Trends in transport engineering and applications (vol1, issue1) by STM Journals Publication

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Trends in

Transport Engineering and Applications Jan - April 2014

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Dr. Akhilesh Kumar Maurya Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, India.

Dr. Avijit Maji Assistant Professor Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India.

Mr. Gobinath Ravindran Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Jay Shriram Group of Institutions, Tirupur, Tamilnadu, India.

Dr. Hansa Jeswani Associate Professor, Civil Engg Dept, Sardar Patel College of Engg., Munshi Nagar, Mumbai, India.

Dr. K.V.R. Ravi Shankar Assistant Professor Department of Civil Engineering, NIT Warangal, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Dr. Krishna Prapoorna Biligiri Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering IIT Kharagpur, W.B, India.

Dr. M.S.Ranadive Associate Professor, Civil Engineering, College of Engineering , Pune, India.

Dr. Mahabir Panda Professor, Department of Civil Engg. NIT Rourkela, Odisha, India.

Dr. Mizanur Rahman Professor, Department of Civil Engineering Bangladesh, BUET, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Dr. Moazzem Hossain Professor,Department of Civil Engineering Bangladesh, BUET, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Dr. Norhidayah Binti Abdul Hassan Faculty of Civil Engineering and Construction Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.

Dr. Partha Pratim Dey Assistant Professor, IIT Bhubaneswar, India.

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STM JOURNALS

I take the privilege to present the print version for the Volume 1 Issue (1) of Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications. The intension of TTEA is to create an atmosphere that stimulates creativeness, research and growth in the area of Transport Engineering and Applications. The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. TTEA provides an outlet for Research findings and reviews in areas of Transport Engineering and Applications found to be relevant for National and International recent developments & research initiative. The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and research in the domain of Transport Engineering and Applications. Finally, and Authors for their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/ Reviewer board write ups/ reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality Research/Reviews findings for our customers base. I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal..

Dr. Archana Mehrotra Director STM Journals

Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications

Contents

1. Sensitivity of Rigid Pavement Responses to Pavement Layer Thickness Due to Wheel Load: A Nonlinear Finite Element Study Md. Mizanur Rahman, Md. Newaz Murshed

2. A Review of Traffic Noise Standards and Noise Models Syed Aqeel Ahmad, P. K. Sarkar

3. Need for an Integrated Modelling Approach for Mixed Traffic Flow Phenomena K.V.R. Ravi Shankar

4. Review of Simulation Techniques for Microscopic Mobility of Pedestrian Movement Pritikana Das, M. Parida, V. K. Katiyar

Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications Volume 1, Issue 1 www.stmjournals.com

Sensitivity of Rigid Pavement Responses to Pavement Layer Thickness Due to Wheel Load: A Nonlinear Finite Element Study Md. Mizanur Rahman*, Md. Newaz Murshed Civil Engineering Department, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka, Bangladesh Abstract The behavior of a jointed plain concrete pavement (JPCP) has been investigated under single wheel load for interior loading using finite element technique to predict the critical pavement responses for both linear and nonlinear geometrical characterization. The idealized pavement system is analyzed using 3D finite element analysis with the general purpose finite element software ABAQUS. The developed 3D model was analyzed for four combinations of material characterizations- (1) linear base and subgrade material, (2) nonlinear base and linear subgrade, (3) linear base and nonlinear subgrade, and (4) nonlinear base and nonlinear subgrade. Effects of different pavement layer thicknesses i.e. slab thickness and base course material thicknesses on the critical pavement responses were studied. The study shows that for a jointed plain concrete pavement, the maximum values of pavement deflection of slab top, tensile stress at the bottom of concrete slab and vertical pressure on top of subgrade are reduced significantly up to a concrete slab thickness of 225 mm (9 inch), above which the influence of slab thickness on pavement responses reduces significantly. The effects of base course material thickness on the maximum values of pavement deflection, tensile stress and subgrade pressure are less significant compared to effects of slab thickness. Keywords: Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement, Pavement Responses, Nonlinear Geomaterial, Finite Element Analysis, Abaqus

Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications Volume 1, Issue 1 www.stmjournals.com

A Review of Traffic Noise Standards and Noise Models Syed Aqeel Ahmad1*, P. K. Sarkar2 1

Department of Civil Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India Department of Transport Planning, School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi, India

Abstract Traffic noise is one of the most irritating pollutions which affect human health in various forms, be it permanent hearing loss, shifting of hearing threshold, irritation/psychological problem, blood pressure, sleeping disorder, premature child birth, etc. The noise generated in the base year of any project may not be harmful, but it may be harmful by horizon year. Under this condition, noise mitigation measures need to be inbuilt in the project itself. In order to suggest right noise mitigation measure for future, noise prediction should be accurate as far as possible. Therefore, an attempt has been made in this paper to review most of the noise prediction models in the world. The paper also presents some basics of noise and comparison of noise standards in various countries including India.

Keywords: Noise, noise standard, noise model

Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications Volume 1, Issue 1 www.stmjournals.com

Need for an Integrated Modelling Approach for Mixed Traffic Flow Phenomena K.V.R. Ravi Shankar* Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Andhra Pradesh, India Abstract Traffic flow modelling can be in general categorised into three broad categories. Macroscopic models are generally based on aggregate level of traffic flow; whereas microscopic tools are more disaggregated and dynamic in nature. Benefiting from the steadily increasing availability of affordable computing power, these more detailed models have become the tool of choice for operational studies, commonly in the form of microscopic simulators. Among other dynamic models, mesoscopic ones are a compromise between the macro and micro levels. With the introduction of new technologies, data of unprecedented quantity and ultimately quality, development of next generation simulation models becomes an interesting research direction.This paper proposes the need for next generation simulation models and presents a lead to development of integrated models. The driver behaviour is a cause-reaction approach involving several tasks within a short time interval. Hence an integrated system comprising of driver decision making and the inter-dependence among the decisions and anticipation capabilities better replicates the realistic diving behaviour. These integrated models are driven by the distinct difference in driving behaviour, vehicle-type characteristics, level of traffic etc. These kind of models are more apt particularly for Indian mixed traffic conditions where the static and dynamic characteristics of the vehicle vary widely.

Keywords: Mixed traffic, integrated models, reaction time, vehicle-type, lateral behaviour

Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications Volume 1, Issue 1 www.stmjournals.com

Review of Simulation Techniques for Microscopic Mobility of Pedestrian Movement Pritikana Das1*, M. Parida1, V. K. Katiyar2 1

Centre for Transportation Systems, CTRANS, IIT Roorkee-247667, India 2 IIT Roorkee-247667, India

Abstract Simulation techniques are very useful for developing models or systems over time to represent the real-world scenarios. The model represents the key characteristics or behaviors/functions of the selected physical or abstract system or process. Simulation techniques are useful when the real system cannot be engaged, because of inaccessibility, or dangerous or is unacceptable to engage or does not exist. Microscopic characteristics of pedestrian traffic consider speeds, walking directions, distances between pedestrians, relative positions, passing behavior and group behavior. In microscopic approach individual pedestrians are evaluated in the study which is required for detailed design of pedestrian infrastructure. In this study various microsimulation models, tools and microscopic data collection techniques have been discussed briefly to encourage designers, policy planners to implement pedestrian facilities considering the microscopic approach. Level of service criterion and guidance for capacity manual can be implemented by including microscopic characteristics of pedestrians. Microscopic simulation models are broadly divided into five categories named cellular-based model, physical force-based model, behavioral modeling, queuing network model and agentbased model. Various simulation tools are basically based on these four models. Nowadays a new model combining cellular automata and social-force model has been proposed. This study is required to update designers or planners about various microscopic approaches and helpful for designing real situation with details of pedestrian movement to improve pedestrian traffic facilities.

Keywords: Pedestrian flow, microscopic simulation, social force, cellular automata, magnetic force