Trends in drug delivery (vol1, issue2) by STM Journals Publication

Trends in

Drug Delivery (TDD) May - August 2014

STM JOURNALS Scientific

Technical

Medical

www.stmjournals.com

STM Publication(s) STM Publication, a strong initiative by Consortium E-Learning Network Private ltd.(Estd. 2006) was launched in the year 2010 under the support and guidance by our esteemed Editorial and Advisory board members from renowned institutes. Objectives of STM Publication(s): ? Scientific, Technical and Medical research promotions. ? Publication of genuine Research/Review, Short Articles and Case Studies through proper review

process. ? Publishing Special Issues on Conferences. ? Preparing online platform for other print Journals. ? Empowering the libraries with online and print Journals in Scientific, Technical and Medical

domains. ? Publishing and distribution of books on various subjects which mainly falls in the category of

Nanotechnology, Scientific and technical writing & Environment, Health and Safety. Salient Features: ? A bouquet of 100+ Journals that fall under Science, Technical & Medical domains. ? Employs Open Journals System (OJS) A Journal Management & Publishing System. ? The first and one of the fastest growing publication website in India as well as in abroad for its quality

and coverage. ? Rapid online submission and publication of papers, soon after their formal acceptance/ finalization. ? Facilitates linking with the other authors or professionals. ? Worldwide circulation and visibility.

Trends in Drug Delivery Focus and Scope Covers ? Targeted delivery ? Sustained release formulations ? Thin Film delivery ? Drug Carrires ? Neural drug delivery systems ? Nanocapsules ? Drug & Gene delivery system Trends in Drug Delivery is published (frequency: three times a year) in India by STM Journals (division of Consortium e-Learning Network Private Ltd. Pvt.) The views expressed in the articles do not necessarily reflect of the Publisher. The publisher does not endorse the quality or value of the advertised/sponsored products described therein. Please consult full prescribing information before issuing a prescription for any products mentioned in this publication. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system or transmitted in any from without written permission of the publisher. To cite any of the material contained in this Journal, in English or translation, please use the full English reference at the beginning of each article. To reuse any of the material, please contact STM Journals (info@stmjournals.com)

STM Journals (division of Consortium e-Learning Network Private Ltd. ) having its Marketing office located at Office No. 4, First Floor, CSC pocket E Market, Mayur Vihar Phase II, New Delhi-110091, India is the Publisher of Journal. Statements and opinions expressed in the Journal reflect the views of the author(s) and are not the opinion of STM Journals unless so stated. Subscription Information and Order: Cost of Journal: ? National Subscription: Rs. 3750/- per Journal (includes 3 print issues), Single Issue copy purchase Rs.1500/copy ? International Subscription: ? Online Only- $99, Print Only-$149 (includes 3 print issues) ? Online + Print-$199 (includes 3 print issues + online access of published back volumes )

To purchase print compilation of back issues please send your query at info@stmjournals.com Subscription must be prepaid. Rates outside the India includes speed delivery charges. Prices subject to change without notice. Mode of Payment: At par cheque, Demand draft, and RTGS (payment to be made in favor of Consortium E-Learning Network. Pvt. ltd., payable at Delhi/New Delhi. Online Access Policy A). For Authors: In order to provide maximum citation and wide publicity to the authors work, STM Journals also have Open Access Policy, authors who would like to get their work open access can opt for Optional Open Access publication at nominal cost as follows India, SARC and African Countries: INR 2500 or 100 USD including single hard copy of Author's Journal. Other Countries: USD 200 including single hard copy of Author's Journal. B.) For Subscribers: ? Online access will be activated within 72 hours of receipt of the payment (working days), subject to receipt of

correct information on user details/Static IP address of the subscriber. ? The access will be blocked: ? If the user requests for the same and furnishes valid reasons for blocking. ? Due to technical issue. ? Misuse of the access rights as per the access policy.

Advertising and Commercial Reprint Inquiries: STM Journals with wide circulation and visibility offer an excellent media for showcasing/promotion of your products/services and the events-namely, Conferences, Symposia/Seminars etc. These journals have very high potential to deliver the message across the targeted audience regularly with each published issue. The advertisements on bulk subscriptions, gift subscriptions or reprint purchases for distribution etc. are also very welcome. Lost Issue Claims: Please note the following when applying for lost or missing issues: ? Claims for print copies lost will be honored only after 45 days of the dispatch date and before publication of the

next issue as per the frequency. ? Tracking id for the speed post will be provided to all our subscribers and the claims for the missing Journals will

be entertained only with the proofs which will be verified at both the ends. ? Claims filed due to insufficient (or no notice) of change of address will not be honored. ? Change of Address of Dispatch should be intimated to STM Journals at least 2 months prior to the dispatch

schedule as per the frequency by mentioning subscriber id and the subscription id. ? Refund requests will not be entertained.

