Research & reviews journal of veterinary science and technology (vol3, issue1) by STM Journals Publication

RRJoVST

ISSN 2349-3690

Research & Reviews: Journal of

Veterinary Science and Technology Ÿ Bacteriophages as Biocontrol Agents of Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens Ÿ Changes in Biochemical Profile in Hemorrhagic Gastroenteritis in Dogs

conducted

Ÿ Influence of Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) and Selenium Supplementation on Growth Performance in Broilers Ÿ Molecular Detection of Leptospira Using Polymerase Chain Reaction Based on LipL32 and rpoB Gene Ÿ Status of Some Essential Heavy Metals in Different Water Sources of Haryana State

Jan - April 2014

STM JOURNALS Scientific

Technical

Medical

STM Publication(s) STM Publication, a strong initiative by Consortium E-Learning Network Private ltd.(Estd. 2006) was launched in the year 2010 under the support and guidance by our esteemed Editorial and Advisory board members from renowned institutes. Objectives of STM Publication(s): ? Scientific, Technical and Medical research promotions. ? Publication of genuine Research/Review, Short Articles and Case Studies through proper review

process. ? Publishing Special Issues on Conferences. ? Preparing online platform for other print Journals. ? Empowering the libraries with online and print Journals in Scientific, Technical and Medical

domains. ? Publishing and distribution of books on various subjects which mainly falls in the category of

Nanotechnology, Scientific and technical writing & Environment, Health and Safety. Salient Features: ? A bouquet of 100+ Journals that fall under Science, Technical & Medical domains. ? Employs Open Journals System (OJS) A Journal Management & Publishing System. ? The first and one of the fastest growing publication website in India as well as in abroad for its quality

and coverage. ? Rapid online submission and publication of papers, soon after their formal acceptance/ finalization. ? Facilitates linking with the other authors or professionals. ? Worldwide circulation and visibility.

Research & Reviews: Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology (ISSN: 2349-3690) Focus and Scope Covers ? Animal nutrition and Animal physiology ? Livestock production and management ? Veterinary Genetics ? Breeding systems and Anesthesiology ? Treatment & prevention of diseases among animals ? Study of animal behavior

Research & Reviews: Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology is published (frequency: three times a year) in India by STM Journals (division of Consortium e-Learning Network Private Ltd. Pvt.) The views expressed in the articles do not necessarily reflect of the Publisher. The publisher does not endorse the quality or value of the advertised/sponsored products described therein. Please consult full prescribing information before issuing a prescription for any products mentioned in this publication. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system or transmitted in any from without written permission of the publisher. To cite any of the material contained in this Journal, in English or translation, please use the full English reference at the beginning of each article. To reuse any of the material, please contact STM Journals (info@stmjournals.com)

STM Journals (division of Consortium e-Learning Network Private Ltd. ) having its Marketing office located at Office No. 4, First Floor, CSC pocket E Market, Mayur Vihar Phase II, New Delhi-110091, India is the Publisher of Journal. Statements and opinions expressed in the Journal reflect the views of the author(s) and are not the opinion of STM Journals unless so stated. Subscription Information and Order: Cost of Journal: ? National Subscription: Rs. 3750/- per Journal (includes 3 print issues), Single Issue copy purchase Rs.1500/copy ? International Subscription: ? Online Only- $99, Print Only-$149 (includes 3 print issues) ? Online + Print-$199 (includes 3 print issues + online access of published back volumes )

To purchase print compilation of back issues please send your query at info@stmjournals.com Subscription must be prepaid. Rates outside the India includes speed delivery charges. Prices subject to change without notice. Mode of Payment: At par cheque, Demand draft, and RTGS (payment to be made in favor of Consortium E-Learning Network. Pvt. ltd., payable at Delhi/New Delhi. Online Access Policy A). For Authors: In order to provide maximum citation and wide publicity to the authors work, STM Journals also have Open Access Policy, authors who would like to get their work open access can opt for Optional Open Access publication at nominal cost as follows India, SARC and African Countries: INR 2500 or 100 USD including single hard copy of Author's Journal. Other Countries: USD 200 including single hard copy of Author's Journal. B). For Subscribers: ? Online access will be activated within 72 hours of receipt of the payment (working days), subject to receipt of

correct information on user details/Static IP address of the subscriber. ? The access will be blocked: ? If the user requests for the same and furnishes valid reasons for blocking. ? Due to technical issue. ? Misuse of the access rights as per the access policy.

