INTERNATIONAL AiVIATEUR ATHLETIC FEDERATION
ATHLETIC
RU E
FOR INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIONS AND
GENERAL RULES FOR OLYMPIC EVENTS
1926
INTRODUCTION LIST OF CONTENTS. Page
Introduction... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Athletic Rules for Men's international competitions in field and track events......... I Management of the Meeting (Rules 1·-16)......... ·II Rules for Competitions (Rules 17-27)............... III Jumping events (Rules 28-34) IV Throwing events (Rules 35-40) , V Races (Rules 41-50) .. , , VI Walking (Rule 51) , VII Combined competitions (Rules 52-:-53) , VIII Various events: Tug-OJ-war (Rule 54)...... IX Specifications for official Implements and apparatus (Rules 55-70) Athletic Rules for Women's international competitions in field and track events General Rules for Olympic events ." .. , , Index......
3 5 5 11 15 19 22 27 28 36 37 45 51 56
The old Athletic Rules were drawn tip at the Congress at Lyons, in 1914, and revised at the Congress at Geneva, in 1921. They were arranged in such a way that it was difficult to find the different rules concerning ·the various branches of sport. The Rules and Records Committee of our Federation, at its meetings at Scheveningen, Holland, the 30th of July - 5th of August 1926, therefore rearranged the rules and also altered some of them. These new rules were put before the Congress at the Hague in August 1926, and were adopted with some modifications. The new Athletic Rules are now published in English and distributed all over the world. They replace the old rules which from now are declared void. The new Rules will also as soon as possible be printed in the French and German languages. Copies of the Rules may be obtained at the office of the 1. A. A. F., Vesteras, Sweden. The Congress at the Hague, in Aug. 1926, decided that an office for World's Records be opened under the leadership of Mr. S. Stankovits, the Honorary Secretary of the Rules and Records Committee. The address of this office is: Mr. S. Stankovits, IV. Eskiiter 5, Budapest, Hungary. The members are requested to send all applications for World's Records to said office, where also blanks will be had upon request. This new edition also contains the rules for Women's athletic competitions, as far as they differ from the rules for men. They were drawn up at a meeting in Paris, Dec. 27th, 1926, by the technical committee for women's sports nominated at the Congress at the Hague. Vesteras, Sweden, January, 1927. J. S. EDSTROM President
YES TER.AS 1927 Vestmal1Iands AIIE;!handa Printing CO.
.HILDINQ KJELLMAN Hon. Secretary
ATHLETIC RU-LES FOR MEN'S INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIONS IN FIELD AND TRACK EVENTS
As accepted at the Congress of the Hague, August 1926.
I.
MANAGEMENT OF THE MEETING. RULE 1.
Officials (Optional). One Manager, One Referee, 4 or more Umpires (Inspectors), One Clerk of the Course, One Chief Field Judge, 3 or more Field Judges, .. 2 Scorers for Field Events, 6 or more Judges at Finish; One or more Judges of Walking, 3 or more Timekeepers, One Starter, One Scorer for Track Events, One or more Lap Scorers, One Official Surveyor, One Marshal, One Press Steward, One Field Doctor. If deemed necessary, as·sistants may be provided for the Manager of the Meeting, the Clerk of the Course, the Marshal and the Press Steward, and official Announcers may arso be appointed. .
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The Manager. The Manager shall have the control of the Meeting and be responsible' for the proper carrying out of the programme. He shall attentively follow the events going on and decide when a new¡ event shall begin. Before the beginning of a new competition he shall in due time inform the officials concerned and have the competitors who are entered in the event called out on the field. After. the finish of each event he shall, through his assistants, receive the results from the scorers. All announcements to the public, press, etc., shall be given by the Manager through the Official Announcer, Press Steward, loud speaker, etc. He shall have the right to take action against any competitor whose clothing should not conform to regulations. . The Manager shall control his assistants and assign to them such duties as he may deem proper. RULE 3:
The Referee. The Referee shall see that the Rules are observed. He shall decide all questions relating to the meeting, the final settlement of which not being otherwise covered by these rules. In the case of a difference between the judges he shall decide, and in case of improper conduct of a competitor he has the right of exclusion. Any protest or objection which has reference to the conduct of a competitor in the actual competition shall be decided by the Referee on the ground, and his decision shall be final. When, in any but the final heat of a¡ race, a claim of foul or interference is made, he shall have the power to disqualify the competitor who was at fault, if he considers the foul intentional or due to culpable carelessness, and shall also have the power to allow the hindered competitor to start in the next round of heats, just as if he had been placed in hi.s trial.
When, in a final heat, a claim of foul or interference is made, he shall have the power to disqualify the competitor who was at fault, if he considers the foul intentional or due to culpable careiessness, and he shall also have the power to order a new race between such of the competitors as he thinks entitled to such a privilege. RULE 4.
Umpires (Inspectors). It shall be the duty of an Umpire to stand at such point as the Referee may designate, to watch the competition closely, and in case of a foul or violation of the rules by a competitor or other person, to make a report to the Referee of the incident. Such Umpires are merely assistants of the Referee, to whom they shall report, but have no power to give any decisions. RULE 5.
The Clerk of the Course. The Clerk of the Course shall be provided with the names and the numbers of all entered, and he shall notify them to appear at the starting line before the start in each event in which they are entered. In all track events he shall draw for the competitors' respective stations and assign the starting place to each competitor and to each national group. He shall control his assistants and assign to them such duties as he may deem proper. RULE 6.
Field Judges. The Chief Field Judge shall see that all implements and equipments are in accordance with these rules and that the field events are conducted expeditiously. The Field Judges shall judge,¡ measure and record each trial of each competitor in all events, whose. record is of 4istance or height. Their decision as to the performance of each man shall be final. and without appeal..
8 RULE 7.
RULE 10..
,Scorers for Field Events.
Timekeepers.
The Scorers for Field Events, of whom one shall act in throwing events, the other in jumping events, shall be provided with the names and the numbers of all entered in their respective events. They shall receive the competitors at the start of each event in' which they act, and shall call over the names of the competitors. They shall record the order in which each competitor finished his event, together with the height or distance furnished them by the Field. Judges, and shall as soon as possible hand the results to the Manager.
Three Timekeepers shall time every event Incase two of their watches agree,and the third disagrees, the time marked the two shall be official time. If all watches disagree,' the tIme marked by the watch recording the middle time shall be the official time. If for any reason only two watches record the time of an event, and they fail to agree, the longest time of the two shall be accepted as the official time. Time shall be taken from the flash of the pistol. Electric timing may be allowed, but only in addition to individual timing, and no record can be accepted with electric timing only.
RULE 8.
Note.-The Congress of the Hague, 1926, has decided the abolition of timing in Ihoth of a second and the maintenance of timing in ljsth of a second only.
Judges at Finish. The Judges at Finish shall deCide the order in which the competitors finish in the competition. In case of a disagreement, the majority shall decide. Their decision as to the order in which the men finish shall be final and without appeal. It is recommended that one Judge selects the first man to finish, one the first and second, one the second and third, and so on. Judges should be placed at least two metres from and in line with the finishing point, and it is recommended that an elevated stand be used for the purpose of the Judges in order to allow them to have a good view of the finishing line. (For apparatus, refer to Rule 68). RULE 9.
Judges of Walking. The Judge or Judges of Walking shall determine the fair- . ness or unfairness 6f walking in accordance with the walking . rules (see Rule 51), and any of them may caution and, after one caution, disqualify a competitor; they shall, however, immediately disqualify any competitor when walking unfairly during the last 400 metres or 440 yards of a race and their decisions shall be final and without appeal.
RULE II. The Starter. All questions concerning the start shall be decided by the Starter. . . ' . The Starter shall have entire control of the competitors at marks, and shall be the sole judge of fact as to whether or not any man has gone over his mark. All races shall be started by the report of a pistol. At all international meetings, the words of the Starter, in his own mother tongue, shall be: "On your marks¡, "Ready". Then the report of the pistol after a pause of about two seconds. When any part of the body of the competitor shall touch the ground in front of his mark before the starting signal is given, it shall be considere'd a false start. . .. . The starter must warn the offender or offenders and shall . , except in the Pentathlon and Decathlon, disqualify at the second false start.
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10,
Rocking starts are forbidden, i.e. the whole body of the competitor must be quite, steady and motionless at the report of the pistol. If, in' the opinion of the Starter, the start has not been a fair one, he must recall the competitors by a second shot. , Should the starter have to warn the competitors on any point, he shall order the competitors to "Stand up". ,
RULE ]6.
The Press'Steward. ¡ The Press shall ob'tain from the Manager of the games the names of all starters in each event, the names of all point winners, and the times or distances of, each winning or record performance, and ,l<eep the Press thoroughly informed of all doings of the Meeting. '
RULE 12.
, The Scorer for Track Events. The Scorer. for Track events shall be p'rovided with the names' and the numbers of all entered in track events. He ,shall receive the competitors at the starting line, and he shall there call over the names of the competitors. He shall record the order in which each competitor finished his event, together with the, time furnished him by the Timekeepers, and shall as soon as possible keep the results at the disposal of the Manager. RULE 13.
Lap Scorers.' The Lap Scorers shall keep a tally of the laps made by each competitor in races covering more than one lap, and shall announce by means of a bell, or otherWIse, when the leading man enters the, last lap. RULE 14.,
II. .RULES FOR COMPETITIONS. .:-,': "I
RULE 17.
Entries.
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The various competitions are confineci exclqsiyely to amateurs. The amateur status of everycontpetitor mll'st be guaranteed by the Association that governs in 'the wb.ich the competitor has entered, according to the definition of the International Al)1ateur Athletic Fedep:ItiQlJ, and he shall not be permitted to compete in any foreign country unless he' holds such guarantee and has permissIon to .in any. particular event. This guarantee J;ntries must be made in duplicate, properly typed or printed. RULE 18.
The Official Surveyor.
,Heats and groups.
The Official Surveyor shall survey tl;1e track and all courses for the distances which are to be contested and furnish a statement of same to the Authorities conducting the Meeting or Referee before the games.
Preliminary trials shall ' be held in' every event in which the number of competitors: is too large to allow the competition to be conducted satisfactorily in a single round. The heats and groups shall be arranged by the Committee .conducting the Meeting, arid the representatives of each nation shall be placed as often as possible indifferent heats or groups. The final round' shil11- pot begin earlier¡tl;1an .:30 minutes after the last trial of the last ¡heat or group. . If possible, at least six cOrppetitofs shall start in the final .round. ..'
,I.
RULE 15.' i
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The'Milrshal. The Marshal shall have' fhll'police charge of the enclosure and shall prevent any bur offiCi?is and actual competitors from entering or remaining therein: He shall control his assistants and assign to them their duties.
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12 In races up to and including 400 metres or 440 yards, the first and second in each heat should qualify for the next round, and in longer races at least the first and second should qualify ' for the next round. RULE 19.
