Radio Drama Script : Dr.Sarot Bousri sec.4

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º·ÅФÃÇÔ·ÂØ Radio Drama Script


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∫∑≈–§√«‘∑¬ÿ ‡√◊ËÕß μÕπ∑’Ë Ù §«“¡¬“« ∫∑≈–§√«‘∑¬ÿ

(μ”π“π¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬»√’π§√‘π∑√«‘‚√≤ ¿“§ Ò) "». ¥√. “‚√™ ∫—«»√’ ª√“™≠èº∑åŸ √ß»’≈ ºŸ‡å ªÁπ§√Ÿ¢Õߧ√Ÿ·≈–‡ªÁπ§√Ÿ∑·Ë’ ∑å®√‘ß" ‚≈°°«È“ß Û π“∑’ ‚¥¬ "‚æ∏‘≠“"

ª√–‡¥ÁπÀ≈—°¢Õß≈–§√ - π”¡“®“° : - "Àπ—ß ◊Õ∑’√Ë –≈÷°ª√– “π¡‘μ√∫—≥±‘μ √ÿπã ı æ.».Úı Ò" "°“√»÷°…“ §◊Õ °“√∑”„Àå§π¡’§«“¡‡®√‘≠ ßÕ°ß“¡Õ¬ã“߉¡ã¡∑’ Ë’ πÈ‘ ÿ¥¥å«¬°“√»÷°…“ μåÕ߉¡ã¡ ’ ßË‘ „¥¡“°’¥°—πÈ °“√»÷°…“¢Õß¡πÿ…¬è„Àå™–ß—°ß—π §π‡√“μåÕ߉¡ã¡§’ «“¡ ‡À≈◊ÕË ¡≈È”¥å“π°“√»÷°…“" - ·π«§‘¥ ».¥√. “‚√™ ∫—«»√’ ´÷ßË ≈–§√®–¥”‡π‘π‰ªμ“¡·π«§‘¥π’È : ‡ªÁπ§”¢«—≠·≈–ª√—™≠“∑’Ë ».¥√. “‚√™ „À剫å ≈ßμ’æ¡‘ æè„πÀπ—ß ◊Õ∑’√Ë –≈÷°«“√–ª√–°“»‡°’¬√쑧≥ ÿ ¡»« ˆ ª’ »√’ ßã“¡À“π§√ "®ÿ¥‡ª≈’¬Ë π ¡»«" Ú¯ ‡¡…“¬π ÚııÚ ¡À“«‘ ∑ ¬“≈— ¬ »√’ π §√‘ π ∑√«‘ ‚ √≤ : Àπå “ ÚÛ "°“√¬÷ ¥ ¡— Ë π „πÀ≈— ° °“√∑’ Ë ¥ ’ · ≈–„πÀ≈— ° ∏√√¡– ‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªÁπ·π«∑“ß„π°“√«“ßμ—« ·≈–‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªÁπ‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ„π°“√μ—¥ ‘π„® „π‡¡◊ËÕ¡’ª—≠À“‡°‘¥¢÷Èππ—Èπ ¬ãÕ¡‡ªÁπ ‘Ëß®”‡ªÁπ ”À√—∫™’«μ‘ ¡πÿ…¬è" "¥—ßπ—πÈ ®÷߇ÀÁπ‰¥åÕ¬ã“ßßã“¬Ê «ã“ æ«°‡√“∑ÿ°§π´÷ßË ”‡√Á®°“√»÷°…“‰ª®“°«‘∑¬“≈—¬«‘™“°“√»÷°…“ ®–μåÕß ¬÷¥¡—Ëπ„πª√—™≠“°“√»÷°…“, À≈—°«‘∏’°“√ Õπ∑’Ë —¡æ—π∏è°—∫ª√—™≠“°“√»÷°…“¥—ß°≈ã“«, À≈—°«‘∏’°“√·Àãߪ—≠≠“, À≈—° ¡πÿ…¬ —¡æ—π∏è ∑’‡Ë √’¬°™◊ÕË «ã“ ª√–™“∏‘ª‰μ¬ ·≈–À≈—°∏√√¡–„π„®¢Õ߇√“" "‡√“®–μåÕ߬÷¥¡—Ëπ„πÀ≈—°°“√¥—ß°≈ã“«‚¥¬¡—Ëπ§ß·≈–‰¡ã·°«ã߉°« °“√‡ªÁπ∫ÿ§§≈∑’ˉ¡ã¡’À≈—°°“√„π„®π—Èπ ¡‘„™ã« ‘ ¬— ·Àãß∫—≥±‘μ" ºŸ·å ¥ß μÕπ Ù “‚√™ / 𓬰œ / ºŸ∫å √√¬“¬ / ¢ÿπª√–∑ÿ¡œ / ‡ª≈ãß / ¬“¬ / ¡≥±“∑‘æ¬è / ‡®å“‡¡◊Õß¿Ÿ‡°Áμ / «—π¥’ / «— ¥‘Ï ‡æ◊ÕË π “‚√™ ∑’‚Ë √߇√’¬πΩ÷°À—¥§√Ÿª√–∂¡ / ¥‘‡√° ‡æ◊ÕË π “‚√™ À¡“¬‡Àμÿ : ¢åÕ¡Ÿ≈ ”À√—∫„™å„π°“√∑”∫∑≈–§√«‘∑¬ÿ μÕπ∑’Ë Û : ¡’¥ß— π’È Ò. (‡ªÁπ¢åÕ¡Ÿ≈√«¡-„™å°∫— ∑ÿ°μÕπ) §«“¡‡™◊ÕË ¡—πË ·≈–»√—∑∏“¢Õßπ‘ μ‘ π—°»÷°…“ ¡»« √ÿπã À≈—ßÊ „π™◊ÕË ‡ ’¬ß ‡°’¬√μ‘¿Ÿ¡‘Õ—π¥’ß“¡¢Õß∫√√æ∫ÿ√ÿ…ºŸå°ãÕμ—Èß ¡»« μ—Èß·μã ¡—¬¬—߇ªÁπ‚√߇√’¬πΩ÷°À—¥§√Ÿ™—Èπ Ÿß-«‘∑¬“≈—¬«‘™“°“√»÷°…“ : „™å¢Õå ¡Ÿ≈®“°Àπ—ß ◊Õ∑’√Ë –≈÷°ß“π " —ß √√§è «». √ÿπã ÿ¥∑哬 §√—ßÈ ∑’Ë ı" : Àπå“ ÒÚ : ‡√◊ÕË ß "§«“¡À≈—ß ı "√—°∫’ÕÈ ¥ÿ ¡»÷°…“" Ú. ·π«§‘¥‡∫◊ÕÈ ßμåπ‡√◊ÕË ß°“√»÷°…“§◊Õ§«“¡‡®√‘≠ßÕ°ß“¡, ‘ßË ¥’ß“¡∑’‡Ë ¬“«™π®–‰¥å√∫— ®“°°“√»÷°…“ Õ—π®– ∑”„À凪Áπ§π‡μÁ¡§π : „™å¢Õå ¡Ÿ≈®“°∫∑§«“¡‡√◊ÕË ß "°“√»÷°…“" : Àπ—ß ◊Õ∑’√Ë –≈÷°«“√–ª√–°“»‡°’¬√쑧≥ ÿ ¡»« ˆ ª’ »√’ ßã“¡À“π§√ "®ÿ¥‡ª≈’¬Ë π ¡»«" Ú¯ ‡¡…“¬π ÚııÚ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬»√’π§√‘π∑√«‘‚√≤ : Àπå“ ÒıÙ : ‡¢’¬π‚¥¬ ».¥√. “‚√™ ∫—«»√’ Û. °“√‰ª‡√’¬π‚√߇√’¬πΩ÷°À—¥§√Ÿª√–∂¡æ√–π§√, °“√»÷°…“«‘™“™’æ§√Ÿ‡∫◊ÕÈ ßμåπ, °“√‡√’¬π‡√◊ÕË ßæÿ∑∏»“ π“ ‡∫◊ÕÈ ßμåπ : „™å¢Õå ¡Ÿ≈®“°∫∑ —¡¿“…≥è ».¥√. “‚√™ : μ’æ¡‘ æè„πÀπ—ß ◊Õ "».¥√. “‚√™ ∫—«»√’ ª√“™≠èº∑åŸ √ß»’≈" : Àπå“ ÒÚ


