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Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma: Behind the smile

• Nigeria A season of all the dangers •K enya Fight of a lifetime •G oogle The next billion are African

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Diaspora dynamo JEUNE AFRIQUE MEDIA GROUP INTERNATIONAL EDITION

Algeria 550 DA • Belgium €5.90 • Canada CA$ 7.95 • DR Congo US$ 9 • Denmark 60 DK • DOM 8 € • Ethiopia 90 Birr • France €5.90 Germany €5.90 • Ghana GH¢ 10 • Italy €5.90 • Kenya KES 410 • Morocco 40 DH • Netherlands €5.90 • Nigeria 800 NGN • Norway NK 70 Portugal €5.90 • Rwanda RWF 6,000 • Sierra Leone LE 15,000 • South Africa R40 (tax incl.) • Spain €5.90 • Sweden SEK 70 Switzerland 9.90 FS • Tanzania TZS 10,000 • Tunisia 5.4 DT • Uganda UGX 10,000 • UK £4.50 • United States US$ 6.95 • Zambia 48 ZMW Zimbabwe US$ 4 • CFA Countries 3,500 F CFA • Euro Zone €5.90

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Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma: Behind the smile

• Nigeria A season of all the dangers • Kenya Fight of a lifetime • Google The next billion are African

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THE AFRICA REPORT # 92 - JULY-AUGUST 2017

Diaspora dynamo INTERNATIONAL EDITION

JEUNE AFRIQUE MEDIA GROUP

BUSINESS

06 EDITORIAL Africa’s Marshall Plan for the West

60 GOOGLE The next billion The American tech giant is using training programmes to reel in new African internauts

08 LETTERS 10 THE QUESTION

BRIEFING 12 SIGNPOSTS 14 PEOPLE

16 INTERNATIONAL 18 CALENDAR 20 OPINION Cheta Nwanze, head of research, SBM Intelligence, Nigeria

70 LEADERS NanaAma BotchwayDowuona, Founder, N. Dowuona & Company, Ghana

73 HANNIBAL

22 DIASPORA A dynamic force for good The Africa Report takes a look at the diaspora population around the globe and how they are changing the continent’s narrative from abroad

LOGISTICS DOSSIER 74 Transnet in a tangle Allegations of corruption surface as the state-run company targets a continental expansion

78 INTERVIEW Romain Py, Investment director, African Infrastructure Investment Managers (AIIM)

POLITICS 30 KENYA The fight of a lifetime Raila’s last chance, and the threat of election violence ahead of the August polls

80 EAST AFRICA Ports in a storm

36 PROFILE Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, former chair, African Union Commission COVER CREDITS: CAMILLE CHAUVIN FOR TAR; ROGAN WARD/REUTERS

66 OIL AND GAS Senegal’s black bonanza

72 FINANCE There’s gold in that dirt

FRONTLINE

40 NIGERIA A season of all the dangers 42 ANANSI Are Europe’s voters growing up?

COUNTRY FOCUS 45 CAMEROON Bamenda blues After years of neglect and marginalisation by the country’s francophone majority, the English-speaking enclaves are pushing back THE AFRICA REPORT

64 TELECOMS The curious fall of Etisalat Nigeria

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ART & LIFE 82 CULTURE Has Egypt lost its capital? The once entertainment centre of the Arab world attempts a comeback 86 ART Nigeria makes its Venice Biennale debut appearance 88 LIFESTYLE Ghanaian designer Akosua Afriyie-Kumi 89 TRAVEL Madagascan islands by catamaran 90 DAY IN THE LIFE Zanzibar hotel operations manager Mohamad Ali Mohamad

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57‑BIS, RUE D’AUTEUIL – 75016 PARIS – FRANCE TEL: (33) 1 44 30 19 60 – FAX: (33) 1 44 30 19 30 www.theafricareport.com

Africa’s Marshall Plan for the West

CHA I R M A N A ND F O UND E R BÉCHIR BEN YAHMED P UB L I S HE R DANIELLE BEN YAHMED publisher@theafricareport.com

n a time of hyper-nationalism, the wall-builders might see it as churlish to throw a few facts and figures into the argument – but here goes anyway. Our Frontline feature on the growing power of Africa’s diaspora gets to the nub of the continent’s economic and cultural exchange with the West. Let’s start with the quantifiable: financial flows. Africa’s central banks hold more than $600bn of their foreign reserves in Western economies. Similarly, African pension funds hold more than $700bn and invest most of it in Western capital markets. There are the illicit flows too, tracked by a panel of the UN’s Economic Commission for Africa. Its latest report reckons that Africa is losing more than $80bn per year from deliberate trade mispricing, corporate tax evasion and a potpourri of financial-service rackets. Most of that cash ends up in Western banks. And the inflows? Enter Africa’s diaspora to the tune of more than $60bn a year in remittances through official channels. Unofficial transfers add at least another $60bn. Altogether, remittances were over twice foreign aid levels. Remittances transfer money for school and medical fees, building houses and starting up enterprises. Yet London’s Overseas Development Institute has identified a “super tax” on those remittances. People paid an average of 12.3% to send $200 to an African country, compared with a global average of 7.8%. Sparse competition and high commissions are part of the problem, but African-owned transfer companies, such as WorldRemit, are now cutting costs. Education and health services in the West are increasingly

E X E CUT I VE P UB L I S HE R JÉRÔME MILLAN

recruiting African professionals. Britain’s Institute of Public Policy and Research found that Uganda spent more than $2bn on training doctors who then went to the West. Kenya’s Calestous Juma, professor of international development at Harvard University, argues for the value of cultural and intellectual exchange over worries about a brain drain. Ghana takes a pragmatic view: “We see education as an export industry,” a presidential adviser says. “We are rapidly expanding the trainAfrica’s ing of health workers knowing there is high diaspora demand for them in can offer Europe, but also to imthe world prove local services.” Africans have now a master surpassed their Asian class counterparts in Britain and the US as the most in juggling educated migrant identities group (the highest percentage of postgraduates). Some educational psychologists say a stronger family work ethic helps. After Tiger Moms, Lion Mums and Dads? As the data on Africa’s diaspora explains its contribution to both host countries and the mother continent, there are some philosophical questions. Just as the overseas Chinese helped kickstart the Middle Kingdom’s spectacular growth, Africa’s diaspora is playing a similar role. Amin Maalouf, author of the elegiac Leo Africanus, speaks compellingly of the importance of mutual respect as we juggle our multiple identities – personal, religious, ethnic and national. In that regard, Africa’s diaspora can offer the world a master class.

