Research reviews journal of agricultural science technology (vol3, issue1) by STM Journals Publication

(RRJoAST) ISSN 2349-3682 Jan - April 2014

Research & Reviews Journal of

Agricultural Science & Technology conducted

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STM Journal (s) Advisory Board & Editorial Board

Dr. Priyavrat Thareja

Dr. Rakesh Kumar

Head, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering department, PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh, India.

Assistant Professor, Department of Applied Chemistry, BIT Mesra, Patna, India.

Dr. Shankargouda Patil

Dr. Shrikant Balkisan Dhoot

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Prof. Subash Chandra Mishra

Prof. Sundara Ramaprabhu

Professor, Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department, NIT, Rourkela, India.

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Prof. Yuwaraj Marotrao Ghugal

Dr. Savo Vuckovic

Professor and Head Department, Govt. College of Engineering Station Road, Osmanpura, Aurangabad, India.

Forage production,NemanjinaZemunBelgrade, Serbia.

Dr. A.K. Srivastava

Dr. Rokolhuii Keditsu

National Research Centre for Citrus , Nagpur Maharashtra, India.

Assistant Prof, Department of Horticulture, School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development, Nagaland University, Medziphema Nagaland, India.

Editorial Board

Dr. Madhusweta Das IIT Kharagpur,Kharagpur, WB, India.

Gamal Abdel-Nasser Khalil Nasser KhalilSoil and Agricultural Chemistry Dept. Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha) Bulkily.

Vinod Kumar Suri CSKHPKV, Palampur, HP India.

Rintu Banerjee Agricultural & Food Engineering DepartmentIndian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, WB India.

Prof. Proshanta Guha Agricultural & Food Engineering, IIT Kharagpur, WB, India.

Ravikant Radhakant Upasani Agronomy Birsa Agricultural University Ranchi, Jharkhand, India.

Dr. Anjum Suhail Department of Agri. Entomology University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

Dr. Sohail Ahmed University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Pakistan, Pakistan.

Dr. M L Kansal Associate Professor (WRDTC), IIT Roorkee, Uttarakhand India.

Dr. R Kalaiyarasi UG Botany, Centre for Plant Breeding and GeneticsTamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.

Dr. Marina Macukanovic Jocic University of BelgradeFaculty of Agriculture, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia.

Professor Saket Kushwaha Agricultural Economics, BHU, Banaras, UP India.

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STM JOURNALS

I take the privilege to present the hard copy compilation for the [Volume 3 Issue (1)] of Research & Reviews: Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. The intension of RRJoAST is to create an atmosphere that stimulates creativeness, research and growth in the area of Agricultural Science and Technology. The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. RRJoAST provides an outlet for Research findings and reviews in areas of Agriculture Science and Technology found to be relevant for National and International recent developments & research initiative. The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and research in the domain of Agricultural Science and Technology. Finally, I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/ Reviewer board and Authors for their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring writeups/ reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality Research/Reviews findings for our customers base. I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.

Dr. Archana Mehrotra Director STM Journals

Research & Reviews : Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology

Contents

1. An Outline of Fertilizer and Water Saving Irrigated Rice K. Vanitha, T. Parthasarathi, S. Mohandass

2. Eco-Friendly Management of the Viral Diseases of Chilli (Capsicum annum L.) L. P. Awasthi, Samir Pratap Singh, D. Tripathi

3. Impact of Climate on the Development of Viral Diseases in Potato A. N. Chaubey, L. P. Awasthi, S. P. Singh

4. Regulation of Gene Expression by Phytochrome Darshan Panda

Research & Reviews: Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology ISSN: 2349-3682 Volume 3, Issue 1 www.stmjournals.com

An Outline of Fertilizer and Water Saving Irrigated Rice K. Vanitha*, T. Parthasarathi, S. Mohandass Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract As the demand of water for domestic, municipal, industrial and environmental purposes rises in the future, less water will be available for agriculture. We must therefore, find ways to increase the productivity of water used for irrigation. This paper reviews the literature on water saving irrigated rice. It identifies the reasons for the wide gap between water requirement and actual water input in irrigated rice production systems and discusses opportunities for bridging the gap both on-farm and at the system level. The potentials for water savings in rice production appear to be very large. Studies on the economic benefits and costs of alternative interventions are also lacking. Without this additional information, it will be difficult to identify the potential benefits and the most appropriate strategies for increasing irrigation water productivity in rice-based systems.

