Habitat For Fishermen's Village, at Worli -Koliwada, Mumbai by Taha Padrawala

HABITAT FOR FISHERMEN'S VILLAGE,AT WORLI -KOLIWADA, MUMBAI

NAME: TAHA H. PADRAWALA ID NO: 07-BCTG-19 YEAR-V , SEMESTER -X

ACKNOWLEDGMENT Foremost,

I Would Like To Express My Sincere Gratitude To Prof. P.S.Rajan For The Continuous Guidance. I Would Like To Thank Niketa Mam ,Pragnesh Sir ,Pradyuman Sir And Parmar Sir For Their Encouragement, Insightful Comments, Ideas Through Out The Thesis And Being Bit Strict To Me Which Helped Me To Complete My Thesis On Time.

A Big Thank You To Pethe Sir, Kandarp Sir, Yashwant Mistry Sir, Bijoy Sir, Sunita Mam , Pallavi Mahida Mam ,Vignya Mam, Mitali Mam And Kavita Mam For Their Patience, Motivation, Enthusiasm, And Immense Knowledge In Every Term Which Will Help Throughout My Life. Also For Their Innovative Idea For Design And For Changing My Way Of Thinking And Thanks To All The Other Faculties For Giving Their Knowledge Through Out The Course Which Was Helpful In Thesis. I Would Like To Thank My Parents, Tasneem, Fatema ,Hussain & All Family Members To Support Me In Every Turn Of My Life. Special Thanks To Jayesh Bhai, Mayur Bhai And Their Team For Being There 24x7. I Would Thank My Friends Parth Chitte, Kruti P. Desai, Kruti G. Desai, Harsh Bhogani, Harsh Lakhani, Ashish Tank, Abbas, Kintan, Praveen, Keyur, Pushpak, faizan, Kausheen, Nidhi, Parth Rathod, Sneha Kakde, Tejal, Amrita, Vishwa, And Chirayu. For Their Moral Support In Bad Phases Of Thesis. Special Thanks To Shahista, Abdeali ,Siraj, Mohammad, Hozefa And Arefa, As Without Them Thesis Could Not Have Completed . THESIS! A Goal, Waited And Fought Till The End.

CERTIFICATE The Present Design Thesis Is Hereby Approved As A Creditable Work On The Approved Subject, Carried Out And Presented In A Manner Sufficiently Satisfactory To Warrant Its Acceptance As A Pre-requisite To The Degree For Which It Has Been Submitted . It Is To Be Understood That By This Approval That The Undersigned Does Not Necessarily Endorse Or Approve Any Statement Made, Opinion Expressed Or Conclusion Drawn Therein, But Approved The Study Only For The Purpose For Which It Is Submitted And Satisfy Herself As To The Requirements Laid Down By The Gujarat University.

College Of Architecture, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Institute Of Technology, Vasad , Gujarat, India.

Thesis Topic: Habitat For Fishermen's Village, at Worli -Koliwada, Mumbai

Name: Taha H. Padrawala Id No: 07-BCTG-19 Year-V , Semester -X

Seal – Signature Prof. Pragnesh Shah (Thesis Guide) College Of Architecture S.V.I.T. , Vasad, Gujarat

Seal – Signature Prof. P.S. Rajan (Director) College Of Architecture S.V.I.T. , Vasad, Gujarat

Seal – Signature Prof. Hemant Parmar (H.O.D.) College Of Architecture S.V.I.T. , Vasad, Gujarat

