IAAF HandBook 1971/72 by The Marshal

I.A.A.F. PUBLICATIONS LA.A.F. Handbook 1971/72 (English) Price SOp LA.A.F. Handbook 1971/72 (French) Price SOp LA.A.F. Bulletin (3 copies per year in English and French) Subscription ·SOp LA.A.F. Scoring Tables for Men's Track and Field Events. Price SOp LA.A.F. Scoring Tables for Women's Track and Field Events. (l971 edition) Price 30p LA.A.F. Progressive World Record Lists-1913-1970. £1 (lOOp). (All records ratified up to 31.12.70 included. Price also includes 1971 supplementary list when published) . Metric Conversion Tables International Edition Standard Edition Pocket Edition

80p 40p ISp

Designs for 400 m. Track and Field Terrain (4 designs) 1 Athletic arena lay-out; 2 Markings and Staggers; 3 Steeplechase courses; 4 Field events-constructional details Prices: Complete set £1 (lOOp). Nos 1 and 2: 30p. No. 3: 20p No. 4: 40p All prices include handling and surface mail postage costs Discount rates: 10 copies or 20 copies-20% 50 copies-30% Copies of the above publications can be obtained from the INTERNATIONAL AMATEUR ATHLETIC FEDERATION 162 UPPER RICHMOND ROAD, PUTNEY, LONDON, S.W.lS

This Handbook is copynght and no part may be reproduced without the permission of the Council of the International Amateur Athletic Federation.

U'I

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INTERNATIONAL AMATEUR ATHLETIC FEDBRATION FOUNDED in 1912 OFFICIAL HANDBOOK 1971/72 Address:

162, Upper Richmond Road, Putney, Lpndon, S.W.I5.

Cables:

"Marathon," London, S.W.I5.

Telephone:

01-789-3853

President: THE MARQUESS OF EXETER,

Honorary Life Vice-Presidents: Bo EKELUND E. J. H. HOLT, D. T. P. PAIN Honorary Secretary-Treasurer: F. W. HOLDER Executive Director: J. B.

HOLT

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2 CONTENTS

Rules

Page

DIVISION I 3

Foreword The Federation History ... '" ... Officers, Council, Committees Panel of International Walking Judges ... Medical Advisory Panel, Veterans List of Members

14 15 18

DIVISION II Constitution of I.A.A.F. Eligibility and Amateur Status

1-16 51-54

37 61

101 111-126 141-149 161-168 171-175 181-185 191-192 195

64 64

75 96 118 125 131 134

201-216

136

381

159 161 168 170

DIVISION III International Competitions General Section I Officials II Competition Rules (General) " ill Running Events ... " IV Jumping Events " V Throwing Events " VI Walking Events ... " Pentathlon-Decathlon "VU " VIII Specifications for Official Implements and Apparatus

DIVISION IV Statistics List of Events for which World Records are recognised ... .., World Track and Field Records Olympic Games Records ... World Championships-Mexico INDEX

173

FOREWORD Once again it is my pleasant task to present to you the official Handbook of the International Amateur Athletic Federation for 1971/72. Our last Handbook was issued in 1969, and once again in the last twt> years it has been largely a story of steady progress. We have now 141 affiliated Members. Major athletic events have taken place all over the world, not only in Regional Games and Championships, but in International Matches and Meetings, and it is very rewarding to note the increase in the number of entries and the rising standard of performance. We held a successful Congress at Stockholm at the time of the final of the European Cup, at which 51 Members were present, and much useful work was transacted for the benefit of world athletics. All our Members are now busily engaged in their preparations for the Olympic Games in Munich in 1972. Once again I must emphasise that our responsibility rests with the athletes of the world; merit in athletics alone must be the test of the rating of achievement. We must not allow leaders to use our movement as a weapon. If they are successful, it will destroy the immeasurable contribution that amateur sport can make to mankind. This would indeed be a tragedy and we must have firmly in our minds when deciding our various problems that the common bonds of sport and sportsmanship are the measure, and not politics. A year ago our Honorary Secretary, Mr Donald Pain, informed us that he was resigning on the grounds of health. For 17 years he has carried the heat and burden of the day with such outstanding success, and he will indeed be missed. A full tribute was paid to him at the Stockholm Congress and unanimously and with acclaim he was elected to the position of Honorary Life Vice-President. The Congress elected Mr F. W. Holder in his place, and here again we are fortunate to have a man of such recognised ability and character to fill this position in

which many of the problems to be faced are far from easy. I feel sure Members will agree that he is already showing what a wise decision this was. In the immediate past, Miss Fox too has resigned, after a long life devoted to the cause of amate ur sport, first with the British Olympic Association and then with almost 20 yea!8 of devoted service to the I.A.A .F. She has a host of fnends throughout the movement who I know wish me to express their appreciation for all that she has done, and to wish her long life and a happy retirement. Finally, once again, I should like to thank Mr J. B. Holt, our Director, for the invaluable work which he has carried out with such assiduity and enthusiasm. EXETER, President January 1971 162 Upper Richmond Road, Putney, London, S.W.I5.

5 HISTORY On 17th July, 1912, representa:tives from the athletic associations of Australasia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Norway, Russia and United States of America met in Stockholm to discuss the poss'j:biJioty of forming an International Amateur ,4thletic Federation, the need for which had become appar ent owing to the development in international contes.ts and the Olympic Games. A universal code oif rules and regU'lations and a common amate ur definition . accep1:afble throughout the world had become essential. - It was also desired to establish an authentic register of World and Olympic records. Under the patronage of H.R.H . The Crown Prince of Sweden a provis'io'nal committee was formed comprising Messrs. J. Sigfrid Edstrom (Sweden) as President, HeIIstrom (Sweden) as Hono rary Secretary, Carl DIem (Germany), P. L. Fisher (01. Britain) Pierre Roy (France), S. Stankovits (Hungary), and James E. Sullivan (United States of America), and following their deliberations the inaugural meeting of the lA.A. F. took place in the Preussiches Abgeordnetenhaus, Berlin, 20thÂˇ 23rd August, 1913, when the following countries were represented: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Norway, SoutJh Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and United States of America. . The first officers and members of the Council to be elected were: President, Mr. J. Sigfrid Edstrom; Hon. Secretary-Treasurer, Mr. Kristian Hellstrom' Mem'bers of Messrs. C. Diem (Germany), P; L. Fisher (Umted Kmgdom), F. Reichel (France), S. Stankovits (Hungary), J. E. SuliJivan (D.S.A.). those early.days, much has been accomplished, and wtthout questIOn, the control exercised by the

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Federation during its 58 years of existence has been essential and of great benefit to the sport. The steady growth of the Federation in ,the years up to 1950 accelerated in the next two decades, and, by the end of 1970, Member countries in affiliation numbere? r.nany of the countries recently affiliated, athletIcs IS st!ll In .an early stage of development, and every effort ;18 bemg made to promote its growth. A notable development on the internationall front has been the spread of and Games and Championships. whIch are of. in assessing overall progress and In provIdIng an mcentive to all countries within the group. The lA.A.F. is able to give aSS'fstance !<> ,the organisers of these champIOnshIps. and, ID pa:ttcular, an official representative is appointed by CouncIl1 to attend and help where necessary. ' With ever increasing aotivity throughout the World, some decentraIisatio'n has become necessary, and 1970 saw the official oirth of the Association of European Members of the I.A.A.F. (B.A.A.). The original primary function of the forme.r European Committee, which was to control the stagmg of European Championships, has now been mu?h expanded, .and the lar staging of Indoor champIonships, JUOlor ships, the European Cup, and, whenever Intercontinental matohes ensures th3Jt the newly elected E.A.A. Council has a comprehensive athletic programme for the future as a permanent item on its agenda. The sphere of women's athletics has, during the Ilast two years, seen the successful introduction of the 100 m. and 200 m. hurdle distances. the 4 x 400 m. Relay as well as the logical change to four runners in the 4 x 800 m. Relay. Initial World Records at these distances have, understandably. been comparatively numerous. The time has again come when the points table in use for the women's Pentathlon and other events has to

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be reviewed. New tableS for the 400 m., 1500 m., and 200 m. Hurdles are to be provided in addition to the re-evaluation of existing tables. and 'these new tables covering all events will come into force in 197,1. At the xxvn I.A.A.F. Congress in Stockholm, there were few changes in the technical rules. However, following the report of a sub-section of the Medical Advisory Panel, a more comprehensIve Dopmg Rule was adopted by Congress, which i'5 incorporaoted in the present Rule 144. Sponsorship in the context of amateur athletics was the subject of considerable discussion 'by delegates. and it was hoped that the specimen ,contract provided by the I.A.A.F. whiohMembers could adopt would prove to be in the best mterests of both Athletic Federations and manufacturers of athletic equipment. An important aspect of the I.A.A.F.'s work has always been the production of Handbooks, Scoring Tables and similar publications, and the last two years have seen ,the introduction of a regular Bulletin to provide a source of reference to Members for championship results, new rule changes and items of current interest. In addition, the third edition of the "I.A.A.F. Progressive World Record Lists" appeared also in 1970, and it is worth noting here that members of the Association of Track and Field Statisticians (A.T.F.S.) on this production. underlining the ever increasing role of statistics in our sport today. Coaching visits have continued under the I.A.A.F. scheme within ,the limit of the funds a and this, linked with the ever increasing athletic aotiVity organised in all continents by lA.A.F. Members, underlines the constant aim of the Federation-to establish closer links between itself and national governing bodies. and to increase the liaison between athletic leaders in a'll parts of the world.

9 COUNCIL

The Marquess of Exeter, President, LA.A.F., 162 Upper Richmond Road, London, S.W.15. F. W. Holder, Honorary Secretary-Treasurer, LA.A.F. 162 Upper Richmond Road, London, S.W.15. *H. M. Agabani, P.O. Box 1525, Khartoum, Republic of Sudan. E. Bosak, Na Mydlatce 9 Praha 6-Dejvice, Czechoslovakia. R. Cavero, Real Federacion Espafiola de Atletismo, Calle Miguel Angel 16, Madrid 10, Spain. *J. C. da Cos'ta, Av. N.S. Copacabana 380, Apt. 1102, Rio de Janeiro. Brazil. M. Danz, Ochsenallee I! 2, Kassel, Germany. R. Dubief, Federation Fran9ÂŁlise d'Ath16tisme, 10 rue du Faubourg Poissonniere, Paris IOe, France. *0. J. Ferris, Amateur Athletic Union of the U.S.A., Room 1600, 444 Madison Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10022, U.S.A. *A. J. Hodsdon, Amateur Athletic Union of Australia, 41 Carlingford Road, Epping, N.S.W. 2121, Australia. L. Khomenkov, Light Athletic Federation of the U.S.S.R., Skatertny 4, Moscow 69. U.S.S.R. J. LindahI, Forsvarets Fabriksverk 63187, Eskilstuna, Sweden. *M. Oda, 26-12 Kamiyama-cho, Shibuya-ku Tokyo, Japan. *A. Paulen, 129 Akerstraat Noord, Treebeek, The Netherlands. J. Sir, Kekgolyo u.4. Budapest XII, Hungary. *Area Group Representative.

TECHNICAL COMMITfEE P. Sober. Chairman, 2411 Webb Avenue, Apt. 5D, Bronx. New York. N.Y. 10468, U.S.A. F. W. Holder, Honorary Secretary 1.A.A.F.. 162 Upper Richmond Road. London. S.W.15. H. M. Abmhams, 64 Abingdon Road, London, W.8, England. E. Clemme. 18 Avenue du Karreveld, Brussels, Belgium. J. W. Davies, 3449 Vendome Avenue. Montreal 28, Quebec, Canada. P. Dasriaux, Federation Fran93-ise d'Athletisme 10, rue du Faubourg Poissonniere. Paris We, France. W. Gerutto, u1. Walecznych 36 a ID 4, Warsaw, Poland. L. Jall, 8 Munich 19, Schluderstr. 32, Germany. A. Jorbeck, Erik Sandbergsgatan 17, Solna, Sweden. V. Kanturek, Vinohradska 135, Zizkov, Prague, 3, Czechoslovakia. J. Lehtinen, Sande1sinkatu 6, Helsinki, Finland. O. Massimi. Regina Margherita 111, Rome, Italy. C. Moreno, Maregeo 359, Mexico 17. D.F. Mexico. M. Oda. 26-12 Kamiyama-Cho. Shibuya-Ku. Tokyo, Japan. A. Paulen. 129 Akerstraat Noord. Treebeek. The Netherlands. E. Rose, Rolighedesvej 22, Copenhagen V, Denmark. P. Stepanenko. Light Athletic Federation of the U.S.S.R., Skatertnyi pereulok 4, Moscow 69, U.S.S.R.

WOMEN'S COMMITTEE Miss M. Hartman. ChairJ?1an, 41 Hayward Court, Levehurst Way, London, S.W.4. 1. H. Moerman, Hon. Secretary, Brinkstraat 53 bv, Amsterdam-O, Netherlands. Miss J. Bellew, 1224 Whitaker Way, Mento Park, California. U.S.A. H. Birkemeyer, Berlin-Hohenschonhausen. SchaTIfiweber Str. 11. German Democratic Republ'ic. N. Carlius. St. Pedersgatan 11. Halsinborg. Sweden. E. Dudzinski, UJ Bzeznicza 14m. 59, Krakow, Poland. Mrs. L. Leveleki, Magyar Athletikai Szovetsek VI. Budapest V.â&#x20AC;˘ Hungary. Mrs. D. 1. Magee, 26, French Street. Marouba, N.S.W. Australia . . P. Schmoll. Federation Fran9aise d'Athletisme. 10 rue du Faubourg Poissonniere. Paris 10e. France. P. Stassano. Federazione Italia'll'a di Adetica Leggeld, Viale Tiziano 70, Rome, Italy. Mrs. D. Zatopkova, U. puikovny 8, Prague I, Czechoslovakia CROSS COUNTRY COMMITTEE E. Hermes, Chairman, 68 Avenue d'Auderghen, Brussels, Belgium. F. W. Holder. Honorary Secretary I.A.A.F.. 162 Upper Richmond Road, London, S.W.15, 'England. L. J. Cohen, 34 Lower Kenwood Avenue, Enfield, Middlesex, England. G. Diamanti, Federazione ltaliana di Atletica Leggera, Viale Tiziano 70, Rome, Italy. C. Eins, lm Bogen 12, Potsdam, German Democratic Republic. L. Fiser, CezkoslovenskY atleticky svaz, Na Pone! 12, Praha 1. Czechoslovakia. 10 rue H. Meley, Federation du Fau1bourg Pohronniere, Patiis 1Ge, FI1ance.

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12 A. Scandurra. A.A.D. House, 3400 West 86th Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, U.S.A. *G. L. N. Dunn, Woodlin, 5 Granta Terrace, Stapleford, Cambridgeshire, England. *F. Mingels, L.R.B.A., 61-63 rue du Marche aux Herbes, Bruxelles 1, Belgium. *R. Puignau, R.F.E.A., Calle Miguel Angel 16, Madrid 10, Spain. tV. Maltopol, Federatia Romina de Atletism, Str. Vasile, Conta No. 16, Bucharest, Rumania. *Nominees of International Cross-Country Union. tNominees of Balkan Cross-Country Commi'ttee.

WALKING COMMI'ITEE G. Oberweger, Chairman, Viale Pinturicchio 34, Rome, Italy. F. W. Holder, Hon. Secretary lA.A.F., 162 Upper Richmond Road, London, S.W.15 England. B. Fehervari, Bokanvi Dezsoutca 3, Budapest VI, Hungary. P. Lassen, Dansk Gangforbund, Vester Voldgade 11, 1552 Copenhagen V, Denmark. A. Libotte, Viganello, Lugano, Switzerland. S. Nishida, 877 Shimoda-Cho, Kohoku-ku, Y okohama, Japan. F. Pryor, 84 Ardrossan Gardens, Worcester Park, Surrey, England. V. Sharp, A.A.V. of Australia, 17 Telethon Avenue, Athelstone 5076, Australia. H. Stahl Ziegenhainer Strasse 12. 6 Frankfurt, Germany. H. Sulak, U. Rajske zahrady 6, Praha 3. Czechoslovakia. F. Szyszka, Polski Zwiazek Lekkiej Atletyki, Warsaw 1, ut. Foksal19, Poland. J. B. Tigerman, 6823 North Ha:milton, Chicago, Ill. 60645, U.S.A.

13 COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION (Association of European Members of The I.A.A.F.). A. Paulen, President, 129 Akerstraat Noord, Treebeek, The Netherlands. L. Khomenkov, Vice-President, Light Athletic Federation of the U.S.S.R., Skatertnyi pereulok 4, Moscow 69, U.S.S.R. P. Dasriaux, Honorary Secretary, Federation d'Athl6ti'sme, 10 rue du Faubourg Poissonniere, Paris lOe, France. R. Dubief, Honorary Treasurer, Federation d'Athletisme, 10 rue du Faubourg Poissonniere, Paris 10e, fiance. M. Danz, Ochsenallee 1/2, Kassel, Germany. J. Frauenlob, 110 chemin de la Montagne, 1224 Chene-Bougeries, Geneva, Switzerland. W. Gerutto, uJ. Walecznych 36 a m 4, Warsaw, A. A. Gold, 49 Friern Mount Drive, Whetstone, London, N.20, England. E. Rose, Rolighedsvej 22, Copenhagen V. Denmark. J. Sir, Kekgolyo u.4. Budapest XII, Hungary. P. Stassano, Federazione ltaliana di Atletica Leggera, Palazzo delle Federazioni, Viale Tiziano 70, Rome, Italy. A. Takac, c/o International Olympic Committee, Chateau de Vidy, Lausanne, 1007, Switzerland. T. Todorov, BuJgarian Athletic Federation, 18 Tolboukhine Bd, Sofia, Bulgaria. A. Valste, Suomen Urheilulitto ry, Box 25202, Helsinki, Finland. G. Wieczisk, Deutscher Verband fUr Leichtathletik der D.D.R., 1055 Berlin, Storkower Strasse 118. The President and Honorary Secretary-Treasurer of the lA.A.F. are ex-officio members of the E.A.A. Council.

PANEL OF INTERNATIONAL WALKING JUDGES AustraHa G. Rosenov Poland D. M. Keane H. Waterling F. Szyszka J. A. Larkin M. Weber R. Markowski J. S. MacDougall Rumania P. S. McCavanagh Great Britain & Northern Ireland I. Paraschivescu V. B. Sharp W.F.Amer Sweden Bulgaria H. S. Bassett S. Bjorklund V. Vladimirov W. Batson R. Carlson B. G. Yanev W. Bell H. Ekenmyr N. W. Easlea F. Eriksson Canada J. Hackwood A. Kallenheim H. Cieman A. H. Harley B. Ohren A. Keay W. J. Harris A. Thureson S. Pryor Czechoslovakia C. Widen E. Staker F. Horsky H. H. Whitlock V. Klempir Switzerland B. Klir R. Crausaz Hungary F. Mikes V. Daguet P. Bacsalmasi H. Sulak A. Libotte B. Fehervari J. Svoboda L. Marquis S. Lazlo Z. Trefny L. Majzik F. Voboril US.S.R. F. Simek A. Fruktov L. Vaczi Denmark A. Issurin P. Lassen N. Kalinin Italy A. Mikhailov Finland A. Bollini F. Rennel M. W. Hyytiainen A. Callegari P. Stepenenko G. Oberweger France M. Tomalin F. Porta F. Jenevein M. Royer Japan US.A. K. Narita W. H. Chisholm Germany N. Tsuda P. Jachelski R. Kruger H. H. Laskau A. A. Schna:bel Netherlands H. Rappaport H. Stahl A. F. C. Toscani M. B. Rosenstein German DemoW. H. Ross Norway cratic Republic C. R. Silcock W. Horlemann P. Baamaas J. B. Tigerman

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MEDICAL ADVISORY PANEL Dr. M. Danz, Chairman, Ochsenallee 1/2, Kassel, Germany. Dr. R. Andrivet, IN.S.,ll ave. du Tremblay, Paris 12e, France. Dr. W. Areno, Rua Goncalves Crespo 438, Rio de Janeiro,.ZC-10, Brazil. Prof. A. Beckett, 139 Harley Street, London, W. 1. England. Dr. A. Bilik, c/o Warsaw 1, ul. Foksal 19, Poland. Dr. M. Hoppner, 1055 Berlin. Storkower Strasse 118, G.D.R. Prof. Dr. L. Prokop, 1090 Vienna, Kolingasse 6/34, Austria. Prof. Dr. H. ReindeU, 78 Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, Germany. Prof. Dr. J. M. Van Rossum, Kapittelweg40, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Dr. G. Worobiew, Skatertnyi pereulok 4, Moscow 69, U.S.S.R. VETERANS OF THE I.A.A.F. H.M. The King of Sweden The Marquess of Exeter, (G.B. & N.!.). Harold M. Abr(lihams, (G.B. & N. 1.). Hanji Aoki (Japan). Kinichi Asano (Japan). Robert Atlasz (Israel). Harold I. Austad (New Zealand). Karl Beuermann (Germany). Emil Bosak (Czechoslovakia). Avery Brundage (D.S.A.). Emile Clemme (Belgium). Ernest H. L. Clynes, (G.B. & N.I.). Joao C. da Costa (Brazil) Max Danz (Germany). Pierre Dasriaux (France). Jack W. Davies (Canada). Roger Dubief (France). Bo Ekelund (Sweden).

Dan J. Ferris (D.S.A.). Pedro Galvez (Peru). Arthur Gold (G.B. & N.I.). Giovanni Guabello (Italy). Edouard Hermes (Belgium). Arthur J. Hodsdon. (Australia). Ernest J. H. Holt. (G.B. & N.!.). Axel J orbeck (Sweden). Ni'colai Kalinin (U.S.S.R.). Hiromu Kasuga (Japan). U. Kekkonen (Finland). Leonid Khomenkov (U.S.S.R.). Karel Knenicky (Czechoslovakia). Stan G. (New Zealand). Armando Libotte (Switzerland). J acob Lindahl (Sweden). Bo Lindman (Sweden). Dino Nai (Italy). George Oberweger (Italy). Donald T. P. Pain, (G.B. & N.!.). J al Pardivala (India). Adrian Paulen (Netherlands). Lauri Pihkala (Finland). Mme. Z. Romanova (U.S.S.R.). Erhard Schoeber (G.D.R.). Jean R. Seurin (France). Joseph Sir (Hungary). Pincus Sober (D.S.A.). Kee Chung Sohn (Korea). Pasquale Stassano (Italy). Peter Stepanenko (U.S.S.R.). Artur Takac (Yugoslavia). Olav Tendeland (Norway). Pierre T onelli (France). T. Tulikoura (Finland). Hugh Weir, (Australia). Harold H. Whitlock, (G.B. & N.I.). Deceased Sir Harry J. Barclay (G.B. & N.I.).

William M. Barnard (G.B. & N.!.). Harold Berliner (D.S.A.). Friedrich Burger (Germany). J. E. Chryssafis (Greece).. Jack C. G. Crump (G.B. & N.I.). Charles J. Dieges (D.S.A.). Carl Diem (Germany). J. Sigfrid Edstrom (Sweden). Leopold Englund (Sweden). Tage Ericson (Sweden). C. Forys (poland). J. Genet (France). Francis Guilleux (France). - Kristian Hellstrom (Sweden). Murray Hulbert (D.S.A.). Evan A. Hunter (South Africa). G. Jurgenson (France). Hilding Kjel1man (Sweden). GuStavus T. Kirby (D.S.A.). S. Kishi (Japan). Joe B. MacCabe (U.S.A.). E. S. Marks (Australia). Paul Mericamp (France). J. G. Merrick (Canada). J ustus W. Meyerhof (Germany). Lauri Miettinen (Finland). F. A. Moran (Eire). Naili Moran (Turkey) Mogens Oppegaard (Norway). Franz Reichel (France). Karl Ritter von Halt (Germany). Oscar Rosenvinge-Kolderup (Norway). F. W. Rubien (D.S.A.). Johanties Runge (Germany). G. V. A. Schofield (G.B. & N.!.). G. D. Sondi (India). Szilard Stankovits (Hungary). Robert M. Thompson (D.S.A.). Hermann WraschtiI (Austria). Bruno Zauli (Italy).

UST OF MEMBERS

BAHAMAS (C) Bahamas Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 5517, Nassau, Bahamas. Founded 1952.

The letters in parenthesis denote the grouping of the Member country. (Rule 4) AFGHANISTAN National Olympic Federation, Kabul, Afghanistan. Cables: Olympic, Kabul. ALBANIA Federation Albanaise d'Athletisme, Rruga Kongresi Permetit 41, Tirane, Albania. Cables: Albsport, Tirane.

(B) Founded 1930 (D)

Founded 1930.