The Competition. Every competitor shall be supplied with and must wear on the breast during competition a distinctive number corresponding to his number on the programme. In races not exceeding 300 metres duplicate nU1pbers shall be provided and worn, one on the breast, and one on the back. Any competitor wilfully jostling, or running across, or obstructing another competitor so as to' impede his progress, 'or¡ evidently competing to lose, shall forfeit his right to 1:?e in the competition, and shall not be awarded any position or prize that he would otherwise have been entitled to. " No competitor shall be allowed to rejoin a race after the track, either for the purpose of gaining a place or to pace or assist another competitor. The officials shall have the power to change the place of the competition in any field event if in their opinion the conditions warrant the same. RULE 20.
Clothing. Competitors shall be reqUired to wear shorts or trunks reaching to within four inches of the knee, and the clothing must be clean and so designed and worn as not to make an indecent display of the competitor's person. RULE 21.
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Starting Order.
The Authorities conducting the Meeting shall draw for the order of the competitors in each event, and the names, of the competitors shall be printed in the programme in this order,' in heats and groups.
In all field events the competitors, shall make their trials in the order of their names as printed in the programme. In the event of a competitor being entered in both a field event and a track event which take place at one and the same time, the field officials shall allow the competitor to make his trials in another order than that of the programme. In all track competitions competitors shall draw for their -respective stations. The competitor with number one shall take the inside station, with number two next, and so on. In track competitions of 3,OCO metres and over, the best man of each nation shalt be placed in the first line, the other competitors being stationed in the rank corresponding with their effective worth. RULE 22.
Measurements. All measurements must be made with a steel tape, graduated in centimetres or in inches. In all throwing events and broad jumps that portion of the tape shOWing the covered distance must be held by the Official at the take-off or at the circle. ' RULE 23.
Attendants. No attendant or competitor who is not actually taking part in the race shall accompany any competitor on the mark or in the race, nor shall any competitor be allowed, without the permission of the Referee or Judges, to receive assistance or refreshment from anyone during the progress of a race, and in no case can assistance or' refreshments be given to any competitor in a race of less than 16 kilometres (l0 miles). RULE 24.
Ties. In all contests where results are determined by me(isurements of height or distance, ties for first and other places shall be decided as follows: .
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If two or more competitors tie at any height in the standing or the running high jump, and the pole vault, an additional trial at the height failed at shall be allowed, and if no result, the bar shall be lowered to the previous height cleared and one more trial allowed. The bar shall then be raised or lowered until the tie is decided. In case of a tie in any field event for distance, an additional trial shall be given to decide the ties. . In case of a tie in any field event, the subsequent performances only determine the relative position of those who are competing to decide the tie. In case of a dead heat in any track event, the competitors shall not be allowed to divide the prize or points, or to toss for them, but must compete again at a time and place appointed by the Referee. RULE 25.
Protests. Verbal protests may be made before or at the meeting; but such protest must be made in writing and duly presented and accompanied by a deposit of ÂŁ 1 or its equivalent, before action thereon. Such deposit shall be forfeited at the discretion of the person or body deciding the protest. RULE 26.
World's Records. No record shall be accepted unless made outdoor and timed by at least three official Timekeepers and, in field events, measured with a steel tape by at least three Field Judges. The Rules and Records Committee of the LA.A.F. shall investigate every performance to which their attention is called and shall be empowered, in their discretion, to reject any record which shall not be supported by the affidavits of at least six officials certifying as to the place, time of day, state of weather, condition of path or field, force and direction of wind, level or grade of grounds, weight, measurement and material of implements, and correctness of announced time or distance. Each member of the Federation shall keep a list of the best records made in its particular country. The world's be'st
records, however, can only be accepted by the Congress of the International Amateur Athletic Federation. . Records¡ claimed for events made with implements which do not comply with the specifications adopted by the International Amateur Athletic Federation will not be allowed. A record can only be made in a bona fide competition, either scratch or handicap, which has been duly fixed and advertised before the day, and is included in the printed programme, together with the names of the entrants for the events. A result obtained in deciding a tie cannot be accepted as a world's record. In a race of a certain length, the competitors who might . wish to try making a record over a shorter distance shall be allowed to do so, on condition, however,that such attempt is made in perfect accordance with the stipulations of this rule and that the attempt is controlled by special timekeepers and judges. It is not allowed to attempt a record for a longer distance than announced in the programme. All applications for world's records must be made on the official form of the LA.A.F. RULE 27.
Official Athletic Implements. In all international competitions and in all record attempts under the sanction of the International Amateur Athletic Federation, the implements used must comply with the specifications for official implements adopted by the International Amateur Athletic Federation. These specifications are stated in the Rules 55-70. Each member of the Federation must stamp the implements approved of in its country with an agreed stamp which shall be registered with the Federation.
III.
JUMPING EVENTS. -RULE 28.
Jumping events in general. In the Running and the Standing High Jump and in the Pole Vault three jumps shall be allowed at each height, and
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a failure at the third attempt shall forfeit the right to compete further. A competitor may commence at any height above the minimum height. He must,' however, jump at every folloWing height until he has forfeited his right to compete further, except in the Decathlon competitions. In the Broad Jumps and in the Hop, Step and Jump each competitor shall be allowed three jumps and the six best shall be allowed three more jumps. In all jumping events each competitor shall be credited with the best of all his jumps, subject to conditions relating to ties. The employment of weights or grips of any kind (grips of cork included) is forbidden. . The take-off ground about the jump must be level. A competitor may place marks for his take-off and a handkerchief on the cross-bar for sighting purposes. RULE 29.
Running High Jump. The competition shall start at a height of 160 centimetres, and the bar shall be raised as the judges may decide. A fair jump is one where the head of the contestant does not go over the bar before the feet and is not below the buttocks in clearing the bar. Neither diving nor somersaulting over the bar shall be permitted. As soon as a competitor makes a spring in order to jump, . this shall be counted as a trial jump. When a competitor jumping to the side or going beneath the' bar surpasses the perpendicular plane, this shall be counted as a failure trial. All measurements shall be made perpendicularly from the ground to the upper side of the bar where it is lowest. The uprights shall not be moved during the competition unless the judges consider the take-off has become unsuitable. Such change shall be made only after a round has been completed. The uprights shall be at least 3.66 metres (12 feet) apart. (For apparatus, refer to Rule 55.)
RULE 30.
Standing High Jump. The competition. shall start with the bar at a height of 120 centimetres. The feet of the competitor may be placed in any position, but shall leave the ground only once in making an attempt to jump. When the feet are lifted from the ground twice, or two springs are made in making the attempt, it shall count as onl': . trial jump without result. A competitor may rock forward and backward, lifting heels and toes alternately from the ground, but he may not lift either foot clear from the ground or slide it along in any direction on the ground. With these additions, the rules are similar to those for the Running High Jump. (For apparatus, refer to Rule 55.) RULE 31.
Pole Vault. The competition shall start at a height of 3 metres, and the bar shall be elevated as the judges shall decide. Any competitor shall be allowed to dig a hole not more than 30 centimetres (one foot) in diameter at the take-off, in which to plant his pole. A wooden box or stop-board sunk in the ground shall be allowed. A competitor must not, at the moment that he makes a jump, or after leaving the ground, place his lower hand above the upper one or move the upper hand higher up on the pole. H a competitor clears the bar, but in doing so the pole should remove the same, it shall be considered as a failed try. As soon as a competitor has left the ground for the purpose of making a jump, this shall be counted as a trial jump. When a competitor jumping to the side or going beneath the bar passes the perpendicular plane, this shall be counted as a failure trial. No attendant should be allowed to touch the pole unless it is falling away from the bar or uprights.
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Competitors may use their own poles. These may have a binding, but must not have any further support for the hands. No competitors shall be allowed to use any of the private poles except. with the consent of their owners. All measurements shall be made perpendicularly from the ground to the upper side of the bar where it is lowest. If the uprights are moved, they shall not be moved more than 60 centimetres (two feet) in any direction, and not more than one hole may be made. If the uprights are moved, the Field Judges should make a remeasurement, because if there is any inequality in the ground at all, changing the uprights may make a difference . varying from a quarter of an inch to one inch, and a competitor should not be allowed to obtain an advantage in that way. Th.e uprights shall be at least 3.66 metres (12 feet) apart. In the Pole Vault if in making a trial the competitor's pole is broken, it shall not count as a trial. (For apparatus and implement, refer to Rules 55 and 56.)
RULE 33.
.Standing Broad Jump. See rules for the Standing High Jump, as well as, where applicable, for the Running Broad Jump. RULE 34.
Hop, Step and Jump. The competitor shall first land upon the same foot with which he shall have taken off, the reverse foot shall be used for the second landing, and both feet shall be used for the third landing. In all other respects, the rules for the Running Broad Jump shall govern. (For apparatus, refer to Rule 57.)
IV.
THROWING EVENTS. RULE 35.
RULE 32.
Throwing events in ge.neral.
Running Broad Jump.
In all throWing events, each competitor shall have three trials, and the best six shall have three more. Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all his throws. In all throwing events from a circle it shall be a foul throw if the competitor, after he has stepped into the circle and started to make the throw, touches with any part of his body or clothing or the implement the ground outside the circle or if he steps on the circle. The competitor must not leave the circle until the implement has touched the ground, and he shall then from a standing position leave the circle from the rear half which shall be indicated by a chalk line extended outside the circle. The circle shall be measured from the inside and shall be flush with the ground outside the circle. The earth or clay in the circle to be packed hard and firm and 2 centimetres (314 inch) lower than outside the circle. All throws from a circle, to be fair, must fall within a sector of 90 degrees.
The length of the run is unlimited. If any competitor swerves aside at the take-off line, or the line extended, or touches the ground in front of the takeoff joist with any part of his foot, such jump shall not be measured, but it shall be counted against the competitor as one jump. The take-off shall be from a joist flush with the ground, the outer edge of which shall be called the scratch line. In front of the scratch line, over a width of 10 centimetres (4 inches), the ground shall be sprinkled with soft earth or sand to make it 6 millimetres Cf4 inch) higher than the take-off joist. The measurement of the jumps shall be made at right angles to the nearest break in the ground made by any part of the body of the competitor. The excavation shall have a minimum width of 2 metres 75 centimetres (3 yards). (For apparatus, refer to Rule 57.)
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20 In the javelin, discus and hammer competitions a distinctive flag shall be provided with which to mark the throws of each competitor, and a special flag to mark the existing world's record.
RULE 36.
Javelin Throwing. The thrOWing shall take place from behind a scratch line, properly marked, which shall be a board 7 centimetres (2 3 / 4 inches) in width and at least 3.66 metres (12 feet) in length sunk flush with the ground. The javelin must be held at the grip. No throw shall be counted in which the point of the javelin does not strike the ground before any part of the shaft. The thrower must not place his foot or feet upon the board. In Javelin throWing the competitor must not cross the line until his throw has struck the ground. The throw is from the point at which the point of the javelin first strikes the ground to the scratch line or the scratch line produced.. In throWing the javelin, if the javelin breaks while in the air, it shall' not count as a trial, provided the throw was performed in accordance with the rules. Only 'javelins prOVided by the Committee in charge of the Meeting can be used. (For implement, refer to Rule 58.)
