Trends in mechanical engineering & technology (vol4, issue) by STM Journals Publication

Trends in Mechanical Engineering & Technology (TMET)

ISSN: 2347-9965

Jan - April 2014

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Trends in Mechanical Engineering & Technology (ISSN: 2347-9965) Focus and Scope Covers † Modern Tools and Mechanics † Mechatronics and Robotics † Structural Analysis, Thermodynamics and Thermo - Science † Design and Drafting † Micro Electro - Mechanical Systems (MEMS) †

Finite element analysis

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Editorial Board

Prof. Priyavrat Thareja Head, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering department, PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh, 160012 India.

Prof. Shakkottai P Venkateshan Professor and Head, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.

Pramod Kumar Mishra M. N.N.I.T., Allahabad, India.

Dr. Raghu Vasu Prakash Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600 036, India.

Dr. N Sitaram Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering Thermal Turbomachines Laboratory Department of Mechanical Engineering IIT Madras, Chennai India.

Professor K - Ramamurthi Dean, Hindustan University, Chennai, India.

Dr. Samir Saraswati Mechanical Engineering Department, MNNIT, Allahabad-211004, India.

Dr. Sudarsan Nagarajan Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering National Intitute of Technology Calicut NITC Campus P.O., Calicut 673601, Kerala, India.

Dr. Manoj Kumar Khurana Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad-211004 India.

Sudhakar Subudhi Assistant Professor NIT CalicutNational Institute of Technology, Calicut.

Dr. Madhusudanan V Pillai Associate Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering NIT Calicut NIT Campus (P.O.) Calicut, KERALA, India.

Santhakumar Mohan KAIST, Korea, Republic Of South Korea.

Director's Desk

STM JOURNALS

I take the privilege to present the hard copy compilation for the [Volume 4 Issue (1)] of Trends in Mechanical Engineering & Technology (TMET). The intension of TMET is to create an atmosphere that stimulates creativeness, research and growth in the area of Mechanical Engineering & Technology. The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. TMET provides an outlet for Research findings and reviews in areas of Mechanical Engineering & Technology found to be relevant for National and International recent developments & research initiative. The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and research in the domain of Mechanical Engineering & Technology. Finally, I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/ Reviewer board and Authors for their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring writeups/ reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality Research/Reviesw findings for our customers base. I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.

Dr. Archana Mehrotra Director STM Journals

Trends in Mechanical Engineering & Technology

Contents

1. Additives and EGR Process for the Exhaust Gases in Compression Ignition Engine Binyamin Christian, A R Patel

2. Effect of Condenser Backpressure on Power Plant Heat Rate and Thermal Efficiency Acharya Chirag, Nirvesh Mehta, Jaspal Dabhi

3. FEA Analysis for the Optimization of an Extrusion Die P. Gowthamraju, Ch. Srinivasa Rao

4. Influence of Cutting Speed and Tool Angles on Tool Forces in Turning of Steel Reinforced Polymer Composites K. G. Satish, B. Siddeswarappa, K. Mohamed Kaleemulla

5. The Study of Hole Flanging Process of Advanced High Strength Steel Pankaj Shrivastava, S. K. Panthi

Trends in Mechanical Engineering & Technology ISSN: 2347-9965 Volume 4, Issue 1 www.stmjournals.com

Additives and EGR Process for the Exhaust Gases in Compression Ignition Engine Binyamin Christian1*, A R Patel2 Department Thermal in Mechanical Engineering, LDRP – ITR, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, LDRP – ITR, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India

Abstract Exhaust gases is the most prompt topic in current situation. Exhaust gases badly affect the environment, human and other living organism so, controlling of exhaust gases is very essential. Today automobile vehicles particularly diesel engine vehicles emit more exhaust gases, so for the controlling of exhaust gases we can use additives in fuel and EGR process together. When the additives are mixed with fuel, a cylinder pressure decreases and ignition delay and combustion duration becomes shorter and emission of smoke, HC and CO is reduced. However, the NOx emission has little effect, so for the NOx reduction we can use EGR process in which we can induce some percentage of exhaust gases in cylinder and can keep the cylinder temperature low. This can help to reduce the NOx reduction because as the cylinder temperature goes lower, the NOx emission is lower and by the combination like additives and EGR process, we can reduce the exhaust gases.