BARBADOS AmateurAthletic Association of Barbados, P.O. Box 46, Bridgetown, Barbados, N.W.I. Cables: Mission Barbados. Founded 1947. BELGIUM (A) Ligue Royale BeIge d'Athletisme, 61-63 rue du Marche-aux-Herbes, Bruxellesl,Belgium. Cables: Belgathletic-Bruxelles Founded 1889.

ALGERIA (C) Federation Algerienne d'Athletisme, 3,Place Emil Abdelkader, Alger, Algeria Founded 1963.

BERMUDA (D) Amateur Athletic Union of Bermuda, P.O. Box 1026, Hamilton, Bermuda. Founded 1946.

ANTIGUA (D) Antigua Amateur Athletic and Cycling Association P.O. Box 349, St. John's, Antigua. Founded 1960.

BOLIVIA Federaci6n Atletico de Bolivia, Casilla 2790, La Paz, Bolivia.

ARGENTINE (A) Confederaci6n Argentina de Atletismo, Calle Peru 1360, Buenos Aires, Republic of Argentina. Founded 1954. AUSTRALIA (AA) The Amateur Athletic Union of Australia, 41, Carlingford Road, Epping, N.S.W. 2121, Australia. Cables: Amathunion, Sydney. Founded 1897. (A) AUSTRIA Osterreichischer Leichtathletik-Verband, Vienna 1040, Prinz Eugenstrasse 12, Austria. Cables: l>LV Wien. Founded 1902.

(C)

Founded 1929.

BRAZIL

(A) Brasileira de Desportos, Rua da Alfandega 70, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Founded 1914. Cables: Desportos, Rio de Janeiro.

BRITISH HONDURAS (D) British Honduras Amateur Athletic Association, Post Office Box 146, Belize, British Honduras, C.A. Cables: "Three A", Belize, British Honduras. Founded 1956. BRUNEI (D) Brunei Amateur Athletic Association, c/o Brunei Shell Petroleum Co. Ltd., Seria, State of Brunei. Cables: BAAA, c/o Brunshell, Seria. Founded 1953.

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BULGARIA (A) Bulgarian Athletic Federation, 18, Tolboukhine Bd, Sofia, Bulgaria. Cables: Besefese Sofia. Founded 1949. BURMA Burma Track and Field Federation, Aungsan Memorial Stadium, Rangoon, Burma.

CAMBODIA (D) Federation Cambodgienne d'Athletisme Amateur, No. 1 Vithei Oknha Keth, Phnom-Penh, Cambodia. Cables: Fedathletism Khmer. P. Penh. Founded 1936. CAMEROONS (D) Federation Camerounaise d'Athletisme, RP. 353, Yaounde, Republique Federale du Cameroun. Founded 1959. CANADA (AA) Canadian Track and Field Association, 370, Putney Avenue, St. Lambert, P. of Quebec, Canada. Founded 1889. CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC (D) Federation Centrafricaine d'Athletisme, RP. 964, Bangui, R.C.A. Cables: Fedath, Bangui. Founded 1962. CEYLON (C) Ceylon Amateur Athletic Association, Mr P. A. S. Perera, Univ. of Ceylon, Thurstan Rd, Ceylon 3. Founded 1922. CHILE CB) Federaci6n Atletica de Chile, Casilla No. 820, Calle San Francisco No. 259, Santiago de Chile. Cables: Fedachi. Founded 1917.

REPUBLIC OF CHINA CC) Rep. of China Track and Field Association, P.O. Box 4130, Taipei,.Taiwan. Cables: Trackfield. Founded 1914. COLOMBIA (B) Asociacion Colombiana de Atletismo Amateur, Calle 11 No. 9-26 Of. 503 Bogota D.E. Colombia. Cables: Ascodatle, Bogota. Founded 1937. CONGO (BRAZZAVILLE) (D) Federation Congolaise d'Athletisme, RP. 2158, Brazzaville, Republique du Congo. Founded 1962. CONGO (KINS,HASA) (D) Federation Nationale Congolaise d' Fenaca, RP. 664, Matete, Kinshasa, Republique du Congo. Founded 1949. Reformed 1963. (D) COSTA RICA Federaci6n Nacional de Atletismo de Costa Rica, Direcci6n General de Deportes, San Jose, Costa Rica, C.A. Founded 1960. Cables: Dgdeportes, San Jose. (A) CUBA Union Atletica de Amateurs de Cuba, Hotel Habana Libre. Calle L. entre 23 y 25, Vedado, Habana, Cuba. Founded 1922. Cables: Olimoicuba. Habana. (AA) CZECHOSLOVAKIA Cezkoslovensky atletick ysvaz, Na Pofici 12, Prague 1, Czechoslovakia. Cables: Sportsvaz Atleticky, Praha. Founded 1897 DAHOMEY (D) Federation Dahomeenne d'Athletisme (F.D.A.), RP. 197, Porto-Novo, Dahomey. Founded 1960. Cables: Dirsports Porto-Novo.

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(A) DENMARK Dansk AtWetik Forbund, Vester Voldgade Nr. 11, 1552 Copenhagen, V., Denmark. Cables: DafatWetik. Founded 1907. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC (D) Federacion Dominicana de Atletismo Aficionado, Calle 26 Casa 25, Ensanche Luperon, Santo Domingo, Founded 1953. Republica Dominicana. (D) ECUADOR Asociacion Ecuatoriana de Atletismo, Casilla 3409, Guayaquil Ecuador. Founded 1925. Cables: Fedenador. (A) EIRE Bord LuthcWeas Na h'Eireann, Moran's Hotel, Talbot Street, Dublin 1, Eire. Cables: Athletics, Dublin. Founded 1937. ETIDOPIA (B) National Ethiopian AtWetics Federation, Haile Selassie I Stadium, P.O. Box 3241, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 5. Founded 1961. Cables: NESCO, Addis Ababa. (D) FIJI Fiji Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 1175, Founded 1949. Suva, Fiji. (AA) FINLAND Suomen Urheiluliitto ry, Box 25202, Helsinki, Finland. Founded 1906. Cables: Urheiluliitto, Helsinki. (AA) FRANCE Federation Franc;aise d' 10, rue du Faubourg Poissonniere, Paris X, France. Cables: Fedalthletii. Founded 1920.

23 GAOON Federation Gabonaise d'Athletisme Amateur, B.P. 1186, Libreville, _ Repu bliq ue, GabonaJise. Founded 1961. The Gambia Amateur Athletic Association,

clo P.O. Box 323. Bathurst, Gambia, W. Africa. Cables: Athletics, Gambia.

Founded 1960.

GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC (AA) Deutscher Verband flir Leichtathletik der DDR 1055 Berlin, ' Storkower Strasse 118, G.D.R. Cables: Leichtathletik Berlin. Founded 1950. GERMANY (AA) Deutscher Leichtathletik Verband, 35, Kassel, Friedrich-Ebert-Strasse 137, Germany. Founded 1898. Cables: Leichtathletik Ka,ssel. Reformed 1949. GHANA (B) Ghana Amateur AtWetic Association, Sports Council of Ghana, P.O. Box 1272, Accra, Ghana, W. Africa. Cables: Ghansport. Founded 1944. GIBRALTAR (D) Gibraltar Amateur Athletic Association, 4, Lynchs Lane, Gibraltar. Founded 1954. GREAT BRITAIN & NORTHERN IRELAND (AA) British Amateur AtWetic Board, 26, Park Crescent, London, WIN 4BQ. Cables: Athlete London. Founded 1880. GREECE (A) Association Hellenique d'Athletisme Amateur (SEGAS), rue Amerikis, Athens, Greece. Cables: Segas, Athens Founded 1897.

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24 GRENADA (D) Grenada Amateur Athletic and Cycling Association, P.O. Box 216, Burns Point, St George's, Grenada. Founded 1924. GUATEMALA (D) Federacion Nacional de Atletismo, Palacio de Los Deportes, Guatemala City, Guatemala, C.A. Cables: Cdag, Guatemala. Founded 1945. GUINEA (D) Federation Guineenne d'AtWetisme Amateur, Ministere de l'Education NationaJe de la Jeunesse et de la Culture, (Direction Service des Sports), RP. 262, Conakry, Republique de Guinee. Cables: J.R.D.A. Conakry RP. 262. Founded 1960. GUYANA (C) Amateur AtWetic Association of Guyana, 117 Third Street, Alberttown, Georgetown, Guyana. Founded 1948. HAITI (D) Commission Nationale d'Athletisme, P.O. Box 537, Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Reformed 1969. HONDURAS (D) Federacion Nacional Deportiva Extraescolar, Tegucigalpa, D.e., Honduras, C.A. Founded 1951. HONG KONG (D) Hong Kong Amateur Athletic Association, G.P.O. Box 280, Hong Kong. Founded 1951. HUNGARY (AA) Magyar Athletikai Szovetseg, Budapest, XIV. Istvanmezei-ut 5, Hungary. Cables: Masz-Budapest. Founded 1897.

25 ICELAND (B) Frjalsiprottasamband Islands, P.O. Box 1099, IprottamidstOdinni Laugardal, Reykjavik, Iceland. Cables: Idrottasamband. Founded 1912. INDIA (A) Amateur Athletic Federation of India, Rawadia Mohalla, Nagra-Ajmer (Rejasthan), India. Founded 1946. INDONESIA (C) Persatuan Atletik Seluruh Indonesia (PASI), Djalan Tosari No. 9, Djakarta, Indonesia. Cables: PASI, Kesehatantiga Djakarta. Founded 1950 IRJ\N (B) Iranian Amateur Track and Field Federation, P.O. Box 11-1642. Teheran, Iran. Cables: Sportsiran. Founded 1936. IRJ\Q (D) Iraq Amateur Athletic Federation, c/o. Army School of Physical Training, Mu'askar Al-rashid, Baghdad, Iraq. Founded 1948.

ISRAEL Sports Federation ofIsrael, (S.F.I.), P.O. Box 4575, Tel Aviv, Israel. Cables: Sportisfed, Israel.

(B) Founded 1931.

ITALY (AA) Federazione Italiana di Atletica Leggera, viale Tiziano 70, 00100 Rome, Italy. Cables: Fidalroma. Founded 1906.

- - -

26 IVORY COAST (C) Federation Ivoirienne d'Athletisme, Boulevard Lagunaire. RP. 2844, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. Founded 1960. JAMAICA (A) Jamaica Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 272, Kingston 5, Jamaica, W. Indies. Cables: Jamathletic, Jamaica. Founded 1932. JAPAN (AA) Nippon Rikujo-Kyogi Renmei, 1-1-1 Kannami, Shibuya-Ku, Tokyo 150, Japan. Cables: Zennihon, Tokyo. Founded 1925. JORDAN (D) The Jordanian Amateur Athletic Federation, P.O. Box 413, Amman, Jordan. Founded 1961. KENYA (A) Kenya Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 6722, Nairobi, Kenya. Founded 1951. KOREA (C) Korean Amateur Athletic Federation, P.O. Box 106, K.W.M., Seoul, Korea. Cables: KOAAA, Seoul. Founded 1945. D.P.R. KOREA (C) Amateur Athletic Association of The Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Moonsin-Dong 2, Dongdaiwon District, Pyongyang, D.P.R. of Korea. Cables: D.P.R.K. Athletic. KUWAIT (D) Kuwait Athletic P.O. Box 5499, FahadAs Salem Street, Ahmad Al-mahry Building, 3rd Floor Flat No. 11, Kuwait, Arabian Gulf. Cables: Athletic, Kuwait. Founded 1957,

27 LAOS CD) Federation d'Athletisme du Laos, c/o Direction Generale de la Jeunesse et des Sports, RP. 268 Vientiane, Laos. Cables: Fa! Dirsports, Vientiane. Founded 1958. LEBANON' Federation Libanaise d'Athletisme, P.O. Box 5601, Beyrouth, Liban. Cables: Katorlkan-BEYRUT. LESOTHO Lesotho Sports Association, P.O. Box 138, Maseru, Lesotho.

CC) Founded 1945. CD) Founded 1931.

LIBERIA (C) Liberia Track and Field Federation, c/o National Sports and Athletic Commission, P.O. Box 502, Monrovia, Liberia, W. Africa. Founded 1955. LIBYA (C) Libyan Amateur Athletic Federation, P.O. Box 879, Tripoli, Libya. Cables: Libyolympic Athletic. Founded 1962. LIECHTENSTEIN (D) Liechtenstein Tum-und-Leichtathletik-Verband, FL-9496 Balzers Nr. 104, Liechtenstein. Cables: Tumverband Vaduz. Founded 1936. LUXEMBOURG (B) Federation Luxembourgeoise d'Athletisme, Case Postale 175, Luxembourg. Cables: Athletic, Luxembourg. Founded 1928,( MADAGASCAR Federation Malagasy d'Athletisme, RP. 717, Tananarive, Madagascar.

(C)

Founded 1962.

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28 (D) MALA WI Amateur Athletic Assoc iation of Malawi ' P.O. Box 1079. Blantyre, Malawi. ed 1967. Found i. Malaw Sport, s: Cable MALAYSIA Malaysia Amat eur Athletic Union , Wisma Putra, sia, Malay i Neger Luar Kementerian Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

(B)

Found ed 1906. Reformed 1963. (C)

MAL I Feder ation Malienne d'Athletisme du Mali. RP. No. 595, Bama ko, Cables: Fedathletisme Bama ko, Mali. Found ed 1960. MALT A Malta Amat eur Athle tic Association Flat Patricia Flats, Zabba r Rd, Cables: Athletics.

(D)

Malta, G.c. Found ed 1928.

(D) MAU RITA NIA etisme Federation Mauri tanien ne d'Athl , B.P. 178 Nouak chott, Found ed 1962. Rep. Islamique de Mauri tanie.

MAU RITIU S Mauritius Sports Association, 22, Lislet Geoffroy Street, Port Louis, Mauri tius. Cables: M.S.A. Mauri tius.

(D) Found ed 1952.

(A) \ MEXI CO smo Atleti de Federaci6n Mexic ana Plaza de la Repub lica No. 43 Desp. '106 ' Mexico 1, D.F. Mexico. Found ed 1933. Cables: Depor mex.

(D) MON GOLI A The Athletic Feder ation of the Mong olian People's Republic, Mong olian Athletic Federation, 55 Baga Toirog, Ulan Bator, Found ed 1961. Mong olian People's Republic. (B) MOR OCCO , 6tisme d'Athl aine Maroc e Feder ation Royal 4, rue Charles Tissot, Rabat , Morocco. Found ed 1957. Cable s: Feder mat, Rabat . (D) NAU RU iation, Assoc ic Athlet eur Nauru Amat Box 33, Post Office, Nauru , Found ed 1967. Centr al Pacific. (A) NETH ERLA NDS nie, iek-U Athlet he landsc Koninklijke Neder Nacht egaals traat 67, Found ed 1901. Utrec ht, Netherlands. (D) NETH ERLA NDS ANTI LLES Unie, iek Athlet iaanse Nederlands Antill clo H. Prince. P.O. Box 304, Found ed 1934. Willemstad, Curac ao, N.A. med 1962. Refor Cable s: N.A.A .U. (D) NEW HEBR IDES , New Hebrides Amate ur Athletic Association clo Post Office, Port Vila, New Hebrides, Found ed 1965. Pacific Islands. (AA) NEW ZEAL AND ) (INC. iation Assoc ic Athlet ur Amate nd Zeala New P.O. Box 741, Wellington, New Zealand. Found ed 1887. Cable s: Amathletic, Wellington. (D) NICA RAGU A smo, Atleti de e guens Nicara Feder aci6n clo Dr. Marvi n Caldera, Apart ado 1189, Mana gua, Nicar agua. Found ed 1940. Cable s: Marvin-Calsa-Managua.

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30 NIGER (D) Federation Nigerienne d'Athletisme RP. 215, Niamey, Niger. ' Founded 1961. NIGERIA (A) Amateur Athletic Association of Nigeria p.a. Box 211, Lagos, Nigeria, W.A. ' Cables: Athletics, Lagos. Founded 1944. NORWAY Norges Fri-idrettsforbund, Youngstorget 1, Oslo 1, Norway. Cables: Fri-Idrett.

(AA) Founded 1896.

PAKIS!AN (A) Pakistan Amateur Athletic Federation Pakistan. 2 Bawa Park, Upper Mall, Lahore, Cables: Athletics, Lahore. Founded 1947. PANAMA (B) Federacion Panameiia de Atletismo ' Apartado 3503, Panama 1, Republic of Panama. Cables: Fepat. Founded 1945. PAPUA & NEW GUINEA (C) Papua New Guinea Amateur Athletic Union c/o. Commonwealth Dept. of Works, ' p.a. Box 103, Lae, Papua & New Guinea. Founded 1961. PARAGUAY (D) Federacion Paraguaya de Atletismo ' Luis Alberto de Herrera 962 Casilla Postal 672. Republic of Paraguay. ' Founded 1947. PERU (B) Federacion Peruana de Atletismo Casilla No. 2732, Lima, Peru. ' Cables: Atleperu. Founded 1927.

PHILIPPINES _ {B) Philippine Amateur Track and Field Association, Rizal Memorial Field, Vito Cruz Street, p.a. Box 2272, Manila, Philippines. Cables: Paafmanila. Founded 1961.

POLAND Polski Zwiazek Lekkiej Atletyki, Warszawa, ut. Foksall9. Cables: Pezla Warszawa. - PORTUGAL Federacao Portuguesa de Atletismo, Rua Arco do Cego, Lisbon 1, Portugal. PUERTO RICO Puerto Rico Athletic Federation, G.P.O. Box 800, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 00936. Cables: Atletismo, San Juan. QATAR Qatar Amateur Athletic Federation, p.a. Box 80, Qatar. Cables: Sports Committee, Qatar. RHODESIA Rhodesia Amateur Athletic Union, p.a. Box 8316, Causeway, Rhodesia.

(AA) Founded 1919 (B) Founded 1921. (B)

Founded 1947. (D) Founded 1963. (C)

Founded 1901.

RUMANIA (AA) Federatia Rontina de Atletism, Str. Vasile Conta nr. 16, Bucharest, Rumania. Cables: Sportrom. Founded 1912.

- - - - - -

EL SALVADOR (D) National Athletic Federation of El Salvador, c/o National Olympic Committee of El Salvador, Apartado Postal No. 759, San Salvador, El Salvador, C.A. Founded 1943. SAUDI ARABIA (D) Saudi Arabia Amateur Athletic Federation, P.O. Box 956, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Founded 1963. SENEGAL (D) Federation Senegalaise d'Athletisme, RP. 1737, Dakar, Founded 1960. Republic of Senegal. SIERRA LEONE (D) Sierra Leone Amateur Athletic Association, c/o National Sports Council of Sierra Leone, P.O. Box 1181, Freetown, Sierra Leone. Cables: Athletics, Freetown. Founded 1951. SINGAPORE (D) Singapore Amateur Athletic Association, . Newton, P.O. Box 33, Singapore 11. Founded 1934. SOUTH AFRICA (AA) South African Amateur Athletic Umon, P.O. Box 1261, Pretoria, South Africa. Cables: Atleet. Founded 1895. SPAIN (A) Real Federaci6n Espaiiola de Atletismo, calle Miguel Angel 16, Madrid (10), Spain. Cables: Fedatleti, Madrid. Founded 1918. SUDAN (C) Sudan Amateur Athletics Association, P.O. Box 1773, Khartoum, Republic of the Sudan. Cables: Gowa, Khartoum. Founded 1959.

33 (D) SURINAM Surinaamse Athletiek Bond, Vergeet mij nietstraat 27, Zorg en Hoop, Founded 1955. Paramaribo, Suriname. SWAZILAND Swaziland Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 52, Mbabane, Swaziland. Founded 1969. SWEDEN (AA) Svenska Fri-IdrottsfOrbundet, Sofiatornet, Stadion, Stockholm, Sweden. Cables: Friidrott, Stockholm. Founded 1895. - SWITZERLAND (A) Federation Suisse d'Athletisme Amateur, Hitfschengrapeh 8 CH-3011, Berne, Switzerland. Cables: Athletisme, Berne. Founded 1905. SYRIA (D) Syrian Athletic Federation, Founded 1949. Box 421, Damascus, Syria. (C) TANZANIA Tanzania Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 2172, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, E. Africa Founded 1954. Cables: Utamaduni. TCHAD (D) Federation Tchadienne d'Athletisme, RP. 496 Fort Lamy, Republique du Tchad. Cables: Jeunesse et Sports (Lamy) Founded 1963. THAILAND (C) Amateur Athletic Association of Thailand, The National Stadium, Founded 1948. Bangkok, Thailand. TOGO (D) Federation Togolaise d'Athletisme, Institut Dag Hammarskjoeld, 30 rue Alsace Lorraine, Founded 1963. Lome, Togo.

(D) TONGA Tonga Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 83, Nuku'Alofa, Tonga. Cables: Athletic Association. Tonua. Founded 1962. TRINIDAD & TOBAGO (B) National Amateur Athletic Association of Trinidad & Tobago, Pointe-a-Pierre, Trinidad, W. Indies. Cables: Athletics, San Fernando, Trinidad. Reformed 1970. TUNISIA (B) Federation Tunisienne d'Athletisme, 53 Rue de Marseille, Tunis, Tunisia. Cables: Athletisme, Tunis. Founded 1957. TURKEY (A) B.T.G.Md. Atletizm Federasyonu, 19 Mayis Stadi, Ankara, Turkey. Founded 1922. Cables: Atletizm Spor Ankara. (B) UGANDA Uganda Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 2163, Kampala, Uganda. Cables: U AAA Lunono Stadium Kampala. Founded 1925. UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS (AA) Light Athletic Federation of the U .S.S.R., Skatertnyi pereulok 4, Moscow 69, U.S.S.R. Cables: Sojuzsport, Moscow. Founded 1924. UNITED ARAB REPUBLIC (A) United Arab Republic Amateur Athletic Federation, 13, Kasr El Nil Street, Cairo, U.A.R. Cables: Olympiad, Cairo. Founded 1910. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (AA) Amateur Athletic Union of the United States of America. A.A.U. House, 3400 West 86th Street, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46268, D.S.A. Cables: Amathletic, Indianapolis. Founded 1888.

35 UPPER VOLTA Federation Voltaique d'Athletisme, RP. 772, Ouagadougou, Republic ofUpperVolta.

(D) Founded 1961.

URUGUAY (B) Confederacion Atletica del Uruguay, Canelones 982, Montevideo, Uruguay. Cables: Atletica. Founded 1918. VENEZUELA (A) Federacion Venezolana de Atletismo, Velodromo Teo Capriles, La Vega, Caracas, Venezuela. Cables: Colimpico. Founded 1948. VIET-NAM (D) Vietnam Amateur Athletic Federation, No. 3 Duong Hong-Bang, Box 45, Saigon, Cholon, Vietnam. Cables: FAVN, Saigon. Founded 1951. VIRGIN ISLANDS CD) Virgin Islands Track and Field Federation, P.O. Box 1703, St. Thomas, Virgin Islands. Cables: Vitrack, St. Thomas. Founded 1963. WESTERN SAMOA CD) Western Samoa Amateur Sports Federation, P.O. Box 286, Apia, Western Samoa. Founded 1962. YUGOSLAVIA (AA) Federation Yougoslave d'Athletisme, Belgrade, Str. Bana 73a, Yugoslavia. Cables: ASAY, Belgrade. Founded 1921. ZAMBIA CD) Zambia Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 987, Kabwe, Zambia. Founded 1949. Re-formed 1964.

DIVISION 11 CONSTITUTION . of the INTERNATIONAL AMATEUR ATHLETIC FEDERATION Rule

DEFINITIONS

THE

OBJECTS

MEMBERSHIP

OFFICERS

COUNCIL

CoNGRESSES

CoMMITTEES

LANGUAGES

INTERNATIONAL AMATEUR ATHLETIC FEDERATION

10.

ALTERATIONS TO RULES

11.

SUSPENSIONS AND

12.

COMPETITIONS UNDER LA.A.F. RULES COMPETITORS COMPETING ABROAD QUALIFICATIONS OF COMPETITORS

13.

WORLD, AREA AND GROUP CHAMPIONSHIPS

14.

EXPENSES

15.

MATERIAL ASSISTANCE

16.

ADVERTISINGWlTHIN THE ARENA

51-54. ELIGIBILITY AND Al\'IATEUR STATUS

39 RULE 1 Definitions

NOTE.-Where appropriate the masculine gender shall include the feminine and the singular shall include the plural.

