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Research & Reviews : Journal of Ecology (ISSN: 2278-2230) Focus and Scope Covers ? Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems ? Population Ecology, Meta Population Ecology, Community Ecology ? Food Webs, Biome, Relation to Evolution, Social Ecology and Coevolution ? Life process and adaptation ? Metabolism and the early atmosphere, radiation, heat, temperature and light ? Biogeochemistry, interactions between plants and their environment

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I take the privilege to present the hard copy compilation for the [Volume 3 Issue (1)] of Research & Reviews: A Journal of Ecology. The intension of RRJE is to create an atmosphere that stimulates creativeness, research and growth in the area of Ecology. The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. RRJE provides an outlet for Research findings and reviews in areas of Research & Reviews:A Journal of Ecology found to be relevant for National and International recent developments & research initiative. The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and research in the domain of Ecology. Finally, I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/ Reviewer board and Authors for their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring writeups/ reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality Research/Reviews findings for our customers base. I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.

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Research & Reviews : Journal of Ecology

Contents

1. Comparative Assessment of Tropical Basins in the Savanna and Rain Forest Ecological Zones for Crop Production in Nigeria Momoh L. Rilwani, Isi A. Ikhuoria

2. Effect of Artemia on the Reduction of Alkali Metals from the Distillery Effluent S. Sujatha Devi, P. Gomathi Priya

3. Phytosociological Analysis in Kumaun Himalaya using Satellite Remote Sensing with Special Reference to Woody Vegetation Richa Tripathi Sharma, S. Chaudhry, M. Kudrat, N.K. Sharma

4. Vegetation Analysis with Reference to Topographic Variables using Remote Sensing Data N.K. Sharma, G.S. Rawat

5. Warning Bell of Climate Change in the Lower Gangetic Delta Sufia Zaman, Abhijit Mitra

Research & Reviews: Journal of Ecology ISSN: 2278-2230 Volume 3, Issue 1 www.stmjournals.com

Comparative Assessment of Tropical Basins in the Savanna and Rain Forest Ecological Zones for Crop Production in Nigeria Momoh L. Rilwani1*, Isi A. Ikhuoria2 1

Department of Geography and Regional Planning, Ambrose Alli University, P.M.B. 14 Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria 2 Department of Geography and Regional Planning, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria; Currently Executive Director: Regional Centre for Training in Aerospace Surveys (RECTAS), Ile-Ife, Nigeria

Abstract This paper reviews the precarious situation of agricultural production in Africa and Nigeria specifically, in line with the emerging concepts of geoinformatics, precision farming and sustainable agricultural intensification. To illustrate the feasibility of operationalising these concepts in Nigeria, Ikpoba and Orle River basins (that are of the rain forest and savannah ecological zones, respectively) were classified into land suitability zones for the optimum cultivation of maize, cassava, yam and oil palm. The approach was based on the overlay analysis of updated land features from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and physico-chemical soil properties and soil nutrient attributes according to FAO guidelines and suitability models. Consequently areas in the basins that are highly, moderately and marginally suitable for the production of the selected crops were identified. Composite suitability classes were also established. A comparative assessment of the two basins indicated that Orle River basin was more suitable for the production of all the crops and thus possesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; higher potential for agricultural intensification and precision production of the selected crops than Ikpoba River basin. However, Ikpoba River basin has moderate potential for the production of oil palm and moderate to high potential for maize, with the possibility of all-year production due to the favourable rainfall regime. The constraining nutrient parameters for the production of each crop in the basins were as well as highlighted. It is advocated that the results of this study could serve as a framework for the articulation of precision farming and agricultural intensification strategies in the basins. Keywords: Agriculture, Land appraisal, Land suitability, River basin, Geoinformatics, Precision farming, Agricultural intensification

Research & Reviews: Journal of Ecology ISSN: 2278-2230 Volume 3, Issue 1 www.stmjournals.com

Effect of Artemia on the Reduction of Alkali Metals from the Distillery Effluent S. Sujatha Devi, P. Gomathi Priya* Department of Chemical Engineering, A.C.Tech, Anna University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India Abstract The present study evaluates the feasibility of using Artemia as a bioaccumulator in reducing toxic concentrates of the distillery effluent collected from the industrial area, near Chennai. Generally, the distillery effluent contains a very high amount of alkali metals (Sodium, Potassium, Calcium and Magnesium). Artemia being an efficient environmental adapter was able to thrive in the distillery effluent for 72 h. The physicochemical parameters such as pH, salinity of the distillery effluent are determined before and after the treatment. After the treatment, slight increase was observed in the pH (10.26 ±0.15) and salinity (10 ppt) compared to the control (pH 9.7 ±0.2, salinity 5 ppt). This suggests the invariable use of Artemia in the treatment of distillery effluent to reduce total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity. The percent reduction of alkali metals by 24 h Artemia Nauplii was greater compared to the 48 and 72 h nauplii. The greater reduction by 24 h Artemia Nauplii could be probably due to the formation of the anal opening in the later stage. The percent of alkali metals (Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium) reduced by 24 h Artemia Nauplii was found to be 34.71, 50.09, 54.11 and 42.61%, respectively.

