Energy and Power Insider Issue 5

Powering our future with clean energy.

Editor’s letter

Welcome to our fifth edition!

Invictus Energy’s long-awaited gas and oil discovery and what this means for Muzarabani and Zimbabwe is an ideal story to welcome readers to our bumper edition.

We have Contango Holdings PLC’s Lubu Coking Coal Project, the first washed coal production and corporate social responsibility (CSR) program for Binga residents.

African Development Bank continues its support to the renewable energy sector of Zimbabwe.

There is huge potential for the National Integrated Energy Resource Plan under the Energy Sector Reform Support project.

The Zimbabwe Energy Regulatory Authority (ZERA) has had one of their busiest periods in the last few months, launching a service station grading and labelling system, conducting countrywide net metering workshops and holding a golf fundraiser at Chapman Golf Course in Harare.

Zimbabwe’s electric vehicles are pioneering innovation and setting the tone for a greener future.

Dangote Petroleum Refinery, one of the largest refineries in the world, was commissioned.

Enlit Africa 2023, the continent’s leading gathering of the big players in the energy and power industries, concluded.

The fuel transportation and logistics industry are currently experiencing rapid growth in the country due to a variety of factors. Another story on fuel relates to mineral fuels and oil products topping the imported goods list.

Bulawayo has installed Zimbabwe’s first transformer oil regeneration plant.

What’s the big deal about inverter cooking? When it comes to the question, “Can I cook with my inverter?” Then the answer is a resounding “Yes!” Read about this amazing story that may help you power up the lights, the TV, and charge laptops and cell phones with an inverter.

The Environmental Management Agency (EMA) continues to play its role in the energy and power sector.

RadX Construction is on top of delivering excellence in construction projects in Southern Africa.

Our fuel sector continues to receive more players, as another new entry, Nova Energy, enters the petroleum wholesaling and bulk distribution sector.

Last but not least is a story about Solar Energy Projects which recently designed and installed a solar power system for DSTV’s head office. There is plenty more for your reading pleasure!

While you read, enjoy and share, don’t forget to save power even as winter fades.

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Mitchelle Nhapi

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Ian Kahale

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JOURNALISTS

Michael Nott

Martin Chemhere

Perry Kaande

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RadX Construction Teamview

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While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of its content, neither editor nor publisher can be held responsible for any omissions or errors: or for any misfortune, injury, or damages which may arise there-from.

The current power crisis in Zimbabwe and available investment solutions

Zimbabwe has a power supply deficit and is currently facing an increasing demand due to the growth in economic activities especially in the mining sector.

To mitigate the current shortages there is need for concerted efforts starting from generation, transmission to efficient and consistent distribution. The country has

a myriad of energy resources which need to be leveraged systematically.

Zimbabwe is endowed with natural energy sources for power generation. Currently it sits on 26 billion tonnes of coal reserves and approximately 40 trillion cubic feet of coal bed methane (CBM) gas. Coal has been fully exploited and it follows on that it should

be the same for CBM albeit with environmental and sustainability considerations.

The Zambezi river basin and the abundant water reserves dotted around the country have a combined potential of more than 3 000 MW of hydropower. Added to this, hydropower potential is present in the Eastern Highlands’ perennial rivers, Tokwe-Mukosi

Dam and Lake Mutirikwi.

Furthermore, the country has not fully exploited solar energy. Solar potential of 16 to 20 MJm2 /day is untapped and can be harvested in several locales countrywide. In 2018, Zimbabwe had grid connected installed capacity of about 5 MW which is greatly below the existing potential.

Zimbabwe has a total potential of 1 000 MW from biomass in the form of bagasse, agricultural and municipal waste, forest residue and other forms. Forest residue from commercial forests has been estimated at 70 000 tonnes which has the potential to generate close to 150 MW of power.

Geothermal energy potential is estimated to be around 50 MW, but has not been harnessed

and presents scope for future exploitation.

Investing in power from wind is another avenue for exploration and implementation. However, experts point out that winds with speeds of three meters per second are not significant for power generation, but can be used for pumping water.

The National Renewable Energy Policy suggests that assessment studies should be conducted at 80 metres hub

height or above to understand the potential for electricity generation.

Renewables based off-grid systems and other clean energy solutions can provide access to electricity and clean energy sources in regions where traditional grid extension is not economically feasible. They provide affordable lighting, improve communications, and improve the quality of healthcare facilities and

educational institutions in addition to other businesses and institutions.

There are a number of off-grid technologies and clean energy solutions that can improve energy access in the urban and rural areas of Zimbabwe. In the remote areas, power generation can be from mini-grids, microgrids and solar lighting, solar home systems and small hydro. Solar water heaters, clean cook stoves and renewable

Text by Perry Kaande

energy based water pumps and systems are other sources of power in off-grid rural communities.

Related to the various potential energy sources, is the issue of financing. ZESA Holdings indicates that there is scope for private investors to participate in the electricity sector by financing “power projects through debt or equity”. Private investors are also encouraged by the utility to generate power as Independent Power Producers and develop power transmission infrastructure as well. Centragid Power Station, Pungwe Mini-Hydro Power Station and Guruve Solar park are operational and have been licensed by ZERA.

Vandalism and theft of power transmission and distribution equipment has exacerbated the power crisis in Zimbabwe. It is therefore imperative that physical and remote surveillance of transmission and distribution assets be implemented.

Overall, key initiatives include plant and equipment maintenance, refurbishment and capacity upgrading as well as innovation to secure power supply.

These circumstances are informed by different assumptions on economic development and the structure of the economy and also take into account the impact of key policies such as energy policies and sector plans, transport, environmental and industrial policies amongst others. This will lead to determining the optimal mix of energy sources and technologies to meet those energy needs to the most cost-effective manner for each of the scenarios.

Technically, the ESRSP aims to improve the availability of reliable electricity supply

through facilitating the creation of an enabling environment for promoting Independent Power Producers and to support further integration of renewable energy power generation capacity.

To complement the above, The National Renewable Energy Policy (NREP) “aims to promote investment in the renewable energy sector. It recommends providing National Project Status to all the renewable energy projects. It encourages the Ministry responsible for Energy to recommend renewable energy projects on case-to-case basis to the Ministry responsible for Finance for according Prescribed Asset Status so as to unlock Insurance and Pension funding. It also recommends specific incentives for promoting third party sale of power. Further, it recommends reduction in licensing fees and relaxations in licensing requirements for renewable energy projects. Favourable tax incentives and rebates are also recommended in the NREP in addition to the existing Statutory Instruments.”

The other expected outcomes of the ESRSP are the development of an integrated resource plan and resource assessments for wind power generation. Zimbabwe stands to benefit from coordinated protection schemes at Southern African Power Pool (SAPP) interconnectors with the ZESA grid. The country is at the geographical centre of the regional power pool and is inter-connected to its four neighbours. This positioning makes the Zimbabwean power utility the power transfer corridor in the region.

It is also expected that accounting regulatory frameworks will be highlighted. This includes

reviewing the tariff methodology and regulatory framework to promote accountability and close any fissures.

It would seem that the direct beneficiaries of ESRSP are the MoEPD, The Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC) and the Zimbabwe Energy Regulatory Authority (ZERA); it cascades to the entire nation. These interventions will ultimately benefit private sector developers of independent power producing facilities and the broader electricity consumer.

In a nutshell, Zimbabwe will benefit from security of supply, lower energy costs and diversity of supply sources including amplified energy efficiency. Extra rewards will be increased promotion of access to energy, the reduction of environmental impacts and decelerated water consumption as well as job creation.

The project is scheduled for implementation over a 30 month period ending in May 2024 having commenced in November 2021.

Southern Africa’s Energy demand and supply scenario

Text by Martin Chemhere

For some years, SADC has been trying to balance the complex mix of energy supply and demand. Despite the region’s rich natural resources, the growth in demand has remained unprecedented, with South Africa and Zimbabwe being the two most affected.

The region’s governments had for some time believed that the rehabilitation of power stations is the solution to solving the energy challenges, however the coming in of renewable

energy has changed their stance. They now see the promotion of renewable energy sources in particular solar, wind, and hydro that the region has in abundance, as having the potential to significantly improve the energy shortages.

Predictions are that the region could produce up to 40,000 MW of electricity, taking into account the completion of the Inga Hydroelectric Project under development in DRC.

The formation in 2015 of SADC Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (SACREE) has added much hope and also helped to accelerate renewable energy adoption across the region. The Namibia based centre drives renewable energy development in the region, creates regional renewable energy and energy efficiency markets, knowledge sharing and technical thought leadership, investment promotion, capacity development, policy and

regulation development as well as technology cooperation. Experts say that by 2030, the region’s renewable energy mix would be at least 35 percent provided there is an increase in its adoption across countries.

The linking up of all SADC member states onto the SAPP power grid has been suggested as one of the ways towards easing energy shortages. The SAPP Pool Plan of 2017, shows the major power generation projects under planning and

commissioned. The plan is driven by key projects of regional significance.

The plan states that the region has either completed or is yet to commission major projects including Camambe II (Angola) commissioned in 2017 and which generates 700 MW, with electricity generated from this project exported.

