Unit 9 photo and moving images

UNIT 9: PHOTOGRAPHY AND THE MOVING IMAGE 3rd ESO Visual Arts Teacher Simone

FILM PHOTOGRAPHY • Photography is an artistic process that captures images the enter a camera through a lens.

• The image is printed on a light-sensitive material called FILM. (*Light-sensitive materials change when exposed to light)

FILM PHOTOGRAPHY • The photographic camera is similar to the human eye. Light hits an object and reflects into the eye or the camera.

• Watch the video: • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ws0Gam6 m6bQ

FILM NEGATIVES • The photographs are revealed through a chemical process called DEVELOPING. • The images are first NEGATIVES. • Negatives are opposite, in color, from the final image.

FILM NEGATIVES • They are then printed, through another chemical process, to reveal the positive image.

TECHNICAL ASPECTS • The FRAME is the fragment of reality that the photographer wants to capture in his photograph.

FRAMING

FRAMING • When we take a picture, it’s important to decide what composition to use… whether it should be horizontal or vertical, near or far, centered or offcentered.

POINT OF VIEW • It’s also important to consider the POINT OF VIEW, and how it will effect the final photograph.

• Consider these three points of view of the Eiffel tower…

HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAPHY

• Watch the video:

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XaGUL8B-BrE

TRANSITION: PHOTOGRAPHY TO THE MOVING IMAGE… • Photography allowed people for the first time to be able to record life as we see it. Before, people only had paintings and drawings!

• After the invention of photography, people became very interested in how to record life as we experience it, IN MOTION! • This led to the invention of THE MOVING IMAGE, or MOVIES!

EADWARD MUYBRIDGE • Muybridge was a KEY PERSON in the invention of cinema.

• He an English photographer who was interested in the photography of motion.

• In 1878, he took this famous series of photographs to prove how a horse runs.

MUYBRIDGE’S PHOTOGRAPHS

MUYBRIDGE’S PHOTOGRAPHS

PHOTOGRAPHS

MUYBRIDGE’S PHOTOGRAPHS

PHOTOGRAPHS

WHEN SEEN TOGETHER… • He discovered, that if we see the photographs strung together in rapid succession, our brain connects the images together and interprets that they are moving. But it is just a SIMULATED movement.

• This discovery resulted in the birth of the moving image!

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IEqccPhsqgA • Other inventions also simulated moving images, like the ZOETROPE: • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5_8fX-N3Ji4

MAKING A FLIPBOOK! • A Flipbook is just like Muybridge’s photographs strung together.

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FH97U erMW6I

• http://www.benettonplay.com/toys/flipbo okdeluxe/guest.php

CINEMATIC LANGUAGE • A director visually expresses feelings and ideas through cinema.

• Besides the dialogue and the expressions of the actors, there are many resources a director can use, like SHOTS, CAMERA MOVEMENTS, music, lighting…

TYPES OF SHOTS • There are many types of shot a director can use in order to capture different things and express certain feelings. They are divided into 3 categories:

• 1) LONG SHOT • 2) FULL SHOT • 3) MID SHOT

• 4) CLOSE-UP SHOT • 5) DETAIL SHOT

1) LONG SHOTS

• Are used to describe the space and present the scene.

• The subjects in the shot are completely represented.

2) FULL SHOTS • Show the full body of the subject.

• They are used to show the actions of a person.

• The scene and the subject have the same importance.

3) MID SHOTS • Are used principally for narrative purposes. They allow us to see the subjects more closely and see their expressions. There are two types: • 1) Mid-shot: The subject is cut at the waist.

• 2) American shot: The subject is cut at the knees.

4) CLOSE-UP SHOTS • Are used to express the emotions or show us detail of the subject. There are two types: • 1) Close-up: shows us the subject

• 2) Extreme close-up: shows us an important detail of the face of the subject

5) DETAIL SHOTS • Are used to show a detail of an object or person.

• They direct the attention of the viewer to a specific thing.

CAMERA ANGLES • Are the different “points of view” that the director chooses to film his subject through the camera.

• The different camera angles express different feelings and sensations.

• There are three camera angles:

CAMERA ANGLES • 1) Eye level: The camera is positioned at the height of the eyes of the subject. It gives the film a feeling of normality.

CAMERA ANGLES • 2) High angle (or bird’s eye view): The camera is situated above the subject.

It is a descriptive and expressive camera angle that allows the director to give the subject a confused or defenseless quality.

CAMERA ANGLES

• 3) Low angle (or worm’s eye view): The camera is situated below the subject.

It gives a sense of superiority or grandeur to the subject, making it seem bigger than the things around it.

IDENTIFY THE SHOTS • Watch the video of Lord Of The Rings and see what shots you can identify.

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QNQehw1GFm4

RESOURCES FOR EXPRESSION 2 • Along with camera angles, CAMERA MOVEMENTS are another way a director can express through their film.

• A camera can be hand-held, on a track or even on a crane!

CAMERA MOVEMENTS • 1) Panoramic shot: the camera moves horizontally in order to capture the scene.

• It is used so that the viewer understands where the action takes place and how the character is positioned in the scene.

• For example:

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LsxUkXFFQwU

CAMERA MOVEMENTS • 2) Tracking shot: the camera slides, or in driven on a vehicle.

• It is used so that the viewer can follow the action.

• For example: • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lvwSi7ta0P4

CAMERA MOVEMENTS • 3) Zoom: is a movement closer or father from the subject. It is simulated by the camera lens.

• It is used so that the viewer focuses on a specific object in the scene.

• For example: • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MbeXzJDYxS0

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7s5KFbyBmrQ

THE PROJECT • Make a short film in groups.

• The idea… Students are in the school, doing various activities and then….

There is an EARTHQUAKE! • Each team must represent the earthquake in their scene in a short film of 1 minute.

OBSERVE THE SHOTS • Check out this example… https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=07l6HgPDJn0

SHORT FILM PROJECT • You must represent your scene in a 1 minute short film. You must include the following resources…

• Long shot • Full shot • Mid shot • American shot • Close-up shot • Detail shot • Panoramic shot

• Tracking shot • Zoom • What shot would be good to capture and describe each part?