Nepal College of Management by Suyog Shrestha

THE VIEW -Prajol Joshi

- Aman Chitrakar

Bishal K. Chalise

Tula Raj Basyal

Sushanta Khanal

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This magazine has proved a remarkable platform for sharing talent, creativity, views, ideas, and opinions among the students, faculty, outside experts, and other stakeholders.

From the Chairman’s Desk I congratulate the students and all others contributing to bringing out this 2013 issue of the College magazine The View. I commend the painstaking efforts and devotion of the editorial team which made such an impressive publication possible in a very short time. This magazine has proved a remarkable platform for sharing talent, creativity, views, ideas, and opinions among the students, faculty, outside experts, and other stakeholders. The scholarly, informative, and entertaining materials that represent varied tastes, talents, and outlooks have transformed The View into a lively spectrum of inspiring excellence. The width, depth, and diversity of the creative talent and expressions that The View encapsulates demonstrate the promises that all our young contributors so abundantly possess. I believe that The View 2013 will serve as the effective forum for unearthing talents and sharing them across the stakeholders as a process of contributing to knowledge creation and its dissemination, especially focusing on the students’ overall capacity development that has remained the unique NCM tradition since its inception.

…………………………....................... (Kshetra Pratap Adhikary) Chairperson

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Principalâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Message

In addition to the educational and illuminating value, the Magazine serves as the social forum uniting all the NCM family members and the well-wishers.

Congratulations to the NCM Studentsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Council for taking initiative and making arrangements for bringing out The View which incorporates much valuable diverse outputs from students and other members of the NCM family. My heartfelt thanks and praises for those students who worked hard with drive, devotion, and perseverance for compiling, editing, and performing all other necessary work so as to deliver the Magazine in this wonderful form in time. Their untiring effort symbolizes their high commitment and sincerity of purpose in the field of educational service in general and knowledge creation and dissemination in particular. All those who contributed to The View by sending their writings, extending words of best wishes, helping financially through advertisements, and providing other numerous forms of assistance deserve our sincere thanks and gratitude. In addition to the educational and illuminating value, the Magazine serves as the social forum uniting all the NCM family members and the well-wishers. The ideas, opinions, and views expressed through the Magazine symbolize the token of creativity, talent, vision, and thought of the respective contributor. The View 2013 has essentially served as the medium for the expression of ones view, with the collection of all the views incorporated in the Magazine embodying A vision of excellence representing the NCM family as a whole. Let The View become grand, more splendid, breath-taking, and spectacular and let the vision become excellent as the NCM family has always been striving for to cater to its motto. Let the endeavors of the NCM students and the NCM as an institution bloom by leaps and bounds, radiating the fragrance of educational excellence throughout every nook and corner of the societies. Let the track record of the NCMâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s educational journey guide and inspire the generations, both the current and those to come. Let The View foster the vision of continued success and excellence for all the friends, well-wishers and other stakeholders of the NCM. With best wishes,

--------------------------(Tula Raj Basyal) Principal

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From Programme Coordinator (BBA)

we nurture the fresh insights of our studentcitizens through their courses of study and through unique programs that foster interdisciplinary discovery.

Welcome to the Nepal College of Management. As the program coordinator of the college, I would like to congratulate the team for coming up with the third edition of “The View”. I would like to use this platform to introduce our readers to Nepal College of Management (NCM). The college has built a vital and evolving foundation for undergraduate education. We connect students with our programs through traditional classroom and practical experiences and through innovative educational approaches. Our programs are supported by active faculty members who bring their knowledge and expertise to our classrooms. In Nepal College of Management, we nurture the fresh insights of our student-citizens through their courses of study and through unique programs that foster interdisciplinary discovery. The college’s Undergraduate programs offer our students their own unique intellectual, professional, and volunteer experiences, respectively, to round out the academic experiences in the classroom. The college offers educational and professional opportunities for our students, preparing the next generation of managers and leaders to contribute to their communities. As NCM grows, we invite you to join us in the growth, participate in the college’s many activities, and explore with us. Once again I would like to congratulate the team of “The View’ for coming up with an excellent edition and setting foundation for generations to come. Sincerely,

--------------------------(Kanishka Shakya ) Programme Coordinator (BBA)

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From Programme Coordinator (BHTM) I extend my heartfelt greetings to all those who have directly or indirectly supported to bring out this college magazine. I can’t stop myself from admiring those noble ideas behind the accomplishment of such stupendous magazine. The issue 2013 of the college magazine entitled “THE VIEW” has been nucleus of overall worth recalling activities, students’ vision, creativity and much more that came into being in the sacred premise of NCM. The magazine is known for its legacy of extra ordinary features.

this magazine be a sort of bowl of salad where different voices, views and issues could be accommodated with spirit of all inclusiveness.

I would like to appreciate the responsibility that has been shouldered upon by the members the publication team of students’ magazine. I do believe that the letters being printed in the magazine are not merely the dead letters but they do have meticulous lives. Such creation often plays crucial role for the symphony of different jingling tunes of our lives. I am assured that the vision that our students have proceed ahead along with this magazine will ensure a sort of platform for creativity, art, culture and talent being sprout. It’s a matter of extreme pleasure for me to be a part of NCM and to be among such hard working and responsible students who leave no stone unturned in their efforts. Such hard working results in establishing such a forum in the form of magazine where different perspectives are inter-mingled and integrated to shape the core spirit of liberalism in the arena of academic world. Lets this magazine be a sort of bowl of salad where different voices, views and issues could be accommodated with spirit of all inclusiveness. I believe that no institution can ever feel itself complete unless it is backed up by such creative steps. All those associated with the magazine are praise worthy of appreciation for their diligent work. Lastly, I would like to congratulate the publication team of students’ magazine for their untiring efforts in molding the magazine the way it is. And may this magazine reside in everyone’s heart and create lasting impression. Wish you all the best.

--------------------(Anup Karki) Programme Coordinator (BHTM)

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08 How to be Financially secure?

National Tourism Fair 2013 held at Bhrikuti Mandap Exhibition Hall 16 Five Powerful Women of 2013

Interview: Indra Khadka

Being real as you say

How to Write a Research Proposal 22 Role of private sector and state in making Nepal prosperous country

“Business Process Reengineering” Buzz Word Today 27 Subliminal Messages

How brands got their names?

Untitled 34 “I have a dream”

What a Comeback!

“What does Nepal have to sell being a WTO Member”

Interview: Dr. Nara Hari Khanal 41 Extended Producer Responsibility(EPR)

Dealing with Stress During College life. 45 Students! Apply Management Knowledge in Your Study.

Interview: Bishnu Nisthuri

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Editorial The objective underlying the publication of â&#x20AC;&#x153;The Viewâ&#x20AC;? is to provide a founding forum so that students build capacities to express their ideas, talents, and creativity in the form of articles and other written expressions. We would be very pleased if the Magazine could help the students to crystallize their latent potentialities and prospects, especially through motivating them to bring out their best faculties in creative writing, observational and analytical skills, research-based aptitude, and critical reasoning. We are confident that NCM students possess enormous talents to observe things scientifically, measure the economic and business-related phenomena objectively, analyze the interrelationships among the phenomena systematically, and arrive at verifiable and credible conclusions on any matter of research and writing professionally. However, despite of their quality, the creations received from all the students could not be accommodated in "The View" 2013 due to space limitations. We express heartfelt thanks and gratitude to all the contributors whose paramount role to bring The View 2013 into the current form has, we believe, not only added golden feathers to the glorious tradition of this publication but also demonstrated the magnificence and brilliance of the NCM family as a whole. Editorial Team, The View 2013

Anjali Bhattarai Arvind Karki Ayushma K.C. Nitish Panthee Rachana Luitel Shuvam Dotel

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“NCM MARATHON 2013”:

Dare to say NO against women violence

The six km race was run for the cause which grabbed a huge public attention

epal College of Management in collaboration with Leo Club of Bagmati organized its first annual one day marathon on 16th March 2013. The main aim behind the one day marathon was to celebrate “Women’s Day” by spreading awareness against the current burning issue related to women violence. The marathon was a huge success by the overwhelming huge number of participants, support from various individuals and organizations. All the young participants, enthusiastic enough to share

their time, mobilized their efforts towards raising public awareness and gaining general will against all forms of violence against women. This event specifically focused on bringing the local and wider community to participate for the tagline of the event – “Dare to say no.” The marathon started from Patan Durbar Square heading towards Pulchowk, Jawalakhel, Patan hospital, Mahalaxmisthan and finally ended on NCM premises. The six km race was run for the cause which grabbed a huge public attention towards this volatile subject. The race ended

formally in the premises of NCM where the chief guest Mohana Ansari, member secretary of National Women’s Council, congratulated all the participants for being part of such noble cause. The winners were awarded with medals, certificates and cash prize. Anne Kuzmaki grabbed the first prize from girls and Sanjay Shrestha from boys. Both the winners were rewarded with cash prize of Rs.10000 each. The first runner ups received cash prize of Rs.5000 each and the second runners up received Rs.2500 each. In addition to this, all the participants and volunteers were awarded with certificates. The race successfully attracted about 500 participants running together for a same cause. This massive participation was featured and recognized by a number of media. Himalayan Television was the official media partner of “NCM Marathon 2013”. The event was huge successful by the support and help of our sponsors. The sponsors included School Of Banking and Business Research (SBBR), Sunrise Bank, Gorkha Brewery, Everest Bank, Global IME, Citizen Investment Trust. “Sparrow SMS” supported SMS registration and placed itself as the official SMS partner. The event gained a continuous support from “Yatra”, NCM Faculty and the students. The event was featured by Sagarmatha FM, Nepal Samacharpatra, Kantipur daily, The Kathmandu Post and TGIF of The Himalayan Times.

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Achieving financial security is an aim that most people aspire to. Worrying about money causes stress, loss of enjoyment of life, and is often linked to relationship problems. It goes without saying then, that being financially secure can make you happier. The definition of financial security is a very personal thing and depends to some degree on what you consider to be a minimum standard of living. At the very least, everyone needs a place to live, the basic necessities of life such as food, clothing and heating, and sufficient resources to be able to enjoy life.

financial security is an aim

The basic elements of financial security are: • Being debt free. This includes owning a home without debt as well as having no credit card or store card debt.

• Having sufficient assets and investments to provide for your future needs. This includes your long term goals as well as your retirement needs.

• Having enough money in reserve to cover unexpected expenses or unexpected loss of income. A basic rule of thumb is to have the equivalent of at least three months living expenses in reserve.

• Being protected from financial risk through having adequate insurance cover, a diversified investment portfolio, and a means of protecting your assets in the event of business or relationship failure

• Having a secure income that is sufficient to maintain your desired standard of living. Securing your income requires keeping your skills up to date, maintaining good health and a good relationship with your partner or finding ways to generate passive income

Achieving financial security is difficult for those on low incomes. However, there are many instances where those on good incomes fail to put in place the basic elements of financial security and suffer badly when they have a sudden in change in their circumstances.

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Financial

Literacy

-Bishal K. Chalise

ne of the most overlooked aspects of the world financial crisis that has grappled the economies of United States, Europe and the world beyond is the level of financial literacy among the consumers of financial products and services. Although there are several causes to the crisis, the uninformed choices made by individuals regarding their finances left thousands of households homeless. It happened like this; during first half of the last decade, home prices in the US were booming. Banks and mortgage lenders started giving loans to virtually everyone who wanted to have a new house or refinance the existing one without properly assessing the creditworthiness of the borrower. They seemingly violated the basic norms of lending in temptation to earning higher service fees in fiercely competitive mortgage market. On the other hand, with the rising property prices, people began to feel rich and they continued financing and refinancing against their mortgages. They were in fact lured by delusive schemes often with complex terms and conditions designed and marketed by the banks and mortgage

lenders. Some schemes offered loan at zero or low interest rate for the first couple of years subject to revision to higher interest rate afterwards. These sorts of terms were generally concealed from the borrower. As these schemes were sold to poor sub-prime class of people having no regular income over long term, they didn’t understand the product properly and eventually lost their house as well as little savings they had put as down payment. While we learnt that financial illiteracy is pervasive in otherwise highly literate country like US, it is not surprising to know the problem is prevalent in countries like Nepal as well. One example we can contemplate is the reckless usage of remittance money and the missed opportunities the country is having from it. As per latest macroeconomic data released by Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB), country is receiving more than Rs. 320 billion annually in remittance income. It constitutes more than 21 percent of the country’s GDP. The hard earned money sent by around 2 million Nepali workers abroad is not only helping the country to pile-up foreign currency reserve and to maintain positive balance of payment, but also contributing to the well-being of the members of around 34% of the families now receiving the remittance. The overall quality of life of the recipients of remittance has been significantly increased. However, worrisome fact is the money so received is being squandered by spending in unproductive sectors and consumer durables. An estimated remittance consumption expenditure figure easily goes up to 90% of the total remittance received. People are building new houses, replacing their cell phones and Television sets, buying gold and ornaments and lot more. Very few people are utilizing money by investing in business or other entrepreneurial ventures

the view that have greater multiplier effect to the economy and its growth. The reason, understandably, is the lack of awareness among people about their finances. They do not realize that the flow of money they are receiving is not permanent and that they need to spend their pecuniary resources wisely for their secured future. They are little aware about how much to spend and how much to save. They don’t know what it is to invest productively, let alone how to do it. For example, many people are investing in shares, and more recently in derivatives market instruments, without realizing and understanding the inherent risk associated with them. In both the above examples of the US and Nepal, we saw that not giving a proper financial education to the citizenries is not only detrimental to their lives but it may also result in disastrous consequences to the economy of the country as a whole. And surprisingly no one is helping them. Before expatiating how the level of financial awareness among the consumers can be raised, it’s worthwhile to see the significance of spreading financial education. Financial education can broadly be defined as the capacity to have familiarity with and understanding of the financial market products, especially rewards and risks in order to make informed choices (Chakrabarti 2009). It is the basic knowledge required to manage financial matters or resources. It creates the Win-Win situation for consumer and financial service providers like banks. Consumer can better understand their financial needs and can choose the product and services that best match their needs. Similarly, banks can design and sell new products and shall not necessarily base their unique selling proposition on price only. It also brings financial and banking sector stability by dragging fraudulent players and unhealthy

practitioner out of the market. The phenomenon basically nurtures innovation in financial sector with more sophisticated products and fosters financial inclusion which in turn helps inclusive growth in the real economy as well. But how we can promote financial literacy? In short term, financial service providers should take charge on making their customer understand various aspects of their products and services. They should provide fair counseling about product suitability to customers’ need and consequences of consuming the product. They should also clearly display and explain immediate and semi-permanent pricing and other terms of the services. Financial institutions should encourage clients to read and understand information, especially when related to long-term commitments or financial services with potentially significant financial consequences. (OECD’s Financial Education Program) However, longer term solution to the financial illiteracy would be to embed the issue within the country’s educational framework. In other words, the financial education should be institutionalized by integrating it into the school curricula. Today, in academia, we impart the knowledge about health and hygiene, behavioral and moral education, sports etc. They have become integral parts of regular academic endeavors. Likewise, we can teach children about what is bank account? How interest rates are calculated? What are benefits of planning? How to plan income and expenditure? etc. so that they learn and start thinking about it from very early age. The children not only limit the knowledge about these things among themselves, but are very likely to go back home and make the elderly learn about it too. So, schools are excellent starting points on making our citizen financially literate.

