AWARE
Navigate the Rapidly Changing World
AWARE
Navigate the Rapidly Changing World
Acknowledgements
Academic Authors: Kashika Parnami, Arpit Agarwal, Urmi Maitra, Anuj Gupta
Creative Directors: Bhavna Tripathi, Mangal Singh Rana, Satish
Book Production: Rakesh Kumar Singh, Sanjay Kumar Goel
Project Lead: Chandani Goyal
VP, Learning: Abhishek Bhatnagar
All products and brand names used in this book are trademarks, registered trademarks or trade names of their respective owners.
© Uolo EdTech Private Limited
First impression 2024
Second impression 2025
This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior written consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser and without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the above-mentioned publisher of this book.
Book Title: Aware General Knowledge 4
ISBN: 978-81-980193-2-5
Published by Uolo EdTech Private Limited
Corporate Office Address:
85, Sector 44, Gurugram, Haryana 122003
CIN: U74999DL2017PTC322986
Illustrations and images: www.shutterstock.com, www.stock.adobe.com and www.freepik.com
All suggested use of the internet should be under adult supervision.
To Parents and Teachers
In the dynamic and ever-changing world of the 21st century, knowledge is a beacon that guides us through the myriad challenges and opportunities that come our way. In this age of information, possessing a keen sense of general knowledge and awareness has become more critical than ever before. This awareness becomes a compass that helps us navigate through the complexities of our modern existence, allowing us to make informed decisions, think critically, and appreciate the world’s diversity.
The NEP (National Education Policy) 2020 emphasises the need to develop in learners the respect towards fundamental duties and constitutional values, generate awareness on one’s roles and responsibilities in a dynamic world, foster a sense of national pride and global citizenship.
On that note, we are delighted to present this comprehensive and engaging General Knowledge and Current Affairs book, designed specifically for learners in grades 1 to 8. This book, which spans nine thoughtfully curated themes, will serve as a constant companion in the quest for knowledge and awareness.
The world is evolving at an unprecedented pace, and it’s crucial that young minds are well-informed about the happenings around them. Topics in The Year Gone By theme offer insights into the significant events and milestones of the previous year.
In Science and Technology, learners explore groundbreaking innovations and discoveries that are actively defining and shaping our future.
In Earth and Environment, learners explore topics related to sustainability and environmental conservation. Recognising the delicate balance in our planet’s ecosystem and the paramount importance of preserving it are vital 21st-century skills.
In International Affairs, learners explore landmark global events of the past and the present, and developments across the world.
The theme Incredible India will help learners to explore the rich tapestry of our nation’s history, culture and heritage.
In Sports, learners explore the world of games, athletes, and the importance of teamwork and physical fitness.
The theme, Art and Culture enables the learners to appreciate human creativity, celebrate diverse traditions and discover the rich heritage of human expression across the world.
Life Skills and Financial Literacy provide learners with valuable practical skills essential for navigating their lives with confidence and competence.
This book is crafted to offer informative and enjoyable learning experiences, incorporating clear explanations, captivating visuals and abundant questions for interactive classroom engagement.
This book is supplemented by a digital and interactive learning platform. QR codes in each topic facilitate compatibility with smart classrooms and enable at-home access. The digital resources include topic-specific videos and learning experiences on current affairs and developments around the world.
Welcome to the world of General Knowledge and Current Affairs! We wish the best to all the teachers and learners!
Key Elements of a Topic — a Quick Glance
Explore More! Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
Electronic mail, or E-mail, is a way of exchanging messages and files from anywhere in the world using the internet. Let us learn more about it. 3
E-mail Address
1 Fill in the blanks. a The full form of E-mail is b The ‘@’ symbol stands for . c sent the first E-mail.
d The first E-mail was sent in the year e The longest E-mail ever written had words. f The is used to share and g separates the receiver’s name from the address of the E-mail service provider.
2 Write the purpose of the elements of an E-mail.
a To: b From: c Subject: d Cc: e Body: f Send: 3 Label the parts of the E-mail address.
arora.suhana05@gmail.com a b c
Ray Tomlinson sent the first-ever E-mail in 1971.
We need to have an E-mail address to send or receive an E-mail. We use the ‘@’ symbol in the E-mail address to separate the username from the address of the E-mail service provider like Gmail and Yahoo. The ‘@’ is called ‘at the rate.’ E-mail Fun Facts!
Usernameat the rate Domain name (E-mail service provider) Elements of an E-mail
These are the receivers who will get a copy of the E-mail, but are not required to take any action. The button you click to send the E-mail.
• The subject line of the longest E-mail ever sent was ‘Swami Viv ekanand: An Inspirational Personality’. This E-mail had 7,37,106 words. dev.singh@gmail.com
We need to know the elements of an E-mail if we want to wri te and send one.
The feature that attaches documents and photos to the email.
The receiver’s E-mail address. A brief description of the E-mail. The sender’s E-mail address. The main content of the E-mail that we want to share. We write the details of our message here.
• The first E-mail from outer space was sent in 1991 by the STS-43 Atlantis crew.
Use the internet to find out other e-mail service providers that we can use to send an E-mail. 21st SKILLS
Themes
The Year Gone By
Earth and Environment
Art and
Creativity
The NEP Tags
The National Education Policy (NEP) outlines essential skills, values, dispositions and learning approaches necessary for learners to thrive in the 21st century. Aware incorporates these elements throughout its content, tasks, and projects. Referred to as ‘NEP Tags,’ they are defined as follows:
21st SKILLS
Bringing creativity and fun into learning by combining music, drama and art
Higher-Order
Thinking
Encouraging higher-order skills such as analyzing, evaluating, problem-solving and fostering deep understanding
Green Living
Unwavering commitment to generating awareness of a green, peaceful and prosperous world
21st–Century Skills
Fostering skills and knowledge—such as critical thinking, communication, and digital literacy—that are essential for success in today’s rapidly changing world
Health and Wellness
Promoting practices that support physical, mental, and emotional well-being for a balanced and healthy lifestyle
Moral and
Values
Building strong character, guiding towards ethical decision making, and developing respect, kindness, and a sense of responsibility
Leaders of India, 2024
The leaders of India are the people in charge of making important decisions for our country. Let us read about some of the leaders who led India in 2024.
Droupadi Murmu
She became the 15th President of India on 25 July 2022 and is the second woman to hold this post. She is also the youngest president of India and the first leader in this position from a tribal community.
Jagdeep Dhankar
He became the 14th Vice-President of India in 2022. He began his career as a lawyer. Before this, he served as the Governor of West Bengal from 2019 to 2022.
Narendra Damodardas Modi
He has been the Prime Minister of India since 2014. In 2024, he was elected as the prime minister of India for the third time. He was the Chief Minister of Gujarat from 2001 to 2014.
Rajnath Singh
He became the Defence Minister of India in 2019. He helps in the management of the Indian Armed Forces and ensures the security of India. He also served as the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh from 2000 to 2002.
Nirmala Sitharaman
She became the Finance Minister of India in 2019. She is responsible for making policies that make good use of the country’s money, so as to help the people and improve the country. She is the second woman to present the Union Budget of India.
Ashwini Vaishnaw
He has been serving as the Railway Minister of India since 2021. He also became the Minister of Information and Broadcasting and the Minister of Electronics and Information Technology in 2024.
Use the internet to find out about the Home Minister and Education Minister of India.
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Match the leaders and the years in which they were elected to their positions.
a 2019
b 2021
c 2022
d 2014
2 Name the Leaders. Positions (in 2024)
a Railway Minister of India
b Vice-President of India
c Prime Minister of India
d Finance Minister of India
e Defence Minister of India
f President of India
3 Fill in the blanks.
Name of the Leader
a is the first president of India from the tribal community.
b In 2024, Ashwini Vaishnaw became the Minister of and Technology.
c Jagdeep Dhankar served as the of West Bengal from 2019 to 2022.
d Narendra Modi became the Prime Minister of India for the time in 2024.
e is the second woman to present the union budget of India.
Unique Trees and Forests
There are unique and unusual trees on the Earth. Let us learn about some of them.
The
Dragon’s Blood Trees
Location: Socotra, Yemen
These trees are called the dragon’s blood trees as they produce a red resin from a damaged or cut stem. They have densely packed branches and leaves that make them look like umbrellas. The trees can live a thousand years. The dragon’s blood tree is the national tree of Yemen.
The
Traveller’s Trees
Location: Madagascar
The leaves of these trees are large, shaped like the leaves of a banana tree, and arranged in the shape of a fan. These trees are named so because they can store water at the base of their leaves, which can be used by thirsty travellers. These trees have light blue seeds.
The
Rainbow Eucalyptus Trees
Location: The Philippines, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea
These trees have multicoloured bark with shades of green, blue, orange, red and purple. When the bark of these trees grow, it peels off in strips and a new colour comes out. These trees can grow up to 75 metres.
The
Trees in the Crooked Forest
Location: Gryfino, Poland
The forest has around 400 pine trees that have grown in the shape of a slanted J. In all these trees, the belly of the J points to the north. These trees are surrounded by straight pine trees. It is a protected natural monument of Poland.
The Trees of the Sunken Forest
Location: Kazakhstan
This forest has tree trunks coming out from the Kaindy Lake in Kazakhstan. This happened because of a landslide in 1911 which caused a lake to form over the spruce trees. The extremely cold temperature of the lake has helped to save the portion of tree trunks under the water from decay.
It is very important to save trees as they produce oxygen.
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Which countries have these?
a The Dragon’s Blood Trees
b The Traveller’s Trees
c The Trees of the Sunken Forest
d The Rainbow Eucalyptus Trees
2 Fill in the blanks.
a The colour of the resin of Dragon’s Blood Trees is .
b The shape of the leaves of the Traveller’s Tree is similar to .
c The lake in which the Sunken Forest has formed is
d The direction of the curve of the trees in the Crooked Forest is towards .
e The arrangement of the leaves of the Dragon’s Blood Tree makes it look like an .
3 Name the correct tree.
a This tree has blue seeds.
b This tree has multicoloured bark.
c It is the national tree of Yemen.
d These trees form the crooked forest.
e The trunks of these trees rise out of a lake.
Electronic mail, or E-mail, is a way of exchanging messages and files from anywhere in the world using the internet. Let us learn more about it.
E-mail Address
We need to have an E-mail address to send or receive an E-mail. We use the ‘@’ symbol in the E-mail address to separate the username from the address of the E-mail service provider like Gmail and Yahoo. The ‘@’ is called ‘at the rate.’
dev.singh@gmail.com
Username at the rate Domain name (E-mail service provider)
Elements of an E-mail
Ray Tomlinson sent the first-ever E-mail in 1971.
We need to know the elements of an E-mail if we want to write and send one.
The receiver’s E-mail address.
A brief description of the E-mail.