Legal Disputes All the legal disputes are subjected to Delhi Jurisdiction only. If you have any questions, please contact the Publication Management Team: info@stmjournals.com; Tel : +91 0120-4781211.

Publication Management Team Chairman Mr. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director STM Journals, Consortium eLearning Network Pvt. Ltd.(CELNET) Noida ,India

Group Managing Editor Dr. Archana Mehrotra Director CELNET, Delhi, India

Internal Members Puneet Pandeya Manager Associate Editors Gargi Asha Jha Nupur Anand

Monika Malhotra Assistant Manager Assistant Editors Priyanka Aswal Aditya Sanyal Sona Chahal Anupama Garg Himani Pandey

External Members

Dr. Bimlesh Lochab Industrial Tribology Machine Dynamics & Maintenance Engineering Centre (ITMMEC) Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India.

Dr. Rajiv Prakash School of Materials Science and Technology, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.

Prof. S. Ramaprabhu Alternative Energy Technology Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, India.

Dr. Rakesh Kumar Assistant Professor, Department of Applied Chemistry, BIT Mesra, Patna, India.

STM Journal (s) Advisory Board

Dr. Baldev Raj Chairman, National Institute of Technology Puducherry, India. Former Director, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, India.

Prof. Bankim Chandra Ray Professor and Head, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India.

Dr. Hardev Singh Virk Professor Emeritus, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, India.

Dr. Baskar Kaliyamoorthy Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology Trichy, India.

Prof. D. N. Rao Professor, Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.

Prof. Jugal Kishore Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.

Dr. Ashish Runthala

Dr. Pankaj Poddar

Lecturer, Biological Sciences Group, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani Rajasthan, India.

Scientist, Physical & Materials Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India.

Dr. Nandini Chatterjee Singh Associate Professor, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, India.

STM Journal (s) Advisory Board & Editorial Board

Dr. Priyavrat Thareja

Dr. Rakesh Kumar

Head, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Department, PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh, India.

Assistant Professor, Department of Applied Chemistry, BIT Mesra, Patna, India.

Dr. Shankargouda Patil

Dr. Shrikant Balkisan Dhoot

Asst. Prof., Department of Oral Pathology, KLE Society's Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, India.

Head Research & Development, Nurture Earth R&D Pvt Ltd MIT Campus, Beed bypass road, Aurangabad, India.

Prof. Subash Chandra Mishra

Prof. Sundara Ramaprabhu

Professor, Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department, NIT, Rourkela, India.

Professor, Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India.

Prof. Yuwaraj Marotrao Ghugal

Dr. Vivek Bhosale

Professor and Head Department, Govt. College of Engineering Station Road, Osmanpura, Aurangabad, India.

Scientist, Division of Clinical and Experimental Medicine CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, India.

Dr. Yahaya Bin Hassan Head, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA(UiTM) Malaysia.

Editorial Board

Dr. A.J. Vanisree Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry University of Madras, Chennai, India.

Dr. Abhay Dharamsi Prof. & Head, Dept. of Pharmaceutics, Maliba Pharmacy College, Gujarat, India.

Dr. Anil Bansal Chairman, Department of Pharmacology, J. N. Medical College, AMU, Aligarh, India.

Dr. Ashwin Kotnis Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India.

Dr. Bhavin Marolia Assistant Prof., Dept. of Quality Assurance & Pharmaceutical Analysis, Maliba Pharmacy College, Bardoli, India.

Divya Suares Assistant Professor, NMIMS University, India.

Gautam Singhvi Department of Pharmacy, BITS, Pilani, India.

Dr. Jayarajakumar Kalaimani Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Bedong, Malaysia

Dr. Kashmira Gohil Professor and HOD, Shree Dhanvantari Pharmacy College, Gujarat, India.

Dr. Koteshwara K.B Professor Dept. of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, India

Dr. Mahalaxmi Rathnanand Associate Prof., Dept. of Pharmaceutics Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal, India.

Dr. Mayur Patel Associate Professor, Dept. of Pharmaceutical Science, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.

Editorial Board

Dr. Nayana Associate Professor, Pharmacology, J N Medical College, Belgaum, India.

Dr. Pranav Shah Associate Professor, Maliba Pharmacy College, Surat, Gujarat, India.

Dr. Rafik Karaman Faculty of Pharmacy Al-Quds University, Jerusalem.