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HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY Sakundaraj Aryal Chairperson Ananda Events & meetings Pvt.Ltd. Baneshwor-34,ktm,Nepal.

All of my days are spent with the future, and the future, of course, is hospitality business students. I have been in the hospitality industry since 2000.During my long tenure as an educator I come to realize that a hospitality education is essential in today’s industry. I see hospitality as a special type of business that has lodging components, food service components, and some private club components. I strongly believe that Hospitality is based on the principle AtithiDevoBhava, meaning “the guest is God.” Tradition teaches that, no matter how poor one is, one should always offer three items: sweet words, a sitting place, and refreshments (at least a glass of water). A guest is literally a god who rewards the provider of hospitality. From this stems the Hinduism approach of graciousness towards guests at home, and in all social situations. Hospitality is the relationship between the guest and the host, or the act or practice of

being hospitable. Specifically, this includes the reception and entertainment of guests, visitors, or strangers. It’s no secret that today’s hospitality industry is vastly different than days gone by. What have also grown in modern times are the educational opportunities available to train and prepare future generations of industry leaders. Today, hospitality students aren’t simply seeking an education that trains them to run a hotel. They are interested in high finance and the global nature of the industry. And the nation’s major hospitality schools have morphed to reflect the changing nature of the industry. The hospitality industry has certainly gone through a lot of change, not just here but globally. We have to continually look at how we’re educating and how we’re providing research for the hospitality industry. Clearly, we have to be in position to change and adjust, and to a certain extent, lead in that regard.

Every city in the world partakes in the hospitality industry. Sure, some more than others. But you will find restaurants and hotels pretty much anywhere you want to go. Hospitality gives you a chance to travel, meet wonderful people, explore new cultures, and best of all explore and find yourself. There truly isn’t a better school than the school of life. You can only learn so much from other people, what you experience on your own and teach yourself is what shapes you into who you are. Today’s hospitality students benefit from an extensive use of internships to get real-world work experience. Internships have become a vital part of most hospitality school programs not only for their benefits in teaching, but also to aid students in making valuable connections for their futures. Internships are designed to expose student to different aspects of the industry.I have

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been involved with hospitality education for a long time and have seen many students come through hospitality background. I find today’s students to be more focused than they were even five years ago. Today’s students want a return on their education investment. Many of today’s students are working to put themselves through school as compared to students in the past. I’ve had more students recently describe to me their dream of being an entrepreneur, they realize that you don’t just leave school and become an entrepreneur, but you go to work for a company that has a strong focus on the owner and you learn to think like an owner. More students today enter hospitality schools with the idea of owning their own hotels, rather than simply running a hotel or working in an executive position at a brand. In hospitality, you are always creating a product. A dish, a drink, an experience. You can always try to find new ways of making something more enjoyable for your customers. In fact, you’re always encouraged to do so. It gives a great sense of accomplishment and pride to know that something you thought of turned into something positive for someone else. For some, it is what fuels them to continue every day. Whether you are a receptionist, a waiter, or a spa therapist, every time you have a moment of truth, you have the opportunity to make someone happy. It could be something very small and seemingly insignificant, or it can be big. Either way, your job is a people’s job and you are a people’s person. Your job isn’t about spreadsheet or stuffing envelopes, nor is it to greet people at stores; it is to do whatever you can to make people happy. Is there a better calling in life? It is all about giving constantly your warmth at any time. If that doesn’t sound

like your particular cup of tea, I’m sorry to say you are in the wrong industry. There is a lot of variety in hospitality. Every day is a new day and all the hours you put in are different. Sure, the hours might be borderline crazy some days, but that only happens when you’re busy. And everyone knows that a busy hotel has this incredible energy about it; working in teams, achieving common goals, pleasing guests. You blink and next thing you know your 16 hour shift is over. You finally get off your feet, take a seat, have a refreshing beverage and just enjoy the moment. Enjoy what you and your colleagues just went through. It’s a really good feeling knowing you worked hard and earned your pay. It truly is. Service is extremely important in a restaurant. I always say that people will come to the restaurant for food, but they’ll come back for service. The number one reason someone comes back to a restaurant is recognition. And so I think that service can be broken down into two things. There’s service, which is about clearing and serving from the right side of the guest, making sure wine’s filled at the proper level, water’s filled at the proper level, wine at the proper time, making sure that silverware is on the table for the correct course. Those are all the mechanics of service. But then there’s the other side of it, and that’s the hospitality side of it. And I think most of the time when people mention service, they’re

talking about hospitality. I’ve been to restaurants where the service has been excellent and the hospitality is terrible. And you may look at that and go, “I didn’t like the service. It was stuffy,” or whatever. It’s the hospitality that they’re not getting. And I think that when a restaurant gets it right, they’re doing all those steps correctly plus they have the hospitality down. And I think the hospitality side of it is the way that you’re treated, the way that you’re welcomed to a restaurant, the way you’re said goodbye to at a restaurant. It is that added value. It’s the reason why you’re going to make a decision to come back to this restaurant and spend your money again. Because you felt good about the experience. You were happy when you left. That usually happens through great hospitality. Sure, it’s a terrible cliché to say something like “your destiny is in your hands.” But well, it couldn’t be truer than in hospitality. If you are really motivated, get all your qualifications, get along very well with your guests and colleagues, you’ll find yourself in supervisory and management roles in no time. But it’s all up to you. Anyone can go to hotel school, study hard and get a degree or diploma. But what really counts is you’re on the job performance. If guests love you, be sure that your boss and his or her boss most certainly will too. In the rush of today’s modern lifestyle, hospitality is often one of the last things on our list of priorities. To offer hospitality means sacrificing time, family, possessions, home, finances and our privacy. The rewards though are lasting and far reaching. The simple act of hospitality can offer friendship, acceptance, fellowship, refreshment, comfort and love in one of the richest and deepest ways possible for humans to understand.

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National Tourism Fair 2013 held at Bhrikuti Mandap Exhibition Hall

-Smarika Lamsal 3rd year BHTM

he 5th National Tourism Fair 2013 was held at Bhrikuti Mandap Exhibition Hall from 10th to 12th May. Nepal Tourism Board (NTB) organized the three-day event to promote domestic tourism and disseminate information regarding Nepali tourism industry to general public. On this regard, being the student of Hospitality and Tourism Management, we also went to be a part of Program on 11th May, 2013. A total of 110 stalls from different districts, tourism colleges and hospitality institutions, government and non-government organizations, tourism development committees, trusts and development committees, tourism publications, and associations among others are participating in the fair. Representatives of different districts and other stakeholders participated in the fair to promote their products and services. Moreover, students from different colleges and schools actively participated in the program. The program was successful to deliver the information that it targeted. The major attraction in the event was Allo products of Sankhuwasabha, Mithila art of Dhanusha, Bamboo products from Sindhuli, Nepali paper products from Kavrepalanchowk, ceramics and pottery from Bhaktapur, wetland products from Kapilbastu and mats from Sunsari. These attractions served as the major crowd pullers at the event. This represents the potential of Nepali products as well as their indigenous skills and knowledge.

Inaugurating the fair, Minister for Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation Ram Kumar Shrestha said that Nepal should focus on tourism for overall economic development of the country. â&#x20AC;&#x153;The government is committed to support the private sector for the development of tourism sector,â&#x20AC;? said Shrestha. He pointed out lack of effective marketing and air connectivity, and absence of CEO at NTB as the hindrances in the development of tourism sector. According to the organizers, information regarding various home-stays operating in different areas of the country, visual information about the established and new tourism destinations, documentary shows of tourism destinations and cultural demonstrations of various ethnic communities was the major attraction of the event. The fair served as a common platform for everybody involved in the tourism sector, tourism organizations and institutions to interact with each other and promote their business. Fifty districts in the country promoted their tourism products and services at the fair. Similarly, the fair also had participations from 19 tourism related organizations and institutions, 13 homes stay service providers, 4 educational institutions and 2 food stalls. Subash Niroula, officiating CEO of NTB, said that the private and public sector need to work together to develop tourism friendly environment, promote domestic tourism and explore new tourist destinations.

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FIVE POWERFUL WOMEN OF

2013 Angela Merkel Dilma Rousseff Melinda Gates Michelle Obama Hillary Clinton

Reference: forbes.com

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Angela Merkel

Dilma Rousseff

Michelle Obama

Angela Merkel is the backbone of the 27-member European Union and carries the fate of the euro on her shoulders. Merkel's hardline austerity prescription for easing the European debt crisis has been challenged by both hard-hit southern countries and the more affluent north, most particularly French President Francois Hollande. Merkel has served as -chancellor since 2005, the first woman in the position, but her biggest challenge may still lie ahead: she is running for a third term this fall's general elections. Merkel has earned the top spot on the FORBES list of Most Powerful Women in The World for seven of the past 10 years.

Dilma Rousseff is the President of Brazil. Now at the midpoint of her first term, the former revolutionary sits atop the world’s seventh-largest national economy (GDP $2.4 trillion). Despite Brazil’s size, Rousseff is tasked with pulling the country out of its slowest two years of growth in more than a decade. Her emphasis on entrepreneurship has inspired a new generation of startups, however many criticize the leader for favoring pro-development policy over more humanitarian concerns. Rousseff has a new ally in the first-ever Brazilian director-general of the World Trade Organization, Roberto Azevedo, who was confirmed in Geneva in early May.

The Harvard grad and former corporate attorney (and husband Barack Obama’s boss) actively uses her platform as first lady to fight childhood obesity and promote healthier eating and lifestyles. With 67% of Americans viewing Michelle Obama in a positive light, she’s more popular than her husband by far (47%) -- likely because she spends more time laughing on TV than running the country. This year alone she’s appeared on the shows of Katie Couric and Jimmy Fallon and announced the Best Picture for the Academy Awards. At a keynote address in March, she kept it real, saying “It wasn’t that long ago that I was juggling a demanding job with two small children and a husband who traveled.”

Hillary Clinton

Melinda Gates

She is the only first lady to become a U.S. senator turned viable presidential candidate turned secretary of state. Now a private citizen, she holds her position as one of the most powerful women on the planet with all bets on that she will be the 2016 Democratic presidential candidate and likely next leader of the free world. The polls don’t lie. Sixty-five percent of Democratic say they’ll vote Team Hillary, while another poll has her beating the two Republican forerunners by 52%. Her only speed bump now is the Benghazi controversy. And while Bill Clinton calls speculation about his wife’s intention to run as “the worst expenditure of our time,” she’s done little to quiet the chatter, including hitting the speaking circuit last month at an estimated $200,000 fee per event and inking a reported $14 million book deal. Super PAC Ready for Hillary, launched in April, has nearly 150,000 Facebook likes, over 60,000 Twitter followers and more than 1,000 financial contributions.

Melinda Gates is co chair at Bill & Melinda Gates foundation. The primary goals for the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation this year have been to eradicate polio worldwide by 2018 and get modern contraceptives to another 120 million women by 2020; the Foundation has committed $140 million annually to this cause. In 2012 a particular emphasis was placed on devising tools for quantifying the success of initiatives as governments increasingly look for proof of the efficacy of the programs they pay for. “Some of the projects we fund will fail,” the Gates say on the Foundation website of their own financial commitments. “We not only accept that, we expect it because we think an essential role of philanthropy is to make bets on promising solutions that governments and businesses can’t afford to make.” Gates Foundation gave away $3.4 billion last year, the vast majority to global health programs, and has made more than $26 billion in grant commitments since the Foundation’s 2000 founding.

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"I see hope for tourism entrepreneurs"

Indra Khadka

Indra Khadka is the assistant Food and Beverage Manager of Soaltee Crown Plaza. Khadka shares some of the work life experiences with the students of BHTM.

How do you get into the hospitality industry? Are you satisfied in the industry? Did you study hotel management? Well, I liked interacting with people; but I had no idea that one day I would work in hospitality industry and enjoy interacting with people from across the globe as hospitality professional. Luck would have it, I saw some vacancies for F&B Service Trainees, applied for it and got an excellent opportunity to work in then Soaltee Oberoi, as a F&B service trainee. Thus, my career in hospitality industry began. Looking back I find myself very content with my profession. It has brought me tremendous opportunities including many international exposures. Although I entered hotel without any formal training I got all the training required from the hotel under the supervision of professional managers and colleagues. Turn of events, my training at HMTTC, completion of Hotel Management from International School of Tourism and Hotel Management, Salzburg, Austria and exposure at worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s leading hospitality Industry, Walt Disney World, Florida, USA further helped me bring shine in my professionalism.

of each individual in the team is most for the accomplishment of any task. We all chip in from our individual level and make things happen. Participative leadership style always helps us to keep our team members in high spirits.

What are the difficult issues you are facing in your current position? There are no difficult issues. I would say we have some challenges at times which demand more of our attention and care. With our experience and knowledge we anticipate these challenges well on time and keep solution handy. Of course, our knowledge about situational leadership comes handy at such challenging times. All these challenges eventually add on to our ability to take on more challenges in the future.

At work what puts smile on your face? Of course, it is the cheerful faces of team members for having accomplished the task given to them on time; their trust on us and our confidence in them put smile on my face. It is the bond that goes a long way.

What is your leadership style? What makes you an effective leader?

What advice would you offer to those who are inspired to become a senior executive in the hotel/ hospitality industry one day?