Keywords: Alkali metals, Artemia cyst, Artemia nauplii, Bioaccumulation, Distillery effluent

Research & Reviews: Journal of Ecology ISSN: 2278-2230 Volume 3, Issue 1 www.stmjournals.com

Phytosociological Analysis in Kumaun Himalaya using Satellite Remote Sensing with Special Reference to Woody Vegetation Richa Tripathi Sharma1*, S. Chaudhry2, M. Kudrat3, N.K. Sharma4 1

Saraswati Kunj, Magistrate Colony, Doranda, Ranchi, India Institute of Environmental Studies, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India 3 Agriculture and Soil Division, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Dehradun, Uttrakhand, India 4 Jharkhand Space Applications Center, Ranchi, India 2

Abstract The present study deals with phytosociological analysis of woody vegetation (tree layer and shrub layer) of different forest types occurring in Kumaun Himalaya, Uttarakhand. A total 12 forest types were mapped using multiseason satellite data of IRS-P6, AWiFS sensor. Sampling was carried out in all the forest types to characterize the structure of forests in terms of abundance, density and dominance at different sites. The field data from different sites was pooled across site for different forest types and was arranged in girth classes. Among all the tree species maximum IVI was recorded for Pinus roxburghii and minimum IVI was observed for Dalbergia sissoo. Maximum density was recorded for temperate conifer forest and minimum density exhibited by degraded sal forest. Maximum total tree basal cover was observed for temperate conifer forest. However, minimum basal area was recorded for degraded low altitude oak forest. Different forest types were also evaluated for the similarity in species composition.

Keywords: IVI, IRS-P6, AWiFS, Remote sensing, Pine, Oak, Basal area

Research & Reviews: Journal of Ecology ISSN: 2278-2230 Volume 3, Issue 1 www.stmjournals.com

Vegetation Analysis with Reference to Topographic Variables using Remote Sensing Data N.K. Sharma1*, G.S. Rawat2 Jharkhand Space Applications Centre Second Floor, Engineerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Hostel-1, Dhurwa, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India 2 Environmental Change and Ecosystem Services (ECES), International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, G.P.O. Box 3226, Khumaltar, Kathmandu, Nepal 1

Abstract The study was carried out in Kalsa Watershed, Uttarakhand, India to analyze the vegetation composition, topographic attributes and distribution of different vegetation types in relation to topography. Remote Sensing data of Indian satellite IRS 1D-LISS III sensor was used to map vegetation and land use. Survey of India (SOI) topographic map was used to generate the Digital Elevation Model (DEM). A total of 10 vegetation and land use classes were mapped. Pine forest was recorded as most dominant forest type of study area. The study revealed the extension of pine forest in high altitude areas above its normal zone of occurrence.

Keywords: DEM, Slope, Slope aspect, Remote sensing, Uttarakhand

Research & Reviews: Journal of Ecology ISSN: 2278-2230 Volume 3, Issue 1 www.stmjournals.com

Warning Bell of Climate Change in the Lower Gangetic Delta Sufia Zaman, Abhijit Mitra* Department of Marine Science, University of Calcutta, 35, B. C. Road, Kolkata, India Abstract Climate change and subsequent temperature rise, sea level rise and acidification are the major threats to mangrove ecosystem of the world. Several researchers observed through short term and long term experiments, that climate change induced fluctuations of temperature, salinity and pH pose a serious threat to the coastal ecosystem. In this article, three basic indicators of climate change have been selected in the frame of Indian Sundarbans namely surface water temperature, salinity and pH of the aquatic sub-system to scan the pulse of climate change in this mangrove dominated delta in the lower Gangetic region. The ecosystem receives the tidal water from Bay of Bengal and thus serves as a natural experimental ground to observe the trend of the selected indicators over a period of more than two decades. Our investigation strongly confirms the foot prints of climate change in this delta region.

Keywords: Climate change, Deltaic complex, Salinity, Fishery