THESIS TOPIC: - HABITAT FOR FISHERMEN’S VILLAGE, AT WORLI -KOLIWADA, MUMBAI TYPE OF PROJECT GOVERNMENT HOUSING SCHEME LOCATION WORLI KOLIWADA, MUMBAI BACKGROUND -THE VILLAGE AT WORLI KOLIWADA IS A LARGE SETTLEMENT MADE UP OF A SERIES OF SETTLEMENT CLUSTERS, PREDOMINANTLY COMPRISING OF KOLI PEOPLE WHO’S MAIN OCCUPATION IS FISHING. -KOLIWADA LITERALLY MEANS THE HABITAT OF THE KOLIS. THE KOLIS ARE A FISHING COMMUNITY THAT LIVED IN THE SEVEN ISLANDS OFF THE ARABIAN SEA THAT SUBSEQUENTLY MERGED TO FORM THE CITY OF MUMBAI. THERE ARE SEVERAL KOLIWADAS SCATTERED ALL OVER THE CITY. -WORLI KOLIWADA OCCUPIES A TRIANGULAR PIECE OF LAND SURROUNDED WITH WATER ON 3 SIDES GIVING IT THE ADVANTAGE FOR ITS PRIME FISHING OCCUPATION. -THE CENTRAL MARKET STREET WHICH IS THE MAIN SPINE WEAVES THE COMPLETE VILLAGE TOGETHER. IN A WAY IT IS THE DIVIDING LINES BETWEEN THE PLUSH UP MARKET WORLI RESIDENTIAL AREA AND THE OLD FISHERMEN’S VILLAGE. -THE STREET IS LINED WITH NEW LOW SCALE HOUSES, SOME OLD WOODEN STRUCTURES WITH SLOPING ROOF CARRYING A STRONG INFLUENCE OF THE COLONIAL ERA, A LAKE, SOME SMALL EATERIES AND DAILY CHORES SHOPS ETC. -EXISTENCE OF THE ROAD SIDE CHURCH, TEMPLE WITH TYPICAL COLUMNS FOR LIGHT, SPEAK WELL OF THE MIXED KOLI CULTURE. TEMPLE ON THE NEARBY HILL WHERE THE MAJOR FESTIVITIES ARE STILL CARRIED OUT REMAINS UNSHAKEN BY THE EXTERNAL WORLD. THE CLIMB UP THE STAIRS OF THE WORLI FORT BUILT BY THE BRITISH FOR THE PURPOSE OF KEEPING AN EYE ON THE PIRATES REVEALS THE AERIAL VIEW OF THE VILLAGE. -WORLI KOLIWADA SEEMS TO BE FROZEN IN TIME.

Introducing

-THE NAU PATIL JAMAT & GAVKARI ESTATE COMMITTEE IS THE ORIGINAL OWNER OF THE WORLI KOLIWADA SINCE 1912. THE KOLI COMMUNITY UNDER THIS COMMITTEE REMAINS UNITED TILL DATE. -THE INDIVIDUALS OF THE WORLI KOLIWADA COMMUNITY ARE FISHERMEN BY CORE, MUMBAIKARS BY SPIRIT, PROFESSIONALS AND GLOBAL URBANE IN ATTITUDE. -LIKE ANY OTHER GLOBAL INDIVIDUAL, THE URGE TO PRESERVE THE PAST IS STRONG BUT IS FILLED WITH SHADES OF EXTERNAL 5 INFLUENCES. EACH ONE WANTS TO REMAIN CLOSE TO ORIGINAL BUT AT THE SAME TIME NOT LAG BEHIND IN THE GLOBALISATION RACE. THE EXTERNAL SKIN OF AN INDIVIDUAL IS GLOBAL, BUT IN ESSENCE THE INDIVIDUAL AND COMMUNITY REMAIN CLOSE TO HIS CORE. -THE MIXED CULTURAL INFLUENCES ON THE PHYSICAL BUILT FORM AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES OF WORLI

Introducing

Methodology:This Is A Proposal For The Rehabilitation And Development Of A Minor Fishing Harbour To Serve The Existing Fishing Communities In The Mahim Bay. The â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Kolisâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Are The Traditional Fishing Folk Of The Konkan Coast And The Original Inhabitants Of Mumbai.

The Existing Villages Have Degenerated Into Ghettos And Slums, Isolated From The Mainstream Of The City. The Purpose Of This Design Is To Rehabilitate The Community With New Industry And Housing To Integrate The Kolis With The Rest Of The City By Including Cultural And Recreational Facilities That Invite The Citizens At Large. The Proposal Consists Of Designed Spaces, Which Plan To Exhibit And Promote Their Authentic Style Of Cooking, Cultural And Religious Trait. The Proposal Intends To Address The Housing, Commercial And Tourist Aspect And Aspires To Achieve The World Class Facilities For Living And Working. To Do This, We Have To Maintain The Low Scale Fishermen Village Along With Fishing Activity Areas Catering To The Local Housing And Working Needs, Build New Residential And Commercial Buildings As A Sale Component And Provide A Fish Treading Facility, Water Sports Activity Centres, Hotels, Etc Catering To The Tourist Sector.