RULE 37.
Throwing the Discus. The discus shall be thrown from a circle 2.50 metres (8 feet, 2 /2 inches) in diameter. The measurements of each throw shall be made from the nearest mark made by the fall of the discus to the inside of the circumference of the circle along.a Hne from the mark made by the discus to the centre of the circle. (For implement and apparatus, refer to Rules 59, 64 and 1
66-67.)
RULE 38.
Putting the Shot. The put shall be madefrom a circle 2.135 metres (7 feet) in diameter. In the middle of the circumference, at the front half of the circle, shall be placed a stop-board firmly fastened in the ground.. The shot shall be put from the shoulder with one hand only, and it must never. be brought behind the shoulder. Foul puts and letting go the shot in making an attempt shall be counted as trial puts without results. The measurement of each put shall be taken a1 the circle from the nearest mark made' by the fall of the shot to the inside of the circumference of the circle along a line from the mark made by the shot to the centre of the circle. The use of a harness for the hand, composed of a leather strap around the wrist and small fingers from' the wrist across the palm of the hand around each finger shall not be permitted. No device of any kind which can be used as a support in aiding to put the shot shall be allowed. (For implement and apparatus, refer to Rules 60, 64-67.)
RULE 39.
Throwing the Heavy Weight. All throws shall be made from a circle 2.135 metres (7 feet) in diameter. In making his throw, the competitor may assume any position he chooses and use both hands. . Foul throws and letting go the weight in an attempt shall count as trial throws without result. The measurement of each throw shall be taken at the circle from the nearest mark made by the fall of any part of the weight or handle to the inside edge of the circumference of the circle along a line from' the mark to the centre of the circle. (For implement and apparatus, refer to Rules 61, 64 and
66-67.) 'RULE 40.
Throwing the Hammer. All throws shall be made from a circle 2.135 metres (7 feet) in diameter. .
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22 Foul throws and letting go of the hammer in an attempt shall count as a trial throw without result. The measurement of the throw shall be from the nearest . edge of the first mark made by the head of the hammer to the inside circumference of the circle along a line from such mark made by the hammer to the centre of circle. In hammer throwing, if the hammer breaks while in the air, it shall not be considered a throw, provided the throw was performed in accordance with the rules. .If the competitor hereby loses his equilibrium and commits a foul, it shall not count against him. (For implement and apparatus, refer to Rules 62-64 and 66-67.
V.
RACES. RULE 41.
Track. and Lanes. The running track shall be measured 30 centimetres (12 inches) outward from the inner edge of the track. There must be a border of board, rope, cement, or any other material. The inner border should not be more than 5 centimetres (2 inches) in height. In all races of a distance up to and including 400 metres or 440 yards, each competitor shall have a separate course of at least 1.22 metres (4 feet) properly measured, the entire course to be marked with 5 centimetres (2 inches) chalk lines. The inner lane shall be measured as stated above, the outer lanes 20 centimetres (8 inches) from their respective borders. The direction of the running shall be left hand inside. Each competitor shall keep in his respective position from start to finish in all races run in lanes. In all races he shall not cross in front of a competitor until he is 2 metres in advance of his nearest competitor. To conduct properly important International Meetings the track should permit of at least six lanes.
RULE 42. The Finish. The finishing line shall be a line on the ground drawn across the track from finish post to finish post and the competitors shall be placed in the order in which any part of their bodies (i. e. "torso", as distinguished from the head, arms, feet or hands) crosses such line. For the purpose . of aiding the judges, but not as a finishing line, there shall be stretched across the track at the finish, 1.22 metres (4 feet) above the ground, a worsted string which shall be fastened to the post at each side of the finishing line, at right angles to the course and parallel to the finishing line. No competitor shall be considered to have finished unless his entire body shall .have crossed the finishing line. (For apparatus, refer to Rule 68.)
RULE 43. IIO-metre Hurdle Race. On every course there shall be 10 hurdles, each hurdle 1.06 metres (3 feet 6 inches) high. The distance from the scratch mark to the first hurdle shall be 13.72 metres (15 yards), the remaining hurdles shall be¡ placed 9.14 metres (10 yards) apart, and the distance from the last hurdle to the winning post shall .be 14.02 metres (46 feet). The top of each hurdle shall be painted white. A competitor knocking down three or more hurdles or any portion of three¡ or more hurdles shall be disqualified. SWinging hurdles to be considered as knocked down. In making a record it shall be necessary for the competitor . to jump over every hurdle in its ploper position and no record shall be allowed unless all the¡ hurdles remain standing after the competitor clears them.. A competitor who trails his leg or foot alongside any hurdle shall be disqualified. Each competitor shall have his own lane of hurdles and shall keep to that lane throughout the race. (For apparatus, refer to Rule 69.)
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24 RULE 44. 200-metre (220-yards) Hurdle Race. In the 200-metre Hurdle Race there shall be 10 flights of hurdles, each hurdle to be 76.2 centimetres (2 feet, 6 inches) in height. The first hurdle shall be placed 18.29 metres (20 yards) distant from the scratch mark; the remaining hurdles shall be placed 18.29 metres (20 yards) apart, and the distance from the last hurdle to the winning post shall be 17.10 metres (20 yards). In all other respects the rule for the 1I0-metre Hurdle shall apply. (For apparatus, refer to Rule 69.) . RULE 45. 400-metre Hurdle Race. In the 400-metre Hurdle Race there shall be 10 flights of hurdles, each hurdle to be 91.4 centimetres (3 feet) in height. The first hurdle shall be placed 45 metres (49.213 yards) from the scratch mark, the remaining hurdles shall be placed 35 metres (38,277 yards) apart, and the distance from the last hurdle to the winning post shall be 40 metres (43.745 yards). In all other respects. the rule for the 110-metre Hurdle . shall apply. (For apparatus, refer to Rule 69.) RULE 46. Relay Races. A line shall be drawn 10 metres on each side of the starting line of each relay to be known as the starting zone. Both runners must be within this zone when passing the baton. No member of a relay team, in order to relieve one of his team, can' run outside of such zone. The baton must be passed (not thrown or dropped) by a competitor' and taken by the one succeeding hirn. Violation of any of these rules by any competitor shall disqualify the team. The baton must be carried throughout the entire distance of the race. No competitor can run two in any team.
The composition of the team must not be changed after a trial heat has been run. The position of the teams must be drawn for. All teams entered in relay races shall be lettered, commencing with the letter A. When relay races up to and including 400 metres or 440 yards are contested on a circular path, each CCimpetitor must have a separate lane and each lane shall' be full distance. . (For implement, refer to Rule 70). RULE 47. Team Race. Track team races may¡ be divided into trial heats and a final race, if necessary. In track team races the maximum number of starters of a . team and the number of competitors whose positions are to .count shall be stated on the entry blank. The team scoring' the least number of points, according to the positions in which the. members of the team finish whose positions are to count, shall be the winner. Positions of other members of the team and positions of members of a team which does not finish at least the number whose positions are to count, shall not be counted. In case of a tie between two or more individual competitors finishing simultaneously, each of them shall score for his team a number of points obta.ined by dividing the total sum of their position numbers, reckoned as if they had, instead of being tied, finished regularly in a file, with the number of such competitors (thus, for instance, if two competitors finish tied .for second place, each of them shall score two and a half points). In case of a tie on points, the team whose individual member finished nearest to first place shall be the winner. The composition of a team must not be changed after a trial heat has been run and only competitors finishing the full distance are eligible to compete in the final. RULE 48. Steeple-chase Race. The hurdles shall not be more than 91.4 centimetres (3 feet) high, and a water-jump shall be included. Each com-
27
26 petitor must go over or through the water, and anyone who steps to one side or the other of the jump shall be disqualified. There shall be to each lap of 400 metres five jumps including a water jump. The hurdle at the water jump shall be firmly fixed; height 91.4 centimetres (3 feet). The water jump shall be 3.66 metres (12 feet) in width and length, the water being 76 centimetres (2 feet, 6 inches) in depth at the hurdle end and sloping to the level of field at the further end. The competitor must clear each jump, but may vault each obstacle.
RULE 49.
Cross-country Race.¡ The race shall be run on a bona fide cross-country course properly marked and surveyed. The start and finish may be within the athletic grounds. The cour?e must be marked preferably with red flags to the .left and white flags to the right, which must be observable from a distance of 125 metres. In all other respects the rules governing track competitions shall prevail.
RULE 50.
Marathon Race. (42,195 metres
= 26 miles 385 yards).
The Marathon Race shall be run on high roads. The start and finish may be on the athletic grounds. Each competitor must. send with his entry a medical cer.tificate, from a physician of standing, certifying to his fitness to take part in a race of this kind. No competitor;¡ either at the start or during the progress of the race, may take any so-called drugs on pain of immediate disqualification. A competitor must at once retire from the race if ordered to do so by a member of the medical staff, officially appointed.
VI.
WALKING.
RULE 51. Definition and Rules of Walking. Definition. - Walking¡ is a succession of steps, and in contradistinction to running (wherein both feet may be off the ground at the same time), in walking there must always be contact with the ground with some portion of one of the feet.
Rules. - In track races the following code of rules governing walking must be adhered to, or else disqualification will ensue: a) Leg Action. As the foremost f60t, in taking a step, touches the ground, the knee must not be bent. The heel must touch the ground first, and the toe to be the last portion of the foot to leave it. It is imperative that the heel of the foremost foot must touch the ground before the toe of the other foot ceases to have contact with it. b) Carriage of body. - The body must be kept strictly . upright. Note. - Discretionary power is given to the judge or judges of walking to decide whether, in the event of the body being inclined forward, such attitude is the result of fatigue, or arises from some cause beyond the control of the competitor;- and if it be and he or they are convinced that the rule has been broken for such reason only, and that the competitor is still walking fairly otherWise, disqualification need not necessarily follow from this cause alone. c) Carriage oj arms. - The arms may be held in any way the walker likes, but it is advised that they be carded well up. A disqualified competitor must at once leave the track. It is recommended that a system of signalling "caution" by white flag, and "disqualification" by red flag during a walking race be used as far as possible for the information of the officials of the sports, competitors, and spectators, but this is not compulsory.
28
29
VII.
The winner shall be the one who, on the completion of the 1,500 metres flat race, has obtained the lowest total points in the five competitions. Points are counted according to the result obtained. In case of a tie between two or more competitors in any. event, the competitors need not compete again, but each of them shall score a number of points obtained by diViding the total sum of their position numbers, reckoned as if they had, instead of being tied, finished one after another, with the number of such competitors (thus, for instance, if two competitors finish tied for second place, each of them shall score two and a half points.) If at the end of the competition one or more of the competitors obtain the same number of points, their respective positions shall be determined by the valuation of their result according to the Decathlon table, and for 200 metres according to a special 200 metre table (see p. 35).