Athletics: Track and field athletics, road running, walking and cross country running. I.A.A.F: International Amateur Athletic Federation. Member: Any National Governing Body affiliated to the lA.A.F. I.O.C.: International Olympic Committee. Area and Group (a) Olympic Games. Championships (b) World Championships. or Games: (c) Continental, Regional or Area Championships or Games. (cl) Any other Championships or Games open to all athletes belonging to a defined Group. RULEÂˇ2 The International Amateur Athletic Federation

The I.A.A.F. shall comprise duly elected national governing bodies for amateur athletics which agree to abide by the rules and regulations of the I.A.A.F. RULES 1-2

RULE 3 Objects The objects of the Federation shall be: I.-To establish friendly and loyal co-operation between all Members for the benefit of amateur athletics throughout the world. 2.-To strive to ensure that no racial, religious, political or other kind of discrimination be allowed in athletics and to take all necessary measures to stop such _ discrimination. 3.-To strive to secure that there shall be no hindrance to the participa.tion of any country or individual in international athletic competitions on racial, religious or political grounds. 4.-To compile rules and regulations governing international competitions for men and women in amateur athletics. 5.-To ensure that all contests between Members including Area and Group Championships or Games shall be held under the laws and the rules of the LA.A.F. 6.-To affiliate national governing bodies. 7.-To decide any dispute that may arise between Members if called upon to do so. 8.-To co-operate with the Organising Committees of the Olympic Games in carrying through the organisation of the athletic competitions and as delegated by the I.O.C. to supervise and control all the technical arrangements. 9.-To frame regulations for the establishment of World and Olympic records and such other amateur athletic records as Congress agrees may be recognised. RULE 3

40 RULE 4 Membership

1.-. National Governing Body for amateur athletIcs III any country or territory shall be eligible for membership. one Member for each country or territory may be affiliated, and such Member shall be recognised by the I.A.A.F. as the only national governing body for all in such country or territory. The JunsdlctlOn of Members shall be limited to the political boundaries of the country or territory they represent. 2.-Application for membership together with a copy of the Constitution and rules of the national governing body shall be submitted to the Council, which shall. have power .to elect to membership provisionally, pendmg confirmatIOn at the next Congress meeting. 3.-Membership shall be divided into five groups and any new Member admitted to the LA.A.F. shall be as the Congress may decide. The placed. in such groupmg was agreed at the Mexico Congress m 1968, at the Stockholm Congress in 1970, and shall remam as such until altered by a subsequent Congress:GROUP "AA" (8 Votes) Italy Australia Canada Japan New Zealand Czechoslovakia Norway Finland Poland France Rumania German Democratic Republic South Africa Sweden Germany U.S.A. Gt. Britain & Northern Ireland U.S.S.R. Yugoslavia Hungary

RULE 4

Argentine Austria Belgium Brazil Bulgaria Cuba Denmark Eire Greece India Jamaica Afghanistan Chile Colombia Ethiopia Ghana Iceland Iran Israel Luxemburg Malaysia

Algeria Bahamas Bolivia Burma Ceylon D.P.R. Korea Guyana Indonesia Ivory Coast Korea Lebanon

GROUP "A" (6 Votes) Kenya Mexico Netherlands Nigeria Pakistan Spain Switzerland Turkey U.A.R. Venezuela GROUP "B" (4 Votes) Morocco Panama Peru Philippines Portugal Puerto Rico Trinidad & Tobago Tunisia Uganda Uruguay GROUP "C" (2 Votes) Liberia Libya Madagascar Mali Papua & New Guinea Republic of China Rhodesia Sudan Tanzania Thailand

42 GROUP "D" (1 Vote) Albania Lesotho Antigua Liechtenstein Barbados Malawi Bermuda Malta British Honduras Mauritania Brunei Mauritius Cambodia Mongolia Cameroons Nauru Central African Netherlands Antilles Republic New Hebrides Congo (Brazzaville) Nicaragua Congo (Kinshasa) Niger Costa Rica Paraguay Qatar Dahomey Dominican Republic El Salvador Ecuador Saudi Arabia Fiji Senegal Gabon Sierra Leone Gambia Singapore Gibraltar Surinam Swaziland- ..., Grenada Guatemala Syria Guinea Tchad HaIti Togo Honduras Tonga Hong Kong Upper Volta Iraq Viet-Nam Jordan Virgin Islands Kuwait Western Samoa Laos Zambia 4.-The annual fees from each Member affiliated to the LA.A.F. shall be paid in advance on 1st January in accordance with the following groups:Each Member in Group"AA" shall pay ... £100 £60 " " "A"" " £30 " " " "B"" " £10 " "C""" ,., "D" " £5

43 Any member whose subscription is unpaid on the 31st DECEMBER shall be liable to be struck off the list of Members or suspended at the discretion of the Council. No representative can be authorised to take part in any meeting of the Congress or Committees if the subscription pf the Member he represents or belongs to is more than twelve months in arrears. Members shall not be permitted to organise or to take part in Area and Group Championships if their· subscriptions are in arrears. 5.-For the purpose of electing the Council, or any - area Committee, in accordance with Rule 6 (1) Members are divided into the following Continental Areas or Regions: AFRICA Algeria Cameroons Central African Republic Congo (Brazzaville) Congo (Kinshasa) Dahomey Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Ivory Coast Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali

Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Niger Nigeria Rhodesia Senegal Sierre Leone South Africa Swaziland Sudan Tanzania Tchad Togo Tunisia Uganda U.A.R. Upper Volta Zambia

4-4

Afghanistan Brunei Burma Cambodia Ceylon D.P.R. Korea Hong Kong India Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Korea Australia Fiji Nauru New Hebrides Albania Austria Belgium Bulgaria Czechoslovakia Denmark Eire Finland France German Democratic Republic Germany Gibraltar Great Britain & Northern Ireland Greece Hungary

45 ASIA Kuwait Laos Lebanon Malaysia Mongolia Pakistan Philippines Qatar Republic of China Saudi Arabia Singapore Syria Thailand Viet-Nam OCEANIA New Zealand Papua & New Guinea Tonga Western Samoa EUROPE Iceland Italy Liechtenstein Luxemburg Malta Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Rumania Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey U.S.S.R. Yugoslavia

Antigua Bahamas Barbados Bermuda British Honduras Canada Costa Rica Cuba Dominican Republic El Salvador Grenada Argentine Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Guyana

NORTH AMERICA Guatemala HaIti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Puerto Rico Trinidad & Tobago U.S.A. Virgin Islands SOUTH AMERICA Netherlands Antilles Paraguay Peru Surinam Uruguay Venezuela RULE 5 Officers

I.-The President and the Honorary Secretary shall be elected by the Congress, each for a term of four years. These Officers shall be ex officio members of all committees. 2.-In the administration of the affairs of. the Federation the Council may delegate to the PreSIdent and Secretary power to act in a case in any financial that the IS advised at the earliest OppOrtuIDty of any action so taken. The President and Honorary Secretary shall be entitled to indemnify themselves out of the funds of the Federation in respect of any loss s? incurred. ' .. 3.-The Council may appomt such addItional Honorary Officers as it may for the purpose of carrying out the admlmstratlOn. RULE 5

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46 RULE 6 Council

I.-The Council shall consist of fifteen members as under:(a) The President of the LA.A.F. (b) The Honorary Secretary of the LA.A.F. (c) Seven members elected as individuals from different Member countries other than that of the President and Honorary Secretary. (d) One representative from each of the following six Area Groups: AFRICA ASIA EUROPE

OCEANIA NORTH AMERICA SOUTH AMERICA

(The grouping of Members for this purpose IS shown in Rule 4.) Apart from the President and Honorary Secretary, not more than one member of the Council may come from anyone country. 2.-All elections for the Council shall take place at Congress by means of secret ballots. The elections shaH be held in the following order: (i) President. (ii) Honorary Secretary. (iii) Six Area Group Representatives. A separate ballot shall be held for each Area Group, and only the Members included in the Group under Rule 4 shall be eligible to vote. (iv) Seven individuals. 3.-All nominations for the Council shall be received by the Honorary Secretary of the I.A.A.F. not later than three calendar months prior to the date of the Congress at which elections will take place. RULE 6

4.-The term of office of the Council shall be four years with the powers and duties as set out hereafter. 5.-The Officers and members ofthe Council shall serve until their successors are elected and take office. 6.-If durip.g the first two years of the term of office a vacancy arises in the Council, a substitute shall be elected at the next Congress for the residuary period. 7.-In the absence of the President, the Honorary Secretary shall preside. 8.-The President, Honorary Secretary and each member of the Council shall have a vote. The President, in the case of a tie in the voting, shall have a second or casting vote. 9.-The Council shall meet at least once a year. Its powers and duties shall include the following:Ca) To administer the affairs of the lA.A.F. (b) To submit to each biennial Congress a report, together with audited statements of accounts and balance sheets for the preceding period and a budget for the succeeding two years. (c) To examine any proposals from Members or Committees which are to be discussed at Congress and to submit such reports thereon as they think fit. To submit to Congress any other proposals they may deem desirable. (d) To make decisions in urgent matters relating to all rules. Any such decisions must be reported to the next Congress. (e) To summon a Special Congress to deal with any special case of great importance requiring an urgent decision. (f) To decide any dispute that may arise between Members which may be referred to it by any of such Members.

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(g) To grant provisional affiliation to new Members. (h) To exercise the powers of Suspension and Reinstatement as set out in Rule 11. (i) To notify Members of the imposition of any

penalties by either Congress or Council.

(j) To maintain a register of World, Olympic and

such other amateur records as Congress may decide to recognise. (k) To control and supervise the athletic technical organisation at the Olympic Games. (l) To appoint such additional Honorary Officers as it may deem necessary for the purpose of administering the affairs of the LA.A.F. (rn) To appoint representatives of the LA.A.F. to the Federation Internationale de Medecine Sportive, Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne and other bodies of a similar nature. RULE 7 Congresses

I.-The Congress of the LA.A.F. shall consist of the President, two Vice-Presidents elected for the Meeting only, the Honorary Secretary and any other Honorary Officers, members of the Council and not more than three delegates from each Member. 2.-A Member shall be represented only by its delegates. Notice of the appointment of delegates certified in writing by the Member they represent, must be lodged with the Honorary Secretary prior to the commencement of the Congress Meeting. A delegate shall be a citizen of the country he represents and shall not have competed as a professional; nor shall he have acted as a professional coach, unless his coaching activities have ceased for at least one year, and he is presently engaged in an administrative capacity for his national governing body for athletics. A delegate shall represent only one Member. RULE 7

3.-Members included in Group "AA" shall be entitled to eight votes each; those in Group "A" to six votes each; those in Group "B" to four votes each; those in Group ÂˇÂˇC" to two votes each, and those in Group "D" to one vote each. Only delegates of Members shall have power to vote and votes shall be recorded by one delegate only from each Member (See Rule 4 (3) for Groups of Membership). 4.-Members shall be entitled to register votes as soon as their affiliation has been ratified by Congress. 5.-The Congress shall be convened biennially and the venue shall be fixed at the preceding meeting. 6.-A Special Congress may be called by the Council and shall be called if not less than one-third of the Members give notice in writing to the Honorary Secretary stating they desire such a meeting and the reasons relating thereto. Upon receipt of any such notice, the Honorary Secretary shall summon a meeting of the Congress within three months. 7.-The President shall preside at all Congress meetings. In his absence the meeting shall appoint one of the elected Vice-Presidents. Scrutineers for ballots shall be appointed from the delegates to Congress. 8.-The Congress only shall have power to approve or alter any constitutional rule. All additions, amendments or alterations to the Constitution Rules must obtain two-thirds of the voting power of those present and sllch two-thirds must also represent at least one third of the total voting power of the I.A.A.F. 9.-The Congress shall elect by secret ballot, for a period of four years unless otherwise decided by Congress, the following Committees: Technical Committee Women's Committee, Walking Committee, Cross Country and Road Running Committee. Other Committees may be appointed by Congress as necessary.

Number of members of such committees and the .; functions, powers and duties of these bodies shall be laid down in accordance with Rule 8. All nominations for these committees shall be sent to the Honorary Secretary of the I.A.A.F. not later than three calendar months prior to the date of Congress at which such elections will be made (See Rule 8). 1O.-Continental, Area or Group Committees may be formed for each of the six Groups listed under Rule 4 (para. 5). Such Committees shall be elected by Regional Congresses and the result of all elections notified to the Honorary Secretary. Each of such Committees shall draw up its own rules relating to its constitution and powers (which shall in all cases be limited to operation within its own area and in no sense conflict with any I.A.A.F. rule). These rules must be submitted to the Council for approval and referred to the next Congress for amendment or ratification. Regional Committees shall render reports of their activities to Congress every two years. It.-In recognition of valued services given to the ..Congress shall be entitled to elect an Honorary Life-President and not more than three Honorary Life Vice-Presidents, without voting power. RULE 8

be referred, shall consist of a Chairman and 10 individuals from various countries. It shall meet when summoned by the Honorary Secretary and shall report its recommendations to Congress. (c) Walking Committee.-The Walking Committee, to whom all concerning Walking shall be referred, shall consist of a Chairman and 10 individuals from various countries. It shall meet when summoned by the Honorary Secretary and shall report its recommendations to Congress. (d) Cross Country and Road Running Committee.The Cross Country and Road Running Committee, to _ whom all questions concerning cross country, road running and Marathon shall be referred, shall consist of a Chairman and six individuals from various countries together with three nominees of the International Cross Country Union and one nominee of the Balkan Cross Country Committee. It shall meet when summoned by the Honorary Secretary and shall report its recommendations to Congress. (e) Medical Advisory Pane1.-The Medical Advisory Panel to whom all questions of a medical nature concerning athletics shall be referred shall consist of a Chairman and up to 10 individuals from various countries. RULE 9

Committees

Languages

(a) Technical Committee.-,The Technical Committee, to whom all questions concerning competition rules shall be referred, shall consist of a Chairman and 15 individuals from various countries. It shall meet when summoned by the Honorary Secretary and shall report its recommendations to Congress. (b) Women's Committee.-The Women's Committee, to whom all questions concerning women's athletics shall RULE 8

At all Congress Meetings each Member may speak in his own language, translations being made into German, Russian and Spanish in addition to English and French as required. The Constitution and the Rules and Regulations, Minutes, Reports and other communications shall be in such languages as the Council shall decide. In all cases of any difference in the interpretation of the text the English version shall be accepted. RULE 9

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RULE 10 "Alterations to Rules I.-Constitutional Rules. Proposals for alterations or additions to the constitutional rules of the LA.A.F. may be made only by a Member or by the Council and must reach the Honorary Secretary of the I.A.A.F. at least six calendar months prior to the Congress at which they are to be considered. The proposals shall be sent to Members at least four calendar months before such Congress. No proposals shall be considered by Congress without the notice specified herein. 2.-Technical Rules. Proposals to amend the technical rules, rules for Women's competitions and rules for Walking, Cross-Country and Road Running competitions must be sent to the Honorary Secretary of the I.A.A.F. so as to reach him at least six months prior to the Congress at which they are to be considered. He shall submit them to the appropriate committee defined in Rule 8, for advice and recommendations. 3.-Alterations to the technical rules will normally only be considered by Congress every four years, at the time of the Olympic Games, and will not become effective until after the Games. A report containing the recommendations of the Technical Committee will be circulated to all Members at least three months before the Congress held at the time of the Olympic Games. Urgent proposals for alterations to the technical rules may, however, be made at any time and they must be discussed at the next Congress, even if they reach the Honorary Secretary later than 6 months prior to Congress. 4.-When alterations to technical rules are adopted by Congress or decided upon by Council as an urgent matter under Rule 6, paragraph 9 (d), a fixed date for the operation of the said amendments should be stated, such date to allow adequate time for all member countries to put them into operation simultaneously. RULE 10

RULE 11

Suspensions and Reinstatement

I.-The Council shall have the power to suspend any Member or athlete from international competition until the next meeting of the Congress, and the Congress shall likewise have the power to suspend any Member or athlete from international competition for so long as shall be stated in its decision. Before exercising its powers under this rule the Council or Congress must notify the Member or athlete (through the Member) of any alleged infringement of the Rules and afford an opportunity to the Member or atWete of being heard. , 2.-0n the application of any Member, the may reinstate any athlete who by reason of any mfnngement of the I.A.A.F. Rules has been declared ineligible to take part in competition under I.A.A.F. Rules. Any application for reinstatement must be forwarded to the Honorary Secretary of the I.A.A.F. by the Secretary of the Member responsible for the athlete concerned. application shall give in detail the circumstances leadl?-g to the ineligibility and the reasons advanced for remstatement. RULE 12 International Meetings-Competitors Competing Abroad-Qualification of Competitors

I.-At the following International Meetings, the rules and regulations of the I.A.A.F. must apply: (a) Olympic Games and World Championships. (b) Other Area and Group Championships. (c) Matches between two or more Members. RULES 11-12

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54 2.-At Meetings in the categories (a) and (b) above shall only by native born, cItIZens or by athletes otherwise natu:a.hsed. cItIZenshIp by the procedure legally recognised III tha;t country except as provided in paragraph 9 of this Rule III regard to citizens of colonies or dominions. Inte:national Meetings or any meetings in whIch any foreIgn athlete takes part must be sanctioned by the LA.A.F. or by a Member. 4.-In sanctioning any International Meeting, Memshould the attention of the promoter to the Importance of hIS observing all the LA.A.F. Rules and should not normally give permission to any promoter who has previously failed to observe the rules. 5.-Members in authorising International Meetinas und.er their shall insist that all prizes are lastmg value, are Illtended for the athlete himself and shall not exceed the value of V.S. $100 (or its equivalent in other currencies). 6.-. No atb;lete or club may take part in an atWetic meetmg m a foreIgn country without the written approval of his governing body and no Member shall allow any foreIgn atWete to enter any competition without such permit certifying that he is an amateur and permitted to compete in the country concerned. (b) .A.n;y

in any foreign country (other than m mternatIonal meetmgs as above defined) shall, in respect to that competition, be subject to the athletic laws of that country. . 7.-All negotiations for the participation of an athlete m another country shall be carried on through the concerned in no circumstances shall any be. e.xtended dIrectly or indirectly to an atWete club, college, university or other by orgamsatlOn.

55 The only exception to the foregoing shall be where a Member shall authorise one of its member clubs to communicate with the club 9f another country concerning the participation of one or more of its athletes, and such authorisation shall be granted on the express condition that the Me11Jber concerned is kept informed as to the context of the communications. 8.-Where the athlete of any member country receives a scholarship from an institution in another country, then as a condition to and before the athlete's governing body shall grant the permission to compete referred to in " Rule 12 para. 6, the President of the institution granting the scholarship shall first submit to the Member, in whose country the educational institution is located, full and detailed information of the nature and extent of the scholarship aid furnished to the athlete, for transmission to the Member of the athlete's home country. 9.-ln Area or Group Games, Members shall be represented only by citizens by birth or naturalisation or registration of the country which the affiliated Member represents, or by athletes otherwise acquiring citizenship by the procedure legally recognised in that country, except in the case of citizens of a colony, when they shall be eligible to represent the mother country if such colony is not represented by membership of the I.A.A.F. Having once represented any Member in an International Meeting, no contestant may thereafter represent any other Member except in the following circumstances: (a) The incorporation of one country in another. (b) The creation of a new country ratified by treaty. (c) The election to membership of the I.A.A.F. of the national governing body of a colony not previously directly represented by a Member. (d) A change of citizenship of a woman by marriage.

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56 (e)

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--n A change of citizenship by becoming a naturalised" , i

or registered citizen of another country, or other- \[' wise acquiring citizenship by the procedure legally recognised in that country, subject to having been a resident in that country for at least three years, or, i with the consent of the Council and the agreement of ,!, the two Members concerned, one year, from the 1:, date on which he last represented his former I' country. (A citizen of a dominion or colony who moves to the mother country, or a citizen of a ! mother country who moves to a dominion or ;, colony, may qualify to represent his new country,: after three years' residence, or, with the consent of the Council and the agreement of the two Members obne without acquiring ,I CItIZens Ip y natur Isation or registration or . other nieans if there is no legal provision for ; I acquiring citizenship in such circumstances.) I Likewise, an athlete may compete for a Member ,I after residence in its territory for at least three years, :,' or, with the consent of the Council and the agree- I ment of the two Members concerned, one year from :, the date on which he last represented another !\ Member, if there is no legal provision for acquiring \ J citizenship. ::RULE 13--V-

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World, Area and Group Championships

I.-The LA.A.F. alone shall have the right to organise or sanction World, Area or Group Championships for Athletics. 2.-The Olympic Games shall be regarded as World Championships. 3.-Sanction of the LA.A.F. is required for all Area or Group Championships and for any other athletic meetings in which teams from five or more countries participate except where otherwise provided by the rules. The application for sanction must be made to the LA.A.F. accompanied by a fee of ÂŁ25 sterling (or its equivalent in other

57 currencies) by the sponsoring Member for such sanction except for the Olympic Games and European Championships. " All application forms must be completed in detail and lodged at the headquarters of the I.A.A.F. by registered post not later than TWELVE MONTHS prior to the date of the Area Games or Group Championships in question. Organising Committees must ensure that countries to whom invitations are sent are in membership of the l.A.A.F. and any other country wishing to particip3te must apply to the lA.A.F. for membership, which must have been granted prior to their entry being accepted. Such applications must be received by the I.A.A.F. Office -at least three months before the date of the opening of the promotion concerned. The LA.A.F. shall not sanction any Area or Group Championships without first having obtained an unqualified undertaking that the necessary permission for visiting athletes to enter the country where the games are to be held will be forthcoming sufficiently far ahead to enable them to travel and compete at the games. 4.-The I.A.A.F. shall designate a representative to attend each Area or Group championships at the expense of the organisers to ensure that the rules and regulations of the lA.A.F. are complied with. The travelling expenses , of this representative shall be paid to him by the Or- ..... ganisers not later than fourteen days prior to his departure to the venue. The choice of airline shall be left to the discretion of the representative and in cases involving flights over one thousand five hundred miles first class return air travel shall be provided. Accommodation expenses shall also be paid by the Organisers not later than the final day of the championships or the athletic section of the games. Such representative shall render his report to the LA.A.F. within thirty days thereafter. (See also Rule 141 (4) re women competitors.) RULE 13

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58 RULE 14 V'

Expenses I.-The following rules shall apply to the expenses allowed to any athlete competing in an international meeting as defined in Rule 12, or taking part in an athletic meeting in a foreign country. These shall be limited to the daily allowance and to the actual outlay for travelling, meals and lodging. 2.-The daily allowance for the out-of-pocket expenses to athletes during their stay in a foreign country must not exceed U.S. $3, or the equivalent in other currencies, and must be paid through the team manager. 3.-(a) National governing bodies must strictly control all financial transactions. , (b) Payments must be made through the National governing bodies of the countries concerned and save in the exceptional circumstances set out below, no payments whatsoever may be made to the athlete himself nor to any person on his behalf. (c) The athlete's own national governing body may authorise the national governing body under whose jurisdiction he is for the time being competing, to refund to the athlete actual essential expenses for travelling, meals and lodging, and at the conclusion of the competition such national body shall forward to the LA.A.F. and to the athlete's national body a detailed statement of all such payments. (d) Where any advance payment is necessary to enable an athlete to obtain refreshment en route, or expend money on travelling or accommodation which cannot be provided by supplying tickets or vouchers, this must be advanced to the athlete by his own governing body, who will obtain reimbursement from the governing body where the competition takes place. 4.-No monetary payment or other consideration of any nature may be made directly or indirectly for any person other than the athlete, whether friend, relative or RULE 14

otherwise in connection with or resulting from the entry, appearance or participation of the athlete in any event except that the expenses of the athlete's bona fide team manager or coach who will accompany the athlete to any competition may be paid. Such expenses, however, must be paid directJY to such team manager or coach and may in no event be paid to the athlete, and shall not exceed the amounts allowable to the athlete hereunder and such team manager or coach shall furnish. to the athlete's national governing body the same detaIled statement of all such payments made otherwise. than. through. athlete's national governing body as IS reqUlred herem m respect of the athlete. 5.-The period of time in any one for which an athlete may receive expense money IS 11DlIted to 28 days exclusive of the time taken in travelling. Accumulation of these days from one calendar year to the next Chamis not allowed. Competition in Area or where .the athlete is hIS pionships in genuine mternatIonal matches agamst other is excluded from this rule. Only the CouncIl of the LA.A.F. is empowered to grant extensions in exceptional circumstances. NOTES.-(i) A match is one where with the authority of the governing bodies concerned the c.0mpetition is announced as between teams representmg two or more countries. Each team should be selected by the governing body concerned. A "touring" tem,n of a number of athletes is not recogmsed as an mternatzonal team for the purpose of this definition. (ii) Assistance provided for an athlete's dependants in accordance with the I. O. C. Rule in respect of athletes' participation in the Olympic Games does not constitute a violation of the LA.A.F. Rule. (ill) The provisions ofRule 14 do not apply to a'! resident in a foreign country but only to one a foreign country to take part in one or more competltlOns.

