Punita Sharma, Ugu Libang, Sukhpal Kaur, Manju Dandhapani

3. Parsing of Sensory Perception in Oscillatory Networks Through Cross Frequency Coupling of Memory Synchronization: Revelation of Enhanced Learning by Autistic Brain Ankush Rai

4. Protocol for Intrahospital Transport of Critically Sick Neurosurgical Patients Avondeep Dhaliwal, Meenakshi Agnihotri, Sandeep Mohindra

5. Nursing Management of a Patient with Increased Intracranial Pressure:A Review Latika Bajaj, Manisha Nagi, Sukhpal Kaur

6. Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Epilepsy Vinay Kumari, Maya Patlia

7. Improvement of Motor and Sensoryâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;Motor Behaviors after the Human Amniotic Epithelial Cells Transplantation in 6-OHDA Lesioned Corpus Striatum of Wistar Albino Rats Ravisankar Periyasamy, Ramesh Kumar Radhakrishnan, Muthusamy Rathinasamy

Research & Reviews: Journal of Neuroscience ISSN: 2277-6427 (online), ISSN: 2348-7925 (print) Volume 4, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Schwannoma of the Superficial Peroneal Nerve in 12 year Female Child: A Case Report Siddaram N. Patil*, Dinesh Babu K. B, Sandeep Reddy, Divya Bandari, Gannerla Sudhaker, Pranavi V. Mamata Medical College, Mamata General & Superspeciality Hospital, Khammam, Telangana, India

Abstract Schwannomas (or neurilemmomas) are related to hereditary disorder in some patients and arise from the neurilemmal cells in nerve sheaths as lobulated, encapsulated tumours. It is commonly found in the head region but extremely found in the deep tissues of the foot. Schwannomas are slow-growing, encapsulated tumours that can be separated surgically from the parent nerve. Occasionally, intralesional degeneration with fibrosis, haemorrhage, calcification and cystic necrosis occurs in large or long-standing schwannomas leading to a so-called ancient schwannoma. In case of an elongated cystic mass along the peroneal nerve, an intraneural ganglion is a more likely diagnosis.

Keywords: Nerve sheath, Superficial peronial nerve, Schwannoma, Neurilemmomas

Research & Reviews: Journal of Neuroscience ISSN: 2277-6427 (online), ISSN: 2348-7925 (print) Volume 4, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Management of Hyperthermia in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients Parveen*, Punita Sharma, Ugu Libang, Sukhpal Kaur, Manju Dandhapani National Institute of Nursing Education, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India

Abstract Hyperthermia is frequently seen in patients following head injury. It is associated with worse outcomes in the form of longer intensive care unit stay, increased intracranial pressure and lower Glasgow Coma Scale Scores. Therefore, maintaining normal body temperature is important in these patients. This study was aimed to determine the current practices of management of hyperthermia in traumatic brain injury patients. A retrospective study was conducted on 30 traumatic brain injury patients with temperature ≥ 38 °C in the neurology wards of a tertiary care hospital in India. Demographic profile sheet and temperature recording sheet were used to record temperature and its management accordingly. The findings revealed that the highest mean temperature was recorded in patients with subdural hematoma (38.3 °C). Different modalities of management for hyperthermia being used included cold sponging, oral paracetamol and intravenous paracetamol. While no intervention was initiated at a temperature of 38 °C, cold sponging was initiated at a mean temperature of 38.2 °C. Oral paracetamol was administered at a mean temperature of 38.3 °C and the most frequently used intervention was intravenous paracetamol which was given at the mean temperature of 38.7 °C. Monitoring of temperature plays an important role in examining the effects of interventions to manage fever. It is important to have a clear definition of fever in these patients so that interventions can be initiated early.

Keywords: Traumatic Brain Injury, Hyperthermia, Oral Paracetamol

Research & Reviews: Journal of Neuroscience ISSN: 2277-6427 (online), ISSN: 2348-7925 (print) Volume 4, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Parsing of Sensory Perception in Oscillatory Networks Through Cross Frequency Coupling of Memory Synchronization: Revelation of Enhanced Learning by Autistic Brain Ankush Rai* Department of Applied Science, CRIAD Laboratories, Smiriti Nagar, 490020, India

Abstract The brain faces many complex problems when dealing with multidimensional signals, which is usually experienced as unitary precepts. We used neuronal spike patterns to determine synchronization dynamics of neuronal activity for computer-generated color patterns in aid of synchronization of neuronal activity for memory formation in autistic subjects. In particular, this gives functional organization of neuronal circuits and interesting relationships between these oscillations and interneuronal coupling that suggest an enhanced mechanism for effective learning of visual patterns by autistic brain.