Advertising and Commercial Reprint Inquiries: STM Journals with wide circulation and visibility offer an excellent media for showcasing/promotion of your products/services and the events-namely, Conferences, Symposia/Seminars etc. These journals have very high potential to deliver the message across the targeted audience regularly with each published issue. The advertisements on bulk subscriptions, gift subscriptions or reprint purchases for distribution etc. are also very welcome. Lost Issue Claims: Please note the following when applying for lost or missing issues: ? Claims for print copies lost will be honored only after 45 days of the dispatch date and before publication of the

next issue as per the frequency. ? Tracking id for the speed post will be provided to all our subscribers and the claims for the missing Journals will

be entertained only with the proofs which will be verified at both the ends. ? Claims filed due to insufficient (or no notice) of change of address will not be honored. ? Change of Address of Dispatch should be intimated to STM Journals at least 2 months prior to the dispatch

schedule as per the frequency by mentioning subscriber id and the subscription id. ? Refund requests will not be entertained.

Legal Disputes All the legal disputes are subjected to Delhi Jurisdiction only. If you have any questions, please contact the Publication Management Team: info@stmjournals.com; Tel : +91 0120-4781211.

Publication Management Team Chairman Mr. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director STM Journals, Consortium eLearning Network Pvt. Ltd.(CELNET) Noida ,India

Group Managing Editor Dr. Archana Mehrotra Director CELNET, Delhi, India

Internal Members Puneet Pandeya Manager Associate Editors Gargi Asha Jha Nupur Anand

Monika Malhotra Assistant Manager Assistant Editors Priyanka Aswal Aditya Sanyal Sona Chahal Himani Garg Himani Pandey

External Members

Dr. Bimlesh Lochab Industrial Tribology Machine Dynamics & Maintenance Engineering Centre (ITMMEC) Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India

Dr. Rajiv Prakash School of Materials Science and Technology, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India

Prof. S. Ramaprabhu Alternative Energy Technology Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, India

Dr. Rakesh Kumar Assistant Professor, Department of Applied Chemistry, BIT Mesra, Patna, India

STM Journal (s) Advisory Board

Dr. Ashish Runthala

Prof. Bankim Chandra Ray

Lecturer, Biological Sciences Group, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani Rajasthan, India.

Professor and Head, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India.

Dr. Baldev Raj

Prof. D. N. Rao

Distinguished Scientist & Director, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (ICGAR)Kalpakkam, India.

Dr. Baskar Kaliyamoorthy Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology Trichy, India.

Dr. Hardev Singh Virk Professor Emeritus, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, India.

Professor, Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.

Prof. Jugal Kishore Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.

Dr. Pankaj Poddar Scientist, Physical & Materials Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India.

Dr. Nandini Chatterjee Singh Associate Professor, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, India.

STM Journal (s) Advisory Board & Editorial Board

Dr. Priyavrat Thareja

Dr. Rakesh Kumar

Head, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering department, PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh, India.

Assistant Professor, Department of Applied Chemistry, BIT Mesra, Patna, India

Dr. Shankargouda Patil

Dr. Shrikant Balkisan Dhoot

Asst. Prof., Department of Oral Pathology, KLE Society's Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, India.

Head Research & Development, Nurture Earth R&D Pvt Ltd MIT Campus, Beed bypass road, Aurangabad, India.

Prof. Subash Chandra Mishra

Prof. Sundara Ramaprabhu

Professor, Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department, NIT, Rourkela, India.

Professor, Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India.

Prof. Yuwaraj Marotrao Ghugal Professor and Head Department, Govt. College of Engineering Station Road, Osmanpura, Aurangabad, India.

Prof. Dr. Ravi kumar Pentela Professor Dept. of Pharmacology& amp; Toxicology, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Annavaram, Andhra Pradesh India - 521 102

Prof. Dr. Hazim Jabbar Al-Daraji Professor University of Baghdad, College of Agriculture, Department of Animal Production Baghdad, Iraq.

Prof. Dr. Rama Devi Vemuri Professor & Head Dept. of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science, Korutla A.P. India

Editorial Board

Dr. Ashok Kumar Associate Professor, Department of Vety. Medicine LLR University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Hisar India.

Dr. Girish Kumar Mishra Assistant Professor College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Chhattishgarh Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya India.