Draft Coastal Regulation Zone amendment 2010: special case of Mumbai: Redevelopment of slums, old buildings, and gaothans with public finance to avoid exploitation by private builders would be allowed. Increased FSI would automatically accrue. Under protecting fishermen interests; the basic fishing infrastructure facilities for their fishing activities shall be provided in the No Development Zone.

Introducing

City: Mumbai- G-S WARD INTRODUCTION LOCATION OF WARD:THE WARD OFFICE IS LOCATED AT N.M.JOSHI MARG AT DHAN MILL NAKA. ITS BOUNDARY EXTENDS FROM HAJI ALI TO KIRTI COLLEGE ON WESTERN SIDE, SAAT RASTA TO KAKASAHEB B. GADGIL, SENAPATI BAPAT MARG JUNCTION ON THE CENTRAL SIDE. AREA AND DIVISIONS OF WARD:THE WARD COVERS AN AREA OF 10 SQUARE KILOMETRES. THE WARD HAS INDUSTRIAL ESTATES AT (A) N.M.KPSJO MARG, (B)DAINIK SHIVNER MARG,.(C ) SENAPATI BAPAT MARG, (D) SITARAM JADHAV MARG AND (E) APPASAHEB MARATHE MARG. THE APPROXIMATE POPULATION OF THE WARD IS 5,75,094 WITH AN ADDITIONAL DAY-TIME FLOATING POPULATION OF 57,509. THE WARD IS UNDER THE JURISDICTION OF THREE POLICE ZONES AND TWO TRAFFIC DIVISION. POLICE ZONES : I) HAJI ALI TO LOTUS (Z-II) II) LOTUS TO PASSPORT OFFICE (Z-III) III) PASSPORT OFFICE TO SIDHIVINAYAK (Z-IV) TRAFFIC DIVISION : ‘C’ FROM LOTUS TO HAJI ALI ‘E’ FROM KIRTI COLLEGE TO LOTUS, WORLI NAKA TO RACE COURSE, SANE GURUJI MARG TO KAMGAR STADIUM THERE IS A FIRE BRIGADE STATION AT BENGAL CHEMICAL NEAR CENTURY BAZAR. THERE ARE CENTRAL AND WESTERN RAILWAY STATIONS AT CURREY ROAD, CHINCHPOKALI AND ELPHINSTONE AND LOWER PAREL AND BEST BUS DEPOTS AT SASMIRA MARG DEPOT AND ST BUS DEPOTS AT SAYANI ROAD. THE WARD COMES UNDER WORLI AND PRABHADEVI TELEPHONE EXCHANGES. THE WARD HAS OPEN WELLS AT SHIVAJI NAGAR, WORLI KOLIWADA LOCATIONS. THERE ARE WORLI KOLIWADA AND GAOFEDEVI VASAHAT SETTLEMENTS NOT CONNECTED BY SEWER LINES.

City: Mumbai- G-S WARD

DEMOGRAPHIC FEATURES ACCORDING TO THE 1991 CENSUS, THE DEMOGRAPHIC FEATURES OBSERVED IN GREATER MUMBAI ARE AS FOLLOWS: TOTAL NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS:2,051,000 TOTAL POPULATION: 9,926,000 TOTAL MALE POPULATION: 5,460,000 TOTAL FEMALE POPULATION: 4,466,000 SEX RATIO: 818 URBAN POPULATION: 9,926,000

GENERAL INFORMATION ON MUMBAI: LOCATION: LOCATED IN THE STATE OF MAHARASHTRA. POPULATION: MUMBAI HAS A POPULATION OF ABOUT 18 MILLION. CULTURE: COSMOPOLITAN. CLIMATE: TWO MAIN SEASONS IN MUMBAI THAT IS DRY SEASON FROM NOV TO FEB AND HUMID SEASON FROM MAR TO OCT. RAINFALL: FROM 50 CMS TO 200CMS. AIRPORT: MUMBAI'S CHHATRAPATI SHIVAJI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT. ENTERTAINMENT: MUMBAI IS HOME TO BOLLYWOOD. CINEMAS, THEATRES, BEACHES, CLUBS AND PARKS PROVIDE ENTERTAINMENT IN MUMBAI. TRANSPORT: AIR TRAVEL, RAILWAYS, BUSES, TAXIS AND AUTORICKSHAWS.