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M A R K E T I NG & D E VE L O P M E NT ALISON KINGSLEY‑HALL E D I T O R I N CHI E F PATRICK SMITH M A NA G I NG E D I T O R NICHOLAS NORBROOK editorial@theafricareport.com A S S O CI AT E E D I T O R MARSHALL VAN VALEN B US I NE S S E D I T O R MARK ANDERSON E D I T O R I A L A S S I S TA NT OHENEBA AMA NTI OSEI R E G I O NA L E D I T O R S CRYSTAL ORDERSON (SOUTHERN AFRICA) BILLIE ADWOA MCTERNAN (GHANA) S UB - E D I T O R S ALISON CULLIFORD ERIN CONROY P R O O F R E A D I NG KATHLEEN GRAY A RT DI R E CT O R MARC TRENSON DESIGN VALÉRIE OLIVIER (LEAD DESIGNER) SYDONIE GHAYEB VALENTIN EVERARD CHRISTOPHE CHAUVIN (INFOGRAPHICS) R E S E A R CH SYLVIE FOURNIER P HO T O G R A P HY PIERANGÉLIQUE SCHOULER SALES SANDRA DROUET Tel: (33) 1 44 30 18 07 – Fax: (33) 1 45 20 09 67 sales@theafricareport.com CONTACT FOR SUBSCRIPTION: Webscribe Ltd Unit 4 College Road Business Park College Road North Aston Clinton HP22 5EZ United Kingdom Tel: + 44 (0) 1442 820580 Fax: + 44 (0) 1442 827912 Email: subs@webscribe.co.uk ExpressMag 8275 Avenue Marco Polo Montréal, QC H1E 7K1, Canada T : +1 514 355 3333 1 year subscription (10 issues): All destinations: €39 ‑ $60 ‑ £35 TO ORDER ONLINE: www.theafricareportstore.com A D VE RT I S I NG D I F CO M INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING AND COMMUNICATION AGENCY 57‑BIS, RUE D’AUTEUIL 75016 PARIS ‑ FRANCE Tel: (33) 1 44 30 19‑60 – Fax: (33) 1 44 30 18 34 advertising@theafricareport.com PRINTER: SIEP 77 ‑ FRANCE N° DE COMMISSION PARITAIRE : 0720 I 86885 Dépôt légal à parution / ISSN 1950‑4810 THE AFRICA REPORT is published by GROUPE JEUNE AFRIQUE

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Cameroon

GEORGE OSODI/PANOS-REA

Following recent protests Bamenda was cut off, internet included

Bamenda blues After years of neglect and marginalisation by the francophone majority in Cameroon, the Englishspeaking enclaves are pushing back. The government’s response to intellectual-led protests has been hardline, and in the near-deserted streets of Bamenda there are whispers of secession By Reinnier Kazé and Honoré Banda

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incelatelastyear,Mondaysin Bamenda are a ‘ghost town’ – shops are closed and most people stay at home. On a bright day in mid-June, the city stretches out in a valley amidst dull green hills in North West Region as a big white coach from Douala arrives at its outskirts. A pidgin-speaking man selling a herbal cure-all tries to whip up customer interest as the bus leans from side to side through some rough potholes. The bus passengers dutifully get out for an ID check just outside the archway welcoming you to Bamenda.

46 COUNTRY FOCUS | CAMEROON

Before the bus arrives, a woman who works in the tourism industry in Douala, who is returning to Bamenda for a funeral ceremony, offers some advice: “Do not take any photos when you see soldiers or government buildings.” She warns that travellers might need to stay until midweek because of the ghost town. As the bus descends the hills that surround Bamenda, another woman chats animatedly about the discrimination anglophones in Cameroon are subject to: “If you cannot express yourself in French, you will be crushed. When you speakEnglishinahospital,theytellyouto wait for your ‘Bamenda brother’. We just want to be respected for what we are, our culture, our language. We simply want improvements to our living conditions.” TOTAL MISMANAGEMENT

SOURCE: CAMEROON INTELLIGENCE REPORT

REINNIER KAZÉ FOR TAR

Welcome to Cameroon’s ‘anglophone crisis’. It flared up late last year when teachers and lawyers went on strike. In big, violently represse§d street demonstrations, they protested the neglect of the anglophone education system and British-inspired common law practised a small town near Bamenda who works in South West and North West regions for a non-governmental organisation under the Cameroonian constitution. in Yaoundé, says that in practice anglo“It is a case of total mismanagement,” says Paulin*, a secondary school teacher. phones are the ones who have to make “Theyaresendinganglophoneteachersto the effort and speak French, and that francophoneschoolsandviceversa.They his colleagues speak little English and are messing up the children’s futures.” do not see much reason to try. James, a For their part, lawyers are furious about taxi driver who grew up in Bamenda but did some of his schooling in Yaoundé Yaoundé appointing judges with little or and drove a taxi there too, no training in common law to judge cases. Cameroon’s says: “I never really learned I speak history as separate terFrench.I just spoketaxilanEnglish ritories once ruled by the guage to get by. I lived with anglophones too, so did British and French means not have the opportunity the constitution upholds legal and educational sysfor much French.” The late 2016 protests led tems inspired by the two different colonial legacies. to negotiations between civil society groups and But thebilingual heritage has been a difficult one for the central government in The English-speaking the government to manage. Yaoundé. Opinion varies minority make Lawyer Bernard Muna says throughouttheanglophone up about one-fifth francophone judges are regions – and also in the acof Cameroon’s 23 million people sent to Bamenda because tive diaspora – over the best solution to maintaining the “Cameroon is a corrupt region’s linguistic and cultural identities. country”, and because of bribes at the magistrates’ school. President Paul Biya’s Various groups are calling for dialogue government may sport an anglophone and negotiation over improving condiprime minister, Philémon Yang, but his tions, while others say that Cameroon should be a federal state with more presence does little to address the everyday concerns of anglophones. powers devolved to the regions and There are no official statistics availmore radical groups like the Southern able on how many Cameroonians are Cameroons National Council seeking functionally bilingual. Roger, a native of independence. While it is unclear which