This project will enable Angola to experience rapid demand growth resulting in net imports by 2040. The second hydropower project for Angola is Lauca (Angola), commissioned in 2017 and generating 2,004 MW, followed by Caculo Cabaça (Angola) generating 2,160 MW in 2022.

Batoka (between Zambia and Zimbabwe) whose completion and commissioning has been delayed, will generate 2,400 MW when finally completed and on stream. When fully operational Zambia will be able to absorb the capacity from through rapid growth, while Zimbabwe will potentially become an exporter. Zambia and Zimbabwe are also jointly planning the development of the Devil’s Gorge, which will contribute a further 1,200 MW to the national grids of the two countries by 2025.

Commissioning of Mozambique’s Mphanda Nkuwa, with 1,500 MW capacity, will scheduled for 2025. This will be a key project, together with the ongoing discoveries and investments in gas and coal, and will make Mozambique a major exporter.

Another hydro plant expected to come on stream in 2026, is yet another Mozambican project, the Cahora Bassa North Bank, with 1,245 MW generation capacity.

The biggest single generation complex is at Inga in DRC, where 11,654 MW of new capacity is to be installed by 2040. This massive project will make DRC a major electricity exporter.

Tanzania will have Stiegler’s Gorge commissioned by 2025 and generating 1,048 MW in its early years of development till 2039. By then hydro will complement Tanzania’s big investments in gas and coal.

“When Mphanda Nkuwa is added in 2028, the(Sociedade Nacional de Transporte) STE project in Mozambique will

have to be in place. The existing Mozambican Transmission Company (MOTRACO) system linking South Africa and the southern part of the grid in Mozambique along with the existing direct current link from Songo to Apollo and also the link from Songo to Zimbabwe would provide adequate capacity for trade with other SAPP members for some time once the STE backbone grid is in place.

The STE grid therefore provides additional capacity for regional trade. The largest hydropower project by far is Inga, which is also the most remote from the centres of demand that it has the potential to serve.

The development of Inga therefore needs to be supported by major transmission line projects,” said the SAPP plan.

African Development Bank supports renewable energy sector in Zimbabwe

The pan-African multilateral financial institution is on a mission to spur economic development in Zimbabwe, one of its regional member countries (RMCs), thus contributing to the country’s energy sufficiency and poverty reduction.

In August 2022, a delegation comprising the bank’s vice president for power, energy, climate, and green growth, Dr Kevin Kariuki, and its vice president for the private sector, infrastructure, and industrialization, Mr. Solomon Quaynor, both met with senior Zimbabwean government officials including the Energy and Power Development Minister Soda Zhemu and representatives of Zambezi River Authority and the Southern Africa Power Pool.

Their deliberations included developing the private sector and options that could be implemented around the potential for renewable energy resources.

Minister Zhemu expressed the Zimbabwean government’s gratitude for the gesture from the AFD, highlighting the

investment made by the bank in Zimbabwe’s energy sector. Investments include US$ 32 million for the Kariba Dam Rehabilitation project, US$59,5 million (ZimFund Emergency Power Infrastructure Rehabilitation Project), US$19 million (Alaska-Karoi Transmission Reinforcement project), and US$3,5 million (Energy Sector Reform Support project).

The Emergency Power Infrastructure Rehabilitation Project (EPIRP) Phase II, is being implemented at a total estimated cost of US$32.94 million. The project aims to support electrical infrastructure development in Zimbabwe and will contribute to the economic recovery process, improving the livelihood of general Zimbabweans. The Phase II Stage I programme (US$ 15.42 million) focused on the Plant Drain System Containment and Effluent Treatment Study at Hwange Power Station, the rehabilitation of two power transmission substations in Bulawayo and Gweru and the refurbishment of power distribution facilities for water supply and wastewater

treatment plants in Harare. The project was also formulated to further the benefits and impacts of Phase I whose components included the rehabilitation of the power generation, transmission, and distribution infrastructure throughout the country.

The Energy Sector Reform Support Technical Assistance Project aims to improve the availability of reliable electricity supply by facilitating the creation of an enabling environment for promoting Independent Power Producers and supporting further integration of renewable energy power generation capacity.

Accounting frameworks,

• Reviewing the tariff methodology and regulatory framework and

• Designed Energy Efficiency programmes in the public sector. The Project cost estimate is UA2.90 million and is scheduled for implementation over 30 months, from November 2021 to May 2024.

AFDB is also involved in the development of the Batoka Gorge Hydro Power project, which when completed will supply electricity to SADC community member countries.

Expected project outputs include:

• Development of an integrated resource plan,

• Wind Resource assessments for wind power generation,

• Coordinated protection schemes at SAPP interconnectors with the ZESA grid,

• Developed Regulatory

In July 2022, the bank announced that it had facilitated funds (US$23 million) for the Emergency Power Infrastructure Rehabilitation Project under its partner ZimFund.

The funds were for the purchase and delivery of a 175 MVA transformer for the Midlands, Mashonaland East, and Mashonaland West Provinces.

Text by Martin Chemhere

Renewable energy IPPs and Mini Hydro’s and other potential energy sources

A look into Zimbabwe’s renewable energy IPPs, mini hydros and other potential sources

Text By Martin Chemhere

Zimbabwe’s adoption of renewable energy technologies has been well documented, especially as the efforts increase to cut off its fossil fuel reliance.

The country’s vast renewable energy resources include solar, hydropower, biomass and to a limited extent, wind and geothermal, that to date have, according to economists, largely remained unexploited. The huge increase in the number of players in solar and

hydropower has been notable in recent years.

Experts say that lack of investment by independent power producers (IPPs) keeps affecting expected growth for the country’s renewable energy sector. Zimbabwe is targeting to generate 1,100MW from renewable energy sources by 2025.

One of the licensed renewable energy projects is in Nyanga

and is run by Nyangani Renewable Energy (Pvt) Ltd (NRE), a Zimbabwean IPP. Created in 2007, it has raised equity and loan capital to build 39MW of hydroelectric and solar generation to deliver electricity into the Zimbabwe national grid. The Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (Pvt) Ltd (ZETDC) operates the national grid.

Including NRE, Zimbabwe’s registered renewable energy project operators as of March 2023 include names like Zimbabwe Zhongxin Electrical Energy Thermal Power Station, Triangle Power Station, Pungwe Mini Hydro (A) Power Station, Centragrid Power Station, Green Fuel Ethanol Power Plant, Jersey Estate Solar Plant, Blanket Mine Solar Plant and many others.

The Zimbabwean government, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and the private sector have supported the development of renewable energy since 1980. A number of programmes have been implemented to promote the adoption of renewable energy technologies such as National Energy Policy, Sustainable Energy for All (SE4ALL), The National Biogas Programme, Rural Electrification (using solar mini-grids), Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), Renewables Readiness Assessment (RRA),

Climate Policy among others.

Zimbabwe has some of the best solar irradiation for solar PV projects, perennial runoff river sites ideal for minihydro plants in the Eastern Highlands and inland dams that have potential to generate power for the long term.

In line with the increased thrust on clean energy, the IDBZ (Infrastructure Development Bank of Zimbabwe) has taken a deliberate position to play a more active role in efforts to

increase electricity generation from renewables, through its own projects and also collaborating with IPPs. These projects include Osborne Dam and Odzani Mini Hydro Project in Manicaland. On completion, the two will contribute to the national grid, Osborne with 1,7 megawatts while the latter’s capacity is yet to be determined. The bank is contributing to the increase in generation of renewable energy by identifying three sites with the capacity to generate 67MW of clean energy.

In the last quarter of 2022, the Zimbabwe government introduced incentives to step up the generation of 1,000 megawatts of privately owned solar energy projects estimated around US$1 billion.

It is hoped that that the steady growth that Zimbabwe is currently experiencing in the renewable energy sector will lead to energy efficiency and economic prosperity for the country in the near future.

Potential of National Integrated Energy Resource Plan (NIERP) under the Energy Sector Reform Support project

The Government of Zimbabwe received Grant Funding from the African Development Fund part of which will be used to carry out the National Integrated Energy Resource Plan (NIERP) under the Energy Sector Reform Support Project (ESRSP).

The gist of the plan is to see projects being implemented

through a competitive procurement process to attract cost effective projects. Until the commissioning of Hwange 7 and 8, the country was grappling with power shortages and reduced power imports due to the acute shortage of foreign currency.

The Ministry of Energy and Power Development (MoEPD) indicated that the purpose

of the plan is ‘to examine available energy resources and determine the least–cost energy options, evaluate the security of supply options while providing information on the opportunities for investment into new energy projects.”

Additionally, NIERP intends to examine specific public policies, including those on

security of energy supply and the risks associated with the current system.

Moreover the exercise will analyse current energy consumption trends within different sectors of the economy and use the information gathered to anticipate future energy requirements based on different dynamics.

Text by Perry Kaande

Text by Perry Kaande

Bulk distributor enters the fuel retail sector

Text by Perry Kaande Images by Fotohaus

Nova Energy, a wholesaler and bulk distributor of petroleum products now has a retail footprint in the Zimbabwean fuel sector after opening a service station in Graniteside, Harare.