Dr. Sandeep Kumar Gupta Scientist , Lala Lajpat Rai, Univ of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar India.

Dr. Pankaj Singh Bihar Veterinary College Bihar Agricultural University Bihar, India.

Dr. Shamsul Haque Professor & Head Department of Veterinary Medicine Birsa Agriculture University, Ranchi India.

Dr. Rashmi Rekha Kumari Assistant Profesor, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology Bihar Veterinary College, Patna India.

Dr. Gopala Reddy Professor & University Head, Dept of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Veterinary science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad India.

Dr. Kaushalendra Kumar Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Nutrition Bihar Agricultural University, India.

Dr. Aditi Dixit Assistant Professor, College of Veterinary Sci. Durg (C.G.) India.

Dr. Gyandev Singh Assistant professor, clinical complex, B.V.C Patna India.

Director's Desk

STM JOURNALS

I take the privilege to present the hard copy compilation for the [Volume 3 Issue (1)] of Research&Reviews: Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology (RRJoVST).The intension of RRJoVST is to create an atmosphere that stimulates creativeness, research and growth in the area of Veterinary Science and Technology. The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field RRJoVST provides an outlet for Research findings and reviews in areas of Veterinary Science and Technology found to be relevant for National and International recent developments & research initiative. The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and research in the domain of Veterinary Science and Technology Finally, I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/ Reviewer board and Authors for their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring writeups/ reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality Research/Reviews' findings for our customers base. I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.

Dr. Archana Mehrotra Director STM Journals

Research & Reviews: Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology

Contents

1. Bacteriophages as Biocontrol Agents of Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens Srinivasa Rao T., Lakshmi Kavitha K.

2. Changes in Biochemical Profile in Hemorrhagic Gastroenteritis in Dogs Raju Sharma, Ashok Kumar, Rajendra Yadav

3. Influence of Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) and Selenium Supplementation on Growth Performance in Broilers Reddy L.S.S.Vara Prasad, Leela V, Thangavel A, Raju K.V.S.N.

4. Molecular Detection of Leptospira Using Polymerase Chain Reaction Based on LipL32 and rpoB Gene Chandan S, Umesha S

5. Status of Some Essential Heavy Metals in Different Water Sources of Haryana State Kaushalendra Kumar, Neelam Kewalramani

Research & Reviews: Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology ISSN: 2349-3690 Volume 3, Issue 1 www.stmjournals.com

Bacteriophages as Biocontrol Agents of Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens Srinivasa Rao T., Lakshmi Kavitha K. NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram-521102, Andhra Pradesh, India

Abstract Foodborne bacterial pathogens continue to be a serious food safety problem worldwide. At present, the leading causes of death due to foodborne bacterial pathogens are Listeria, Salmonella, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Campylobacter jejuni. The process of making food safe is never-ending, and as a result, food safety experts, microbiologists, and industry insiders are constantly searching for new ways to improve the food safety system. Within the last few years, food growers and producers have begun to use a novel means of improving food safety through the use of bacteriophages. These phages, also known as lytic viruses, take up residence inside certain strains of foodborne bacteria, begin multiplying, and eventually destroy the bacterial cell. With todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s awareness on the use of fresh foods without chemical preservatives, there is a need for novel preservation strategies. Treatment with specific phages in the food industry can prevent the decay of products and the spread of bacterial diseases and ultimately promote safe environments in animal food production, processing, and handling. This review discusses the current status of use of bacteriophages as biopreservatives to prevent the spoilage of foods and to kill the foodborne pathogens.

Keywords: Foodborne pathogens, Listeria, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Campylobacter jejuni, Food safety, Bacteriophages

Research & Reviews: Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology ISSN: 2349-3690 Volume 3, Issue 1 www.stmjournals.com

Changes in Biochemical Profile in Hemorrhagic Gastroenteritis in Dogs Raju Sharma, Ashok Kumar*, Rajendra Yadav LLR University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Hisar-125004, Haryana, India

Abstract The present study was conducted on 40 dogs having hemorrhagic gastroenteritis. Blood biochemistry revealed decrease in sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus and glucose, with slight decrease in total serum protein, albumin and globulin, while there was increase in alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and blood urea nitrogen values. Following treatment there was increase in sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus and glucose values with a decrease in alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and blood urea nitrogen values.

