Research & reviews journal of veterinary science and technology (vol3, issue2) by STM Journals Publication

RRJoVST

ISSN 2349-3690

Research & Reviews: Journal of

Veterinary Science and Technology Antioxidant Enzyme Status in Broiler Chickens Biochemical Assessment of Allantoic Fluid in Pregnant Sheep Biochemical Changes in Pregnant and Lactating Kilakarsal Ewes Role of Pheromones & Biostimulation in Animal Reproduction Treatment of Mange in Rabbits: A Case Report Torsion of Uterus as a Cause of Dystocia Mortality Due to Pasteurellosis in Calves

May-August 2014

STM JOURNALS Scientific

Technical

Medical

STM Publication(s) STM Publication, a strong initiative by Consortium E-Learning Network Private ltd.(Estd. 2006) was launched in the year 2010 under the support and guidance by our esteemed Editorial and Advisory board members from renowned institutes. Objectives of STM Publication(s): ? Scientific, Technical and Medical research promotions. ? Publication of genuine Research/Review, Short Articles and Case Studies through proper review

process. ? Publishing Special Issues on Conferences. ? Preparing online platform for other print Journals. ? Empowering the libraries with online and print Journals in Scientific, Technical and Medical

domains. ? Publishing and distribution of books on various subjects which mainly falls in the category of

Nanotechnology, Scientific and technical writing & Environment, Health and Safety. Salient Features: ? A bouquet of 100+ Journals that fall under Science, Technical & Medical domains. ? Employs Open Journals System (OJS) A Journal Management & Publishing System. ? The first and one of the fastest growing publication website in India as well as in abroad for its quality

and coverage. ? Rapid online submission and publication of papers, soon after their formal acceptance/ finalization. ? Facilitates linking with the other authors or professionals. ? Worldwide circulation and visibility.

Research & Reviews: Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology (ISSN: 2349-3690) Focus and Scope Covers ? Animal nutrition and Animal physiology ? Livestock production and management ? Veterinary Genetics ? Breeding systems and Anesthesiology ? Treatment & prevention of diseases among animals ? Study of animal behavior

Research & Reviews: Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology is published (frequency: three times a year) in India by STM Journals (division of Consortium e-Learning Network Private Ltd. Pvt.) The views expressed in the articles do not necessarily reflect of the Publisher. The publisher does not endorse the quality or value of the advertised/sponsored products described therein. Please consult full prescribing information before issuing a prescription for any products mentioned in this publication. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system or transmitted in any from without written permission of the publisher. To cite any of the material contained in this Journal, in English or translation, please use the full English reference at the beginning of each article. To reuse any of the material, please contact STM Journals (info@stmjournals.com)

STM Journals (division of Consortium e-Learning Network Private Ltd. ) having its Marketing office located at Office No. 4, First Floor, CSC pocket E Market, Mayur Vihar Phase II, New Delhi-110091, India is the Publisher of Journal. Statements and opinions expressed in the Journal reflect the views of the author(s) and are not the opinion of STM Journals unless so stated. Subscription Information and Order: Cost of Journal: ? National Subscription: Rs. 3750/- per Journal (includes 3 print issues), Single Issue copy purchase Rs.1500/copy ? International Subscription: ? Online Only- $99, Print Only-$149 (includes 3 print issues) ? Online + Print-$199 (includes 3 print issues + online access of published back volumes )

To purchase print compilation of back issues please send your query at info@stmjournals.com Subscription must be prepaid. Rates outside the India includes speed delivery charges. Prices subject to change without notice. Mode of Payment: At par cheque, Demand draft, and RTGS (payment to be made in favor of Consortium E-Learning Network. Pvt. ltd., payable at Delhi/New Delhi. Online Access Policy A). For Authors: In order to provide maximum citation and wide publicity to the authors work, STM Journals also have Open Access Policy, authors who would like to get their work open access can opt for Optional Open Access publication at nominal cost as follows India, SAARC and African Countries: INR 2500 or 100 USD including single hard copy of Author's Journal. Other Countries: USD 200 including single hard copy of Author's Journal. B). For Subscribers: ? Online access will be activated within 72 hours of receipt of the payment (working days), subject to receipt of

correct information on user details/Static IP address of the subscriber. ? The access will be blocked: ? If the user requests for the same and furnishes valid reasons for blocking. ? Due to technical issue. ? Misuse of the access rights as per the access policy.