The company was incorporated in 2022 and quickly became a key supplier and purveyor of bulk fuel, lubricants and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). The service station, located at the corner of Seke and Cam Road began operations on the 8th of June this year and offers a variety of petroleum products, including petrol, diesel 50 and assorted oils.

“We understand that our role goes beyond just the transportation and distribution of fuel. We are a reliable and trusted supplier that offers competitive pricing for all our products and services,” chief executive officer Maxine Maparura says.

At the forecourt, safety protocols are evident and there is ample space for customer vehicles to be attended to by the friendly and friendly staff. Additionally, there is a three-bay workshop area, where it is envisaged that a fitment centre will be set up.

Directly behind the service station, there is a three-story building that previously housed a commercial bank, which will serve as Nova Energy’s head office in the near future, albeit once renovations have been completed. Currently, the headquarters are in Chisipite, with the truck yard located in Sandton.

With a five-star rating from the Zimbabwe Energy Regulatory (ZERA), customers can expect to find hygienic amenities, a convenience kiosk that sells snacks and free tyre pressure as well as the luxury of having their car windscreens cleaned while they fill up. The Nova Energy chief notes that “the

company is committed to providing its customers with a high-quality experience.” The company indicates that it intends to “increase premium energy solutions across Zimbabwe.” This expectation has already been set in motion as the process of introducing another service station in

Cowdray Park in Bulawayo is at an advanced stage.

The fuel retail facility is open 24 hours a day. Its location along a busy thoroughfare between the central business district, the Graniteside industrial area, and surrounding suburbs such

as Braeside and Sunningdale as well as the dormitory town of Chitungwiza put it in good stead to offer convenience.

In the instance of a power outage, the service station has a Nexus 16.2 KVA diesel 3-phase silent generator on standby.

It is also anticipated that solar power will be installed in line with greening operations.

The petroleum firm points out that it is dedicated to supporting the sustainability of its local and regional industries, adding that “our role is to assist in economic growth and development through the provision of efficient and cost-effective services.” The diversified petroleum company has operations in Zimbabwe, South Africa, and Mozambique.

The freight unit, ‘Nova Elite Logistics’ has the capability to deliver fuel across the continent. It has a fleet of 15 tanker trucks with a volume of 43 000 litres each and three rigid trucks with a carrying capacity of 20 000 litres individually. Hence, we do not foresee the fuel pumps running dry.

Nova Energy is reachable on the numbers +263 (242) 495108 / 495102, +263 8677115736 / 8677190361. Alternatively, emails may be sent to admin@novaenergy. co.zw. Physically they are located at 11 Jenkinson Road, Chisipite in Harare, on the 10th Floor of Fidelity Life Centre in Bulawayo as well as stand 193 and 194 in Sandton (Harare). In South Africa the company is situated at 11 Alice Lane, Building 3 in Johannesburg.

RadX Construction

Delivering Excellence in Construction Projects in Southern Africa

RadX Construction, the result of a successful merger between the Fenix and Berry Juice groups of companies in 2022, has swiftly emerged as a multidiscipline construction firm that stands out in the industry. With a strong presence in Zimbabwe, Mozambique, South Africa, and Botswana, RadX is dedicated to serving the Mining, Industrial, Commercial, Residential, Hospitality, Oil & Gas, and Infrastructure sectors. RadX focuses on its experience and

expertise in remote areas, complete control of its supply chains, and exceptional project management to meet its clients’ construction needs effectively.

RadX Construction’s pride is its key strength: the ability to operate seamlessly in remote and challenging environments. With a deep understanding of the unique logistical and operational demands posed by such locations, RadX has successfully executed projects

in areas where few others dare to venture, including island projects, projects in war zones and projects which require specialised transport to access due to the complete lack of road access.

Whether it is mining installations in remote regions or infrastructure development in challenging terrains, RadX possesses the necessary experience and resources to tackle these complex projects.

RadX recognises the critical role that efficient supply chains play in delivering successful construction projects. By meticulously managing its supply chains, RadX ensures timely delivery of materials, equipment, and resources to project sites, regardless of their location. This approach minimises delays, increases project efficiency, and ensures that clients receive top-quality construction services without compromising on quality.

At the core of RadX’s success lies it’s focused project management capabilities. The company’s dedicated team of professionals works closely with clients, from project inception to completion, to understand their unique requirements and provide tailored solutions.

RadX’s client-focused approach places great emphasis

on value engineering, ensuring that projects are optimised for cost-effectiveness and efficiency, while maintaining the highest quality standards.

RadX Construction prides itself on its unwavering commitment to client satisfaction. With a deep understanding that each client has distinct

construction needs, RadX focuses on building strong relationships based on trust, open communication, and collaborative problem-solving. Quality Control of all aspects of each project is baked into Radx’s DNA and has evolved over 20 years of experience and an unwavering commitment to their clients.

RadX has worked for an enviable portfolio of bluechip clients, many of which are repeat customers: Total Energies, Sasol, Cutrag Processors, Electricidade de Mozambique, Innscor, Consolidated Tobacco Processors, Tobacco Sales, Pick & Pay, Shoprite, Gemfields, African Century and many others.

In a competitive construction industry, RadX Construction has emerged as a leading player, thanks to its expertise in remote areas, supply chain management, outstanding project management capabilities, and unwavering client focus. By combining the strengths of the Fenix and Berry Juice groups, RadX has positioned itself as the go to partner for complex construction projects across Zimbabwe, Mozambique, South Africa, and Botswana.

As RadX continues to grow and expand its operations, RadX Construction is poised to redefine the construction landscape in the region, offering innovative solutions and delivering successful projects that exceed client expectations.

Invictus Energy’s long-awaited gas and oil discovery and what this means for Zimbabweans in Muzarabani

Text by Perry Kaande

Invictus Energy announced that phase 2 exploration had commenced with 2D seismic at the Cabora Bassa Project. The aim of the survey is to mature already identified leads into drill ready prospects to add the 5.5 billion barrel of oil equivalent (BOE) prospective resource.

BOE is used as a way of comparing natural gas volumes to crude oil when measuring reserves or production.

As the investors, financiers and technocrats crunch the numbers, what does the mining of oil and gas in Cabora Bassa Basin mean for the locals in Muzarabani?

Invictus Energy Managing Director, Scott

Macmillan noted that this would unlock potential energy reserves for the country going forward.

“This is just the first step to unlocking the potential of the Cabora Bassa Basin, with the seismic campaign to identify future exploration wells with the potential to not only add to Zimbabwe’s future energy security, but the entire Southern African region”, he revealed

In May this year, The Company confirmed the presence of light oil, gascondensate and helium in the Mukuyu-1 mud gas compositional analysis. Notably, the helium content is consistent with universal commercial helium producers.

“The presence of helium gas in commercial concentrations in multiple reservoir units is comparable with global helium producing fields and provides an additional high value by- product,” Macmillan noted.

Helium is a colourless and odourless gas that is totally unreactive. The gas is used as a cooling medium in satellite instruments and superconducting magnets in MRI scanners. It is used to provide an inert protective atmosphere for producing fibre optics and semiconductors as well as filling car airbags after impact among a number of uses because of its low density and unreactive state. Hence, there is potential for

export but more so for localised beneficiation.

From the onset, Invictus has been on point in its recruitment policy through contracted Canadian firm ‘Polaris Natural Resource Development’, which in 2021 recruited approximately 100 locals for the initial seismic campaign.

“As with the CB21 campaign, Polaris carried out a local recruitment drive, which will see 100 local employees involved in the seismic campaign, the vast majority of whom come from the local communities where the seismic infill operations are focused,” Macmillan said.

So far Invictus has identified a portfolio of exploration prospects in the Basin Margin Play estimated to hold a combined 1.17 billion barrels of conventional oil on a gross mean unrisked basis.

This should translate to visible development of infrastructure such as housing, hospitals, schools and social amenities. Structures would need interlinking roads and communications infrastructure. The availability of potable water, sewer reticulation and electrification would also bolster Muzarabani and the surrounding communities.

“Work completed under the CSR program includes the upgrading of roads, drilling of water boreholes, installation of solar panels and pumps and above ground storage tanks

to provide year-round and continuous water for clinics, schools and communities in the Mbire and Muzarabani districts,” Invictus explains.

The oil and gas prospector also had the Environmental Impact Assessment and Environmental Management Plan renewed by the Environment Management Agency (EMA), which clears the pathway for the high impact Mukuyu- 2 well planned to spud later this year.

“We also remain on schedule to spud the Mukuyu-2 appraisal well in the third quarter- CY23 with the aim of confirming a commercial discovery and putting the Company on a pathway to development,” the managing director hinted.

The Company also indicates that the Cabora Bassa Project has multiple monetisation options and routes to market which will enable the swift development of any discovery. Invictus has already secured two Gas Sale Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) with established customers in Zimbabwe to supply up to a total of 1.2 trillion cubic feet (TcF) of natural gas over a 20 year period to an ammonium nitrate fertilizer manufacturer and gas to power developer.

Invictus Energy is an independent upstream oil and gas company listed on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX: IVZ)

The first washed coal production and CSR for Binga residents.

Contango Holdings gives updates on Lubu Coking Coal Project

London listed Contango Holdings PLC, recently updated the market on the progress they have made at their Lubu Coking Coal Project, located in the Hwange mining district.