COMBINED COMPETITIONS. .RULE 52. Pentathlon.
The competition comprises the following events: Running Broao Jump, Throwing the Javelin (best hand), 200 metres Flat Race, Throwing the Discus (best hand), and 1,500 metres Flat Race. The events follow in the above-mentioned order. Three trials are allowed in both jumping and throwing. . In the 200 metres flat race, groups of three men are formed by lot. If the number of runners is such that after the groups have been arranged one man is over to run alone, one man shall be drawn by lot from among the remaining competitols to run against him. The order of the competitors in this event¡ shall be decided on the basis of each contestant's time. If false starts occur in the 200 metres flat race, the competitor at fault will after the second false start be penalised by two metres for each false start above that number. . All compete in the first three events, in each of which the winner shall receive 1 point,' the second man 2 points, etc. The total points. of the competitors are counted, and the twelve best (i.e. those with the lowest number of points) shall qualify to compete in the Discus Throwing. If the counting of the points results in a tie for the twelfth place, all such may start in the Discus Throwing. The points of the competitors entitled to compete in the . Discus Throwing shall then be counted again with reference to their relative order in each of the first three series, their points being counted as if they alone had competed without reference to the placing of other competitors. The Discus Throwing and 1,500 metres flat shall then be started with the points thus awarded. After the Discus Throwing, the six best compete in the 1,500 metres flat race, to be run in one heat. If more than one tie for the sixth place after the Discus Throwing; all such may compete in the 1,500 metres flat race. In the flat races, the time for each competitor shall be taken with three watches.
RULE 53. Decathlon.
.l,
The competition comprises the follOWing events: 100 metres Flat, Running Broad Jump, Putting the Shot, High Jump, and 400 metres Flat, on the first day. Hurdle Race (110 metres), Throwing the Discus (best hand), Pole Vault, Throwing the Javelin (best hand), and 1,500 metres Flat, on the follOWing day. The events follow in the above-mentioned order. Three trials only are allowed in both jumping and thrOWing. Both in the 100 metres and 400 metres flat races, as well as in the hurdle race, three or four competitors start in each group. On the other hand, in the 1,500 metres race, five or six shall start. However, the Referee shall have the right, in case of necessity, to make alterations. The composition of the groups is decided by lot. The time for each competitor shall be taken with three watches. If false starts occur in the flat races of 100 metres and 400 metres as well as in the 110 metres hurdles, the competitor at fault will after the second false start be penalised by a hund-
30
31
fedth of the distance of the race for each false start above that number. After two false starts with penalty the competitor at fault shall be eliminated from the event in which the offence was committed. The winner shall be the one who has obtained the highest number cif points in the ten divisions awarded on the basis of the following Decathlon Table.
HOW TO SCORE THE DECATHLON. For a result similar to the best result obtained at the 1912 or previous Olympic Games, 1,000 points will be awarded. Other results are valued in accordance with the Decathlon table. If a result exceeds the best "Olympic" result, correspondingly higher points will be awarded. No.1-tOO Metres. Time. 103-5 104-5 110 111路5 112-5
Points. 1000.00 952.40 904.80 857.20 809.60
Time. 113-5 114-5 120 121-5 122路5
Points. 762.00 714.40 666.80 619.20 571.60
Time. Points. 123-5 524.00 124-5 476.40 130 428.80 131-5 381.20 ]32路5 333.60 133-5 286.00 1912 Olympic Record, 10 3-5 sees. = 1000 points. Score other time at rate of 1-5 sec. = 47.60 points.
Time, 134-5 140 141-5 142-5 143-5 144-5
Points. 238.40 190.80 143.20 95.60 48.00 0.40
No.2-Running Broad Jump. M. CM. Ft. Decs. Points. M. CM. Ft. Decs. Points. M. CM. 7.60 24.934 1000.00 6.20 20.341 657.00 4.80 7.50 24.606 975.50 6.10 20.013 632.50 4.70 7.40 24.278 951.00 6.00 19.685 608.00 4.60 7.30 23.950 926.50 5.90 19.356 583.50 4.50 7.20 23.622 902.00 5.80 19.028 559.00 4.40 7.10 23.294 877.50 5.70 18.700 534.50 4.30 7.00 22.966 853.00 5.60 18.372 510.00 4.20 6.90 22.637 828.50 5.50 18.044 485.50 4.10 6.80 22.309 804.00, 5.40 17.716 461.00 4.00 21.981 779.50 5.30 17.388 436.50 3.90 6.70 6.60 21.653 755.00 5.20 17.060 412.00 3.80 6.50 21.325 730.50 5.10 16.732 387.50 3.70 6.40 20.997 706.00 5.00 16.404 363.00 3.60 6.30 20.669 681.50 4.90 16.076 338.50 1912 Olympic Record 760 c. m. = 24,934 feet = 1000 points. Score other distances at rate of 1 c. m. = 2.45 points. 0.01 0.0328 2.45 0.05 0.1640 12.25 0.08 0.02 0.0656 4.90 0.06 0.1968 14.70 0.09 0.03 0.0984 7.35 0.07 0.2296 17.15 0.10 0.04 0.1312 9.80
Ft Decs. Points. 15.748 314.00 15.420 289.50 15.092 265.00 14.764 240.50 14.436 216.00 14.108 191.50 13.779 167.00 13.451 142.50 13.123 118.00 12.795 93.50 12.461 69.00 12:139 44.50 11.811 20.00
0.2625 0.2953 0.3281
19.60 22.05 24.50
No.3-Putting the Weight (16-1b. Shot). M. CM: Ft. Decs. Points. M. CM. Ft. Decs. Points. M. CM.. Ft. Decs. Points. 15.34 50.394 1000 12.00 39.370 666 8.60, 28.215 326 996 11.90 39.041 656 8.50 27.887 15.30 50.196 316 986 11.80 38.713 646 8.40 27.559 15.20 49.868 306 976 11.70 38.385 '636 8.30 27.231 15.10 49.540 296 15.00 49.212 966 11.60 38.057 626 8.20 26.903 286 956 11.50 37.729 616 8.10 26.575 14.90 48.884 276 946 11.40 37.401 606 8.00 26.247 14.80 48.556 266 936 11.30 37.073 596 7.90 25.918 14.70 48.228 256 14.60 47.900 926 11.20 36.745 586 7.80 25.590 246 916 11.10 36.417 576 7.70 25.262 14.50 47.572 236 906 11.00 36.089 566 7.60 24.934 14.40 47.244 226 896 10.90 35.760 556 7.50 24.606 14.30 46.916 216 886 10.80 35.432 546 7.40 24.278 14.20 46.588 206 876 10.70 35.104 536 7.30 23.950 14.10 46.260 196 866 10.60 34.776 526 7.20 23.622 14.00 45.932 186 13.90 45.603 856 10.50 34.448 516 7.10 23.294 176 13.80 45.275 846 10.40 '34.120 506 7.00 22.966 166 836 10.30 33.792 496 6.90 22.637 13.70 44.947 156 826 10.20 33.464 486 6.80 22.309 13.60 44.619 146 816 10.10 33.136 476 6.70 21.981 13.50 44.291 136 13.40 ,43.963 806 10.00 32.808 466 6.60 21.653 126 13.30 43.635 796 9.90 32.479 456 6.50 21.325 116 446 6.40 20.997 13.20 43.307 786 9.80 32.151 106 436 6.30 20.669 13.10 42.979 776 9.70 31.823 96 13.00 42.651 766 9.60 31.495 426 6.20 20.341 86 12.90 42.322 756 9.50 31.167 416 6.10 20.013 76 12.80 41.994 746 9.40 30.839 406 6.00 19.685 66 736 9.30 30.511 396 5.90 19.356 12.70 41.666 56 726 9.20 30.183 386 5.80 19.028 . 12.60 41.338 46 12.50 41.010 710 9.10 29.855 376 5.70 18.700 36 366 5.60 18.372 12.40 40.682 706 9.00 29.527 26 12.30 40.354 696 8.90 29.199 356 5.50 18.044 16 12.20' 40.026 686 8.80 28.871 346 路5.40 17.716 6 12.10 39.698 676 8.70 28.543 336 1912 Olympic Record 15.34 m. = 50.394 feet = 1000 Points.
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04
Score other distances at rate of 1 c. m. = ] point. 0.0328 1 0.05 0.1640 5 0.0656 2 0.06 0.1968 6 0.0984 3 0.07 0.2296 7 0.1312 4
I
0.08 0.09 0.10
0.2625 0.2953 0.3281
8'
9
10
No.4-Running High Jump. 1.93 1.90 1.80
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04
I
6.331 1000.00 1.70 6.233 958.00 1.60 5.905 818.00 1.50 1912 Olympic Record 1.93 c. m.
I
=
5.577 678.00 1.40 5.249 538.00 1.30 4.921 398.00 6.331 feet = 1000 points.
Score other heights at rate of 1 c. m. = 14 points. 0.0328 1.4 0.05 0.1640 7.0 0.0656 2.8 0.06 0.1968 8.4 0.0984 4.2 0.07 0.2296' 9.8 0.1312 5.6 '
I
0.08 0.09 0.10
4.593 4.265
0.2625 ' 0.2953 0.3281
258.00 118.00
11.2 12.6 14.0
32
33
No. 5 -400 Metres Flat. Sees. 481-5 482-5 48.3-5 484-5 49 491-5 492-5 493-5 494·5 50 501-5 502-5 503·5 504-5 51 511-5 512-5 513-5 514-5 52 521·5 522-5 5235 524-5 53 531-5 532-5 533-5 534-5 54 541-5 542-5 543-5 544-5
Points. Min.Secs., Points. Min.Secs. 1000·00 55 744·32 1-014-5 992·48 551-5 736·80 1·02 984·96 552-5 729·28 1·021-5 977-44 553-5 721·76 1·022-5 969·92 554-5 714·24 1·023-5 962·40 56 706·72 1·024-5 954.88 561-5 699·20 1·03 947·36 562-5 691·68 1·031-5 939·84 563-5 684·16 . 1·032-5 932·32 564-5 . 1·033-5 676·64 924.80 57 669.12 1·034.5 917.28 571-5 661·60 1·04 909·76 572-5 . 654.08 1.041-5 '902.24 57 3-5 646.56 1.042-5 894.72 574-5 639.04 1.043-5 887.20 58 631.52 1·044-5 879.68 581-5 624.00 1.05 872.16 582-5 616.48 1.051-5 864.64 583-5 608.96 1.052-5 857.12 584-5 601.44 ' 1.053-5 849.60 59 593.92 1.054-5 841.08 591-5 586.40 1·06 834.56 592-5 578.88 1.061-5 827.04 593-5 571.36 1.062-5 819.52 594-5 563.84 1.063-5 812.00 60 556.32 1.064-5 804.48 1.001-5 548.80 1.07 796.96 1.002-5 541.28 1.071-5 789.44 1.003-5 533.76 1.072-5 781.92 1.004-5 526.24 1.073-5 774.40 1.01 518.72 1.074-5 766.88 1.011-5 511.20 1.08 759.36 1:012-5 503.68 1.081.5 751.84 1.01 3-5 496.16 1.082-5 1912 Olympic 48 1-5 sec. = 1000 points. Score olher time at rate of 1-5 sec. = 7.52 points.