MAHIM, THE NORTH MOST ISLAND, WHICH WAS DEVELOPED BY RAJA BHIM SINGH. HE HAD IT DEVELOPED AS A PORT AND TRADING STATION. DEEP SEA FISHERMEN TRIBES KOLI WERE THE ORIGINAL INHABITANTS OF MUMBAI , AND WITH THEM AGARI THE SALT MAKERS, INHABITED THE SALSETTE ISLANDS. FROM VERY EARLY AGE HINDU, BUDHHIST AND CHRISTIANS CULTURES WERE FLOURISHING TOGETHER HERE. (MANY OF KOLIS WERE CHRISTIANS FROM VERY EARLY TIMES.

THE CLIMATE OF MUMBAI IS A TROPICAL WET AND DRY CLIMATE. MUMBAI'S CLIMATE CAN BE BEST DESCRIBED AS MODERATE TEMPERATURES WITH HIGH LEVEL OF HUMIDITY. ITS COASTAL NATURE AND TROPICAL LOCATION ENSURES MODERATE TEMPERATURES THROUGHOUT THE YEAR, AVERAGE OF 27.2 °C AND AVERAGE PRECIPITATION OF 242.2 CM (95.35 INCHES). THE TEMPERATURES IN AVERAGE ABOUT 30 °C IN SUMMER AND 18 °C IN WINTER. MUMBAI'S EXPERIENCES 4 DISTINCT SEASONS WINTER: (DECEMBER–FEB); SUMMER: (MARCH–MAY); MONSOON (JUNE–SEP) AND POST MONSOON (OCT–DEC).

DESIGN TIPS FOR THE WARM HUMID CLIMATE -ELEVATED TIMBER FLOORS ARE GOOD IN SUMMER BUT WILL INCREASE WINTER HEAT LOSS; -SLAB ON GROUND CONSTRUCTION IS USEFUL FOR WINTER HEAT STORAGE PROVIDED WINDOWS CATCH THE WINTER SUN; -WALLS SHOULD BE MADE OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS; -BULK INSULATION IN THE ROOF SHOULD BE USED ONLY IF THE ROOF IS WELL-VENTILATED -SINCE THIS CLIMATE IS MORE COMFORTABLE THAN THE HOT HUMID CLIMATE, DEVIATIONS FROM THE STRATEGIES FOR THE HOT HUMID ZONE WILL NOT INCUR SUCH A SERIOUS PENALTY IN COMFORT. IT MAY NOT BE WORTHWHILE TO USE DESIGN FEATURES WHICH ADD CONSIDERABLY TO THE COST OF CONSTRUCTION, EG, ELEVATED FLOORS

Site Climate

BECAUSE THE CLIMATE IS WARM ALL YEAR, BUILDING HEAT GAIN SHOULD BE MINIMIZED BY: ORIENTING THE LONG AXIS OF THE HOUSE EAST-WEST (IF YOU CANNOT ORIENT FOR CROSS-VENTILATION, SEE OUR DARWIN CASE STUDY). THE LONG NORTH- AND SOUTHFACING WALLS CAN EASILY BE SHADED BY THE EAVES; KEEPING WINDOWS ON EAST AND WEST WALLS TO A MINIMUM; SHADING THE WALLS AND WINDOWS - USE SHUTTERS, VERANDAHS, CANOPIES AND/OR EAVES AND FIXED OVERHANGS; USING PALE COLORS FOR WALLS AND ROOF, TO REFLECT THE HEAT OF THE SUN; REFLECTIVE FOIL INSULATION IS GOOD, BECAUSE IT REFLECTS INCOMING SUNSHINE, BUT BULK INSULATION IS NOT DESIRABLE, BECAUSE IT PREVENTS THE HOUSE COOLING DOWN AT NIGHT; VENTILATION OF THE ROOF SPACE, TO REDUCE HEAT BUILD-UP THERE: THE INCREASED HEAT LOSS IN THE COOLER SEASON IS NOT IMPORTANT; METAL ROOFS WHICH COOL RAPIDLY AT NIGHT. DAYTIME HEAT GAIN CAN BE MINIMIZED BY USING SHEETING WITH A REFLECTIVE COATING ON ITS UNDERSIDE.