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- ÒÛ : ‡√◊ÕË ß§√Ÿ¢“¥·§≈π : ·≈–„™å¢Õå ¡Ÿ≈®“°·À≈ã߇¥’¬«°—∫¢åÕ Ú(Àπ—ß ◊Õ∑’√Ë –≈÷° ª√–°“»‡°’¬√쑧≥ ÿ ¡»« ˆ ª’ »√’ ßã“¡À“π§√) : Àπå“ ÒÛÛ (‚¥¬ º».»’≈“ ®“¬π’¬‚¬∏‘π) : ·≈–Àπå“ Òı˜ (‚¥¬ ».¥√. “‚√™ ∫—«»√’) Ù. ≈”¥—∫™’«‘μ·≈–ß“π¢Õß ».¥√. “‚√™ : „™å¢åÕ¡Ÿ≈®“°Àπ—ß ◊Õ "√”≈÷°§ÿ≥Ÿª°“√ ».¥√. “‚√™ ∫—«»√’ Òˆ °—𬓬π ÚııÛ" : Àπå“ ı-ˆ ı. °“√»÷°…“μãÕ∑’®Ë Ãÿ “œ ¢Õß ¥√. “‚√™ : „™å¢Õå ¡Ÿ≈®“°·À≈ã߇¥’¬«°—∫ ¢åÕ Û : Àπå“ ÒÚ,ÒÛ,Ú : ·≈–¢åÕ¡Ÿ≈®“°·À≈ã߇¥’¬«°—∫ ¢åÕ Ú : Àπå“ ÒÙ : ‚¥¬ º».®—π∑π“ æ√À¡‡»√≥’ ˆ. (·®åß·À≈ãߢåÕ¡Ÿ≈¬åÕπÀ≈—ß-‡æ‘¡Ë ‡μ‘¡) : π». ‡¥‘π¢∫«π Ú˘ °.¬. ÚıÒı : ¢åÕ¡Ÿ≈®“°·À≈ã߇¥’¬«°—∫ ¢åÕ Ú : Àπå“ ÒÙ˘ : ‚¥¬ ».¥√.ª√–‡ √‘∞ «‘∑¬“√—∞ ˜. °“√»÷°…“∑”„À凬“«™π “¡“√∂¥”√ß™’«‘μÕ¬Ÿã‰¥å „π∑ã“¡°≈“ß°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπμ≈Õ¥‡«≈“ ‡¡◊ÕË ‡μ‘∫‚μ¢÷πÈ : ¢åÕ¡Ÿ≈®“°·À≈ã߇¥’¬«°—∫¢åÕ Ú (Àπ—ß ◊Õ∑’√Ë –≈÷° "ª√–°“»‡°’¬√쑧≥ ÿ ¡»« ˆ ª’ »√’ ßã“¡À“π§√") : Àπå“ ıÚ (°“√¥”√ß™’æ), Àπå“ Ò (°“√‡ª≈’¬Ë π·ª≈ß) ¯. °“√ª‘¥°—πÈ °“√‡√’¬π√Ÿ®å –∑”„Àå§π‰¡ã “¡“√∂Õ¬Ÿ„ã π —ߧ¡‰¥å : „™å¢Õå ¡Ÿ≈®“°·À≈ã߇¥’¬«°—∫ ¢åÕ Ú À√◊Õ ˜ : Àπå“ ÒıÙ : ‡¢’¬π‚¥¬ ».¥√. “‚√™ ∫—«»√’ ˘. √∂‰øÀ≈«ß≈ß„μå : „ ™å¢Õå ¡Ÿ≈®“°Õ‘π‡μÕ√è‡πÁμ ‡¡◊Õ߉∑¬„πÕ¥’μ ÚÙ˜ Ò .À≈—ßÕ“¬ÿ ÒÛ ª’ ¥√. “‚√™ °Á‡¥‘π∑“߉¡ãÀ¬ÿ¥ : ¢åÕ¡Ÿ≈®“°∫∑ —¡¿“…≥è ».¥√. “‚√™ ∫—«»√’ ≈ßμ’æ¡‘ æè„πÀπ—ß ◊Õ "».¥√. “‚√™ ∫—«»√’ ª√“™≠èº∑åŸ √ß»’≈" : Àπå“ Û ÒÒ.¥√. “‚√™ ¡’‡æ◊ÕË π Ú §π μÕπ‡√’¬π ª.ª. : ¢åÕ¡Ÿ≈®“°°“√ —¡¿“…≥èÀ≈“π ¥√. “‚√™ (§ÿ≥‡¡∏’ ∫—«»√’) : —¡¿“…≥è ‚¥¬ º».∏’√∫ÿ≠ƒ∑∏‘Ï §«√À“‡«™ ÒÚ. ”π«π‰∑¬-§”æ—߇æ¬- ÿ¿“…‘μ : ¢åÕ¡Ÿ≈®“°Õ‘π‡μÕ√è‡πÁμ ÒÛ.‡√◊ÕË ß°“√‡∑’¬Ë «‡μ√ã„π«—¬Àπÿ¡ã ¢Õß ¥√. “‚√™ : ¢åÕ¡Ÿ≈®“°Àπ—ß ◊Õ ».¥√. “‚√™ ∫—«»√’ ª√“™≠èº∑åŸ √ß»’≈" : Àπå“ ÒÒ (‡Àμÿ°“√≥臰‘¥∑’ªË π’ ß— ·μ㇪≈’¬Ë π¡“„™å∑°Ë’ √ÿ߇∑æœ ¡—¬‡√’¬π ª.ª.) ÒÙ.‚√ßÀπ—߇©≈‘¡°√ÿß ª’ ÚÙ˜ˆ : ¢åÕ¡Ÿ≈®“°Õ‘π‡μÕ√è‡πÁμ Òı.§√Õ∫§√—«¢ÿπª√–∑ÿ¡‰¡ã„™ã§π„°≈å«¥— : "».¥√. “‚√™ ∫—«»√’ª√“™≠èº∑åŸ √ß»’≈" : Àπå“ ÒÛ Òˆ.π‘ ¬— ¥√. “‚√™ ∑’«Ë “ã ‰¡ã«“ã ∑”Õ–‰√∑ÿ°Õ¬ã“ßμåÕß ”‡√Á®·≈– ¡∫Ÿ√≥è·∫∫ ‰¡ã¡¢’ Õå ß —¬μ‘¥§å“ß„π„® : ¢åÕ¡Ÿ≈®“°ß“π‡¢’¬π¢Õß º».®—π∑π“ æ√À¡‡»√≥’ ™◊ÕË "‡°√Á¥ª√–«—μ¡‘ À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬»√’π§√‘π∑√ «‘‚√≤" : Àπå“ Úı ¥πμ√’π”‡√◊ËÕß §”∫√√¬“¬ª√–®”‡√◊ËÕß °«ã“¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬»√’π§√‘π∑√«‘‚√≤ ∑’¡Ë Õ’ “¬ÿ§√∫ ˆÛ ª’ „πª’ Úııı ®–æ—≤𓇪Áπ ∂“∫—π°“√»÷°…“ √–¥—∫·∂«Àπå“ ºŸ°å Õã μ—ßÈ μåÕßμãÕ ŸÕå ¬ã“ßÀπ—° ·≈–Àπ÷ßË „πºŸ∑å øË’ π— ΩË“‡æ◊ÕË æ—≤π“«‘™“™’æ§√Ÿ·≈–√–∫∫°“√»÷°…“¢Õߪ√–‡∑» §◊Õ »“ μ√“®“√¬è ¥√. “‚√™ ∫—«»√’ √“™∫—≥±‘μ ¥—ß∑ã“π®–‰¥å√∫— ø—߇√◊ÕË ß√“«°“√μãÕ Ÿ¢å Õß ¥√. “‚√™ ‰¥å ≥ ∫—¥π’"È ¥πμ√’ ∫√√¬“¬ §«“¡‡¥‘¡μÕπ∑’·Ë ≈å« - À≈—߇√’¬π®∫™—πÈ ª’∑Ë’ ˜ ®“°ª’πß— “‚√™μåÕß°“√‡ªÁπ§√Ÿ ¢ÿπª√–∑ÿ¡œ ®÷ß ãß “‚√™ ‰ª‡√’¬π∑’‚Ë √߇√’¬πΩ÷°À—¥§√Ÿª√–∂¡æ√–π§√ ¢≥–∑’πË “߇ª≈ãߺŸ‡å ªÁπ¡“√¥“‰¡ãμÕå ß°“√„Àå “‚√™ ‰ªÕ¬Ÿ‰ã °≈ÀŸ‰°≈μ“Õ’° ¥πμ√’