I would say I believe in participative style of leadership. As it is only through team work that we get our works done, genuine involvement

First of all I would like to welcome them on board and congratulate them for having chosen the right career path. Moreover, I would like to tell them they

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20 Tell us about a project or accomplishment that you consider to be the most significant in your career.

should have a clear vision in life and work on it with undeterred courage, and not loose hope. Before the power of their determination success is inevitable. . Even though hospitality business, which operates in volatile environment, demands lots of our time; at times we are thrown out of balance and find it difficult to strike a right balance between personal and professional our goal..

How do you envision the future of Kathmandu city in perspective of hospitality industry? Historical city, Kathmandu, offers immense opportunities and I hope for tourism entrepreneurs. Architecture, landscape and traditions coupled with hospitable people with perennial smile on their faces, all have joined hands to make Kathmandu a very unique tourist destination. Definitely hospitality students, with their right education and attitude, will identify all bounties and potentials kathmandu holds from them in time and be able to showcase it as an unique product in the international market successfully and proudly eke out a decent living.

When have you been most satisfied in your life? Although there have been many satisfying moments in my professional career, I felt most satisfied few years ago when my younger brother broke the news that after completing his post graduate in culinary arts from Georgian College, Canada, he had established himself as a professional chef in Toronto and given himself an identity

If you got hired, loved everything about this job, and are paid the salary you asked for, what kind of offer from another company would you consider? Of course money is an important tool to measure the degree of oneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s success and happiness, but it lacks to act as the only yardstick when it comes to measure complete happiness. Host of other things like good working environment, quality leadership, room for growth add on to our happiness beside money.

My interest in acquiring knowledge about the function and role of many departments that gives hotel a complete shape has been my project. While working on this project I have gained extensive exposure to different departments of the hotel and also many international hospitality industries in the country and abroad. And I am constantly working on this project to bring some shine in my personality and professionalism. We are constantly making things. In fact, we do not make anything smarter on our own. It is our instinct to survive and stay on top of things that have got us doing all these things. To address the demand of time and make best of the resources available at hand we focus our attention on things like multi tasking, time management, thinking ahead , team building, leadership and so on so that our guest satisfaction level is enhanced, employee become more productive and satisfied, investors get more return on their investment and society counts on us as a socially responsible institution.

How you mange situation when things go wrong? It is the nature human beings to feel unhappy when we fail to get what we expect. When things go wrong, although I fell sad, I donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t let is last longer and ruin my days. I rather disengage myself and try to find where things actually went wrong and its reason. Once the reason clear and problem identified I work upon them. Gradually everything falls in place. They say every thing happens for a reason, why worry.

What will be your suggestion? I congratulate them for their decision. Their desire to identify themselves as hospitability professional is really commendable. All I want to tell them is they are on the right path, and feel happy that they have found early in life what they want. Next step, they should just work hard and stay focused, for a name and identity to live as a accomplished and responsible citizen and help take tourism our country to next level. This is my best wishes for them all.

Of course money is an important tool to measure the degree of oneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s success and happiness, but it lacks to act as the only yardstick

the view “Being real as you say” By: Prerana Chaulagain 1st Year (BBA)

Acclaimed to be bold, a male friend of mine wrote this line somewhere. It said “If real men don’t rape, real women don’t expose’’. I got numb thinking that, how shameful this line was to be written by a boy who is living in 21st century. Not only it contradicted the relationship of exposure and molestation, it pumped uncountable questions, in my veins, it boiled my female blood inside and pinched my feminism. Did he mean that a girl wherever found with a part of her body exposed should be raped? Did he mean that a naked woman is not a woman but a thing which should be molested wherever it’s seen? Did he mean that he’ll rape me one day if he sees a part of me? It is insane to feel righteous of having a command over a naked female body or to relate any exposure with the series of rapes continuing today, ignoring the fact that not only those who expose and not only those who hide but, every one in ten who bear double X chromosomes is being raped. Why fake this? For those who say girls get raped only because they expose, why don’t you think about a5 year old girl child getting raped every day everywhere who does not even know what being raped is? Why don’t you think about a woman wearing burka from her head to toe who even fears meeting unknown eyes, getting raped every day? Does that 5 year old body seems so inviting to you? Do you even see any skin through that burka that’ll make one forget every sanity and jump over her? You walk everywhere bare chested and you’re a real man, she walks in the same way with at least some more clothes than you, and she’s not a real woman? Justice? No! While boasting about their superiority and dominance over female race, males are forgetting that even linguistically, they are with in her.The word male is itself a part of the word feMALE, he lies inside sHE, man lies inside woMAN, prince lies inside PRINCEss, heir lies inside HEIRess and so on. Not only this but, biologically too, from birth He exists in her. His sperm lies into her ovum; the ‘’he’’ baby cuddles into her ovary; he nourishes himself with her blood; he comes being indifferent with her physically as well as mentally; he feeds himself her milk and he grows bigger sucking every nutrient out of her. But then he grows up and he sees the same breast of a girl somewhere peeping out of her cloth, and suddenly he feels like raping her? And even if a female walks nude in front of a male, with which right does he think that he is free to rape her? He came out from her womb, he breastfed himself with the same

chest mountains and he suddenly boosts up and rapes her because she’s exposing the same things to him. Which justice is this? Why does a male act as if those parts were never in his touch before? Not fair I say. Once while visiting a jail, I happened to meet a rape accused who was just shut in for a rape case. It but came as a shock that, when asked why he did so, without any guilt of being so inhumane, he told with a pride that, ‘Ghar ma kukhura kaatera ta jalle Pani Khancha tara simkukhura ko sikaar garnu jasto majjaa tesma khoi? Ma ta tei mathi mard hoon. [Everyone eats chicken at home but where’s the fun that equates the adventure of hunting wild chicken in the trees? Even more, I am a man]. Shame on human race that being a mere male can make someone feel so righteous to play every foul against humanity. Whom to blame? Every male is not a man and they’re proving it every day, sometimes by harassing her in the open crowd, sometimes by raping her in the broad daylight, raping her even with candles and rods, and do you even know how do they rock themselves back and forth in a moving bus? Everyone’s too busy blaming females for exposing their body but no one seems to acknowledge the real reason behind these sexual crimes. People are often found saying that sexual restrictions cause sexual crimes because we always want to see what’s hidden rather that what’s always visible. But, making thatan only excuse, many other reasons make much sense to motivate these forceful attacks. In the name of patriotism, in the name of male hood (not manhood), in the name of bravery, in the name of adventure, in the name of proving their distaste on easy meat, don’t you think that males are forgetting to be real man? Don’t you think that they’re mistaken with the meaning of being real? Don’t you think there are some limitations that one should remain within being a human than making excuses afterwards? Why forget that a real man is not the one who just does not rape, is not the one who just does not cry but the one, who does not fake his own vision by pretending not to have seen anything wrong with in and around him. A real man is he who just does not bang his chest for being a mere male but he who respects every essence of another female body and the one is he who never forgets that he’d once lived onto the same female blood when he even had no heart of his own. There’s nothing in being a macho man but there’s a whole kind in being a human.

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HOW TO WRITE A RESEARCH PROPOSAL - Prof. Dr. Panna Kaji Amatya

Prelude

o write and submit a research proposal is one of the most important steps in the research process of social, political or any other branch of study. Individuals write proposals for a variety of reasons such as for obtaining permission to do research on any subject, securing contract or grants from government or private or other autonomous agencies, or outlining the plan, structure and strategy of any research study. Each institution or agency has or may have its own format or specific guidelines for the preparation and submission of the research proposal and its approval. A researcher needs to work in much greater detail to establish that his or her proposed research work and investigation will, first, address the problem concerned convincingly, and is, then, likely to contribute to the related literature. Researchers therefore need to make a contribution to the existing knowledge of the field of study and survey its background information to estimate the likelihood of contribution. Any person doing research needs to prepare a research proposal to go ahead with a strategy of thinking and a programme of action just as a builder requires plans to build a house. Thus, a research proposal is a sort of a blueprint for any plan, academic or otherwise. Without a research proposal, a researcher may not be able to do any research smoothly, efficiently and effectively.

Basic Components of a Research Proposal Title The title of the proposed research study, which may be given as provisional and changed with permission in the latter part of the work before submission, should indicate the nature and scope of the research study. It need not be catchy or cleverly planned, but it needs to catch the reader’s eye and deserve careful thought. By way of giving the title, researchers should tell the reader precisely what the study is about. The title should be accurate, succinct and informative. It should also be unambiguous and meaningfull. It is good if the title refers to the thesis statement and summarizes itself in as few words as possible. It need not and should not be a complete sentence that is essentially a shorter version of the thesis statement. The title should be brief and to the point. However, a subtitle can be provided if the main title does not sufficiently explain or clarify the nature, scope and purpose of the research study. So the researcher should devise a title only when he or she is clear about the focus of the study.

Introduction This is the first substantial part of the proposal. The introduction places the research work in context and sets the scene for what is to follow. It should be sufficiently interesting to awaken the interests of all concerned with and interested in the proposed research work.

The introduction should enable the reader to understand the purpose of the study together with the overview of the background information that is most relevant to the research. It needs to give a general statement of the field of the study, and its significance in a historical context, the need for the research and the prospects of the results of the study The introduction also shows the applicant’s or the proposer’s interest in the research, and familiarity with and competence of the field of the study. It is also the place to show his or her state of knowledge before the proposed study is started, to define the gap in knowledge, to say that the research study will fill that gap and to state what the applicant or proposer’s sets out to do. So a researcher needs to carefully organize the introduction of the proposal.

Objectives and Aims This is the next important part of the proposal. This section deals with the objectives and aims of the research proposal or project to be undertaken. If the research is conducted at the behest of any organization, institution or agency, this section may also consist of a statement of the frame of reference which is given to the researcher at the inception of the research study. The objectives and aims of the proposed research study detail what the researcher wishes to accomplish as a result of the result of the research work. Such objectives and aims can be broken down into major and minor,

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primary and secondary objectives and aims. In such a case, they are arranged in a hierarchical order and listed from the most important one to the least important. The number of such objectives and aims depends upon the nature of the research study. However, researchable objectives and aims are more effective and rewarding. If precisely stated, they can better guide the researcher to work with ease.

Significance of the Study The section touching on the significance of the research study to be undertaken is an important part of the research proposal in which the proposal writer should be able to justify the utility and urgency of the proposed research study. This section should also indicate clearly why the proposed study is significant and how the result of the research can not only contribute to the literature concerned but also influence the theory and practice in the area of enquiry, The need for the study may be significant in that it will show the time lapse between the similar study done before, if such study had been done earlier, and the present-proposed study. Besides, new knowledge, new techniques and /or conditions may necessitate the replications of the study afresh. There may also be the need for the study so that it can show gaps in the knowledge provided by previous research studies made in the past, and show how the present study will help to fill these gaps, thereby adding to the quantum of existing knowledge. There is the further need for the study because it can show the lack of information about a problem(s) by presenting the supporting statements of other research studies.

Statement of Problem

The statement of the problem of the research study is an essential part of the research proposal. In many cases, if there are no problems, research studies may not be fruitful. In fact, the whole process of research depends on how thoroughly the problem has been thought out at the start and framed accordingly. Without the statement of problem, no research study is worth doing. To perceive a problem(s) is one of the crucial steps in designing any piece of research. A statement of the problem precedes the research or investigation of the field of the study. Such problem(s) stated in the proposal should be thought out and framed in such a way that they seem to be original, researchable, solvable and feasible. It is important that the researcher select a problem or problems, define them, ask questions related to them and clarify what is to be solved. The question as to whether a researchable problem should be presented as a question or in the form of a statement is not important though the question form is to be preferred.

Statement of Hypothesis

results. The guiding power of the hypothesis paves the way for bringing to fruition any sort of research. A good hypothesis should provide a tentative answer to the problem specified in the proposal, should be operational, should be simple and specific, should be clearly and precisely stated, should state the expected relationship between variables, should be limited in scope, should be amenable to testing within a researchable time, and should be testable and verifiable. It is only when a hypothesis is verified and found to be true that it ripens into a theory, an objective which a true researcher always bears in mind.

Review of Literature The review of related literature is as important as any of other components specified in the research proposal. Such a review provides a summary of the writings, both published and unpublished, of recognized authorities and of previous research work done in the related field, and provides the researcher with an opportunity to assess what has been done and achieved so far, and what remains to be done in the field.

A hypothesis is closely related to the problem to be researched or investigated. Such a hypothesis or hypotheses are formulated only as the suggestive solution to the problem(s), which may lead to its retention or rejection after they are put to an empirical test either to validate or to invalidate such hypotheses.

The researcher therefore needs to go through all the existing literature relating the problems so that no important piece of work should be left unread and unrecorded. Research or investigation in any field of study involves, first, reading what other researchers have written about the researcherâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s area of interest, then, gathering information to support or refute his or her arguments and, finally, writing about his or her findings.

The formulation of the hypothesis is the edifice upon which the success of a research study largely depends. In fact, the hypothesis guides the researcher to get

The researcher should examine how other researchers have clarified their findings, how they have explored relationships between variables or facts, and

the view how they have explained such relationships. The researcher should also examine whether their methods are suitable or not for his or her purposes, and whether they have given him or her ideas about how he or she may categorize his or her data and ways in which he or she may be able to draw on the work of those researchers to support or refute his or her arguments and conclusions. The researcher should therefore be able to locate and select sources wisely, prepare bibliography properly and read the related literature critically and make their critical summary judiciously.

Methodology (procedure) This section of the proposal, in reality, comprises the how-to-do research phase, and makes explicit the research design. It considers, in detail, what should be done and how. It outlines the procedure or the order of doing things step by step. In fact, research methodology relates to the application of appropriate analytical tools and techniques which are essential for data collection, data analysis and conclusion. The section dealing with the research methodology should be prepared in such a way that if any other person(s) want to repeat a similar research work in a similar manner they will get similar results. Therefore, this part of the proposal should not be lost sight of. (It is hereby strongly advised that the researcher must read some books on Research Methodology for both before preparing Research Proposal and Research Report.)