Advertising and Commercial Reprint Inquiries: STM Journals with wide circulation and visibility offer an excellent media for showcasing/promotion of your products/services and the events-namely, Conferences, Symposia/Seminars etc. These journals have very high potential to deliver the message across the targeted audience regularly with each published issue. The advertisements on bulk subscriptions, gift subscriptions or reprint purchases for distribution etc. are also very welcome. Lost Issue Claims: Please note the following when applying for lost or missing issues: ? Claims for print copies lost will be honored only after 45 days of the dispatch date and before publication of the

next issue as per the frequency. ? Tracking id for the speed post will be provided to all our subscribers and the claims for the missing Journals will

be entertained only with the proofs which will be verified at both the ends. ? Claims filed due to insufficient (or no notice) of change of address will not be honored. ? Change of Address of Dispatch should be intimated to STM Journals at least 2 months prior to the dispatch

schedule as per the frequency by mentioning subscriber id and the subscription id. ? Refund requests will not be entertained.

Legal Disputes All the legal disputes are subjected to Delhi Jurisdiction only. If you have any questions, please contact the Publication Management Team: info@stmjournals.com; Tel : +91 0120-4781211.

Publication Management Team Chairman Mr. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director STM Journals, Consortium eLearning Network Pvt. Ltd.(CELNET) Noida ,India

Group Managing Editor Dr. Archana Mehrotra Director CELNET, Delhi, India

Internal Members Puneet Pandeya Manager Associate Editors Gargi Asha Jha Nupur Anand

Monika Malhotra Assistant Manager Assistant Editors Priyanka Aswal Aditya Sanyal Anupama Garg Sona Chahal Himani Pandey

External Members

Dr. Bimlesh Lochab Industrial Tribology Machine Dynamics & Maintenance Engineering Centre (ITMMEC) Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India

Dr. Rajiv Prakash School of Materials Science and Technology, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India

Prof. S. Ramaprabhu Alternative Energy Technology Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, India

Dr. Rakesh Kumar Assistant Professor, Department of Applied Chemistry, BIT Mesra, Patna, India

STM Journal (s) Advisory Board

Dr. Baldev Raj Chairman, National Institute of Technology Puducherry, India. Former Director, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, India.

Prof. Bankim Chandra Ray Professor and Head, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India.

Dr. Hardev Singh Virk Professor Emeritus, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, India.

Dr. Baskar Kaliyamoorthy Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology Trichy, India.

Prof. D. N. Rao Professor, Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.

Prof. Jugal Kishore Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.

Dr. Ashish Runthala

Dr. Pankaj Poddar

Lecturer, Biological Sciences Group, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani Rajasthan, India.

Scientist, Physical & Materials Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India.

Dr. Nandini Chatterjee Singh Associate Professor, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, India.

STM Journal (s) Advisory Board & Editorial Board

Dr. Priyavrat Thareja

Dr. Rakesh Kumar

Head, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering department, PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh, India.

Assistant Professor, Department of Applied Chemistry, BIT Mesra, Patna, India

Dr. Shankargouda Patil

Dr. Shrikant Balkisan Dhoot

Asst. Prof., Department of Oral Pathology, KLE Society's Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, India.

Head Research & Development, Nurture Earth R&D Pvt Ltd MIT Campus, Beed bypass road, Aurangabad, India.

Prof. Subash Chandra Mishra

Prof. Sundara Ramaprabhu

Professor, Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department, NIT, Rourkela, India.

Professor, Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India.

Prof. Yuwaraj Marotrao Ghugal Professor and Head Department, Govt. College of Engineering Station Road, Osmanpura, Aurangabad, India.

Prof. Dr. Ravi kumar Pentela Professor Dept. of Pharmacology& amp; Toxicology, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Annavaram, Andhra Pradesh India - 521 102

Prof. Dr. Hazim Jabbar Al-Daraji Professor University of Baghdad, College of Agriculture, Department of Animal Production Baghdad, Iraq.