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1. ¢ÿπª√–∑ÿ¡ π’·Ë ¡ã‡ª≈ãߥ’„®∑’≈Ë °Ÿ ®–‰¥å‰ª‡√’¬πμãÕ¡’§«“¡√Ÿ‡å æ‘¡Ë æŸπÀŸμ“°«å“߉°≈ ¡°—∫§π‡ªÁπ§√Ÿ ®π∂÷ß°—∫‡ªÁπ≈¡‡ªÁπ·≈åß ‡™’¬«√÷πË’ ‡ª≈ãß ©—π®–‡ªÁπ≈¡ ‰¡ã‰¥å‡ªÁπ·√åß ©—π‡æ‘ßË Õ“∫πÈ”æ’¢Ë πÿ ¡“«ã“©—π‡À¡Á𠓪‰¥å‰ß Œ◊Õ ¥πμ√’ 2. ¢ÿπª√–∑ÿ¡ ‡Õå“ æ“≈‰ª‚πãπ μãÕÀπå“∑ã“π‡®å“‡¡◊Õ߬—߇À«’¬Ë ß„ ã©π— Õ’° ‡ª≈ãß ‰¡ã„Àå‡À«’¬Ë ߉¥å‰ß ‡√“μ°≈ß°—π«ã“°≈—∫®“°ª’πß— æ’¢Ë πÿ ®–‰¡ã„ÀåæÕã “‚√™‰ª‰ÀπÕ’° ¢ÿπª√–∑ÿ¡ ·≈å«©—πº‘¥¢åÕμ°≈ß√÷ ®–‡ªÁπ§√ŸÕ¬Ÿ¿ã ‡Ÿ °Áμ©—π°Á‰¡ã¢«“ß ∑—ßÈ ∑’©Ë π— Õ¬“°„Àå≈°Ÿ Õ∫™‘ß∑ÿπ‰ª‡√’¬πÕ—ß°ƒ… ·μ㇡◊ÕË °“√‡ªÁπ§√Ÿ∑πË’ ‡Ë’ °‘¥¡’‡ß◊ÕË π‰¢«ã“μåÕß®∫«‘™“§√Ÿ ª.ª. ‡ ’¬°ãÕπ À“‰¡ã°ÕÁ ¥‡ªÁπ ·≈å«·¡ã‡ª≈ãß®–„Àå©π— ∑”‰ß ‡®å“‡¡◊Õß μ–°’¢È πÿ ª√–∑ÿ¡æŸ¥«ã“‡æ◊ÕË “‚√™®–‰¥å¡À’ μŸ “°«å“߉°≈ ©—πø—ß·≈嫇¢å“‡§å“π–·¡ã‡ª≈ãß ∑”‰¡·¡ã‡ª≈ãß∂÷߉¡ãÕ¬“° „Àå≈Ÿ°™“¬‡ªÁπÕ¬ã“ßπ—Èπ≈ã– ¥πμ√’(«Ÿ∫) ‡ª≈ãß §◊Õ«ã“Ö ‡®å“‡¡◊Õß ·¡ã‡ª≈ã߇Փ·μãÀ«ã ß≈Ÿ°®πÀŸÕÕÈ◊ ®–∫Õ°„Àå ¬‘ßË °“√»÷°…“πåÕ¬ ‡¥Á°¬‘ßË Õ—πμ√“¬ ¢ÿπª√–∑ÿ¡·®°·®ß„À巡㇪≈ãßø—ß μ“¡∑’‡Ë √“ª√–™ÿ¡°—π‡√◊ÕË ß§«“¡ ”§—≠¢Õß°“√»÷°…“´‘ ¢ÿπª√–∑ÿ¡ ¢Õ√—∫∑ã“π‡®å“‡¡◊Õß ·μã¢Õ‰ª·®°·®ß∑’‡Ë √◊Õπ¢Õ√—∫ æÕ·¡ã‡ª≈ã߇¢å“„® °√–º¡¢Õ°≈—∫¡“æ∫∑ã“π‡®å“‡¡◊Õß ‡æ◊ÕË À“√◊Õ‡√◊ÕË ß∑ÿπ‰ª‡√’¬π ª.ª.¢Õß “‚√™μãÕ¢Õ√—∫ ‡®å“‡¡◊Õß ‰¥å √’∫ÀπãÕ¬≈ã– ¡≥±≈¿Ÿ‡°ÁμμåÕß°“√§π‡°ãßÕ¬ã“ß “‚√™¡“‡ªÁπ§√ŸÕ¬ã“ߥã«π √’∫¡“μ°≈ß°—π ©—π®–‰¥å ßã ‡¢“‰ª ∫“ß°Õ°‡≈¬ ¥πμ√’ 3. ¬“¬ ¢ÿπª√–∑ÿ¡ ¬“¬ ‡ª≈ãß