Keywords: Memory, Perception, Neuronal synchronization

Research & Reviews: Journal of Neuroscience ISSN: 2277-6427 (online), ISSN: 2348-7925 (print) Volume 4, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Protocol for Intrahospital Transport of Critically Sick Neurosurgical Patients Avondeep Dhaliwal1*, Meenakshi Agnihotri1, Sandeep Mohindra2 1

Division of Neurology and Neurosurgery Nursing, National Institute of Nursing Education, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India 2 Department of Neurosurgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India

Abstract Intrahospital transport (IHT) of critically sick neurosurgical patients is an inevitable part of patient care. IHT of neurosurgical patients for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures are more frequent than for other patients. During transportation, patients may face certain avoidable mishaps and complications. So, the use of a systematic protocol for transport may contribute to better management of neurosurgical patients. The aim of the study was to develop a protocol for safe IHT of critically sick neurosurgical patients. A Delphi technique was used to develop a protocol. A protocol was developed after collecting suggestions from 11 Delphi members in three Delphi rounds. The final draft of protocol was developed for transportation of neurosurgical patients that addresses the following elementsâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;pretransport coordination and communication, accompanying equipment, accompanying personnel, pretransport patient status assessment, monitoring during the transport, arrival procedures and documentation. We can ensure safe IHT of critically sick neurosurgical patients by following a systemically developed protocol.

Keywords: Intrahospital transport, Delphi Technique, Protocol

Critically

Sick

Neurosurgical

Patients,

Research & Reviews: Journal of Neuroscience ISSN: 2277-6427 (online), ISSN: 2348-7925 (print) Volume 4, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Nursing Management of a Patient with Increased Intracranial Pressure:A Review Latika Bajaj*, Manisha Nagi, Sukhpal Kaur National Institute of Nursing Education, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India Abstract Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is a common manifestation in the patients with neurosurgical disorders. It can lead to potentially catastrophic consequences, including permanent neurological damage and disability. Its prevention and management is of utmost importance in these patients. The current review is to evaluate the various strategies for management of increased ICP. Material for the present study was collected by reviewing various healthcare databases i.e., Cochrane review, Medline, CINHAL, Pub med, Science direct to identify various measures for the management of increased ICP. Approximately 50 articles were reviewed. Effective management of increased ICP involves meticulous avoidance of factors that precipitate or aggravate increased ICP. It has been documented that by elevating head up to 30ď&#x201A;°, decreasing cerebral edema by using osmotic diuretics and hypertonic saline (HTS), administration of oxygen, reducing cerebral metabolic demands, controlling seizures, maintaining temperature within normal limits, carefully performing respiratory procedures and appropriate nutrition can control the rising ICP. Nursing care of the patient with increased ICP can present many challenges for critical care nurses and hence a thorough knowledge of the dynamics of ICP and the factors associated with its increase is required to prevent progressive damage to brain tissues.

Keywords: Intracranial pressure, Management, Nursing care

Research & Reviews: Journal of Neuroscience ISSN: 2277-6427 (online), ISSN: 2348-7925 (print) Volume 4, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Epilepsy Vinay Kumari1*, Maya Patlia2 1

MM College of Nursing, MM University, Mullana, Ambala (Haryana), India 2 Indore College of Nursing, Indore (MP), India

Abstract Epilepsy is a common neurological disease and has no age, race, social, gender or geographical boundaries. Nearly 5% people in the world may have at least one seizure in their lives. At any point in time, 50 million people have epilepsy, especially in childhood, adolescence and old age. Major problems in epilepsy epidemiology are diagnostic accuracy and case ascertainment. The diagnosis of epilepsy has important physical, psychosocial and economic implications for the patient. Appropriate measures are needed to reduce the incidence, ensure adequate treatment of all affected persons, and prevent morbidity and mortality associated with epilepsy.

Keywords: Epilepsy, Seizures, Epidemiology, Diagnosis

Research & Reviews: Journal of Neuroscience ISSN: 2277-6427 (online), ISSN: 2348-7925 (print) Volume 4, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Improvement of Motor and Sensory–Motor Behaviors after the Human Amniotic Epithelial Cells Transplantation in 6-OHDA Lesioned Corpus Striatum of Wistar Albino Rats Ravisankar Periyasamy1*, Ramesh Kumar Radhakrishnan2, Muthusamy Rathinasamy3 1

Department of Anatomy, Tagore Medical College & Hospital, Rathina Mangalam, Vandalur Post, Chennai -600048, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Department of Anatomy, Dr. A.L.M.P.G.I.B.M.S, University of Madras Taramani, Chennai -113, Tamil Nadu, India 3 Department of Anatomy, S.R.M Dental College-Deemed University, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract Deficits in apomorphine-induced rotation and rotarod in rat have been proposed as a nondrug-induced model of the akinesia associated with the Parkinson’s disease. In the present study, we examined the disabilities in the rotarod and apomorphine-induced rotations have been observed after the 6-hydroxydopamine-induced denervation in the striatum. These impaired activities have reversed after the Human Amniotic Epithelial (HAE) cells transplantation during long-term observation. The neuronal densities and diameter were reduced in the 6-OHDA-infused striatum and the densities and diameter of the neurons were slightly increased after the HAE cells transplanted striatum. The HAE cells did not have any surface antigen to create the graft-versus-host disease. HAE cells from term human placenta express surface markers and genes characteristic of embryonic stem cells and have the ability to differentiate into all three germ layers, including tissues of endodermal origin i.e., liver. HAE cells possess the ability to differentiate into cells with characteristics of functional hepatocytes, in vitro and in vivo, thus representing a useful and noncontroversial source of cells for transplantation. In the present investigation, the HAE cells transplanted animals showed improvement on the motor, sensorimotor and muscular coordination.

Keywords: Human amniotic epithelial cells, Apomorphine-induced rotation, DiI labelling, Rotarod, 6-OHDA lesion