Keywords: Additives, EGR, emissions, combustion, diesel engine

Trends in Mechanical Engineering & Technology ISSN: 2347-9965 Volume 4, Issue 1 www.stmjournals.com

Effect of Condenser Backpressure on Power Plant Heat Rate and Thermal Efficiency Acharya Chirag1*, Nirvesh Mehta2, Jaspal Dabhi2 Department Thermal in Mechanical Engineering, LDRP â&#x20AC;&#x201C; ITR, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, LDRP-ITR, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India

Abstract Thermal power plants are used to generate electricity by using fossil fuels. Optimizing operating condition can considerably improve condensing and vacuum of condenser hence efficiency. Steam exhaust pressure affects the performance of turbine. Variation in condenser backpressure about design can impact the economic operation of a unit with respect to heat rate. The study has been carried out for the load of 210 MW GSECL thermal power plant.

Keywords: Condenser, back pressure, power, heat rate, thermal efficiency

Trends in Mechanical Engineering & Technology ISSN: 2347-9965 Volume 4, Issue 1 www.stmjournals.com

FEA Analysis for the Optimization of an Extrusion Die P. Gowthamraju, Ch. Srinivasa Rao* Mechanical Engineering Department, Andhra University College of Engineering, Visakhapatnam, AP, India Abstract The process of extrusion plays a vital role in the production process of different parts in various environments. Even though there is lot of variations in the production of parts during extrusion with conventional processes to the latest automation in the manufacturing. There is a need to develop different die designs by varying input processes variables for the extrusion process in an optimum manner. The purpose of the present paper is to determine the optimal cold forward extrusion process variables at minimum Extrusion force. The present work deals with the different approaches, one is a statistical method, i.e., Taguchi orthogonal array and the another one is an evolutionary algorithm, i.e., Particle Swarm Optimization in order to determine optimal values of logarithmic strain, die angle and friction coefficient with a purpose to find minimum Extrusion force and the obtained results are compared with those in existing literature. The obtained results lead to the lower energy consumption, better tool life, better formability of the work material, and the better quality of the finished extruded part. With the optimal values obtained in both the techniques, a three dimensional model is developed and analysis is carried out on ANSYS platform. Based on the ANSYS results optimal values or the extrusion process variables are determined.

Keywords: Cold forward extrusion, extrusion force model, die angle, logarithmic strain, frictional coefficient, Taguchi OA, Particle swarm optimization

Trends in Mechanical Engineering & Technology ISSN: 2347-9965 Volume 4, Issue 1 www.stmjournals.com

Influence of Cutting Speed and Tool Angles on Tool Forces in Turning of Steel Reinforced Polymer Composites K. G. Satish, B. Siddeswarappa, K. Mohamed Kaleemulla* Faculty in Department of Mechanical Engineering, University B.D.T. College of Engineering, Davangere, India Abstract Turning of steel fiber reinforced polymer composites is quite different compared to machining of conventional metals and alloys. Hence an experimental investigation on orthogonal turning was carried out in an effort to analyze the variation in cutting force and thrust force for different cutting speeds, depth of cuts and tool rake and relief angles using HSS tool. The cutting and thrust force values were found to be decreasing with the increase in cutting speed and also with the increase of rake and relief angles. Results also indicated that with the increase in depth of cut, the tool forces increased for any combination of tool angles and cutting speed.

Keywords: Polymer composites, steel fiber, cutting and thrust force, tool angles and cutting speed

Trends in Mechanical Engineering & Technology ISSN: 2347-9965 Volume 4, Issue 1 www.stmjournals.com

The Study of Hole Flanging Process of Advanced High Strength Steel Pankaj Shrivastava1*, S. K. Panthi2 1

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Corporate Institute of Science & Technology, Bhopal, M.P., India 2 CSIR-Advanced Material and Processes Research Institute (CSIR-AMPRI), Bhopal, M.P., India

Abstract In the hole flanging process, predetermine hole in the sheet is enlarged by using the larger punch radius for forming the flange. This process is widely used in the various industries. In this study, the hole flanging process in a circular sheet of advanced high strength steel is carried out using elasto-plastic finite element numerical simulation. The lip shape behavior and punch load variation in hole flanging process is studied considering various geometrical parameters such as thickness of the sheet, punch & die gap and center hole diameter. The results of simulations are compared with published experimental results, which show a considerable agreement.

Keywords: Hole flanging process, lip shape behavior, punch load, numerical simulation