‡Õå“ æãÕ‡®√‘≠ ©ÿ¥·¡ã‡ª≈ã߇¥‘πμ—«ª≈‘« ®–‰ª‰Àπ°—π√÷ ‰ª‚√߇°Á∫¢ÕßÀ≈—߇√◊Õπ®å–·¡ã ∑”‰¡μåÕß√’∫‡√ãß°—πª“π©–π’È ¡’Õ–‰√√÷‡ª≈ã“·¡ã‡ª≈ãß ‰¡ã√‡åŸ À¡◊Õπ°—π®å–·¡ã ‡Õå“æ’¢Ë πÿ À¬ÿ¥≈“°©—π´–∑’ ª√–μŸ‚√߇°Á∫¢Õß®–∑‘¡Ë Àπå“©—πÕ¬Ÿ·ã ≈嫇ÀÁπ¡—¬È ·≈å«∫Õ°´–∑’«“ã ©ÿ¥©—π¡“∑”‰¡ ¢ÿπª√–∑ÿ¡ μ‘ßÎ μã“ß©—π‡Õ“¢Õß„π‚√߇°Á∫ÕÕ°À¡¥ ‡À≈◊Õ·μãÀÕå ߇ª≈ã“Ê À“Õ–‰√ª‘¥™ãÕß‚À«ã®π¡ÕßÕÕ°‰ª‰¡ã‰¥å ·≈å«©—π ‡Õ“·¡ã‡ª≈ãߢ—߉«å‰¡ã„À凮Մ§√À哪’ «—πÊ ‡ÀÁπ·μãºπ—ßÀåÕß ‰¡ã√¢åŸ “å ßπÕ°‡ªÁπ¬—ß‰ß ·≈å«©—π„À巡㇪≈ãßÕÕ°¡“ ·¡ã‡ª≈ãß«ã“®–‡°‘¥Õ–‰√¢÷πÈ ‡ª≈ãß æ’¢Ë πÿ °Á¬Õã ߉ª¡’‡¡’¬πåÕ¬πã–´’ ¢ÿπª√–∑ÿ¡ ª—¥È ‚∏ã Õ¬ã“查‡≈ãπ´‘ ¬‘ßË √’∫Ê Õ¬Ÿã ∑ã“π‡®å“‡¡◊Õß√ÕÕ¬Ÿã ©—πÀ¡“¬∂÷߇¡◊ÕË ÕÕ°¡“·≈å« ·¡ã‡ª≈ãß®–查§ÿ¬ π∑π“°—∫™“«∫å“π‡¢“√Ÿ‡å √◊ÕË ß¡—¬È ‡ª≈ãß ‚Õå¬ ∂Ÿ°¢—߉¡ã‡ÀÁπ· ߇¥◊Õπ· ßμ–«—π¢π“¥π—πÈ ©—π®–‡Õ“Õ–‰√‰ª§ÿ¬°—∫™“«∫å“π ‡¢“‰¥å≈–ã æ’¢Ë πÿ ¢ÿπª√–∑ÿ¡ ·≈å«∂å“©—π„À巡㇪≈ã߉ª¢÷πÈ √∂‰øÀ≈«ß∑’‡Ë æ‘ßË √å“߇ √Á® ·¢ãß°—∫§πÕ◊πË ∑’‡Ë ¢“¢÷πÈ ≈ß∫ãÕ¬Ê ·¡ã‡ª≈ãß®–¢÷πÈ √∂‰ø Ÿ§å πÕ◊πË ‰¥å¡¬È—


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‡ª≈ãß ¢ÿπª√–∑ÿ¡ ‡ª≈ãß ¢ÿπª√–∑ÿ¡ ‡ª≈ãß ¢ÿπª√–∑ÿ¡ ‡ª≈ãß ¢ÿπª√–∑ÿ¡ ¬“¬ ¥πμ√’