Contango has a 70% stake in the mining project and the local partners hold the remaining 30%. The mine is located in the Karroo Mid Zambezi coal basin in Hwange, and is said to contain more than 1.3 billion tonnes of raw coal.

The company announced discussions had taken place relating to a potential longterm offtake for coking coal produced at Contango’s Lubu Coking Coal Project (the “Project”). The discussions were held with the Zimbabwean subsidiary of a major Chinese industrial company and one of the world’s largest stainless-steel producers (the “Potential Offtake Partner”).

The potential offtake partner has a sizeable footprint in Zimbabwe, with

plans to construct a US$1bn carbon steel plant in the country and is currently in the process of constructing several coke batteries in the Hwange region of Zimbabwe.

Contango is pleased to advise a productive site visit took place at Lubu with senior members of the potential offtake partner in attendance. Since the site visit, discussions have continued to make good progress, with an agreement now reached between

Contango will now focus on extracting bulk samples of the high value coking and metallurgical coals found in the 1A Lower and MSU seams. Although close to surface, this will be treated as an underground operation, like those previously mined around Hwange Colliery, enabling the company to focus specifically on the high value product of particular interest to the partner for

Contango and the potential offtake partner on the next steps to advance the project.

Text by Martin Chemhere

its newly built coke batteries, expected to be commissioned later.

With the increasing likelihood of a positive outcome with the partner, Contango will shortly approve the appointment of a mining engineer, who will be charged with identifying the best areas for underground mining, specifically looking at fresh coal characteristics and strength importance, needed to determine mine depth cut-off. In addition, liaising with Contango’s technical team, the engineer will also help select the best excavation position for a 4m x 4m shaft, from which the bulk sample will be taken.

Completion of the shaft and collection of the approximate

150 tonnes bulk sample is expected to take about 45 days. The bulk samples will then be transferred to Hwange, where it will be washed by the Potential Offtake Partner’s plant before being run through its laboratory and coke batteries at the Potential Offtake Partner’s cost.

Given the work already undertaken by Contango and the potential offtake partner, the company believes there will be a good level of confidence in the positive results of this testwork, which will enable the two parties to finalise the long-term formal offtake agreement. This targeted underground approach is expected to be funded from existing cash resources, having

minimised the upfront capital expenditure by Contango prior.

The presence of the Lubu Coking Coal Project is expected to improve Zimbabwe’s economic outlook and contribute to a projected US$12 billion mining industry by the end of this year. Lubu has a strong corporate social responsibility (CSR) policy. It had to find the best way to compensate people it displaced to establish the coking coal production plant by building modern housing facilities. This gesture translates to a quality and healthy lifestyle for the affected communities.

The mine has since been renamed to Muchesu Coal in a gesture inspired by the

local village it falls under and exercised as a way to create a strong identity and bond with the local people.

Binga youths will have employment opportunities within their locality, thereby improving the dignity and social standing of the surrounding communities.

Downstream small scale businesses will indirectly benefit from the expected boom of the encomies of the district and the Matabeleland South Province.

The project will also enhance the country’s energy and export sectors.

DStv Head Office In Avondale Goes Green

Africa’s leading television entertainment company, DSTV, recently contracted another leading African solar energy industry player, the Harare-based Solar Energy Projects (SEP), to design and install a solar power system for their head office in Harare.

SEP matched the high-quality standards consistent with the continental broadcasting giant’s reputation. Resultantly, it birthed a spanking

renewable energy-friendly head office, taking pride of place at number 20 King George Rd, Avondale.

The brief from the DSTV to SEP was that the system had to power the whole premise and the solar specialists delivered as always.

Site assessment was done to determine if it was suitable for solar panel installation. This included checking the roof’s orientation, pitch, and

ENERGY PROJECTS

load-bearing capacity. The orientation of one part of the roof was spot on as it had been designed to face north. Installation work depends on where the roof faces and in cases where they don’t face northwards, the task can be a bit challenging putting up the necessary positioning to facilitate smoother installation. North facing roofs reduce downtime as they allow work plans to go ahead immediately.

“The location of the DSTV building naturally helped with the installation processes, as the building is in a strategic position. We found north facing roofs that allowed us to put quite a large number of panels on the roof then on the other portion we had to do ground mount structures,” explained Timothy T. Mukamba, Solar Energy Project’s Technical Support Engineer.

Text by Martin Chemhere Images by Fotohaus

The engineering and design of the solar system were then followed to meet the specific needs of DSTV. This included determining the number and size of solar panels, as well as the type of mounting system. Once the design was complete, the solar equipment was ordered and included the solar panels, mounting system, inverter, and electrical wiring. “The design and installation of the project happened in several stages. The first thing

during our design is site assessment and data logging. At this stage, we gather the correct information about the peak, average, and base load demand. The second step will be the data analysis and system design. At this stage, we will be analysing the obtained data and coming up with the system size then the right equipment. This is done by our engineering team. Depending on the site we then determine whether we

can do roof or ground mount structures,” said Mukamba.

The solar panels were then installed and thereafter they were interconnected to the national grid. This involved connecting the solar inverter to the electrical panel at the complex. The project which is classified as commercial, involved the installation of Atess Inverter PCS 250kw, MPPT Charger PBD 250kw, Jinko solar panels, Freedom

won battery HV 300kw, and Bypass cabinet. A special inverter room lockable and airconditioned was built to house the equipment.

Testing and commissioning of the solar system were then carried out to ensure its efficiency.

SEP worked with subcontractors who helped with installation under their supervision before they commission the system. This

gives them more time to execute a lot of projects efficiently, at once without hiccups on manpower.

Mukamba explained that the purpose of the solar system is to power all equipment for the whole premise. The aim is to reduce electricity bills with the future

provision of net metering.

He highlighted that working on the project “was a bit easy due to the power of experience.”

“Also it’s the closest site we ever done which was an advantage to us. Key design elements of the project were peak load, average load, and the backup time needed. With our

equipment, we managed to curb the total load, and the backup time is aided by generator automatic start synchronisation.”

The medium scale commercial project has an output of 0.25 megawatts. A surplus output of approximately 60kw will be generated to supply the national grid,

and that amount is realised when charging and more when the battery is full.

Completion of this project is important to SEP as it is yet another great way to market the company. It is also a milestone in the company’s growth.

ZERA conducts countrywide net metering workshops

Text by Martin Chemhere

As “net metering” and “energy efficiency” increasingly become buzz words in Zimbabwe, the Zimbabwe Energy Regulatory Authority (ZERA) is ensuring that the entire nation is aware of the value of power conservation and sustainability.

The agency is doing this through a countrywide stakeholder awareness campaign that commenced in March and has reached Beitbridge, Bulawayo, Gweru, Masvingo and Mutare.

The campaign is being conducted primarily to inform and educate electricity users about the benefits derived from net metering to manage the country’s power supply disparity.

As a new energy efficiency technology, net metering enables accurate billing through the crediting of solar energy system owners for the total amount of electric power they add to the national grid.

Zimbabwe is currently experiencing electricity challenges, and to sustainably manage the situation, it has to deploy some of the best electricity management technologies available.

ZERA’s campaign will go a long way to bring solidity to Zimbabwe’s energy industry and the economy at large. Guaranteeing reliable energy supplies throughout the year and throughout the country is the agency’s priority.

The effectiveness of net metering is already being felt in the current generation of six megawatts being directed into the national grid. Generation of a further 8 megawatts is expected as several applications from across the spectrum of Zimbabwe are reportedly in the processing stage for approval in the short term. ZERA anticipates the national grid to soon be absorbing more than 20 megawatts through netmetering.

Efforts to move Zimbabwe to energy efficiency status are being complemented by the Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission Distribution Company (ZETDC), through a promotion where electricity users are receiving net meters free of charge. Though cost has been cited as a major factor in the roll out of the net metering technology, the current national campaign gives hope to the nation.

Understanding Zimbabwe’s green building and sustainable design sector

The terms ‘green building’ and ‘sustainable design’ are often thrown around but what do they actually mean and how do they relate to energy and power consumption? How do these concepts help to regulate and define a better use of natural resources and impact on our environment and our lifestyles? The terms are often used interchangeably but there are subtle differences. Green buildings tend to focus only on the environmental impact of the construction process and the finished structure, whereas sustainable design focuses on the three interrelated principals of ‘people, planet, profit’. However, a good, sustainable, architectural design – which incorporates a number of engineering features – will

produce a green building. Green building incorporates methods and materials that that lead to structures that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building’s life cycle, from site selection to demolition or reuse. The choice of building materials that are recycled or recyclable also makes a building more sustainable.

Some of the main features of green building and sustainable design are:

1. Energy efficient windows. Buildings, whether homes, offices or apartment blocks should incorporate features that reduce the demands on outside energy supplies.

Large windows, for example, reduce the need for electrical lighting. The placement of window openings is important too. In Zimbabwe north facing windows get the best natural sunlight in winter helping to keep interior spaces warm - while in summer north facing windows get less sunlight reducing the need for cooling. Carefully placed windows can also provide cross ventilation so there’s no need for air conditioning in summer.