Basic Assumptions Every area of research study is based on certain initial assumptions. Such assumptions are the statements of ideas what the researchers believe to be true

but they cannot verify them. They should, therefore, select and make their assumptions carefully so that those assumptions are relevant, applicable and necessary to the research study. However, those assumptions are open to question. Therefore, they should be selected and made in such a way that they can be defended by logic, empirical evidence or authoritative sources

Limitations and Delimitations of the Study. A sound research proposal certainly includes a section dealing with the limitations and delimitations of the research study being undertaken. The essence of this aspect refers to the fact that the area and scope of the research study should be limited and delimited so that researchers may not become too ambitious and not aspire to encompass what is beyond their control and capacity. If the area and scope of the research study is not thus limited and delimited the work itself may become unmanageable and uncontrollable. An over-ambitious research work is more than likely to place restrictions on its conclusions. Researchers should, therefore, frankly recognize and state such restrictions and limitations. This recognition helps them focus their attention on the valid objectives of the research and minimize the dangers of over-generalization. The boundaries of the research study and its reference to, on the one hand, the scope of the research study and its specific areas, and on the other hand, the procedural treatment of the research work including sampling procedures, the techniques of data collection and analysis, and the development of measuring tools and their use in the study should

be made clear in limiting and delimiting a research project.

Time Schedule Although this portion may not be required for the persons pursuing academic research such as Ph.D., M.Phil. and so on, a realistic time schedule should be prepared for completing the research study, dividing the study into manageable phases, and assigning tentative dates for their completion helps researchers systematize the study and minimize their tendency to procrastinate and waste their valuable time unnecessarily and obliviously. Researchers should therefore take into account all aspects of time factor from the very beginning of the research study till its completion and submission.

Budget The costing of the research study is an important component of the research proposal though the mention of budget is not necessary for academic research. The research proposals which are prepared and submitted to the government or private or autonomous agencies for financial assistance necessarily include the component of budget. Generally, the cost of the work is calculated and prepared accordingly. If the funding agency does not have fixed costing conventions and does not provide any guidelines on such costing, a fairly standard way of meeting all the expenses required for staff costs, travel and subsistence costs, recurrent and non-recurrent costs, equipments, tools and other costs and other necessary materials should be computed and included in the research proposal.

Definitions of Terms, Concepts, etc. Although not an integral part of the research proposal, this

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section is of great importance. It is important that researchers define all such unusual terms, concepts and variables as can be misunderstood and misinterpreted or interpreted in more than one sense to the detriment to the research study. All the terms, words and phrases having special meanings need to be defined operationally in a clear-cut way. Otherwise, ambiguity, confusion and misunderstanding may result from such misinterpretations. Therefore, researchers should define and/or describe uncommon, unusual and unfamiliar words, terms and concepts in such a way that they will not be misinterpreted or interpreted in more than one meaning. For this purpose, the researchers may find valuable sources in various dictionaries and encyclopedias concerned with different areas and comfortably benefit from them; or they may develop their own definitions, concepts etc., which are likely to be accepted by their peers and others.

Chapterization Although not needed for a comparatively short work, a tentative table of contents may be listed in the proposal if it aims at an academic research work such as theses or dissertations, which indicates an overview of the work to be divided into various parts after its completion. Generally,

the table of contents includes such headings such as preface, introduction, chapters, conclusion, appendixes, bibliography, vita and so forth. They may be listed in order. Among these headings, the mention of chapters is the most important one and other headings may accordingly be excluded and ignored. That is why chapterization alone is given the main heading of this part, generally, in academic theses and dissertations.

References and Bibliographical Information References and/or the bibliographical information, if needed to be mentioned in the proposal, contains such references and/or the bibliographical information for each of such sources as are derived from books, periodicals, audiovisual material, interviews and so on. All the works consulted and cited in the body of the proposal should be listed. Even those sources, which are not cited in the proposal but consulted while preparing it, may also be listed. Such sources may be footnoted at the bottom of the page(s) or cited as the references at the end of the proposal. Such references should always be numbered.

Instead of citing the sources as references, if the researcher wants to list the sources in the bibliographical information at the end of the proposal these sources should be listed in the alphabetical order. However, References and the Bibliographical Information both can be cited in the proposal. If it is done so, References should be footnoted at the bottom of page(s) concerned and the Bibliographical Information at the end of the proposal.

Epilogue It is therefore important that researchers take into consideration all the sections mentioned above besides other necessary parts as demanded by the nature of the study and situation, while preparing any research proposal. A well-planned and well-thought out research proposal can not only make the research proposal acceptable but also make the work easy, smooth and rewarding. So a lot of preliminary work should be done both before the preparation and the submission of such proposal. The more one plans for the proposal, the better it will be for oneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s research study.

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Role of private sector and state in making Nepal prosperous country Santosh Dahal Batch "BBA (2008-12)"

or the success of any country there is great role of private sector. Without the involvement of private sector in the countryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s economy, no country can become a prosperous country .The involvement of private sector in various fields in an economy makes positive impact because the main aim of private sector is to get benefits from investment and provide services. It is the fact that that in every developed country there is great role of private sector. For example in U.S.A

there are so many multinational companies like Microsoft, Chevrolet, Wal-mart etc. which play very important rule for the upliftment of U.S. economy. Many development agencies thus work to strengthen the capacity of businesses and business associations to engage in public-private dialogue with governments. Where entrepreneurship and markets are stifled by inappropriate regulation, excessive taxation, lack of fair competition, lack of voice or an unstable policy environment, growth and poverty reduction are likely to

suffer. Typically, donors first fund business environment analyses, such as the World Bankâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Business Reports, identifying the major constraints to business growth and then they work with government and other stakeholders to implement reforms. The private sector itself can play an important role in advocating for a better business environment. Many development agencies work to strengthen the capacity of businesses and business associations to engage in public-private dialogue with governments. In addition, state is the most powerful in a country, for making the guidelines, rules and regulations for private sectors is its major role. It is the main duty of state in order to maintain stable political condition because it is directly related with overall development of any country. For example, in Nepal during the difficult

situation 12 years of insurgency if there was no appropriate role of private sectors and the state, the condition of Nepal would have been much worse. But, it is the fact that the private sector is still facing difficulties. Today in Nepal, the major investments are in private sector. The huge investments in private sector have been playing important role for the upliftment of countryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s economy. In addition, it also shows the role of the state to provide guidelines and maintain a good and safe environment for the sustainability of the private sectors. State should provide a favorable economic environment as a positive motivator, to encourage more investments from not just internal private sectors but also from international investors. The involvement of private sectors in different fields and positive motivation and guidelines for the development of private sectors ultimately make the country prosperous.

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“Business Process Reengineering” Buzz Word Today Upen Pandey "BBA 2007-2011"

his is the age of Information Technology. IT has become life blood for any business Organization. IT has brought revolutionary change in most of the organizational activities. Business Process Reengineering is also the aftermath of IT. Booming competition in an increasingly global marketplace leaves no room for successful companies to harbor internal inefficiencies. Even more importantly, customers are becoming more demanding; if one product or services does not live up to their expectations, there are many more from which to choose. The stakes are high, and so is the penalty for not satisfying the right customers with the right product and services. The quest for internal efficiency and external effectiveness means that organization must align their internal activities and resources with the external requirements, or to put it differently, business processes must be designed properly. Business Process Reengineering (BPR) has become buzz word in today’s world of globalization. BPR simply means Fundamental rethinking and Radical redesign of business Processes to bring about Dramatic improvements in critical, contemporary measures of performance, such as cost, quality, service, and speed. The philosophy of BPR is,” Organization should improve internal processes and procedures to align with the goal of customer

satisfaction” BPR aims to achieve the goal of sufficing customers’ needs through efficient and effective business processes. It’s certain Companies created to thrive on mass production, stability, and growth can’t be fixed to succeed in such a world of hyper-competition. Three C’s have been identified as a driving force of BPR. These driving forces are Customers orientation, Cut throat Competition, and Constant Change. It is believed that Customers are the king of the market. Attraction and Retention of customers require best business processes possible. Similarly, stiff competition driven by globalization has compelled the organizations to be distinctive in the market. Here again, efficient and effective business processes can make the organization distinctive from other competitors. Likewise, there is no doubt change is only the constant thing in the world. The organization must be proactive to predict and embrace all the necessary changes, which is again surely possible through efficient processes. Therefore, BPR is essence to do right things in a right way to deliver value to the customers in the competitive marketplace. Any organization that fails to address the issue of BPR surely becomes the victim of existence in the near future. So the word BPR is knocking the doors of most of the organization around the globe.

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Subliminal Messages

uman beings have great ability to perceive things. When we are presented with some information that is just below the threshold of our conscious awareness but still reaches our brains, it is a subliminal message. The information enters our system and our brain without us truly being aware of it. We may be familiar with the idea of subliminal messages in advertising where a message is flashed so quickly that we don’t “think” we saw it but our brains actually processes it conveying the message which the advertiser wants us to get. The idea behind that is we will still respond to the message even though we fail to realize that we saw it. This method of marketing actually generates brand familiarity among the buyers which may be triggered by shape, size, sounds and even color associated with the product. It has been proved that music with fast beats makes shopper shop few items and rapidly. Whereas, if the shops have slow and pleasant music playing, shoppers take time to shop while exploring various items on the shelves. One of the first and most famous experiments about this was in

1957, when a marketing researcher named James Vicary conducted an experiment at a movie theater in Fort Lee, New Jersey. While they were screening the movie “Picnic”, he rapidly flashed messages like “Drink Coca-Cola” and “Hungry? Eat Popcorn” in the movie screen every five seconds. The messages were shown at a speed of 1/3000 of a second at a time, which is too fast to be perceived by the conscious mind. As a result Coca Cola sales increased by 18.1% and popcorn sales increased by 57.8%. These results were pretty impressive, except for the little fact that the experiment was a fake. In 1962 James Vicary admitted that he had faked the results of the whole thing. Though the results failed at those times, subliminal advertising has been one of the major weapons of the advertisers these days. Advertisers try to trigger the stimuli on individual brain so as to register the desired stimuli on sub conscious brains. A large food manufacturer once

tested two different containers for mayonnaise aimed at female shoppers. Both containers held the exact same mayonnaise, and both bore the exact same label. The only was with the shape of the bottles. The first was a narrow one around the middle and thicker at the top and on the bottom. The second had a slender neck that had a fat bottom, like a genie bottle. When asked which product they preferred, all diet-conscious women selected the first bottle without even having tasted the stuff. The researchers concluded that the subjects were associating the shape of the bottle with an image of their own bodies. Though researchers agree that people register the subliminal messages if and only if the brain isn’t too busy and has some spare capacity. This is the reason why subliminal advertisements are placed on movie theatres, and on television shows which people watch during spare times.

References: Parade: How Subliminal Advertising Works (Martin Lindstrom) alleydog.com

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Coca Cola

NBC Most of us are pretty familiar with the peacock hiding in the network’s official logo but there’s a lot more than meets the eye. The rainbow palette of its feathers is supposed to state that NBC is a channel not just for Americans, but for citizens of all ethnicities.

Unilever Unlike other companies, Unilever takes pride in its brand and actually represents its products (food, beverages, personal care) through smaller details. For example, the heart represents love, care and well-being, while the bird is a symbol of freedom, relief of daily chores and getting more out of life.

The most popular brand being Coca-Cola which lends a tribute to its European locations with its white font where each “O” crosses to represent the flag of Denmark.

Amazon Clever and innovative, Amazon’s logo holds two distinct meanings. The first is the arrow that points from A to Z - referring to everything being available on their website - while also signifying a satisfied smile that’s accented by a dimple.

Tostitos Looking closely at the centre of this logo,we can notice two people enjoying a Tostito chip with a bowl of salsa. This design was built to convey the feeling of connecting with others.

Green Labs

Baskin Robbins

This logo looks like a simple, boring green tree, but if you look at the tree crown, you’ll see that it can also be interpreted as a brain. The logo lays emphasis on the strong intellectual capabilities of the company’s staff and also reflects ‘green’ and ‘labs’ parts of their name.

Though some believe the shade of pink to symbolize ice cream, the color choice actually has a different use. Introduced in 2005, this logo uses the company’s initials to cleverly advertise the number of ice cream flavors the chain offered.

Tour De France

Toblerone

Can you spot the cyclist in the Tour de France logo? We sure can, and truth be told, the yellow circle is supposed to represent the sun which notes that the stages of the cycling event only takes place during the daytime.

Chocolate bars are more known for gimmicks than subliminal notes - but Toblerone’s logo actually features a dancing bear. The design is a tribute to the Swiss town where the chocolate is created.

Sony Vaio This Sony logo represents the brand’s integration of both digital and analog technology. The “VA” is designed to represent an analog waveform and the “IO” symbolizes binary code.

the view How brands got their names? The name describes the coca leaves and kola nuts which were originally used in Coca Cola for its flavoring. Adidas is taken for the nickname of the founder Adolf Adi Dassler. His brother, Rudolf Rudi Dassler went on to found his own shoe company called Ruda which later became Puma.

This is a combination of Latin word veritas which means truth and another word horizon.

IKEA was named after the initials of founder Ingvar Kampard and th initials of the property and village he grew up in, Elmtaryd Agunnararyd.

This was named after the companyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s first product the eversharp pencil.

The name Nabisco is shortened form of original name, National Biscuit Company.

We see and interact with large number of organizations regularly. We get fascinated about the names, tag lines and logos that these companies use in order to catch every individualâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s attention. Have we ever wondered how these organizations ever got their names? Let us know about few companies how did they explore their names?

This was named after Adobe Creek running behind the founderâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s house.

SEGA is short form of Service Games Japan, which originally imported pinball machines to American Military Bases in Japan.

Pepsi is named after the digestive enzyme pepsin.

This came from a Japanese word Nintendou. Nin means entrusted and ten-dou means heaven.

This popular hamburger provider was named under the nickname of thefounder Dave Thomas daughter Melinda.

It is stylized form the word rhebok which means an African antelope.

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Cigarette, My Friend! I’m living to spend the life. Happiness is once in a blue moon, I’m smiling to conceal the pain, Tears have become my boon. I’ve found a buddy, She’s my friend, my wife. I’ve to become muddy, She’s my friend, my life. My corpse is important to the nature, She makes my life shorter. The minerals are important to the nature. She makes the peace last longer. When I get tensed, I take her out from my pocket. When my brain gets fenced, I lit him with my lighter. She never refuses my company. I inhale her sweet peaceful breath, She gives me pleasure of honey, I promise to gift her my last breath. Old dry woods would get the goal, Fire in the body would liberate my soul. By: Roshan Roy BBA 1st Year

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Product Launches Social And cultural events

Cocktail parties

Expos and Seminars Weddings

Contact Us Bhimsengola-34, New Baneshwor Kathmandu, Nepal Booking contact: 9851049015 , 9851049020, 9851049019 Just give us a call and let us take care of your needs with the best rates.

