Trends in transport engineering and applications (vol1, issue2) by STM Journals Publication

Trends in

Transport Engineering and Applications May-August 2014

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Dr. Akhilesh Kumar Maurya Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, India.

Dr. Avijit Maji Assistant Professor Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India.

Mr. Gobinath Ravindran Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Jay Shriram Group of Institutions, Tirupur, Tamilnadu, India.

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Dr. K.V.R. Ravi Shankar Assistant Professor Department of Civil Engineering, NIT Warangal, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Dr. Krishna Prapoorna Biligiri Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering IIT Kharagpur, W.B, India.

Dr. M.S.Ranadive Associate Professor, Civil Engineering, College of Engineering , Pune, India.

Dr. Mahabir Panda Professor, Department of Civil Engg. NIT Rourkela, Odisha, India.

Dr. Mizanur Rahman Professor, Department of Civil Engineering Bangladesh, BUET, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Dr. Moazzem Hossain Professor,Department of Civil Engineering Bangladesh, BUET, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Dr. Norhidayah Binti Abdul Hassan Faculty of Civil Engineering and Construction Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.

Dr. Partha Pratim Dey Assistant Professor, IIT Bhubaneswar, India.

Editorial Board Dr. Sudeshna Mitra Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, W.B, India.

Dr. Pradeep Kumar Agarwal Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Bhopal, M.P, India.

Dr. Rajat Rastogi

Dr. Saravanan Subbarayan

Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.

Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, India.

Dr. Seyedehsan Seyedabrishami

Dr. Shoeb Malik

Assistant Professor in Transportation Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University Tehran, Iran.

Associate Professor,Department of Civil Engineering, A.M.U., Aligarh, India.

Dr. K. Ramachandra Rao Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India.

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I take the privilege to present the print version for the Volume 1 Issue (2) of Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications. The intension of TTEA is to create an atmosphere that stimulates creativeness, research and growth in the area of Transport Engineering and Applications. The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. TTEA provides an outlet for Research findings and reviews in areas of Transport Engineering and Applications found to be relevant for National and International recent developments & research initiative. The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and research in the domain of Transport Engineering and Applications. Finally, and Authors for their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/ Reviewer board write ups/ reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality Research/Reviews findings for our customers base. I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal..

Dr. Archana Mehrotra Director STM Journals

Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications

Contents

1. Development and Evaluation of Neural Network Model for Incident Detection on Urban Arterials using Simulated Database Tean C, Hossain M

2. Headway Compression during Queue Discharge at Signalized Intersections under Mixed Traffic Condition Partha Pratim Dey 15 3. Travel Demand Management for Sustainable Urban Transport in Kuala Lumpur: Operation and Energy Consumption Issues S. Kennedy, M. Hossain

4. Micro-Simulation Modelling of Vehicular Emission from Road Traffic of Mixed Flow Situation M. Hossain

Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications Volume 1, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Development and Evaluation of Neural Network Model for Incident Detection on Urban Arterials using Simulated Database Tean C1, Hossain M2* 1

Intel Malaysia Inc., Palau Penang, Malaysia University of Science and Technology, Malaysia Department of Civil Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract Incident detection in urban arterial situation is more difficult than the similar job in freeway situation because of the presence of traffic signals and other intersections with associated recurrent queue. Most of the earlier automatic incident detection algorithms address mainly freeway situation. This study aims at development, calibration, validation and testing of an ANN model for incident detection in Kuala Lumpur (KL) arterials using simulated incident database. Database for the study is generated under incident and noincident condition by simulating the traffic flow through the arterial network of Golden Triangle area of KL. Calibration efforts are divided into different tasks such as the time interval for input neuron, recalculation interval, location of the detector and the threshold values for the model. The calibrated model for optimum location of detector yields 98.5% of detection rate and 2.9% of false alarm rate for normal traffic demand situation. It is found that in case of link longer than 350 m data from two detectors are required for better performance of the ANN model but a single detector data is good enough for link length of around 220 m or less. Testing of the model on other link sites also yields similar results with more accurate detection in case of shorter links. While one cycle time was found to be long enough as a recalculation interval, further sensitivity analysis on this revealed that lower cycle time of around 60 s degrades the performance of the model in terms of false alarm rate. The results from this study provide useful insights for the design of AID system in urban arterials.