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RULE 15 Material Assistance

Material assistance in the form of goods and services provided for athletes to assist them in training or competition must be controlled by the national governing bodies concerned. If an athlete is authorised to avail himself of the services of a doctor for medical treatment or a masseur or coach, accounts should be submitted and payments made direct to the doctor, masseur or coach and not through the atWete. When manufacturers are prepared to provide free issues of implements or personal equipment, distribution shall be controlled through the national governing body. RULE 16 Advertising within the Arena

At International meetings within Categories lea) and (b) of Rule 12, advertising within the arena enclosed by the running track or elsewhere where competition is taking place is not permitted. Manufacturers' labels or trade marks on equipment used within the competition area must be limited to one mark on each piece of equipment which must not exceed the following size: 15 cm. x2i cm. (6 in. x 1 in.). There is no objection to advertising material outside the stadium, or inside the stadium but outside the competition area. Advertisements may also appear in programmes and on notices or posters of the meeting. Meeting organisers may also acknowledge the sponsors of meetings by official announcements made at the commencement of the meeting and immediately after the last event.

RULES 15-16

RULES RELATING TO ELIGffiILITY OF ATHLETES TO COMPETE UNDER INTERNATIONAL AMATEUR ATHLETIC FEDERATION RULES RULE 51 Definition of Amateur

An amateur is one who competes for the love of sport and as a means of recreation, without any motive of securing any material gain from such competition. RULE 52 Restriction of Competition to Amateurs

Competition 9uder International Amateur Athletic Federation rules is restricted to amateur athletes who are and under the jurisdiction of a Member of the who are eligible to compete under rules as down by the International Amateur Athletic FederatIOn. RULE 53 Ineligibility for International Competition The following persons are ineligible to take part i.n competitions under International Amateur Athletic Federation rules. Any person who, since reaching the age of 16, (i) has competed in any sport for any pecuniary reward; in which (ii) has taken part in any athletic any of the competitors were, to hIS .knowledge, ineligible to compete under InternatIOnal Amateur Athletic Federation rules; .consideration (iii) has ever received any for teaching, training or coachmg m any sport; NOTE.-Physical education teachers whose work RULES 51-53

63 is solely educational and who are not paid directly or indirectly for the coaching of athletes for competitions are eligible to compete as amateurs.

(iv) has at any time been financially interested in any athletic meeting in which he was entered; (v) writes, lectures or broadcasts for payment upon any track or field event or competition without the prior permission of his national governing body. This permission must be given only in the case of a person who is genuinely making a career in that particular activity. (vi) receives, directly or indirectly, any compensation for using or recommending the use of any merchandise whatsoever; "merchandise" shall include fanything sold or any service supplied to the public; (vii) allows his name or his picture, whether static or moving, to be used directly or indirectly to advertise any merchandise; . NOTE.-When and where it is proved that the name or the picture of the athlete was used for the purpose of this paragraph without his knowledge the indemnity to be collected from the person or persons responsible for the injury, privately agreed or stipulated by the Courts, will revert to the Federation to which the athlete belongs. (viii) while training or competing, displays on his person any advertising material other than the accepted name of his club or organisation, or takes on to any arena or course any form of advertising material. This rule shall apply to the competitors' numbers, clothing and travelling bags but does not apply to articles not clearly visible; (See also Note-Rule 142, para. 5.)

(ix) takes part in any athletic meeting which is not sanctioned, recognised or certified by the Member in the country in which the event is held. (x) accepts directly or indirectly any money or consideration for expenses or loss of earmngs, Rule 14. .. other-than what is permitted under _._---_._ ... (xi) uses drugs as defined in Rule 144 ("Doping"). (xii) is and for so long as he remains, ineligible to in competitions under the jurisdiction of his national governing body. NOTE.-Suspensions and Reinstatement - see Rule 11.) RULE 54 Guarantee by National Governing Body In any competition under International Amateur Athletic Federation rules, the eligibility of any athlete competing shall be guaranteed by the governing body of the country to which the athlete ..

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RULE 54

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DIVISION III

COMPETITION OFFICIALS

ATHLETIC RULES for MEN'S AND WOMEN'S INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIONS Note:-Alterations to Competition rules approved by Congress in 1970 are indicated by vertical lines in the page margins. All such changes come into force on 1st May, 1971. RULE 101 All international competitions shall be held under the rules of the International Amateur Athletic Federation and this shall be stated in all announcements, advertisements, programmes and printed matter. The rules as laid down shall be applicable to men's and women's competitions. NOTE.-It is recommended that National Associations should adopt the rules of the I.A.A.F. for the conduct of their own athletic meetings. SECTION I Officials of the Meeting RULE 111 The list laid down in this rule comprises those officials considered to be necessary for principal international meetings. The organisers are at liberty to vary this where local circumstances require. MANAGEMENT

OFFICIALS One Manager One Secretary One Technical Manager JURY OF APPEAL

RULES 101, 111

ADDITIONAL OFFICIALS

One Referee for Track Events One "(or more) Referees for Field Events One Referee for Walking Events Four (or more) Judges for Track Events Four (or more) Judges for Field Events Four (or more) Judges for Walking Events Four (or more) Umpires for Track Events Three (or more) Timekeepers One (or more) Starters One (or more) Recall One or more Starter's Assistants or Marksmen. One (or more) Lap Scorers One Recorder One Marshal

One (or more) Announcers One Official Surveyor One (or more) Doctors Stewards for Competitors, Officials and Press.

If deemed necessary, assistants may be appointed. Care should however be taken to keep the arena as free from officials as possible. Where women's events are held there shaU be appointed as many women officials as may be appropriate, including a woman doctor when possible. For the duties of officials see the following rules.

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66 RULE 112 The Manager The Manager shall have charge of the Meeting and be responsible for the proper carrying out of the programme. He shall see that all officials have reported for duty and when necessary shall appoint substitutes, and in co-operation with the appointed Marshal, arrange that only authorised persons are allowed in the centre of the arena. ' RULE 113 The Secretary The Secretary shall be responsible for the calling of the meetings of the executive and other committees, and shall prepare all minutes relating thereto. He shall be in charge of all administrative arrangements, and shaH receive and conduct all principal correspondence relating to the Meeting. RULE 114 The Technical Manager The Technical Manager shall act directly under the Manager of the Meeting and be responsible for seeing that the track, runways, circles, arcs, sectors and pits for field events are properly laid out, also that all equipment is accordjng to specification and readily available for approval by the appointed Referee, and that scoring, result and time recording cards are prepared. (Also see Rule 116, para. 2, and Rule 126.) RULE 115 Jury of Appeal A Jury of Appeal shall be appointed, to whom all protests under Rule 147 shall be referred. Their decision shall be final. Decisions involving points which are apparently not covered by the Rules shall be reported subsequently by the President of the Jury to the Honorary Secretary of the LA.A.F. RULES 112-115

67 RULE 116 Referees I.-Separate Referees may be appointed as required, for track, field and walking events. 2.-It shall be the responsibility of a Referee to that the rules are observed (also see 114) deCide any technical points which arise dunng the Meetmg, for which provision has not apparently been made m these rules. The Referee shall have jurisdiction to decide when Judges the any placings in a race, disputed place or places are unable to arnve at a declSlon. (Also see Rule 117, para. 2, and Rule 146, para. 1.) 3.-Referees shall allocate Judges to particu!ar. events if this has not been previously arranged, speclfymg the duty each should carry out (e.g. circle, take-off board the cometc.); announce to the Judges and ensure to l;>e petitors are informed of the number of allowed under the rules even if this has been pnnted m the programme; supervise the measurements ?f performances; check the final results and deal WIth any disputed points. (Also see Rule 117, para. 1.) 4.-The appropriate Referee shall have the power to exclude any competitor for improper conduc.t a?d he shall decide on the ground any protest or ObjectIOn as to the conduct of a competitor. (Also see Rule 118, Rule 122 and Rule 147.) . 5.-1f in the opinion of the Referee CIrcumstances arise at any meeting so that justice demands that any event should be contested again, he shall have power .to declare the event void and such event shall be held agam, either on the same day or on some future occasion, as he shall in his absolute discretion decide. (Also see Rule I 142, para. 6 . ) . 6.-The Referee shall have power to the p of the competition in any field event, If III his oplillon the conditions justify a change. Such a change shall be made only after a round is completed. RULE 116

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Walking Events 4.-The Judges at the finish shall be responsible only for deciding the order in which the competitors finish. (Also see Rule 191.)

7.-Upon completion of each event the result card shall be immediately filled in, signed by the Referee and handed to the Recorder. (Also see Rule 123.) RULE 117 Judges

RULE 118

General 1.-.Su:bject to the rules laid down by the National AssocIatIon and .except in the case of the Olympic Games, the orgamsers of the meeting shall appoint the Judges for the various events. The Referee shall allocate the duties among the Judges. (Also see Rule 116, para. 3.) Racing Events . 2.-The Judges, who must all operate from the same of the tfack. and preferably from the inside, shall decIde the order In whIch the competitors finish, and in any case where they cannot arrive at a decision shall refer the matter to the Referee, who shall decide. (Also see Rule 116, para. 2.) NOTE.-T.he Judges should be placed at least five metres (or 16 ft. 6 m.) from and in line with the finish and, in order that they may have a good view ofthe finish line an elevated should be provided. A photo-finish apparatus should be aVallable for use whenever possible as an aid to the Referee and Judges. (See Rule 119, para. 6 and Note to Rule 162, para. 11.) Field Events Judges shall judge, measure and record each valId trIal of the competitors in all events in which the is determined by height or distance. In the high Jump and pole vault, precise measurements should be when the bar is raised, particularly if records are At two. Judges should keep a bemg record of all trIals, checkmg theIr recordings at the end of each round. RULE 117

Umpires (Track Events)

I.-Umpires are assistants to the Referee, without power to give any decisions. 2.-It shall be the duty of an Umpire to stand at such point as the may determine to watch the competition closely and, in case of a foul or violation of the rules by a competitor or other person, to make an immediate report of the incident to the Referee. 3.-Umpires should also be appointed to undertake the duties of supervision in relay races at the take-over points. RULE 119 Timekeepers 1.-(a) There should be three official Timekeepers (one of whom should be the Chief Timekeeper) and one or two alternate Timekeepers who should time the winner of every event. The recorded by the alternate Timekeepers' watches shall not be considered unless one or more of the official Timekeepers' watches fails properly to record the time, in which case the alternate Timekeepers shall be called upon, in such order as has been previously decided, so that, in all races, three watches should have recorded the official winning time. RULES 118-119

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70 (b) The Timekeepers shall act independently from one' another, enter their times, without discussing times and without showing their watches to each other, on the printed form specially made for this purpose and, after signing the form, hand it to the Chief Timekeeper, who is entitled to control the reported times on the watches. (c) The Chief Timekeeper shall enter the reported time on a special blank schedule and shall fix the official time results in accordance with the provisions of this rule and provide for publication. (d) In the event of two of three official watches agreeing and the third disagreeing, the time shown by the two shall be the official time. If all three watches disagree, the time shown by the watch recording the middle time shall be the official time. ;

(e) If the hand of the watch stops between the two lines indicating the time, the longer time shall be accepted. If a 1/100th second timer is used the time shall be read from it to the nearest 0·1 second, i.e. 9·94 is read as 9·9 but 9·95 is read as 10·0.

(Also see Rule 195, para. 6 (b), for Pentathlon and Decathlon events.) 2.-If for any reason only two watches record the time of an event, and they fail to agree, the longer time of the two shall be accepted as the official time.

3.-The time shall be taken from the flash of the pistol to the moment at which any part of the body of the competitor (i.e. torso, as distinguished from the head, neck, arms, legs, hands or feet) reaches the perpendicular plane of the nearer edge of the finish line. 4.-For races up to and including Olie mile or its metric equivalent, including relay races, the timing shall be to one-tenth second. For longer races the timing shall

be to one-fifth second, but shall be recorded by conversion into tenths of a second (i.e. two-tenths, fourtenths, six-tenths, eight-tenths). 5.-An electrical timekeeping device, approved by the National Association of the country where the competition is held, may be used. As most electric apparatus times to 1/100 second, !he following conversion table shall be used for returnmg times required to the nearest one-tenth second: To be Electric timing returned as Sec. Sec. Sec. ·95 - ·04 ·0 ·05 - ·14 ·1 ·15 - ·24 ·2 ·25 - ·34 ·3 ·35 - ·44 ·4 ·5 ·45 - ·54 ·55 - ·64 ·6 ·65 - ·74 ·7 ·75 - ·84 ·8 ·85 - ·94 ·9 Where timing is required to one-fifth second the following coversion table shall be used: Electric To be timing returned as Sec. Sec. Sec. ·85 - ·04 ·0 ·05 - ·24 ·2 ·25 - ·44 -4 ·45 - ·64 ·6 ·65 - ·84 ·8 NOTE.-(1) It is recommended that the Timekeepers should be placed at least five metres (or 16ft. 6in.) from and in line with the finish on the opposite side of the track to the judges, and, in order that they may have a good view of the finish line, an elevated stand should be provided wherever practicable.

1 \

--_.

72 (2) It is desirable wherever possible also to record times' for the second and subsequent places and also to record lap times in races of 800 metres and over and in addition, times at every 1,000 metres in races 3,000 metres and over. (3) For World Records refer to Rule 148. timekeeping equipment shall be used in the OlympIc G.ames, Wodd Championships and, wherever .m all and Group Championships. When thIS eqUipment IS used, the time recorded shall be the official time as worded in paragraph 5 hereof. RULE 120 The Starter and Recall Starters

I.-The Starter shall have entire control of the comand shall be the sole judge of any petitors on their fact connected WIth the start of the race except as ' provided in (3) below. 2:-In races where the competitors are not placed behmd the same starting line (e.g., 200-400 metres or 220-440 yards ra;ces on circular tracks), the Starter use a connected with amplifiers OpposIte the startmg hne in each lane. Where such a is not used, the Starter shall so place himself that the dIstance between him and each of the competitors is approximately the same. Where, however the Starter cannot place himself in such a position, the pistol should be placed there and discharged by electric contact. (Also see Rule 162 for regulations relating to the start.) 3.-The Starter or any Recall Starter shall recall the cOI?J?etitors by the firing of a gun in any race if in his OpInIOn the start was not a fair one. RULE 121 Starter's Assistants (or Marksmen) I.-The Starter's Assistants shall check that the competitors are competing in the correct heat or race .and RULES 120-121

that their numbers are worn properly, one on the breast and one on the back. They shall assist the Starter in any draw for stations. Stations in events at all distances shall be numbered from left to right, facing the direction of running. 2.-They must place each competitor in his correct lane or station, assembling the competitors -en the starting line -(or 1 mile), on an assembly line 3 metres (or 10 fee.t) behind the starting line (in the case of races started ID echelon, similarly behind each starting line), when so placed they shall signal to the Starter that all IS ready. When a fresh start is ordered the Starter's Assistants - shall assemble the competitors again. 3.-The Starter's Assistants shall be responsible for the readiness of batons for the first runners in a relay race. 4.-When the Starter has ordered the competitors to their marks, the Starter's Assistants must see that no competitor places either fingers, or feet. on the starting line or in front of it. If any dIfficulty arIses they must signal immediately to the Starter. (Also see Rule 162.) RULE 122 Lap Scorers I.-A Lap Scorer shall keep a record of the laps covered by each competitor in races from 1,500 metres to 3 miles. For races exceeding 3 miles a number of lap scorers under the direction of the Referee shall be appointed and provided with lap scoring cards on which they shall record the times over each lap (as am:l.Ounced to them by the Chief Timekeeper) of the competItors for whom they are responsible. No Lap Scorer should record for more than four competitors. 2.-A special Lap Scorer shall be to !10tify to each competitor the number of laps WhICh he to complete. He shall notify the final lap by the nngmg of a bell or otherwise. RULE 122

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74 75

RULE 123Âˇ The Recorder

RULE 126

The Recorder shall collect the result of each event, together with the times or heights or distances, which shall be furnished to him by the Referee and Chief Timekeeper. He shall as Soon as possible communicate the information to the Announcer and, after recording the placings, times, heights or distances, he shall hand the official result together with all cards to the Manager of the meeting. (Also see Rule 116, para. 7; and Rule

The Official Surveyor

125.)

The Official Surveyor shall, immediately prior to the meetin survey the track and runways, and measu:re all the which are to be contested, the arcs, sectors and other measurements relatmg to the e events. He shall furnish to the Technical Manager and the Referee, before the Meeting, certificates as to correctness. (Also see Rule 145, para. 4.)

RULE 124 The Marshal

SECTION II

"'The Marshal shall have full charge of the arena and shall not allow any persons other than the officials, and and remain competitors assembled to compete, to therein. He shall control his assistants and assign to them their duties. He shall arrange for an enclosure to be provided for officials when not on duty.

RULE 125 The Announcer

The Announcer shall give out to the public the names and numbers of the competitors taking part in each event, and all relevant information such as the composition of the heats, lanes or stations drawn, and intermediate times. The result (placings, times, heights and distances) of each event should be announced at the earliest possible moment after receipt of the information from the Recorder. (Also see Rule 123.) RULES 123-125

RULES FOR COMPETITION

RULE 141 Entries

I.-Competitions under Rules are to amateurs in accordance wIth the LA.A.F. Ru es relating to the eligibility of athletes to compete. (Refer to Rules 51-54.) 2 -No competitor shall be allowed to outside status IS his 'own country unless his in writing by the recognised governmg AssoCla tion of his country, and he has permIssIon. sue body to compete. In all international competItIOns, such antee of the amateur status of an .athlete shall be as conclusive, for the time of the lete's eligibility to compete; any ObjectIOn as hIS status shall be referred to the LA.A.F. (Re er to

Rule 11.)

RULES 126, 141

- - - - - - -

in the case of Area Games or Champion-' ShIP.S (see (4) belo.w), all women's entries must be accomby a cerbficatt: as to sex, issued by a qualified doctor recogmsed by the National Association In the following form: ' Medical Certificate for Female Participants in Athletics (Rule 141 of the Regulations of the International Amateur Athletic Federation: must be accompanied by a certi"All women's ficate to sex, Issued by a qualified medical doctor recogmsed by the National Association.") , <-

I HEREBY CERTIFY that .. . ....... ........ ...... ...

of . is qualified in of the LA.A.F. to compete in women's events. Signature of Medical Practitioner ......................................... Address .................................................................................... Date ..... ................................................................................... Signature of National Governing Body . Address .................................... -.. ...................................... Date ......................................................... 4.-In (as

case of all Area Games or Championships Rule 12) women's entries shall not be acby a certificate, but the Organising CommIttee aP.l?0mt a panel of three medical doctors In events shall appear before and all the .l?anel, who wIll be reqUIred to certify that they are qualIfied to compete in such events. In

RULE 142 The Competition I.-No performance accomplished by an athlete will be valid unless it has been accomplished during an official competition using only equipment authorised by the rules of tlie LA.A.F. 2.-In matches arranged between members of the LA.A.F. the number of trials in the jumping and throwing events may be reduced as desired; any such arrangement should be made previous to the meeting. (Also see Rule 171, para. 11, and Rule 181, para. 2.) 3.-In all events competitors must wear clothing which is clean and so designed and worn as not to be objectionable. The clothing must be made of a material which is non-transparent even if wet. 4.-Competitors may compete in bare feet or with footwear on one or both feet. The purpose of shoes for competition is to give protection and stability to the feet and a firm grip of the ground; such shoes, however, must not be constructed so as to give the competitor any additional assistance. Competitors are not permitted to wear shoes which incorporate any spring or device of any kind or of which the sole, including grooves or ridges, has a total thickness exceeding 13 millimetres (0,5 in.). The thickness of the heel must not exceed that of the sole by more than 6 millimetres (0,25 in.) except in walking events, where shoes may be worn of which the thickness of the heel exceeds that of the sole by not more than 13 millimetres (0,5 in.). The sole and the heel may have grooves, ridges and/or spikes. The number of spikes is limited to a maximum of six in the sole proper and two in the heel. The part of each spike which projects from the sole or the heel must not exceed 25 millimetres (l in.) in length RULE 142

or 4 millimetres 0·16 in.) in diameter. A shoe strap-over the instep is permitted. I Competitors may not use any appliance either inside or outside the shoe which will have the effect of increasing the thickness of the sole above the permitted maximum of 13 millimetres (0'50 in.) or which can give the wearer any advantage which he would not obtain from the type of shoe described in the previous paragraph. 5.-Every competitor must be provided with two numbers to be worn visibly on the breast and back. The numbers must correspond with the number in the programme. If track suits are worn in the competition, numbers must be worn on the track suit in a similar manner. In the pole vault and high jump, the competitors may wear the number on the back or front only. No competitor shall be allowed to take part in any competi-I tion without the appropriate number or.ll:I.l.IpQer-s.. __ At all InternatIOnal meetings (I.e. as defined in Rule 12 I l(a), (b) and (c)) the competitor's number card may bear only the official name of the meeting or competition (size not to exceed 15 cm. x 2i cm., 6 in. x 1 in.) in addition to the actual number. NOTE.- Where national governing bodies have contracts with commercial sponsors for the addition oflettering on number cards to be worn at domestic meetings, Members are recommended not to permit this lettering to exceed 15 cm. X 2i cm. (6 in. X 1 in.) and to ensure that the same style of number is issued to all competitors taking part in the competition. ...__ __ .. 6.-Any competitor running across or obstructing another competitor so as to impede his progress shall be liable to disqualification. If in any race a competitor is disqualified for any of these reasons, the Referee shall have power to order the race to be re-run excluding the disqualified competitor or, in the case of a heat, to permit any competitors affected by the act resulting in disqualification (other than the disqualified

-r-

competitor) to compete in a subsequent round of. the race. If for any reason a competitor is hampered III a trial in a field event, the Referee shall have power to award him a substitute trial. (Also see Rule 116, para. 5.) 7.-In all races run in lanes each competitor should from start to. finish. This shall keep in his allotted also apply to any portion of a race run m lanes. (Also see Rule 166.) 8.-If the Referee is satisfied, on the report of a or Umpire or otherwise, that a ha.s ately run outside his lane, he shall.dIsquahfy .hIm; If the Referee considers that such actIOn was umntentIOnal, if he is of the opinion - he may at his discretion that a material advantage was gamed thereby. (See table bel6w for theoretical advantages obtained by running from 1 to 10 strides from 5 ems to 30 ems inside the inner border of a lane round the curves.) Advantage Gained by Encroaching t Centimetres on Inside of Lane

Track 400 metres Stride 2.30 m. Number of Strides

t=5cm

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

cm 0·4 0·7 1·1 1·4 1·8 2·2 2·5 2·9 3·3 3·6

t=10cm t=15 cm t=30cm cm 0·7 1·4 2·2 2·9 3·6 4·4 5·1 5·8 6·5 7·2

em 1·1 2·2 3'3 4'4 5·4 6'5 7·6 8'7 9'8 10'9

cm 2·2 4·4 6·6 8·8 10·9 13·1 15·3 17·5 19·7 21·9

This table shows mathematically, the theoretical advantage gained by taking 'from 1 to 10 stri?es the inner border of a lane. The distances are shown In centlmetres. e.g. four strides 15 ems inside gives an advantage of 4·4 ems.

80 9.-A competitor after voluntarily leaving the track or course shall not be allowed to continue in the race. <.' 10.-Except with the prior approval of the Referee, no official or any other person within the arena shall indicate any intermediate times to competitors. l1.-Except as provided in Rules 165 and 191 (Marathon races and long distance walking races), during the progress of an event no competitor shall receive any assistance whatsoever from any person. 12.-Subject to the provisions of paragraph 13, if a competitor misses his turn in a field event, he shall not be permitted to take the trial so missed. B.-If a competitor is entered in both a track event and field event, or in more than one field event taking place simultaneously, the judges may allow the competitor to take his trials in an order different from that decided upon prior to the start of the competition, but the competitor cannot demand to take all his trials in succession or to take any trials of the rounds in which he has failed to appear. 14.-A competitor in a field event who unreasonably delays making a trial renders himself liable to have that trial disallowed and recorded as a fault. For a second delay at any time during the competition, he shall be debarred from taking any further trials, but any per-I1formance accomplished up to that time shall stand. It is a matter for the Referee to decide, having regard to all the circumstances, what is an unreasonable delay. The following times, which must not be regarded as imperative, should not normally be exceeded: (a) In the case of the High Jump, Long Jump, Triple Jump, Shot, Discus, Hammer andJavelin, 2 minutes; and (b) In the case of the Pole Vault, 3 minutes. The competitor must be notified by the official responsible when the period allowed for his trial has commenced. 15.-In order to obtain a better grip, competitors in the pole vault and throwing events are permitted to use >. -

an adhesive substance such as resin or a similar substance on their hands only. 16.-The Referee shall have the power to change the place of the competition in any field event, if in his opinion the conditions justify it. Such a change shall be made only after a round has been completed. 17.-Except in the case of relay races run in lanes (see check-marks Rule 166), competitors may not place objects on or along;:'lde the runnmg track for theIr assistance. 18.-In international matches where the result of a match is to be determined by the scoring of points, the - method of scoring will, unless otherwise agreed by all the competing countries before the meeting, be as follows: (a) Where there are two teams with two competitors in each event: 5, 3, 2, 1. (b) Where there are three teams with two competitors in each event, or two teams with three competitors in each event, or six teams with one competitor in each event: 7, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. (c) In relay races with two teams: 5, 2. In relay races with three teams: 7, 4, 2. In relay races with six teams: 7, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. . NOTE.-The scoring system set out above is based on the number of athletes (or teams in relay races) entitled to compete in each event, and will not be changed if the number actually competing in any event is smaller. RULE 143 Rounds, Heats and Qualifying Competitions

Track Events I.-Preliminary rounds (heats) shall be held in track events in which the number of competitors is too large to allow the competition to be conducted satisfactorily in a single round (final). 2.-The heats and qualifying conditions shall be

arranged by the Committee conducting the Meeting, except in the Olympic Games when the Council of,the I.A.A.F. will act. The representatives of each nation shall be placed as far as possible in different heats, which shall be so arranged that not less than six competitors shall qualify for the final. .

