UNIT 10 PART 2: CINEMA 1st ESO Visual Arts Teacher Simone
TRANSITION: PHOTOGRAPHY TO THE MOVING IMAGE… • Photography allowed people for the first time to be able to record life as we see it. Before, people only had paintings and drawings! • After the invention of photography, people became very interested in how to record life as we see it, but IN MOTION! • This led to the invention of THE MOVING IMAGE! (also known as MOVIES, CINEMA, FILM…)
EADWARD MUYBRIDGE • Muybridge was a KEY PERSON in the invention of cinema. • He is an English photographer who was interested in the photography of motion.
• In 1878, he took this famous series of photographs to prove how a horse runs.
MUYBRIDGE’S PHOTOGRAPHS
WHEN SEEN TOGETHER… • He discovered, that if we see the photographs strung together in rapid succession, our brain connects the images together and interprets that they are moving.
• This discovery resulted in the birth of the moving image! • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IEqccPhsqgA
• There were many inventions made to créate the effect of the moving image, like the ZOETROPE. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5_8fX-N3Ji4
PART 2: CINEMA • Cinema is a process of capturing a rapid succession of fixed images, which requires special film and cameras.
• Creating a film is called SHOOTING. • Watch a short history of cinema:
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7CDyj MouQyc
ELEMENTS OF CINEMA • A film can be divided into different parts • 1) The FRAME: is one static image the comprises a film. It is the equivalent of a photograph.
ELEMENTS OF CINEMA • 2) The SHOT: is a series of uninterrupted frames captured by a camera
• 3) The SCENE: is a series of shots put together to convey a message or idea.
RESOURCES FOR EXPRESSION • Cinema offers us a world of fantasy, action, illusion! • There are many types of cinema, such as Western, Comedy, Romance, Adventure, Horror…
• Through different resources, directors and technicians can can provoke different feelings and emotions in their viewers, like happiness, suspense, calm, intrigue… • The 3 principal resources used are: • 1) TYPES OF SHOTS • 2) CAMERA ANGLES • 3) CAMERA MOVEMENT
TYPES OF SHOTS • There are many types of shot a director can use in order to capture different things and express certain feelings. They are divided into 3 categories: • 1) LONG SHOT
• 2) MID SHOT • 3) CLOSE-UP
1) LONG SHOTS • Are used to describe the space and present the scene. • The subjects in the shot are completely represented.
2) MID SHOTS • Are used principally for narrative purposes. They allow us to see the subjects more closely and see their expressions. There are two types: • 1) American shot: The subject is cut at the knees.
• 2) Mid-shot: The subject is cut at the waist.
3) CLOSE-UPS • Are used to express the emotions or show us detail of the subject. There are two types: • 1) Close-up: shows us the subject
• 2) Extreme close-up: shows us an important detail of the subject
CAMERA ANGLES • Are the different “points of view” that the director chooses to film his subject through the camera. • The different camera angles express different feelings and sensations.
• There are three camera angles:
CAMERA ANGLES • 1) Eyel level: The camera is positioned at the height of the eyes of the subjetc. It gives the film a feeling of normality.
CAMERA ANGLES • 2) High angle (or bird’s eye view): The camera is situated above the subject. It is a descriptive and expressive camera angle that allows the director to give the subject a confused or defenseless quality.
CAMERA ANGLES
• 3) Low angle (or worm’s eye view): The camera is situated below the subject. It gives a sense of superiority or grandeur to the subject, making it seem bigger than the things around it.
IDENTIFY THE SHOTS • Watch the video of Lord Of The Rings and see what shots you can identify. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QNQehw1GFm4
LET’S GET TO WORK! • Draw an example of the 6 types of shots: • 1) LONG SHOT • 2) MID SHOT • 3) CLOSE-UP • 4) EYE LEVEL • 5) HIGH LEVEL • 6) LOW LEVEL
RESOURCES FOR EXPRESSION 2 • Along with camera angles, CAMERA MOVEMENTS are another way a director can express through their film. • A camera can be hand-held, on a track or even on a crane!
CAMERA MOVEMENTS • 1) Panoramic shot: the camera moves horizontally in order to capture the scene. • It is used so that the viewer understands where the action takes place and how the character is positioned in the scene. • For example: • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LsxUkXFFQwU
CAMERA MOVEMENTS • 2) Tracking shot: the camera slides, or in driven on a vehicle. • It is used so that the viewer can follow the action. • For example: • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lvwSi7ta0P4
CAMERA MOVEMENTS • 3) Zoom: is a movement closer or father from the subject. It is simulated by the camera lens. • It is used so that the viewer focuses on a specific object in the scene.
• For example: • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MbeXzJDYxS0 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7s5KFbyBmrQ
STEPS OF THE CREATIVE PROCESS… • For a film to be interesting, it´s important to: • Set the stage • Have a conflict (to make the story interesting.) • Finalize with a resolution
STEPS OF THE CREATIVE PROCESS… • Step 1: group brainstorming • Step 2: character design • Step 3: To know how a movie will look, a director will create something called a STORYBOARD. • A storyboard is similar to a comic, because it represents the action in a film through vignettes.
STORYBOARD • A storyboard includes rough sketches of the action and short explanations of what is happening.