Points. 488·64 481·12 473·60 466·0B 458·56 451·04 443·52 436·00 428·48 420·96 413·44 405.92 398·40 390·88 383·36 375.84 368.32 360.80 353.28 345.76 338.24 330.72 323.20 315.68 308.16 300.64 293.12 285.60 278.08 270.56 .263.04 255.52 248.00 240.48
.No. 7--:.Throwing the Discus. Min.Secs. Points. 1·083-5 232·96 1·084-5 225.44 1·09 217.92 1·091-5 210.40 1·092-5 202.88 1·093-5 195.36 1·094-5 187.84 1.10 180.32 1·101-5 172.80 1·102-5 165.28 1.103-5 157.76 1.104-5 150.24 1.11 142.72 1.111-5 135.20 1.112-5 127.68 1.11 3-5 120.16 1.11 4-5 112.64 1.12 105.12 1.121-5 97.60 1.122-5 90.08 1.123-5 82.56 1.124-5 75.04 1.13 67.52 1.131-5 60.00 1.132-5 52.48 1.133·5 44.96 1.134-5 37.44 1.14 29.92 1.141-5 22.40 1.142-5 14.88 1.143-5 7.36
M.CM. Ft. Decs. Points. 148·326 1000·00 45·21 999·62 148·293 45·20 992·02 147·637 45·00 981·42 146·981 44·80 976.82 146·325 44·60 969.22 145·669 44·40 961.62 145·013 44·20 954.02 144.357 44·00 946-42 43.80 143·700 938.82 43.60 143·044 931.22 43.40 142·388 923.62 141.732 43.20 916.02 141.076 43.00 908.42 140.419 42.80 900.82 139.763 42.60 893.22 139.107 42.40 885.62 138.451 42.20 878.02 137.795 42.00 870.42 137.138 41.80 862.82 41.60 1360482 855.22 41.40 . 135.826 847.62 135.170 41.20 840.02 134.514 41.00 832.42 133.857 40.80 824.82 133.201 40.60 817.22 132.545 40.40 809.62 131.889 40.20 802.02 131.233 40.00 794.42 130.577 39.80 786.82 129.921 39.60 779.22 129.265 39040 1912 Olympic Score other distances 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04
M.CM. Ft. Decs. Points. M.CM. Ft. Decs. Points. 536.02 108.268 33·00 771.62 128.609 39.20 528.42 107.611 32.80 764.02 127.953 39.00 520.82· 32.60 106.955 756.42 127.296 38.80 513.22 32.40 106.299 748.82 38.60 126.640 505.62 105.643 32.20 741.22 38.40 125.984 498.02 104.987 32.00 733.62 125.328 38.20 490.42 104.330 31.80 726.02 38.00 124.672 482.82 103.674 31.60 718.42 124:015 37.80 475.22 103.018 31.40 710.82 123.359 37.60 467.62 102.362 31.20 703.22 122.703 37.40 460.02 101.706 31.00 695.62 122.047 37.20 452.42 .101.049 30.80 688.02 121.391 37.00 444.82 100.393 30.60 680.42 120.734 36.80 437.22 99.737 30.40 672.82 120078 36.60 429.62 99.081 30.20 665.22 119.422 36.40 422.02 98.425 30.00 657.62 118.766 36.20 414.42 97.768 29.80 650.02 118.110 36.00 406.82 97.112 29.60 642.42 117.453 35.80 399.22 96.456 29.40 634.82 116.797 35.60 391.62 95.800 29.20 627.22 116.141 35.40 384.02 95.144 29.00 619.62 115.485 35.20 346.02 91.864 28.00 612.02 114.829 35.00 308.02 88.58 27.00 604.42 114.173 34.80 270.00 85.30 26.00 596.82 113.517 34.60 232.02 82.02 25.00 589.22 112.861 34.40 194.02 78.74 24.00 581.62 112.205 34.20 156.02 75.46 23.00 574.02 111.549 34.00 118.02 72.18 22.00 566.42 110.992 33.80 80.02 68.90 21.00 558.82 110.336 33.60 42.02 65.62 20.00 551.22 109.680 33.40 543.62 108.924 33.20 45.21 m. = 148.326 feet == 1000 points. at rate of 1 c.m. = 0.38 points. 3.04 3.42 3.80
0.08 0.09 0.10
0.2625 0.2953 0.3281
2.60 649 10.827 3.30 12.959 1000 2.50 595 10.499 3.20 973 12.795 2.40 541 10.170 3.10 919 12.467 ,2.30 487 9.842 3.00 865 12.139 2.20 433 9.514 2.90 811 11.811 2.10 379 9.186 2.80 11.483 . 757 325 8.858 2.70 703 11.155 395 c. m. = 12.959 feet = 1000 points. 1912 Olympic Score other heights at rate of 1 c. m. = 5.4 points.
8.530 8.202 7.874 7.546 7.218 6.890
271 217 163 109 . 55 1
0.08 0.09 0.10
0.2625 0.2953 0.3281
43.2 48.6 54.0
0.0328 0.0656 0.0984 0.1312
0.38 0.76 1.14 1.52
I
0.05 0.06 0.07
0.1640 0.1968 0.2296
1.90 2.28 2.66
I
No. 6-110 Metres Hurdle. 15 151-5 152·5 153-5 154-5 16 161-5 162-5 163·5 164-5 17 171-5 172-5 173-5
1000.0 734.0 174'5 203-5 981.0 18 715.0 204-5 962.0 181-5 696.0 21 943.0 182-5 677.0 211-5 924.0 183-5 658.0 212-5 905.0 184-5 639.0 213-5 886.0 19 620.0 214-5 867.0 191-5 601.0 22 848.0 1925 582.0 221-5 829.0 193-5 563.0 222-5 810.0 194-5 544.0 223-5 791.0 20 525.0 224-5 772.0 201-5 506.0 23 753.0 202-5 487.0 231-5 15 sees. = 1000 points. 1908 Olympic Score other time at rate of 1-5 sec. = 19 points.
468.0 449.0 430.0 411.0 392.0 373.0 354.0 335.0 316.0 297.0 278.0 259.0 240.0 221.0
232-5 233-5 234-5 24 241-5 242-5 243-5 244-5 25 251-5 252-5
202.0 183.0 164.0 145.0 126.0 107.0 88.0 69.0 50.0 31.0 12.0
No.8-Pole Vault. 3.95 3.90 3.80 3.70 3.60 3.50 3'40
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04
0.0328 0.0656 0.0984 0.1312
5.4 10.8 16.2 21.6
0.05 0.06 0.07
0.1640 0.1968 0.2296
27.0 32.4 37.8
35
34
No. 10-1,500 Metres-(Continued).
No.9-Throwing the Javelin. NLCM. Ft.Dees. Points. M.CM. Ft. Dees. Points. M.CM. Ft. Dees. Points. 61.00 200.131 1000.00 48·50 656.25 159·120 36.50 119.750 326.25 198.490 . 986.25 60.50 48·00 642.50 36.00 157·480 118.110 312.50 60.00 196.850 972·.50 47·50 628.75 155·839 35.50 298.75 59.50 195.209 958.75 47·00 154·199 35.00 615·00 114.829 285.00 59.00 193.569 945.00 46·50 34.50 152·558 113.189 601·25 271.25 58.50 191.928 931.25 46·00 587.50 34.00 150·918 111.549 257.50 58.00 190.288 917.50 149.277 45·50 573.75 33.50 110.008 243.75 57.50 188.647 903.75 45·00 560.00 33.00 147·637 108.268 230.00 57.00 187.007 890.00 44.50 546.25 32.50 145·997 106.627 216.25 56.50 185.367 876.25 44.00 144.357 532.50 32.00 104.987 202.50 56.00 183.727 862.50 43.50 518.75 142·716 31.50 103.346 188.75 55.50 182.086 848.75 43.00 141.076 505.00 31.00 101.706 175.00 55.00 180.446 835.00 42.50 139.435 30.50 . 100.065 491.25 161.25 54.50 178.805 821.25 42.00 137.795 477.50 30.00 98.425 147.50 54.00 177.165 807.50 41.50 136.154 463.75 29.50 96.784 133.75 53.50 175.524 793.75 41.00 134.514 . 95.144 450.00 29.00 120.00 53.00 173.884 780.00 40.50 132.873 436.25 28.50 93.504 106.25 52.50 172.244 766.25 40.00 131.233 422.50 28.00 91.864 92.50 52.00 170.604 752.50 39.50 129.593 27.50 408.75 90.223 78.75 51.50 168.963 738.75 27.00 ' 39.00 127.953 88.582 395.00 65.00 51.00 167.323 725.00 38.50 126.312 381.25 26.50 86.941 51.25 50.50 165.682 711.25 38.00 124.672 367.50 26.00 85.301 37.50 50.00 164.042 697.50 37.50 123.031 353.75 25.50 82.660 23.75 49.50 162.401 683.75 37.00 121.391 340.00 25.00 81.019 10.00 49.00 160.761 670.00 1912 Olympic R.eeord 61 m. = 200.131 feet = 1000 points. Score other distances at rate of 1 e.m. = 0.275 points. 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04
0.0328 0.0656 0.0984 0.1312
0.275 0.550 0.825 1.100
0.05 0.06 0.07
0.1640 0.1968 0.2296
1.375 1.650 1.925
0.08 0.09 0.10
0.2625 0.2953 0.3281
Min.-sees. Points. Min.-sees. Points. Min.-sees. Points. Min.-sees. 284.80 6·20 5·56 428·80 572.80 5.08 5·32 6.21 278.80 422.80 5·57 566.80 5.09 5·33 6.22 272.80 5.58 416.80 560.80 5.10 5·34 6.23 266.80 5.59 410.80 5.35 5.11 554.80 6.24 5.36 ' 260.80 6.00 404.80 548.80 5.12 6.25 254.80 6.01 398.80 5.37 542.80 5.13 6.26 248.80 6.02 392.80 5.38 536.80 5.14 6.27 242.80 6.03 386:80 5.39 530.80 5.15 6.28 236.80 6.04 380.80 5.40 524.80 5.16 6.29 230.80 6.05 374.80 5.41 518.80 5.17 6.30 224.80 6.06 368.80 5.42 512.80 5.18 ' 6.31 218.80 6.07 362.80 5.43 506.80 5.19 6.32 212.80 6.08 356.80 5.44 500.80 5.20 6.33 206.80 . 6.09 350.80 5.45 494.80 5.21 6.34 200.80 6.10 344.80 5.46 488.80 5.22 6.35 194.80 6.11 338.80 5.47 482.80 5.23 6.36 6.12 188.80 332.80 5.48 476.80 5.24 6.37 182.80 6.13 326.80 5.49 470.80 5.25 176.80 6.38 6.14 320.80 5.50 464.80 5.26 6.39 170.80 6.15 314.80 5.51 458.80 5.27 6.40 164.80 6.16 308.80 5.52 452.80 5.28 158.80 6.41 6.17 302.80 5.53 446.80 5.29 152.80 6.42 6.18 296.80 5.54 440.80 5.30 6.43 146.80 6.19 290.80 5.55 434.80 5.31 1912 Olympic R.eeord, 3 min. 56 4-5 sees. = 1000 points. Score other time at rate of 1-5 sec. = 1.20 points.