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æÿ∑∏»—°√“™ ÚÙ˜ˆ ».¥√. “‚√™ ∫—«»√’ ‰ª»÷°…“«‘™“§√Ÿ ª.ª. ∑’‚Ë √߇√’¬πΩ÷°À—¥§√Ÿª√–∂¡ æ√–π§√ √–¬–·√° ∑ã“π‰¡ã§¥‘ ®–‰¥åÕ–‰√¡“°¡“¬π– ÿπ¬— π—¥¥“ ‡æ√“–§≈哬°“√‡√’¬π ¡.˜ ¡.¯ ‡æ’¬ß·μã¡«’ ≤ ÿ ‘ ª.ª. √Õß√—∫ ∑«ã“¥å«¬§«“¡∑’∑Ë “ã π‡ªÁπ§π‡ª‘¥√—∫·μã ßË‘ ¥’Ê ‡¢å“μ—«∑ã“π ®÷ß´÷¡´—∫‡√◊ÕË ß√“«∑’¬Ë ß— ª√–‚¬™πè„Àå·«¥«ß°“√»÷°…“ ¢Õ߉∑¬Õ¬ã“ß¡À“»“≈ ™π‘¥∑’·Ë ¡å·μãμ«— ∑ã“π‡Õß°Á‰¡ã§“¥§‘¥¡“°ãÕπ (‡ ’¬ß Ú §π«‘ßË ‡¢å“¡“ ·≈å«À¬ÿ¥) “‚√™ «— ¥‘Ï ¥‘‡√° æ«°π“¬«‘ßË Àπå“μ—ßÈ ¡“∑”‰¡ «— ¥‘Ï (ÀÕ∫) ‡Œå¬ “‚√™ «—ππ’»È “≈“‡©≈‘¡°√ÿ߇ª‘¥©“¬Àπ—ß√Õ∫ª∞¡∑—»πè‡√◊ÕË ßªŸ‚ã ¡‡ΩÈ“∑√—æ¬è 𓬉ªÕ“∫πÈ” ·μãßμ—«´’ “‚√™ ·μãß∑”‰¡ ®–„À剪‰À𠥑‡√° (ÀÕ∫) ‰ª¥ŸÀπ—ß‰ß «—ππ’©È “¬√Õ∫·√°§π·πãπ‡Õ’¬È ¥ μåÕß√’∫‰ª·μã‡π‘πË Ê ‰¡ãßπÈ— Õ¥¥Ÿ æÕ´◊ÕÈ μ—«Î ‡ √Á®°Á‡μ√㥠Ÿ “«Ê “‚√™ æ«°π“¬‰ª‡ÀÕ– ©—π¡’∫“ß«‘™“∑’μË Õå ß∑”§«“¡‡¢å“„® «— ¥‘Ï «‘™“Õ–‰√ ‡Œå «—ππ’«È π— À¬ÿ¥π– 𓬮–¢¬—πÕ–‰√π—°Àπ“ “‚√™ “‚√™ ‰¡ã‰¥å¢¬—π ·§ã®–¥Ÿ∑®Ë’ ¥¡“´È”„ÀåÀ“¬¢åÕß„® «‘™“∏√√¡»÷°…“μ√’°∫— «‘™“«‘∏ ’ Õπμ“¡¢—πÈ ∑—ßÈ Àå“¢Õß·Œ√è∫“√èμ (Herbart) ¡—π„À¡ã‡Õ’¬Ë ¡©—π‰¡ã‡§¬æ∫‡§¬‡®Õ ¥‘‡√° ‰«å¥ÀŸ π—߇ √Á®§ãÕ¬∑∫∑«π°Á‰¥å ‰ªπã“ ÕߧπÀ—«À“¬ “¡§π‡æ◊ÕË π쓬𖇫å¬


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“‚√™ «— ¥‘Ï “‚√™ ¥‘‡√° “‚√™

æ«°π“¬®–¥ŸÀπ—ß∑”‰¡‡¬Õ–·¬– §√“«∑’·Ë ≈å«μÕπ‡ª‘¥‚√߇©≈‘¡‰∑¬©“¬Àπ—ßΩ√—ßË ‡ªÁπª∞¡ƒ°…è‡√◊ÕË ß¡À“¿—¬ „μå ¡ÿ∑√ ‡¡◊ÕË «—π∑’Ë Ú °√°Æ“§¡ æ«°π“¬°Á≈“°©—π‰ª „®§Õæ«°π“¬®–‰¡ã‡«åπ´—°‡√◊ÕË ß‡≈¬√÷ ‡Õç“Ê ‰ª°Á‰¥å ·μã©π— μåÕ߇Փμ”√“‰ª¥å«¬ «– ·≈å«π“¬®–∑—ßÈ ¥ŸÀπ—ß∑—ßÈ ∑∫∑«πμ”√“‰ªæ√åÕ¡°—π‰¥å‰ß ©—π∑”‰¥å≈–°—𠇙◊ÕË ‡¢“·≈å« ·∫∫π’‰È ¡ã„™ã·§ã¢¬—π‡°‘πÀπ哇æ◊ÕË π ·μã∂Õ◊ «ã“¢¬—πº‘¥¡πÿ…¬è (°åÕß) ‰¡ãº¥‘ ¡πÿ…¬èÀ√Õ°¥‘‡√° «‘™“∏√√¡»÷°…“μ√’∑∑Ë’ “ß‚√߇√’¬π∫—ߧ—∫ Õπ·≈–∑ÿ°§πμåÕß Õ∫„À剥凪Áπ«‘™“ ∑’©Ë π— √Ÿå ·μ㉡㇢哄® ‡æ√“–‡√◊ÕË ß»“ π“©—π·∑∫‰¡ã°√–¥‘°ÀŸ ¥—ßπ—πÈ ∑“ß√Õ¥‡¥’¬«§◊ÕμåÕßμåÕß∑ãÕß®”„À剥å·∫∫ ¬°°√–∫‘ ‰¡ãßπÈ— Õ∫μ° ·μãª≠ — À“§◊Õ ∂÷ß®– Õ∫‰¥å ·μã∂“å „Àå‡Õ“‰ª„™å„π™’«μ‘ ª√–®”«—πÀ√◊Õ𔉪∂㓬∑Õ¥§πÕ◊πË Õ’°μãÕ ©—π¡◊¥ π‘∑ ·≈–¬—߉¡ã√¥åŸ «å ¬«ã“®–·°åª≠ — À“π’¬È ß— ‰ß