Keywords: Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, Diarrhea, Biochemical profile, Dogs

*Author for Correspondence E-mail: aggar2050@hotmail.com

Research & Reviews: Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology ISSN: 2349-3690 Volume 3, Issue 1 www.stmjournals.com

Influence of Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) and Selenium Supplementation on Growth Performance in Broilers Reddy L.S.S.Vara Prasad1*, Leela V2, Thangavel A2, Raju K.V.S.N.3 1

College of Veterinary Science, Proddatur-516360, AP, India 2 Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, India 3 Dr.Reddyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Laboratories Ltd, Hyderabad, India

Abstract The present work was carried out to study the effect of dietary supplementation of Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) and selenium on performance in broiler chicken. A total of forty-two broiler day-old chicks divided into six groups of seven each were used for this study. O. sanctum leaf powder (0.25 and 0.5%), organic selenium (0.3 ppm) and their combinations were added to the basal diet. Body weight and feed consumption were recorded at weekly intervals. The mean body weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and cumulative feed consumption did not vary significantly (P > 0.05) among the groups during the trial period. It is concluded that dietary supplementation of O. sanctum at 0.25 and 0.5% levels and its combination with selenium (0.3 ppm) cannot significantly change the growth performance in broilers.

Keywords: Ocimum sanctum, Selenium, Body weight, Feed conversion ratio, Broiler chicken

Research & Reviews: Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology ISSN: 2349-3690 Volume 3, Issue 1 www.stmjournals.com

Molecular Detection of Leptospira Using Polymerase Chain Reaction Based on LipL32 and rpoB Gene Chandan S, Umesha S* Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore-570006, Karnataka, India Abstract Leptospirosis is an emerging disease for which culture and identification are partly unresolved. In fact, 16S rRNA-based sequencing is the most widely used PCR methodology that can detect such uncultivable pathogens. However, this assay has some limitations linked to potential problems of contamination, which hampers diagnosis. To overcome this, the authors have a simple PCR strategy involving targeting of the gene encoding the LipL32 and RNA polymerase Î˛ subunit (rpoB), a highly conserved enzyme. We report here a case study of Leptospira-infected samples; Leptospira has been isolated from biological samples. Leptospirosis is a septicemia bacterial disease affecting animals and human being, the infection may be symptomatic, mild or severe and acute or chronic. PCR assay targeting partial rpoB and LipL32 gene of Leptospira using primers, with a product size of 600 and 532 base pair long which are Leptospira specific, where rpoB detects both pathogenic and non-pathogenic and efficacy of LipL32 primer capable of amplifying conserved outer membrane protein (OMP) gene. LipL32 is the major leptospiral outer membrane lipoprotein expressed during infection. The sequence of the Leptospira rpoB gene was determined and compared with the published sequence. The findings have significant implications for the development of a new tool for identification of spirochetes, especially if clinical samples are contaminated.

Keywords: Leptospirosis, Polymerase chain reaction, Phylogenetic analysis, Lipl32, Rpob

Research & Reviews: Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology ISSN: 2349-3690 Volume 3, Issue 1 www.stmjournals.com

Status of Some Essential Heavy Metals in Different Water Sources of Haryana State Kaushalendra Kumar1*, Neelam Kewalramani2 1

Department of Animal Nutrition, Bihar Veterinary College, Patna, India Dairy Cattle Nutrition Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India

Abstract In order to assess the status of copper, zinc and iron in drinking water sources of animals of different districts of Haryana state, a survey work was carried out. All the districts were divided into two zones on the basis of different agro-climatic conditions. The present study was carried out with the objective to know the status of these trace minerals in feeds and fodders of all the districts of Haryana. At the same time, to know the status of these minerals in the animal body, samples of milk, hair and tissues were also collected. Water also gets contaminated with these minerals, due to corrosion of pipes, fertilizers, industrial waste, etc. So water samples from different sources, i.e., hand pump and tube well were also collected to see the content of Cu, Zn and Fe. Total 148 samples of water were collected from all the districts of Haryana. To check the contamination of water by trace minerals, the copper, zinc and iron content of water was estimated. The copper content of water from both hand pump and tube well was 0.037 ppm which was within a normal range. The zinc content of water from tube well and hand pump was 0.031 and 0.043 ppm respectively. These values were lower than the maximum permissible level of 5 ppm. With respect to iron, the value obtained was 0.29 ppm which is close to the maximum permissible level.

Keywords: Iron, Copper, Zinc, Water, Livestock, Haryana