The sender’s E-mail address.
The main content of the E-mail that we want to share. We write the details of our message here.
The feature that attaches documents and photos to the email.
These are the receivers who will get a copy of the E-mail, but are not required to take any action.
The button you click to send the E-mail.
E-mail Fun Facts!
• The first E-mail from outer space was sent in 1991 by the STS-43 Atlantis crew.
• The subject line of the longest E-mail ever sent was ‘Swami Vivekanand: An Inspirational Personality’. This E-mail had 7,37,106 words.
Use the internet to find out other e-mail service providers that we can use to send an E-mail.
Scan this QR code to see the quiz. Practice Time
1 Fill in the blanks.
a The full form of E-mail is .
b The ‘@’ symbol stands for .
c sent the first E-mail.
d The first E-mail was sent in the year
e The longest E-mail ever written had words.
f The is used to share and .
g separates the receiver’s name from the address of the E-mail service provider.
2 Write the purpose of the elements of an E-mail.
a To:
b From:
c Subject:
d Cc:
e Body:
f Send:
3 Label the parts of the E-mail address.
arora.suhana05@gmail.com
The Armed Forces of India
Our armed forces defend our country to keep us safe. There are three divisions of the Indian Armed Forces—the Army, the Navy and the Air Force.
The Indian Air Force
It defends our nation against threats from the sky. It ensures the safety and security of our airspace, and supports the Army and the Navy in times of need. It also helps in rescue operations during natural disasters and other emergencies.
The Indian Air Force Day is celebrated every year on 8 October.
The Indian Army
It is in charge of keeping the country’s borders safe. It makes up the main bulk of our armed forces. It defends our nation from all landbased attacks. It also helps in rescue operations.
The Army Day is celebrated every year on 15 January.
The Indian Navy
It guards the seas and oceans around India. It also makes sure that people who are trading, fishing or researching in our oceans are safe. The Indian Navy also provides help in rescue missions during natural disasters like tsunamis.
The Navy Day is celebrated every year on 4 December.
The Chiefs of the Armed Forces are the highest-ranking officers.
Air Chief Marshal AP Singh Chief of the Air Staff
General Upendra Dwivedi Chief of the Army Staff
Admiral Dinesh K Tripathi Chief of the Naval Staff
The President of India serves as the commander-in-chief of the Indian Armed Forces.
Our armed forces keep us safe. We should respect those who serve in the armed forces and be proud of them.
The Armed Forces
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Name the division of the armed forces that operate in the following areas.
a Land
b Air
c Water
2 Look at these pictures. Name the division of the armed forces that they belong to.
b c
3 Read the following and name the division of the armed forces.
a Every year, 8 October is celebrated in its honour.
b They defend our oceans and also help during natural disasters.
c 15 January is celebrated in its honour every year.
d It makes sure that people who are fishing or researching in our oceans are safe.
e It protects our skies and supports the other two divisions of the armed forces.
f India celebrates 4 December in its honour every year.
India and Its Neighbours
The house next to ours belongs to our neighbours. Similarly, the countries right next to India are our neighbouring countries. Let us learn more about these countries.
Afghanistan
Capital: Kabul
Most of Afghanistan is covered with high, steep mountains. The national bird of Afghanistan is the golden eagle.
Pakistan
Capital: Islamabad
K2, the world’s second highest mountain, is in Pakistan. Hockey is the national sport of the country.
The Maldives
Capital: Male
It has white sand beaches. The coconut palm is the national tree of the Maldives.
Sri Lanka
Capital: Colombo
Nepal
Capital: Kathmandu
It is home to Mount Everest, the world’s highest mountain peak. Eight out of the ten highest mountain peaks in the world are located in Nepal.
Bhutan
Capital: Thimphu
It is one of the cleanest countries in the world. The national sport of Bhutan is archery.
China
Capital: Beijing
It is the second-most populous country in the world. It shares borders with the biggest number of countries in the world.
Myanmar
Capital: Naypyidaw
Myanmar was earlier known as Burma. It is also called the Land of Golden Pagodas because it has many golden Buddhist temples.
Sri Lanka is popularly called the ‘Pearl of the Indian Ocean.’ Its national sport is volleyball.
Bangladesh
Capital: Dhaka
The world’s largest delta, the Sunderbans, is partially located in Bangladesh. Rabindranath Tagore, who wrote our national anthem, also wrote the national anthem of Bangladesh.
Sit in groups with your classmates and discuss which of these countries you would like to visit.
Practice Time
1 Write True or False.
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
a Bangladesh is also called the Land of Golden Pagodas.
b Mount Everest is located in Nepal.
c The national sport of Bhutan is archery.
d China is the most populous country in the world.
e Sri Lanka is popularly known as the ‘Pearl of the Indian Ocean.’
2 Fill in the blanks.
a The national tree of is the coconut palm.
b wrote the national anthem of Bangladesh.
c shares borders with the biggest number of countries in the world.
d Volleyball is the national sport of .
e The golden eagle is the national bird of .
3 Solve this crossword puzzle with the help of the hints given.
ACROSS:
1. I am the capital of Nepal.
2. I am the capital of the Maldives.
DOWN:
1. I am the capital of Afghanistan.
2. I am the capital of Bangladesh.
Badminton
Badminton is a popular racquet sport. It is played by either two players (singles) or four players (doubles) on a rectangular court divided by a net. The Badminton World Federation (BWF) governs the sport internationally. Let us learn more about this game.
Some Popular Badminton Players
International Badminton Tournaments
The Olympic Games—Badminton is part of the Olympic Games, which are held every four years. It features players (both men and women) from different competing nations.
The BWF World Championships—This event is organised by the Badminton World Federation and features the top-ranking male and female players in the world.
The Thomas Cup—It is the men’s team world championship in badminton. It is held every two years.
The Uber Cup—It is the women’s team world championship in badminton. It is held every two years.
The Sudirman Cup—It is a mixed-team (both men and women) world championship of badminton. It is held every two years.
India’s Achievements in Badminton
The Thomas Cup—Lakshya Sen, Kidambi Srikanth, H.S. Prannoy, Chirag Shetty and Satwiksairaj Rankireddy are some of the players who were part of the winning team in Thailand in 2022. The Olympic Games—Saina Nehwal won the bronze medal at the 2012 London Olympics. PV Sindhu become the first Indian woman to win a silver medal at the 2016 Rio Olympics. She also won the bronze medal at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics.
The Badminton World Championship—PV Sindhu won the gold medal in 2019 and became the first Indian to do so.
Badminton is a very active sport that requires a lot of fitness and energy. It keeps us healthy and fit.
Viktor Axelsen (Denmark)
Chou Tien-Chen (Chinese Taipei) An Se-Young (South Korea)
PV Sindhu (India)
Saina Nehwal (India)
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Name the country with which the following players are associated.
a Lakshya Sen
b An Se-Young
c Chou Tien-Chen
d PV Sindhu
e Viktor Axelsen
f Saina Nehwal
2 Write whether these badminton events feature male players, female players or both.
a The Sudirman Cup:
b The Thomas Cup:
c The Uber Cup:
d The Olympic Games:
3 Fill in the blanks.
a In the 2019 BWF World Championships, the female singles title was won by .
b BWF stands for
c In the 2012 London Olympics, won the bronze medal in badminton.
d Satwiksairaj Rankireddy was part of the winning team in , 2022.
e India had won medals in badminton in the Olympics by 2023.
f In the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, won the bronze medal in badminton.
ABC’s of First Aid
First aid is the immediate care given to a sick or injured person. Sometimes, the injured person might not be conscious (awake). We need to follow some basic life-saving steps in such cases. These are often called the ‘ABC’s of first aid’.
A = Airway
Airway is a passage that helps the air move in and out of our lungs. It is a part of our breathing system. A blocked airway can harm the person. We can clear the airway by:
1. Placing one hand on the person’s forehead.
2. Then, gently tilting their head back by lifting their chin up.
B = Breathing
To check whether a person is breathing or not, follow the given steps:
1. Check if the person is breathing by noticing the chest movement. Place your hand on the chest to check if it is moving up and down.
2. Listen to the sound of breathing by placing your ear near the victim’s mouth or by feeling the breath on your cheek.
C = Circulation
If the person is not breathing, then for restoring his breath, CPR is performed.
CPR is a special technique performed by healthcare or trained people if the person is not breathing. It includes pressing on the chest in a rhythm and providing artificial breathing.
We should always carry a small first aid kit when travelling by car or bus.
Practice Time
1 Write the full form of the ABC of first aid.
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
B C
2 Sequence the pictures (1–3) in order to provide first aid.
3
Write Do or Don’t for the given steps.
a We should start giving CPR to an unconscious person as the first step.
b We need to check the chest movements to make sure that the injured person is breathing.
c To perform CPR, we can use our elbows.
d We should not try to wake up an unconscious person.
e We need to tilt the head backwards to clear the airway.
f If the unconscious person does not wake up, we may leave him/her to recover.
g We can perform CPR if the person is breathing normally.
Disasters of 2024
Natural disasters are natural events that cause a lot of damage to plants, animals, buildings and people. Many natural disasters occurred in 2024.
Noto Peninsula Earthquake
On 1 January 2024, an earthquake struck the Noto Peninsula, a place in Japan. It had a magnitude of 7.5. It caused a lot of damage and loss of lives.
Hurricane Beryl
On 1 July 2024, a very strong storm named Hurricane Beryl hit Grenada. Over the next few days, it also affected other countries like Venezuela and Mexico. It caused damage worth billions of US dollars. The strong winds, reaching 150km/h, tore roofs from buildings, uprooted trees and ruined the island of Carriacou in Grenada.
Typhoon Yagi
In September 2024, a very strong storm named Typhoon Yagi hit the southern part of China. Over the next few days, it also hit Vietnam and Myanmar. It was one of the deadliest storms ever to hit the Southeast Asian region. It resulted in destructive winds and heavy rains.
Wayanad Landslides
In August 2024, many landslides occurred in the Wayanad district of Kerala. They were caused by heavy rains, which made hillsides collapse and resulted in mud, water and rocks crashing down. It was a terrible disaster and many people lost their lives.
Did you know that India has a government body responsible for managing disasters? Use the internet to find out which government body is responsible for this. In a group, discuss its role.
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Write the correct date/month in which these disasters happened.
a Noto Peninsula Earthquake
b Hurricane Beryl
c Wayanad Landslides
d Typhoon Yagi
2 Tick () the things that happen during a disaster.
a Stable internet and phone networks
b Loss of lives
c Safe transportation
d Buildings get damaged
e Supply of electricity stops
f Trees are uprooted
3 Fill in the blanks.
a hit Grenada, Venezuela and Mexico and caused damage worth billions of US dollars.
b On 1 January 2024, an hit the Noto Peninsula in Japan.
c A series of happened in Wayanad in August 2024.
d was one of the deadliest storms ever to hit the Southeast Asian region.