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Booming social media marketing(SMM) Sushanta Khanal 4th Year, Marketing. sushantakhanal.com.np

Recently many companies in Nepal have added social media to the list of marketing medium. The number of Nepali companies that are using social media as a tool to reach customer are increasing. This increment can be linked up with the statistics of increasing Nepali users on Facebook, Twitter and other popular social media. According to Social Bakers the total number of active Nepali Facebook user have touched around 20,98,640 with Nepal’s rank of 64 out of 212 countries as on April 2013. More and more number of people are accessing the internet after telecommunications boom in recent years. ADSL, Data Cards, Wireless and cellular packages have acted as catalyst for increasing Nepali population in social networks. So what can be the best and cost effective way of reaching Nepali Customer other than Social Media Marketing. The concept of social media marketing is a recent one and is still emerging. Revolutions and campaigns today are using social media for getting people’s support . Politicians abroad are asking votes via social media

communication. Government now communicates to the public via social media. Almost every large organization have social presence. The new trends had redefined social media as a value added, competitive advantage creation tool to survival

tool . If a company doesn’t use social media than it’s communication is not enough. In Nepal Social media marketing is in introduction phase. However it is gaining momentum in very short span. Many companies are using Social Media along with other traditional medium. Companies like Ncell , Acetravels.com, Sparrow SMS are very aggressive players in social media, Specially the Facebook. Ncell has expanded its fan base with 340 K fans in its official Facebook page and remains the page with highest fanbase . Many companies are using twitter too as stream for communication, Ujyaloo online and Nepali times are leader in Nepal with highest followers in twitter. Social Media Campaigns or messages have greater impact on society. It can be used to make an idea come true. In December 2012, a social organization - Invisible children used a documentary titled “Kony 2012” via Youtube to create support for stopping Kony (a rebel leader). The documentary created a great buzz and many people came to streets as well as signed petition. Finally various government started to act to stop Kony. Various campaigns had been successful in Nepal

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Despite the increasing trend of Social media there are lots of challenges for business to engage in it. Some social media like Facebook require credit card payment to initiate a sponsored Campaign. Small business cannot afford such payment as acquiring Int. Credit card takes major cost. via Social media. Puspha Basnet and Anuradha Koirala have achieved the title of CNN hero due to social campaign to support and vote them. Youth groups like UnitingNepal which started just as a Facebook group had created lot of pressure for change. Many People protested the issue of “Gautam Buddha Birth in India” via Twitter, Facebook. With protests and petitions various parties have acknowledged the fact the Gautam Buddha was born in Nepal and corrected the issues. Social Media have been used to advertise ideas, cause, products, services. The usage is increasing, which can be linked to two major advantages it serves over other marketing channel. Firstly, Social media is cost effective in compared to other Mass media. Secondly, Social Media can be used to target particular group

Forgive In my life, perhaps for the first time, I feel myself guilt of the great crime, I couldn’t understand and hurt her heart, Have realized now, but she has already Departed…….. I shaded tears, blamed her for all my pain, Forget that she was the reason for all my gain, She was not my misfortune, but meeting her was My fate……. No use of thid repent coz its already too late.. Sorry dear,please come back and forgive me I promise to become what you want me to be Come lets return to our past which was so Pure Lets live together for each other,like we used to Before….. I known I dn’t deserve what I want from you But cant live without you,have no other clue I known the god is not so great to forgive me all the Time But yet hope that this true love makes Everything fine….. By: Rohit Ojha BBA 1st Year

of people on basis of age, interest, geography, culture, religion, occupation or any other relevant dimension. Customized communication can be done to various target groups. Besides these major advantages, Social Media’s effectiveness is easy to measure with Analytical tools. Further being a interactive media it’s a two way process where feedbacks can be assimilated easily. Despite the increasing trend of Social media there are lots of challenges for business to engage in it. Some social media like Facebook require credit card payment to initiate a sponsored Campaign. Small business cannot afford such payment as acquiring Int. Credit card takes major cost. Similarly some business may not get benefit from social media as their target group could be approached via other media effectively. A business need to think regarding tradeoff of choosing social media over other media.

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Untitled -Ayushma K.C (BBA, 3rd Year)

alking past the Bridha Ashram at Pashupati where I go for a daily walk, I always see the elderly people with their remaining possessions carried in a bag or shawl or whatever they have. Their sad, watery eyes stare at me as I go past them. I never had enough courage to get in and see what’s there inside, how the old age home is. Weeks after the death of my grandmother I collected my courage and with a shy glance I entered the old age home. A young person smiled at me thinking I was a tourist or something (I guessed he was thinking about “DONATION” as I could see the donation box in front of entrance gate). I was happy to see some elderly dancing in the tunes of a “bhajan” being performed live by a group of some middle aged people. But my smile faded when I saw many elderly people compelled to sleep out in the corridors due to the limited bed space. Seeing them sleeping in the cold place, I remembered how my grandmother always used to be cold and made me tuck her in her cozy bed. I climbed the stairs of the high platform where some temples were built in, with some iron benches, where an old man was sitting, enjoying the sun’s warmth at the dusk. He was looking at me, I smiled and greeted him. To my surprise, his eyes glittered and he gave me wide smile back. I could see the 3 decayed teeth and his wrinkled eyes. I sat beside him he asked me where

I was from, I answered nearby. He told me that I didn’t look like I belong here. I smiled and asked him how his health was and how he ended up in a Bridha ashram. He stared down at his rugged old shoe and said “khoi ba yestai ho, K bhanne… chora, buhari le ek dui din basnu hami lina aauchu bhane tarai khoi..aayenan” I could feel the sadness in his deep heavy voice. I was speechless. I tried to be cheerful and asked him if he made some good friends. He grinned a little and said yes. It was because of those friends he made there, he could survive the days there. I asked him if he wanted to eat anything. He smiled and said no. With a grin I asked if he smoked, yes, he answered. I bought him a pack of smoke; I knew the packet of cigarette made him happy as it did to my grand mom. She used to be happier if someone brought her a packet of cigarettes than fruits or other gifts. With a smile I left him. I told him “Buwa dherai churot nakhanu hai, ramro hudaina ni”. He smiled but didn’t say anything. I waved at him and while returning I took a round turn of the platform. An old cheerful woman was smiling at me. I smiled back she called me with a wave. I went to her. She looked like she was in her mid 60’s. She grinned a little and asked me “Malai chau chau kindinchau?” I discovered a little child within the woman her asking for the snack. I smiled and said “Huncha, kachai khana saknuhunca”. She smiled and said, “Rati chiura saga khane k misayera” I laughed a little. I brought her two packets of Wai- Wai. When I handed it to her, she hurriedly hid it inside her choli, I laughed at that site.

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35 She answered “K garne feri aaru le dhekchan”. I smiled and asked her where she was from. She replied that she was from Pharping. Without my query she continued “ Buhari le kutera basnai dinne mero daraj ko luga, bhada sabai lagi, khana pani dinna thi, chora pani testai”. She pointed the finger at old couple sitting together, and said “Tiniharu lai pani chora le basna khana na diyeraa aafai aako tiniharu ta”. My eyes were moist, she continued telling her story “Kathmandu ma janme ko malai behe gardiyera yo kaha pare, afno aama buwa lai pani kaile bhetna payena, chora ta tinta chan ni kancho kaile kai aaucha bhetna.” The sun was starting to set at the horizon. I cut off her saying ‘’Aama ma feri aauchu ni hai” she smiled and said, “La baa aau hai”. I held her hand, she squeezed it tight. Blindly I said, “Khusi sath basnu hai.” I smiled at the old couple, with 15RS left in my pocket. I put it inside the donation box.

WORDS

On my way back I was thinking about my grandmother. It brought tears in my eyes, remembering how I loved her with every bit of my heart. She was more like a friend to me than my grandmother. How I used to complain about the wrong female dominating culture, and telling her I could beat up my big brother any time. I was blessed to have great grandparents. My dearest muwa with her guiding love and care has made me the person I am today. Love for animals, empathy for human and less fortunate, following culture, respecting elders and acting “lady like”, she was my guardian angel , my best friend and I missed her so much The words that gives meaning to my world... The words that hurts, or the words of pain.. The words of love, or the words of hate.. The words that’s sharp and pierce every heart... The words that I said, or the words that I heard.. The truths untold, and the words unfold.. The words that play or the words unexpected.. The words lie too, and is a mystery unexplained.. By: Kirtika Joshi BBA 1st Year

during this visit to the old age home . I tried to hold back my tears so I wouldn’t I burst out in public.

change.

Now I am determined to build a good old age home in the future. Maybe with some help, I can fulfill this dream soon enough. How sad it was for the elderly at the Briddha Ashram to be kicked out of their own homes by their sons and daughter in-laws. How cruel and selfish the world has become, to kick out their own parents. “Humans are different than animals, because we have power to forgive” so why not learn to forgive, be less selfish for a

I was happy with myself because with my simple gesture I was able to put a smile on some elderly people’s faces. Everyone deserves to smile and be happy once in a while. So why not pay a simple visit to an elderly home and put a smile on someone’s face. You don’t even need to go there, just tell your parents or grandparents how much you love them. I never got a chance to thank my grandmom and tell her that I loved her, as she got suddenly very sick and was in the ICU for more than a month before she passed away on 3rd May 2013. Though not all people are gifted with the gift of love, care and comfortable home, that does not mean that they don’t deserve these things in life or they are paying for their wrongdoing. If we take a joint step forward we can definitely change the world.

the view “I have a dream”

URUSHA JOSHI 1st year (BBA)

have a deeply rooted dream that awakens me every day. I have dreamed a dream that is going to make me stand out from the rest .I have dreamed a dream that urges me every moment to raise myself from my materialistic world and enter to the world of those needy children who are waiting for someone with wider sight and bigger heart. Yes, my dream is for those orphans who are permanently bereaved of or abandoned by this world. A child is like raw clay that can moulded to a desired shape. Child is most truthful and innocent being, who should be trusted with great love and care. They need protection from family to build confidence to face the world and care to nurture their childhood. Every child deserves a future, a hope and have right to grow as a good citizen. But there are many children in our society who are deprived of physical and emotional support. They have to beg for their survival. Many children have no access to even basic requisite: food, clothes, shelter and education. They are forced to sleep in piles of garbage on the street. They live their lives void of love, comfort and security. Their lives are full of fear, uncertainty and sickness. While other children are brought up and sold as child labour or sexual commodities and most children left on the street to defend themselves being victims from the local gangs. Their lives are being lost to a tragic destiny that undermines the vey intent of life. And sure, such is the orphan’s plight! A question often keeps going through my mind, ‘What will be the future of these children?’ So, I have a dream of an orphanage which welcomes orphans and where they are treated with love and affection. I have a dream to assist these children’s with spiritual insight and guidance that is designed to teach them how to live in society as an independent and responsible citizen. I have a dream to fill the gap that has destined these young

children to live out their lives in social exclusion and personal sufferings beyond what anyone sees or comprehends. I have a dream to be their voice and their inner strength. This is my hope. This is the faith with which I live every day. With this faith, I will be able to save, mollify, and glisten the life of many orphans. With this faith, I will be able to provide physical and emotional support, love and affection to these children who now face life abandoned, ill prepared and emotionally empty. With this faith, I will be able to turn these so called caterpillars into butterflies. But I am also aware that the string where the beads of my dreams are embedded also carries several obstacles and difficulties. It sounds enthusiastic and raises the curtain of hope for those several needy children but to dream and to give it moulding shape is a tough task. Several hindrances will try to stop me, discourage me to move ahead. Economically, socially and culturally I might be discouraged. My physical dream of being financially sound, gaining social reputation might create chaos to choose the right path. But no dream is taller than the dream that makes a dried lips smile. No happiness is greater than feeding a hungry stomach. The day when my dream comes true I may remain same, my status may remain same but hundreds of orphan will find a home and will find a family. I alone might not reach there at my dream destination; I need few more helping hands and kind hearts that can stand tall ahead of this physical world. Till that day when I feel I am ready to walk along the path of my dream, I will be searching other few helping hands. My growing dream whispers me and says, humanity still exists and human are still kind.

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What a Comeback! It may have gone under the radar in the United States, but one of the most lucrative television deals in the history of professional sports was signed this summer. In June, Rupert Murdoch’s British Sky Broadcasting and British telecom giant BT collectively bid £3 billion, or $4.7 billion, for the rights to broadcast English soccer in the United Kingdom for the next three years. On a yearly basis, major American networks pay just twice as much to broadcast the NFL in a country that is five times as big. And after the Premier League negotiates international over the next few months, it should come close to closing the remaining gap. England’s Premier League is now the most profitable soccer league in the world, and one of the most successful sports businesses of any kind. The Premier League’s economic success is a surprising story, the result of a remarkable and unexpected turnaround. In 1992, when the top flight of English soccer split off from the Football Association’s lower leagues after a contentious contract dispute, English soccer was as much of a national embarrassment as it was a national pastime. By the early 1990s, soccer in England had squandered a century-old history as the most storied sports competition in the world. English teams were coming off a 10-year stretch that saw their reputations sink to catastrophic levels both domestically and internationally. In 1985, soccer reached its nadir in the country that invented the sport. Thirty-nine fans of the Italian club Juventus were killed by a collapsing concrete wall at Heysel Stadium

during a European Cup match in Belgium following clashes instigated by supporters of Liverpool. After Heysel, English clubs were banned from competing in Europe indefinitely, a suspension that ended up lasting five seasons. That same year also saw one of the worst soccer riots in history between supporters of Millwall and Luton back in the U.K. In addition to historic bouts of hooliganism, British soccer had to contend with dangerously deteriorating stadiums from the Victorian era. Just weeks before the tragic events at Heysel and just two months after the MillwallLuton clashes, a horrific stadium fire at Bradford City resulted in 56 deaths. By the end of the 1980s, English soccer was defined not by the achievements of the players, but by the violent reputations of the game’s fans and by stadium disasters. Margaret Thatcher’s government, notoriously antagonistic to the traditionally working-class sport, had started to treat soccer as a law-andorder issue and was clamoring for legislation that would require fans to show identification cards in order to attend games. On April 15, 1989 the sport hit a new low point at an FA Cup semifinal between Liverpool and Nottingham Forrest at Hillsborough Stadium. Because of traffic jams on the road from Liverpool to Sheffield, streams of Liverpool fans arrived late to the game. Hillsborough Stadium did not have enough stewards to manage the rush of fans. Thousands of Liverpool supporters were hurried though gates into overcrowded standing-room