20%

idea commands the most support, perhaps a political solution is not the most pressing issue. Many people said there would be no protests if the government improved people’s daily lives with better hospitals, more reliable electricity and steps to reduce the marginalisation experienced by anglophones, a minority estimated at about 20% of Cameroon’s 23 million people. A HEAVY HAND

Complicating the anglophone cause is the fact that it is fragile and loosely organised. The Cameroon Anglophone Civil SocietyConsortium,teachers’unionsand lawyers’ groups were initially involved in negotiations with the government about the problems in the legal and educational systems. But talks eventually broke down after the government arrested anglophone leaders and put them on trial in Yaoundé (see box on page 48). That move has crystallised the conflict, which shows no signs of nearing a resolution. In December, President Paul Biya spoke about the troubles, saying: “Problems must be fixed within the framework of the law and by dialogue.” A member of the religion-run education system in Bamenda says in return: “There is no dialogue.” The government does not want to be seen as appeasing protesters and

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and other parts of the country. Bryan, who sits on a stool next to a colleague and runs a clothing shop a stone’s throw away from Commercial Avenue, says that corruption and mismanagement are hurting business: “We pay taxes and for what? Corruption here is the worst, and police and other officials are here just to make money.” SECESSION MURMURS

How could the conflict be resolved? Samantha, who runs a small restaurant near the centre of town that serves eru and other traditional dishes, is categorical: “Separation would be good for me. The francophones have stolen all of our resources and treat us like slaves.” Nevertheless, though much of Cameroon’s oil is located in the Rio del Rey area of South West Region, and the area has little to show for it, secession

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REINNIER KAZÉ FOR TAR

has delivered piecemeal initiatives to address some concerns. It has created a commission on bilingualism and multiculturalism, set up a common law section at the Ecole Nationale d’Administration et de la Magistrature and launched the recruitment of 1,000 bilingual teachers. But the government’s hand is heavy. Evidenceofitsno-holds-barredapproach tosnuffingoutthreats–realorperceived– can be seen in the April handing down of a 10-year prison sentence for RFI journalist Ahmed Abba for failure to denounce acts of terrorism, and the same punishmentinNovemberforthreeyoung peoplewhosharedajokeviatextmessage about Boko Haram. In response to the recent protests, the government cut off the regions’ internet from early January until mid-April. For Rebecca Enonchong, who helped run the campaign to force Yaoundé to switch it back on, it shows how out of touch the administration is. “Some people in the government believed that the internet [itself] caused the demonstrations,” she says. “But more worrying, international investors will now see Cameroon as a place that shuts down the internet. Our risk profile is automatically increased.” Beyond their purely anglophone preoccupations, residents of Bamenda criticise government in the same ways that can be heard in Yaoundé, Douala

Clockwise from left: lack of investment has left Bamenda’s roads in a poor state of repair; customers are in short supply at the market; fires at a bar on Nkwen Street and at the market are seen as a sign that those who do not respect the business boycott will be punished

remains a minority view. For now. Samantha adds: “The government sends people who only speak French to control the border with Nigeria. I go there often to buy products to sell here. If they hear you speak English, they treat you badly. If they hear pidgin, they go crazy.” Her sister Cecile is working with her now because she could not finish her last year of university courses in economics due to the recent troubles. “We love her, so we kept her at home. They are cutting off the hands of people who go to school. You can see videos of it on the internet.” James, the taxi driver, says he is perplexed by the possibilities: “I would just like everyone to work together. I am confused about it but I do not think secession would work.” He says that he wants to leave Bamenda and go back to Yaoundé because he is making less than half of the money he used to earn.

REINNIER KAZÉ FOR TAR

48 COUNTRY FOCUS | CAMEROON

The problems caused by the crisis are rippling through Bamenda in visible and less visible ways. Samuel, a university professor, says: “What is happening in the hospitals is devastating. Young girls who are not going to school are getting pregnant and ending up in hospital when they try to get rid of it on their own.” FUTURES DIMINISHED

Other Bamendayouth struggletosurvive. Two young boys dressed in light jackets look at the ground and back up against a carinneedofrepairswhenapproachedin a small passage off of Nkwen Street. “For one month now, we are panel beaters,” says a 13-year-old out-of-school boy. “I like studying math […] but there is no school because of ghost town.” Many

In state-run schools pupils were forced to sit end-of-year exams after a year without teaching

students in town are working as hawkers and looking for other ways to make money. As The Africa Report went to press, it was still not clear if there would be classes in the next school year as the troubles in Bamenda dragged on after the 2016/2017 school year was a washout. The economy of Bamenda is also in a dire state. The food market, hit by one of the fires that have plagued the city in recent months, has more sellers than customers in the middle of June. Clothes seller Bryan says that since last year “the market is very bad. Before I could not go minutes without someone coming by to ask what I am doing here.