2. Water recycling. Buildings that incorporate grey water recycling reduce the demand for water and ensure that water is used most efficiently and

effectively. Although most of the more sophisticated water recycling and purifying systems produce water that is safely drinkable, most systems recycle the water for things like filling up the toilet cistern, water for washing and bathing or for use on the garden. A number of cluster homes and townhouse complexes in Zimbabwe are now incorporating recycling systems as the demand for water in urban areas increases.

3. Rain water harvesting. Rain water is an important resource that usually literally runs down the drain. For the average house the water

Text by Michael Nott

Text by Martin Chemhere

collected from the gutters and drainpipes can be stored in tanks that will provide water through at least part of the dry season. The water can be used for washing and bathing – although it might not advisable to drink it without further purifying. Roofs collect dust and debris that need to be filtered out however, it’s a great resource for watering the garden or the vegetable patch.

4. Solar and renewable energy. Solar geysers help to reduce the demand for electricity quite dramatically. They’re easy to install and require little or no maintenance. Solar panels can be used to directly power up appliances during daylight or to charge up batteries – through an inverter –to supply power at night. Excess power generated can even be fed directly in to the national grid for a credit and also to reduce pressure on the grid. In Europe and other parts of the world geo-thermal systems are used for heating and cooling although this has yet to be fully embraced in Zimbabwe.

To find out more contact the Green Building Council of Zimbabwe:

Email: info@gbczw.org.zw

Call: +263 8644 132868

Website: http://www.gbczw.org.zw

New Service Station Grading & Labeling System

Text

The Zimbabwe Energy Regulatory Authority (ZERA) recently developed a grading and labeling system for service stations to bolster customer service experiences.

The grading system evaluates a service station’s ability to provide value added services at its forecourt. The Minister of Energy and Power Development, Soda Zhemu is on record as saying that the system will “help consumers realise the full range of services that fuel service stations can offer to enhance customer service experience and value for money.”

The grade that a service station is awarded is dependent on the level at which it meets technical and customer service standards. The add-ons apart from fuel pump service include windscreen cleaning, free tyre pressure, ablution facilities and safety as well as shopping convenience.

The colour coding of the labels denotes the rating. For instance, the orange label is for service stations that are considered to be a ‘fair site’, blue is for a ‘good site’ rated three stars and green denotes a ‘very good’ site and allotted five stars.

A five star site provides all the requisite customer service features and meets a very high level of technical standards compliance.

To date, more than 350 service stations have been rated and are required to display the labels at the shop front where they are clearly visible. It is expected that there will be an improvement of standards and service delivery across the petroleum service industry.

Previously, ZERA had demanded and enforced high standards of infrastructure and product quality through compliance enforcement. The new system encourages self-assessment and selfimprovement by the service stations in the conduct of their business. It gives customers an “independent view of technical and customer service standards prevailing at graded fuel sites,” adds Minister Zhemu.

by Perry Kaande

EVs drivepioneeringinnovation in Zimbabwe and setting tone for a future.greener

As the electric vehicle concept advances in Africa, on the back of innovation for a better life, the Zimbabwean market has just started to warm up to it, courtesy of a few players that are making headway.

BYD Zimbabwe (BYD), Zuva Energy Solutions, and Mobility For Africa (MFA) are some of the most active players in the Zimbabwean market. More players keep coming through as the green energy trend scales up.

The EV product line from BYD is extensive and includes trucks, vans, utility vehicles, buses, mini-busses, and passenger cars. Early this year, they supplied 18 EVs to the Zimbabwean government through Central Mechanical Equipment Department (CMED), thereby increasing the number of EVs in the country which stood at 30 registered in 2022. This development is a sign that Zimbabwe is stepping up the promotion and use of smart energy in line with international standards.

Of the total number of EVs bought by the government, the bulk are deployed with EasyGo Car Hire and Travel a private company wholly owned by CMED (Pvt) Ltd.

The future is here.......

Introducing the all new BYD ATTO 3, mini SUV 100% electric

COOL AND FUN, SMOOTH AND SAFE

With its edgy look and avantegarde interior, high intelligence, and fun factor, ATTO 3 raises the bar of design. Powered by BYD’s ultra-safe Blade Battery technology, what more could you ask for? Embrace it. It will surprise you and make your life better.

BYD specialises in solar energy, economical electrified transportation, and dependable energy storage. Their latest models include the EM7, a solar and electric vehicle, as well as the EV7, an electric vehicle.

The remainder is being used at the Robert Mugabe Airport as shuttle cars. A few years back BYD Zimbabwe also unveiled in Zimbabwe, an electric van (commercial vehicle), the BYD T3 that runs 100% on electricity.

Zuva Energy Solutions recently signed a contract with Electric Vehicle Center Africa (EVCA) to create a network of electric vehicle charging stations in Harare.

There were also the women farmers in Domboshava, just outside Harare, who received 88 electric tricycles from the European Union (EU) as a way to transform rural livelihoods.

Mobility For Africa (MFA) provides renewable energy charged electric tricycles for

Committed to a sustainable future through electrification, the company aims to help Zimbabwe move from fossil fuel consumption to zero-emission battery electric vehicles.

rural communities to reduce distances and contribute to improved local economies. The tricycles are powered through community based off-grid energy supply. They recently signed a US$2 million agreement with InfraCo Africa, a Zimbabwean investment firm to deploy 400 electric vehicles across Zimbabwe’s rural areas.

The agreement will see solar powered vehicles, known as “hambas” (“go forward” in Ndebele language), being built in Harare for the local market. There will also be the production of 600 electric batteries and the installation of eight charging stations. This will aid the development of a sustainable transportation ecosystem to advance sustainable development,

especially in areas underserved by the national power grid.

“MFA believes in shared transport solutions. We aim to support a circular economy, by creating jobs, enhancing current livelihoods, and improving mobility and productivity in a cooperative model,” said the MFA website.

It is encouraging to see Zimbabwe committing to working with clean energy solutions for the transport sector and also to move the country towards climate change mitigation. The country has caught up with the EVs drive innovation and its path toward a green ecosystem is bright!

Text by Martin Chemhere

World’s largest Dangote Petroleum Refinerycommissioned

Nigeria commissioned the Dangote Refinery with aspirations of transforming the country into a net exporter of petroleum products.

At the beginning of the year, Nigeria was plagued with persistent fuel shortages and the refinery is regarded as the answer to the challenges.

The Dangote Refinery has a capacity to refine 650 000 barrels of oil per day. In 2022, the country spent approximately USD23 billion on petroleum products and consumes circa 33 million litres of petrol daily.

During the commissioning of the refinery owner and major shareholder in the project Aliko Dangote said the priority was to push production to ensure the refinery could completely satisfy Nigerian demand and “eliminate the tragedy of import dependency”. The Government of Nigeria holds a 20 percent stake in the refinery.

Dangote had expected to begin refining in June. However some pundits namely ‘Energy Aspects’ a leading provider of global data and intelligence for energy commodity and macro markets, projected operations to commence later in the year. This is premised on the uncertainty of supplies of crude. The think tank is still optimistic that in the long term, the refinery could end Nigeria’s petrol deficit and ultimately export diesel that meets European Union standards.

The petrochemical plant is touted to be the world’s largest single train refinery. Initial estimates for construction were pegged at between USD12 billion and14 billion, but ended up at around USD19 billion possibly because the project suffered a 10 year delay.

The petrochemicals facility includes a 435 megawatt power station, a fertilizer unit and a deep sea port.

Text by Perry Kaande

Fuel transportation and logistics in Zimbabwe

Most of the fuel in Zimbabwe enters the country via the pipeline which runs from the port of Beira in Mozambique to Feruka in Mutare and then to NOIC’s main depots and storage facilities in Harare (Msasa and Mabvuku), Bulawayo, Mutare and Beitbridge. Some fuel is transported from Beira and from South Africa by road and rail. Once in the country internal transportation of fuel to customers and consumers is done by road, by specialised fuel tankers which need to conform to stringent health and safety regulations. Most fuel tankers are fitted with either solid chassis hulls – tanker trucks - or skid tanks on flat beds. A skid tank is specially designed for stability with a cylindrical tank mounted on skids or runners which allow you to easily relocate your tank if it cannot be lifted. These tanks are built to withstand rugged treatment. Capacities range from 1,000 litres to 10,000 litres. All forms of road transportation require operators to meet strict standards of safety for loading and offloading both at source and at the final delivery destination.

Road transport is the most logical solution for delivering smaller amounts of fuels to service stations and industrial users. Tankers can reach remote areas or places where there is no easy access and it’s quite an efficient mode of transport.

Tankers can be built with internal compartments so different types of fuel can be transported at one time, rather than having to make separate trips for petrol, diesel or other fuel.

Private companies are now able to import fuel through DFIs (direct fuel imports) under license from ZERA. For some years Zimbabwe experienced severe fuel shortages and even rationing, but the various options now available, and the increased efficiency of NOIC, has made the fuel supply situation much more stable and reliable. Currently fuel is easily available at all service stations across the country and the price, as regulated by ZERA, is fairly stable, although most fuel is sold in USD.