terraces that were then typical of English football stadiums. Once those terraces were well beyond capacity, the fans were sent into holding “pens.” The pens quickly became dangerously packed as the rush of fans continued. Eventually, protective barriers between the fans gave way and scores of people were pressed against each other, causing a fatal “crush.” Ninety-six people lost their lives, many dying from asphyxiation. Top police and political officials attempted to scapegoat Liverpool supporters. Rupert Murdoch’s tabloid the Sun, citing false reports from anonymous sources in the South Yorkshire Police force and Parliament, claimed that Liverpool fans had robbed the dead, urinated on them, and prevented police and emergency services from doing their jobs. “Initially, when all the Liverpool fans were blamed for having caused this there was a credibility to that because of the decade we had,” says Ian Ridley, author of There’s a Golden Sky: How Twenty Years of the Premier League has Changed Football Forever. (Only last week did the full truth come out, when the findings of a three-year long inquest into the Hillsborough tragedy were released. Not only did it definitively conclude that Liverpool supporters were not responsible for the deaths, it blamed the police for attempting to cover up their own faults by altering 146 police statements after the fact. Most disturbingly, police covered up the fact that some 41 lives could have been saved had the emergency response been swifter. In a speech before Parliament, Britain’s Prime

the view Minister David Cameron apologized to the family members of the Hillsborough victims.) In the early 1990s, the Hillsborough tragedy came to be seen as the culmination of a disastrous era for the sport. “Hillsborough was almost the logical conclusion of that whole decade when it came to football,” Ridley told me. “Football was on its knees basically.” Out of this darkness, English soccer could have gone in one of two directions. The political class could have accepted the false narrative of Hillsborough as proof that England’s soccer fans were hopeless and that the sport was beyond salvation. The government could have gone full-steam ahead with Thatcher’s ID law. This would have alienated the sport’s existing fan base, while reinforcing the stigma that soccer was a sport for poor, drunken thugs. But instead, three things happened that changed the course of English soccer—and ultimately the international sporting order— forever. First, the government commissioned Lord Peter Taylor to conduct the initial inquiry into the cause of the Hillsborough disaster. Though he didn’t reach the sweeping conclusions of police ineptitude and conspiracy that this month’s report revealed, Taylor did determine that Liverpool fans were not at fault. The lax crowdcontrol methods of the police and poor stadium conditions were cited as the reasons for the catastrophe, and Taylor listed several recommended correctives. Principally, he advised that England’s major stadiums be converted to “all-seater” facilities, with the removal of standing-room terraces. This recommendation was implemented by the top two divisions of English football over the course of the next 10 years. “Lord Justice Taylor is one of the great unsung heroes of

English football and society in general,” Ridley said. “All his recommendations on seating, while they were expensive, they certainly paved the way for a new mood around football whereby fans were no longer herded like cattle.” The move away from terraces had the unfortunate effect of pricing poorer fans out of stadiums. But it’s difficult to quibble with the safety results—there have not been any deaths as the result of soccer stadium conditions in the United Kingdom since the Taylor recommendations were implemented, and incidences of hooliganism have decreased significantly. The second change in the wake of Hillsborough had to do with the actual product of English soccer on the field. At the 1990 World Cup in Italy, England’s early matches were marred by the typical rioting, arrests, and deportations of English fans, as well as a slow start to the tournament by a team that barely eked into the second round. “There was a bad taste about football in England, a horrible taste,” Paul Parker, a starting defender on the 1990 England team, told me during an interview two years ago. “People didn’t want to be involved in it,” he added, recalling the standing of the sport heading into the 1990 World Cup. But the knockout phase of the competition produced some of the greatest sporting drama the nation had ever seen. First, David Platt scored a stunning volley in the 119th minute of the team’s opening knockout match to claim a 1-0 victory for England over Belgium at the last possible moment of extra time. Then England repeated this seemingly miraculous performance with a shocking come-from-behind 3-2 win over Cameroon. Again, the decisive goal came in a thrilling period of extra time.

England ultimately lost the semifinal match with arch-rivals Germany in a penalty shootout, but it remains one of the most memorable soccer games the nation has ever played. The team was also rewarded with the fair-play trophy for its record of sportsmanship, a fact that Parker believed gave an added shine to the achievement. The squad returned home conquering heroes rather than social pariahs. A flock of 250,000 jubilant fans greeted their arrival. “It looked like the Beatles were being knighted when we turned up at the airport,” Parker remembered. “There was a wave of optimism and euphoria,” author Ian Ridley told me. “I don’t think we were fooled that English football was in great shape, [but] it allowed people to cast off a bit of the gloom and create a bit more of a climate where people thought, ‘well, how do we capitalize on this improvement?’ ” All of this led to the final, and perhaps most critical step in the nation’s soccer revival: The creation of the Premier League in 1992. Just a few months after the end of the World Cup, the heads of the five biggest English clubs met with the director of ITV’s sports coverage to map a new course for the sport. For decades the top league had shared broadcasting revenue and negotiated rights jointly with the country’s lower divisions, the equivalent of the sport’s minor leagues. The six men decided that this arrangement was not working. The big-five club owners would pressure the rest of the English first division into pulling out of the existing league system and for the first time ever negotiating its own TV deal. The lower leagues were ultimately forced to go along,

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and the new Premier League was forged. That first deal was signed for a then-record £300 million over five years with Rupert Murdoch’s fledgling satellite provider Sky winning the bulk of the rights. The 1990 World Cup team and the founding of the Premier League two years later led to an immediate image revival for English soccer, at least from a corporate standpoint. “People who weren’t football fans, started recognizing footballers,” Parker recalled. “Major companies started wanting to be involved in football again.” After the injection of fresh money into the top-tier of the sport and the stadium changes initiated by the Taylor report, the league started to see an expanded fan base. As matches became safer and stadiums became cleaner, attending games became a normal family activity. At the same time, foreign players began to take a greater interest in the English game because of all the new money. In the 1980s, foreign players who left home had opted to play in the more prestigious Italian league Serie A. By the mid-’90s, they were starting to come to the cash-rich Premier League. The European continents biggest stars—Eric Cantona, Jürgen Klinsmann, Dennis Bergkamp, Thierry Henry—who in the earlier era likely would have opted to play in Italy, were instead coming to England. The influxes of foreign players and managers have radically improved the dreary, rainy soccer of the ’70s and ’80s, famously described by Nick Hornby in Fever Pitch. The Premier League is now as exciting as it is wealthy. Today, a Spurs-Arsenal match featuring such international stars as Gervinho, Lukas Podolski, and Emmanuel Adebayor is more likely to see seven sizzling goals than none.

As the product improved on the pitch and more money came in, the foreign TV markets began to take an interest. The domestic TV deals, meanwhile, continued to swell. In 1997, Sky renewed its deal for £670 million, a 337 percent increase in annual rights. At the same time that the satellite station was drawing in millions of new subscribers, the country’s soccer clubs were now drawing the largest share of their revenues from the TV deals. The upcoming round of international TV contracts are expected to amass as much as £2 billion, which—when added with June’s record domestic deal— would move the league within striking distance of the NFL for the wealthiest in the world. The whole endeavor weathered the latest economic crises, with player wages increasing commensurately with TV rights. “Football has done very well during an economic recession because it remains a comparatively cheap form of entertainment,” Ridley said. At the same time, however, record sums of money have resulted in a disparity on the field and in the stands. Tickets in all-seater stadiums are more expensive than they were in the terrace days, while clubs have moved more towards the American model of aggressively marketing season tickets. Ticket prices have increased by upward of 1,100 percent since 1992. Foreign owners, meanwhile, have bought some of the top teams for exorbitant sums, and started paying salaries that are inconceivable for smaller market clubs. This has led to the creation of a handful of wealthy superteams that dominate the competition year in and year out. At the beginning of any given season, it’s fairly easy

to know which two or three major teams are going to contest for the title by year’s end. Despite the league’s self-image crisis, it still is more competitive than the other big European league in Spain, where just two teams inevitably dominate year after year. It’s also very difficult to argue with the bottom line. The sport continues to generate billions of pounds in TV, merchandising, and ticket revenues, and a cool £1 billion alone in tax revenues for the British government. Longtime fans might resent the idea of a billionaire Russian owner, billionaire American owners, and a billionaire Sheikh from Abu Dhabi having “bought” the last three English titles for Chelsea, Manchester United, and Manchester City respectively. But in terms of pure sporting spectacle, last season was probably the most dramatic finish any European soccer league has witnessed, ever. In the final minutes of the final day of the season, Manchester City clinched their first title in 44 years ahead of cross-town rivals Manchester United. City was able to capture the trophy only after Bosnian star Edin Dzeko and Argentine star Sergio Aguero both scored goals in injury time to lead the club to a shocking 3-2 come-from-behind victory over London’s Queens Park Rangers. Just one thought came to mind after last year’s dramatic finale: What a comeback. Source: http://www.slate. com/articles/business/the_ pivot/2012/09/the_premier_ league_how_english_soccer_ made_an_incredible_turnaround_. single.html

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“What does Nepal have to sell being a WTO Member” Prajol Joshi “BBA - (2007-2011)” Nepal has got the membership of World Trade Organization (WTO) on April 23rd, 2004. Being a WTO member, Nepal could enjoy many special provisions that would ease its International trade as well as help to attract more foreign investment into the economy. But, has Nepal succeeded to enjoy those benefits and apply the benefits of being a member to outweigh the costs associated with it. The question often raised by economists before getting WTO membership was: “What does Nepal have to sell in International Market after being a WTO member”. It’s true that as a WTO member and least developed nation, Nepal would get many special benefits to enjoy but, there are many direct and indirect cost associated with WTO membership so, we must identify and compare the benefits drawn and cost incurred. The benefits include possible higher exports due to low trade barriers but, the record shows that Nepal is not being able to achieve higher exports. According to the report prepared by World Economic Forum, Volume of Exports has been falling down and especially during 2009/10, Exports dropped significantly and Import surged leading to a huge trade deficit of 213.33

Billion. The trade deficit was up by 61.2% than last year. So, it is obvious that Nepal is not being able to utilize the benefits offered by WTO membership. Even today this trend has not changed a bit. According to the report from Nepal Rastra Bank, the trade deficit of first 11 months of Fiscal year 2011/12 is Rs. 352.35 Billion with increment of 17% than the same period in last year. The other possible benefit of WTO membership is it helps to attract more foreign investment into the country but, in this part also Nepal is lagging behind other south Asian nations. According to the World Investment Report of 2011, the FDI inflow to Nepal was only $39 million which is 2nd lowest in whole South Asia during 2010. The portion of FDI inflow to Nepal out of total FDI inflows in whole south Asia is just mere 0.12% in 2010 and out of FDI inflows to entire LDC’s region it was just 0.15%. But, along with all these benefits offered, WTO also brings many direct and indirect costs to economy. The cost of compliance to WTO regulations is at least 30 million US Dollars or around 2.5 billion Nepalese rupees which is a very huge cost for a country like Nepal. In addition, Following the WTO guidelines, Nepal

has set the import tariff rates of most goods below 15% which is lowest in entire south Asian region and this has affected the government revenue. Though the WTO membership is considered an essential requirement for economic prosperity of any nation but, Nepal is not being able to enjoy all those benefits and is not moving towards economic prosperity even after the WTO membership. According to Prof. Jane Kelsey of University of Auckland in one of the WTO public symposium in Geneva; “If the LDC’s have nothing to sell in the outside market, it has no meaning to join WTO”. Thus, to gain benefits from this rule based trading mechanism, country must have adequate products to sell in the outside market. But, Nepal doesn’t have anything with competitive advantage to sell in the outside market. The focus of our Industrial manufacturing is merchandizing rather that manufacturing. So, Nepal in order to benefit from WTO must improve its National Competitiveness that determines the nations’ ability to create, produce, and distribute goods or services in international market. The “Nepal Trade & Competitive Study” conducted by Ministry of Industry, Commerce and

Supplies has pinpointed the 11 different areas of opportunity in which Nepal could gain competitiveness in international market. The list includes lentils, spices, leather products, hand knotted wool carpets, polyester yarns, garments & pashmina, higher seeds, stone carved buddhas, specialty teas and Grass oils. Thus, we should concentrate on these areas to improve our national production. Developing countries like Nepal could benefit through WTO but only if their economies are able to respond to changes made by WTO and which requires combination of actions i.e. improve policy making and macro-economic management to boost investment and production. Success depends on how Nepal can sell its product in global market. The best way for developing countries like Nepal to gain economic prosperity is to create its own niche market of goods in which the country could gain competitiveness. So, we must have something with competitive advantage to sell in the outside market to gain all the benefits offered by WTO.

The article was first published in the magazine “Vantage”

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"Students should be able to clearly locate where their destination is" Dr. Nara Hari Khanal

Dr. Nara Hari Dhakal is Doctorate in Economics. He started his career from Agriculture Development Bank Ltd. and worked there for 9 years and has been serving in the banking sector since past 29 years. Currently he is the chairman of Rastriya Banijya Bank (RBB) and consultant of Asian Development Bank.

How do you perceive the current economic and business environment of Nepal? Frankly speaking there is no business environment in Nepal. When a business person invests then he expects some return. But due to various reasons like political instability and no timely budget the confidence of investors is decreasing .There are limited numbers of industries which cannot create the employment opportunities as per demand of labor market due to which labor market are compelled to fly overseas in search of jobs.

What kinds of policies would help address the problems faced by the economic sector of Nepal? Talking about the policies, political stability is a must. Every government makes their own policy but when it comes to the time of implementation of those policies, the government is already changed. This is the bitter truth faced by our country.

Government should provide security to investors to boost their confidence. The problems of the trade unions should be solved. Trade unions should create a bridge between workers and management rather than taking political membership and creating obstacles in the business and lastly â&#x20AC;&#x153;No work No payâ&#x20AC;? should be implemented.

What are the problems faced by the Nepalese banking system? The major problem of Nepalese banking system is excessive number of banks, which has to compete in limited market. This has created unethical practices among banks. In other perspective banks has been providing excessive loan which create liquidity problems and customers are not secured to deposit.

Government should provide security to investors to boost their confidence. The problems of the trade unions should be solved.

the view What has been the role for RBB in contribution to the growth of Nepalâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s economy in general? RBB has been playing three major roles in the economy of Nepal. Firstly, it has been providing financial access to rural areas where other banking institutions have not yet reached. Similarly, it has been helping government to provide facilities like pension, old age allowance where Nepal Rastra Bank is not available. In addition to this, it has been helping to stabilize the market and regulating code of government in addition to Nepal Rastra Bank.