Now I sit here for hours with nothing to do.” The receptionist at the mid-sized Clifton Hotel says that at this time of year, normally the place would be booked out but it has just five guests. Suspicions are high and people talking about the conflict often look around to see if anyone is listening. The fire at the Top Star Hotel in early June and another recent one at a bar on Nkwen Street are seen as a sign that those organising ghost towns will punish those who do not respect the business boycott. At her restaurant, Samantha says that she closes down on Mondays. “No one knows who is setting the fires. They say they are in a group called Black Spider. They will threaten you first and give you a warning or slip a note under the door. But then they will come back to burn it if you do not close down on a ghost town.” To fight the insecurity, the red berets of soldiers are now a common sight at points throughout Bamenda. Even a member of the elite Bataillon d’Intervention Rapide was seen on a night in June sitting in a noisy bar near a central transport hub in the city, dressed in fatigues and BIR baseball cap, surveying the crowd. Their presence is set to continue as the community’s resolve seems unweakened in its fight for anglophone traditions, development and better governance, in the face of the government’s game of hardball with anything that it sees as a threat to stability. *Some names have been changed to protect the identity of sources due to the current tensions.

The high price of protesting SOME 74 ANGLOPHONES ARE APPEARING before a military tribunal in Yaoundé accused of terrorism for their involvement in the crisis that has hit Cameroon’s two Anglophone regions since November 2016. They were arrested during protests after lawyers and teachers went on strike to protest threats to the legal and educational systems. They risk the death penalty due to an anti-terrorism law adopted in December 2014. Three leaders of the anglophone cause are among the accused: lawyer Félix Agbor Nkongho, professor Fontem Aforteka’a Neba and Mancho Bibixy, a.k.a. ‘BBC’, a radio host. The first two are respected intellectuals. Bibixy is an activist and was at the frontline from the beginning of the troubles. During the first protests, he appeared in a coffin, haranguing the crowd. The trials started on 23 March and are set to drag on. The accused have been imprisoned in a high-security jail in Yaoundé since January. In late April, their lawyers filed a request for their provisional release, but the tribunal rejected it.

Faced with attacks by the Nigerian Islamist group Boko Haram, Cameroon adopted a controversial law to use in the fight against terrorism. It defines terrorism as “any act or threat likely to cause death, put in physical jeopardy, bring about corporal or material damage, damage to natural resources, the environment or cultural heritage.” Activists say the regime is using the law to stifle all contestation. That case is not the only trial causing tensions in North West Region. Three bishops, two priests and a nun are being sued for the Catholic Church’s management of its schools during the strikes. Two senior military officers are leading a group that claims to represent the parents of students. They are seeking damages of 150bn CFA francs ($225.8m), an amount that would bankrupt the archdiocese of Bamenda several times over. The backers of the suit say that Archbishop Cornelus Fontem Esua and the others are responsible for the boycott of classes in the church-run schools and collecting fees without holding classes. R.K. THE AFRICA REPORT

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Société d’Aménagement de Douala

Cité des Cinquantenaires de Douala A symbol of Cameroon’s urban modernisation

ajor urban property developer Société d’Aménagement de Douala (SAD) is in the process of transforming the Bonapriso neighbourhood of Douala with its “Cité des Cinquantenaires de Douala” housing development project. Being built within the framework of a vast urban restructuring operation, this housing estate is a foretaste of the makeover the neighbourhood is undergoing and should serve as an inspiration to the rest of Cameroon, especially since SAD began operating nationwide in 2011.

M. Manfred Mbassa, directeur général de la SAD.

Construction of the first phase, on two hectares of land, began in November 2016. However, in total, this avant-garde housing complex will be built on 40,000 m². Four 9- to 10-storey buildings are to be built, comprising 525 high-end apartments as well as 4,242 m² of office space and 6,922 m² of commercial premises. The complex will also include infrastructure for services (crèches) and leisure (25 m junior Olympic pool). The total investment is 35 billion CFA francs, including taxes.

SAD : a market leader in housing estate development

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Established in 1998 with an agreement between the Communauté Urbaine de Douala and the Collectivité Coutumière du Canton Bakoko (Bakoko Canton traditional council) for the purpose of undertaking large property developments, in 2005 SAD became a true property developer in order to play its part in improving access to housing, including social housing, in Cameroon

Société d’Aménagement de Douala 289, rue Koloko Bonapriso BP 4747 - DOUALA, CAMEROUN Tél. : (+237) 233 431 143 Email : mbsad2003@yahoo.fr

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Douala “Cité des Cinquantenaires” Sales Offices

The financing, now finalised and approved, is being provided by SAD majority shareholder Communauté Urbaine de Douala (CUD – Douala Urban Community), SAD, Crédit Foncier du Cameroun, FEICOM and local and international banks. The project is being marketed locally (Douala and Yaoundé) and internationally (Montreal and Paris). To date, 25% of the apartments have been reserved.

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Alain Nono

General manager, mobile financial services, MTN Cameroon

In Central Africa, unlike East or West, telcoms can only offer mobile money in partnerships with banks. Within this framework MTN is focused on reaching out to the informal sector TAR: Why is MTN involved in the mobile money sector? ALAIN NONO: MTN’S global strategy is to expand financial services, and this includes money transfers. We started diversifying several years ago to create new revenue streams, as the tendency with 4G is for voice revenue to drop, especially with the arrival of over-the-top services. So for several years MTN has been looking for new revenue streams, especially in terms of digital services. We started in mobile money in 2010 and it started off very slowly as it was something new for us. We have been sharing our experience with other operations, and things havereallybeenpickingupoverthe past two years. It is not something we did on our own but within the regulatory framework. Regulations are tight in Cameroon and within the Communauté Economique et Monétaire de l’Afrique Centrale. The goal is to bring money from the informal sector into the formal sector. The goal is not to compete with the banks, as the banks are our partners. We are doing what the banks have not yet done, which is to turn to informal or unbanked customers.