¥πμ√’ 7. (‡ ’¬ß Ù §π‡¥‘π¡“ ·≈å«À¬ÿ¥) ‡ª≈ãß ‚Õç– “‚√™‰¡ãÕ¬Ÿã “‚√™‰ª‡∑’¬Ë «„™ã¡¬È— π’‡Ë √“„Àå≈°Ÿ ¡“‡√’¬π·≈å«≈Ÿ°‰ª‡∑’¬Ë « ”¡–‡≈‡∑‡¡“√÷æ¢Ë’ πÿ · ¥ß«ã“≈Ÿ°®– „®·μ° ‡ ’¬§π‡À¡◊Õπ∑’·Ë ¡ã«π— ¥’ª“°ª≈“√å“∑”𓬉«å„™ã√‡÷ ª≈ã“æ’¢Ë πÿ ! ¥πμ√’(«Ÿ∫) ¢ÿπª√–∑ÿ¡ ≈Ÿ°®–„®·μ°‰¡ã„™ã‡æ√“–ª“°¢Õ∫§√°°√–‡¥◊ÕË ßæ—πª’¢Õßπ—ß«—π¥’À√Õ° ‡æ√“–ª“°·¡ã‡ª≈ã߇Õßπ’·Ë À≈– ª“°æãÕ ·¡ãπ–ã ∑√ßÕ‘∑∏‘ƒ∑∏‘°Ï ∫— Õπ“§μ≈Ÿ°¬‘ßË °«ã“Õ–‰√π– ®–‚«¬«“¬¢Õ„À姥‘ Àπ哧‘¥À≈—ß„Àå∂∂Ë’ «å π ¡—π®–°≈“¬‡ªÁπ ·™ãß≈Ÿ°μ—«‡Õß ¬“¬ „™ã ·¡ã‡ª≈ãߧ“¥‡¥“‡æåÕ‡®åÕ æãÕ “‚√™Õ“®‰ª∑ãÕßμ”√“∑’‰Ë Àπ°Á‰¥å ¬ã“ππ’§È π®åÕ°·®å°®Õ·® æãÕ “‚√™Õ“®‰¡ã¡’ ¡“∏‘ „®§Õ·¡ã‡ª≈ãß®–„Àå≈°Ÿ Õ¬Ÿ°ã ∫— ∫å“πμ≈Õ¥»°‡À¡◊Õπ∑’·Ë ¡ã‡ª≈ãßÕ¬Ÿμã ¥‘ °åπ§√—« ‰¡ã‡§¬¬ã“ß°√“¬‰ª‰Àπ ®πÀπå“®–‡À¡◊Õπ°√–∫«¬μ—°πȔլŸ√ã Õ¡¡–√ãÕ·≈å«√÷‰ß ‡ª≈ãß π’·Ë ¡ãÕ¬Ÿ¢ã “å ß„§√·πã ¬“¬ Õ¬Ÿ¢ã “å ß μ‘ „§√‰¡ãøß— Õ’√“å §ã“Õ’√¡ ‡Õ“·μã μ‘·μ°‚¥¬‰¡ãøß— ‡Àμÿº≈ ·¡ã¥“ã ‰¡ã‡≈’¬È ß∑—ßÈ π—πÈ ¡≥±“∑‘æ¬è ‚Õç– π—πË “‚√™¡“·≈å« ÀÕ∫μ”√“‡√’¬π¡“¥å«¬ ‡¢“μåÕ߉ª∑ãÕßÀπ—ß ◊Õ∑’‰Ë Àπ —°·Àãß ®√‘ßÕ¬ã“ß∑’¬Ë “¬«ã“ ¥πμ√’ 8. (‡ ’¬ß Ò §π‡¥‘π‡¢å“¡“) “‚√™ æãÕ ·¡ã ¬“¬ §√Ÿæ¡Ë’ ≥±“ ∑”‰¡‰¡ã ß㠢㓫¡“°ãÕπ Õ¬ŸÊã °Á¡“©—π‡≈¬ª‘¥ª√–μŸ„ ã°≠ ÿ ·®‰«å ©—π‰ª¥ŸÀπ—߇√◊ÕË ßªŸ‚ã ¡ ‡ΩÈ“∑√—æ¬è∑‚Ë’ √ßÀπ—߇©≈‘¡°√ÿß°—∫ «— ¥‘Ï ¥‘‡√° ¡“®å– ‡ª≈ãß Õ瓬 π—πË ‰ß ‡ÀÁπ¡—¬È æ’¢Ë πÿ ≈Ÿ°„®·μ°®√‘ßÊ ¥å«¬ „Àå¡“‡√’¬π·μã°≈—∫‰ª‡∑’¬Ë «¥ŸÀπ—ß‚¢π ≈–§√ ‚Õ¬ Õ°Õ’·ªÈπ ®–·μ° ¢ÿπª√–∑ÿ¡ ·¡ã‡ª≈ãß ‡ª≈’¬Ë π™◊ÕË ‡ªÁπÕ’·ªÈπμ—ßÈ °–‡¡◊ÕË ‰À√ã ‡ª≈ãß Õ’·ªÈπÀ¡“¬∂÷ß©—𠇪Áπ§”Õÿª¡“Õÿª¡—¬ Œ◊Õ ≈Ÿ°ÀπÕ≈Ÿ° ∑”‰¡∑”°—∫·¡ãÕ¬ã“ßπ’È ‰¡ã‡Õ“ ‡≈‘°‡√’¬π °≈—∫¿Ÿ‡°Áμ ª—°…è„μå∫“å π‡√“ ¥πμ√’(«Ÿ∫)