Prof. Dr. Rama Devi Vemuri Professor & Head Dept. of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science, Korutla A.P. India

Editorial Board

Dr. Ashok Kumar Associate Professor, Department of Vety. Medicine LLR University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Hisar India.

Dr. Girish Kumar Mishra Assistant Professor College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Chhattishgarh Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya India.

Dr. Sandeep Kumar Gupta Scientist , Lala Lajpat Rai, Univ of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar India.

Dr. Pankaj Singh Bihar Veterinary College Bihar Agricultural University Bihar, India.

Dr. Shamsul Haque Professor & Head Department of Veterinary Medicine Birsa Agriculture University, Ranchi India.

Dr. Rashmi Rekha Kumari Assistant Profesor, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology Bihar Veterinary College, Patna India.

Dr. Gopala Reddy Professor & University Head, Dept of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Veterinary science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad India.

Dr. Kaushalendra Kumar Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Nutrition Bihar Agricultural University, India.

Dr. Aditi Dixit Assistant Professor, College of Veterinary Sci. Durg (C.G.) India.

Dr. Gyandev Singh Assistant professor, clinical complex, B.V.C Patna India.

Director's Desk

STM JOURNALS

I take the privilege to present the hard copy compilation for the [Volume 3 Issue (2)] of Research&Reviews: Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology (RRJoVST).The intension of RRJoVST is to create an atmosphere that stimulates creativeness, research and growth in the area of Veterinary Science and Technology. The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field RRJoVST provides an outlet for Research findings and reviews in areas of Veterinary Science and Technology found to be relevant for National and International recent developments & research initiative. The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and research in the domain of Veterinary Science and Technology Finally, I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/ Reviewer board and Authors for their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring writeups/ reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality Research/Reviews' findings for our customers base. I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.

Dr. Archana Mehrotra Director STM Journals

Research & Reviews: Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology

Contents

1. Antioxidant Enzyme Status in Broiler Chickens: Role of Dietary Supplementation of Ocimum sanctum, Ocimum basilicum with Organic Selenium V. Leela, L. S. S Varaprasad Reddy, G. Suganya, K. Loganathasamy, C. Devaraj

2. Biochemical Assessment of Allantoic Fluid during Different Stages of Pregnancy in Madras Red Sheep C. Devaraj, V. Leela

3. Biochemical Profile of Kilakarsal Ewes during Pregnancy, Post-partum, Lactation and Dry Period M. Sundara Vinayaki, V. S. Gomathy, C. Devaraj

4. Role of Pheromones and Biostimulation in Animal Reproduction-An Overview R. P. Tiwari, Abrar Ahmed, G. K. Mishra

5. Treatment of Mange in Rabbits: A Case Report Aditi A. Dixit, M. L. V. Rao, G. Das, Kabita Roy, Virendra K. Thawait, Vijay Bhaskar U.

6. Torsion of Uterus as a Cause of Dystocia in a Nellore Brown Ewe K. Jyothi, M. Mutha Rao, Y. V. Pridhvidhar Reddy, A. Ganesan

7. Mortality Due to Pasteurellosis in Calves Sanjiv Kumar, S. Samantaray, D. Kumar, S. Kumari, R. Kapur

Research & Reviews: Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology ISSN: 2319-3441 (online), ISSN: 2349-3690 (print) Volume 3, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Antioxidant Enzyme Status in Broiler Chickens: Role of Dietary Supplementation of Ocimum sanctum, Ocimum basilicum with Organic Selenium V. Leela, L. S. S Varaprasad Reddy, G. Suganya, K. Loganathasamy, C. Devaraj* Department of Veterinary Physiology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India