Flightless Birds
There are some birds that cannot fly. They are called flightless birds. Let us learn some amazing facts about them.
Ostrich
Location: Africa
Ostriches are the largest, heaviest and fastestrunning birds on Earth. They weigh more than 150 kg. They have the biggest eyes compared to any other land animal, which help them see better. They can live for many days without water. An ostrich’s egg is the world’s largest egg.
Emu
Location: Australia
Emus are the secondlargest birds in the world. They have two sets of eyelids, one for blinking and the other for keeping sand and dust out of their eyes. They are very good swimmers.
Cassowary
Location: New Guinea and North-Eastern Australia
They are the thirdlargest birds on Earth. They are considered to be the most dangerous birds in the world due to their powerful legs and sharp claws. They can be dark blue or black in colour, with brightly coloured necks.
Kiwi
Location: New Zealand
The kiwi is a small flightless bird. It sleeps during the day and spends most of the nighttime searching for food. It uses its long, thin beak to search for worms and tiny insects in the ground. It does not have a tail and its wings are very small.
Penguin
Location: Mostly in Antarctica and its nearby islands
Penguins live in groups in extremely cold temperatures. A layer of fat and layers of feathers keep them warm. Penguins are excellent divers and swimmers. They can slide over the icy ground on their bellies and swim underwater with the help of their wings, called ‘flippers’.
It is important to protect the habitats of flightless birds and care for the environment. By adopting eco-friendly habits, we help preserve biodiversity and safeguard wildlife.
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Write the location where these birds are found.
a Penguin:
b Ostrich:
c Emu:
d Cassowary:
e Kiwi:
2 Read the clues. Name the correct flightless birds.
a The bird with webbed feet and flippers.
b The bird with the largest egg in the world.
c The bird that is considered to be the most dangerous bird in the world.
d The second-largest bird in the world.
e This flightless bird sleeps during the day.
3 Fill in the blanks.
a The cassowary has a brightly coloured
b is the largest bird on earth.
c The wing-like part of a penguin that helps it swim is called its .
d Kiwis use their to search for worms and insects in the ground.
e have two sets of eyelids.
f A layer of and layers of feathers keep penguins warm.
The Animation World
Pixar Animation Studios and Walt Disney Animation Studios are two of the most successful animation studios in the world. The animated films created by them have won many awards, such as the Oscar and the Golden Globe.
Toy Story
This animated film was released in 1995. It was the first computer-animated feature film. There are three sequels of this film, released in 1999, 2010 and 2019. The stories of these films revolve around toys that come to life when humans are not present. Toy Story 3 won two Oscars in 2010.
Ice Age
This film was released in 2002. It has six parts (five of which have been released). The story of these films is set around 20,000 years ago, when the Earth was covered in ice. The story revolves around the friendship and adventures of Manfred the mammoth, Diego the sabre-toothed tiger and Sid the sloth.
This animated film was directed by Andrew Stanton and Lee Unkrich. It was released in 2003. It shows the journey of a clownfish named Marlin in search of his son, Nemo, from the Great Barrier Reef to Sydney. Finding Nemo won an Oscar for the Best Animated Feature in 2004. Its sequel, Finding Dory, was released in 2016.
Finding Nemo UP
It was a comedy drama released in 2009. It received an Oscar for the Best Animated Feature Film in 2010. The film shows the friendship between an old man, Carl, and a young boy named Russell. It shows their journey to the Paradise Falls with the help of more than 10,000 balloons tied to Carl’s house.
This film was released in 2013. It is a musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios. The film shows the story of two princesses—Elsa and Anna, and their friends. Elsa has the magical power to create ice but runs away to ensure that no one is hurt by it. Anna and her friends help her return home and drive away the people who are after her kingdom.
In 2014, it won Oscars in two categories: Best Animated Feature and Best Original Song for Let It Go. Its second part was released in 2019.
Animated films teach us about very important things, like the value of friendship and family, and how we should respect each other.
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Write the years in which the following animated films were released.
a Toy Story
b Frozen
c Up
d Ice Age
e Finding Nemo
2 Name three Disney and Pixar films that have won the Oscar for Best Animated Feature. , ,
3 Read the features. Find the name of the correct films in the word grid and write them in the blanks.
a It was the first computer-animated feature film.
b In this film, a princess has the power to create ice.
c This film shows the adventures of the animals of prehistoric times on Earth.
d This film has characters named Carl and Russel.
e This film shows the journey of a clownfish to reach Sydney in search of his son.
I CEAGEY XZ WE K AV IS ABMH UU H N F K H KO AJPT S ARAM I YB U A O
I M O ARD N HPBY
TA ZNU AA I LM S A N E U T N H SIN T
F IN D IN G N EM O
S GAJP I CHPYR
LAHBRA K E OU Y
States and Union Territories of India
As of 2024, India has 28 states and 8 union territories. Let us learn about them.
States have their own elected governments. Union Territories are governed by the central government.
• On 31 October 2019, Jammu and Kashmir was changed from a state to a union territory.
• Telangana is the most recent state added to the list. It was established as a state in 2014.
• Rajasthan is the largest state by area, while Goa is the smallest state by area.
• Jammu and Kashmir is the largest union territory by area and Lakshadweep is the smallest union territory by area.
• The union territory of Chandigarh serves as the capital of both Punjab and Haryana.
India is a land of diverse cultures, languages and traditions, which contribute to its richness. We should respect our diversity while staying united as one nation.
By looking at the map of India, find out if you live in a state or a union territory.
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Name the correct union territory.
a It is the smallest by area.
b It is the largest by area.
c It is the capital of two states—Punjab and Haryana.
2 Write the names of any two states of India that start with the following letters.
a A: ,
b G: ,
c H: ,
d K: ,
e M: ,
f T: ,
g U: ,
3 Fill in the blanks.
a India has states and union territories.
b is the largest state in India by area.
c was the last state to be formed in India in 2014.
d was changed from a state to a union territory in 2019.
e is the smallest state in India by area.
Important International Days
Many important international days have been declared by the United Nations (UN) that honour and celebrate different aspects of life. Let us learn about some of them.
The International Day of Happiness is celebrated on 20 March every year. This day reminds us the importance of happiness and well-being as goals that we should aim for.
World Health Day is celebrated every year on 7 April. This day is recognised as the global health awareness day by the World Health Organization (WHO). It aims to focus on the important health issues and promote a healthier lifestyle for people around the world.
Earth Day is celebrated on 22 April every year. This day promotes environmental awareness and inspires people to take action to protect the planet. People are encouraged to participate in activities like planting trees and picking up litter.
The International Day of Yoga is celebrated on 21 June every year, since 2015. This day was established to promote the practice of yoga and make people aware of its benefits. The idea of celebrating it was proposed by the Indian Prime Minister, Narendra Modi.
The International Day of Peace is celebrated on 21 September every year. Its goal is to encourage people to come together and find peaceful solutions to various problems that our world is facing today.
World Teachers’ Day is celebrated on 5 October every year. This day honours teachers all over the world. Its aim is to appreciate their efforts in educating and shaping the future of students. India also celebrates National Teachers’ day on 5 September every year.
Discuss and make a list of all the important national and international days that were celebrated in your school.
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 On what date are these days celebrated?
a World Health Day
b The International Day of Yoga
c World Teachers’ Day
d The International Day of Peace
e The International Day of Happiness
f Earth Day
2 Fill in the blanks.
a The idea of celebrating the International Day of Yoga was proposed by .
b World Health Day is recognised as the global health awareness day by the
c celebrates National Teacher’s day on 5 September every year.
d aims to encourage people to come together and find solutions to problems.
e promotes the environmental awareness and inspires people to take actions to protect the planet.
3 Look at the pictures. Name the international days associated with them and colour in the pictures.
a b
Kabaddi
Kabaddi is a sport played by a lot of people around the world. It is often believed that the origin of this game lies in ancient India. Let us learn more about it.
How to Play Kabaddi
Teams: Two teams with seven players each (Attackers and Defenders).
Format: Two halves of 20 minutes each.
Attacker: One player from the team enters the opponent’s court and tries to tag as many players as possible in 30 seconds to score points. He or she keeps chanting ‘Kabaddi, Kabaddi’ in one breath. This is called a raid, and the player is known as a raider.
Defenders: The defending team tries to stop the raider from tagging player s to score points.
Kabaddi Tournaments
Kabaddi World Cup
The first Kabaddi World Cup was held in Mumbai in 2004. It had teams from Asia, Europe and North America. The tournament is organised by the International Kabaddi Federation (IKF).
Kabaddi at the Asian Games
Kabaddi was first included at the 11th Asian Games, Beijing in 1990. India won the gold medal that year. Women’s kabaddi became a part of the games from the 16th Asian Games in 2010. India has secured 11 gold medals in kabaddi at the Asian Games, with 8 won by men and 3 by women.
The Pro Kabaddi League
The Pro Kabaddi League (PKL) is India’s premier kabaddi championship, which was launched in 2014 by Mashal Sports and supported by the Amateur Kabaddi Federation of India (AKFI). Players from all over the world represent different franchises in this event.
Playing kabaddi helps us increase our strength and stamina.
Kabaddi teaches us that teamwork and coordination are key to overcoming challenges and achieving success as a group.
Practice Time
1 Fill in the blanks.
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
a Kabaddi is played by teams with players in each team.
b India has won a total of gold medals in Kabaddi at the Asian Games.
c The person attacking the opponent team is called a .
d The person attacking must chant , repeatedly, out loud.
e The person attacking has seconds to score points.
f The game of kabaddi is usually played in two halves of minutes each.
2 Complete the sentences with the correct details.
a The Kabaddi World Cup is organised by the .
b The first Kabaddi World Cup was held in in the year
c The Pro Kabaddi league was launched in the year .
d Women’s kabaddi was included in the Asian Games in the year .
e The Pro Kabaddi league was launched by .
f Kabaddi was included for the first time in the Asian Games in the year
Kitchen Appliances
Kitchen appliances are machines that we use in the kitchen to cook or store food. Let us learn about some of them.
A refrigerator is used to store food items for a long time. It keeps them fresh by maintaining a low temperature. Food items such as fruit, vegetables and milk are commonly stored in a refrigerator.
A gas stove is used for cooking food. It is connected to a gas cylinder or a gas pipe. The gas creates a flame, that heats pots and pans. The size of the flame can be adjusted with a knob.
A microwave is used to heat food quickly. One can use it to warm up leftovers or cook simple meals.
A mixer-grinder is used to grind spices and other food items into pastes or powders. It makes it easy to mix, blend and grind different ingredients. One can also use it to prepare dosa batter and healthy shakes.