What are your suggestions to Nepal Rastra Bank to enhance the role of banking sector in revamping of the Nepalese economy? Proper inspection of banks and financial institutions should be done in critical way on regular basis. Merger and acquisitions should be made more attractive. Banks should be motivated to open their branches in the rural areas. Here, in Nepal, owners of bank look after the overall management which should not be practiced. BODs should hire skilled human resource for top level management; this creates employment opportunities and helps for proper regulation of bank.

Are some of your banking products targeted or being introduced for the benefits of the students?

Hiding in the shadow

Yes, definitely RBB provides educational loan. It also helps in transaction of scholarship provided by World Bank.

42 How could the linkage between the banking sector and business academic institutions like NCM are strengthened for benefits of all the stakeholders? I am highly disappointed to say that there is no culture of banking sector and academic institutions. In fact, the bank and educational institutional should have special arrangement with each other so that students can get enrolled in banks after they complete their education. This needs to be done immediately. Also the educational sector is flourishing day by day but there is no industrial growth which makes potential industrialists to move to other nation.

At last what suggestions would you like to give to business students? Firstly, practical knowledge is must as needed by labor market. And students should be able to clearly locate where their destination is. They need to make difference between themselves and graduates from other local universities, then they will have guaranteed future.

the bank and educational institutional should have special arrangement with each other so that students can get enrolled in banks after they complete their education.

Only if the sun sets Only if the silence spreads Shall I come into existence Only if the flowers sed Only if the wise lose their heads Sall I sing in joy Only if the judge is none Only if the doer is one Shall I become the leader Only if the voices fade Only if hteir hands be dead Shall I get a warmer chair Only if their eyes be blind Only if their tastes be useless Shall I become the glorious flower Only if the survivor is one Only if the talents are burnt Shall my work be glorified Only if the sun sets Only if the light fades Shall I glow like the moon By: Roshan Roy BBA 1st Year

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Extended Producer Responsibility(EPR) â&#x20AC;&#x153;The article was first published in The Kathmandu Post.â&#x20AC;?

- Aman Chitrakar

xtended Producer Responsibility (EPR) is an emerging principle for a new generation of pollution prevention policies that focus on product systems instead of production facilities. The aim of EPR is to encourage producers to prevent pollution and reduce resource and energy use in each stage of the product life-cycle through changes in product design and process technology. In its widest sense, Producer Responsibility is the principle that producers bear a degree of responsibility for all the environmental impacts of their products. This includes upstream impacts arising from the choice of materials and from the manufacturing process and downstream impacts, from the use and disposal of products. Producers accept their responsibility when they accept legal, physical, or economic responsibility for the environmental impacts that cannot be eliminated by design.

the view EPR is a key issue for a country like Nepal where almost all the products are imported.. Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) focuses on the responsibility that producers assume for their products at the end of their useful life, or post-consumer stage. The model example of EPR is product take-back where a producer takes back a product at the end of its useful life (i.e., when discarded) either directly or through a third party. Other terms used are ‘take-back’, ‘product liability’ or ‘product responsibility.’ The ranges of responsibilities can be: • Physical responsibility Where the producer is involved in the physical management of the products, used products, or the impacts of the products through development of technology or provision of services; • Economic responsibility Where a producer covers all or part of the costs for managing wastes at the end of a product’s life (e.g. collection, processing, treatment or disposal); • Liability where responsibility for environmental damages caused by a product - in production, use or disposal - is borne by a producer; and • Informative liability Where the producer is required to provide information regarding the product and its effects during various stages of its life cycle Hence, EPR is a key issue for a country like Nepal where almost all the products are imported. It is a well admitted fact that we the Nepalese people; for various reasons and shortcomings within ourselves; are spending our limited money and wealth in procuring the physical assets produced by the manufacturers in the land external to Nepal. But the producers of those items; which are being sold here or in other words those are being accepted by us; are no where seem to be concerned about- what happens to their products after they arrive at the end of life stage. By implementation of EPR, the producers are made to take full responsibility of their products after their products arrive at the end of life stage. It is particularly beneficial for the issue like ‘sometimes the producers though tries their best to avoid the use of unwanted materials (environmentally unfriendly) in its production process, but is forced to use such materials due to its design or other constraints during the production phase.’ By implementing EPR, this kind of issue can be resolved such that the respective producer is bound to take the necessary action at the end of life stage of its product in order to prevent the environmental

44 or health hazard from the harmful materials that has been used earlier during the production phase. Other objectives are to address the problems of abandoned used products and the scraps. By implementing EPR the collection of useful materials and resources from the products at their end of life stage can also be achieved via proper processing, re-use and recovery methods. At the same time the producers should be discouraged in using the harmful and polluting materials in their products. This is the high time for a country like Nepal to impose some regulations regarding the extended producers’ responsibility (EPR), where most of the products manufactured in any part or every part of the world are accepted without any resistance particularly in the direction of the adverse effect that it shall cause to the environment of our surrounding. For instance let’s take an example of the cellular phones or the light vehicles that are being accepted by us joyfully with pride and not thinking of what will be the scenario around us once all these products reach at their end of life stage. Where shall we dump those used no more useful products and how much will it cost to our environment if no proper processing is done. Hence, should we go on accepting these entire artifacts like we have been doing, without imposing any liability upon the manufacturers for the handling and processing of such products after they have arrived at their end of life stage, remains a big issue yet to be addressed cause the manufacturers are the ones who had achieved so much from us by selling their products.

This is the high time for a country like Nepal to impose some regulations regarding the extended producers’ responsibility

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Dealing with Stress During College life. - Nitendra Thakur, 1st Year (BHTM )

hether you’re facing final exams, managing a long distance relationship or just struggling to stay on top of a pile of homework, college can be a stressful time. Don’t succumb to anxiety - follow these simple tips for dealing with stress during college.

Conquer Your Stress College students face a host of stressors. University-level homework may be more challenging (and plentiful!) than anything you’ve ever faced before, and final exams can bring a whole new meaning to the term ‘crunch time.’ The difficulties also don’t typically end with academics. Romance and social lives can be as much a source of anxiety as they are of fun, and many students struggle to stay on top of the newfound freedoms of living away from home, from cooking to laundry to managing a budget. In response to these challenges, some students fall behind on homework, stop attending class or worse - they turn to dangerous coping mechanisms like drugs or alcohol. Don’t let this happen to you! Here are some ideas for managing your college life and keeping your stress levels under control.

Organize your time. Everything will feel less overwhelming if you have a manageable plan for staying on track. Get a calendar and use it to track your classes and deadlines, as well as plan out study time and social time.

Set realistic goals. Many students generate extra stress for themselves by taking on too many responsibilities or simply having unrealistic expectations for themselves. Set realistic, achievable goals and don’t be too hard on yourself if you fail once in a while.

Maintain healthy habits. Eating well and getting enough rest is crucial for staying healthy and calm. Make sure you account for cooking balanced meals and getting 6-8 hours of rest most nights in your scheduling. Getting regular exercise is also important.

Develop good coping mechanisms. Some stress will be unavoidable, so it’s important to develop healthy ways to deal with it. Popular options include athletic exercise, meditation or simply engaging in breathing exercises. Find something that works for you and incorporate it into your routines.

Think Healthy Live Healthy Thinking positively to any situation can lead to stress less life.

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Students!

Apply Management Knowledge in Your Study.

Tula Raj Basyal Principal, Nepal College of Management

Focus Students aspire for highly successful and satisfying lives which they so profoundly deserve. Acquiring academic and professional success would determine the realization of their aims of life on a sustained basis. It could be observed that excellence in education would result from success in the utilization of knowledge of management discipline for the pursuit of studies. One essential feature of the business educational curriculum has been the priority attached to the management subjects, both on the general management and on the specific areas or operations. As a result, the business students

are especially at an advantageous position for acquiring and utilizing such knowledge for their educational excellence. The application of knowledge, ideas, and insights of management constitutes a prerequisite for obtaining desired outcomes in any field of activity or operation where the resources are limited and their optimal utilization becomes vital for ensuring efficiency and effectiveness. In todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s growingly competitive environment with broader dimensions, deeper interrelationships, and wider implications pervading both the domestic and international fronts, fostering competitive strength and efficiency on a sustained basis becomes the sine qua

non to attaining the progress as envisaged. As a countryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s level of progress in economic development depends on the success achieved in translating the principles and standards of management into the development process of its economy, so would the success of the students depend on the progress in utilizing the concepts, principles, and practices of management for the pursuit of their educational goals. Hence, the students need to manage their available resources and capacities prudently so that they could attain their educational goals in the manner as desired. The present article looks at the ways that the students could think in sailing through their educational journey more skillfully and efficiently,

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47 especially though tapping the managerial ideas, knowledge, and insights that the management theories and practices attempt to impart.

Definition Management is the set of activities (including planning and decision-making, organizing, leading, and controlling) directed at an organizationâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s resources (human, financial, physical, and information), with the aim of achieving organizational goals in an efficient and effective manner (Griffin, Management). To attain the organizational goal, it is imperative that the management functions be discharged competently. According to Koontz and Weihrich (Essentials of Management), management is the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals, working together in groups, efficiently accomplish selected aims. The principles of management guide decision-making and managerial functions (planning, organizing, leading, and controlling) help in making the best use of resources through the application of sound norms and the related processes in the context of an organizational setting with the objective of attaining the organizational objectives most efficiently and effectively. Effectiveness is the achievement of objectives and efficiency is the achievement of ends with the least amount of resources. Productivity implies effectiveness and efficiency in individual and organizational performance. The concepts (defined as the mental images, expressed in words and terms that are exact, relevant, and informative, of anything formed by generalization from particulars), principles (fundamental truths explaining relationships between two or more sets of variables), theories (systematic grouping of interdependent concepts and principles which give a framework to, or tie together, a

significant area of knowledge), and techniques (ways of doing things or methods of accomplishing a given result, like budgeting, cost accounting, network planning and control techniques, for example, PERT (program evaluation and review technicians) or CPM (critical path method), rate of return on investment as a tool for control, various devices of organizational development, etc.) are broadly grouped into the planning, organizing, leading, and controlling functions, Managing as practice is the art while the organized knowledge about management is the science.

Application of the Management Knowledge for the Students Although the management is a group-based process, the management concepts and principles could be used by the students individually to meet their academic goals successfully. Like the organizations, the students need to perform their functions and responsibilities well, by applying, to the extent possible, the concepts, principles, and sound practices of management. Students are the best persons to know their own weaknesses and gaps which could be overcome by applying the management knowledge. The students should meet their career planning goal with the least amount of time, money, materials, and personal dissatisfaction. A conducive environment should be created so that the envisaged goal could be achieved through the implementation of the desired process of the mobilization and utilization of the resources. Application of the management knowledge is thus essential for the students to accomplish their study goals with the minimum of resources or to accomplish as much as possible their goals with the available resources. For the purpose of study and

students, management could be defined as the application of art and science of managing ones mind tactfully. The physical, mental, financial, time, and informational resources of the students need to be used most appropriately. For this, students need to apply the functions and principles of management on the basis of a conducive framework of sound norms and processes so that the studentsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; study tasks and goals are accomplished efficiently and effectively. The students should plan, organize, lead, and control themselves toward the fulfillment of their academic and career objectives which they have set for themselves. They should evaluate and monitor their activities and progress and feed themselves back the information on a regular basis for improving their functions. Among the principles of management, the specialization of labor as the first principle denotes the continuous improvement in skills and the development of improvements in methods. Improvements in the methods and skills of studies would contribute immensely toward meeting the academic goals of the students. Application of other principles like the discipline, unity of direction, subordination of interests other than the work, centralization, order, initiative, Esprit de corps, etc., would help the students in their efficient and effective pursuit of knowledge. While the principles of management work as the foundations for sound organizational and managerial framework, the effectiveness of the process or functions or elements of management (planning, organizing, leading and controlling) determines the overall success of management. So, to address the business problems and concerns along with ensuring organizational effectiveness on an efficient and sustained basis, there is the need for improving the process of planning, organizing,

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leading, and controlling the functions and resources of the organization. These four tasks of the management process are goal-directed, interrelated, and interdependent. The management process works with resources like people, jobs or positions, technology, facilities and equipment, materials and supplies, information, and money. As the management process works in a dynamic environment, it must anticipate and adapt to challenges and opportunities in the environment. The applications of these concepts, elements or functions of management for the students are described as follows.

Planning Planning involves devising a systematic process for attaining the goals of an entity. It prepares the entity for the future. The

planning comprises the operating guidelines, objective setting, action planning, and problem solving. The goal presents guidance and a unified direction for the entity including the student. The goal facilitates planning and inspires motivation and commitment. The goal provides an effective mechanism for evaluation and control. Maximizing the grade point average (GPA) in each semester constitutes the underlying goal of the student. This goal being most transparent and objectively measurable, the studentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s decision-making and the planning process should focus on confidently and conveniently attaining this goal in time. Decision-making skills refer to the studentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s ability to recognize and effectively define problems and opportunities and then select appropriate course of action for solving problems and

capitalizing on opportunities in the context of meeting the specified goal. The student should first review and analyze the problems, strengths, and opportunities in each subject of study and develop plans and strategies to mitigate the unfavorable conditions and reinforce the conducive ones. Since the student will have to appear in the examination and manage the study semester-wise, the plan will mostly be a shortrange one, with a span of one year or less. Students should develop proper time management skills so that they are able to prioritize the work, work efficiently, and sequence the work appropriately. The student should develop a comprehensive plan including formulating and implementing effective strategies for approaching academic challenges and opportunities as a means for accomplishing academic goal.