2.200 2.475 2.750
Points. 140.HO 134.80 128.80 122.80 116.80 110.80 104.80 98.80 92.80 86.80 80.80 74.80 68.80 62.80 56.80 50.80 44.80 38.80 32.80 26.80 20.80 14.80 8.80 2.80
PENTATHLON. 200 Metres Flat. Time.
10-1,500 Metres. Min.-sees. Points. Min.-sees. Points. 3.56 4-5 1000.00 4.14 896.80 3.57 998.80 4.15 890.80 3.58 992.80 4.16 884.80 3.59 986.80 4.17 878.80 4.00 980.80 872.80 4.18 4.01 974.80 4.19 866.80 4.02 968.80 4.20 860.80 4.03 962.80 4.21 E54.80 4.04 956.80 4.22 848.80 4.05 950.80 4.23 842.80 4.06 944.80 4.24 836.80 4.07 938.80 4.25 830.80 4.08 932.80 4.26 824.80 4.09 926.80 4.27 818.80 4.10 920.80 4.28 812.80 4.11 914.80 4.29 806.80 4.12 908.80 4.30 800.80 4.13 902.80 4.31 794.80 (Continued on following page)
Min.-sees. Points. 4.32 788.80 4.33 782.80 4.34 .776.80 4.35 770.80 4.36 764.80 4.37 758.80 4.38 752.80 4.39 746.80 4.40 740.80 4.41 734.80 4.42 728.80 4.43 722.80 4.44 716.80 4.45 710.80 4.46 704.80 4.47 698.80 692.80 4.48 4.49 686.80
Min.-sees. 4.50 4.51 4.52 4.53 4.54 4.55 4.56 4.57 4.58 4.59 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07
Points. 680.80 674.80 668.80 662.80 656.80 650.80 644.80 638.80 632.80 626.80 620.80 614.80 608.80 602.80 596.80 590.80 584.80 578.80
213·5 214·5 22 221-5 222-5 223-5 224-5 23 231·5 232-5 233-5 234-5
Time. Points. Time.' Points. Points. 472 262·5 736 24 1000 263-5 450 241-5 714 978 264-5 428 242-5 692 956 406 27 243-5 670 934 271-5 384 648 ' 912 244·5 272-5 362 626 25 890 340 273-5 251-5 604 868 274-5 318 252-5 582 846 28 ' 296 253-5 560 824 274 281-5 254-5 538 802 282-5 252 516 780 26 261-5 494 758 1904 Olympic R.eeord, 21 3-5' sees. = 1000 points. Score other, time at rate of 1·5 sec. = 22 points.
Time. 283-5 284-5 ' 29 291-5 292-5 293-5 294-5 30 301-5 302-5 303-5
Points 230 208 186 164 142 120 98 76 54 32 10
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37
VIII.
VARIOUS EVENTS. RULE 54. Tug-oj-war.
The teams shall consist of equal numbers of competitors. The rope shall be of sufficient length to allow for a pull of twelve feet, and for twelve feet slack at each end, together with four feet for each competitor; it shall be not less than four inches in circumference and shall be without knots or other holdings for the hands. A centre tape shaH be affixed to the centre of the rope, and six feet side of the centre tape a side tape shall be affixed to the rope. A centre line shaH be marked on the ground, and six feet on each side of the centre line a side line parallel thereto. At the start the rope shall be taught and the centre tape shall be over the centre line and the competitors outside the side lines. During no part of the pull shall the rope be tied or in any way crossed by the anchor man, nor shall he wilfully place either hand on the ground. In all Tug-of-War competitions there shall be one Judge and two Inspectors who shall be responsible for seeing that the rules are plOperly carried out. The Judge shaH start the competition by word of mouth and take charge of the centre and the side lines, and give effect to. the result of any pull by blowing a whistle. The Inspectors shall take charge of the teams and see that members of such teams do not wilfully touch the ground with any part of the body· other than the feet, and· report to the Judge any infringement of this rule. It shall be in the discretion of the Judge to disqualify the offending team and award the pull in question to the opposing side, or he may disqualify the offending team from the competition. A pull shall be won when. one team shall have pulled the side tape of the opposing side over their own side line, or if any portion of the foot of any compet!tor of the opposing side goes beyond the centre line. In the event of both teams leaving go of the rope before either side has pulled the side tape .of the opposing side over their own side line, the pull shall be declared no pUll and shall not constitute one
of the requisite number of pulls.. No competitor shall make any hole in the ground with his feet, or in any other way, before the start. In allcompetitions confined to certain weights two Clerks shall be appointed who shall be responsible to the Judge for the correct weighing of the competitors before the start. . All heats shall be won by two pulls out of three. All competitors shall wear boots or shoes of which the sale, heel and sides of heel shall be perfectly flush and not prepared in any way. No gloves or adhesive substance whatever shall be used on the hands or ropes. The competing teams shall be drawn in pairs and all byes disposed of in the first round. Where three teams only compete, the team drawing the bye shall pUll off for second prizes if defeated by the winner of the first round.
IX.
SPECIFICATIONS FOR OFFICIAL IMPLEMENTS AND APPARATUS RULE 55. Jumping or vaulting standards.
Uprights - Any style or kind of uprights or posts may , be used provided they are rigid. Cross Bar - The cross bar shall be entirely of wood, triangular in section each side of which shall measure 30 milIimetres (1 3/16 inch). Optionally the cross bar may be split in the middle and joined with a metal clip about 300 millimetres long. Support - The support of the cross bar shall be flat and square, 40 millimetres (1 1/2 inches) wide and extending 60 millimetres (2 3/8 inches) in length. It shall face the opposite upright and the end of tlie cross bar shall rest on it in such a fashion that the cross bar easily faHs to the ground ·both forwards or backwards, if touched by the competitor. The uprights shall be at least 3.66 metres (12 feet) apart.
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39
RULE 56. Vaulting pole. Construction.- The pole shall be either of ,wood or bamboo and may be of any length or diameter. It shall have no assisting devices except as provided for, but may be wound or wrapped with adhesive tape. The wrapping must be of uniform thickness. The lower end of the pole may terminate in a single metal spike or a wooden plug. RULE 57. Take-off board. Construction-The take-off board shall be made of wood. Measurements- The board shall measure 1.219 metres (4 feet) long, 203.196 millimetres (8 inches) Wide, and 101.598 millimetres (4 inches) deep. Finish-The board shall be painted white.
RULE 58. Javelin. javelin shall be of wood with a .sharp iron or steel point. The javelin shall be constructed in such way that the space between the foremost point and the centre of gravity is not longer than 110 centimetres (1.203 yards), or shorter than 90 centimetres (2.953 feet). . Grip""":-It shall have, about the centre of gravity, a grip formed by a binding 16 centimetres (6.3 inches) broad, of whipcord, without thongs or notches in the shaft, and shall have no other holding than the above-mentioned binding, whose circumference at either edge shall not exceed the circumference of the shaft by more than 25 mi11imetres (0.984 inch.) Measurements-The length shall be not less than 260 centimetres (8.5 feet) complete as thrown. . Weight-The weight shall be not less than 800 grammes (1.6 pounds) complete as thrown.
RULE 59. Discus. Construction-The discus shall be composed of a smooth metal rim, permanently attilch<;d to a wood body, brass plates
set flush into the sides of the wood body, and, in the exact centre of the discus, a means for securing the correct weight. The brass plates shall be circular in form, having a diameter of not less than 50.799 millimetres (2 inches) nor more than 57.149 millimetres t21/4 inches). Each side of the discus shall be a counterpart of the other side and shall have no indentations, projecting points, or sharp edges. The sides shall taper in a straight line from the beginning of the curve of the rim to a line a distance of 25.399 millimetres (1 inch) from the centre of the discus. Measurements-The largest dimension shall bea circle not less than 219.07 millimetres (8 5/8 inches) in diameter. The thickness through the exact centre, on a line perpendicular to the diameter, shall be not less than 44.449 millimetres (1 3/4 inches). The thickness at 25.399 millimetres (1 inch) from the centre shall be exactly the same as at the centre. The thickness of the rim at a distance of 6.35 millimetres C/4 inch) from the edge shall be not less than 12.70 millimetres (l/2 inch). The edge shall be rounded on a true circle. Weight-The weight of the discus shall be not less than 2 kilogrammes (4 lbs. 6.4 02S.) complete as thrown. A metal discus, complying with the official measurements, conditions and weight, may be used.
RULE 60. Shot. Construction- The shot shall be of iron or a brass shell . filled with lead and spherical in shape. Weight- The shot shall weigh not less than 7.257 kilogrammes (16 pounds). RULE 61. Heavy weight. Head-The head shall be of moulded lead or a brass shell filled with l<;ad, and spherical in shape, having imbedded a forged sJeel eye bolt as a means for attaching the handle.
40
41
Handle-The handle shall be made of round iron or steel measuring 12.7 millimetres C/2 inch) in diameter, bent in a triangular form, no side of which shall be more than 184.146 millirrietres(7 1 /4. inches) inside measurement. . Connection-The. handle shall be connected to the head by means of a welded steel link measuring 9.525 millimetres e/sinch) in diameter. Weight-The weight shall be not less than 25.401 kilogrammes (56 pounds) complete as thrown. Length--c-The length shall be not more than 406.39 _millimetre::; (16 inches) complete as thrown.
RULE 62. Hammer. Head-The head shall be of lead or a brass shell filled with lead or cast gray iron and spherical in shape. Handle-The han die shall be a single unbroken and straight length of spring steel wire not less than 3.175 millimetres Cis inch) in diameter, or No. 36 piano wire, 2.591 millimetres (0.102 inch) in diameter. The handle may be looped at one or both ends as a means of attachment. . Orip- The grip may be .either of single or double loop construction, but must be rigid and without hinging joints of i:my kind. A competitor can submit a single or a double loop different from the official grip, and, if legal, the organising Committee can allow the use of same. Any competitor may use such hammer. Connections-The handle shall be connected to the head by means of a swivel, which may be either plain or ball bearing. The grip shall be connected to the handle by means of a loop. A swivel may not be used. Weight-The weight shall be not less than 7.257 kilogrammes (16 pounds) complete as thrown. Length-The length shall be not more than 1.219 metres (4 feet) complete as thrown.