NOTE.-It is recommended, when heats are being arranged, that the latest standard performances by the competitors be taken into consideration and the heats so arranged that normally the best performers should reach the final. 3.-In any competition where there are more competitors than can be placed in the first row, the draw for stations shall be by nations, when one competitor from each nation shall be placed in the order of the draw. Additional starters from any nation shall then be placed behind, in the same order. 4.-A competitor shall not be allowed to compete in a heat other than the one in which his name appears, except in circumstances which in the opinion of the Referee justify an alteration. 5.-In all preliminary rounds, at least the first and second in each heat shall qualify for the next round. 6.-The following minimum times must be allowed, when practicable, between the last heat of any round and the first heat of a subsequent round or final: Up to and including 220 yards 45 minutes Over 220 yards and up to and including 1,000 metres 90 minutes Over 1,000 metres ... 3 hours Field Events 7.-In any field event, a qualifying competition may be held if necessary, to decide who shall compete in the competition proper. The qualifying conditions shall be

RULE 143

arranged by the Committee conducting the Meeting except in the Olympic Games when the Council of the LA.A.F. will act. The competitors shall co'mpete in the order drawn by lot and, where possible, their names shall be placed in the programme in the order drawn. At the end of the qualifying competition, the order for competing in the competition proper shall be determined by a fresh drawing by lot.

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85 RULE 144 ,

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, I

I.-Doping before or during competition is forbidden. 2.-Doping is the use by or distribution to a competitor of certain substances which could have the effect of improving artificially the competitor's physical and/or mental condition and so augmenting his athletic performance. 3.-Doping substances, for the purpose of this rule, include the following:(a) Psychomotor stimulant drugs, e.g. Amphetamine, methylamphetamine, ethylamphetamine, benzphetamine, phendimetrazine, cocaine, norpseudoephedrin and related compounds. (b) Sympathomimetic amines: ephedrine, methylephedrine, methoxyphenamine, and related compounds. (c) Miscellaneous central nervous system stimulants: Leptazol, amiphenasole, bemigride, nikethamide, strychnine, and related compounds. (d) Narcotic Analgesics, e.g. morphine, heroin, methadone, pethidine, dextromoramide, dipipanone. (e) Anabolic steroids. The above list is not necessarily comprehensive. Cases of doubt as to other substances which may be regarded as doping substances shall be referred to the Medical Advisory Panel for decision. 4.-Anti-doping controls shall be carried out under the supervision of a Doping Committee and will take place only when ordered by the LA.A.F. or by the Area or national governing body responsible for organising or sanctioning the meeting. The Doping Committee shall consist of a qualified medical officer and an appropriate

RULE 144

official of the meeting (e.g. a Technical Delegate). Where random testing for doping is to be carried out, selection of the athletes to. be controlled shall be made before the event by the DopingCommittee. In addition, further controls or tests may be ordered at the discretion of the Doping Committee. 5.-An athlete who takes part in a competition must, if so requested by the responsible official, submit to an anti-doping control. Refusal to do so will result in disqualification. 6.-Special medical treatment which has been received within 24 hours of the start of the competition or event, must be declared to the Doping Committee before the competition or event, by means of official forms. 7.-A competitor found to have used or to be in possession of doping substances at an athletic meeting shall be disqualified from the competition and reported to his national governing body. (See Rule 53, para. xi) Likewise any person assisting or inciting others to use doping substances shall be considered as having committed an offence against LA.A.F. rules, and thus exposes himself to disciplinary action. 8.-The detailed procedure for the conduct of tests, including the collection of urine samples, the method of analysis and the use of accredited laboratories, shall be determined by the Medical Advisory Panel of the LA.A.F. Copies of the current approved procedure shall be supplied on request by the lA.A.F. to responsible organising bodies for the information and guidance of the Doping Committees. ---RULE 145 Measurements and Weights I.-All measurements must be made with a certified steel or fibre-glass tape or bar graduated in centimetres 11

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RULES 144-145

_ _ ..

86 and/or quarter-inches, and all implements must be weighed on a governmentally approved balance. 2.-In measuring the distances of throwing, putting and jumping events, that part of the tape recording the distance achieved must be held by an official at the take-off point, the circle or scratch line. Distances, if measured in metres, shall always be recorded to the nearest centimetre below the distance covered, i.e., fractions less than one centimetre must be ignored, except that in the case of the discus, hammer and javelin throws, distances shall be recorded in even 2 centimetre units (e.g. 62,44, 62'46, etc.) to the nearest unit below. Distances, if measured in feet, shall be recorded to the nearest quarter-inch below the distance covered, except that in the case of the discus, hammer and javelin throws, distances shall be recorded in units of 1 inch, to the nearest inch below. In jumping for height, all measurements shall be made perpendicularly from the ground with a certified steel or fibre-glass tape or bar to the lowest part of the upper 11 side of the bar. NOTE.-For measurements for World Records for all field events, see Rule 148 (4) (d). 3.-A scientific measuring apparatus, such as a datum line measurer, the accuracy of which is approved by the Governmental Weights and Measures department of the country where the events are held, may be used. 4.-In events over roads, the course shall be measured one metre from the verge of the road and in the direction of the race. A certificate of correctness shall be furnished by the official surveyor-see Rule 126. It is recommended that a wheel of exact circumference which will record on a counter the number of revolutions be used. The speed of operation of the wheel should not exceed 3 miles. or 5,000 metres per hour and the counter must be checked against a stretch of road-not running track-not less than one kilometre in

length accurately measured by surveyor's chain or steel tape. See also Rules 126, 165 and 191. NOTE.-Instructions setting out the recommended method of measuring road courses may be obtained on application to the office of the I.A.A.F. RULE 146 Ties

Ties shall be decided as follows: Track Events I.-In the event of a tie in any heat which affects the qualification of competitors to compete in the next round or final, where practicable, the tying competitors shall both qualify, failing which they shall compete again. In case of a tie for first place in any final, the Referee is empowered to decide whether it is practicable to arrange for the competitors so tying to compete again. If he decides it is not, the result shall stand. Ties in other placings shall remain. Field Events 2.-In jumping or vaulting for height: (a) The competitor with the lowest number of jumps at the height at which the tie occurs shall be awarded the higher place. (b) If the tie still remains, the competitor with the lowest total of failures throughout the competition up to and including the height last cleared shall be awarded the higher place. (c) If the tie still remains, the competitor with the lowest total number of jumps (whether successful

RULE 146

88 or not) throughout the competition up to and including the height last cleared shall be awarded the higher place. '.

ExampleHigh Jump I. 78

1.85

Metres 1.88 1.90

1.92

1.94

6'4'

6'5"

Total failures

Total Jumps

xO xO 0 xxO x xxO 0 0 0 xO 0 x 0 xxO xxO 0 0 xxO xxO xO = Did not jump. 0 = Cleared. x = Failed.

xxx xxx xxx xxx

4 4 5

8 9

5' 10" A B C D

1.82 6'0"

6'1'

6'2"

6'3'

Pos 2 3 4 1-

A, B, C and D all cleared 1·92 metres (6 ft. 4 in.) and failed at 1·94 metres (6 ft. 5 in.). The rule regarding ties comes into operation, and as "D" cleared 1·92 metres (6 ft. 4 in.) at his second attempt, the others taking three, he is declared the winner. The other three will tie and the Judges add up the total number of failures, up to and including the height last cleared, i.e., 1·92 metres (6 ft. 4 in.). "C" has more failures than "A" or "B", and is therefore awarded fourth place. "A" and "B" still tie and the Judges add up the total number of jumps up to and including the height last cleared, i.e., 1·92 metres (6 ft. 4 in.). "A" being awarded second place. (d) If the tie still remains:

(i) If it concerns the first place, the competitors tying shall have one more jump at the height at which they failed, and if no decision is reached, the bar shall be lowered or raised to the heights which shall be announced; they shall then attempt one jump at each height

until t.he tie is dedded. Competitors so tying must Jump on each occasion when deciding the tie. (Also see ,Rule 148 para. 6.) (ii) If.it concerns any other place, the competitors shall be awarded the same place in the competition. 3.-In those field events where the result is determined by distance, the second best performance of the competitors tying shall decide the tie. If the tie still remains, the third best, and so on. It is recommended that in international matches, where two or more competitors Jie, the rules for deciding ties should not apply, the points for the places concerned being shared. RULE 147 Protests i.-Protests concerning the status of an athlete to participate in a meeting must be made, prior to the commencement of such meeting, to the Jury of Appeal or, if no Jury has been appointed, to the Referee. If matter cannot be settled satisfactorily prior to the meeting, the athlete shall be allowed to compete "under protest" and the matter be referred to the Council of the LA.A.F.

2.-Protests relating to matters which develop during the carrying through of the programme should be made at once, and not later than within thirty minutes after the result has been officially announced, 3.-Any such protests must be made in writing by a responsible official to the Referee (who in case of necessity shall refer to Jhe Jury of Appeal) accompanied by the deposit of pound sterling or its equivalent before action is taken. The deposit will be forfeited ifthe protest to be frivolous. (Also see Rule 115.) is RULE 147

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RULE 148 World Records

I.-When a WorId Record is to be 'claimed, the LA.A.F. member in the country where the record performance was made shall proceed without delay to collect all the information required to establish the record. 2.-The official application form of the LA.A.F. shall be filled in and forwarded to the LA.A.F. office within six months. If the application concerns a foreign athlete, a duplicate of the form shall be sent to the National Association of the athlete in question. 3.-A WorId Record shall be accepted if the application form is submitted by the Member where the record was made and is certified by the Referee, Judges and Recorder of the Meeting as to: date; time of day; place; condition of track or field; level or gradient of ground; state of weather; force and direction of wind; correctness as to the distance covered by the competitor in a race; correctness of announced time, distance or height, weight, measurement and material of implement, and assurance that the athletic rules of the LA.A.F. have been strictly followed. 4.-The following conditions shall apply to all WorId Records: (a) The record has been approved by the National Association of the country where the record was made. (b) The record must be made out of doors, and must not have been made on a wooden surface. Running and walking records may be made only on a track which is not banked and will be recognised only if the track has a raised border as specified in RULE 148

--.-------------

Rule 161 (1) or in the case of a grass track only if it is marked and flagged in accordance with Rule 161 (1). (c) Running and walking records must be timed by official Timekeepers, as provided in Rule 119 (acceptea by the National Association as such), whose watches must have been exhibited to the Chief Timekeeper for confirmation of the time recorded. Times recorded by approved electrical timing devices (see Rule 119) may also be accepted. (d) R:ecords in fiel.d events .must be measured by three 11 FIeld Judges WIth a certIfied steel or fibre-glass tape, graduated in centimetres, or by a scientific apparatus approved by the Governmental Weights and Measures department of the country where the event is help. Measurements for World Records for field events must be made and submitted in metres to the nearest centimetre below, except that in the case of the discus, javelin and hammer throws the distances shall be recorded in even 2 centimetre units to the nearest unit below (e.g. 62,44, 62,46, etc.) For the information of member countries these records will also be shown in feet and inches. (e) The record must be made in a bona fide scratch

competition which has been duly fixed and advertised before the day and is included in the printed programme of the meeting together with the names of the entrants for the event, and has been sanctioned, recognized or certified by the LA.A.F. Member for the country in which the event is held. A race must be stated over one distance only. It is, therefore, not considered a bona fide scratch competition if any of the athletes compete at a shorter distance than others in the same race.

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92 In deciding whether the competition' was a bona fide one, the International Amateur Athletic Federation will consider whether the claimant was unfairly assisted towards the time accomplished by pacing from another competitor apparently designed to assist him to achieve a record. It is permissible for the same athlete to accomplish in the same race any number of records, but it is not permissible for an athlete to be credited with a record at a shorter distance if he did not finish the race over the full distance for which the --------- ------ \ race had been fixed. n field events a handicap may be combined with I the Scratch competitiop.. ---- ': (f) The Organjsers of the competition shall refrain from stating or including in any advertisement, programme or written matter of any kind, any suggestion that any event will be an attempt upon a record. (g) For the 200 metres and 220 yards (including hurdles) there shall be two separate classes of records; those made on a straight course, and those on a course with bends. Records over these distances in races not started on a perimeter shall be classified as made on a straight course. Records made on tracks of more than 440 yards perimeter shall be classified as straight course records unless at least 100 metres -110 yards-is run round bends. For any record at any distance over 220 yards to be recognised, the track on which it was made must not exceed 440 yards in perimeter and the race must have started on some part of the perimeter; The limitation as regards perimeter does not apply to steeplechase events where the water jump is placed outside a normal 400 metres or 440 yards track.

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'n)

On any track with more than 8 lanes, records made in any lane beyond the eighth shall in the 200 metres or 220 yar.ds be classified as "Straight course" records, and at distances over 220 yards shall not be accepted. For wal1<ing records the track must be an oval from 350 metres (minimum) to 500 metres (maximum) with two curves and two straights from 60 metres (minimum) to 120 metres (maximum). For all records up to 220 yards and for the long jump and triple jump, information as to wind conditions must be available. If the component of the wind measured in the direction of the racing behind the competitor\exceedsl2 metres (6 ft. 6 in.) per second the record will not be accepted. The periods for which the wind component shall be measured are as follows, from the report of the pistol: Seconds 100 yds. or 100 m... , 10 lOOm. hurdles 13 110 m. or 120 yds. hurdles 15 }straight (inc. hurdles)

In 200 metres or 220 yards (including hurdles) run on a curve, the component shall be measured for a period of 10 seconds, commencing as the runners enter the straight. In the Long Jump and Triple Jump it shall be measured for a period of 5 seconds from the time a competitor passes a mark placed alongside the runway, in the case of the Long Jump 40 metres and in the case of the Triple Jump 35 metres, from the take-off board; or if the competitor runs less than 40 or 35 metres, as the case may be, from the time he commences his run.

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94 In each case the average wind speed during theÂˇ prescribed period will be calculated. (h) The record must be better than or equal the result in the latest World Record list, in the event in question. If a record at a longer distance is better than the existing record for a shorter distance, a claim maybe submitted for records at both distances. (i) In a race run in lanes, no record will be accepted where the runner has run on or inside the inner curved border of his lane. (j) In the case of women's records all applications must be accompanied by a medical certificate as to sex, drawn up by a qualified medical doctor recognised by the National Association of the athlete claiIp.ing the record. (k) A relay record may be made only by a team whose members are citizens of a single member country. Citizenship may be obtained in any of the ways referred to in paragraph 2 of Rule 12. A colony which is not in separate membership of the LA.A.F. shall be deemed for the purpose of this rule to be part of its mother country. 5.-Records for the Pentathlon and Decathlon will be accepted only if the performance in each event, of which the Pentathlon and Decathlon consists, is certified in accordance with the preceding paragraphs of this rule, except that records for Pentathlon and Decathlon may be recognized, even though the force of the wind exceeded 2 metres per second in any of the events. 6.-Records made in heats or qualifying competitions, in deciding ties, and in individual events in Pentathlon and Decathlon competitions will be accepted. 7.-The President and Honorary Secretary of the I.A.A.F. together are authorised to recognise World Records. If they are in any doubt whether or not the record should be accepted, the application shall be referred to the Council for decision.

The LA.A.F. will inform the Member applying for a World Record of the acceptance of the record or will state the reason why the record was not accepted. 8.-The LA.A.F. office shall keep lists of the World and Olympic Records. These lists shall be revised once a year and a copy forwarded to each member of the LA.A.F. 9.-Members of the LA.A.F. shall keep a list of the National Records in their own countries. Copies of these lists shall be forwarded to the LA.A.F. office in January each year. NOTE.-(I) The official World Record plaques, as designed by the I.A.A.F. for presentation to World Record holders, will be supplied by the I.A.A.F. provided National Associations remit the cost.

(2) Refer to Rule 381 as to the events for which World Records are approved. (3) It is recommended that National Associations should adopt similar rules to the above for the recognition of their own records. RULE 149 Official Implements

I.-In all international competitions the implements used must comply with the specifications for official implements adopted by the LA.A.F. set out in Rules 201-216. 2.-All such implements shall be provided by the organisers of the meeting. No competitor is allowed to use any other implements, with the exception of vaulting poles and starting blocks, in which case they may use their own, provided these comply with the conditions laid down in the rules. (Also see Rules 173, and Rules 215 and 162 para. 9.) RULE 149

97 See Rule 148(4) (b) for requirements for recognition of World Records.

SECTION III RUNNING EVENTS

2.-The measurement shall be taken 30 centimetres (1 ft.) outward from the inner border of the track or where no border exists 20 centimetres (8 in.) from the line marking the inside of the track-but see (1) above.

RULE 161 Track and Lanes (See diagram) I.-The running track should be not less than 7·32 metres (24 ft.) in width and if possible be bordered on the inside with cement, wood or other suitable material, 5 centimetres (2 in.) in height, and not more than 5 centimetres (2 in.) in width. Where it is not possible for the inner edge of the running track to have a raised border, the inner edge shall be marked with lines of chalk? centimetres (2 in.) in width. Where it is a grass track It shall also be flagged at intervals of 5 metres (or 5 yards). Flags must be so placed on the chalk line as to prevent any competitor running on the chalk line and they shall be placed at an angle of 60 degrees with away from the track. Flags approximately the 25 centImetres (lOin.) by 20 centimetres (8 in.) in size mounted on a staff 45 centimetres (18 in.) long are the most suitable for the purpose.

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•

,.n.. (-4FT)

,·f2.. ( " F T ) ' '.

RULE 161

__....

,,/

50",1", (2') 1

...

WOOOOR. CONCRETE ./

ME,A.SUI\.l!MENT LINE INNEf\. L,A.NE (2·)T,A.PE Of\. CHALK:

ME,A.SUREMENT LINE ALL OTHER. LANES.

LEVEl.

3.-(q) In all races up to and including 440 yards, each shall have a separate lane, with a minimum WIdth of 1·22 metres--4 feet-and a maximum width of 1·25 metres--4 feet 11 inches-to be marked by lines of chalk or similar substance, 5 centimetres-2 inchesin width. The inner lane shall be measured as stated in paragraph 2 above, but the remaining lanes shall be measured 20 centimetres (8 in.) from the outer edges of the chalk lines.

NOTE.-The chalk line on the right hand only of each lane shall be included in the measurement of the width of each lane. (See diagram.) (b) In 4 X 400 metres, or 4 X 440 yards relay races, the lap as well as the part of the second lap as far as the eXIt from the first bend of the second lap will be run entirely in lanes. In 4 X 200 metres or 4 X 220 yards races, the first two stages as well as the part of the thIrd stage up to the exit from the first bend of the third stage will be run entirely in lanes. The competitors are free to take over any position on the track at the entrance to the following straight which shall be marked with a flag set on a post at least 1·50 metres (5 ft.) high on each side of the track and a line 5 centimetres (2 in.) wide across the track. The distance from start t? finish shall be measured in such a way that the competing teams shall each run the same distance of 4 x 400 metres (4 x 440 yards) or 4 x 200 metres (4 x 220 yards). (See also Rule 166, para. 4, and Rule 142, para. 7.)

In the 4;< 400 metres or 4 X 440 yards relay, where only two teams are competing, it is recommended that only the first bend of the first lap should be run in lanes. (For recommended method of setting out the starts see diagram.) (c) In Olympic Games and all Area Championships, the 800 metres (880 yards) event shall be run with the first bend in lanes, the maximum number of available lanes being used. The starts shall be so staggered that the distance from start to finish shall be the same for each competitor. (For recommended method of setting out the starts see diagram.)

SETIING OUT STARTS FOR 800 METRES (880 YARDs) WHERE FIRST CURVE IS RUN IN LANES.

JOCMS

J/)CMS

FINISH UNE

STARTS IN RESPECTIVE LANES C POINT AT WHICH TANGENT FROM Y MEETS 30 CENTIMETRE LINE IN INSIDE LANE

POINTS OF DENOUEMENT FROM

LANES

NOTE.-In international matches the use of lanes will be by agreement between the competing countries. I

4.-The direction of running shall be left-hand inside. 5.-In international meetings the track should allow for at least six lanes. 6.-The maximum allowance for lateral inclination of tracks shall not exceed 1 : 100 and in the running direction 1 : 1,000. NOTE.-It is recommended that where possible the length of the track should be not less than 400 metres or 440 yards and the width should allow for eight lanes, particularly in major events, such as the Olympic Games and Area Championships.

HOT TO !CA.lE

As the runners are permitted to leave their respective lanes on entering the back straight, the starting positions must care for two factors. Firstly, the normal echelon allowance which would be applicable were the race to be of 200 metres starting at the same point on the track; and secondly an adjustment to the starting point in each lane to compensate for the runners in the outside lane having farther to go to reach the inside position on the track at the end of the back straight than those in the inside lanes. The following method of arriving at the starting position in each lane is recommended. 1. Mark BI in the inside lane at the point of entry into the back straight 30 centimetres (12 in,) from the inside kerb. ' 2. Fix point Y, which is the point in the outer lane in prolongation of the line A RI 20 centimetres (8 in.) from the inner line of the lane.

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101

3. Fix point C, which is the point on the path of the runner, namely 30 centimetres (12 in.) from the inside kerb at which the back straight ends and the next curve commences. 4. With radius C BI describe an arc across the track BI X. This line must be flagged at each end to indicate to the runners that they may leave their lanes at stage. For lanes 2 to 6 this point can be determined by the intersection of BI X and the path of the runner, which is 20 centimetres (8 in.) from the line marking the inside of his lane.

SETfING OUT STARTS AND CHANGE OVER AREAS FOR 4 x 400 METRES (4 x 440 YARDS) RELAY WHERE ONE LAP PLUS ONE COMPLETE CURVE IS RUN IN LANES. xy

30'''' A -

FINISH LINE

56; -

STARTS IN FIRST RELAY

- MIDDLE OF FlRSr TAKEOVER

The correct adjustment to the starting positions can now be determined. The normal starting position in each lane for a 200 metre race must be advanced by the distance the points of denouement from the lanes, viz.: B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 are in advance of the line BI Y. An indication of the distance by which the normal starting position in each lane must be advanced can be seen from the following calculations, where each lane is the standard width of 1 ·22 metres and the straight is 80 metres long: 5.

Lane 1 -1-- zero. " 2 + 1 cm. " 3 + 3·5 cm. " 4 + 8·4 cm. " 5 + 14,5- m. " 6 + 23·5 cm. " 7 + 33·5 cm. " 8 + 44·5 cm.

ZON E IN EACH lANE

I>: 15 IDENTICAL WITH 5'

I.-Since the first runner in each team has to cover the full lap in lanes and the second runner has to keep in his lane until entry to the back straight, the method described to set out starts for 800 metres should be followed to determine the first take-over zones, which will be within two lines set out 10 metres either side of Al A2 A3 etc. 2.-Echelon starting positions for the first runner in each team must be set out as follows: Inside bn.e SI identical with Al. S2 =A2 plus normal stagger Lane 2 for 400 metres; Lane 3 =A3 plus normal stagger for 400 metres. Lane 4 =A4 plus normal stagger and so on. for 400 metres.

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3.-The take-over zones for the second and last takeovers will be the normal 10 metre lines either side of the start/finish line A.A. RULE 162 The Start and Finish I.-The start and finish of a race shall be denoted by a line marked in chalk 5 centimetres (2 in.) in width at right angles to the inner edge of the track. The distance of the race shall be measured from the edge of the starting line further from the finish, to the edge of the finish line nearer to the start. Two white posts shall denote the extremities of the finish line, and shall be placed at least 30 centimetres (1 ft.) from the edge of the track. (For apparatus see Rule 216.) In all races not run in lanes the starting line shall be curved so that wherever it occurs on the track all the runners start the same distance from the finish.

