Research & reviews a journal of toxicology (vol4, issue1) by STM Journals Publication

(RRJoT)

ISSN : 2349-1264 Jan - April 2014

Research & Reviews A Journal of

Toxicology

타 Endosulfan-Induced Hepatotoxicity and its Amelioration by Administration of Bamboo

(Dendrocalamus Strictus) Seed Extract in Rats. 타 Levels of Environmental Pollutants and Urinary Levels of Environmental Pollutants and Urinary 1-Hydroxypyrene among Foundry Workers. 타 Production, Characterization and Toxicological Evaluation of Eco-Friendly Flavolipid Biosurfactant. 타 Cyto-toxicity of Silver Nanoparticles on A Bacterial Population Isolated From Lakewater.

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Dr Selvaraj Milton prabu Department of zoology,Annamalai university., India.

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Dr Seema Akbar AssistantDirector, Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine, the University of Kashmir Campus, Srinagar JK India.

Dr. Ilora Ghosh Mondal Environmental Sciences, JNU New Delhi, India.

Dr. Krishna P Gupta Indian Institute of Toxicology Research Carcinogenesis Division, India.

Dr. Urmi Chatterji Department of Zoology; University of Calcutta 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Calcutta, India.

Dr. Devyani Haldar Principal Research Scientist,University of Hyderabad Campus, India.

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I take the privilege to present the hard copy compilation for the [Volume 4 Issue (1)] of Research & Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology The intension of RRJoT is to create an atmosphere that stimulates creativeness, research and growth in the area of Toxicology. The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. RRJoT provides an outlet for Research findings and reviews in areas of Toxicology found to be relevant for National and International recent developments & research initiative. The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and research in the domain of Toxicology. Finally, I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/ Reviewer board and Authors for their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring writeups/ reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality Research/Reviews findings for our customers base. I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.

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Research & Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology

Contents

1. Endosulfan-Induced Hepatotoxicity and its Amelioration by Administration of Bamboo (Dendrocalamus Strictus) Seed Extract in Rats Naorem Chanu Sumedha, Achiraman S., Rajaganesh K., Milton Prabu S.

2. Levels of Environmental Pollutants and Urinary 1-Hydroxypyrene among Foundry Workers V. Dhananjayan, B. Ravichandran, R. Nithya, M. Palanivel, K. Kalaiselvi

3. Production, Characterization and Toxicological Evaluation of Eco-Friendly Flavolipid Biosurfactant K N Lokesh, Channarayappa, R V Karadi, Bindu Sadanandan

4. Cyto-toxicity of Silver Nanoparticles on A Bacterial Population Isolated From Lakewater Surabhi, Deepak Kumar, Chandraprabha M.N., Amitava Mukherjee

Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology ISSN: 2349-1264 Volume 4, Issue 1 www.stmjournals.com

Endosulfan-Induced Hepatotoxicity and its Amelioration by Administration of Bamboo (Dendrocalamus Strictus) Seed Extract in Rats Naorem Chanu Sumedha1, Achiraman S.2, Rajaganesh K.1, Milton Prabu S.1* 1

Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Bharathidasan University, Palkalaiperur, Tiruchirappall, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract Endosulfan is an important hepatotoxic agent that generates free oxygen radicals in liver and the incidence of toxic injury to the liver tissue in relation to its widespread has been reported. Bamboo is rich in phenolic components which possess various bioactivities and bamboo seed extract was found to have antioxidative properties. Hence, the present study has been designed to assess the protective role of bamboo seed extract against endosulfan induced hepatotoxicity in rat as the endosulfan can persistent to environment where its attributes lead to bioconcentration and biomagnification in certain food chains. For experiments male albino rats weighing 170–190 g were randomly selected and divided into four groups consisting of six rats in each group. The hepatotoxic effects of oral administration of endosulfan (15 mg/kg B.W) and hepato-protective effect of coadministration of bamboo seed extract (90 mg/kg B.W) with endosulfan daily for 10 days, were investigated in rats using serum hepatic marker enzymes, liver protein profile and histopathological study. The activities of serum hepatic marker enzymes (aspartate amino transferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase) in endosulfan treated rats increased significantly (p≤ 0.05) when compared to the control rats, indicating hepatic damage and it is supported by the missing protein band and microscopic examination of liver tissue where severe damage are exhibited. However, coadministration of bamboo seed extract with endosulfan significantly decreased (p ≤ 0.05) the activities of these enzymes when compared to the endosulfan treated rat, showing its hepatoprotective activity supported by the histopathological studies where the liver tissue is demonstrated with normal sinusoid(s) clearly visible between plates of uniform hepatocytes. The protective effect of bamboo seed extract on the liver was evidenced by altering all the changes induced by endosulfan.