The goal is not to compete with the banks What part of your business does mobile money represent? I am not going to give you specific statistics because of confidentiality. What I can say is that there has been significant growth in revenue tied to mobile money over the past year […]. We have more than 12,000 mobile-money agents who have an active account […]. We have 10 million clients and today they have 3.6 million mobile-money wallets. What I can say is that we estimate that, [measured] over a three-month period, we are on equal footing with our principal competitor in the market [Orange Cameroon]. There have been some recent polemicsaboutthemanagement of the sector, and the telecommunications ministry said it is going to look at mobile-money

“We are doing what the banks have not yet done, which is to turn to unbanked customers” regulations again. Do you expect any changes? I think journalists are the ones launching the polemics to sell papers. […] The regulations are firm and clear and spell out what transactions are allowed. The client can make deposits, withdrawals, payments and transfers from one client to another. And all of those transactions are done under the supervision of the mobile firm’s banking partner. At this level, there are absolutely

no regulatory problems. So when we see in the papers or hear in the streets that we are doing an unregulated activity, it is not true. Orange Cameroon has introduced a Visa card for its mobilemoney clients. Are you thinking of similar innovations? With a local bank we are introducing a solution that allows for withdrawals without a card. You can go to any cash point and withdraw money by validating it with your mobile phone. Today we are usingmobilephonestomakesome payments at petrol stations and we are doing something similar as a pilotforsomeshops. Wewouldlike to embrace the broader spectrum of financial services […]. In terms of usage, topping up your account is one of the principal uses of the mobile wallet in Cameroon. That is followed in terms of popularity by money transfers and payments for goods and services. In more developed mobilemoney markets, accounts are being used to build up credit profiles and offer services like loans. Is that possible in Cameroon? We can’t exclude investigating such services in the future. Some of our operations provide such services […] but always in partnership with financial institutions. In East or West Africa, regulations are less restrictive, and mobile operators are allowed to emit mobile money themselves. Interview by Reinnier Kazé in Douala and Marshall Van Valen

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Transforming agriculture from grass roots to ingredients

From rice farming in Nigeria to cocoa and cashews in Côte d’Ivoire, Olam has been committed to Africa for nearly 30 years. We have invested S$1.89 billion and built a network of 2.5 million smallholders across 25 countries who supply us with products like cotton, sesame and coffee. Our 31 processing sites are spread across the continent and allow us to transform our crops into key ingredients used in both local and international products. We provide commercial bakers with flour and have our own well-known food brands such as Tasty Tom, Royal Aroma rice, King Crackers, Mama Gold, BUA pasta and Dona palm oil. 21,000 direct employees and 26,000 seasonal contract workers help us to deliver our goals. They are the catalyst for our success and keep us believing in Africa’s potential.

Olam – born in Africa, believing in Africa. @Olam @olam_international olamgroup.com

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In Douala, distribution company Eneo is piloting a programme for the use of prepayment meters

infrastructure “is no longer able to perform adequately during the dry season.” It produces about two-thirds of its 72MW production capacity during that time of the year. The government says that it is looking to raise 100bn CFA francs ($170.7m) to rehabilitate the dam. PLANS FOR SOLAR

NICOLAS EYIDI FOR JA

Plans are underway to boost production in the north. Backed with a 182bn CFA franc loan from the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, a new 75MW dam is being built in Warak. Eneo plans to add an additional 10MW to the grid with a thermal power plant in Maroua that should be operational in July and is developing 35MW of solar ELECTRICITY capacity that should come online by 2019. An Eneo spokesman tells The Africa Report: “In the Grand Nord, solar is a good opportunity to improve supply in the face of droughts that hurt Weak investment, ageing infrastructure and hydroelectric production.” a reliance on hydropower have contributed to recent Anarchic installations are a problem across the country, and in 2016, Eneo power cuts, but new projects are on the horizon had to repair and replace some 67,000 electricity poles. The company says that t is very hard to live without light,” Currently, electricity provision fraudulent connections to the grid lead to problems are the most pronounced in losses of “more than 30bn CFA francs per explains Oumarou, who lives in the town of Mozogo in the Extrêmeyear”. Collecting debts is also a challenge, northern Cameroon, and there are also serious deficits in the south. During especially with state-owned companies Nord Region. For a year, the inhabitants and the government administrations. the dry season – from December to of this isolated area did not have electricEneo is now piloting a programme ity due to the toppling of some electricity July – weak rains mean that there are poles in April 2016. “We were cut off from called Smart Eneo in Douala for the lower levels of hydroelectricity prouse of prepayment meters. the world – no radio, no television,” says duction. Until May, every Oumarou after electricity was restored Eneo bought distribution household in the north about two months ago. concession from the USexperienced an average While Cameroon is estimated to have of three load-shedding cuts based AES in 2014 and per week. “We suffered a sub-Saharan Africa's second-largest pothe following year agreed lot because of this situatential for hydropower, it still struggles to a 900bn CFA programme for the sector to cover 2015 provide electricity due to a lack of investtion. I am very far behind to 2031. The company is ment and the age of some existing plants in my work,” explains Joël, and other infrastructure. According to now in talks to extend its a resident of Maroua in the official statistics, electricity coverage is Extrême-Nord Region. concession, which is set to In early June, electricexpire in 2021. about 53.7% of the population. And that Estimated investments In the meantime, the figure hides a number of disparities, as ity distribution company required to ensure that the Agence de Régulation du Secteur de Eneo – which is owned population is waiting for 75% of Cameroon’s l'Electricité (ARSEL) says that only 5% by UK-based investor population have access new projects to deliver. The to electricity by 2023. of rural areas have access to the grid. 200MW Memve'ele dam Actis – announced that in southern Cameroon As of 2016, the country had about a it would be reducing the dozen large and medium-sized generis due to come online before the end planned cuts to once per week. Later ation plants and about 20 smaller ones, of the year. Construction of the €1bn in the month, it said that interruptions with a combined capacity of 1,292MW. to supplies had ended, at least until the ($1.1bn) 420MW Nachtigal dam is due next dry season. to commence in late 2017 or early 2018 To reach a level of 75% access to electricity, the country needs 3,000MW. That Households in the north are linked with the backing of Electricité de France, is the government's target for 2023, rethe World Bank and the government. to a 35-year-old dam in Lagdo. Eneo Reinnier Kazé in Yaoundé quiring investments estimated at $6.3bn. tells The Africa Report that this old