A toaster is used to make soft bread crispy using heat. It has two slots in which one can put the bread. Usually, two or four slices of bread can be toasted at the same time.
It is important to keep the kitchen appliances clean. Clean appliances prevent germs from spreading, help keep food safe and make sure the kitchen stays healthy.
With the help of your parents, find out which kitchen appliances are used at your home.
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Identify and write down the names of the kitchen appliances.
2 Match the kitchen appliances and their uses.
a Microwave Toasting bread
b Refrigerator Grinding food
c Mixer-grinder Storing food
d Toaster Heating food
3 Name the kitchen appliances that should be used in the following situations.
a Ananya’s mother made dal in the morning. Ananya wants to heat it up and eat it at night. (refrigerator/microwave)
b Saurav wants to make a paste out of curd, garlic and ginger. (toaster/mixer-grinder)
c Neeraj bought milk and wants to store it for two days. (toaster/refrigerator)
Manage Your Money
Money plays an important part in fulfilling our day-to-day needs. So, it is important to know how to manage it.
Earning Money
We have to work to earn money. The money that we earn by working is called our income. People can do different types of work to earn money.
Spending Money
When we buy things, we have to pay for them with money. This is how we spend the money we earn.
Every item or service has a price, which tells us the amount of money we need to spend to buy it. We should spend our money wisely.
Saving Money
We should also save some part of the money we earn for the future. To save money, we keep some money aside and do not spend it. We can save money in a piggy bank or in a bank.
The Role of a Bank
Banks help us save money. We can keep our money in a bank. Banks give us extra money, called interest, when we save money with them. We can also borrow money from a bank when we need it. They charge an extra amount for lending us, so we need to repay the money that we borrow from the bank.
It is important to save some money for the future. We should not waste money.
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Choose the correct word from the brackets and fill in the blanks.
a When we work, we money. (spend/earn)
b When we buy groceries, we money. (save/spend)
c Keeping money aside for future needs is money. (saving/lending)
d A bank can money to people who need and repay it. (lend/borrow)
2 Fill in the blanks.
a The money that we earn by working is called our
b A lends money to the people who need it.
c When we buy things, we have to pay for them with .
d Banks give us extra money, called , when we save money with them.
3 Write True or False.
a Anu gets her salary. If she spends all her money on things she wants, she is saving money.
b Raj borrows some money from the bank. He does not have to repay it.
c Sana puts some money aside from her salary. She is saving money.
d Atish thinks that the only way to earn money is to work in a bank.
e Arnav receives money for doing his work. This is his income.
Supercomputers in India, 2024
In 2024, India launched one of the fastest supercomputers. Let us learn more about supercomputers and where they are being used in India.
What is a Supercomputer?
A supercomputer is a very fast computer that can do a lot of work at once. It can solve extremely difficult problems much faster than normal computers. It can process large amounts of data quickly. It has multiple CPUs.
PARAM Rudra
PARAM Rudra is a supercomputer developed under the National Supercomputing Mission (NSM). PARAM Rudra is designed to do faster calculations, space research and weather predictions. In 2024, the Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi launched three PARAM Rudra supercomputers.
PARAM Rudra Supercomputer Newly Launched HPC System
The National Supercomputing Mission is a joint mission by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MietY) and the Department of Science and Technology (DST).
The PARAM Rudra supercomputers are being used in three different centres in India.
• Giant Metre Radio Telescope (GMRT), Pune
• Inter-University Accelerator Centre (IUAC), Delhi
• S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences (SNBNCBS), Kolkata
Imagine you have a supercomputer. What problem would you want it to solve? Would it be about space, animals or sports? Write down your ideas and share them in class.
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Name the centres where the PARAM Rudra supercomputers are being used.
2 Fill in the blanks.
a The can solve difficult problems much faster than the normal computers.
b The supercomputer has multiple .
c is a supercomputer developed under the National Supercomputing Mission.
d The National Supercomputing Mission is a joint mission between and .
e In 2024, launched three PARAM Rudra supercomputers.
3 Imagine Satish has a supercomputer. Tick () the functions that he can do using it.
a Space research
b Clean the room
c Go to a friend’s place
d Predict weather
e Calculate fast
f Think of original ideas for a project
Marvel’s Superheroes
A superhero is a fictional character with special powers who helps to save the world. Marvel’s superheroes are some of the most popular ones. Let us read about some of them.
The Hulk
Real Name: Dr Robert Bruce Banner
Bruce is a brilliant scientist, who becomes the Hulk after a science experiment goes wrong. He turns into the Hulk only when he is provoked or gets angry. He can lift mountains and buildings and punch through a planet.
Ironman
Real Name: Anthony Edward ‘Tony’ Stark
Tony is a genius scientist and an inventor. He invented a special suit with amazing powers to fly, shoot and lift anything. Because of this, he came to be known as ‘Ironman’. He keeps upgrading his suit with advanced technologies.
Black Widow
Real Name: Natasha Romanoff
She is a trained spy and skilled fighter. She grew up in a secret organisation called the ‘Red Room’, where she was trained to be a spy. She wears a strong, black suit that is fire-resistant and has a lot of other gadgets that she uses on her missions.
Captain America
Real Name: Steven Grant Rogers
Steve was transformed into a super soldier after a lab experiment. The experiment was a success and he gained super strength and superhuman abilities. He has an iconic shield made of Vibranium, one of the strongest materials in the Marvel universe.
Captain Marvel
Real Name: Carol Danvers
She used to be a fighter pilot, but after a plane crash, she gained superpowers. She can shoot energy blasts from her hands. She has a healing factor that allows her to recover from even the most serious injuries. She can also fly anywhere in the universe.
Policemen, doctors, and soldiers are the real-life superheroes who protect us from threats and keep us safe. We should respect them and appreciate what they do for us.
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Write the real names of the following Marvel superheroes.
a Iron Man
b Captain America
c Hulk
d Black Widow
e Captain Marvel
2 Read the features and write the correct name of the Marvel superheroes.
a She can shoot energy blasts from her hands.
b She is a spy who wears a dark, fire-resistant suit.
c He turns into a superhero when he is provoked.
d He created a powerful suit packed with the most advanced technologies.
e He transformed into a supersoldier after a lab experiment. He has a special shield made of vibranium.
Constellations
Have you ever observed the patterns that stars make in night sky? These patterns are called constellations. Let us learn more about them.
Constellations
A constellation is a group of stars that seem to make a pattern. People connect the stars with imaginary lines to form shapes and patterns. We see different constellations at different times of the year and from different places on Earth. As of 2024, there are 88 recognised constellations. Some of them are:
The Ursa Major is also called the ‘Great Bear.’
The ‘Big Dipper’ is a small pattern of the seven brightest stars that form the tail of the bear.
The Hydra constellation looks like a long, twisted snake. It is the largest constellation in the night sky.
The Orion constellation looks like a hunter. It has a belt of three stars called ‘Orion’s belt’ and a sword hanging from it.
The Crux constellation is in the shape of a cross. It is the smallest constellation in the night sky.
The Canis Major constellation is called the ‘Greater Dog’. Sirius, the brightest star in the night sky, is part of this constellation.
The Cassiopeia has five bright stars which form an irregular ‘W’. It is also known as the ‘Seated Queen’.
Have you ever observed the stars forming a pattern in the night sky? Do they look like any constellation that you have studied?
Orion’s belt
Sirius Big Dipper
Practice Time
1 Fill in the blanks.
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
a Constellations are patterns made of a group of .
b is the brightest star in the night sky.
c As of 2024, there are official constellations.
d The Orion’s belt consists of stars.
e The Big Dipper consists of stars.
2 Which constellation is it?
3 Write the name of the correct constellation.
a The constellation also known as the Great Bear:
b The largest constellation in the night sky:
c The smallest constellation in the night sky:
d The constellation that looks like a hunter:
e The constellation also known as the Greater Dog:
f The W-shaped constellation:
g The constellation that has the star Sirius:
Mountains and Rivers of India
India has some majestic mountains and rivers. Let us learn about them.
Rivers of India
The Ganga is the longest river in India. It is also the national river of India. It passes through many states like Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal. The Yamuna is another important river that joins the Ganga and flows through the national capital.
The Godavari is the second-longest river in India.
The rivers Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri and Mahanadi flow east and drain into the Bay of Bengal. The rivers Narmada and Tapi are major rivers that flow west and into the Arabian Sea.
Mountain Ranges of India
The Himalayas is the most widespread mountain range in India and has some of the world’s highest mountain peaks. It includes Kanchenjunga, located in Sikkim, which is the highest mountain peak in India. It is the third highest mountain peak in the world.
The Eastern Ghats run along the eastern coast of India, from Odisha to Tamil Nadu. Jindhagada peak is the highest peak of the Eastern Ghats.
The Western Ghats run along the western coast of India, from Gujarat to Tamil Nadu. Anamudi Peak is the highest peak of the Western Ghats.
Many of India’s rivers are very polluted because of human activities. We should make an effort to not pollute rivers.
Practice Time
1 Name the correct mountain ranges.
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
a It is the most widespread mountain range in India.
b It runs along the eastern coast of India.
c It runs along the western coast of India.
d This is the tallest mountain peak in India.
2 Name the correct rivers.
a This is the longest river in India.
b This is the second-longest river in India.
c This is the national river of India.
d An important river that joins the Ganga and flows through India’s capital.
e Two rivers that flow into the Arabian Sea. ,
f Two rivers that flow into the Bay of Bengal. ,
3 Fill in the blanks.
a is the highest peak of the Eastern Ghats.
b The Eastern Ghats, run along the eastern coast of India, from to .
c Anamudi is the highest peak of the .
d is the highest mountain peak in India. It is located in .
International Currencies
All the countries in the world use different forms of money, called currency, to buy and sell things. These currencies are widely accepted in international trade. Let us learn about some of them.
The Indian Rupee (INR) is the official currency of India. It is used for all money-related matters within the country. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) controls it. The symbol used for the rupee is ‘₹’. The notes have many pictures that represent the country’s culture, heritage and notable personalities.
The United States Dollar (USD) is the official currency of the USA. The symbol used for the dollar is ‘$’. Different dollar notes have pictures of different presidents and other political figures of the United States of America.
The Euro (EUR) is the official currency of 20 out of 27 European Union member countries, which together are known as the Euro Area. It is the second most widely used currency in the world.
The Japanese Yen (JPY) is the official currency of Japan. It is an important international currency, especially in Asia. It is the third most traded currency in foreign exchange. The symbol for the Yen is ‘¥’.
The British Pound Sterling (GBP) is the official currency of the United Kingdom, which includes England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. It is also used in some overseas British territories. Notes in current circulation have pictures of Queen Elizabeth II and King Charles III. It is the oldest currency in the world that is still in use.
Use the internet to find out which currency is used in the following neighbouring countries of India: Bhutan, Bangladesh and Myanmar.