Keywords: Incident detection, neural network, urban arterial, micro-simulation

Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications Volume 1, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Headway Compression during Queue Discharge at Signalized Intersections under Mixed Traffic Condition Partha Pratim Dey* School of Infrastructure, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Odisha-751013, India Abstract The evaluation of capacity at signalized intersection is an important component in the planning, design, operation and management of transportation system. Presently, the methodologies available for the estimation of capacity of signalized intersections are based on the concept of saturation flow(s). Saturation flow is the steady maximum queue discharge rate after the green onset. According to the U.S. Highway Capacity Manual, this steady maximum rate is generally achieved after the fourth queuing vehicle enters the intersection. For the present work, data were collected at different signalized intersections of NH-2 and NH-5 under mixed traffic conditions. It has been found in the present study that the queue discharge headways show an unmistakable pattern of gradual compression as queuing vehicles are discharged in succession. Consequently, the average discharge headways become stable from position ninth at NH-2 intersections and from position eighth at NH-5 intersections. Saturation headway (hs) was calculated by averaging the headways of all the vehicles in the saturation flow region and it was 1.70 and 1.64 s for NH-2 and NH-5 respectively. The queue discharge characterizations of all the intersections of NH-2 were found to be similar to those observed at intersection of NH-5.

Keywords: Saturation flow, signalized intersection, saturation flow region, queue discharge, saturation headway

Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications Volume 1, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Travel Demand Management for Sustainable Urban Transport in Kuala Lumpur: Operation and Energy Consumption Issues S. Kennedy, M. Hossain* Malaysia University of Science and Technology (MUST), Unit GL33 (Ground Floor), Block C, Kelana Square, 17, Jalan SS7/26 47301 Petaling Jaya, Selangor D.E, Malaysia Abstract A number of South-East Asian cities are experiencing rapid growth in car ownership and overall transportation demand in the context of relatively low fuel and road tax along with land use patterns that encourage private automobile trips. To address these challenges, sustainable transport initiatives, which often include travel demand management (TDM), are increasingly being promoted at the city level. This paper examines the effectiveness of TDM on reducing road traffic congestion and energy consumption in the city of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. In this and similar cities that experience periods of severe traffic congestion, predicting the impacts of TDM can be complicated by the unstable nature of existing traffic flows. A new approach and tool are presented here that enable planners and decision makers to analyze a single or combinations of TDM options such as carpooling, bus/BRT lane, road pricing and increased transit ridership along a specific road corridor to arrive at a plan that satisfies specified limits on congestion. The model can also estimate energy consumption under the planned scenario and thus helps to implement sustainable energy initiatives for the transport sector. The paper will focus on the implications of TDM options for congestion and energy consumption in Kuala Lumpur.

Keywords: Travel demand management; sustainable transport; energy consumption and congestion

Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications Volume 1, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com

Micro-Simulation Modelling of Vehicular Emission from Road Traffic of Mixed Flow Situation M. Hossain* Department of Civil Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh Abstract This paper describes a new approach to microscopic modelling of vehicular emission from road traffic of mixed flow situation, where traffic stream comprises both motorised and non-motorised vehicles. The proposed model can represent detailed mixed traffic situations, such as speed fluctuation of traffic flow, lack of lane discipline and different vehicle categories. The model library is also facilitated with purposely developed vehicular emission model in order to be able to predict pollution load from road traffic of heterogeneous characteristics. The developed model is applied to experiment the impact of three traffic scenarios in a generalized traffic signal of Dhaka city situation. The emission contributions from different vehicle categories are taken as output from the simulation run and based on these results couple of possible improvement options are worked out. Simulation results for those options show that significant reduction in total emission load of CO and HC can be achieved through adoption of such option. This better understanding and estimation of classified emission contribution would help the transport planners and policy makers in achieving an environmentally sustainable transport system for the rapidly growing developing metropolis like Dhaka.

Keywords: Vehicular emission, emission modeling, mixed traffic, microscopic simulation