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¢ÿπª√–∑ÿ¡ ‡Õå“ ‡Õå“ ‡≈Õ–‡∑Õ–„À≠ã·≈å«·¡ã‡ª≈ãß ∂“¡®√‘ß ·Õ∫‰ª¥«¥°—≠™“¬“Ω‘πË μ—ßÈ °–μÕπ‰Àπ ∂÷߇æåÕ‡®åÕ´–®π‡≈– ‡ªÁπ¢’‡È ¥Á°À¬—ßË ß’È ‡ª≈ãß æ’¢Ë πÿ ‰¡ãμÕå ß¡“μ—ßÈ ªÈÕ¡‡¢å“¢å“ß “‚√™π– æ’¢Ë πÿ ‡ÀÁπ¥’‡ÀÁπß“¡°—∫≈Ÿ°„™ã¡¬È— ∑’≈Ë °Ÿ ‡∑’¬Ë «‡μ√㉡ã π„®°“√‡√’¬π ¬“¬ Àπ—ß πÿ°¡—¬È æãÕ “‚√™ ‡ª≈ãß Õ瓬 ·¡ã ¬—ß®–‚ÕéÀ≈“πÕ’° “‚√™ πÿ°®å–¬“¬ §π‰ª¥Ÿ‡¬Õ–·¬– ·¬ãß°—πμ’μ«Î— ®πÀåÕßμ—«Î æ—߇≈¬®å– ∑’πË ßË— Ú æ—π∑’πË ßË— ‰¡ã¡‡’ À≈◊Õ‡≈¬ ®π‡§√◊ÕË ßª√—∫ Õ“°“»√–∫∫‰ÕπȔ՗π‡ªÁπ‚√ß¡À√ æ‚√ß·√°„π‡Õ‡´’¬∑’„Ë ™å√–∫∫π’∑È ”ß“π·∑∫‰¡ã‰À«‡≈¬®å– ÕåÕÊ ©—π‰¢°ÿ≠·® ª√–μŸ∫“å π°ãÕπ (‡ ’¬ß‰¢°ÿ≠·®) ∑ÿ°§π‡¢å“¡“‡≈¬®å– ÕåÕ ©—π¬°°√–‡ªÎ“„Àå®–å (‡ ’¬ßÀ≈“¬§π‡§≈◊ÕË π‰À« ‡¥‘π‡¢å“„π∫å“π ·≈å«À¬ÿ¥) ¡≥±“∑‘æ¬è “‚√™‡Õ“μ”√“‡√’¬π‰ª¥å«¬·≈å«Õã“πμÕπ‰Àπ®ç– „π‚√ßÀπ—ßÕÕ°®–¡◊¥ “‚√™ Õã“πμÕπμ’μ«Î— ‡ √Á®·≈å«·≈–√Õ®–‡¢å“‚√߮喧√Ÿæ¡Ë’ ≥±“ °ãÕπ‰ª©—π°”≈—ß∑∫∑«π«‘™“ æÕ¥’ «— ¥‘¥Ï ‡‘ √°¡“§–¬—πÈ §–¬Õ ©—π‡≈¬‰ª®å– ·≈å«μ‘¥Àπ—ß ◊Õ‰ª¥å«¬‡æ√“–°”≈—ß°—ß«≈«ã“∑’‡Ë √’¬π¡“©—π‰¡ã§Õã ¬‡¢å“„®®å– ‡ª≈ãß π—πË ‰ß ‡Õ“·μã‡∑’¬Ë «®π‡√’¬πÀπ—ß ◊Õ‰¡ã√‡åŸ √◊ÕË ß ·∫∫π’‡È ∑ã“°—∫‡ ’¬‡«≈“‡ª≈ã“π–æ’¢Ë πÿ · ¥ß«ã“©—π‰¡ã‰¥åμ‚’ æ¬μ’擬 ‚¥¬‰√å‡Àμÿº≈„™ãÀ√◊Õ‡ª≈ã“ ¢ÿπª√–∑ÿ¡ ≈Ÿ°∫Õ°∑’‡Ë √’¬π¡“‰¡ã§Õã ¬‡¢å“„® ·μã≈°Ÿ °Á欓¬“¡„™ã‰À¡ ·¡å·μã‡æ◊ÕË π™«π‰ª¥ŸÀπ—ß°Á¬ß— ‰¡ã¬Õ¡∑‘ßÈ ‡√◊ÕË ßπ’§È Õ¬ ÀÕ∫μ”√“μ‘¥¡◊Õ‰ª¥å«¬‡æ◊ÕË À“‚Õ°“ ∑∫∑«π ‡ª≈ãß ·μã≈°Ÿ ‰¡ã§«√‰ª‰Àπ ¢ÿπª√–∑ÿ¡ ·≈å«®–„Àå≈°Ÿ ª‘¥ÀŸª¥‘ 쓉¡ã√∫— √ŸÕå –‰√„π‚≈°π’‡È ≈¬À√◊Õ ∑’‡Ë √“ ãßæãÕ “‚√™¡“°Á‡æ◊ÕË „Àå‰¥å ¡— º— §«“¡‡ª≈’¬Ë π·ª≈ß μã“ßÊ „Àå≈°Ÿ °∫¥“πÕ¬Ÿ·ã μã„πÀåÕßÀ√◊Õ‰ª‰¥å·§ã∑‚Ë’ √߇√’¬π‰¡ã¡‡’ æ◊ÕË πΩŸß‰¡ã‡§¬‡ÀÁπÕ–‰√ æÕ¥’≈°Ÿ ‚ßã쓬 ©—π√Ÿπå – «ã“·¡ã‡ª≈ãߧլμ—ßÈ ∑ã“®–À“‡√◊ÕË ß¥÷ß≈Ÿ°°≈—∫∑㓇¥’¬« ‡ª≈ãß ª≈ãÕ¬„Àå‡ÀÁππ—Ëπ‡ÀÁππ’Ë≈Ÿ°Õ“®„®·μ°À≈ß· ß ’ ¢ÿπª√–∑ÿ¡ °Á„Àå¡π— ·μ°¥Ÿ∑’ ‡√“‡≈’¬È ß¡“¥’´–¢π“¥π’È ‡≈’¬È ß„À凢“¡’ ¡Õߧ‘¥ À“°®–‡ ’¬§π°Á∂Õ◊ ‡ªÁπ‡√◊ÕË ß ÿ¥«‘ ¬— ‡ªÁπ‡√◊ÕË ß ™ã«¬‰¡ã‰¥å ‡√“æãÕ·¡ã¡À’ πå“∑’„Ë Àå ßË‘ ∑’¥Ë ∑’ Ë’ ¥ÿ °—∫‡¢“ ∑’‡Ë À≈◊Õ„À凢“§‘¥„À凢“μ—¥ ‘π„®‡Õß ‡√“À—«ÀßÕ°·≈å«μåÕß μ√–Àπ—°‡√◊ÕË ßÕπ‘®®—߉¡ã‡∑’¬Ë ߇Փ‰«å լ㓬÷¥μ‘¥°—∫Õ–‰√¡“° ª√–‡¥’¬Î «°Á∫“å “‚√™ Õπ‘®®—ß ‚Õå¬ μ√ßπ’·È À≈–æãÕ∑’©Ë π— ‰¡ã‡¢å“„® √Ÿ·å μã¡π— ·ª≈«ã“§«“¡‰¡ã‡∑’¬Ë ß·∑å·πãπÕπ ·μã≈°÷ Ê ·≈å«¡—πÀ¡“¬∂÷ß Õ–‰√À√◊Õ®ç– ‡ª≈ãß π’ Ë “‚√™°”≈—߇ª≈’¬Ë π‡√◊ÕË ß °”≈—ß欓¬“¡ª—¥§«“¡º‘¥„Àåæπå μ—«„™ãÀ√◊Õ‡ª≈ã“ „™ã¡¬È— ¥πμ√’ 9. ¬“¬ ·¡ã‡ª≈ãß À¬ÿ¥ ø—ßÕ¬ã“߇¥’¬« ∂哇ՖՖ‚«¬«“¬Õ’°·¡ã®–‰≈㉪‡¢å“§√—« ‡Õå“æãÕ‡®√‘≠ μÕ∫´‘ ¢ÿπª√–∑ÿ¡ ∫å“π‡√“‰¡ã„™ãæ«°„°≈å«¥— π–≈Ÿ° ®–‡Õ“≈÷°´÷ßÈ ‰¡ã‰¥å æãÕ®–Õ∏‘∫“¬‡∑ã“∑’‡Ë ¢å“„® ≈Ÿ°‰ª§åπ§«å“μãÕ‡Õß §”«ã“Õπ‘®®—ß Õ¬Ÿ„ã π°≈ÿ¡ã §” Õπ‘®®—ß ∑ÿ°¢—ß Õπ—μμ“ ‡√’¬°‰μ√≈—°…≥è Õπ‘®®—ߧ◊Õ‰¡ã‡∑’¬Ë ß ∑ÿ°¢—ߧ◊Õ‡ªÁπ∑ÿ°¢è Õπ—μμ“ §◊Õ‰¡ã„™ã μ—«μ𠧫“¡À¡“¬§◊Õ∑ÿ°Õ¬ã“ß≈å«π‰¡ã‡∑’¬Ë ß ¡’‡°‘¥¡“ §ßÕ¬Ÿã ¥—∫‰ª ·μã§π‡√“¡—°§‘¥«ã“∑ÿ°Õ¬ã“ß ‡¡◊ÕË ¡“·≈å«μåÕß ‰¡ã ≠ Ÿ ≈“¬ μåÕ߇ªÁπ¢Õßμ—«μ≈Õ¥‰ª ‡√’¬°¬÷¥μ‘¥ ´÷ßË ‰¡ã„™ã §”«ã“Õπ‘®®—߇ªÁπ«‘∏§’ ¥‘ ∑’®Ë –™ã«¬„Àå§π§≈“¬∑ÿ°¢è ‡«≈“ Ÿ≠‡ ’¬Õ–‰√ æÕ®–‡¢å“„®¡—¬È “‚√™ (°åÕß) „™ã‡≈¬ μÕπæ√– Õπ„π™—πÈ ∑ã“π‰¡ã楟 ßã“¬Ê ∑ã“π„™å§”∫“≈’‡¬Õ–·¬–®π‡√“ßß (ª‘¥°åÕß) ¢ÿπª√–∑ÿ¡ «ã“‰ß “‚√™