Trying to keep the lights on

“

SOURCE: ARSEL

$6.3bn

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PEOPLE TO WATCH

Young Cameroonians make their mark A veteran president doesn’t stop the youthful energy of Cameroon’s new faces in the worlds of music, tech, sport and even politics Marshall Van Valen MUSIC

FOOTBALL

PA IMAGES/ICON SPORT

Christian Bassogog A rising star The 21-year-old attacking midfielder was named best player in the 2017 Africa Cup of Nations (ACN) won by Cameroon in February. Until then, he had been playing for Danish club AaB Fodbold. He parlayed his ACN success into a move to the Chinese Super League team Henan Jianye and plans to up his skill levels amidst higher competition. He began his career in the US in 2015.

TECH

Olivier Madiba Sharing the wealth of knowledge The founder of Kiro’o Games wants to share his start-up success with other entrepreneurs. With money transfer company Express Union he launched Kiro’o Rebuntu in June to train start-ups in how to raise money – with the goal of helping 100,000.

The 27-year-old singer’s latest hit ‘Calée’, a song about falling in love, has recorded more than 2.5m hits on YouTube since it was first released in March. It became the number one video on music channel Trace Urban in June. Daphne (the name she performs under) says she was driven to write the song because women often find it difficult to express their feelings to men. Daphné launched a first mini album called Reflection in 2015 and is part of a bigger wave of Anglophone Cameroonian artists hitting the big time on the pop music scene. Born in Cameroon’s South West Province, Daphne is a student of psychology at the University of Buea. She told local media that her strategy is “work hard and play hard”.

SAMI HEISKANEN

Daphne Njie Work hard and play hard

POLITICS

Serge Espoir Matomba Early out of the gate As a municipal councillor in Douala, Matomba is critical of the regime’s governance. The young leader is one of the first politicians to make his intentions clear for the presidential race of 2018. His chances of winning are slim, as the dominant RDPC is gearing up for 84-year-old President Paul Biya to run again, but Matomba is making a bigger name for himself in local and national politics through the Peuple Uni pour la Rénovation Sociale.

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Experience the Progress.

www.liebherr.com info.lex@liebherr.com www.facebook.com/LiebherrConstruction

56 COUNTRY FOCUS | CAMEROON

CEMENT

Ready, get set, go regional

Cement producers are in intense competition as Cameroon becomes a growing base for companies looking to access landlocked neighbours

Dangote Cement went from zero to 50% market share in Cameroon in just one year, with its Douala plant

to build a 1m-tonne plant in Douala, where most of the other plants operate. If all of the projects come to fruition, Camerooncouldbeproducing9mtonnes perannuminafewyears’timeandexportingtoneighbouringcountriessuchasChad and the Central African Republic. That would be a big boost for regional trade, as the CEMAC lags behind other African regionalorganisations,withintra-regional trade accounting for less than 2% of total trade. Businesses have long complained that weak infrastructure and a lack of intergovernmental cooperation have held back trade between Central African countries.Cementpricesaremuchhigher in landlocked Central African countries Annual production capacity of Cameroon’s main cement producers (million tonnes)

1.6

Cimencam SOURCE: CAMEROON MINES MINISTRY

ameroon’sgeographyanditsrole intheCommunautéEconomique et Monétaire de l’Afrique Centrale (CEMAC) are benefiting the country’s cement sector. It has been attracting new commitments which could help turn the country into a sizeable exporter within the next two years. This could also be a boon for Cameroonian consumers, although the end of LafargeHolcimowned Cimencam’s monopoly a few years ago has not led to a significant drop in retail prices. Cement firms have been taking advantage of a 2013 law on private investment that includes tax and other exemptions during the set-up and operational periods. After severe cement shortages were recorded in 2008, the government has been looking to strengthen local production and diversify investors in the sector. In the past three years, three new cement plants have opened in Cameroon. Moroccan-owned Ciments d’Afrique (Cimaf ) got started in early 2014, while Nigeria’s Dangote Cement began operations in April 2015 and Turkish-Cameroonian joint venture Medcem followed in June 2015. All of Cameroon’s four main producers have plans to expand their production in the coming years. Cimencam, which has operated in the country since 1963, began construction of a plant with the capacity to produce 500,000tn per annum at Nomayos, outside of Yaoundé, in March of this year. Cimaf Cameroun, owned by Moroccan construction company Addoha, is set to triple its production capacity of 500,0000tn per year by 2018. Market leader Dangote Cement Cameroon is working on a new plant in Yaoundé (see interview). And finally, Turkish-backed Medcem is working on increasing the capacity of its plant from 600,000tn to 1m tonnes. Newcomer Mira Cement is also talking up its plans

1.5

Dangote

Medcem

Cimaf

0.6

0.5

like Chad, where a 50kg sack of cement sold for 11,000 CFA francs ($18.8) in 2016. AsCameroonhasnocommerciallimestone mines to provide an important raw material – clinker – cement producers have to import it. And as the government is struggling to raise revenue amidst lower commodity prices and the fight against the Boko Haram Islamist militants, Yaoundé has decided to double duties on clinker imports to 10% this year. HIGHER TAXES, HIGHER PRICES

Companies say that moves like these will keep prices higher for consumers. Cimaf chief executive Abdeladim Arnous told local media in June: “Investors in Cameroon are between a rock and a hard place. You have to pay more taxes, you have to pay more customs duties, you have to drop prices. It is an extremely complex equation.” Prices tend to fluctuate, and a 50kg sack of Cimencap CPJ35 cement was selling for 4,200 CFA francs ($7.17) in Douala in June, representing a 200 CFA franc rise on recent prices. For about a decade, the government has been looking for a developer for the limestone depositat Mintom, in southern Cameroon. It has estimated reserves of 540m cubic metres, and the mines ministry says that the company Cageme