RULE 162

2.-All races shall be started by the actual report of a pistol or any similar apparatus fired upwards into the air, but not before all the competitors are quite still on their marks. 3.-At all international meetings, the words of the Starter in his own tongue shall in races up to and including 880 yards be "On your marks", "Set", and when all Competitors are "Set", the pistol shall be fired. In races over 880 yards, the words shall be "On your marks" and when all competitors are steady, the pistol shall be fired. 4.-If for any reason the Starter has to speak to any competitor after the competitors are on their marks, -:he shall order all competitors to stand up and the Starter's assistants shall place them on the assembly line again. 5.-0n the command "Set" all competitors shall at once and without delay assume their full and final set position. Failure to comply with this command after a reasonable time shall constitute a false start. 6.-If a competitor leaves his mark with hand or foot after the words "On your marks" or "Set" as the case may be, and before the pistol is fired, it shall be considered a false start. 7.-Any competitor making a false start must be warned. If a competitor is responsible for two false starts or three in the case of the Pentathlon or Decathlon, he shall be disqualified. 8.-The Starter or any Recall Starter who is of the opinion that the start was not a fair one, shall recall the competitors with a shot. . NOTE.-In practice, when one or more competitors makes a false start, others are inclined to follow and, strictly speaking, any competitor who does so follow has also made a false start. The Starter should warn only such competitor or competitors who in his opinion were responsible for the false start. This may result in more than one competitor being warned. If the unfair start is not due to any competitor, no warning shall be given.

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104 9.-Starting blocks may be used. If starting blocks are used , both feet must be in contact with the track while . in the "set" position. Competitors in the OlympiC Games, and Area and Group Championships may use only starting blocks approved by the LA.A.F. and provided by the Organisers of the meeti.ng. In all competitions, competitors may use their own startm blocks provided they comply with LA.A.F. specifications, and the circumstances permit. 1O.-Unless in the opinion of the Referee it is undesirable because of the direction and the velocity of the wind, worsted shall be stretched across the track between the finish posts 1·22 metres (4 f1.) above the ground and fastened to the posts for the purpose of assisting the Referee and Judges in placing the competitors. It shall be immediately ab9ve the edge of the finish line which is near to the start. 11.-The competitors shall be placed in the order in which any part of their bodies (i.e. "torso" as distinguished from the head, neck, arms, legs, hands or feet) reach the nearer edge of the finish line as defined above. NOTE.-A photo-finish camera should be used wherever possible .. when it is used, it must be referred to before a final decision is arrived at. (See also Rule 119, para. 6.)

12.-In any race decided on the basis of the distance covered in a fixed period of time, the Starter shall fire the pistol exactly one minute before the end of the race to warn competitors and judges that the race is nearing its end. At exactly the appropriate time after the start, the Starter shall signal the end of the race by again firing the pistol. All the Timekeepers will immediately stop their watches. The Starter shall be directed bv the Chief Timekeeper. At the moment the pistol is fued to signal the expiration of the time, the Judges appointed for that purpose shall mark the exact spot where each competitor the track for the last time before or simultaneously with the firing of the

105 pistol. The distance achieved shall be measured to the nearest metre or yard behind the rear edge of the last footprint of the competitor. One Judge at least must be assigned to each competitor before the start of the race for the purpose of marking the distance achieved. (Also refer to ltules 120, 121 and 215.) RULE 163 Hurdle Races I.-The following are the standard distances: MEN. WOMEN In yards 120, 220, 440 In metres 110, 200, 400 In metres 100, 200 2.-MEN. There shall be ten flights of hurdles in each lane, set out in accordance with the following table: Distance of race

*Height of Hurdle

Distance from scratch line to first hurdle

Distance between hurdles

Distance from last hurdle to finish line

Minimum Maximum Metres Cm. Cm. Metres Metres Metres 110 106·4 107·0 13·72 9·14 14·02 200 75·9 76·5 18·29 18·29 17·10 400 91·1 91·7 45 35 40 Yards 120 220 440

Ft. In. 3 5·89 2 5·882 2 11·867

Ft. In. Yards Yards Yards 3 6·126 15 10 15 2 6·118 20 20 20 3 0·102 49·25 38·25 46·5

*Refer to Rule 213 for construction and standard heights of hurdles. RULE 163

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107

WOMEN. There shall be ten flights of hurdles in each lane, set out as follows: Distance of race

*Height of Hurdle

Distance from scratch line to first hurdle

Minimum Maximum Metres Cm. Cm. 100 84·3 83'7 76·5 200 75·9

Distance between hurdles

Distance from last hurdle to finish line

Metres Metres Metres 10·5 13 8·5 16 19 13

NOTE.-The tolerance allowance above and below the standard heights is to allow for variation in the manufacture of the hurdles. 3.-All races s,hall be run in lanes and each competitor shall keep to his' own lane throughout. 4.-A competitor who trails his or leg any hurdle or jumps any not III his own lane or III the opinion of the Referee delIberately knocks down anYJ\I 11 hurdle by hand or foot shall be disqualified. 5.-Except as provided in paragraph 4 this the knocking down of hurdles shall not dIsquahfy nor prevent a record being made. 6.-In establishing a World Record a complete set of hurdles of the international type must have been used. (Refer to Rule 213.) RULE 164 Steeplechase

I.-The standard distances shall be: . In metres-3,OOO (l mile 1,520 yards 2 ft. 8 Ill.). In miles-2 miles (3,218'65 metres). *Refer to Rule 213 for construction and standard heights of hurdles. RULE 164

2.-There shall be 28 hurdle jumps and 7 water jumps included in the 3,000 metres event, and 32 hurdle jumps and 8 water jumps in the 2 miles event. 3.-The water jump shall be the fourth jump in each lap. If necessary the finish line shall be moved to another part of the track. NOTE.-Owing to the water jump having to be constructed on the arena inside or outside the track, thereby lessening or lengthening the normal distance of the laps, it is not possible to lay down any rule specifying the exact length of the laps nor to state precisely the position of the water jump. It should be borne in mind that there must be enough distance from the starting line to the first hurdle to prevent the competitors from overcrowding, and there should be approximately 68 metres or 76 yards from the last hurdle to the finish line. EXAMPLE: The following measurements are given as a guide and any adjustments necessary should be made by lengthening or shortening the distance at the starting point of the race. It is assumed that a lap of 400 metres or 440 yards has been shortened by 10 metres or 10 yards by constructing the water jump inside the track. Distance from starting point to commencement of I st lap, to be run without jumps """ Distance from commencement of I st lap to I st hurdle """ From 1st to 2nd hurdle """ From 2nd to 3rd hurdle """ '" From 3rd hurdle to water jump "" From water jump to 4th hurdle '" From 4th hurdle to finishing line" ""

Lap of 390 metres 270 metres 10m. 78m. 78m. 78m. 78m. 68m.

7 laps of 390 m. = 2730 m. 3000m.

Lap f)f 430 yards 80 yds.

10 yds. 86 yds. 86 yds. 86 yds. 86 yds. 76 yds. 8Iaps--of 430 yds. =3440 yds. 3520 yds. =(2 miles)

4.-The distance from the starting point to the commencement of the first lap shall not include any jumps, the hurdles being removed U ltil the competitors have entered the first lap.

108

109

5.-Th e hurdle s shall be not less than 91·1 centimetres (2 ft. 11·867 in.) nor more than 91·7 centimetres (3 ft. 0'102 in.) high and shall be at least 3·96 metres (13 ft.) in width. The section of the top bar of the hurdles, and the hurdle at the water jump, shall be 127 millimetres (5 in.) square. The weight of each hurdle shall be between 80 kilogrammes (176! lb.) and 100 kilogrammes (220t lb.) Each hurdle shall have on either side a base between 120 centimetres (3 ft. 11·244 in.) and 140 centimetres (4 ft. 7·118 in.). (See Diagram).

,------366CM---FIXED

: : , ,

WATER

HURDLE 91'7C,M . I I I I LEVEL:

OUTLE T TO , . DRAIN ,:

' - - - - - 396,--- - -

MURD L.£

The hurdle shall be placed on the track so that 30 centimetres (1 ft.) of the top bar, measured from the inside edge of the track, will be inside the field. 6.-Th e water jump, including the hurdle, shall be 3·66 metres (12 ft.) in length and width. The water shall be 70 centimetres (2 ft. 3t in.) in depth immediately in front of the hurdle and slope to the level of the groun d at the furthe r end. The hurdle at the water jump shall be firmly fixed in front of the water and be of the same height as the others in the competition. To ensure safe landin g of the competitors, the bouom if / of the water jump shall be covered at the further end "' with suitable material, at least 366 cm. wide and 250 cm. long.

50 CM

WATE R JUMP

7.-Ea ch compe titor must go over or throug h the water, .and anyone. wh? steps to the one side or the other of the Jump or t:ails hIS foot or leg alongside any hurdle shall be dISqualIfied. He may jump or vault over each a foot on each hurdle and on the hurdle hurdle, or at the water Jump. RULE ]65 Marathon Race s-26 miles 385 yards) metre (42,195 ra:e shall be run on made- up roads; I.-Th e. cIrcumstances make it unsuitable , r SImIla or traffic when RULE 165

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110

the course, duly marked, may be on a bicycle path or footpath alongside the road, but not on soft ground such as grass verges or the like. The start and finish may be within an athletic arena. NOTE.-See Rule 145 (4) re measurement of course. 2.-Each competitor must send with his entry a medical certificate from a qualified doctor certifying his fitness to take part in a race of this kind, and shall be the race required to take a physical examination be appomted by the by a qualified doctor who organisers. If the doctor consIders It dangerous or inadvisable, the competitor shall not be allowed to start or to continue with the race. 3.-A competitor must retire at once from the race if ordered to do so by a member of the medical staff, officially appointed. 4.-The distance in kilometres and miles on the route shall be displayed to all competitors. 5.-Refreshments shall be provided by the organisers of the race at approximately 11 kilometres or 7 miles and thereafter at approximately every 5 kiloI?etres or. 3 miles. In addition, the organisers shall provIde spongmg points where water only shall be supplied, midway between two refreshment stations. No refreshment may be carried or taken by a competitor other than that provided or approved by the organisers. A may submit to them the type of deslfed, and this, if approved, must then .be handed m to the organisers at a time and place sJ?ecified by them. It be available at the stations nOmInated by the competItor. The refreshments shall be placed in such a manner that they are easily accessible for the competitors or. so that they may be put into the hands of the competItors. A competitor taking refreshments at a place other than the refreshment points appointed by the organisers renders himself liable to disqualification. (Also see Rule 142 para 11.)

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RULE 166 Relay Races I.-Chalk lines shall be' drawn across the track to mark the distances of the stages and to denote the scratch line. 2.-Chalk lines also shall be drawn 10 metres (11 yards) before and after the scratch line to denote the take-over zone within which lines the baton must be passed. These lines are to be included in the zonal measurements. In races up to 4 X 220 yards (4 x 200 metres) members of a team other than the first runner may running not more than 10 metres (11 yards) outSIde the take-over zone. A distinctive mark shall be made in each lane to denote this extended limit. In all relay races the baton must be passed within the take-over zone. When a relay race is being run in lanes, a competitor may make a check-mark on the track within his own by. scratching with his shoe, but may not place lane, markmg objects on or alongside the track. Where the is of a material which will not permit scratching WIth a shoe, some adhesive paper or powder may be used at the discretion of the judge. ' 3.-The baton must be carried in the hand throughout the race. If dropped, it must be recovered by the athlete who dropped it. 4.-The position of the teams at the start of the race shall be drawn, and shall be retained at each take over zone, except that waiting runners can move to the inside position on the track as incoming team-mates arrive provided this can be done without fouling. ' 5.-In events where the first part of the race is run in lanes, competitors, after completing this part; are free to take up any position on the track. 6.-Competitors after handing over the baton should remain in their lanes or zones until the course is clear to avoid obstruction to other competitors. Should RULE 166

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112

competitor wilfully impede a member of another team by running out of positi on or lane at the finish of the stage, he is liable to cause the disqualification of his own team. 7.-As sistan ce by pushing-off or by any other method will cause disqualification. 8.-0n ce a team has competed in the preliminary rounds of an event the composition of the team must not be altered for any subsequent round or final, except in the case of injury or illness certified by the official medical officer appoi nted for the Meeting to be such as to make it unwise for the competitor to run, when with the approval of the Referee it may be permitted. It is permissible for the order of running to be changed between heats and succeeding rounds or final. No competitor may run two sections for a team. (Also see Rule 142.) RULE 167 Team Races I.-In team races the maximum number of starters comprising a team and the numb er of competitors whose positions are to count shall be stated in the programme. 2.-If necessary, preliminary rounds may be held. 3.-Sta tions shall be drawn and the members of each team shall be lined up behin d each other at the start of the race. 4.-Th e composition of a team must not be changed after a heat has been run except in the case of injury or illness certified by the official medical officer appointed for the Meeting to be such as to make it unwise for the competitor to run, when with the approval of the Referee it may be permitted. Only competitors finishing the full distance are eligible to compete in the final. (See also Rule 166, para. 8.) 5.-Th e metho d of scoring shall be optional and may be anyon e of the following: RULE 167

(a) By scoring the least numb er of points, according

to the positions in which the scoring members of a team finish. The fiqishing positions of the nonscoring members of a team shall be scored in computing the scores of other teams, but when a to finish the requisite numb er to score team ' ated; or elimin be it shall (b) By scoring the least numb er of points according to the scoring positions in which the scoring members of a team finish. The positions of the non-scoring members of a team, whether it finishes all its members or not, shall be scored in computing the scores of other teams; or Cc) By scoring the least number of points according to the positions in which the scoring members of a team finish. The finishing positions of the nonscoring members of a team, and the members of a team which fails to finish the requisite numb er to score, shall be eliminated; or Cd) By scoring the lowest aggregate of the times recorded by the scoring members. 6.-If two or more competitors tie for any place the for the places concerned shall be aggregated and dIVIded equally among the competitors so tying. 7.-In case of a tie on points, the team whose last member finished nearest to first place shall be the wmmng team. RULE 168

Cross-Country Races General Rules. Owing to the extremely varying circumstances in which cross-country running is practised throug hout the world, especially in regard to different seasons, climatic conditions and distances, it is impossible to lay down any

RULE 168

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114

rigid legislation for the world standardisation of this sport. The following rules, however, are intended as a guide and incentive to assist new countries to develop crosscountry running both as a sport in itself and as a training adjunct to track and field events. Except where stated the rules should also apply to women's events. I.-Season. The cross-country season should normally extend throughout the winter months after the close of the track and field season. 2.-The Course. For championship and international events: (a) The race shall be run over a course confined, as far as possible, to open country, fields, heathland, commons and grassland. A limited amount of ploughed land may be included. If the course passes through woodland without any clearly defined path or track it must be clearly marked for the runners. The traversing of road of any description should be limited to the minimum. (b) The course for championship events must be clearly marked, preferably with red flags on the left and white flags on the right, all of which must be visible from a distance of 125 metres (140 yards). In all other respects the appropriate rules governing track competitions shall obtain. (c) When laying out the course very high obstacles should be avoided, so should deep ditches, dangerous ascents or descents, thick undergrowth and, in general, any obstacle which would constitute a difficulty beyond the aim of the competition. It is preferable that artificial obstacles should not be used, but if the scope of the promotion renders them unavoidable they should be made to simulate natural obstacles met with in open country. In cases where there is a large number of com-

115

petitors, narrow gaps or other hindrances which would deny to the competitors an unhampered run must be avoided for the first 1,500 metres (1,640 yards). (d) The course must be measured and the distance declared prior to the closing of entries. (e) The responsibility for providing a proper course and its marking by flags, details of which should appear in the programme, rests with the promoting body, who should appoint clerks of the course, umpires and pointsmen at intricate parts of the course to direct competitors and see that they keep to the proper course. result of a number of competitors If, as failing toÂˇ follow the correct course or for any other reason, in the opinion of the Referee circumstances arise so that justice demands that the race be contested again, he shall have power to declare the race void and order such race to be held again on some future occasion. NOTE-For events other than international competitions the foregoing regulations governing the course may be modified according to local circumstances. 3.-Age Qualification. It is recommended that competitors should be placed in age categories: (i) Senior-over 18 years of age on day of race. (ii) Junior-over 18 and under 21 years of age on day of race. (ill) Youths-over 16 and under 18 years of age on day of race. (NoTE.-In arranging details for a race it should be defined whether the age limits ruling are those on the day of the race or at the opening of the cross-country season). 4.-Distances. (a) The distance for seniors should not be less than

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116 8 kilometres (approx. 5 miles), for juniors, not more than 10 kilometres (approx. 6 miles) and youths 5 kilometres (approx. 3 miles). (b) For National Championships it is recommended that the distances for seniors should be not less than 141- kilometres (9 miles), for juniors not more than 10 kilometres (approx. 6 miles) and for youths 5 kilometres (approx. 3 miles). (c) In international races the senior race should not be less than 12 kilometres (approx. 7t miles) and the junior race 8 kilometres (approx. 5 miles). (d) For women's events the distance shall be between 2,000 and 5,000 metres and should normally be 1,500 metres or one mile for juniors. 5.-Teams and Res,erves. (a) For other than national championships and international competitions in general each team should be allowed to enter and run twice the number entitled to score, and, in addition, may enter reserves equal to the number to score. For example: In a race in which six a side have been nominated to score, each team may be allowed to enter and run twelve competitors with six nominated reserves. (b) For national championships it is recommended that in the senior race teams be entitled to enter fifteen, nine to run, six to score for points, and for the junior and youths' races twelve to enter, six to run, four to score for points. (c) For international senior races the governing body of member countries must enter a team of not less than six nor more than nine competitors and five reserves. Not more than nine nor less than six runners shall be allowed to start in the race. For international junior races the governing body of member countries shall enter a team of

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not less than three, nor more than five competitors and two reserves. Not more than five nor less than three runners from each country will be allowed to start in the race. (d) Except in international races it is recommended that entries from individuals should be accepted and members of depleted teams who on the day are unable to field the necessary scoring number may, if desired, be allowed to compete as individuals. (See para. 8 (b).) 6.-The Start. The race shall be started by the firing - of a pistol. In races which include a large number of competitors, it is recommended that a five-minute warning before the start of the races should also be given by the firing of a maroon. 7.-No competitor in cross-country events is allowed to receive assistance or refreshment from any person during the progress of the race. 8.-Scoring (a) At the conclusion of a race the Judges shall decide the respective places of the scoring competitors of each competing team, add these together and the team having the lowest aggregate shall be declared the winners. (b) In assessing the aggregate the finishing positions of any individual runners may be eliminated and subsequent finishing positions adjusted accordingly, but with large fields this is not recommended' (c) In the event of a tie it shall be resolved in favour of the team whose last scoring member finishes nearer the first place. 9.-0fficials. The following officials are considered to be necessary for principal international events but

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org anisers are at liberty to vary these where local circ umstances require. Referee Judge Judge's stewards Timekeeper Timekeeper's recorder Starter Funn el controller Chief Funnel Judge Funnel Judge and recorder Funnel stewards Disc distributors Chief result rec order Result recorde rs Disc area stewards Press stewards Chief competitors' steward Competitors' stewards Chief clerk of course Prize stewards

SECTION IV JUMPING EVENTS RUNNING HIGH JUMP; RUNNING LONG JUMP; TRIPLE JUMP; POLE VAULT

RULE 171 General Rules

General I.-The order in which the competitors take their trials shall be drawn by lot. (Also see Rule 143, para. 7.) 2.-In all jumping events the length of the runway is unlimited. The minimum length provided for the runway in each case shall be as follows: RULE 171

Running High Jump 15 metres or 50 feet Running Long Jump } Triple Jump 40 metres or 130 feet Pole Vault NOTE: Where conditions permit the runways should not be shorter than the following: Running High Jump ... 18 metres (57 ft. 3 in.) Running Long Jump } 45 metres (147 ft. Triple Jump ... 6 . ) Pole Vault ... m. 3.-In all jumping events each competitor shall be - credited with the best of all his jumps subject to conditions relating to ties. (Also see Rule 146.) 4.-The employment of weights or grips of any kind is forbidden. 5.-The take-off ground about the jump must be level. If portable mats are used, all references in the Rules to the level of the track or the take-off ground must be construed as referring to the level of the top surface of the mat. 6.-The maximum allowance for lateral inclination of the runways for jumping events shall not exceed 1 : 100 and in the running direction 1 : 1,000. 7.-In the high jump a competitor may place marks (supplied by the Organising Committee) to assist him in his run-up and take-off and a small handkerchief or similar object on the cross bar for sighting purposes. In the pole vault, long jump and triple jump, no marks shall be placed on the runway, but a competitor may place marks (supplied by the Organising Committee) alongside the runway. No marks shall be placed in any pit or landing area. 8.-Before the commencement of competitions in jumping for height, the Judges shall announce to the competitors the commencing height and the different heights to which the bar will be raised at the end of each round.

120

9.-A competitor may commence jumping at any height above the minimum height and .may jump at his own discretion at any subsequent heIght. Three consecutive failures, regardless of the height at of such failures occur, disqualify from further JumpIng. NOTE.-The effect of this rule is that a competitor may forgo his second or third jumps or vaults at .a particular height (after failing first or second time) and std! jump at a subsequent height. lO.-Even after all the other competitors have failed, a competitor is entitled to continue jumping until he has forfeited his right to compete further. lI.-Any meas-rtrement of a new height should be made before competitors attempt such height. In all cases of records the Judges must check the measurements after the height has been cleared.

NOTE.-Judges should ensure, before commencing the competition, that the underside and froly of the cross-bar are distinguishable and that the bar IS always replaced with the same surface uppermost and the same surface to the front. (Also see Rule 143.) Jumping for distance -12.-Where there are more than eight competitors, each competitor shall be allowed three trials and the eight competitors with the best jumps be. allowed three additional trials. In the event of a tie for eIghth place, any competitor so tying shall be allowed the three additional trials. Where there are eight competitors or fewer, each competitor shall be allowed six trials.

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(Also refer to Rule 142 para. 2.)

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RULE 172 Running High Jump I.-The competitor must take-off from one foot. 2.-KnocRing the bar off the supports, or touching the ground beyond the plane of the uprights with any part of the body without clearing the bar shall count as a failure. 3.-The uprights or posts shall not be moved during the competition unless the Referee considers the take-off - or landing ground has become unsuitable. In such a case. the change shall be made only after a round has been completed. (For apparatus refer to Rule 201.) RULE 173 Pole Vault I.-Any competitor may have the uprights moved in either direction but they may not be moved more than 60 centimetres (2 ft.) from the prolongation of the inside edge of the top of the stopboard. If the uprights are moved, the Judges should make a re-measurement to ensure that there is no variation in the height. (Also refer to Rule 145.) 2.-The take-off for the pole vault shall be from a wooden or metal box which shall be sunk level with the ground. 3.-A competitor fails if he : (a) knocks the bar off the supports; or (b) leaves the ground for the purpose of making a vault and fails to clear the bar; or ,RULES 172-173

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123

above the upper one or moves the upper hand higher on the pole; or (d) before taking off touches with any part of his body or with the pole, the ground, including landing area, beyond the vertical plane of the upper part of the stopboard. 4.-If in making an attempt the competitor's pole is broken it shall not be counted as a failure. 5.-No one shall be allowed to touch the pole unless it is falling away from the bar or uprights; if it is so touched the vault shall be recorded as a failure. 6.-Competitors may use their own poles. No competitor shall be allowed to use any of the private poles except with the consent of the owner. (For apparatus see Rules 201 and 202.) RULE 174 Running Long Jump I.-The take-off shall be marked by a board sunk level with the runway and the surface of the landing area, the edge of which nearer to the landing area shall be called the take-off line. If a competitor takes off before reaching the board, it shall not for that reason be counted as a failure. Immediately beyond the take-off line there shall be placed a board of plasticine or other suitable material for recording the athlete's footprint when he has foot-faulted. If it is not possible to install the above apparatus the following method should be adopted: immediately in front of the take-off line and across all the length of it over a width of 10 centimetres (4 in.) the ground shall be sprinkled with soft earth or sand, placed level (horizontal) with the take-off board.