Dr. S. K. M. Habeeb Assistant Prof., Dept. of Bioinformatics, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, India.

Dr. S. Shanmugam Prof. & Head, Dept. of Pharmaceutics, Adhiparasakthi College of Pharmacy, T.N, India.

Dr. Shashank K Singh Senior Scientist, CSIR-Indian institute of Integrative Medicine , Canal Road Jammu, India

Soh Yee Chang Lecturer, Faculty of Pharmacy, UiTM Puncak Alam Campus, Malaysia.

Sonia Pandey Assistant Professor, Maliba Pharmacy College Uka Tarsadia University, Surat, Gujrat, India.

Dr. Srinivas Mutalik Associate Professor, Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal University, India.

Dr. Tripura Sundari Assistant Professor, SPPSPTM, NMIS, Mumbai, India.

Dr. V. Ravichandran Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling ,Kedah, Malaysia.

Dr. Viral Dineshchandra Jagiwala Assistant Professor, Shree Dhanvantary Pharmacy College, Gujarat, India.

Editorial Board

Dr. Ganga Srinivasan

Dr. Vivek Bhosale

Professor in Pharmaceutics at VES College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India.

Scientist, Division of Clinical and Experimental Medicine CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, India.

Dr. Yahaya Bin Hassan

Dr. Santanu Chakraborty

Head, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA(UiTM) Malaysia.

Assistant Professor, Department: Pharmaceutics, Dr. B. C. Roy Engineering College, Kolkata, India.

Dr. Sandip Prabhakar Zine

Dr. Nahlah Elkudsiah Ismail

Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry,Vivekanand Education Society's College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India.

Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.

Dr. Mudit Dixit Assistant Professor, (Pharmaceutics) (Senior Grade), NGSM Instituteof Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mangalore, India.

Director's Desk

STM JOURNALS

I take the privilege to present the print version for the Volume 1 Issue (2) of Trends in Drug Delivery. The intension of TDD is to create an atmosphere that stimulates creativeness, research and growth in the area Drug Delivery. The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. TDD provides an outlet for Research findings and reviews in areas of Drug Delivery found to be relevant for National and International recent developments & research initiative. The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and research in the domain of Drug Delivery. Finally, and Authors for their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/ Reviewer board write ups/ reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality Research/Reviews findings for our customers base. I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.

Dr. Archana Mehrotra Director STM Journals

Trends in Drug Delivery

Contents

1. Synthesis and Electrochemical Study of 1-[2', 4'-dinitrophenyl)-3, 5-dimethyl-4[4''-(substituted)sulphonamoylphenyl] Azopyrazoles Shrinarayan Karaiya, Ritesh Mishra, Ramji Lal Yadav, Virendra K. Arya, Hitesh Malvia

2. Formulation and Evaluation of Transdermal Drug Delivery of Piroxicam Mudit Dixit, P. K. Kulkarni, R Narayana Charyulu

3. Regenerative Endodontics: Nano 3D scaffolds as Dental Materials and Stem Cells for Dental Tissue Regeneration Rachna Dhani, Shashank K Singh

4. Intrapocket Drug Delivery System: A Spatial Tool for Periodontitis Jain J., Srinivasan G.

Trends in Drug Delivery Volume 1, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Synthesis and Electrochemical Study of 1-[2′, 4′-dinitrophenyl)-3, 5-dimethyl-4[4′′-(substituted)sulphonamoylphenyl] Azopyrazoles Shrinarayan Karaiya1*, Ritesh Mishra2, Ramji Lal Yadav1, Virendra K. Arya1, Hitesh Malvia3 1

School of Studies in Chemistry, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India Analytical Research & Development Department, Medilux Laboratories Pvt. Ltd. Pithampur, Dist. Dhar, India 3 School of Chemical Sciences, DAVV, Indore, India

Abstract Electrochemical behavior of 1-(2',4'-dinitrophenyl)-3,5-dimethyl-4-[4"-(substituted) sulphonamoylphenyl] azopyrazole (DDSPA) was studied in Britton-Robinson (BR) buffer range of pH 3.5–12 at dropping mercury electrode (DME) and glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Cathodic differential pulse polarographic peak is obtained at DME in the pH range 3.5–12. Cyclic voltammogram exhibited a well-defined, irreversible cathodic and anodic peak at GCE. At pH 3.5–12, the reduction peak exhibited a tendency to split into two peaks. The first 8e- peak has been assigned to the reduction of two nitro groups to hydroxylamine group and second 2e- peak has been assigned to the reduction of azo group to hydrazono group (–NH–NH–). A product of controlled potential electrolysis (CPE) was characterized by elemental and spectral analysis.