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Paavo Wiro

Country manager, Dangote Cement Cameroon

REINNIER KAZÉ FOR TAR

“The hardest part is to have the land”

has the exploration rights to the property. Industry sources say that much of the limestone is covered in water, making the launch of operations complicated. If more studies show that production is feasible, it would lead to lower prices for locally produced cement. President Paul Biya’s government has gradually been pushing the development of grands projets like dams, stadiums for the 2019 Africa Cup of Nations football tournament and social housing projects, which should be a boon for the construction sector. Dangote Cement Cameroon country manager Paavo Wiro tells The Africa Report: “The country has a lot of projects but they have been very, very late becausesomeprojectshavebeendelayed seven or 10 years. And now it is coming out progressively, so that is very good.” While the government estimates that construction will contribute 0.4% to economic growth for each of the next three years due to an uptick in activity, finding responsible companies continues to be difficult. In 2016, the public works ministry blacklisted 122 firms from bidding for government contracts for two years because of their failure to respect contractual details. Reinnier Kazé in Douala and Marshall Van Valen

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TAR: What challenges have you In this country, it is very tricky. For faced in setting up? the same land, you have maybe three The installation here started in 2012 or four official owners […]. With these as a construction project, and because delays, we could be operational in late of difficulties with the soil we had to 2018. Our competitors – or, as we say, build pillars and it took us some more our colleagues – are planning their own time. In April 2015, the construction expansions, and in two years’ time was officially finished. […] We started we could be having 7m tonnes or more. production progressively but went very The market is not growing so fast quickly. We started with a 0% market and we think it could be something like share and in April 2016 we overpassed 5-8% per year. The 1.5m tonnes is a 50% of the market share in the country. theoretical capacity and I would say we Our competitor, Lafarge, which has a are producing and selling 1.3m tonnes. very good brand name, has been here for 50 years as a monopoly but now Cement producers have to import they have about 30%. raw materials, there is an energy We have a capacity of 1.5m tonnes deficit and the market is already per annum […]. Today we have more saturated, so what is the strategy or less 700 people here and I of companies seeking to boost am very proud to say they are 99% production? Cameroonians. If you take the cement We have started to export already. plant plus the jetty, it is an investment We have built one warehouse on the of more than $200m. We have the border areas and we will have maybe most modern machines, which are a couple of others. We have already German ones and they are not so very opened a couple of markets cheap. Our market share is floating in neighbouring countries. between 47-50%, and we are only “We have more or less 700 making one product. people here and I’m proud With the four to say 99% are Cameroonians” producers, we have about 4m tonnes of capacity. We asked the government What is your client base like? to stop imports of cement in January Today, we have three distribution 2016 and now we are self-sufficient channels. The main one is the in cement production. wholesalers. We are a young company The market is not so huge […] and have not had time to develop […] we say the realistic number is 2.8m and they represent 80% of sales. tonnes with maybe 200,000tn of The other channel is the constructors, flexibility for government projects. the project guys. We were handicapped So it means we have 1m tonnes before because we did not have bulk of overcapacity already. So that trucks. We have 200 of our own trucks is not enough because we are here that were imported from Nigeria, planning to open our new cement representing 20% of all the distribution plant in Yaoundé with more or less we are making. And now we have our the same capacity, maybe 1m tonnes. first 10 bulk trucks. The third channel is the export channel, and we started that How advanced is the Yaoundé three weeks ago. […] The ideal situation project? would be 55-60% distributors and the It started about a year ago. But the rest split by constructors and export. hardest part is to have officially the land Interview by Reinnier Kazé in Douala and Marshall Van Valen and to know who are the land owners.

LABORATOIRES BIOPHARMA

A COSMETICS GIANT IN AFRICA Sub-Saharan Africa is increasingly becoming an economic bonanza for the cosmetics market. Recent indicators record growth of between 8% and 10%, well above the 4% trend for the worldwide sector as a whole. This presents a real opportunity for local industries to deploy a strategy aimed at entering and conquering this market. One of these is Laboratoires Biopharma, the ambitious Cameroonian company based in Douala and which, for more than 15 years, has been mapping out its route towards becoming the African giant.

A CORE BUSINESS: BEAUTY Biopharma distinguishes itself today through the quality of the products it provides to an ever more loyal clientele. It boasts a portfolio of three baby product brands, along with twenty other ranges, produced to international standards and adapted to the needs of all its consumers. With constantly renewed passion, as well as a real desire to revolutionise the world of beauty in Africa, Laboratoires Biopharma has chosen to make innovation the focus of its development strategy.

THE INNOVATION PACT Throughout all these years of continuous improvement, the company has focused on research in order to better understand market needs and provide a suitable solution. The result is diversified products, sustained investment and multidisciplinary teams working to improve a product range positioned to be the best in terms of satisfaction and performance. Innovation is the key to success in this process, demanding an approach that keeps the company one step ahead of the competition. Laboratoires Biopharma has some surprises in the pipeline, with increasingly enriched products and original formulations.

THE AFRICAN CHALLENGE Laboratoires Biopharma has an extensive and rapidly growing presence across Africa. Its top brands, such as Balneo, Biopur, Talangai and Moby BĂŠbĂŠ are distributed in several countries throughout Central, Southern and West Africa and have become household products used daily in some 20 countries on the continent. And the adventure continues...

COVERED AREAS

+15

years of existence

AREAS TO BE COVERED BY 2020

50%

coverage of the continent

+20

Top Brands

GROWTH OF LABORATOIRES BIOPHARMA Founded in 2001, this company has over 350 employees to date. It has won numerous awards and acquired distinctions. This international recognition has contributed to strengthening its renown.