As the economy grows industry, mining and agriculture are all demanding more fuel. The number of small private vehicles on Zimbabwe’s roads has also grown rapidly and exponentially in recent years adding to increased demand. The number of service stations has increased across the country to meet these needs with new service stations opening up every month. Particularly after the restrictions imposed by the COVID epidemic have eased, and industry slowly returns to normal, the call for fuel has increased dramatically.

Text by Michael Nott

According to figures released by ZERA Zimbabwe’s fuel consumption increased to almost 1,2 billion litres during the 11 months to November 2021, compared to just over one billion litres in 2020 – and the upward trend has continued in 2022 and through to this year.

As the demand for fuel is increasing there is a corresponding rise in the number of companies offering fuel delivery and logistics. Logistics can be defined as “the process of planning and executing the efficient transportation and storage of goods from the point of origin to the point of consumption.” A number of smaller companies that specialise in the transportation of fuel are opening up to meet current demands, and the rationalising of fuel licenses by ZERA has helped stimulate this sector of the economy. However, a handful of bigger and more established companies continue to dominate. One of the most established is Dharwizi. It is a rapidly expanding fuel transport company which was registered in Zimbabwe in 2002 to provide reliable, fast and efficient road transport and delivery services for fuel across Southern Africa. RAM Petroleum has partnered with Dharwizi in the transportation business and has their own outlets and service stations.

They also have substantial fuel storage facilities. Strauss Logistics is a leading bulk fuel transporter based in Zimbabwe for both road and rail transport across central Africa and the SADC region. Petrofit Energy supplies fuel in bulk and retail quantities including petrol, diesel and LP Gas. ZX Fuels

(Private) Limited, a Zimbabwean company incorporated in 2009, is licensed under ZERA to import and wholesale petroleum products throughout Zimbabwe. While there are many companies that specialise in fuel transport these are a few leaders of the pack.

Mineral Fuels and oil products top imports

Text by Perry Kaande

Mineral fuels, oils and products of their distillation, bituminous substances as well as mineral waxes are major contributors to Zimbabwe’s import bill with fluctuations between 15 to 22 percent month-onmonth.

Mineral fuels such as crude oil and natural gas occur naturally underground and have a number of uses in

the energy, industrial and commercial sectors.

Without capacity for extraction and refining crude oil, Zimbabwe imports 100 percent of its petroleum fuel requirements through pipeline and road.

The major source of the mineral fuels supplied to the country is South Africa and Mozambique. However, there is on-going

exploration for deposits in the Muzarabani area oil. The commodity has water-proofing and and lubricant. Petroleum Jelly, grease and paraffin distillates. The commodities’ prices are heavily dependent

Transformer manufacturing an investment for power delivery

Zimbabwe’s power distribution capacity can be amplified premised on the local production of power distribution equipment that feeds electricity to both domestic and industrial consumers. Resultantly, increased and constant power supply will ramp up production in all sectors of the economy and improve societal well-being.

The Parliamentary Portfolio Committee for Energy and Power Development chaired by Honourable Joel Gabbuza earlier this year tabled a report ‘On the Manufacturing and Supply of Transformers in Zimbabwe’.

The report highlighted that “that local manufacturers had a capacity to design,

manufacture, test and supply an average of 100- 250 transformers per month subject to availability of foreign currency and competitively priced key raw materials.”

The Committee’s document noted that there was scope for downstream industries to augment the production of transformers through local manufacture of related components. In turn, this would reduce the import bill.

“The Committee learnt that the transformer manufacturing sector was heavily reliant on imported materials. As such, there was an opportunity for investors to set up plants to manufacture raw materials such as porcelain and bushings instead of competing to

supply transformers to the country. Such investments would also reduce the country’s importation bill and contribute to employment creation,” the Committee reported.

ZESA Enterprises (ZENT), a wholly owned subsidiary of ZESA Holdings, is strategically positioned to serve the local market and the Southern African Development Community (SADC).

ZESA Holdings in a document titled ‘Total Electrification of Zimbabwe- ZESA Strategic Response to Vision 2030’ that provides potential investors with fundamental information on investing in the power sector in Zimbabwe, points out that “ZESA Enterprises has the capacity to

manufacture transformers and power line equipment for the power sector in Zimbabwe and the region.”

ZENT also has the capability to manufacture other electricity infrastructure such as concrete poles, substations, line accessories, low-voltage distribution boards, metering cubicles, control panels and gang nails, which are vital for electricity connection in the country.

Apart from ZENT, Zimbabwe has other reputable transformer manufactures such as, Nical Transformers, Hawker Siddeley Engineering (South Wales) and SE Electrical Engineers among a host of others.

Text by Perry Kaande Images by Teamview

Private distribution transformer manufacturers have also voiced for the need to be allowed to participate in the recovery of copper components from faulty transformers. The element is crucial in the transformer manufacturing sector. Currently only CAFCA, a cable producing entity is the only company that has permission to do so.

Venturing into the assembly of Aluminium-wound and dry type transformers will expand the product offering. Aluminium is a cheaper alternative to curb the vandalism of transformers, but

it is not as durable as Copper.

Institutions of higher learning can also play a critical role in producing and supplying electricity distribution equipment. Harare Institute of Technology (HIT) under the ambit of Powerfirm Private Limited, a company wholly owned by the technology institute designs and manufactures both oil and dry power distribution transformers. The tertiary education centre supplies various sectors and commercial users.

Local production with the right pricing model can offset

the competition of imported transformers coming into the country from China and India. An imported 25 KVA aluminium transformer is pegged between USD1 000 to USD1 800 whilst locally produced units are around USD3 300. In such a scenario Zimbabwean clients prefer buying imported transformers even though they are not as durable as the ones produced locally. Also, the Zimbabwean products at the current prices cannot be competitive in the global industry.

Following on, there is need for the Government to place certain interventions that

will improve production capacity such as allowing manufacturers to access foreign currency for the procurement of components that are not available in the country. It is also critical that the power utility, ZESA engages international technology transfer partners to aid with modern technology to improve capacity, efficiency and reliability.

The nation targets to increase the number of households accessing electricity and modern energy from 52.29 percent in 2017 to 100 percent by 2030.

Importance Of Regulations For Electrical Installations

Installations of residential, commercial, public, industrial, agricultural and horticultural premises, prefabricated buildings, construction sites, exhibitions and other temporary buildings as well as of outdoor lighting are regulated governed by wiring regulations.

The purpose of the regulations is to set rules for the design and erection of electrical installations so as to provide for safety and proper functioning for the intended use. All electrical installations in Zimbabwe must conform to the wiring regulations.

The regulations are important because they provide for safety of persons, livestock, and property against dangers and damage which may arise in the reasonable use of electrical installations. Risk of injury may result from:

1. Shock currents

2. Excessive temperatures likely to cause burns, fires, and other injurious effects

3. Mechanical movement of electrically actuated equipment

4. Explosion Protection

shock

against electric

Persons and livestock must be protected so far as is reasonably practicable against dangers that may arise from live parts of the installation. This protection can be achieved by one of the following methods:

a. Preventing a current from passing through the body of any person or any livestock

b. Limiting the current which can pass through the body to a value lower than the shock current

c. Automatic disconnection of supply in a determined time on the occurrence of a fault likely to cause a current flow through a body in contact with exposed-conductive parts, where the value of that current is equal or greater than the shock current

Protection against thermal effects

As far as is reasonably practicable the electrical installation must be so arranged that the risk of ignition of flammable material due to high temperature or electric arc is reduced. In addition, during normal operation of the electrical equipment, the risk of burns to persons or livestock shall be reduced so far as is reasonably practicable.

Persons, fixed equipment and fixed materials adjacent to electrical equipment must also be protected against harmful effects of heat or thermal radiation emitted by electrical equipment, particularly the following consequences:

a. Combustion, ignition or degradation of materials

b. Risk of burns

c. Impairment of the safe function of installed equipment

Electrical equipment should not present a fire hazard to adjacent materials. Protection against overcurrent, fault current, and over-voltage.

Over-currents are likely to arise in live conductors and these may cause injury to life and damage to property due to excessive temperatures or electromechanical stress. The wiring regulations therefore seek to deliver protection from such damage.

In addition to following the laid down regulations it is critical that good materials, particularly cables, are applied. The Zimbabwean cable manufacturer produces a wide range of quality cables. Consumers are urged to avoid sub-standard and smuggled cables making their way into the Zimbabwean marketplace.

Text by Perry Kaande

First transformer oil regeneration plant now in Bulawayo

Industrial firm Delta Star Electrix has upped the ante in the electricity distribution sector with the introduction of the ‘first’ transformer oil regeneration plant in Zimbabwe.

The CMM-R12 from GlobeCore performs a regeneration process that restores used oils to their original condition. This process makes it possible to fill transformers with oils that would previously have required disposal. In this manner, the oil in the transformer can be used without replacement for the entire service life of the transformer.

A spokesperson for Star Delta indicates that the Transformer Maintenance and Oil

Regeneration division “offers a holistic service in terms of maintaining and extending the working life of your transformer.”

The process begins with the assessment of the transformer at its location checking elements such as dust, vegetation and weeds and overgrowth as these can affect the performance of the unit. The next step is to check for leaks, which may indicate a current risk or future problem and nip it in the bud. The paintwork is inspected and if necessary, the silicone gel is replaced and the oil level is topped if there is need.