Keywords: azopyrazoles, polarography, voltammetry, CPE, electrochemistry

Trends in Drug Delivery Volume 1, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Formulation and Evaluation of Transdermal Drug Delivery of Piroxicam Mudit Dixit1*, P. K. Kulkarni2, R Narayana Charyulu1 1

Department of Pharmaceutics, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical sciences, Nitte University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India 2 Department of Pharmaceutics, J.S.S College of pharmacy, J.S.S University, Mysore, India

Abstract The aim of the present study was to formulate transdermal films loaded with Piroxicam (PX). Transdermal films were prepared by using sodium alginate (SA) and xanthan gum (XG) as biopolymers by varying the blend ratios viz., 10:0, 8:2, 6:4, 4:6 and 2:8 (w/w %) through solution casting method. The drug loaded membranes were evaluated for thickness, tensile behaviours, and content uniformity. In-vitro diffusion was determined by Franz diffusion cell. Piroxicam was found to be compatible and stable with the prepared formulation as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), studies. Invitro release studies revels effectiveness after 24 h. The study results suggest that biopolymer based Transdermal films are potential vehicles for improved transdermal delivery of PX for effective therapy.

Keywords: Piroxicam, Sodium alginate, Xanthan gum, Transdermal release, Skin permeation

Trends in Drug Delivery Volume 1, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Regenerative Endodontics: Nano 3D scaffolds as Dental Materials and Stem Cells for Dental Tissue Regeneration Rachna Dhani1, Shashank K Singh2* 1

Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics Indira Gandhi Government Dental College and Hospital, Jammu, India 2 Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Canal road, Jammu, India

Abstract In dentistry, for maintaining any tissue in a healthy state, focus is on prevention, treatment and repair of the diseased tissue. Current treatments for diseases of tooth structures rely on the use of classical endodontic procedures which in some cases are limited success rate. The use of stem cells in regenerative therapies have been shown to have promising applications in various debilitating diseases like neurodegenerative disease, diabetes, cancer and dental diseases etc. Regenerative dentistry is addressing various complications involves the in vitro creation of cells/tissues for replacement therapy that stimulate the bodyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s own regenerative capabilities. Regenerative dentistry represents an attractive multidisciplinary therapeutic approach that combines traditional restorative/surgery techniques and benefits from recent advances in stem cell biology, genomics, proteomics and material sciences. Dental Pulp Stem Cells or (DPSCs) are well characterized multipotent stem cells that have the potential to differentiate into a variety of cell types used for regenerating the tooth. Regenerating and reengineering the decayed pulp structure requires the design of scaffolding materials that mimic the architecture of a natural dental extracellular matrix (ECM) and provide suitable environments for the attachment, proliferation, differentiation, and biomineralization of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) to grow. Three-dimensional (3D) biocompatible hybrid scaffolds mimic the nano-structured architecture and chemical composition of a natural dental ECM. DPSCs had a significantly higher proliferation rate on 3D hybrid scaffolds. Hybrid scaffolds significantly promote the differentiation and bio mineralization of the human DPSCs. In summary, using the Hybrid Nano 3D scaffolds which provides an excellent environment for the growth and differentiation of human DPSCs and are promising treatment modality in endodontic procedures for dentin/pulp tissue regeneration and restoration of natural tooth.

Keywords: Embryonic Stem Cells (ESC), pluripotent stem (iPS), Dental Pulp Stem Cells, or (DPSCs), (3D) scaffolds

Trends in Drug Delivery Volume 1, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Intrapocket Drug Delivery System: A Spatial Tool for Periodontitis Jain J., Srinivasan G.* VES College of Pharmacy, Chembur, Mumbai, India Abstract Periodontitis is a disease attributable to multiple infectious agents. It results from extension of the inflammatory process initiated in the gingiva to the supporting periodontal tissues. Periodontal pockets provide natural reservoir bathed by gingival crevicular fluid that is easily accessible for the insertion of a delivery device. Intrapocket, sustained release systems have emerged as a novel paradigm for the future research. Controlled release delivery of antimicrobials is a therapeutic intervention directly into periodontal pockets and is available in various forms like gels, monolithic devices, irrigation systems, chips, films, strips, microspheres, fibers, etc. It is an effective monotherapy that has evoked a great interest and appears to hold a sound promising result in periodontal treatment these local agents bypass the adverse effects of systemically administered antimicrobial agents, as well stabilize the attachment apparatus and reduce the probing depth thereby allowing better control and management of periodontal disease.

Keywords: gingivitis, periodontitis, local drug delivery, periodontal pocket