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Name the currencies of the following countries.
a India
b Japan
c The Euro Area
d The United Kingdom
e The United States of America
2 Match the symbols and the name of the currencies.
a ₹ The British Pound Sterling
b $ The Euro
c ¥ The Indian Rupee
d £ The Japanese Yen
e € The United States Dollar
3 Fill in the blanks.
a The Indian Rupee is regulated by .
b notes have pictures of different presidents and political figures on them.
c is the second most widely used currency in the world.
d is the oldest currency that is still in circulation.
e is the third most traded currency in foreign exchange.
Great Inventions
We use different machines every day that have made our lives easier. Have you ever wondered who invented them? Let us learn about some inventors and their important inventions.
The Microscope
Inventor: Hans and Zacharias Janssen Year: 1590
This father-son team from the Netherlands invented the first microscope. It is used to magnify objects. The earliest microscope could magnify an object around 3–10 times.
The Telescope
Inventor: Hans Lippershey Year: 1608
He was a spectacle maker in the Netherlands who invented the first telescope. It is used to see faraway objects. It is a useful tool for studying stars and planets.
The Computer
Inventor: Charles Babbage Year: 1833–1871
Charles Babbage is also known as the ‘Father of Computers’. He worked on the first computer until he passed away in 1871. The first computer was called the ‘Analytical Engine’. It was able to perform many mathematical calculations.
The Light Bulb
Inventor: Thomas Alva Edison Year: 1880
Edison was an American scientist who developed the first commercial light bulb. He was popularly known as the ‘Wizard of Menlo Park’. A light bulb has a thin wire called a filament that heats up and gives light.
The Motorcar
Inventor: Karl Benz Year: 1886
Benz’s car was a three-wheeled vehicle with a single-cylinder engine. It had a top speed of about 16 kilometres per hour.
The Telephone
Inventor: Alexander Graham Bell Year: 1876
Graham Bell was studying ways to teach the deaf. In the process, he invented the telephone. The first words spoken in the first telephone call were Alexander Graham Bells’s instruction to his assistant, “Mr. Watson, come here, I want to see you.”
the internet to find out the inventors of the machines you use daily.
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Write the year of the following inventions and the person who invented them.
Inventions
a The light bulb
b The motorcar
c The telescope
d The telephone
e The microscope
2 Write the correct answers.
Year of invention
Person who invented it
a The nickname of Thomas Alva Edison:
b The top speed of the first motorcar:
c The profession of the person who made the first telescope:
d The number of wheels on Benz’s first car:
e The name of the first computer:
f The magnifying ability of the first microscope:
Different Ways to Exercise
Exercise is a physical activity that involves moving our bodies to stay healthy. It makes us feel more energetic and happy. There are many fun ways to exercise. Here are some of them:
Playing Outdoors
We can run, jump and play outdoor games like cricket, skipping rope, badminton and football. Outdoor games improve our bone health and increase our strength.
Riding a Bicycle
We can ride a bicycle around our neighbourhood or in a park. This is a great way to strengthen our legs and improve our balance.
Dancing
Dancing is a great way to stay fit and healthy by moving our body to the beat of music. It improves our heart health and also helps to strengthen our muscles.
Yoga and Stretching
Yoga poses and stretching help to improve flexibility, strength, balance and coordination. They also relax our body. These yoga poses are called asanas.
Swimming
Swimming is a great exercise. The range of movement involved in swimming increases our flexibility. It helps to strengthen our muscles and improves our breathing.
Jogging
Jogging is running at a slow and steady pace. When we jog, our heart beats faster and our muscles get stronger.
Exercising regularly helps to keep our mind clear, improve our mood and self-confidence and increase our energy levels.
Practice Time
1 Name any four outdoor games.
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
2 Name the following exercises.
a This kind of exercise includes different asanas.
b This exercise involves moving our body to the beat of music.
c This exercise involves running at a slow and steady pace.
d We use a two-wheeler for this exercise.
e We do this exercise in a pool.
3 Find out the names of different exercises in the word puzzle. Circle any five of them.
S TRETCH IN GA Z
T IXX
H O A X AMT S
RA SU HEDETABW
LLRAF I AGERF I
SI J NOKNK ERQM
TE ZNK YCAECAM
ABCYCL IN GT SI
TG I R SKN BCH SN
Y U YHT O GFWMJG
AJ O GG IN GE N L N
K PGAHTJADGFE
THAQV X T Z P OSS
Sport Events in India, 2024
India has a rich history of sport. Let us explore some of the events that India hosted in 2024.
India Open 2024
The 2024 India Open is a badminton tournament that was held from 16 to 21 January. It took place at the K. D. Jadhav Indoor Stadium, New Delhi. Indian and international players took part in it. This tournament has been held since 1973.
Khelo India Youth Games 2024
The 2024 Khelo India Youth Games were held from 19 to 31 January. It took place in Tamil Nadu. It was the sixth edition of the event. Over 5600 athletes from all over India participated in this event.
WTT Star Contender Goa 2024
The 2024 WTT Star Contender Goa is a table tennis tournament that was held from 23 to 28 January. It was held at the Peddem Indoor Stadium in Goa.
Indian Premiere League 2024
The 2024 Indian Premiere League was held from 22 March to 26 May. It was the 17th edition of the tournament. It was held across thirteen cities in India. Ten teams participated in this season.
World Junior Chess Championship 2024
The 2024 World Junior Chess Championship was held from 1 to 14 June in Gandhinagar, Gujarat. It featured the players in open and women’s categories under the age of twenty.
Playing sport teaches us to work together as a team and develops good leadership skills.
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Write down the dates when the following events took place in 2024.
a India Open
b World Junior Chess Championship
c Indian Premier League
d Khelo India Youth Games
e WTT Star Contender Goa
2 Name the cities or states where the following sports events took place in 2024.
a India Open
b WTT Star Contender
c Khelo India Youth Games
d World Junior Chess Championship
3 Fill in the blanks.
a The 2024 WTT Star Contender Goa was held at the Indoor Stadium.
b The 2024 India Open was held at the Indoor Stadium, New Delhi.
c The 2024 Indian Premiere League was held across cities.
d The World Junior Chess Championship is a tournament for players under the age of .
e Over athletes participated in the 2024 Khelo India Youth Games.
Waste Management
Every year, the world produces about 200 crore tonnes of solid waste. This waste often ends up in landfills and waterbodies. Let us learn how to manage the waste we produce.
We can reduce waste by following the different ‘Rs’ of waste management.
Refuse items that cause waste. Reduce waste; carry your own bottle or bag. Reuse old things instead of buying new ones. Repurpose things and turn old items into new useful ones.
What can be recycled?
Paper and Cardboard
Paper is made of wood. Recycling 1000 kilograms of paper can save 17 fully grown trees! Plastic Plastic destroys the environment, as it does not decompose easily. But it can be recycled easily.
Recycle only when you cannot reuse or repair.
Recycling is changing waste material into reusable material.
Metals are recycled more easily than plastic. Steel is the most recycled material in the world.
Glass is fully recyclable. It can be recycled many times without reducing the quality.
Electronics often contain harmful materials that can’t be recycled safely.
cannot be recycled?
This contains waste that is toxic, reactive to heat or fire or can cause diseases. Plant and
This waste can easily be broken down naturally through composting, so it is not recycled.
We should use separate dustbins for different types of waste, such as recyclable and non-recyclable items. This promotes proper waste management.
Waste plastic bottles
New plastic things
Plastic chips
Cut and melted
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Write Y for waste that can be recycled and N for waste that cannot be recycled.
a An empty glass jam jar:
c Vegetable peels:
e Newspaper:
g Broken steel spoon:
i Empty oil bottle:
b An old plastic bottle:
d Leftover food:
f Dry flowers:
h Empty juice can:
j Old notebooks:
2 Choose the correct word from those given in the brackets and fill in the blanks.
a Paper is made from (metal/wood) and can be recycled.
b Waste from hospitals like medicines and syringes are (electronic/hazardous) waste.
c Waste like old mobile phones and batteries are (safe/unsafe) for the environment.
d Waste like dry flowers and leaves can be (composted/ recycled).
e The most recyclable material in the world is (steel/copper).
3 The list has different ways to manage waste. Write the correct R beside each.
a When we say NO to buying plastic bottles:
b When we carry our own bag for shopping:
c When we use an empty jar as a pen holder:
d When we make paper mache from waste paper:
Uses of Drones
Drones are flying gadgets that can zoom through the sky. Some drones have a built-in camera that is used to take pictures and record videos. Let us learn more about drones and their uses.
Drone
A drone is a small aircraft that can be controlled by a person using a remote control or a computer. Drones are also known as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). They are named so because they are flown without a pilot or crew.
Is a Drone a Plane?
While both drones and planes are flown, yet they are very different in the way they are operated.
• A plane is flown by a pilot whereas a drone is flown by a person on the ground.
• Drones are limited to a certain range while planes can cover very long distances.
• Drones fly at lower heights compared to planes.
Uses of Drones
Media and Entertainment
Drones are used for capturing aerial shots for films, TV shows and sports matches.
Delivery
They are used by organisations to deliver medicines and goods during a natural disaster.
Agriculture
They are used by farmers to monitor the health of their crops.
Environment
They are used for monitoring air quality and pollution in water bodies.
Drones are not just high-tech gadgets. They are powerful tools that help to monitor animals in the forests. They also help to maintain the count of endangered species. They have empowered us to protect our environment in a better way.
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Fill in the blanks.
a A drone is a small that can be controlled by a person on the ground.
b Drones are controlled using or computers.
c Drones are also known as .
d Drones fly at heights compared to planes.
e Drones are limited to a certain .
2 Name any two sectors in which drones are used. a b
3 Tick () the activities that involve the use of drones.
a To show sports matches on TV
b To monitor the health of crops
c To cook food
d To monitor animals in the forests
e To exercise
f To deliver medicines
g To capture shots for films
h To drive a car
Superlative Structures in India
There are many structures in India that are the symbols of our uniqueness, growth and national pride. Let us learn about some of them.
The Statue of Unity
It is a 182-metre tall statue of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel. He was a freedom fighter and also called ‘the iron man of India’. This statue is not only the tallest statue in India, but also in the world! It was opened to the public in 2018. It is located near Kevadia, in the state of Gujarat. It attracts thousands of tourists every year.
The Atal Setu (Mumbai Trans Harbour Link)
It is the longest sea bridge in India. It is 21.8 kilometres long and is built over the Arabian Sea. The bridge was inaugurated in January 2024 and connects the cities of Mumbai and Navi Mumbai.
The Narendra Modi Stadium
The largest cricket stadium in India and the world, the Narendra Modi stadium is located in Ahmedabad, Gujarat. It is built on 63 acres of land and has a seating capacity of 1,32,000 people. The stadium was inaugurated in February 2020.