After the above processes a sample of the oil is extracted for testing. At this juncture,

recommendations are made for either oil purification or regeneration.

“Regeneration goes a step further by removing moisture, acids and particulate matter from the oil and the transformer including the winding wire, the paper insulation and then we go a step further by draining the sludge from the oil,” the spokesperson says. In the process of oil regeneration, oil degradation products and acidic compounds are removed. The oil becomes clear, oxidation resistance is improved while gas solubility is reduced.

This cutting edge technology is designed to extend transformer service life by restoring the

dielectric strength and chemical composition of dielectric insulating oil. Star Delta points out that the “CMM-R system in this machine is designed to extend transformer life span for up to 40 years.”

Apart from extending the lifespan of transformers, regeneration has other benefits. The process improves overall performance of the electricity distribution units. It is environmentally friendly and sustainable “in the sense that it does away with disposal of used transformer oil which can be harmful to the environment.” There is no longer need for repurchasing and disposing of oil that is already there. Regeneration is cheaper by between 40 to

60 percent of the cost of new transformer oil.

The oil regeneration entity says it has the capability to process volumes of between 5 000 to 10 000 litres of oil. In order not to cut into operational time, Star Delta reveals that the

regeneration plant is mobile, hence maintenance can be carried out anywhere. Additionally, “we can perform the transformer service and oil regeneration while the transformer is online”.

Transformer servicing includes: vacuuming the transformer,

heating of the transformer and its core with hot oil, removal of sediment from the windings of the transformer.

Star Delta Electrix provides a range of products and services for smart metering, switch gear as well as transformer maintenance and oil regeneration including

back up and technical advice. The company is located at 4 Bristol Road, Belmont East in Bulawayo. They can be contacted on +263 772 476 120, +263 864 430 2945 or +263 9 71524 and E-mail at adminrsa@stardelta.net.

National Oil and Gas supply statistics (ZERA & NOIC)

The Zimbabwe Energy Regulatory Authority (ZERA) regulates the Zimbabwean energy market cost effectively, through incentive regulation and in a fair and transparent manner to achieve sustainable energy. ZERA lists sectors of their mandate as;

1. Increase Access and Security of Supply

2. Regulation and Licensing

3. Energy Efficiency and the Environmental Protection

4. Market Reform and Competition

5. Research and Development

6. Key stakeholder Advisory

ZERA operates in conjunction with The National Oil Infrastructure Company of Zimbabwe (NOIC) and lists them as one of their many Investment Partners.

The National Oil Infrastructure Company of Zimbabwe (NOIC) is in

the business of pipeline transportation of petroleum products as well as storage and handling in the Company’s depots. The Company has depots in strategic sites around the country, namely Bulawayo, Mutare, Beitbridge, Msasa and Mabvuku. NOIC has blending facilities at its depots and undertakes blending services on behalf of its clients.

Fuel is transported from Beira to Feruka and Msasa using the pipeline.

NOIC handles products on behalf of customers

Products Handled

• Diesel

• Petrol

• Jet A1

• Illuminating Paraffin (IP)

• Ethanol

Before vessels discharge product at Beira Port, Quality Assurance department confirms that the products meet specifications (which are available on request). Independent laboratories at Beira analyse the product quality and send the results for approval prior to discharge and prior to injection into the pipeline.

The quality of product is also checked upon receipt into our depot depots and before dispatch to the market.

National power generation statistics (ZPC, ZETDC, ZESA)

As with NOIC, ZERA is the overall regulatory body and lists both ZPC and ZETDC as Investment Partners. Zimbabwe Electricity Supply Authority, (ZESA) whose official name is ZESA Holdings (Private) Limited, is a stateowned company whose task is to generate, transmit, and distribute electricity in

Zimbabwe. It has organized this task by delegation to its subsidiaries, the energy generating company Zimbabwe Power Company (ZPC) and the Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC).

According to Energy Transition.org, “With an installed capacity of 2300 megawatts (MW), Zimbabwe currently generates an average of 1100 megawatts (MW) against a peak demand of about 1700MW, according to ZERA data.” (20 Sept, 2022)

As reported by TechZim the situation is gradually improving. “The electricity situation in Zimbabwe keeps evolving… ZETDC says they are now beginning the final commissioning phase of Unit 7. However, you may be glad to know it is already contributing its full 300MW to the national grid…There is another unit, Unit 8, which also has a capacity of 300MW that is in the works.

Home water heaters – electric vs Gas vs Solar Which is best for you?

Easily and cheaply available hot water in the home is really important, particularly in winter. There are three main types of hot water heaters or geysers – electrically operated, those that run off sustainable energy like solar and those that use some type of fuel like gas or oil. The old farm-style boilers that had a wood or charcoal fire under a big tank are, thankfully, not practical for urban use.

Zimbabwe prohibited the fitting of new electric cylinder geysers to homes some years ago, although existing electrical geysers can still be used. It’s estimated that an electric geyser can gobble up to 40% of a household’s electricity consumption – and they’re not terribly efficient, particularly when electricity supply is sporadic and unreliable. Although it’s usually installed in the roof a conventional ‘tank type’ electric geyser is quite bulky and thermostats and elements need to be periodically replaced. There are instant electric water heaters (or tankless heaters) available although they are not as popular in Zimbabwe as they are in Europe and other parts of the world. An electric showerhead water heater provides instant hot water and unlike the tank or cylinder type the supply is unlimited –depending, of course, on the availability of electricity.

Gas geysers are a good option for heating water, particularly the instant

The Hwange expansion project involves those two units, Units 7 and 8, contributing 300MW each, a total of 600MW to the grid. We were told to expect Unit 8 to be synchronised by October. However, it’s looking like we might not have to wait that long. Unit 8 is already being worked on and is already contributing to the grid, though not its full 300MW.”

type that only heats water on demand. They are generally reliable and work even when there’s no electricity –although most gas water heaters need some kind of battery power to ignite the gas. It can also be extremely irritating and inconvenient if you run out of gas on a freezing winter morning. They’re relatively inexpensive and simple to install although not that eco-friendly as the gas gives off carbon dioxide when it burns – and the mining and transportation of LP Gas has environmental impacts.

Solar geysers are by far the most environmentally friendly option and, once installed, cost nothing to run, although they do, very occasionally, require some maintenance. The most common type in Zimbabwe consists of a water tank with glass tubes attached that harness the energy from the sun to heat the water. The water cylinder can be quite heavy and the solar geyser needs to be carefully positioned to maximise exposure to sunlight. They don’t always heat the heat the water enough if there are consecutive cloudy days and once the water has been used it takes quite a long time to heat up again. However most solar geysers have a provision for electrical backup.

So consider the three main options and decide which one is best for you and your family. Stay warm!

Text by Michael Nott

ZERA takes their Corporate Social Responsibility seriously

Zimbabwe Energy Regulatory Authority (ZERA) once again held their annual Charity Golf Day to raise funds and awareness for the less fortunate in our community.

The prestigious event took place at Chapman Golf Course in Harare. The sole beneficiary of the funds raised from the tournament was the local organisation - People Living with Albinism. The Zimbabwe Albino Association is a private voluntary organisation formed in 1998 to assist people with albinism to cope with the challenges they face in their daily lives. It’s estimated that around 70,000 people in Zimbabwe living with this condition and they often face prejudice and discrimination as well as struggling to afford skin care medication and other treatment related to their disability. The event raised ZWL 23 million dollars – around USD 1,000 at the prevailing bank rate at the time – funding which was badly needed and much appreciated. A four plate gas stove was also kindly donated to the organisation.

Apart from the funds raised the event also helped raise awareness in our community about people living with this condition. It also helped to promote and publicise the International Albinism Awareness Day event, held by the Zimbabwe Albino Association in Chiredzi, and donations were made to help support the celebrations.

Text by Michael Nott Images by Fotohaus

The event was supported by a number of sponsors many of whom are in the Energy Sector. Platinum sponsors included Kensys Gas, Global Solar, Pride Kings Energy, the Liquefied Petroleum Gas Association of Zimbabwe, Old Mutual and PPC Zimbabwe. Gold sponsors included Cranrid Petroleum, Redan, Pandi Gas and Petrotrade. In addition, a number of corporates sponsored individual holes including CZI, ZB Bank, RK Fuels, Uno Petroleum and others.

There were also a number of exhibition stands at the event providing information and adding to the fun and festive atmosphere. Most of the exhibitors were ZERA’s strategic stakeholders and partners.

Following on from the success of the Harare Charity Golf Day, and inspired by the overwhelming support from their sponsors and the public, ZERA intends to hold more golf day charity events in other towns and cities across Zimbabwe to raise funds and promote awareness for People Living with Albinism.

Apart from supporting this very worthy cause ZERA gives back to the community in a number of other ways. They invest in sustainable and eco-friendly energy related programmes, particularly in underprivileged or disadvantaged communities. ZERA is also looking to the future by supporting students in the engineering sector who are studying energy related subjects at various tertiary institutions across Zimbabwe.