Keywords: Endosulfan, bamboo seed extract, hepatotoxicity, serum marker enzymes

Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology ISSN: 2349-1264 Volume 4, Issue 1 www.stmjournals.com

Levels of Environmental Pollutants and Urinary 1-Hydroxypyrene among Foundry Workers V. Dhananjayan1*, B. Ravichandran1, R. Nithya2, M. Palanivel2, K. Kalaiselvi2 1

Industrial Hygiene & Toxicology, Regional Occupational Health Centre (Southern), ICMR, Kannamangala PO, Devenahalli TK, Bangalore, India 2 Department of Environmental Science, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, India

Abstract Environmental and biological monitoring was conducted to measure the Total Suspended Particulate Matter (TSPM), SO2, NOx and 1-OHP among foundry workers. Among the various sampling locations melting (2466 μg/m3) and fettling (2951 μg/m3) recorded higher concentration of TSPM. The concentration of NOx and SO2 ranged between 288– 352 μg/m3 and 3.11-10.97μg/m3, respectively. Among the various heavy metals analysed, the concentration of zinc and nickel was the maximum. Although the environmental monitoring study shows rarely higher values, many of the sampling was less than the recommended limits. Biological monitoring was conducted to measure the urinary 1Hydroxypyrene and know the exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon especially pyrene. The concentration of 1-OHP ranged from 0.01 to 0.21 μg/ml of urine. The results obtained in the foundries showed that the workers are exposed to particulate matter and other pollutants including polycyclic aromatic compounds. This study highlights the risk factor and other occupational related health issues and possibilities of health risk in the long run.

Keywords: Foundry workers, heavy metals, urinary biomarkers, 1-Hydroxypyrene

Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology ISSN: 2349-1264 Volume 4, Issue 1 www.stmjournals.com

Production, Characterization and Toxicological Evaluation of Eco-Friendly Flavolipid Biosurfactant K N Lokesh1*, Channarayappa1, R V Karadi2, Bindu Sadanandan1 1

M.S.Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India K.L.E.S’s University College of Pharmacy, Belgaum, Karnataka, India

Abstract At present majority of surfactants are chemically synthesized. Nevertheless, in recent years, much attention has been directed towards biosurfactants due to their broad range of functional properties, there are cheaper as they can be produced from alternative sources. They have applications in the fields, such as: oil recovery process, as an additive in food processing industry, pharmaceuticals preparations, energy saving technologies etc. As they are being microbial derivatives, it is relatively biocompatible and lesser toxic than chemically synthesized counterparts. In the present investigation the microbial synthesis of Biosurfactants using Flavobacterium sp. MTCC249 was performed. The optimized medium, i.e., modified mineral salt medium was used for production of microbial surfactants by replacing standard carbon sources with alternative carbon sources like sugar molasses, zatropa seed oil, pongamia seed oil, castor oil, waste frying oil and used motor oil. Non-conventional nitrogen sources like effluents obtained from milk diary, paper industry and leather processing industry were used for the production. The lab scale production was carried out in lab scale fermentor (Sartorious B-Lite model) under the controlled conditions of pH, temp and agitation. The recovery of microbial surfactant was performed by organic solvent method (Chloroform: methanol). The physicochemical properties of Biosurfactant were assessed by using various methods viz. HLB value (hydrophilic-liphophilic-balance), surface tension, CMC (Critical Micelle Concentration). The produced Biosurfactants was subjected for toxicological evaluation. The flavolipid Biosurfactant has shown potent antibiotic activity especially against Gram negative bacteria’s. In order to assess its compatibility with respect to biological subjects, Pharmaco-toxicological studies are carried out. The oral and dermal toxicity studies were conducted as per OECD guidelines using Whister albino rats. Flavolipid Biosurfactants does not exhibit any dermal or oral toxicity on preclinical model that established its safety criteria for biological evaluation.

Keywords: Flavolipid biosurfactants, modified mineral salt media, flavobacterium MTCC 2495

Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology ISSN: 2349-1264 Volume 4, Issue 1 www.stmjournals.com

Cyto-toxicity of Silver Nanoparticles on A Bacterial Population Isolated From Lakewater Surabhi2, Deepak Kumar1, Chandraprabha M.N.2*, Amitava Mukherjee1 1

Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, India Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India

Abstract Due to the increased industrial and consumer applications, there is growing concern regarding the possible risk associated with their environmental exposure. Silver nanoparticles are considered to be toxic both to environment and human beings after a permissible limit. The aim of the present study was to explore the difference in toxicity mechanism of Silver nanoparticles (NPs) at low concentrations (≤1 μg/mL), in a lakewater bacterial consortia containing Bacillus marisflavi and Bacillus thuringenesis. The cytotoxicity of the NPs was studied by performing several biochemical assays for the assessment of membrane permeability, cell viability, oxidative stress and secretion of exo-polysaccharides. It was found that there was generation of ROS when the silver nanoparticles interacted with the bacteria, which may have resulted in the decrease in cell viability.

Keywords: Silver NPs- silver nanoparticles, cytotoxicity, ROS, oxidative stress