Dr Syama Prasad Mookerjee Tunnel
It the longest road tunnel in India. Located in the lower Himalayan mountains, this tunnel connects Udhampur and Ramban in Jammu and Kashmir. This 9 kilometre-long tunnel was opened for the public in April 2017.
National Highway 44
This highway is the longest road in India. It connects Srinagar to Kanyakumari, spanning 3,745 kilometres. It was inaugurated in 2010.
Use the internet to find about the tallest building in India.
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Name the cities or states of India that are connected by these structures.
a National Highway 44: and
b The Atal Setu: and
c Dr Syama Prasad Mookerjee Tunnel: and
2 Write the years in which these structures were inaugurated.
a The Narendra Modi Stadium
b Dr Syama Prasad Mookerjee Tunnel
c The Atal Setu
d The Statue of Unity
e National Highway 44
3 Which superlative structure of India is it?
a It honours the freedom fighter of India known as ‘the iron man of India’.
b It is the largest cricketing venue in the world.
c It is the longest road connecting the northern and southern states of India.
d It is built over the Arabian Sea.
e It is located in the lower Himalayas and connects Udhampur and Ramban.
First Leaders
Throughout history, many leaders have had a lasting impact on their nations and the world. Let us read about some of them.
George Washington (1732–1799)
He was the first president of the United States. He served from 1789-1797. He is known as the ‘Father of His Country’. The US capital, Washington, D.C., is named after George Washington.
Jawaharlal Nehru (1889–1964)
He was the first prime minister of the independent India. He served from August 1947 to May 1964. He was famous among children and was popularly called Chacha Nehru. His birthday is celebrated as Children’s Day in India.
Dr Rajendra Prasad (1884–1963)
He was the first president of independent India. He served in this post for a term of around 12 years—from 1950 to 1962. Before this, he worked as an Indian politician, lawyer and journalist.
Nelson Mandela (1918–2013)
He was the first black president of South Africa. He served from 1994 to 1999. He was also one of South Africa’s first black lawyers. He received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993 for his efforts to peacefully remove racial discrimination from South Africa. His birthday is celebrated as Nelson Mandela International Day.
Barack Obama
He is the first African American who became the president of the United States in 2009. He was re-elected in 2012 and served until 2017. In 2009, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
Benazir Bhutto (1953–2007)
She was the Pakistani politician who became the first woman leader of a Muslim nation in modern history. She served two terms as prime minister of Pakistan, from 1988–90 and from 1993–96.
Use the internet to find the name of the first chief minister of your state.
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Fill in the blanks.
a Nelson Mandela International Day is celebrated every year on .
b An award that Barack Obama got in 2009 was the .
c The popular name of Jawaharlal Nehru is
d The capital of the USA is named after .
e A famous leader to get the Noble Peace Prize in 1993 was .
2 Name the countries these leaders belong to.
a Nelson Mandela:
b Jawaharlal Nehru:
c Barak Obama:
d Benazir Bhutto:
3 Write the years during which these leaders served.
a Jawaharlal Nehru:
b Dr Rajendra Prasad:
c Barack Obama:
d George Washington:
e Nelson Mandela:
f Benazir Bhutto
4 Write the name of the leaders.
a The first prime minister of India:
b The first president of the United States:
c The first black president of South Africa:
d The first African-American president of the United States:
e The first woman leader of a Muslim nation:
f The first president of India:
Birthday Celebrations Around the World
Usually, we are excited about our birthdays. Did you know that birthdays are celebrated in different ways across cultures? Let us find out how birthdays are celebrated in different countries.
In Latin-America, girls celebrate their quinceañera when they turn 15 years old. This celebration marks a girl’s transition from girlhood to womanhood. The quinceañera receives many gifts and it’s customary for her to share the first dance with her father.
In the Chinese culture, the Zhuazhou is held when the child turns one year old. The parents put various objects in front of the child. These objects symbolise career choices or personality traits. The child’s choice is used to forecast their future. Generally, family and friends cook noodles to celebrate their child’s Zhuazhou.
In Australia, people celebrate children’s birthdays with ‘fairy bread’ instead of cake. White bread, butter and colourful sprinkles are the basic ingredients of fairy bread.
The Russians celebrate their children’s birthdays by giving gifts to every child invited to the birthday party. Adults hang gifts from a clothesline, and each child gets to pull one down and take it home with them.
The Vietnamese people do not celebrate each individual’s birthdays. Instead, on the Vietnamese New Year, everyone celebrates turning another year older, together.
In Canada, the birthday girls or boys have their noses coated with butter. It is believed that it wards off bad luck for the next year.
In Spain, people pull the ears of the person celebrating their birthday, once for every year of their age and finally one good pull for good luck and a long life.
Are there any special rituals that you follow when celebrating your birthday? Discuss these in class.
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Write the name of the country associated with the following birthday traditions.
a In this country, people do not celebrate their birthdays, but they wait for the New Year celebrations.
b Here, people pull the ears of the person celebrating their birthday.
c In this country, people use fairy bread instead of cake for birthday celebrations.
d Here, adults put gifts on a clothesline for the guests to pull one down for themselves.
e In this country, people grease the nose of the person celebrating their birthday with butter.
f In this country, turning fifteen years old is a special celebration for girls.
g Here, parents put various objects in front of the child. The child’s choice is used to forecast their future.
2 Draw any four things that start with the letter C that we use to organise a birthday party.
Vocational Skills
Vocational skills are skills that help people get a job and excel in their professions. Let us learn more about vocational skills.
Vocational skills are practical and hands-on skills that prepare people for a skilled craft. These skills are needed to do specific jobs. Some examples of vocational skills are: carpentry, electrical work and plumbing. The learning of vocational skills is also called vocational education.
A vocational school is a type of school that focuses on providing vocational training to its students. These schools are also called trade schools or vocational colleges.
There are some organisations in India that focus on vocational training.
The All-India Council for Technical Education was set up in 1945 to promote technical education in India. It works to ensure proper planning and development of a technical education system throughout the country.
The National Skill Development Corporation was set up by the ministry of finance in 2008. Its main focus is to promote skill development among Indian youth. It provides financial support to new companies. It also supports efforts by companies to introduce vocational training. Its aim is to ensure that the development of skills is not hindered by a lack of financial support.
The Skill India Mission is recognised by the government of India. It provides both short-term and long-term training programmes in different vocational skills. Its goal is to make it easier for Indian youth to find jobs and provide them with the skills and knowledge needed to start their own companies.
We should try to learn some vocational skills because they make us ready for jobs right after training. These skills prepare us for specific careers and industries and allow career flexibility.
In class, talk about a vocational skill you wish to develop and why.
Practice Time
1 Match the following.
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
a All India Council for Technical Education
b National Skill Development Corporation
c Skill India Mission
2 Tick () the options that are vocational skills.
a Carpentry
c Running
e Giving gifts
3 Write True or False.
b Shopping
d Plumbing
f Tailoring
a Vocational skills are practical skills that help people get a job.
b The National Skill Development Corporation was set up by the ministry of education.
c A vocational school can also be called a trade school.
d The Skill India Mission is recognised by the government of India.
e The All-India Council for Technical Education was set up in 2010.
India at the Olympics, 2024
The Olympics are a multi-sport tournament that are held every 4 years. The 2024 Olympics were held in Paris, France. Let us learn more about India’s performance at the 2024 Olympics.
117 athletes represented India at this event in 16 different sports. India won six medals, which included three in shooting and one each in athletics, hockey and wrestling.
Shooting
Manu Bhaker won a bronze medal in the women’s 10m air pistol event. She became the first Indian woman to win a medal in shooting at the Olympics.
Athletics
Neeraj Chopra won a silver medal in the javelin throw. This is his second consecutive medal in the Olympics after winning gold at the 2020 Olympics.
Manu Bhaker and Sarabjot Singh won a bronze medal in the 10m air pistol mixed team event. This is India’s first-ever shooting medal in a team event.
Hockey
The Indian hockey team won a bronze medal. This is the 13th medal won by the Indian hockey team at the Olympics.
Swapnil Kusale won a bronze medal in the 50m rifle 3 positions event. He became the first Indian to win a medal in this event.
Wrestling
Aman Sehrawat won a bronze medal in the men’s 57kg freestyle event. He became the youngest Indian to win an Olympic medal.
Use the internet to find out about the first Indian to win an individual gold medal at the Olympics.
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Match the athletes and the events in which they won the medals.
a 50 m rifle 3 position
b Men’s 57 kg freestyle
c Mixed 10 m air pistol
d Javelin throw
2 Fill in the blanks.
a The 2024 Olympics were held in .
b number of athletes represented India in different sports at the 2024 Paris Olympics.
c won two medals at the 2024 Paris Olympics.
d The Indian hockey team won a medal at the 2024 Paris Olympics.
e The Indian hockey team has won medals in the Olympics.
3 Name the Indian athletes.
a She is the first Indian woman to win a medal in shooting at the Olympics.
b He is the first Indian to win a medal in the 50m rifle 3 positions shooting event.
c He became the youngest Indian to win a medal in the Olympics.
d They became the first Indians to win a medal in a team shooting event. ,
e He won two consecutive medals at the Olympics.
Unique Beaches
Beaches are stretches of narrow land spread across the edge of the sea or ocean. Beaches mostly have sand, pebbles or rocks and often have pretty shells. Let us read about some of the most unique beaches around the world.
The Pink Sand Beach
Location: Bahamas
This beach gets its pink shade from tiny organisms called foraminifera that live in the coral reefs. They have bright pink or red shells that are full of holes. When these creatures die, their shells end up on the beach and mix with the sand, giving it a pink colour.
Location: Australia
The Jervis Bay Beach
When it gets dark in Jervis Bay, the water sometimes starts to glow with a blue light. This is because of tiny creatures called dinoflagellates. When the water moves, it lights up the beach as if the water is full of tiny stars.
The Keramas Beach
Location: Bali, Indonesia
It is a popular black-sand beach in Bali made of volcanic sand mixed with rocks. It is a popular beach among surfers because of the waves that can be up to three metres high.
The Glass Beach
Location: Fort Bragg, California
This beach is covered with colourful pieces of glass spread over white sand. It is not a natural beach, as it used to be a garbage dumping site. These unique pebble-like glass pieces formed over the years, as glass items were shattered and were made smooth by the waves.
The Papakolea Beach
Location: Hawaii, USA
This beach has green sand made of a mineral called olivine, which came from the lava of the Big Island (where the beach is located). When the lava cooled off, it stayed on the beach, giving the beach its unique green colour. There are only three other green beaches in the world.
India also has many unique beaches. There is a magical hide-and-seek beach in India, which vanishes completely twice a day. Use the internet to find out about it.