Site Climate

Housing Topologies In Mumbai

Area Calculation for need of a 2500 houses with appropriate amenity

TOTAL PLOT AREA = 145076.71 SQ.M = 35.84 ACRE = 0.14 SQ.KM = 14.46 HECTARES =1561592.71 SQ.FEET TYPES OF PROTO TYPE UNITS FOR NON FISHERMENâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S FAMILY: 750 UNITS (30 % OF TOTAL BUILT UP AREA = 188598.8 SQ.M = 46.60 ACRE = 18.85 HEC TOTAL NEED ) GROUND COVERAGE = 72538 SQ.M = 7.25 HEC. = 50 % TYPE A G+1 WITH ONE MULTIPURPOSE ROOM + ROAD NETWORK AREA = 30% = 43522 SQ.M = 4.35 HEC. KITCHEN PLATFORM +W.C.+ BATH + OTLA AREA = AROUND 45 SQ.M OPEN SPACE AND PARKING = 20 % = 29015 SQ.M = 2.9 HEC. NO OF UNITS =250 DENSITY = 58.08 PER SQ.M / 172 PER HEC. TYPE B +RETAINING OF OLD WORLI FORT GROUND FLOOR WITH ONE MULTIPURPOSE ROOM + KITCHEN PLATFORM +W.C +RESEARCH CENTER +VERANDAH +FISHERMEN RESCUE CENTER AREA = 25 SQ.M +FISH MARKET NO OF UNITS =250

+FISH BREEDING CENTER +FISH DRYING YARD +VISITOR'S INFORMATION CENTER +ALGAE WATER LANDSCAPE +RECREATIONAL AREAS +DOCKING AREAS

Area Calculation for need of a 2500 houses with appropriate amenity

TYPES OF PROTO TYPE UNITS FOR FISHERMENâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S FAMILY: 1750 UNITS (70 % OF TOTAL NEED ) TYPE A G+1 WITH ONE MULTIPURPOSE ROOM + KITCHEN PLATFORM +W.C.+ BATH + OTLA AREA = AROUND 80 SQ.M NO OF UNITS =350 TYPE B GROUND FLOOR WITH TWO ROOMS + KITCHEN PLATFORM +W.C +BATH+VERANDAH AREA = 60 SQ.M NO OF UNITS =350 TYPE C GROUND FLOOR WITH ONE MULTIPURPOSE ROOM +SMALL SHOP + KITCHEN PLATFORM +W.C +VERANDAH AREA = 45 SQ.M NO OF UNITS =350 TYPE D G +1 WITH SMALL SHOP +KITCHEN +W.C +VERANDAH AREA = 32 SQ.M NO OF UNITS =350 TYPE E GROUND FLOOR WITH ONE MULTIPURPOSE ROOM + KITCHEN PLATFORM +W.C +VERANDAH AREA = 25 SQ.M NO OF UNITS =350