RULE 174

2.-If competitor t?uches the ground beyond the take-off lme, or take-off hne extended, with any part of the running .up without jumping or in the act of Jumpmg, It shall be counted as a failure. 3.-All jumps should be measured from the nearest in the landing area made by any part of the body to the take-off line and at right angles to such hne. If m the course of landing the competitor touches the ground outside the landing area nearer to the takeoff than the nearest break in the landing area made by the jump, such jump shall not be measured but shall count as a failure. - . order t? ensure the correct measuring of any Jum!? It IS essentIal that the surface of the sand in the landmg area shQuld be accurately controlled so as to be level with the of the take-off board. An approved apparatus for thIS purpose is described in Rule 175. 5.-The landing area shall have a minimum width of 2 metres 75 centimetres (9 ft.). 6.-The distance between the take-off and the end of the landing area shall be at least 10 metres (32 ft 10 ins.) . 7.-The take-off board shall be not less than 1 metre (3 ft. 3 in.) from the edge of the landing area. (Also see Rule 171.) (For apparatus refer to Rule 203.) RULE 175 Triple Jump 1.-,!he take-off shall be marked by a board sunk level WIth the runway and the surface of the landing area and placed at least 11 metres (36 ft.) from the landing area, the edge of which nearer to the landing area shall be called take-off line. (For apparatus see Rule 203.) If a competItor takes off before reaching the board, it shall not for that reason be counted as a failure.

RULE 175

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125

124 2.-The hop shall be made so that the competitor shall first land upon the same foot with which he shall have taken off, in the step he shall land on the other foot, from which consequently the jump is performed. 3.-If the competitor while jumping touches the ground with the "sleeping" leg it shall be considered as a failure. 4.-ln all other respects the rules for the Running Long Jump shall apply. (Also see Rule 174.) CONTROL OF SAND LEVEL iN LONG AND TRIPLE JUMP

LANDING AREA

lOP OF SlOE WAll

SCRAPER 80ARD

TAKE OFF BOARD

SECTION V

THROWING EVENTS HAMMER, SHOT, DISCUS AND JAVELIN

RULE 181 General Rules

I.-The order in which the competitors take their trials shall be drawn by lot. (Also see Rule 143, para. 7.) 2.-Where there are more than eight competitors, each competitor shall be allowed three trials and the eight competitors with the best performances shall be allowed three additional trials. In the event of a tie for eighth place, any competitor so tying shall be allowed the three additional trials. Where there are eight competitors or fewer, each competitor shall be allowed six trials. (Also see Rule 142, para. 2.) 3.-ln all throwing events from a circle a competitor must commence the throw from a stationary position. 4.-ln all throwing events from a circle a competitor is allowed to touch the inside of the iron band or stop board. It shall be a foul throw and not allowed to count if the competitor, after he has stepped into the circle and commenced to make a throw, touches with any part of his body the top of the stop-board or circle or the ground outside, or improperly releases the shot, discus or hammer in making any attempt. Provided that if in the course of a trial the foregoing rules, and additionally Rule 185 (4) in the case of throwing the hammer, have not been infringed, a competitor may interrupt a trial once started, lay his implement down, return to a stationary position again and begin a fresh trial, provided that there shall not be more than one such interruption in each trial. (Also see Rule 209.) RULE 181

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126 5.-The competitor must not leave the circle until the implement has touched the ground, and he shall then, from a standing position, leave the circle from the rear half which shall be indicated by a chalk line drawn thr;ugh the centre and extended outside the circle, not less than 75 centimetres (30 in.) on each side. A competitor in the javelin throw shall not leave the delivery area until the javelin has touched the ground, and he shall then from a standing position, leave the delivery area behind the arc and the lines drawn from the extremes of the arc at right angles to the parallel lines which define the runway. In throwing the javelin, a foul throw or improperly releasing the implement in making an attempt shall be recorded as a throw, but shall not count. 6.-ln the case of the hammer and discus, for a valid throw the implement must fall so that the point of impact i; within the inner edges of lines marking a sector of 45° set out on the ground so that the radii lines cross at the centre of the circle. In putting the shot, for a valid put the shot must fall so that the point of impact is within the inner edges of lines marking a sector of approximately 65° set out on the ground so that the radii lines with -theiI--imlef-edges- the--eMremjties.-.oLthe-stop-1x>ar4 and cross at the centre of the circle. (Refer to Rule 210.) The ends of the lines marking all sectors should be marked with sector flags. (Also refer to Rule 211.) 7 -The measurement of each throw shall be made the nearest mark made by the fall of the discus, shot or head of the hammer or javelin to the inside of the circumference of the circle, or the arc in the case of the javelin, along a line from .the mark made by the implement to the centre of the crrcle or the centre of the radius of the arc. 8.-A distinctive flag or disc shall be provided. to mark the existing World Record and when appropnate

127 the existing national record in each throwing event. In the javelin, discus and hammer competitions a distinctive flag shall be provided also .to mark the throws of each competitor. 9. 8nly throwin-g-impWmentsprovtded-b-y-the--erg-anisers of th0 Mecting-may-be--used. Ne-:-oompetitor imple1O.-No device of any kind-e.g. the taping of two or more fingers together-which in any way assists a competitor when making a throw, shall be allowed. The use of tape on...the hand shall not be allowed except case the to cover an open cut. The use of tape . on the WrIst wIll be allowed only upon production of a certificate given by the official doctor for the meeting. 11.-ln all throwing events implements must be carried back to the starting line or circle and never thrown back. 12.-The maximum allowance for lateral inclination of the runways for throwing events shall be 1 : 100 and in the running direction 1 : 1,000, and that of the throwing field 1 : 1,000. (Also refer to Rule 142.) B.-In throwing the javelin, no mark shall be placed on the runway but competitors may place markssupplied by the Organising Committee-at the side of the runway. RULE 182 Javelin Throwing I.-The length of the runway shall be not more than 36·5 metres (120 ft.) but not less than 30 metres (98 ft. 6 in.) and shall be marked by two parallel lines 5 centimetres (2 in.) in width and 4 metres (13 ft. 1·5 in.) apart. The throw shall be made from behind an arc of a circle drawn with a radius of 8 metres (26 ft. 3 in.); such arc shall consist of a strip made of wood or metal 7 centimetres (2,75 in.) in width, painted white and sunk flush RULE 182

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128

LANOINO POINT

with the ground. Lines shall be drawn from the extremities of the arc at right .angles to the parallel lines marking the runway. These lines shall be 1Âˇ50 metres (5 ft.) in length and 7 centimetres (2'75 in.) in width. NOTE: It is recommended that the runway should be not less than j3'5 metres (110 ft.)

2.-The javelin must be held at the grip. 3.-No throw shall be valid in which the tip of the metal head does not strike the ground before any other part of the javelin, or when the competitor touches, with _ any part of his body or limbs, the strip or the lines drawn . from the extremities thereof at right angles to the parallel lines or the ground beyond those lines or the strip. The competitor may cross either of the parallel lines. At no time after preparing to throw, until the javelin has been discharged into the air, may the competitor turn completely around, so that his back is towards the throwing arc. The javelin shall be thrown over the shoulder or upper part of the throwing arm and must not be slung nor hurled. NOTE.-Non-orthodox styles are not permitted. 4.-All throws to be valid must fall within the inner edge of lines marking the sector set out on the ground by extending for a distance of 90 metres (295 ft. 3 in.), the lines from the centre (A) of the circle, of which the arc is a part, through the points (B) and (C) at which the arc joins the lines marking the runway. The ends of the radii lines should be marked with sector flags. (See diagram on page 125.) 5.-If the javelin breaks while in the air, it shall not count as a trial provided the throw was made in accordance with the rules. (For implement refer to Rule 204.)

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130 RULE 183 Throwing the Discus I.-The discus shall be thrown from a circle 2·50 metres (8 ft. 2·5 in.) in diameter. (For implement and apparatus refer to Rule 205 and Rule 208.) . RULE 184 Putting the Shot I.-The put shall be made from a circle 2·135 metres (7 ft.) in diameter. At the middle of the circumference in the front half of the circle a stop board shall be placed firmly fastened to the ground. 2.-The shot shall be put from the shoulder with one hand only. At the time the competitor takes a stance in the ring to c6mmence a put, the shot shall touch or be in close proximity to the chin and the hand shall not be dropped below this position during the action of putting. The shot must not be brought behind the line of the shoulders. 3.-All measurements shall be made immediately after each throw. (For implement and apparatus refer to Rule 206 and Rules 209,210,211 and 212.) RULE 185 Throwing the Hammer I.-All throws shall be made from a circle 2·135 metres (7 ft.) in diameter. 2.-When throwing the hammer, ordinary gloves for the protection of the hands are permitted. 3.-The competitor in his starting position prior to the preliminary swings or turns is allowed to put the head of the hammer on the ground outside the circle. 4.-It shall not be considered a foul throw if the head of the hammer touches the ground when the competitor makes the preliminary swings or turns; but if, after

RULES 183-185

havin& so touched the. he stops throwing so as to begm the throw agaIn, thIs shall count as a trial throw (For implement and apparatus refer to Rules 207 208· 209, 211 and 212.) , , 5.-.If !he hammer breaks during a throw or while in the aIr, It shall not count as a throw provided it was the rules. If the competitor made in accord.ance thereby loses his equillbnum and commits a foul it shall not count against him. ' SECTION VI

RULE 191 Walking

I.-Definition. Walking is progression by steps so that unbroken contact with the ground is maintamed. 2.-Judging. Judges of walking must be careful to observe that the advancing foot of the walker makes contact with the ground before the rear foot leaves the ground, and in particular that, during the period of each step in which a foot is on the ground the leg shall be straightened (Le., not bent at the knee) at least for one moment. 3.-Judging and Disqualifications. The appointed a Chief Judge. All the Judges of walki?g sh,!,ll shall act In an IndIVIdual capacity. When, in the oplnlon of (a) two of the Judges, one being the Chief Judge or (b) Judges other than the Chief Judge. ' a of progression fails to comply WIth the defini!lon any part of the competition, he shall be dls9ualified and informed of his disqualification by the Chief Judge. In a competition either directly RULE 191

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132

controlled by the LA.A.F. or taking place under permit, in no circumstances shall two Judges of the same nationality have the power to disqualify. 4.-Effect may be given to any such immediately after the conclusion of the If circumstances render impracticable an earlIer notice to the competitor of his disqualification. 5.-A competitor may be cautioned when by his mo.de of progression he is in danger of to WIth the definition of contact; but he IS not entitled t? a second caution. The decision to caution a shall be made under the same procedure as for dISqualification set out in paragraph 3. 6.-In track races a competitor who is disqualified must immediately leave the track, and in road disqualified competitor must, after hIS dISdisqualification, remove the dIstmgUIshmg number or numbers which he is wearing. NOTE.-It is recommended that a system of signalling "caution" by white flag and "disqualification" by red flag be used as far as possible during a walking race for the information of the officials, competitors and spectators. 7 -In all international races of more than 20 kilometres (or'12 miles), refreshments be provided by the organisers, and refreshJ:r:ent statIOns shall be arranged at 10 kilometres or 6 miles, and thereafter at 5 or kilometres or 3 miles. No refreshment may be taken by any competitor other tha? that or agreed by the organisers. A competItor may submIt to this, if them the type of refreshment desired must then be handed in to the Orgamsers at a tl1De and place specified by them. It be available at the stations nominated by the competitor. The shall be placed in such a. manner that they are easily accessible for the competItors or so that they may be put into the hands of the competitors. A competitor taking refreshments at a place other than the refresh-

133 ment points appointed by the organisers renders himself liable to disqualification. The Organisers may, at their discretion and to prevent general distress to competitors, supply additional sponging points after 20 kilometres or 12 miles where water only shall be. supplied. 8.-Each competitor must send with his entry for a race of 50 kilometres or 30 miles or over a medical certificate from a qualified doctor certifying his fitness to take part in the race. Each competitor shall be required to take a physical examination before the race by a qualified doctor who shall be appointed by the Organ_ isers. If the doctor considers it dangerous or inadvisable the competitor shall not be allowed to start or continue in the race. 9.-In the Olympic Games and in all major events the 50 kilometres walk shall be so arranged as to ensure that the first walker home finishes approximately at sunset in order that he may enjoy the best climatic conditions. lO..- F.or the Olympic Games and Area Championships, the CIrCUIt for the 20 kilometre event should be a maximumof 3,000 metres with a minimum of approximately 1,500 metres. 11.-The organisers of events held on roads must take care to ensure the safety of competitors. In the case of the Olympic Games, the organisers must give an assurance that the roads to be used for the competitions will be closed in both directions; i.e. not open to motorised traffic. RULE 192 International Walking Competition for the "Lugano" Trophy This competition will be conducted by a Sub-Committee appointed by the Walking Committee of the LA.A.F. in accordance with Rules approved by gress. RULE 192

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134

SECTION VII CoMBINED CoMPETITIONS

RULE 195 Pentathlon and Decathlon MEN I.-The Pentathlon consists of events whic? shall be held in the following order: long Jump; thrOWIng !he javelin; 200 metres; throwing the discus; and 1,)00 metres. 2.-The Decathlon consists of ten events w.hich shall be held on two consecutive days in the First day -100 metres; running long Jump, puttmg the shot; running high jump and 400 metres. Second day-11O metres hurdles; .throwing. the. discus; pole vault; throwmg the Javelm; and 1,500 metres. WOMEN 3.-The Pentathlon for women consists of five events 11, which shall be held either on one day or on two con- n secutive days in the following order:.. . First day -100 metres hurdles; puttmg the shot; high jump. Second day-long jump; 200 metres. GENERAL f 4.-At the discretion of the Referee, there sha.ll be,{,\ whenever possible, an interval of at least 30 mm\ltes between the time one event ends and the next event begms. 5.-The order of competing shall be drawn before each separate event. In the 100 metres, 200 metres, 400 metres, 100 metres hurdles and 110 metres hurdles events, the competitors shall be drawn by lot in groups by the referee so

RULE 195

that preferably three or more competitors. and never less than two, are in each group. In the 200 metres in the pentathlon, one group should consist of those competitors occupying the leading positions at the end of four events. In the 1,500 metres each group should consist of five or more. competitors, one group consisting of the leading competitors at the end of the 9th event. The referee shall have power to rearrange any group if in his opinion it is desirable. 6.-The LA.A.F. rules for each event constituting the competition will apply with the following exceptions: (a) In the long jump and each of the throwing events, each competitor shall be allowed three trials only. (b) Each competitor's time shall be timed by 3 timekeepers independently. If for any reason only two register times, and these two disagree, the longer time of the two shall be adopted as official. Alternatively times may be recorded by an approved electrical device (see Rule 119). (c) In the running trials and the hurdles a competitor shall be disqualified in any event in which he has made three false starts. 7.-The scores separately and combined should be announced to the competitors after the completion of each event. 8.-,The winner shall be the competitor who has obtained the highest number of points in the five or ten events, as the case may be, awarded on the basis of the I.A.A.F. Scoring Table. 9.-In the event of a tie, the winner shall be the competitor who has received the higher pO,ints in a majority of events. If this does not resolve the tie, the winner shall be the competitor who has the highest number of points in anyone of the events. This procedure shall apply to ties for any place in the competition.

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137

lO.-Any athlete failing to start or make a trial in one of the five events of the Pentathlon or in one of the ten events of the Decathlon shall not be allowed to take part in the following event but shall be considered to have abandoned the competition. He shall not therefore figure in the final classification. SECTION V/ll SPECIFICATIONS FOR OFFICIAL IMPLEMENTS AND ApPARATUS

All measurements of technical equipment are expressed in metric terms, the equivalent shown in feet and inches etc., being approximate and for information only. RULE 201 J uroping and Vaulting Standards I.-General (a) Uprights. Any style or kind of uprights or posts may be used, provided they are rigid. (b) Cross-bar. The cross-bar shall be of wood, metal or other suitable material, triangular or circular in section. So as to avoid dangerously sharp edges, a triangular bar may be so formed that the edges are slightly rounded and it may be deemed to satisfy the requirement as to measurement if it passes with only a small tolerance through a triangular cut-out of the specified dimensions. Each side of the triangular bar shall measure 30 millimetres 01 in.) and the diameter of the circular bar at least 25 millinletres (1 in.) but not more than 30 millimetres 01 in.). The ends of the circular bar shall be constructed in such a way that a flat surface of 30 X 150 millimetres (1 in. X 6 in.) is obtained for the purpose of placing the bar on the supports on the uprights.

RULE 201

the cross-bar may be split in the middle and Jomed WIth a metal clip about 300 mm. (I ft.) long). (c) The drawings illustrate ways of constructing the supports for the cross-bar in accordance with the folloWIng rules.

2.-High Jump (a) Uprights. The uprights should be sufficiently tall so as to the maximum height to which the crossbar can ?e raIsed by at least 10 centimetres (4 in.). The dIstance between the uprights shall be not less !han metres (12 ft.) or more than 4Âˇ02 metres (13 ft. 2 4 m.). (b) Cross-bar. The cross-bar shall be between 3.64 (11 ft. .11 ! in.) and 4 metres (13 ft. I:! in.). The maxImum weIght of the cross-bar shall be 2 kilogrammes (4 lb. 61 oz.). (c) Supports for cross-bar. The supports for the crossb,:r shall be rectangular, 40 miJlimetres (It in.) wIde and 60 millImetres (2! in.) long. They shall each face the opposite upright and the ends of the cross-bar shall rest on them in such a manner that if it is touched by a competitor it will easily fall to the ground, either forwards or backwards. 1 \d) There shall be a space of at least 10 millimetres (2 m.) between the ends of the cross-bar and the uprights.

(e) The landing area should measure not less thanÂˇ 5 .metres (16 ft. 4 in.) long by 4 metres (13 ft. It in.) W1 d e.

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139

138 ':!:!

(b) Cross-bar. The shall be between 3·86 metres (12 ft. 8 in.) and 4·52 metres (14 ft. 10 in.) in shall be length. The maximum weight for the 2·26 kg. (5 lb.).

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3.-Pole Vault (a) Uprights. Except wh.ere extension arms are used the distance between the upnghts shall be not less than metres (12 ft.) or more than 4·32 metres (14 ft. 2 Ill.) wide.

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(c) Supports for cross-bar. Pegs shall be used to support the cross:bar and shall be without notches or indentations of any kind, of uniform thickness throughout and not more than 13 millimetres (t in.) diameter. They must not extend more than 75 millimetres (3 in.) from the uprights, and the cross-bar shall rest on them so that if it is touched by a competitor or his pole it will fall easily to the ground in the direction of the landing area. NOTE.-To lessen the chance ofinjury ofa competitor by his falling on the feet of the uprights, as an alternative to the above, the pegs supporting the cross-bar may be placed upon extension arms permanently attached to the uprights, thus allowing the uprights to be placed wider apart, without increasing the length ofthe cross-bar. (See diagram) (d) The landing area should measure not less than 5 x 5 metres (16 ft. 4 in.).

(e) Box. This shall be constructed either of wood or metal and shall be 1 metre (3 ft. 31" in.) in length, measured along the inside of the bottom of the box [existing boxes with a measurement of 1 metre (3 ft. 31" in.) at ground level will continue to be acceptable], 600 millimetres (1 ft. 111 in.) in width at the front end and tapering to 150 millimetres (6 in.) in width at the bottom of the stopboard. The length of the box at ground level and the depth of the stopboard will depend upon the angle formed between the base and stopboard which shall be 105°. The base of the box shall slope from ground level at the front end to a vertical distance below ground level of 200 millimetres (71 in.) at the point where it meets the stopboard. The box should be constructed in such a manner that the sides slope outwards and

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141

end next to the stopboard at an angle of approximately 120°. If the box is constructed of wood the bottom shall be lined with 2·5 millimetres (0'1 in.) sheet iron or metal for a distance of 800 millimetres (2 ft. 7i in.) from the front of the box. The diagram below gives measurements of a box constructed with an angle of 105° between the base and the stopboard.

RULE 202 Vaulting Pole

The pole may be of any material or combination of materials and of any length or diameter, but the basic surface of the metal, where metal is used, must be smooth. The pole may have a binding only of not more than two layers of adhesive tape of uniform thickness. This restriction does not however apply to binding the bottom end of the pole with protective layers of tape, for a distance of about 30 centimetres (l ft.), _ to reduce the risk of damaging the pole when striking the back of the box. RULE 203 Take-off Board LONG JUMP AND TRIPLE JUMP

j800mm

6 00 mm +----1--

I.-Construction. The take-off board shall be made of wood and shall measure 1·22 metres (4 ft.) long, 200 millimetres (8 in.) wide and 100 millimetres (4 in.) deep. On the side nearer to the landing area should be fixed a horizontal shelf 1·22 metres (4 ft.) long; 100 millimetres (4 in.) wide; the top of which should be 38 millimetres (l tin.) below the surface of the take-off board. This shelf should have a ledge, of the following approximate measurements, along the edge next to the landing area, 38 millimetres (1'5 in.) high and 25 millimetres (1 in.) wide, thus forming a recess 38 millimetres (1'5 in.) deep, 1·22 metres (4 ft.) long, and 100 millimetres (4 in.) wide, immediately beyond the take-off board on which to place a board 25 millimetres (1' in.) thick as required; with a layer of plasticine or other suitable material 13 millimetres (0'5 in.) thick placed level (horizontal) with the take-off board. The layer of plasticine can be smoothed off by means of a roller or suitably RULES 202-203

-------

----

-----

---

----------

142

143

shaped scraper for the purpose of removing the footprints of the competitors. (Also see Rule 174, para. 1.) RUN UP ----------7

f' - I

10 CM

PLASTICINE /INOrCATOR . .,c---- -----2 OCM--------i-:<------IOCM-,'-)i _ " . 1.3 CM ,

f-'- '- - - - - - - - - - 1

1<'----:

.. :l: ..

\',/

_L-.'-"-'-------'-_-'----_-"--------'------J

BRACKET

I 10CM SCALE

2.-The take-off board shall be painted white. NOTE.-It will be found very helpful to have a spare plasticine board available, so that while the footprint is being eliminated the competitors are not delayed. RULE 204 Javelin

I.-Construction. The javelin shall consist of three parts: a metal head, a shaft, and a cord grip. The shaft may be constructed of either wood or metal and it shall have fixed to it a metal head terminating in a sharp point. 2.-1t shall conform to the following specifications. Weight inclusive of cord grip Men Women Minimum 800 grammes 600 grammes (lIb. 12Âˇ218 oz.) (lIb. 5Âˇ163 oz.)

RULE 204

Overall length Minimum

Men

Women

260 centimetres 220 centimetres (8 ft. 61 in.) (7 ft. 2t in.) Maximum 270 centimetres 230 centimetres (8 ft. 1O! in.) (7 ft. 6t in.) Length of metal head Minimum 25 centimetres 25 centimetres (91 in.) (91 in.) Maximum ... 33 centimetres 33 centimetres (13 in.) (l3 in.) Weight of metal head ... 80 grammes 80 grammes (2,822 oz.) ... (2'822 oz.) DiftlfTlce from tip ofmeta! head to centre ofgravity MmmlUm 90 centnnetres 80 centimetres (2 ft. 7t in.) (2 ft. lIt in.) Maximum 110 centimetres 95 centimetres (3 ft. 71 in.) (3 ft. It in.) Diameter ofshaft at thickest point Minimum '" 25 millimetres 20 millimetres (1 in.) (1 in.) Maximum '" 30 millimetres 25 millimetres (lt in.) (1 in.) Width of cord grip Minimum ... 15 centimetres 14 centimetres (6 in.) (5t in.) Maximum 16 centimetres 15 centimetres (6! in.) (6 in.) .3.-The cord shall be about the centre of gravity Without thongs, notches or indentations of any kind on the shaft, and shall not exceed the circumference of the shaft by more than 25 millimetres (1 in.). The binding ' shall be of uniform thickness. 4.-The cross-section shall be regularly circular throughout and the maximum diameter thereof shall be under the grip. From the grip the javelin shall taper

145

144

gradually to the tip of the metal head and the rear tip. The line from the end of the grip to the tip of the metal head may be straight or slightly curved but the curve must be gradual and there must be no abrupt alteration in the diameter of the section throughout the length of the javelin. 5.-The javelin shall have no mobile parts or other apparatus which during the throw could change its centre of gravity or throwing characteristics. 6.-The tapering of the shaft from the maximum diameter to the tip of the metal head or to the rear tip shall be such that the diameter at the midpoint between the end of the cord grip and either tip shall not exceed 90 per cent of the maximum diameter of the shaft and that at the point of 15 centimetres (6 in.) from either of the maximum diameter. (See diagram.) tip 80 per LI E

E 0 1:>

'":"

Q I

-0

'" ."

900 -IIOOml\

E E

0 .--. ...,

.;,

min 250 max 330.

----.I

LÂˇ 2600mrn- 2700mm.

--.-I

NOTE.-In reducing the large scale drawing to dimensions suitable for inclusion in the handbook it has been made to appear that the point at which the tapered shaft must not exceed 80 per cent of the maximum diameter coincides with the commencement of the metal head.

This is not so as this diameter is the maximum permitted (ISO mm.) from the point of the metal head and there is no relation to the actual le.ngth of the head. RULE 205 Discos

I.-Construction. The body of the discus shall be made of wood or other suitable material with metal plates set flush into the sides and shall have, in the exact centre of the circle framed by the metal rim, a means of securing the correct weight. 2.-It shall conform to the following specifications:

Weight Minimum

Men 2 kilogrammes (4 lb. 6Âˇ547 oz.)