Keywords: Aerobic rice, drip irrigation, fertigation, submergence, water use efficiency.

Research & Reviews: Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology ISSN: 2349-3682 Volume 3, Issue 1 www.stmjournals.com

Eco-Friendly Management of the Viral Diseases of Chilli (Capsicum annum L.) L. P. Awasthi*, Samir Pratap Singh, D. Tripathi Department of Plant Pathology, N.D. University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad, India Abstract The infection and spread of viral diseases in chilli viz., mosaic mottling, distortion, leaf rolling, curling and the necrosis of apical and floral buds could be managed by fortnightly sprays with the aqueous leaf extract of Clerodendrum aculeatum, Azadirachta indica and filament extract of Cuscuta reflexa. The effectiveness of the botanicals was increased with increase in the number of sprays from one to six. In treated plants symptom appearance was delayed and disease incidence was reduced. In plants, which received six sprays with botanicals, all the growth and yield parameter viz., plant height and fruit yield were increased. Minimum disease incidence (33.66%), delayed appearance of symptoms (83.50 days), maximum plant height (55.39 cm), days to 50 per cent flowering (87.75 days) and maximum yield (596 g/plot) were recorded with six sprays of Clerodendrum aculeatum followed by neem leaf extract, at fortnightly intervals since transplanting stage.

Keywords: Botanicals, management, chilli

Research & Reviews: Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology ISSN: 2349-3682 Volume 3, Issue 1 www.stmjournals.com

Impact of Climate on the Development of Viral Diseases in Potato A. N. Chaubey, L. P. Awasthi*, S. P. Singh Department of Plant Pathology N. D. U. A. T., Kumarganj, Faizabad, (U.P.), India Abstract Vegetables play an important role in the human diet and provide a continuous source of income to the farmers. A numbers of viral diseases have been reported on potato crop by several workers in the world, which produced various types of typical disease symptoms. Mosaic and leaf roll are the major viral diseases of this crop which cause huge losses in yield as well as quality of tubers. The epidemiological factors played important role in the development of viral diseases in potato. Observations were recorded from the first appearance of the disease. In Kufri Ashoka variety of potato first appearance of disease was recorded in first week of December. The disease progress was slow up to fourth week of December and become rapid from first week of January. The maximum disease intensity (85.58%) was recorded in fourth week of January. Disease was favored by minimum temperature (6.2–7.3°C) and maximum temperature (23.7–26.0°C) along with maximum relative humidity (53.0–70.1).

Keywords: Potato, epidemiological effect, viral diseases, disease intensity *Author for Correspondence E-mail: lpawasthi14@gmail.com

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Research & Reviews: Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology ISSN: 2349-3682 Volume 3, Issue 1 www.stmjournals.com

Regulation of Gene Expression by Phytochrome Darshan Panda* Department of Biotechnology, Ravenshaw University Cuttack, India Abstract This review deals with the mechanism of Phytochrome action in regulating the expression of other genes. The PhyA and PhyB genes have the overlapping roles or there must be another Phytochrome species which are involved in the Phytochrome induction of CAB expression in these etiolated seedlings when they are exposed to red light. Double mutation of PhyA and PhyB potentially lowered the level of CAB mRNA in etiolated seedlings of Arabidopsis plant when they were induced by a red light pulse. This study suggested that these two genes Phy A and Phy B could be redundant to each other and therefore, other Phytochrome genes like Phy C, Phy D and Phy E could have mediated the expression of CAB in the etiolated seedlings of mutants. It is also clear that the supracellular signals could potential control the intracellular rhythmic patterns in a circadian system which is found in most of the plant cells. The processes such as photomorphogenesis and nuclear gene expression are mediated either directly by this Phytochrome A/B-PIF3 complex or indirectly by modulating the repressor complex systems such as COP, DET, FUS, HY5, etc. The location details about the gene products involved in the transduction mutants for the Phy A and Phy B pathways is not yet studied.

Keywords: Phy A, PhyB, CAB, CUF1, PIF3.

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