Area Calculation for need of a 2500 houses with appropriate amenity OTHER AMENITIES: SCHOOL PLAYGROUND(2049.6 SQ.M) +LIBRARY1924.9SQ.M +COMMUNITY HALL(1128.17SQ.M) +TEMPLE +[DISPENSARY -ADMINISTRATIVEOFFICE(468.78)] +ELECTRIC SUB STATION (700SQ.M) +COMMERCIAL SHOPS (1536.51 SQ.M) GENERAL BUILDING REQUIREMENTS : (1) THE MINIMUM HEIGHT OF THE PLINTH SHALL BE 30 CMS. FROM THE TOP SURFACE OF APPROACH ROAD OR PATH WAY. (2) THE MAXIMUM FLOOR SPACE INDEX PERMISSIBLE SHALL BE 1.3. (3) (A) THE SIZE OF LIVING ROOM, BED ROOM SHALL NOT BE LESS THAN 8 SQ.MTS. WITH MINIMUM WIDTH OF 2.4 MTS. (B) (I) SIZE OF INDEPENDENT BATH-ROOM AND W.C SHALL BE 0.9 SQ.MTS. WITH MINIMUM WIDTH OF 0.9 MTS. EACH. (II) SIZE OF COMBINED BATH ROOM AND W.C. SHALL BE 1.8 SQ.MTS. WITH MINIMUM WIDTH OF 1 MTS. (4) (I) THE MINIMUM HEIGHT OF ROOM SHALL BE AS UNDER:LIVING ROOM : 2.4 MTS. KITCHEN ROOM : 2.4 MTS. BATH /W.C : 2.1 MTS. CORRIDOR : 2.1 MTS. (II) IN CASE OF THE SLOPPING ROOF THE AVERAGE HEIGHT OF THE ROOF SHALL BE 2.1 MTS. AND THE MINIMUM HEIGHT OF THE EAVES SHALL BE 2.4 MTS. (III) THE MINIMUM SLOPES OF THE SLOPPING ROOF ,SHALL BE 300 FOR G.I SHEETS, ASBESTOS SHEETS OR TILED ROOF WHILE FOR R.C.C SLOPPING ROOF, THE MINIMUM SLOP SHALL BE 120. (5) THE OPENING THROUGH WINDOWS, VENTILATORS AND OTHER OPENING FOR LIGHT AND VENTILATION SHALL BE AS UNDER : (I) ONE TENTH OF THE ROOM FLOOR AREA. (II) FOR W.C AND BATH NOT LESS THAN 0.2 SQ.MTS. THE WIDTH OF STAIR CASE SHALL BE 0.75 MTS. MINIMUM. THE MAXIMUM HEIGHT OF THE RISER SHALL BE 20. CMS. THE MINIMUM WIDTH OF THE TREAD SHALL BE 22.5 CMS. THE MINIMUM CLEAR HEAD ROOF OF THE STAIR CASE SHALL BE 2.10 MTS. (III) THERE SHALL BE ONE STAIRCASE FOR EVERY 12 (TWELVE) DWELLING UNITS OR PART THEREOF

Case Study- Fishermenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Village Poonthura Trivandrum(1974-75) Dealing With Cyclones: -Low Sloped Roofs And Courts Serve As Wind Catchers -Open Walls Function To Dispel It -Long Row Of Housing Replaced By Even Staggering -Fronting Courts Catch The Breeze And Also Get View Of Sea Open Spaces: -Little Private Rectangle Of Land In Between Houses For Drying Nets , Kids Play,

-Provides Sleeping Lofts Within And Adequate Space Outside For Mending Nets And Cleaning And Drying Fish

Case Study- Fishermenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Village Poonthura Trivandrum(1974-75)

PLAN

Challenges: -Severity Of Environment In Which The Tribal's Live. -Limitation Of Resources -Conventional Architects Stayed Away From These Projects -Dealing With Large Insular Groups, With -Set Ideas And Traditions. -Dealing With Cyclones -Houses Of 25sqm

Design Strategies: Construction -Exposed Brickwork And Structure -Sloped Concrete Roof -Openness In Design And Individual -Units Offset Each Other -Continuous Latticework -In The Exposed Walls

Case Study- Ar. Prasanaa Desai-slum Redevelopment In Pune

Snapshot Of Koliwada

N Design Development

Transforming Site into pixels

Green Space + Row Houses +(G+1) Houses + Amenities

N Design Development

Design Development

Model Photos

References: Systems Of Survival: A Dialogue On The Moral Foundations Of Commerce And Politics Jane Jacobs The Nature Of Economics: Jane Jacobs Cities In A World Economy – Saskia Sassen Splintering Urbanism Networked Infrastructures, Technological Mobilities And The Urban Condition - Steve Graham; Simon Marvin Identity And Violence: The Illusion Of Destiny – Amartya Sen Becoming Indian: The Unfinished Revolution Of Culture And Identity – Pawan K. Varma Social Transformations In The Global City: Singapore – Scott Baum Contemporary Vernacular – Evoking Traditions In Asia – Willian S.W. Lim, Tan Hock Beng Proposals Received Under Government Of Maharashtras’s Advertisement For Calling Expression Of Interest Under Cluster Development Scheme At Mumbai Transformation Support Unit Rebirth Of Worli Koliwada: The Nau Patil Jamat & Gavkari Estate Committee Websites Wikipedia Sustainable Development- Iisd Healthyplace - Schizophrenia Psychiatryonline – John Nash

BIBLIOGRAPHY:Thank you so much..!!!