2001

FOUNDING OF LABORATOIRES BIOPHARMA

Objective: Offer all Cameroonians affordable, quality beauty products

2005

WINNER OF THE GRAND PRIX FOR BEST COMPANY AND SME/SMI

Entered Ivorian and Gabonese markets

Acquired first packaging machinery

2007

LAUNCH OF MOBY BEBE, THE FIRST BABYCARE RANGE

Acquired plastics production plant for packaging

2009

WINNER OF THE GRAND PRIX FOR BEST COSMETICS INDUSTRY IN CENTRAL AFRICA

2010

WINNER OF THE PRIQUA GOLD OSCAR FOR THE COSMETICS INDUSTRY

Entered Nigerian and Congolese Markets

ADVERTORIAL

Mr. Francis Nana Djomou,CEO, LES LABORATOIRES BIOPHARMA Today, with Biopharma’s success, you are planning to strengthen your presence abroad. What is your plan? As an entrepreneur, I can’t set a limit at this time, when I’m planning to expand my company’s scale of impact. It is open to new horizons, to entering new markets... Having maintained the motivation that has inspired us over the past 15 years – that of being able to offer all Africans excellent quality products specifically dedicated to their skins –we are currently focusing on making them accessible to everyone’s budgets. We need to get a foot into the niche markets we have explored. This can only be achieved by building production units in high potential countries such as Nigeria, Angola or Côte d’Ivoire, countries that offer real opportunities for growth that we must embrace fully. What are your tools for this expansion operation? I have always believed that our strength lies in our vision of improvement, which is supported by our many commitments to going higher and further. With 15 years of continuous development in the field of cosme-

tics, our solid experience in this business is built on our knowledge of the markets and a perfect mastering of our environment. This strength is bolstered by quality human resources, illustrated by a team of young, dynamic and enthusiastic employees in whom I aim to foster a sense of fulfillment through a managerial strategy based on merit, fairness and excellence. What is this emphasis on innovation all about? It is important to note that this is the pillar of our industrial master plan. Currently, in Douala, we have production plants with high operating capacity. Our Research & Development department, which guarantees the efficiency of production in terms of process and formulation innovation, also ensures a constant monitoring of the sector, in order to remain at the forefront of biotechnological breakthroughs, which in turn allows us to differentiate our offer and create more value for the consumer. Added to this is a skilled workforce that has continuous training in new maintenance and quality control techniques. The industrial and logistical organisation of these innovation-based plants greatly increases the ability of our company to respond to the specific demands of the markets.

We would love to know more about the other aspects of your business expansion… The goal of our expansion across Africa makes absolute sense. Firstly, it’s an opportunity for Biopharma to immerse itself in the specifics of African countries other than Cameroon. Diversity and variety are an enormous source of wealth on which the company can capitalise. Then, when setting up abroad, we will use the local labour force to build the planned production plants, which represents a significant contribution to the economy of the host countries. There will also be sharing of experience and, in particular, skills transfer. Ideally, the footprint left by the consumer benefits will, in the long term, help us build a real African archetype in terms of the cosmetics industry. You seem to be so passionate about this international expansion. How far do you intend to go? Here I must refer to my first comments in this interview. We will not set any limits. Laboratoires Biopharma’s primary mission, as defined in the concept “The Soul of Black Beauty is Back” is to provide the most optimal solutions to the needs of black and dark skin. Of course, it is important to carry this expertise as far as our target requires us to and as far as our capabilities allow. Interview by Sophie Kumba in Douala

2014

LAUNCH OF BALNEO MOISTURISER RANGE FOR YOUNG SKINS

Objective: Reach young, dynamic executives and offer them suitable products

2015

FIRST EDITION OF THE MISS BIOPHARMA NATIONAL BEAUTY CONTEST

2017

NEW LABORATOIRES BIOPHARMA VISION “THE SOUL OF BLACK BEAUTY IS BACK”

www.laboratoires-biopharma.com

Family man The eldest in a struggling family of five, Mohamad Ali Mohamad left rural Tanzania for Zanzibar to make a life and a reputation for himself in the hotel industry

t the age of 20, after years of struggle growing up in a poor family in the Dodoma region of Tanzania, I decided that it was time for me to leave home to go make a life for myself elsewhere. At the time my parents had sep arated from each other and I had to help take care of my younger brother and three sisters. I used to sell things around the village, like food, in order to make some extra money because my family was very poor and as the eldest of five kids I felt it my duty to help out. Eventually I managed to save enough money for a bus that took me from my village to Dar es Salaam, and then got onto a boat to Zanzibar. At the time I knew no one in Zanzibar, but I was committed to fighting for a better life for myself. Once I got there I got a

job at a hotel in Kiwengwa, where I worked as a kitchen steward. The hours were long but I per severed. As the years progressed, my bosses noticed my potential and I was promoted to working in the restaurant as a waiter, then promoted again to working as a barman. I really enjoyed my job, especially meeting different people from places I have nev er been to. That is the best part of working in the hotel industry – you learn so much about the world from other people.

MY OWN HOTEL

At the moment I am operations manager at Zanzibar Hotel, where I hope one day to be promoted to being a manager. But my ul timate dream is to own and run a hotel of my own. I am deter mined to make my dream come

true because I will be able to look after my family. My brother also moved to Stone Town and he is also working in the hotel indus try, while my three sisters live in Dar es Salaam. I visit them once a year when I take my annual vacation from work. I am a very simple man. When I am not working, I am always at my place relaxing because I work hard. My working hours are from 8am to 9pm. And although Stone Town is a safe place, I also understand that some people are poor. One night when getting off a dala dala [a public bus] I was pick-pocketed by a group of guys who took some money and my cellphone. Besides a few scratches I was not hurt. I hope to one day have my own family, but right now I am content helping my siblings out where I can. Interview by Neo Maditla THE AFRICA REPORT

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