RULE 63. Hammer throwing cage. It is strongly recommended that al1.hammer throws be from an enclosure or cage to ensure the safety of spectators. A cage . of the following dimensions is suggested: Cage- The cage should be circular in form, having an inside diameter of not less than 8.229 metres (27 feet). The height should be not less than 2.134 metres (7 feet). There should be an opening, through which the throw is made, of approximately 7.010 metres (23 feet). The cage should be composed of X 114.297 miUimetres (21 /4 X 4 1/2 inches) diamond mesh wire screen of .9.5248 millimetres (SIs inch) wire. The screen should be mounted upon pipe uprights, buried in the ground to a depth of 762 mi1limetres (30 inches), and spaced not more than 2.438 metres (8 feet) apart. The size of the pipe should be 63.4988 millimetres¡ (2 1/2 inches). It might be desirable, in some instances, to install a demountable <;age, haVing sockets grouted permanently in the ground, into which the pipe uprights might be set when the cage is erected. The sockets could be proVided with¡ covers when the uprights are removed.
RULE 64. Circles. Constraction- The circle shall be made of band iron or steel, wood or rope. Measarements-Metal- The circle shall measure not more than 2.134 metres (7 feet), in discus thrOWing not more than 2.50 metres (8 feet :2 inches), inside diameter. The sides shall . be 6.35 millimetres C/4 inch) thick by 76.199 ini1limetres (3 inches) high. Wood-The Circle shall measure not more than 2.134. metres (7 feet), in discus thrOWing not more than 2.50 metres (8 feet 2 inches), inside diameter. The sides shall be 76.199 millimetres (3 inches) thick by 50.799 millimetres (2 inches) high. Rope-The circle shall measure not more than 2.134 metres (7 feet), in discus throwing not more than 2.50 metres (8 feet¡
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42
2 inches), inside diameter. The rope shall be 25.4miIlimetres (1 inch) in diameter. Finish-The circle shall be painted white. The rope may be tarred as a means of preservation.
=00:
in five steps 400 mi1limetres (15 3/4 inches) high and 600 miIlimetres (23 5/8 inches) deep. The steps may at the one end be divided in two, thus allowing an easy access to the different steps of the stand. See drawing below.
RULE 65. Stop-board. (Putting the Shot). Construction-The board shall be made of wood. Measurements-The board shall measure not less than 1.219 metres (4 feet) long, 114.297 millimetres (41/2 inches) wide, and 101.598 millimetres (4 inches) high. Finish-The board shall be painted white.
RULE 66. Sector for throws from circle. The ninety degree sector, within which all specified throws from the circle must fall, shall be clearly marked on the ground, the radii lines crossing at the centre of the circle. The outer ends of the radii lines shall be marked with flags.
RULE 67. Sector flags.
Construction-The sector flag shall be entirely of metal. Measurements-The flag shall be rectangular in shape and shall measure 101.598X177.797 millimetres (4X7) inches. The standard shall be not less than 7.93 millimetres (5116 inch) in diameter and not less than 914.382 millimetres (36 inches) in length. The flag shall .be painted red.
RULE 68. Stand for judges at finish (optional). Construction - The stand shall be made of wood and easy to move in all directions. Measurements - The stand shall measure 2 metres (6 feet 63/4, inches) in height, 3 metres (9 feet 10 inches) in length and 1.1 metres (3 feet 7 1 /4 inches) in width. It shall be divided
RULE 69. Hurdles.
Construction-A hurdle shall consist of two wood uprights, or standards, supporting a rectangular wood frame or gate, the uprights to be fixed in exact centre of foot or base. The hurdle may be adjustable. in height, but shall be rigidly fastened at the required height for each event. Measurements- The height of the hurdle shall be: in the 110 metres hurdle race 1.06 metres (3 feet 6 inches), in the 200 metres (220 yards) hurdle race 762 millimetres (2 feet 6 inches) and in the 400 metres hurdle race 914 millimetres (3 feet). The extreme width of the gate shall be 1.22 metres (4 feet). The extreme length of base for the uprights shall be 500 millimetres (19.685 inches). The total weight of the hurdle shall be 7 kilogrammes (15.43 pounds). Finish-The top bar of the gate shall be painted white.
44
45 RULE 70.
Relay baton. Construction-The baton shall be a hollow wood tube. Measarements- The length shall be not more than 300 millimetres (11.81 inches). Weight-The weight shall be not less than 50 grammes (1. 769 ounces). The circumference shall be 120 millimetres (4.724 inches).
ATHLETIC RULES FOR WOMEN'S INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIONS IN FIELD AND TRACK EVENTS
As drawn up by the Special Committee of the 1.A.A.F. in Paris, Dec. 27th, 1926, and adopted by the Federation Sportive Feminine lnternationale (F.S.F.I.)
For Women the rules for Men as decided by the LA.A.F. will be in force with the following additions and modifications: RULE 1.
Officials.· Addition: In women's competitions there shall be a lady doctor and· as great a number of lady officials as is deemed proper in every special case. RULE 9 to be omitted. RULE 21.
Starting order. Last paragraph to be omitted. RULE 25.
Protests. Modification: The deposit to be £ 0 10 0 or its eqUivalent instead of £ 1. RULE 26.
World's Records. The LA.A.F. to be replaced by the F.S.F.I. Modification of the second paragraph of the rule: The international Committee of the F. S. F. 1. shall investigate - ' - - -
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47
The last paragraph shall read: All applications for world's records must be made on the official form of the F.S.F.I. The following Note to be added: Women's World's Records will be allowed in the following -events: RUNNING. 50 metres
60 80 1CO 200
800 metres 1000 300 (4X75) metres Relay 400 (4XlOO) n
800 1000 1200 2400
(4 X200) metres Relay (lOX100) (100, 100, 200, 800) " (3 X 800)
" In the Relay races records are accepted for club teams and national teams
RULE 29. Running High Jump. Modification of the first paragraph of the rule: The competition shall start at a height of 120 centimetres, and the bar shall be raised as the judges may decide. RULE 30. . Standing High Jump. Modification of the first paragraph of the rule: The competition shall start at a height of 80 centimetres and the bar shall be raised as the judges may decide.
HURDLES. 80 metres (8 hurdles)
83 metres (7 hurdles)
JUMPING. Running high jump Running broad jump
Standing high jump Standing broad jump
THROWING. Throwing the javelin, best hand Throwing the discus, best hand Throwing the javelin, both hands Throwing the discus, both hands Putting the shot, best hand Putting the shot, both hands.
RULE 27. Official Athletic Implements.
New text: In all international competitions and in all record attempts under the sanction of the Federation Sportive Feminine Internationale, the implements used must comply with the specifications for official implements stated in these Rules. In each country the implements approved of must be stamped with an agreed stamp which shall be registered with the F. S. F. I. and the I. A. A. F. RULE 28. Jumping events in general. Modification of the third paragraph of the rule: In the Broad Jumps each competitor shall be all owed three competitors jumps, and the four best, if the total number does not pass twelve, or the six best, if the total number of competitors is above twelve, shaIl be allowed three more jumps.
RULES 31, 34 to be omitted. RULE 35. Throwing events in general. Modification of the first paragraph of the rule:¡ In all throWing events, each competitor shall be allowed three trials, and the four best, if the total number of competitors does not pass twelve, or the six best, if the total number of competitors is above twelve, shall have three more. Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all her attempts. Addition to the rule: At the Ladies' World Games there shall only be a best hand competition. In other international meetings throWing both sides may take place, if agreed upon by the Nations competing together. If such is the case, the order shall be . the follOWing: right hand (all competitors three attempts), then left hand similarly. For each competitor the best throw of each hand shall count and their addition form the total distance. The best competitors shall be allowed further attempts same as in the case of one hand. RULES 39, 40 to be omitted. RULE 43. 80-metre Hurdle Race. Modification of the first and second paragraphs of the rule:
48
49
On every course there shall be 8 hurdles, each hurdle to be 76.2 centimetres in height. The distance from the scratch mark to the first hurdle shall be 12 metres, the remaining hurdles shall be placed 8 metres apart, and the distance from the last hurdle to the winning post shall be 12 metres. RULE 44.
83-metre Hurdle Race. New text: On -every course there shall be 7 hurdles, each hurdle to be 76.2 centimetres in height. The distance from the scratch mark to the first hurdle shall be 14 metres, the remaining hurdles shall be placed 9 metres to the winning apart, and the distance from the last post shall be 15 metres. In all other respects the¡ rule for the 80-metre hurdle shall apply, (For apparatus, refer to Rule 69). RULES 45, 48 to be omitted. RULE 49.
Cross-country Race.
New text: -, The distance shall not be greater _than three kilometres. It "shall be run on a bonafide cross-country course properly The start and finish may be within the marked and athletic grounds. The track shall be level for the first 80 metres, and also for the last 80 metres minimum. " The course must be marked preferably with flags of a similar colour which must be observable from a distance of at least 100 metres. The arrangements can be completed by scattering the track with bands of paper of similar colour. When laying out the route very high obstacles should be avoided, so should deep ditches, and dangerous ascents or descents, thick undergrowth and in general all that could constitute a difficulty beyond the aim of the competition.
When a cross-country race is run as a team race, competitors shall count the actual number of" the order in which they arrive. Individuals will not count in this classification, nor the competitors belonging to a club having already four noted as arrived. The classification of each team shall depend of the total formed by the numbers representing the order of finishing of its first four members maximum; the winning team shall be the one which has obtained the smallest total. If a team is uncomplete at the finish, each missing individual shall count the total of competitors in the race by teams plus one. In case of a tie on points, the team whose individual member finished nearest _to first place shall be _the winner. " RULE 50-54 to be omitted, RULE 58. New text:
Javelin.
Construction. - The, javelin shall be of wood with a sharp iron or steel point. The javelin shall be constructed in such way that the space between the foremost point and the centre of gravity is not longer than 95 centimetres, or shorter than 80 centimetres. Grip. - It shall have, the centre of gravity, a grip formed by a binding 15 centimetres broad, of whipcord, without thongs or notches in the shaft, and shall have no other holding than the above-mentioned binding, whose circumference at either edge shall not exceed the circumference of ..the _shaft by more than 25 millimetres. Measurements. - The length shall not be less than 220 centimetres complete as thrown. Weight. - The weight shall not be less than 600 grammes complete as thrown. RULE 59. New text:
Discus.
Construction. - The discus shall be composed of a smooth metal rim, permanently attached to a wood body, brass plates
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51
set flush into the sides of the wood body, and, in the exact centre of the discus, 1;1. means for securing the correct weight. The brass plates shall be circular in form,' having a diameter of not less than 50 millimetres nor more than 57 millimetres. The two sides of the discus shall be identical and have no indentations, projecting points, or sharp edges. The sides shall taper in a straight line from the beginning of the curve of the rim to a line a distance of 25 millimetres from the centre of the discus. Measurements. - The largest dimension shall be a circle not less than 18 centimetres in diameter. The thickness through the exact centre, on a line perpendicular to the diameter, shall be not less than 3.7 centimetres. The thickness at 25 millimetres from the' centre shall be exactly the same as at the centre. The thickness of the rim at a distance of 6 millimetres from the edge shall be not less than 12 millimetres. The edge shall be rounded on a true circle. Weight. - The weight of the discus shall be not less than one kilogramme complete as thrown. A metal discus, complying with the official measurements, conditions and weight, may be used. RULE 60. New text:
Shot.