Abstract An experiment was conducted in broiler chicken to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of Ocimum sanctum, Ocimum basilicum and selenium on antioxidative enzyme levels. Total of forty two broiler chickens of day old divided into 6 groups of 7 each were used for this study. O. sanctum leaf powder (0.5%), O. basilicum leaf powder (0.5%) and organic selenium (0.3 ppm) and their combinations were added to the basal diet. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) and catalase levels in plasma were measured at the end of 3rd and 6th week of age. Dietary supplementation of selenium itself significantly (p<0.01) increased GSH-px activity and supplementation of both Ocimum species significantly increased SOD and catalase levels. However, O. basilicum and O. sanctum in combination with selenium effectively enhanced the levels of SOD, GSH-px and catalase. Between O. basilicum and O.sanctum with combination of selenium, no significant variations in antioxidant levels were seen. Both the plant sources showed similar potency in scavenging free radicals. It is concluded that dietary supplementation of O.sanctum or O. basilicum at 0.5% level and its combination with selenium (0.3 ppm) can combat oxidative stress in broilers, by enhancing antioxidative enzyme levels.

Keywords: Antioxidants, Ocimum sanctum, Ocimum basilicum, Selenium, SOD, GSH-px, Catalase, Broiler chickens

Research & Reviews: Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology ISSN: 2319-3441 (online), ISSN: 2349-3690 (print) Volume 3, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Biochemical Assessment of Allantoic Fluid during Different Stages of Pregnancy in Madras Red Sheep C. Devaraj, V. Leela* Department of Veterinary Physiology Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India Abstract To determine the biochemical constituents of sheep allantoic fluid during the different stages of pregnancy, sixty sheep uteri at various stages of pregnancy were collected from the local slaughterhouse. The allantoic fluid samples were collected from each gravid uterus. Foetal age was calculated according to crown anus length of the embryo/foetus by using the age estimation formula. At four stages of pregnancy viz., – I (30–60 days), stage - II (61–90 days), stage - III (91–120 days) and stage - IV (121 to term), the biochemical variables measured, respectively, were: glucose concentration were 8.13, 6.80, 4.30 and 3.21 mg/dl; total protein, 0.58, 0.62,0.79 and 1.03 g/dl; urea, 29.23, 36.03,51.68 and 67.06 mg/dl; creatinine, 5.98, 9.70,17.66 and 24.92 mg/dl, cholesterol, 3.08,3.32, 3.54 and 2.88 mg/dl; sodium, 94.20, 100.9, 89.00 and 97.86 mmol/L; potassium, 4.40, 5.72, 4.26 and 5.50 mmol/L; calcium, 8.73, 8.67, 5.9 and 4.20 mg/dl and magnesium, 0.32, 0.81, 0.22 and 0.01 mg/dl. Significant correlations (P<0.05) were found between gestational age and levels of glucose, total protein, urea, creatinine and calcium. These findings might be helpful to understanding the foetal metabolism and diagnose pathophysiological conditions during pregnancy.

Keywords: Allantoic, Biochemical assessment, Foetal metabolism, Pregnancy, Sheep

Research & Reviews: Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology ISSN: 2319-3441 (online), ISSN: 2349-3690 (print) Volume 3, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Biochemical Profile of Kilakarsal Ewes during Pregnancy, Post-partum, Lactation and Dry Period M. Sundara Vinayaki*, V. S. Gomathy, C. Devaraj Madras Veterinary College, Chennai-600007, India

Abstract The present study was conducted to investigate the changes in biochemical parameters during different physiological states of reproduction. The Kilakarsal sheep reared at the Instructional Livestock Farm Complex, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, housed under standard management conditions in sheds with an open paddock was chosen for this study. Twentyfour ewes were categorized into four groups of six each at different physiological phases of late gestation, post-partum, lactation and dry period. The average live body weight of ewes in this study was 35 Âą 1.62 kg. The study showed no significant difference in certain biochemical parameters like magnesium (mg/dL), urea (mg/dL), creatinine (mg/dL) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) during late gestation, postpartum, lactation and dry period. However, significant (p < 0.05) differences were noted in certain biochemical parameters like total protein (g/dL), calcium (mg/dL) and phosphorus (mg/dL) amongst the four groups of different stages.