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Name the country where this unique beach is situated.
a The Glass beach
b The Jervis Bay beach
c The Pink Sand beach
d The Keramas beach
e The Papakolea beach
2 Fill in the blanks.
a The Papakolea beach has green sand because of .
b beach is one of the black-sand beaches in Bali.
c The blue light In Jervis Bay is because of
d create the pink shade of the pink sand beach.
e The glass pieces in the glass beach were made smooth by the .
f The Keramas beach in Bali is known for its big waves, which can be as high as metres.
3 Circle six differences between the two images.
We get vaccinated so that we do not fall sick. Vaccines are given in the form of injections or drops to help our bodies fight germs that can make us sick.
Vaccines contain parts of the same germs that make us sick, but they are inactive or weakened, so they cannot cause illness. They teach our bodies how to fight against those germs. Chemicals are also used in modern vaccines to speed up the process.
Polio Vaccine
Polio is a disease that affects the muscles and makes it hard for them to move. The first successful polio vaccine (IPV) was developed in the early 1950s by an American doctor Jonas Salk. World Polio Day is celebrated every year on 24 October to honour the efforts of people who are trying to make the world polio-free. India was declared polio-free by the World Health Organization on 27 March 2014.
Smallpox Vaccine
Smallpox was a deadly disease that killed many people across the world. In 1796, Dr Edward Jenner developed the first successful vaccine against smallpox. He is often called the pioneer of vaccines.
COVID-19 Vaccine
The SARS-CoV-2 virus causes COVID-19, which spreads quickly from person to person. It was a widespread disease between 2019 and 2022. The first COVID-19 vaccine was developed by two German companies Pfizer Inc. and BioNTech in December 2020. Bharat Biotech in India developed its first COVID-19 vaccine in January 2021.
Vaccination in Children
Children are given different vaccines to help their bodies fight against deadly diseases.
• At birth and for the first few years of life, children are given vaccines like the BCG against tuberculosis, Hepatitis vaccines and the Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV).
• Influenza vaccines are given to children above 6 months, every year to prevent flu. Even adults should get this vaccine.
If we are not vaccinated, the risk of catching a disease becomes higher. In some cases, we may even spread the disease to others. Thus, it is important to get vaccinated.
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Name a disease that these vaccines prevent.
a BCG:
b IPV/OPV:
2 Name the person or companies who developed the following vaccines.
a First smallpox vaccine
b First polio vaccine (IPV)
c First vaccine of COVID-19 in the world
d First vaccine of COVID-19 in India
3 Name the correct vaccine.
a A vaccine that is given to children at birth to prevent tuberculosis:
b A vaccine that we should get every year to prevent flu:
4 Fill in the blanks.
a World Polio Day is celebrated every year on .
b Edward Jenner is also known as .
c India was declared polio-free on .
d The organisation that declared India as polio-free is .
e A disease that affects the muscles and makes it hard for them to move is .
Language Diversity in India
A large number of languages are spoken in India across different regions. The language diversity in India reflects our rich culture.
According to a survey in 2023, India has the world’s fourth largest number of spoken languages.
Hindi became an official language of India on 14 September 1949. To remember and honour this occasion, this date is celebrated as the Hindi Diwas every year.
Officially, the first Hindi Day was celebrated on 14 September, 1953.
The Constitution of India recognises 22 official languages. Hindi and English occupy the top spot, followed by 16 other official languages of the states and territories and 4 others.
Hindi is the most widely spoken language in India. It is mainly spoken in the northern and central parts of India. Bengali is the second most spoken language, followed by Marathi, Telugu and Tamil.
Busting the Myth
Many people believe that Hindi is our national language, but this is not true! It may be considered so because it is widely spoken and is one of the official languages. According to the Indian Constitution no language has the status of national language.
Our language is a large part of our identity. It is very important for us to learn our mother tongue.
INDIA
Oriya
Practice Time
1 Fill in the blanks.
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
a India has the world’s largest number of languages according to a survey.
b is the most widely spoken language in India.
c is the second most popular language spoken in India.
d Hindi was adopted as an official language on .
e In India, the first Hindi Day was celebrated on .
2 Solve the crossword puzzle using the hints given.
ACROSS:
1. I am the language widely spoken in Punjab.
2. I am the language widely spoken in Tamil Nadu.
3. I am the language widely spoken in Gujarat.
DOWN:
1. I am the language widely spoken in West Bengal.
2. I am the language widely spoken in Orissa.
Every country has important leaders who make decisions for that country. These leaders include the president, the prime minister and other important officials. Let us learn about them.
In countries like the United States of America, Argentina, Chile and Indonesia the president is the head of the state and the government.
India
In India, people of 18 and above cast their votes during elections to choose their leaders. The political party that wins the elections chooses the prime minister of the country. The president of India is chosen by the elected members of both the Houses of Parliament as well as the Legislative Assemblies of the States and the Union Territories of Delhi and Puducherry. The president of India serves for 5 years.
Countries like India, France, Italy, Pakistan and Russia have both a prime minister and a president.
Kings and Queens
As of 2024, there were around 43 countries in the world that were ruled by kings and queens. Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Bhutan, the United Kingdom and Bahrain are some countries ruled by kings. In these countries, children born to the kings and queens become the next rulers.
Charles III is the king of the UK. The country also has a prime minister who works with the king.
Leaders must be well informed, confident, well spoken and must work hard to achieve their goals.
Droupadi Murmu (President)
Narendra Modi (Prime Minister)
Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud is the king of Saudi Arabia.
Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck is the king of Bhutan.
Frederik X is the king of Denmark.
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Name the countries where these kings rule.
a Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud:
b Charles III:
c Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck:
d Frederik X:
2 Fill in the blanks.
a The president of India in 2024 was .
b The UK also has a who works with the king.
c The prime minister of India in 2024 was .
d The president of India serves for years.
e countries were ruled by kings and queens, as of 2024.
f In India, people of and above cast their votes during the elections.
3 Name any two countries:
a That have both a president and a prime minister
b That only have a president
c That are ruled by kings
Natural disasters are unexpected and powerful events, such as earthquakes or floods. They can harm the environment, property and people. Let us read about some of these disasters.
Earthquake: An earthquake happens when there is a movement beneath the Earth’s surface, causing the ground to shake a lot. It can cause buildings to collapse and even lead to landslides.
The Noto Peninsula Earthquake was a major earthquake that took place in Japan on 1 January 2024.
Flood: A flood is caused by an overflow of water on land. It can happen due to heavy rain, ocean waves, rapidly melting snow, dam failures or cloudbursts (a sudden, very heavy rainfall). Floods can lead to loss of lives, buildings and roads. Dirty and stagnant water that collects due to floods can cause several diseases like typhoid, malaria and various types of skin infections. Heavy rainfall during the rainy season of 2024 caused severe flooding in Assam, India.
Landslide: A landslide refers to a mass movement of rocks or a shallow flow of debris (scattered pieces of rubbish) down a slope. Landslides can be caused by rain, earthquakes or volcanic eruptions. Human activities like cutting down trees have increased the risk of landslides. The easiest way to prevent landslides is to plant more trees. In 2024, a series of landslides hit Wayanad district in Kerala. They caused a lot of destruction.
Cyclones: A cyclone is a huge, spinning mass of air that forms over the sea and moves towards the land. It can bring heavy rains, high waves and strong winds. The wind can damage houses, trees and buildings. The government usually issues warnings before a cyclone hits, which helps save lives. Cyclone Remal was a strong cyclone that hit West Bengal in India and Bangladesh in May 2024.
Caring for the environment helps reduce the risk and impact of natural disasters. By protecting forests, rivers and oceans, and planting more trees, we create a healthier Earth that can better withstand events like floods and landslides.
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Look at the following pictures and name the natural disasters.
2 Write two causes of these natural disasters.
a Landslide:
b Flood:
3 Write the names of the places which were affected by these natural disasters.
a Noto Peninsula Earthquake
b Cyclone Remal
c A series of landslides in 2024
4 Fill in the correct answers.
a A cyclone that hit West Bengal in May 2024.
b A disease commonly caused after a flood.
c A disaster in which the ground suddenly shakes a lot.
d A practice that can help reduce landslides.
e A disaster that forms over the sea and moves towards land.
Different Ways of Earning Money
People do different kinds of work to earn money. Let us learn more about the different ways in which people can support themselves.
We need money for our daily lives. We earn money by doing work. The money that we earn by working is called our income
The regular work that people do to earn money is called a job. The fixed amount of money they get for doing a full-time job is called their salary. If people are paid by the hour, or for a piece-by-piece job, we call their earnings wages.
A business is an organisation that produces or sells products or services to get money. People also start their own businesses in order to earn money. They produce or sell different things like food, clothes, books and building materials.
An entrepreneur is a person who starts or owns a business.
A part-time job is a job that people do for a few hours a week. People work for less time than in a full-time job. In a part-time job, people are paid based on the number of hours they work.
Some examples of jobs that can be part-time are tutoring, dog walking and driving.
In today’s evolving world, whether you choose to pursue a job or start a business, certain skills like critical thinking, creativity and effective communication are very important.
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Fill in the blanks.
a The money that we earn by working full-time is called our .
b A job means that someone works for a few hours a week.
c A is an organisation that produces or sells goods and services to get money.
d When people are paid by the hour we call what they earn .
e An is a person who starts or owns a business.
2 Write True or False.
a People work for fewer hours in a part-time job.
b A clothing store is an example of a business.
c The money that people get by doing a full-time job is known as wages.
d We have to work to earn money.
e We don’t need money in our daily lives.
3 Match the following.
a Wages Organisation that produces or sells goods and services
b Business The money that we earn by working
c Income Working for fewer hours
d Part-time job Paid by the hour or for a piece-by-piece job.
Answers
1. Leaders of India, 2024
1. a. 2022 b. 2014 c. 2019 d. 2021
2. a. Ashwini Vaishnaw b. Jagdeep Dhankar
c. Narendra Modi d. Nirmala Sitharaman
e. Rajnath Singh f. Droupadi Murmu
3. a. Droupadi Murmu b. Electronics, Information
c. Governor d. third e. Nirmala Sitharaman
2. Unique Trees and Forests
1. a. Yemen b. Madagascar c. Kazakhstan
d. The Philippines, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
2. a. red b. fans c. Kaindy Lake
d. north e. umbrella
3. a. Traveller’s Trees b. Rainbow Eucalyptus Tree
c. Dragon’s Blood Tree d. Pine trees
e. Trees of the Sunken Forest
3. E-Mail
1. a. electronic mail b. at the rate
c. Ray Tomlinson d. 1971 e. 7, 37, 106
f. documents, photos g. At the rate
2. a. The receiver’s E-mail address
b. The sender’s E-mail address
c. A brief description of the E-mail
d. Receivers who will get a copy of the E-mail
e. The main content of the E-mail
f. The button you click to send the E-mail
3. a. Username b. at the rate c. Domain name
4. Armed Forces of India
1. a. The Indian Army b. The Indian Air Force
c. The Indian Navy
2. a. The Indian Air Force b. The Indian Army
c. The Indian Navy
3. a. The Indian Air Force b. The Indian Navy
c. The Indian Army d. The Indian Navy
e. The Indian Air Force f. The Indian Navy
5.