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Organizing Organizing involves arranging the necessary resources to carry out the plan. It is the process of creating structure, establishing relationships, and allocating resources to accomplish the goals of the entity. Its elements are determining the power and authority, delegating, communicating, unifying, and harmonizing. It involves developing a structure to ensure the accomplishment of objectives. Organizing at the level of job involves how best to design individual jobs so as to utilize the human resources most effectively. Job design is basically based on principles of division of labor and specialization, which assume that the narrower the job content, the more proficient the individual performing the job could become. Although the organizing process (basic elements of organizing, managing organization design, managing organization change and innovation, and managing human resource in organization) involves group activities like deciding how best to group organizational activities and resources rather than confining to activities of one individual, the student needs to organize in a best possible way the required activities and resources available to him/her. In other words, the student needs to better organize ones physical, mental, financial, informational, technological, and time resources so as to ensure their optimal utilization for the attainment of the academic goal of the student. If these resources are not properly organized and there exist possibilities of their sub-optimal use, the academic goal of the student would hardly materialize. So, the student should organize and dedicate the resources most productively toward the accomplishment of the academic goal, Unorganized, uncoordinated or unsystematic use of resources would result in waste or inefficiency through

raised cost and reduced benefits for the student. Incurring the physical, financial, and time resources but not applying the mental faculties in a desired way would result in unsatisfactory grades, thereby diminishing the academic and career prospects of the student. Such a situation should, therefore, be avoided by better organizing, and ensuring the effective use of, all the resources toward successful academic outcomes for the student.

Leading Leading involves the guiding, team-building, agreeing, selecting, training, directing, motivating, and overseeing. Leading is concerned with the personal supervision of subordinates and involved in inspiring them to put forth unified effort to achieve objectives. Personality research and studies of job attitudes provide important information as to how managers can most effectively lead subordinates. Studies of motivation and motivation theory provide important information about the ways in which human endeavors could be energized to put forth productive effort. The traits approach to leadership assumes that some basic trait or set of traits (like intelligence, good communication skills, assertiveness, self-confidence, honesty, integrity, etc.) exist which differentiate leaders from nonleaders. For many years, the standards of personal traits and work characteristics comprised attributes like ability to get along with people, analytical competence, industry, judgment, initiative, job knowledge, ability to carry through on assignments, production or cost results, success in seeing that plans and instructions are carried out, evaluation of and feedback on progress regarding operations, organization, personnel, finance, etc., evaluation of and feedback

on quality, quantity, time required to complete work, etc. The traits shared by most creative people are openness, an attraction to complexity, high levels of energy, independence and autonomy, high self-confidence, and a strong belief in ones creativity. Despite the leadership essentially being a group feature, the student as an individual should lead oneself to the attainment of the academic goal by demonstrating the relevant leadership traits and behavior. Other attributes like being focused on the goal in hand, organized, systematic, careful, thorough, responsible, self-disciplined, etc. are also important for the students. Better handling the study stress, pressure, and tension is no less important. People who are willing to listen to new ideas and change their own ideas, beliefs, and attitudes as a result of new information also tend to have broad interests besides being curios, imaginative, creative, and flexible. People with high levels of openness may be more receptive to change whereas people with low levels of openness are more likely to resist change as they are less receptive to new ideas. Due to their flexibility and acceptance in the organization, people with more openness might be expected to be better performed. The student should see that the standards of personal traits and work characteristics as mentioned are present in them in plenty so that they could traverse the path of success in their academic goal smoothly. The student should lead oneself with the application of better leadership qualities, appropriate personal traits, and evidence of better performance indicators. The leadership qualities of the student should be demonstrated in the performance of the studentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s academic and career plans. So, the student needs to be a highly successful leader of oneself by effectively applying the leadership qualities and process for attaining the study goals.

the view Controlling The control function is the process of ensuring that everything occurs within the parameters of the plan and the related principles. Control function is the regulation of activities in such a way as to facilitate goal attainment. Controlling involves verifying that the actual performance matches the plan or standards. Control is necessary to adapt to external change, limit the accumulation of error, cope with operational complexity, and minimize costs. If performance results do not match the plan or standards, deviations from objectives and plans need to be identified for taking the corrective actions. Controlling would also include the coaching, counseling, disciplining, evaluating, and terminating. Controlling consists of three steps: establishing performance standards, comparing actual performance against standards, and taking corrective action when necessary. The measurement of performance can be done in several ways, depending on the performance standards, including formal performance appraisals. So, focused attention needs to be given to reduce deviation and improve the credibility of the planning process through effective implementation. Operations control focuses on the processes used to transform resources into products or services. Steps in the control process are (a) establishing standards of expected performance, (b) measuring actual performance, (c) comparing performance to the standards, and (d) evaluating the comparison and taking appropriate action. For a student, the examinations serve as the transparent, credible, and effective mechanisms of the control process. The examination results are the official measurements of the studentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s performance and provide most valuable feedback and guidance for improving the performance in the future. The semester system features various

in-semester evaluations before the end-semester examination is conducted. These evaluations that take place on a regular basis provide the student information about the progress in study so that necessary actions could be undertaken to improve the performance. Delayed or halfhearted action on the part of the student would not serve the purpose of the control process. To make the control process effective for improving the performance, the feedback from the ongoing internal evaluations would prove highly beneficial for the students.

Conclusion The crucial task and responsibility of the students is to acquire knowledge and skills and participate in the assessments and examinations that measure their progress in acquiring the knowledge and skills in accordance with the frameworks and procedures established by the related governing institution. The details about the course, list of the resource persons who will be conducting the course, and the information about the text and reference materials are timely disseminated to the students. The students are made aware of their performance standards and evaluation systems. Information about the grading system like the highest GPA score of 4.0 as well as the failing scores is clearly disseminated to the students before the academic session commences. With the contents, standards, and methods of study thus clarified, there exists little vagueness or confusion among the students about the requirements of academic standards and the procedures of the measurements of their progress. Regular monitoring and evaluation of the studentsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; progress and sharing with them their evaluation results on an ongoing basis enable them to make continuous appraisal of themselves and adopt appropriate corrective actions in time so as to attain their potential performance.

Making maximum efforts to improve ones performance through utilizing the concepts and principles of management would be very helpful. How much success a student scales in mobilizing ones physical, financial, mental, time, and informational requirements would thus determine the level of ultimate success. Many students are doing well in their academic journey while few have shown weakness along the route. The laggards should reenergize themselves and do the needful to manage their time, talent, and other resources for leading their academic journey toward the envisaged destination. Effectively mobilizing and utilizing scarce resources at the disposal of the student through the application of the management concepts, principles, tools, and techniques would not only contribute immensely to raising the performance level of the student but also help make the overall academic and career pursuits of the student impressive, and worthwhile. References

--Basyal, Tula Raj (2011), Economy in the Downturn--Indicators and Analytic Framework in a Management Perspective (BYAVASTHAPAN, Nepalese Journal of Management, Management Association of Nepal, February 4, 2011, Year 30, Volume 30 --Claude George (1968)-The History of Management Thought, Fayol, H. (1987)-General and Industrial Management: Henri Fayolâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Classic revised by Irwin Gray. Belmont, California: David S. Lake Publishers, as referenced in the Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia --Griffin, Ricky, W. (2009), Management, 8th edition, Houghton Mifflin and biztantra, New Delhi, India --Koonz, Harold and Heinz Weihrich (1990), Essentials of Management, 5th edition, McGraw-Hill International Edition, Singapore --Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

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" I consider myself to be a press freedom activist" - Bishnu Nisthuri Bishnu Prasad Ghimire, popularly known by his name Bishnu Nisthuri is one of the prominent name in the area of journalism and media in Nepal. As an press freedom activist, Nisthuri has been able to differentiate him from other journalists too. Here is some excerpts of the interview with Nisthuri:

What was the biggest influence in your deciding to become a journalist? I wanted to do some unique work, different than others to have a separate identity and recognition in the society. I do not remember exactly how this thought was injected within me but I do not have any other particular cause behind choosing this career. I had always wanted to know about people, be with them and built public relations and this field became the perfect platform for me to explore different kinds of people. The idea of journalism was as a result of various interaction programs including literary programs, dramatics, poetic events and other collective mix cultural events which attracted me while I was in Illam. As a result I became attached to literature which is always an integral part of journalism. I refer myself to have accidently connected to jounalism with no formal training or education in this field.

What aspect of the job has given you the most satisfaction? Journalism is connected to whole aspect of your life. I call it as a lively field which has able to connect with me properly and makes me more attached towards this field. Journalism has a dual characteristic of positivism and negativism. It can create something as well as destroy it. Although the destructive side is dangerous

and has never been my choice we should look forward to its positive aspect. The main aim of journalism must be to create harmony in the society.

What is one news story you have reported on that stands out to you as particularly memorable? There is no significant incident as such. But, I do not underestimate my work too. I used to go to Pashupatinath every Saturday and enjoy the views from Mrigasthali. One day, while exploring the pashupati through the mrigasthali, I saw a woman coming out of the caves on the wall across the river. She went through the crematorium with a jug on her hand. She went to a teashop and took some tea and some money from the customers there. I followed her out of curiosity. Later on I took some time to talk to her but she was reluctant to reveal her identity. After my request I found that she was Bal Krishna Samâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s brotherâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s second wife and had left her home because of domestic violence against her. She was also connected to the then IGP Achyut Krishna Kharel. As I found the connection of these two famous personalities, I wrote a column about that in The Himalayan Times describing the incident as a story as an anchor news.As a result, the Kharelâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s rescued her from there and thanked me for it. Other small incidents happen but I feel this as a touchy incident from a humanitarian aspect.

the view I find that the local news network more important than the national news network. How do you differentiate the respective roles of media in the betterment of economic and business environment, especially in context of advanced and developing countries? The role of media is same in both developing and developed nations. The main target of the media is to aware people in every way. This can include politically, economically or socially. We find problems in both developed and developing countries. The role of media therefore is same but the focus areas can differ accordingly as per the infrastructures present and the location. The media present in Nepal can focus in the sectors like agriculture, animal husbandry and educate people about them where huge people are directly and indirectly connected. On the other hand, the media working in USA can focus on the IT sector where the rapid development in that field is taking place. Working in either developed or developing nation, the accountability of the media is equal in every aspect.

Are there any real differences between a national network/newscast versus a smaller market newscast/station? Yes, there are differences between the national network and local network. The circulation and information coverage area differs in the national and the local news network. I find that the local news network more important than the national news network. The issues covered by the local networks are preferential to certain areas, hence we can obtain more information about a particular area. Local medias, being accessible to each individual of the coverage area, have a huge duty of public awareness unlike that of national medias. Availability of low quality fertilizer in Jhapa might not be a primary focus of the national media but it significantly affects to the peasants of Jhapa.

How do you handle various pressures? There are various kinds of pressures that journalists need to deal with working in this field. Journalists in Nepal have been practicing self censorship these days. Self censorship is the most dangerous aspect which is widely practiced. The business and political affiliation with various parties might prevent someone from writing the truth about that party. Similarly, pressures from the wrongdoers bring threat to our life as well. I feel that the area of journalism itself is a challenge. The journalists are fighters without arms and weapons. The risk associated with it makes us different as compared to other fields. The challenges and pressures can be handled once one gets fully connected to this field.

52 What publications do you read? What news source do you watch? Why? I do not watch or read particular show or magazine respectively. Based on the issue I prefer to select the content and use the media. Being a journalist, I become updated with almost every incidents timely and it has been easy as the online news features every news as soon as it occurs. The online news portrays the news within midnight which would have been the task of the other day before. The FM stations too read newspaper early in the morning. So, I do not have the choice that I read this particular thing.

What is your philosophy of journalism? The journalism needs to be impartial, truth and facts based. It should not be misused as the wrong choice of a single word can bring a big misconception. It should never be biased politically or religiously. It should be able to rise up from various “isms” of the society. Anything that is confined within any ‘ism’ can never be termed as journalism. I am a journalist today and I should never be known with the political affiliation with any party. As a journalist, if I am known with such affiliations, then it is a dual character which can never be a part of true journalism.

How can we take you as a successful journalist? I don’t consider myself as successful journalist but I consider myself as a press freedom activist. I have been the head of Reporter’s Club Nepal and am the vice-president of the Asia Journalist Association. Due to this, as an activist I have been quite successful but as a reporter I need to achieve more. A good journalist has to stand as the best reporter which I have not been able to due to my activism. Therefore I am not a successful journalist and I’m not that unsuccessful too. But I still need to sharpen few aspects of professionalism.

In light of recent world events, do you think media has placed themselves in the positive light with regard to public support? Why or why not? Media is not being able to place themselves in the positive light with regard to public support in recent times. Media is divided based on ethnicity, religion, politics and many other dimensions. It has been gripped in the hands of these divisions. Considering the case of Nepal, federation of Nepalese Journalists is the umbrella association of journalists. But, the journalists have been divided to various journalist associations divided on the basis of political and religious affiliation and sex. Due to this reason, the effectiveness and efficiency of the media is being carried down

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53 What classroom experiences do you feel have best prepared you for a career/writing/editing/ research?

What is the biggest compliment you have received as a journalist?

I attended an advanced course of parliament reporting in Indian Institute of Mass Communication (IMC), Delhi. The knowledge which I got from this institution has helped me grow as a journalist in many ways. This theoretical knowledge has helped me improve my career graph. The teaching, lessons has also enhanced my capability to judge situations and help me provider better outcome in my professional life too. I feel, that each individual’s professional growth is always backed up by the knowledge the person gains in their educational institutions.

Rather than compliment, I feel as a journalist I have been able to put myself in such a position in the society that people know me Moreover; the society has recognized me as Bishnu Nisthuri and trusted me as a journalist. I don’t think any other compliment can be bigger than this. I guess achievements in life are also part of compliment that you receive. I have been blessed with the prestigious international Manhae Award. The Manhae Practice Prize which I received in 2007 was very prestigious to me and also to the Federation of Nepalese Journalists. Along with this, I have also received the First Asia Journalist prize in 2006.

Who is your favorite journalist and why?

Any advice you’d have for aspiring journalists?

Kishor Nepal is my favorite journalist. He is “Guru” to me and I have shared many aspects of my career with him. He experimented with various aspects of journalism which has been his splendid contribution towards Nepalese journalism sector. I also recognize Binod Mehta from India as my favorite. In addition to this, there are many other journalists that inspire me and even guide me for better performance in my work life.

The only advice which I want to give to those who aspire to become journalists and work in the area of journalism is simply work in mainstream being unbiased; facts based and fulfill the huge responsibility as of a responsible journalist.

The teaching, lessons has also enhanced my capability to judge situations and help me provider better outcome in my professional life

Students View:

Reception: PCO

CCTV: Big Boss

Computer Lab: All sites block

College: Fun with pillars Photocopy: Lethargic music store Classroom: CCTV Center

Canteen: Flavorless Hall: Oven

Washroom: No water and stinky

the view Children's Day

“NCM MARATHON 2013”: Dare to say no against women violence

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Talent Show Competition and Dance Bash

LOL

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Sports: 3 on 3 basketball tournament organized by 2012 batch students

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Football in NCM

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