Keywords: Biochemical parameters, Blood, Physiological status, Ewes

Research & Reviews: Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology ISSN: 2319-3441 (online), ISSN: 2349-3690 (print) Volume 3, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Role of Pheromones and Biostimulation in Animal Reproduction-An Overview R. P. Tiwari, Abrar Ahmed, G. K. Mishra* Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anjora, Durg, (CG) India Abstract In recent years, considerable progress has been achieved in the comprehension of profound effects of pheromones on reproductive physiology and behaviour. Pheromones have been classified as molecules released by the individuals & responsible for elicitation of specific behavioral expression in members of the same species. These signaling molecules, often chemically unrelated, are contained in body fluids of urine, sweat, specialized exocrine glands and mucous secretion of genital. In mammals, signaling and priming pheromones are thought to act either singly or in combination through olfaction, auditory, visual or tactile stimuli. Biostimulation or male effect is the stimulus provoked by the presence of males, which induces estrus and ovulation through genital stimulation, pheromones or other external cues. The biostimulation technique offers a potentially useful and practical way to improve reproductive efficiency in livestock species. The aim of this manuscript is to examine the role of pheromone and biostimulation in animal reproduction that would provide information of interest for animal husbandry, where economic circumstances do not allow the use of expensive and invasive techniques for enhancing reproductive performances.

Keywords: Biostimulation, Neuroendocrine, Pheromones, Reproduction

Research & Reviews: Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology ISSN: 2319-3441 (online), ISSN: 2349-3690 (print) Volume 3, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Treatment of Mange in Rabbits: A Case Report Aditi A. Dixit*, M. L. V. Rao, G. Das, Kabita Roy, Virendra K. Thawait, Vijay Bhaskar U. College of Veterinary Science & A.H., Durg (C.G.), India Abstract A pair of rabbit was presented with the complaint of severe pruritis, alopecia, inappetance and dullness. Skin scrapings revealed psoroptic mange infestation. Treatment with ivermectin @ 200 Âľg/kg body weight along with antibiotics and liver extract preparation revealed clinical improvement in 14 days and complete recovery in 28 days. Keywords: Mange, Ivermectin, Skin Scrapings, Parasitic Infestations

Research & Reviews: Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology ISSN: 2319-3441 (online), ISSN: 2349-3690 (print) Volume 3, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Torsion of Uterus as a Cause of Dystocia in a Nellore Brown Ewe K. Jyothi*, M. Mutha Rao, Y. V. Pridhvidhar Reddy, A. Ganesan Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics,College of Veterinary Science, Proddatur, Kadapa District-516360, Andhra Pradesh (India) Abstract A Nellore brown ewe in its first parity was presented to the clinic with a complaint of dystocia. Pervaginal examination revealed right side post cervical uterine torsion. Detortion of uterus was achieved by rolling the dam by modified schaffer’s method. Torsion relieved but cervix was not dilated fully necessitating caesarean section but the owner preferred to dispose of the animal.

Keywords: Nellore brown ewe, Dystocia, Uterine torsion, Modified Schaffer’s method

Research & Reviews: Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology ISSN: 2319-3441 (online), ISSN: 2349-3690 (print) Volume 3, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Mortality Due to Pasteurellosis in Calves Sanjiv Kumar1*, S. Samantaray2, D. Kumar1, S. Kumari3, R. Kapur4 1

Department of Pathology, Bihar Veterinary College, Patna, Bihar, India 2 Deptt. of Parasitology, BVC, Patna, Bihar, India 3 Deptt. of Microbiology, BVC, Patna, Bihar, India 4 Project Veterinary Officer

Abstract Mortality was recorded in fifteen Jersey calves in the cattle farm of Bihar Veterinary College, Patna. All these calves before death were showing symptoms of high fever, severe dyspnoea, mouth breathing, profuse salivation and oedema in throat region. Dead animals subjected to necropsy showed gross and histopathological lesions of Haemmorhagic Septicemia. Stained heart blood smear and culture showed the presence of bipolar coccobacilli Pasteurella organisms. All the other ten ailing animals responded well to the treatment and survived.

Keywords: Calves, Septicemia

Fibrinous

exudates,

Bipolar

organisms,

Haemorrhagic