India and Its Neighbours
1. a. False b. True c. True d. False e. True
2. a. the Maldives b. Rabindranath Tagore
c. China d. Sri Lanka e. Afghanistan
3. ACROSS: 1. KATHMANDU 2. MALE DOWN: 1. KABUL 2. DHAKA
6. Badminton
1. a. India b. South Korea c. Chinese Taipei d. India e. Denmark f. India
2. a. Both b. Male c. Female d. Both
3. a. PV Sindhu b. Badminton World Federation
c. Saina Nehwal d. Thomas Cup
e. three f. PV Sindhu
7. ABC’s of First Aid
1. A = Airway; B = Breathing; C = Circulation
2. 3, 1, 2
3. a. Don’t b. Do c. Don’t d. Don’t e. Do f. Don’t g. Don’t
8. Disasters of 2024
1. a. 1 January 2024 b. 1 July 2024
c. August 2024 d. September 2024
2. a. b. c. d. e. f.
3. a. Hurricane Beryl b. earthquake c. landslides d. Typhoon Yagi
9. Flightless Birds
1. a. Antarctica b. Africa c. Australia
d. New Guinea e. New Zealand
2. a. Penguin b. Ostrich c. Cassowary
d. Emu e. Kiwi
3. a. neck b. Ostrich c. flippers d. beaks e. Emus f. fat
10. The Animation World
1. a. 1995 b. 2013 c. 2009 d. 2002 e. 2003
2. Finding Nemo, Up, Frozen
3. a. Toy Story b. Frozen c. Ice Age d. Up e. Finding Nemo
11. States and Union Territories of India
1. a. Lakshadweep b. Jammu and Kashmir c. Chandigarh
2. a. Assam, Andhra Pradesh b. Gujarat, Goa c. Haryana, Himachal Pradesh d. Karnataka, Kerala e. Maharashtra, Meghalaya f. Tripura, Tamil Nadu g. Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh
3. a. 28, 8 b. Rajasthan c. Telangana d. Jammu and Kashmir e. Goa
12. Important International Days
1. a. 7 April b. 21 June c. 5 October
d. 21 September e. 20 March f. 22 April
2. a. Narendra Modi b. World Health Organisation
c. India d. International Day of Peace
e. Earth Day
3. a. International Day of Peace b. Earth Day
13. Kabaddi
1. a. two, seven b. 11 c. attacker
d. Kabaddi, Kabaddi e. 30 f. 20
2. a. International Kabaddi Federation
b. Mumbai, 2004 c. 2014 d. 2010
e. Mashal Sports f. 1990
14. Kitchen Appliances
1. a. Refrigerator b. Gas stove
c. Mixer-grinder d. Microwave
2. a. Heating food b. Storing food
c. Grinding food d. Toasting bread
3. a. microwave b. mixer-grinder c. refrigerator
15. Manage Your Money
1. a. earn b. spend c. saving d. lend
2. a. income b. bank c. money d. interest
3. a. False b. False c. True d. False e. True
16. Supercomputers in India, 2024
1. Giant Metre Radio Telescope, Pune; Inter-University Accelerator Centre, Delhi; S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata
2. a. supercomputers b. CPUs c. Param Rudra d. Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Department of Science and Technology e. Narendra Modi
3. a. b. c. d. e. f.
17. Marvel’s Superheroes
1. a. Anthony Edward ‘Tony’ Stark b. Steve Rogers
c. Bruce Banner d. Natasha Romanoff
e. Carol Danvers
2. a. Captain Marvel b. Black Widow c. Hulk
d. Iron Man e. Captain America
18. Constellations
1. a. stars b. Sirius c. 88 d. three e. seven
2. a. Crux b. Orion’s Belt c. Cassiopeia
3. a. Ursa Major b. Hydra c. Crux d. Orion e. Canis Major f. Cassiopeia g. Canis Major
19. Mountains and Rivers of India
1. a. The Himalayas b. The Eastern Ghats c. The Western Ghats d. Kanchenjunga
2. a. Ganga b. Godavari c. Ganga d. Yamuna e. Narmada, Tapi f. Krishna, Kaveri
3. a. Jindhagada b. Odisha, Tamil Nadu c. Western Ghats d. Kanchenjunga, Sikkim
20. International Currencies
1. a. Indian Rupee b. Japanese Yen c. Euro d. British Pound Sterling e. United States Dollar
2. a. The Indian Rupee b. The United States Dollar c. The Japanese Yen d. The British Pound Sterling e. The Euro
3. a. Reserve Bank of India b. United States Dollar c. Euro d. British Pound Sterling e. Japanese Yen
21. Great Inventions
1. a. 1880, Thomas Alva Edison b. 1886, Karl Benz c. 1608, Hans Lippershey d. 1876, Alexander Graham Bell e. 1590, Hans and Zacharias Janssen
2. a. Wizard of Menlo Park b. 16 kilometres per hour c. spectacle maker d. three e. Analytical Engine f. 3-10 times
22. Different Ways to Exercise
1. Cricket, Skipping rope, Badminton, Football
2. a. Yoga b. Dancing c. Jogging d. Cycling e. Swimming
3. S TRETCH IN GA Z
T IXX H O A X AMT S
RA SU HEDETABW
LLRAF I AGERF I
SI J NOKNK ERQM
TE ZNK YCAECAM
ABCYCL IN GT SI
TG I R SKN BCH SN
Y U YHT O GFWMJG
AJ O GG IN GE N L N
K PGAHTJADGFE
THAQV X T Z P OSS
23. Sports Events in India, 2024
1. a. 16 to 21 January b. 1 to 4 June
c. 22 March to 26 May d. 19 to 31 January
e. 23 to 28 January
2. a. New Delhi b. Goa
c. Tamil Nadu d. Gandhinagar
3. a. Peddem b. K.D. Jadhav c. thirteen
d. twenty e. 5600
24. Waste Management
1. a. Y b. Y c. N d. N e. Y f. N
g. Y h. Y i. Y j. Y
2. a. wood b. hazardous c. unsafe
d. composted e. steel
3. a. Refuse b. Reduce c. Repurpose d. Recycle
25. Uses of Drones
1. a. aircraft b. remote controls
c. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
d. lower e. range
2. a. Agriculture b. Media and Entertainment
3. a. b. c. d. e.
f. g. h.
26. Superlative Structures in India
1. a. Srinagar, Kanyakumari
b. Mumbai, Navi Mumbai
c. Udhampur, Ramban
2. a. 2020 b. 2017 c. 2024 d. 2018 e. 2010
3. a. Statue of Unity b. Narendra Modi Stadium
c. National Highway 44 d. Atal Setu
e. Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee Tunnel
27. First Leaders
1. a. Nelson Mandela’s birthday
b. Nobel Peace Prize
c. Chacha Nehru
d. George Washington
e. Nelson Mandela
2. a. South Africa b. India
c. United States of America d. Pakistan
3. a. 1947 to 1964 b. 1950 to 1962
c. 2009 to 2017 d. 1789 to 1797
e. 1994 to 1999 f. 1988 to 1996
4. a. Jawaharlal Nehru b. George Washington
c. Nelson Mandela d. Barack Obama
e. Benazir Bhutto f. Dr. Rajendra Prasad
28. Bir thday Celebrations Around the World
1. a. Vietnam b. Spain c. Australia d. Russia
e. Canada f. Latin America g. China
29. Vocational Skills
1. a. National Skill Development Corporation
b. Skill India Mission
c. All India Council for Technical Education
2. a. b. c. d. e. f.
3. a. True b. False c. True d. True e. False
30. India at the Olympics, 2024
1. a. Men’s 57 kg freestyle b. Javelin Throw
c. 50m rifle 3 position d. Mixed 10 m air pistol
2. a. Paris b. 117, 16 c. Manu Bhaker
d. bronze e. 13
3. a. Manu Bhaker b. Swapnil Kusale
c. Aman Sehrawat d. Manu Bhaker, Sarabjot Singh
e. Neeraj Chopra
31. Unique Beaches
1. a. USA b. Australia c. Bahamas
d. Indonesia e. USA
2. a. olivine b. Keramas c. dinoflagellates
d. foraminifera e. waves f. three
3.
32. Vaccines
1. a. Tuberculosis b. Poliovirus
2. a. Edward Jenner b. Jonas Salk
c. Pfizer Inc. and BioNTech d. Bharat Biotech
3. a. BCG b. Influenza vaccine
4. a. 24 October b. pioneer of vaccines
c. 27 March 2014 d. World Health Organization
e. Poliovirus
33.
Language Diversity in India
1. a. fourth b. Hindi c. Bengali
d. 14 September 1949 e. 14 September 1953
2. ACROSS: 1. PUNJABI 2. TAMIL 3. GUJARATI
DOWN: 1. BENGALI 2. ORIYA
34. Our Leaders
1. a. Saudi Arabia b. United Kingdom
c. Bhutan d. Denmark
2. a. Droupadi Murmu b. Prime Minister
c. Narendra Modi d. five e. 43 f. 18
3. a. India, France
b. United States of America, Argentina
c. Denmark, Saudi Arabia
35. Natural Disasters
1. a. Earthquake b. Flood c. Landslide
2. a. Earthquakes, Volcanic eruptions
b. Heavy rains, Dam failures
3. a. Japan
b. Bangladesh and West Bengal
c. Wayanad, Kerala
4. a. Cyclone Remal b. Typhoid c. Earthquake
d. Planting more trees e. Cyclone
36. Different Ways of Earning Money
1. a. salary b. part-time c. business
d. wages e. entrepreneur
2. a. True b. True c. False
d. True e. False
3. a. Paid by the hour or for a piece-by-piece job
b. Organisation that produces or sells goods and services
c. The money that we earn by working
d. Working for fewer hours
About the Book
Introducing Aware, a comprehensive and engaging General Knowledge and Current Affairs book designed specifically for learners in grades 1 to 8. It empowers learners with general knowledge, awareness of global developments, functional competencies and the 21st-century skills essential for life today. This book spans nine thoughtfully curated themes.
About Uolo
Uolo partners with K-12 schools to provide technology-enabled learning programs. We believe that pedagogy and technology must come together to deliver scalable learning experiences that generate measurable outcomes. Uolo is trusted by over 15,000+ schools across India, Southeast Asia and the Middle East.
ISBN 978-81-980193-2-5