Construction. - The shot shall be of iron or a brass shell filled with lead and spherical iri shape. Weight. - The shot shall not weigh less than 4 kilogrammes.
o
E NE R.A L;" R UL E S Fa R OLY'MPLC.. EVENT.S
As accepted at the Congress of the Hague, August 1926;
RULE
1:
The Commission. The Commission shall consist of five or seven¡ members .appointed by the International Amateur Athletic Federation and shall manage the field and track events at the Olympic Games. All financial and technical arrangements of the Olympic Games shall be in the hands of the National Olympic Committee organising the Games; but the Commission mentioned above shall supervise the technical arrangements, appoint judges, etc.; as stated hereafter. The organising Committee shall appoint one of its members as liaison officer to the Commission; such liaison officer shall take care of and be responsible for good communication between the Commission and the organising Committee. The organising Committee shall be responsible for part of the travelling expenses of the Commission, but not for those of the international Judges. RULE 2.
RULES 61, 62, 63 to be omitted.
Work of the Commission..
RULE 69,
The Commission shall be the highest authority on the track, act as Jury, and and decide any protests. (See Rule 25 of Athletic Rules for International Competitions). The Commission shall not overrule the decisions of the Referees or Judges' unless it shall find that a distinct mistake has been made. . The Commission shall decide all questions relating to the actual conduct¡ of the Meeting, the final settlement of which is not otherWise covered by the rules.
Hurdles. Modification of the second paragraph: Measurements. - The height of the hurdle shall be 76.2 centimetres. The extreme width of the gate shall be 1.22 metres. The extreme length of base for the uprights shall be 50 centimetres. The total weight of the hurdle shall be 7 kilogrammes. Finish. - The top bar of the gate shall be painted white.
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53
The Commission shall, through special experts, investigate the track and field and the technical arrangements thereof also that implements are in accordance with specifications, not less than 15 'days before the opening of the Games. The report of such experts shall be forwarded by the Commission to the Committee organising the. Games, as soon as possible, WIth the request that certain alterations be made if necessary. .. The Commission. shall meet at the place where the competItIons are to be held not less than eight days before the beginning of the events. It shall see that field and track are in good order, courses properly laid out and measured to conform to all the reqUirements as laid down by the Athletic Rules for International Competitions and that all implements and eqUipment necessary for satisfactory competition are provided. The organising Committee shall have all the implements ready for inspection at least five days before the opening of the games. Should the Commission not find the implements . in accordance with specification, new implements shall be ed as directed by the Commission. . The organising Committee shall hand over to the Commission final entries arranged for the different competitions less than five days before the opening of the Games. The Commission shall accept or reject such entries, arrange the series and heats, and return the result to the organising Committee, which shall publish the' entries with the competitors' numbers in sufficient time before the opening of the' Games. In the event of the track and field upon which the Olympic . Games are to be held not being available for practice, the organising Committee shall prOVide a suitable place for this purpose. ¡RULE 3.
The Athletic Ground. The length of each lap should be 400 or 500 metres. The track for 200 metres dash may' be straight. On the field inside the track there shall be arranged two One of these near the tunnel through which the competitors enter the field, and from which the field a.nd track events shall be managed, and which shall have' telephone
communication with the d.ressing rooms of the athletes, the Press Stand, the Band Stand, the loud speaker, the flag posts, etc., and from which bells may be operated in all dressing rooms, to call the competitors to the start. The other platform will serve as an office for the Commiession in charge of the field and track events. RULE 4.
Officials. Outside the <::ommission there shall be the following officials: One Manager, 3 or. 4 Assistant Managers, One Keeper of the Implements, 2 or more Announcers. One Referee for track events, 3 Starters, 7 Judges at finish, 6 or more Umpires (Inspectors), 9 Timekeepers, One Referee for thrOWing events, 6 or more Judges for throwing events, . One Referee for jumping events, 6 or more Judges for jumping events. One One One One
or more Press Stewards, Official Surveyor, Marshal, or more Field Doctors.
Necessary number of Clerks and Scorers, including LapScorers, . . Necessary number of Assistants. At the running events in Decathlon, as well as in the Marathon race, the numbers of officials must be considerably increased.
55
54 RULE 5.
The Manager. The Manager shall have charge of the field and track events and be responsible for the proper carrying out of the Games. Ten minutes before the time of an event, he shall sound the bells in the dressing rooms, and Announcers shall announce on the field, to. the competitors, the judges and the public, the start of the event. The Manager of the Games shall not leave his stand during the time a competition is going on. After the finish of an event he shall, through his assistants, receive the results from the scorer of such event. All announcements to the public, press, etc., shall be given by the Manager of the Games through the Announcers, Press Stewards, loud spea,kers, .etc. RULE 6.
cular duties: In the case of a difference between the Judges, shall decide and, if necessary, refer to the Commission. When, in any but the final heat of a race, a claim of foul or interference is made, the Referee¡ shall have the power to disqualify the competitor who was at fault, if he considers the or due to culpable carelessness, and shall also have the¡ power to allow the hindered competitor to start in the next round of heats, just as if he had been placed in his trial. When, in a final heat, a claim of foul or interference is made, he shall¡ have the power to disqualify the competitor who was at fault, if he considers the foul intentional or due to culpable carelessness, and he shall also have the power to .order a new race between such of the competitors as he thinks entitled thereto. . RULE 9.
The Assistant Managers.
Other officials.
The Manager shall have three or four Assistant Managers, one for running events, one for jumping events and one for throwing events, etc. The Assistant Managers shall see that starts are carried out and shall follow their particular competitions., 15 minutes before the finish of any competition they shall notify the Manager thereof, in order that he may be prepared for the start of the next event. The Assistant Managers shall at the end of each event collect and hand to the Manager the results given by the scorers.
Regarding other officials, their duties are specified in the Athletic Rules for International Competitions, which apply for all other questions regarding the Olympic Games.
RULE 7.
The Keeper of the Implements. This official shall keep all implements under lock and key and shall be responsible for the implements being at hand in proper time for each event. The keeper of the implements acts directly under the Manager of the Games. . RULE 8.
The Referees. The Referees are responsible for the proper conduct of each event under their control and assign to the Judges their parti-
57
56 R.ule
IN D E X Amateur Status Announcements Announcers Application for World's Records Assistance Assistant Managers (0. G.) Assisting officials Athletic Ground (0. G.) Attempts, see Trials Attendants '" Baton Broad jumps: Rules Take-off board Cage ; Chalk lines Circles ............... : Clerk of the Course Clothing Commission (0. G.) Competition Competitors Courses Cross bar Cross-country (Men) (Ladies) Crossing during races Dead heat Decathlon , scoring : . Direction of running Discus: Rules Implement (Men) " (Ladies) Circle Doctor Drawing for order in the competition
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. .. . .. . . : .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. .
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Page
2-16 6-11 Duties of officials .. 11 17 Entries . 25 47 " , Team race · ·· .. · · 52 2 (0. G.) .. 18 32 Excavation . 9 11 False starts . 28 52 " " , Pentathlon . 29 53 , Decathlon .. , " .. 11 18 Finals . 23 42 Finish .. 8 8 . " , judges 16 28 , .. Finishing order: Jumping 19 35 Throwing .. 42 23. Track . 25 47 Team race , ,.. 28 52 Pentathlon . 20 35 Flags for marking throws . 6, 12 3, 19 . Fouling · .: 16 28 .Grips and weights . Groups, see Heats and groups. Hammer: Rules 40 21 Implement ,.. :.......... 62 40 Circle 64 41 Cage 63 41 Heats and groups..................... 18 11 " , Pentathlon 52 28 , Decathlon :. 53 29 Heavy weight: Rules............. 39 21 Implement 61 39 Circle 64 41 High jumps: Rules (Men)...... 29,30 16, 17 (Ladies)... 29,30 47 Apparatus................................. 55 37 Hop, step and jump :........ 34 19 Hurdle r<;lces: Rules (Men) 43,44,45 23,24 " (Ladies) 43,44 47,48 Apparatus (Men) 69 43
59
58 :Rule
Hurdle races: Apparatus (Ladies) , . Implements : . Inspectors '.' ' .. " , Tug-of-war . . Javelin: Rules Implement (Men) . " (Ladies) .. Judges: Field . Track ............................................................... Walking . Tug-of-war . Jumping events in general (Men) . " """ (Ladies) . Keeper of implements (0. G.) . Lady doctor .. Lanes . " , Relay races . Lap Scorers . Liaison officer (0. G.) .. Loud Speaker . Manager ..
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Marathon . Marshal ......................................................................... Measurements ........................................................... , Jumps . " , Track .. Medical certificate : . Moving of uprights .. Number of attempts, see Trials. Numbers .............................................................. Official implements .. Officials ...................................................................... " (0. G.) . Pentathlon ............................................................. Platforms (0. G.) .. : .. Pole vault: Rules
Page
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:Rule
56' 55'
Page
38 Pole vauit: Implement . 37 . Apparatus .. 31 Ii , . Stop-board 16 II Press Steward .. 21· ·12 Programme, order of competitors'. names . 25 14;45 Protests ................................................................... 18 ··12 Qualification for next round , .. 2614' ,.. Records · 36 Referee ; . 8· ,54 Referees (0. G.) . · 23 ,13 , . Refreshments 4624 Relay races .. 70 44 " " , baton .. 7 8 Scorers: Field . · 12 10 Track ; ; . · 13 10 Lap .. 35,66 19,42 Sector . 67 42 Sector flags , , . 38 21 Shot: Rules , .. 60 39 Implement (Men) . · 60 50 " (Ladies) . 64 41 Circle . 65 ,42 Stop-board .';' , .. 68 42 Stand for Judges at finish .. 55 37 Standards . 11 9 Starter . 21 12 Starting order ;. 48 25 Steeple-chase . 31 17 Stop-board: Pole vault .. 39,65 21,42 Shot-putting . 14 10 Surveyor .. 57 38 Take-off board . 47 25 . Team race .............................................. 3519 Throwing events in general (Men) ,.. 35 .47 (Ladies) . 24 13 Ties . 47 25 . " , Team race . '
60 Ties, Pentathlon " , Cross-country (Ladies) Timekeepers ' Timing , for Records : " , Pentathlon , Decathlon Track Trials " , number of attempts, Jumping , Throwing , Pentathlon ". " ,Decathlon " Tug-of-war Umpires Uprights Use of implements: Vaulting pole Javelin '" Vaulting pole ; Walking rules : Water-jump , World's Records (Men) '" " ,,(Ladies)
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