9

“‚√™

‡¢å“„®®å–æãÕ (°åÕß) ·πãπÕπ ‡√“‡¢å“„® ·μã∂“å „Àå‡Õ“‰ª„™å„π™’«μ‘ ª√–®”«—π‡√“§ß¬—ß∑”‰¡ã‰¥å ·≈å«®–·°åª≠ — À“ ¬—ß‰ß ‚Õå¬ π÷°ÕÕ°·≈å« ‡√“μåÕ߇√’¬π„Àå¡“°°«ã“π’È ·§ã«™‘ “§√Ÿ ª.ª.§ß‰¡ãæÕ ‡Õ“≈– ®∫®“°∑’πË ‡Ë’ √“®–À“∑“ß ‡√’¬πμãÕ ®–Õ’°À哪’ ∫‘ ª’‚¥¬¬—߉¡ã‰¥å°≈—∫¿Ÿ‡°Áμ‡√“°Á¬Õ¡ ¢Õ„Àå‡Õ“§”π’‰È ª„™å„π™’«μ‘ ª√–®”«—π‰¥å ”‡√Á®‡∑ã“π—πÈ ·≈–·¡ã®–√Ÿ‡å √◊ÕË ß°“√μ—¥ ‘π„®¢Õ߇√“μÕππ’‰È ¡ã‰¥å (ª‘¥°åÕß)

¥πμ√’(«Ÿ∫) ¡≥±“∑‘æ¬è ¡’«™‘ “Õ–‰√Õ’°¡—¬È ∑’ Ë “‚√™‰¡ã‡¢å“„® “‚√™ ‰¡ã¡®’ –å §√Ÿæ¡Ë’ ≥±“ ¡’·μã«™‘ “∑’‡Ë √’¬π·≈å«μ◊πË ‡μåπ ‡æ√“–∑”„Àå¡Õß·π«∑“ß°“√‡ªÁπ§√ŸÕÕ°«ã“μãÕ‰ªμ—«‡Õß μåÕß∑” Õ–‰√ Õ¬ã“߉√ «‘™“ "«‘∏ ’ Õπμ“¡¢—πÈ ∑—ßÈ Àå“¢Õß·Œ√è∫“√èμ (Herbart)" ®å–§√Ÿ ¡≥±“∑‘æ¬è ¡—π§◊ÕÕ–‰√ “‚√™ Õå“« §√Ÿ‡ªÁπ§√Ÿ ‰¡ã√®åŸ °— °Æπ’ÀÈ √◊Õ ¡≥±“∑‘æ¬è §√Ÿ‰¡ã‰¥å®∫§√Ÿ¡“π– “‚√™ §√Ÿ®∫·§ã ¡.ª≈“¬ “‚√™ ¡—π§◊Õ‡§√◊ÕË ß¡◊ÕÕ¬ã“߇¥’¬«„π‚≈°∑’∑Ë ”„Àå§π‡ªÁπ§√Ÿæ¥Ÿ ‰¥å‡μÁ¡ª“°«ã“μ—«‡Õ߇ªÁπ§√Ÿ®–å ¡≥±“∑‘æ¬è ß—πÈ ·ª≈«ã“ §√Ÿ‰¡ã„™ã§√Ÿπ–ã ´’ ¬“¬ ‡¥’¬Î « ‡¥’¬Î « °ãÕπ∂°‡√◊ÕË ß«‘™“°“√¬“¬¢Õ∂“¡Õ–‰√ ‚√ßÀπ—߇©≈‘¡°√ÿ߇¢“®”°—¥Õ“¬ÿ§π¥Ÿ√‡÷ ª≈ã“≈Ÿ° À¬—ßË ¬“¬ ‡π’¬Ë ®–‰ª¥Ÿ‰¥å¡¬È— ‡ª≈ãß ·¡ã ·°ã·≈å« ¬—ß®–§‘¥À≈ß· ß ’À≈ßÀπ—ßÀ≈ß≈–§√Õ’°√÷ ¬“¬ ‡©¬πã“·¡ã‡ª≈ãß «ã“‰ß≈Ÿ° “‚√™ “‚√™ ‰¡ã®”°—¥®å–¬“¬ „§√¡’ μ“ߧè´ÕÈ◊ μ—«Î °Á‡¢å“¥Ÿ‰¥å®–å ¢å“ß„πμ‘¥‡§√◊ÕË ßª√—∫Õ“°“»‡¬Áπ ∫“¬¡“°‡≈¬®å– ¬“¬ ¥’≈– æãÕ‡®√‘≠æ“·¡ã°∫— ·¡ã‡ª≈ã߉ªÀπãÕ¬ ·¡ã®–„À巡㇪≈ã߇¢“√Ÿ«å “ã ∂“π∑’∑æË’ Õã “‚√™‰ªπã–Àπå“쓇ªÁπ¬—ß‰ß ¡—π‡≈«√哬∂÷ߢ—πÈ ∑’·Ë ¡ã‡ª≈ãßμåÕß≈ÿ°¢÷πÈ √åÕß·√°·À°°√–‡¨Õ«ã“∑”„ÀåæÕã “‚√™‡ ’¬ºŸ‡å ’¬§π√÷‡ª≈ã“ ‡ª≈ãß ‰¡ãπ–·¡ã ©—π‰¡ã‰ª §π∫å“ππÕ°Õ¬ã“ß©—π®–„À凢哂√ßÀπ—ß≈È”¬ÿ§∑—π ¡—¬Õ¬ã“߇©≈‘¡°√ÿ߉¥åÕ¬ã“߉√ ‰¡ã‡Õ“ ©—π‰¡ã‰ª ¥πμ√’ ®∫μÕπ∑’Ë 4


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