Environmental Management Agency (EMA) and their role in the energy and power sector in Zimbabwe

Text by Michael Nott

The Environmental Management Agency of Zimbabwe (EMA) is, according to their website, “a statutory body responsible for ensuring the sustainable management of natural resources and protection of the environment, the prevention of pollution and environmental degradation, the preparation of Environmental Plans for the

management and protection of the environment. It was established under the Environmental Management Act [Chapter 20:27] and enacted in 2002.” It’s a parastatal entity that is part of the Ministry of Environment, Water and Climate. It became fully operational in 2007 after the Department of Natural Resources and the environmental sections of

ZINWA (Zimbabwe National Water Authority) were merged to create a single entity. Its mandate is to oversee the sustainable management of natural resources while protecting the environment for both humans and wildlife, prevent pollution of the air, water and soil of Zimbabwe and prevent land degradation while promoting sustainable agricultural and industrial

practices. Part of EMA’s mission is to commission and review Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) usually carried out by approved and independent environmental consultants such as Environmental Guardians Services, Green Space and Black Crystal.

the tourism industry and the effects on the wildlife associated with the river –fish, birds and other flora and fauna. However, ESIAs were conducted on the mini-hydropower projects in the Eastern Highlands which were deemed to be minimally detrimental to

the environment as well as very beneficial for the local community providing access to electricity, job opportunities and infrastructure development.

Zimbabwe has recently embarked on The Emergency Power Infrastructure

Rehabilitation Project Phase II (EPIRP II) which has seen the refurbishment of the Hwange Power Station, as well as number of other much smaller power generating stations across the country. EMA has conducted an extensive ESIA covering all aspects of the project.

These are just a very few of the projects that EMA would oversee and monitor in the energy and power sector but they illustrate the importance of EMA in safeguarding the environment now and for future generations.

Afghan Man Builds Parabolic Solar Stove

Text by Martin Chemhere

It’s amazing how an individual’s craft can lead to the transformation of an entire country.

For Ghulam Abbas, a blacksmith in Kabul, Afghanistan, a solar stove that he made from his humble home is now a marvel and a game changer for fellow citizens looking for cheaper and more efficient heating approaches.

The Kabul resident’s creative adventure has seen him building a cost-effective and environmentally friendly water

heating option, that is a great replacement for households using fuel to cook.

Working from a workshop, he produced what is called parabola-shaped (bowl shaped) solar heaters. Since hitting the market, locals have been flocking to the workshop to purchase what is a solution to an energy challenge reportedly facing the country.

Using a modest design similar to a satellite dish, each mirror is stuck onto a curved frame that reproduces and concentrates sunlight onto a cooking pot or a metal sheet. A

parabola is a curve formed by the intersection of a cone with a plane parallel to a straight line in its surface.

According to the blacksmith, it takes about 18 to 20 minutes to boil water on a large solar stove. Customers can take the smaller-sized models to distant places and this has made the products attractive and popular across Afghanistan.

As word-of-mouth spreads far and wide in Afghanistan, Abbas is appealing for support in the form of promotion of the product. Many locals do

not have readily available coal and wood resources for home cooking and other household uses, making this technology great for many homes.

Parabola-shaped heaters have been around for over a century, as they were used in the 1870s by the French Foreign Legion to boil water and prepare their meals.

They are also in use in several Asian region countries like India and China.

Who says you can’t cook on an inverter?

If the question is, “Can I use my inverter to cook?”, then the answer is a resounding “Yes!”

Up until now most people have only used their inverters for lighter duties like powering up the lights, the TV, and charging laptops and cell phones. But with new technologies for household inverters and advances in battery power storage it’s now quite possible to use an induction hob powered directly from your inverter. These developments make cooking so much easier and more convenient, especially when the electricity supply is sometimes not always reliable! Gas stoves are the option most people have chosen to ensure that they can always prepare their meals but gas can be expensive and there’s always the task of keeping your gas cylinders full, carrying them around in your car and then

lugging them into position and connecting them up. In addition, being a nonrenewable fossil fuel gas is not such a great option to use for cooking. As it burns LP Gas releases carbon dioxide and the process of mining it and then processing and transporting it is not very eco-friendly.

Your inverter converts DC (Direct Current) to AC (Alternating Current) which you need to power up your induction hob. Your inverter should have an output of at least 1000W although this might limit some of the functions so an output of 1500W (or more) is preferable. You can charge up your batteries with electricity, when it’s available, and then use your inverter when there’s no ZESA. You can also charge up your batteries from solar panels which makes this far more environmentally friendly.

There are no carbon emissions or pollution from solar.

An electric stove top heats up the hotplate which in turn heats the pot or pan so it takes a while to get to the desired temperature and a proportion of the energy used is wasted. Likewise, with gas some of the energy created by the burning process is dissipated into the surrounding air so neither options are all that efficient. Induction hobs don’t use heaters or burners to heat up your pot or pan. Instead they use a series of magnets to stimulate the iron atoms in your pot to directly create heat. This means you have to use cookware like stainless steel or cast iron – aluminium cookware simply won’t work. The cook top surface always stays cool so it’s safe to use even around children.

Well known appliance brand Whirlpool supplies their 6th Sense induction hobs in different sizes which have generally received excellent reviews. The cooktop instantly selects the correct temperature for boiling, simmering, melting or frying. They use less heat and cook food more evenly so there’s less chance of burning your food. If you spill food on to the hob it won’t get burnt on as it would with a conventional cooktop and the glass surface is easy to clean.

Whirlpool products are available locally from some appliance stores and specialist kitchen companies and you can order them online. At the moment Whirlpool tend to be the most popular brand in Zimbabwe but there are a number of other well-known brands that supply induction cookers like AEG, Hisense and Bosch.

Text by Michael Nott

Roaring Success For Enlit Africa 2023

Text by Martin Chemhere

Enlit Africa, the continent’s leading meeting place for the big players in the African energy and power industry, recently grouped thought leaders in South Africa to explore and share ideas. Over 250 exhibiting companies and 4,500 guests attended the event at the Cape Town International Convention Centre (CTICC) 2023.

The event was characterised by top-level discussion sessions, high quality product demonstrations, enthusiastic visitor interactions and enquiries and networking, showing the value of this platform to the African energy and power industry as well as the economies of the continent at large.

“Enlit Africa 2023 was well recognised as a great success at such a critical time for the African Power and Energy sector,” according to the Vuka Africa website, the organisers of Enlit Africa. Creating a strong presence at the conference were Asian countries, with China having the largest booth occupancy rate. Thanks to their rising influence and economic power, the Asian giant is arguably the world’s biggest economy, a factor underlined by their large displays, mainly in renewable energy – solar in particular.

With the African energy and power sector saddled with numerous and seemingly insurmountable

challenges (as seen at Eskom in South Africa and ZESA in Zimbabwe), the conclusion of Enlit Africa as a “great success” shows the continent is poised to emerge from an electricity choke hold, sooner or later.

There were also important discussions about creating opportunities to achieve Africa’s ‘Just Energy Transition’. Just Energy Transition Africa (JETA) is an initiative set up by nonprofit environmental, energy and climate justice lawyers aimed at supporting African communities and CSOs (Civil Society Organisations) and leading the advocacy for our clean energy future while assisting the growth of a legal community of practice across the continent.

Visitors had the opportunity to hear from knowledgeable professionals working for companies that were exhibiting at the conference. Free-to-attend presentations in the Knowledge Hub were popular with attendees, who heard themes such as the use of gas to augment power, principles of wheeling electricity, battery energy storage and selling power back to the grid. The hub sessions and keynote addresses were attractive for those seeking to empower themselves with valuable energy and power information.

The conference also featured a strong gender focus and women empowerment element with the Women in Energy association making their presence felt in a male dominated industry, courtesy of sponsorship from the Energy Council of Canada. The Women in Energy platform drew female authorities in the global power and energy sector to share information via a series of exclusive events. The women shared their inspiring experiences on a platform that was designed to amplify their voices and visions. Their personal stories motivated and inspired each other in an industry where their male counterparts take the largest share of leadership.

SADC region energy and power outlook

Zimbabwean economist Eddie Cross, presented a speech under the title “Meeting the Challenge to Secure Energy Supplies: Finding our way into the future”.

He highlighted that the SADC Region faced a severe energy crisis, consuming over 60 000 megawatts and has a current short fall of an average of 20 000 megawatts. The major problems were energy utilities in the region not having the financial capacity to invest in new energy production with investments in new power generation taking many years to come on line and existing power generation plants that are outdated and the power

infrastructure debilitated. Cross said that in response to the situation the private sector in Zimbabwe has formed a group of power consumers and three subsidiaries aiming to trade in energy, paying in hard currency and securing continuous supply with no load shedding. In addition they plan to invest in new Independent Power Plants (IPPs) to meet the need for power in the future and to support regional utilities in the upgrades required for the power grid.

“A Master Plan for the regional grid is under preparation and the group will support financing arrangements. Some new private sector funded and operated power plants are being planned and executed. These will allow Zimbabwe to become a net exporter of power to regional states by 2028.

In conclusion, he noted that the solutions being pursued by the private sector in Zimbabwe are all being funded without state support. All projects will be selfliquidating and profitable at market prices and the model might well be used to support new investments in other infrastructure to the national benefit and that this is a prime example of a Public-Private Partnership (PPP).

Indeed, this year’s edition was very informative and inspirational and a great success.