Women 1 kilogramme (2 lb. 3 Âˇ274 oz.)

Outer diameter ofmetal rim Minimum 219 millimetres (8t in.) Maximum 221 millimetres (8! in.)

(71 in.)

Diameter ofmetal plates Minimum .. . 50 millimetres (2 in.) Maximum 57 millimetres (21 in.)

50 millimetres (2 in.) 57 millimetres (21 in.)

Thickness at centre Minimum 44 millimetres (I! in.) Maximum 46 millimetres (li in.)

37 millimetres (It in.) 39 millimetres (It in.)

180 millimetres (71 in.)

182 millimetres

RULE 205

- - -

-------- - - -

- - -

146

147

Men Women Thickness of the rim at a distance of 6 millimetres (1 in.) from the edge . . . Minimum ... 12 millunetres 12 mIllunetres (l in.) ... (l in.) . The edge of the metal rim shall be rounded III a true circle. 3.-Each side of the discus shall be identical and shall be made without indentations, projecting or sharp The sides shall taper in a straight line from the be gmnin17 of the curve of the rim to a circle a distance of 25 millimetres (1 in.) from the of the d!scus. The thickness at 25 millImetres (1 Ill.) from the centre of the discus shall be exactly the same as at the centre.

...max, 57 50

Women: 120-182

All measurements in millimetres

Discus

RULE 206 Shot I.-Construction. The shot shall be of solid iron, brass or any metal not softer than brass, o.r a shell of such metal filled with lead or other matenal. It must be spherical in shape and the surface must be smooth.

RULE 206

Weight Minimum Diameter Minimum Maximum

,Men

Women

7Âˇ257 kilogrammes (16 lb.)

4 kilogrammes (8 lb. 13 oz.)

110 millimetres

95 millimetres (31 in.) 110 millimetres (4i in.)

(4i in.)

130 millimetres (5t in.)

RULE 207 Hammer

.. '

Men: 219-221

2.-It shall conform to the following specifications:

Construction I.-Head. The head shall be of solid iron or other metal not softer than brass, or a shell of such metal, filled with lead or other solid material. It must be completely spherical in shape. If a filling is used this must be inserted in such a manner that it is immovable and that the centre of gravity shall be not more than 6 millimetres (0,25 in.) from the centre of the sphere. 2.-Handle. The handle shall be of single unbroken and straight length of spring steel wire not less than 3 millimetres (0'118 in.) or No. 11 Standard Wire Gauge (0,116 in.) in diameter, and shall be such that it cannot stretch appreciably while the hammer is being thrown. The handle may be looped at one or both ends as a means of attachment. For example of approved hammer handle see diagram 3.-Grip. The grip may be either of single or double loop construction, but must be rigid and without hingeing joints of any kind, and so made that it cannot RULE 207

- - -

---

148

stretch appreciably while being thrown. It must be attached to the handle in such a manner that it cannot be turned within the loop of the handle to increase the overall length of the hammer.

149 SUGGESTED CONSTRUCfION OF ApPARATUS FOR TESTING CENTRE OF GRAVITY OF HAMMER

4.-Connection. The handle shall be connected to the head by means of a swivel which may be either plain or ball bearing. The grip shall be connected to the handle by means of a loop. A swivel may not be used.

KNIFE EDGE

RIM

5.-The hammer shall conform to the following specifications: Weight of hammer complete as thrown Minimum ... 7·257 kilogrammes (16 lb.) Length of hammer complete as thrown measured from the inside of the grip Minimum 117·5 centimetres (3 ft. 101 in.) Maximum 121·5 centimetres (3 ft. 111 in.) Diameter of head Minimum 102 millimetres (4 in.) 120 millimetres (41 in.) Maximum Centre of Gravity of Head Not more than 6 millimetres (0'25 in.) from the centre of the sphere. e.g.-It must be possible to balance the head, less handle and grip, on a horizontal sharp-edged circular orifice 12 millimetres (0'5 in.) in diameter. (See diagram.)

1----110.,...'

10S",/", 5-5..."... OlA.

HIGH

.,,"'/'"

EXAMPLE OF ApPROVED HAMMER HANDLE

RULE 208 Hammer or Discus Throwing Cage

I.-All hammer and discus throws shall be made from an enclosure or cage to ensure the safety of spectators officials, and competitors. ' RULE 208

150 2.-The cage should be C-shaped in plan, the diameter being 7 metres (22 ft. lIt in.) with the opening through which the throw is made 6 metres (19 ft. 8i in.) wide. The height should not be less than 3·35 metres (11 ft.) but preferably should be at least 4 metres (13 ft. It in.).

151 SUGGESTED CONSTRUCTION FOR HAMMER OR DISCUS CAGE

3.-Cages made to the following specifications are in use and have been found satisfactory.

Framework.-A wire cable, or a series of metal struts, is suspended at a height of not less than 3·35 metres (11 ft.) and preferably 4 metres (13 ft. It in.) above the ground in the shape of a letter C. The radius of the C is 3·5 metres (11 ft. 6 in.) with the open end 6 metres (19 ft. 8t in.) wide. 1;'he cable, or series of struts, is supported in a horizontal plane by eight metal supports made in the shape of gallows, so that the C shape is formed by seven straight panels, each 2·74 metres (9 ft.) wide.

1 I

Iil

-0

Netting.-A net 19·2 metres (63 ft.) long and 0·3 metres (1 ft.) wider than the height of the struts, made of cord 12·5 millimetres (0·5 in.) in circumference with 50 millimetres (2 in.) meshes, is suspended from the wire cable or series of metal struts. The lower edge of the net resting on the ground turns inwards towards the centre of the C, and to it are attached at regular intervals sandbags each weighing approximately 13·5 kilogrammes (30 lb.). Erection.-The eight metal supports are set into the ground either with spikes or permanent sockets. The sockets should be sunk to a depth of approximately 30 centimetres (1 ft.) and provided with covers for use when the supports are removed. The supports and suspended net are kept in position by wire ropes attached to ground spikes.

I :

, "ij ,

, "

oot

r:--

<'1--

_ -}

<'I

153

152 ALTERNATIVE HAMMER OR DISCUS CAGE WITH MOYABLE FLAPS

I \

\ l/l

RULE 209 Circles I.-Construction. Circles shall be made of band iron or steel, the top of which shall be flush wtih the ground outside. The earth or clay in the circles shall be packed hard, firm and level and 2 centimetres (0'75 in.) (tolerance 6 millimetres (0'25 in.) plus or minus) lower than the outside of the circle. The interior of the circles for shot putting, discus throwing and hammer throwing may be constructed of concrete or a similar material.

"- ....

/ '/

«..J

./ :r- - .;,.j ,:r __.·-.. . .

'<t

- ....JV

.... /

2.-Measurements. The circle shall measure: Discus throwing 2·50 metres (8 ft. 2·5 in.) inside diameter. Hammer throwing or 2·135 metres (7 ft.) inside dia· shot putting meter. The metal circle shall be 6 millimetres (0'25 in.) in RULE 209

155

154

thickness and 76 millimetres (3 in.) in height sunk flush with the ground outside. 3.-The circle shall be painted white. RULE 210 Stop Board (putting the Shot) I.-Construction. The board shall be made of wood in the shape of an arc so that the inner edge coincides with the inner edge of the circle, also so made that it can be firmly fixed to the ground. 2.-Measurements. The board shall measure 1·22 metres (4 ft.) long on the inside, 114 millimetres (4,5 in.) wide and lOO millimetres (4 in.) high in relation to the level of the inside of the circle and 80 millimetres (31 in.) in relation to the level of the ground outside the circle. 3.-Finish. The board shall be painted white.

RULE 211 Sectors for Throws from Circles and Arcs The sector within which all throws must fall, shall be clearly marked on the ground with lines 5 centimetres (2 in.) wide, the inner edges of which shall form the sector lines, the radii lines crossing at the centre of the circles. The outer ends of the radii lines should be marked with sector flags. RULE 212 Sector Flag The sector flag should be entirely

I.-Construction. of metal. 2.-Measurements. The flag should be rectangular in shape, measuring about 20 X 40 centimetres (8 X 16 in.) with the standard 8 millimetres (-& in.) in diameter and not less than 60 centimetres (or 2 ft.) in length, above the ground. RULE 213

50 mjm

2 135 r-4

RULE 210

Hurdles I.-Construction. The hurdles shall be made of metal with the top bar of wood and shall consist of two bases and two uprights supporting a rectangular frame reinforced by one or more cross-bars, the uprights to be fixed at the extreme end of each base. The hurdle shall be of such a design that a force of at least 3·6 kilogrammes (8 lb.) applied to the centre of the top edge of the crossbar is required to overturn it. The hurdle may be adjustable in height for each event. The counterweights must be adjustable so that at each height a force of at least 3·6 kilogrammes (8 lb.) and not more than 4 kilogrammes (8 lb. 13 oz.) is required to overturn it. . 2.-Measurements. The standard heights of the hurdles shall be: RULES 211-2-3

._------

_ .. _ - - - _ . __

157

156

Women 100 metres 200 metres

84·0 centimetres (2 ft. 9 in.). 76'2 centimetres (2 ft. 6 in.).

110 metres 120 yards 1·067 metres (3 ft. 6 in.). 200 metres 220 yards 76·2 centimetres (2 ft. 6 in.). 400 metres 440 yards 91·4 centimetres (3 ft. 0 in.). The extreme width shall be 1·20 metres (3 ft. 11 in.). The extreme length of the base shall be 70 centimetres (2 ft. 3·5 in.). The total weight of the hurdles shall be not less than 10 kilogrammes (22 lb. 0·75 oz.). NOTE.-In each case there shall be a tolerance allowance of 3 millimetres (0'125 in.) above and below the standard heights, to allow for variation in the manufacture. (Also see Rule 163.;). 3.-The width of the top bar shall be 70 millimetres (2'75 in.). The thickness of this bar should be between 10 and 25 millimetres. The bar should be firmly fixed at the extremities.

4.-E)nish. The top bar should be striped in black and white in such a manner that the white stripes appear at the end of each hurdle and that they shall be at least 225 millimetres (9 in.) in width. The hurdle shall be so placed on the track that the feet of the hurdles shall be on the side of the approach by the competitor. 5.-Testing. To check the resisting force of hurdles a simple spring-balance should be used by the application of a pulling force to the centre of the cross-bar. Alternatively use a cord with a hook, applied to the centre of the take the cord along over a pulley fixed convemently and load the other end of the cord with weights. RULE 214 Relay Baton Construction.-The baton shall be a smooth hollow tube in of wood or metal or of any other ngId matenal m one pIece, the length of which shall be not more than 30 centimetres (1 ft.) and not less than 28 centimetres (11 in.). The circumference shall be 120 millimetres (4'75 in.) and it shall not weigh less than 50 grammes (1£ oz.).

RULE 215 Starting Blocks I.-The purpose of starting blocks is to expedite the carrying through of programmes and to protect the tracks.

01 P.ECTION OF I\UNNINO

ADJUSTA&LE WEICHT

(2FT

2.-They must be constructed entirely of rigid materials. 3.-They may be adjustable, but must be made without springs or other devices whereby the athlete can obtain any artificial assistance.

EXAMPLE OF APPROVED HURDLE

RULES 214-5

15:)

159

4.-They should be so made as to be and quickly placed into position and removed without any damage to the track. 5.-They may be used only in races not 880 yards and in relay races only by those competmg over the first stage provided that stage does not 880 yards. A similar restriction applies to the makmg of 11/ starting holes. (See also Rule 162 para. 9.) ,..,ff

DIVISION IV RULE 381

EVENTS FOR WHICH WORLD RE'CORDS ARE RECOGNISED MEN

Running RULE 216 Finish Posts The finish posts shall be of rigid construction of about 1·37 metres (4 ft. 6 in.) in height, 8 centimetres (3 in.) in width and 2 centimetres (0,75 in.) in thickness.

100 yards 220 •• 440 •• 880 , 1 mile

2 miles

10 15

·• .• ·• .•

100 metres 2.000 metres 200 • • 3.000 • • 400 5.000 , , 800 , 10.000 , , 1.000 , , 20.000 , 1.500 • • 25.000 , 30.000 ,

·.

. ·.

1 hour so....,... CHA L K

Steeplechase 3.000 metres

N-=E,-,-_-;

z z o_ -:z too

-,--' r--

Hurdles 120 yards 110 metres

1<;

220 440

'I---I-j ],37>.1

200 400

Relays 4 x 110 yards 4x

4 x 220 , , 4x440 4 x 880 • , 4 x 1 mile It

100 metres

4 x 200 4x 400 4 x 800 4 x 1,500

•• .,

Walking

20 miles 30

RULE 216

20,000 metres 30,000 • , 50,000 • ,

2 hours

RULE 381

....

0'\

8°000

x x x X

:::.:

'<: Ilo>

('b

0000

C/'J

'<:

Ilo>

a C/'J

= 8

x x x X

....

8888

C/'J

OFFICIAL LIST OF WORLD TRACK AND FIELD RECORDS

(Recognised by the I.A.A.F. as at the 31st December, 1970) Event

Record

Holder

Country

Date

Place

MEN RUNNING 100 Yllrds

9'1 s

100 metres

9·9 s

200 metres (straight)... 220 yards (straight) 200 metres (turn) 220 yards {turn)......... 400 metres 440 yllrds 800 metres

19'5 s. .. 19·5 s. .. 19·8s 20·0 s. .. 43'8 s. .. 44·7 s. .. Im. 44·3 s.

880 yards 1,000 metres

Im. 44·9 s. 2m. 16·2 s.

1,500 metres 1 mile 2,000 metres 3,000 metres

3 m. 33·1 s. 3 m. 5Jo1 s. 4 m. 56·2 s. 7 m. 39;6 s.

.. BobHayes Harry Jerome Jim Hines Charlie Greene John Carlos .. Jim Hines Ronnie Ray Smith Charlie Greene Jim Hines .. Tomrnie Smith .. Tomrnie Smith . Tommie Smith . Tommie Smith .. Lee Evans . Curtis Mills Peter Snell , Ralph Doubell JimRyun Jiirgen May Franz-JosefKemper JimRyun JimRyun Michel Jazy KipchogeKeino

.. . . .. . .. . .. . . . . .. . .. . . .. .. . .. .. . ..

D.S.A Canada D.S.A.

. 21. 6.63 15. 7.66 13. 5.67 15. 6.67 10.5.69 20. 6.68 20. 6.68 20. 6.68 14.10.68 7.5.66 7.5.66 16.10.68 11. 6.66 18.10.68 21. 6.69 .. ::: 3. 2.62 Australia . 15.10.68 D.S.A . 10. 6.66 G.D.R .. 20. 7.65 Germany . 21. 9.66 D.S.A .. 8.7.67 23. 6.67 France ::::::::: 12.10.66 Kenya . 27.8.65

St. Louis, Mo. Edmonton, Alb. Houston, Texas Provo, Dtah Fresno, Calif. Sacramento, Calil'. City San Jose, Calif. City Sacramento, CaliC. Mexico City Knoxville, Tenn. Christchurch, N.Z. Mexico City Terre Haute, Ind. Erfurt. G.D.R. Hannover Los Angeles Bakersfield, Calif. St. Maur les Fosses Hlllsingborg, Sweden

.... ....

0'\

Event 2 miles 3 miles 5,000 metres 6 miles 10,000 metres 10 miles 20,000 metres 1 Hour 15 miles 25,000 metres 30,000 metres

Holder

Record .. 8 m. 19·6s 12111.50'4 s . 13 m. 16·6 s . 26m.47·0s .. 27m. 39·4s . 46 m. 44·0 s . 58m.06·2s .. 20,664metres .. (121111. 1,478 yd.) .. 1 hI'. 12 m. 48·2 s .. . I hr. 15 m. 22·6 s . . 1 hr. 31 m. 30'4 s ..

. . . .. . .. .. ..

Country

Ron Clarke RonClarke Ron Clarke RonClarke Ron Clarke Ron Hill Gaston Roelants Gaston Roelants

Australia

24. 8.68 5.7.66 5.7.66 14. 7.65 " .. 14. 7.65 G.B. & N.I. . 9.11.68 Belgium . 28.10.66 .. 28.10.66 .. .. .

Ron Hill Ron Hill Jim Alder

Place

Date

London Stockholm Oslo Le'icester Leuven

G.B. & N.I....

2l. 7.65 21. 7.65 5. 9.70

Bolton

U.S.A. National Tcam U.S.A. ......... (C. Greene, M. Pendcr, R. Smith, J. Hines) .. Univ. of California (E. McCulloch, F. Kuller, O. J. Simpson, L. Miller) TexasA. &M. Univ .. (1. D. Rogers, H. Woods, M. Mills, C. Mills)

2U.IU.6l!

Mcxk:o City

17. 6.67

Provo, Utah

24. 4.70

Des Moines, Iowa

20.10.68

Mexico City

13. 8.66

Kingston

RELAYS 4,·, 100 metres

3l}'2 s.

4 x 110 yards............ 38'0 s. 4 x 200 metres ......... and 1111. 21. 7 s. .. 4 x 220 yards

U.S.A. National Team ...... (V. Matthews, R. Freeman, L. James, L. Evans) . Trinidad & Tobago Nation- Trinidad . al Team (L. Yearwood, K. Bernard, E. Roberts, W. Mottley)

4 x 400 metres ......... 2m. 56·1 s. 4 x 440 yards............ 3 m. 2·8 s

. I.

Record

Event 4 x 800 metres

7111.08·6 s.

4 x 880 yards............ 7111. 11·6 s. 4 x 1,500 metres......... 14 m. 49·Os 4 >.

mile

16 m.

Holder

Country

German National Team . (M. Kinder, W. Adams, D. Bogatzki, F. J. Kemper) Kenya National Team . (N. Bon, H. Nyamau, T. Saisi, R. Ouko) .. . Equipe de France (G. Vervoort, C. Nicolas, M. Jazy, J. VVadoux) . University of Oregon .. (A. San Romani, V. Reeve, K. Forman, D. Burleson)

Place

Date

Germany

13. 8.66

Kenya

5. 9.70

France

25. 6.65

SI. Maul' des Fosses

U.S.A.

12. 5.62

Fresno, CaliL

7. 7.59 21.8.60 10.1.67 19. 6.69 7. 7.59 21. 8.60 16.7.67 2.4.60 2.4.60 7. 7.59 20. 8.60 14.10.68 20. 6.70 4.7.70

Ziirich Bern", Minneapo]is Knoxville, Tenn. Zurich Berne Minneapolis Baton Rouge, 1..<1. ZJ;ich Berne Mexico City Des Moines, Iowa Berlin, Germany

4. 7.70 15. 7.59

Erfurt Leningrad

Londqn

HURDLES IlO yards

13·2 s. ..

110 metres

13·2 s.

200 metres (straight) 220 yards (straight) 200 metres (bend)

21·9 s. 2Hl s. 22'5 s.

400 metres............... 48·1 s. .. 440 yards 48·8 s. .. Steeplechase 8 m. 22·0 s. ..

.. Martin Laucr Le", Calhollll Earl McCullollch Ervin Hall Martin Lauer Lee Calhoun Earl McCullouch Don Styron DonStyron Martin Lauer Glenn Davis .. David Hemery . Ralph Mann . Kerry O'Erien

. . . . .. . . .. .. .. . .. ..

Germany U.S.A

Ge;;nany U.S.A.

Peter Frenkel Anatoliy Yegorov

Ge;inany'::::: : U.S.A .. G.B. &N.I. . U.S.A .. Australia .

WALKING 20,000 metres............ I h. 25 m. 50·0 s 2 hours 26,429 metres (I6mls. 743 yds.)

G.D.R

1 U.S.S.R.

"'1

......

0'\

Event 30.000 metres 20 miles 30 miles 50,000 metres

Country

Holder

Record 2h.17m.16·8s 2 h. 31 m. 33·0 s. 4 h. 0 m. 06·4 s....... 4 h. 8111.05'0 s.......

AnatoliyYegorov Anatoliy Vedjakov Christoph Hohne Christoph Hohne

Place

Date

. V.S.S.R. ...... .. .. G.D.R.... :::::: .. .........

15. 7.59 18.10.69

Leningrad Moscow Berlin

JUMPING . 2·28111 (7 ft. in.) .. 5·50m (18 ft. 0t in.) .. 8·90 m (29 ft. in.) . 17·39111 (57 ft. Ot in.)

High Jump Pole Vault Long Jump Triple J umjJ

.. Valcriy Bwmel .. Christos Papanicolaou

V.S.S.R. ", ..Greece

. Bob Beamon .. .. Vktor Suncycv.........

21. 7.63 . 24.10.70

V.S.A

18.10.68

U.S.S.R

17.10.68

Moscow Athens Mexico Cily

THROWING Sllol.

.. 21·78 m (71 ft. 5 in.) . 68·40m (224 ft. 5 in.) . 74·68 m (245 ft. 0 in.) . 92·70m (304 ft. 1 in.)

Disclls Hammer Javelin

.. Randy Matson.................. V.S.A.

22.4.67

Collegc Station, Texas

. Jay Silvester

18. 9.68

Reno, Nevada

. Anatoliy Bondarchuk ......... V.S.S.R. ......

20. 9.69

Athcns

. Jorma Kinnunen............... Finland.........

18. 6.69

Ta111pere

DECATHLON

8.417 points ......... WiIliam Toomey ...... ......... U.S.A. 10/11.12.69 Los Angeles 10·3 s., 7'76 m .• 14'38111., 1·93m., 47·1 s., 14·3 s.; 4 ·49111.,4'27111., 5·74 m., 4111.39·4 s.

____E_v_e_n_t

R_e_c_o_r_d_ _

1__C __ Ol_lll_t_r_y__ I__D_at_e_+

H_o_ld_e_r

p_la_c_e

WOMEN RUNNING 60 metres............... 7·2 s

.. . .. .. ..

.. Betty Cuthbert Trina Bochkaryova Marlene Willard Wyomia Tyus Wyomia Tyus Wyomia Tyus ChiCheng Renate Meissner .. ChiCheng .. Margaret Burvill .. Marilyn Neufville .. Judith Amoore .. Vera Nikolic . Dixie Willis . Judy Pollock .. JaroslavaJehlicova

1 mile..................... 4 m. 36·8 s.

Maria Gonmlers

100 yards

10'3 s.

100 metres

11'0 s.

200 metres 220 yards 400 metres 440 yards 800 metres 880 yards

22·4 s. . 22'9 s. .. 51·0 s. .. 52·4 s. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . 2 m. 00· 5 s. . 2 m. 02·0 s. .. 2m.02·Os 1,500 meU'es 4 m. 10'7 s. .

. .. .. .. .. . .. .. . . .. . . .. . ..

Australia ...... 27. 2.60 V.S.S.R. 28.8.60 Australia .. 20. 3.58 V.S.A .. 17. 7.65 8.6.68 15.10.68 Taiwan ::::::::: 18. 7.70 G.D.R .. 2.8.70 Taiwan . 12.7.70 Australia . 22. 2.64 Jamaica .. 23. 7.70 Australia .. 27. 2.65 Yugoslavia . 20.7.68 Australia .. 3.3.62 5.7.67 20. 9.69 ia Netherlands . 14. 6.69

Sydney Moscow liydney Kingston, Jamaica Dayton, Ohio Mexico City Siidstadt, Austria Berlin Munich Perth Edinburgh Perth London Perth Stockholm Athens Leicester, England.

RELAYS 4 x 100 m.

42'8 s.

4x 110 yards

45·0s.

4 x 200 m

11 m. 33'8 s. .

V.S.A. National Team ...... V.S.A. ......... 20.10.68 (B. Ferrell. M. Bailes, M. Netter, W. Tyus) G.B. & N.!. National Team G.B. & N.!.... 14. 9.68 (A. Neil, M. Tranter, J. Simpson, L. Board) . G.B. & N.!. National Team ... 24. 8.68 (M. Tranter, D. James, J. Simpson, V. Peat)

Mexico City Portsmouth London

Event

Holder

Record

4 x 220 yards............ I m. 35·8 s. ......... Australian Inter-State Team (M. R. Hoffman, R. A. Boyle, P. Kilborn, J. F. Lamy) G.B. & N.I. National Team 4 ;< 4()O 111. 3 m. 30·8 s. . . (R. Stirling, P. Lowe, J. Simpson, L. Board) French National Team (B. Martin, N. Duc1os, E. Jacq, C. Besson) Angel Track Club, V.S.A.... 4x440yards 3m.47·8s. (J. Pirie, D. Newing, L. Tddings, J. Jaton) G.B. & N.I. Team .. 4 x 800111. 8 m. 25·0 s. (R. Stirling, G. Craig, I'. Lowe, S. Carey)

Country

Date

Australia ......

9.11.69

G.B. & N.T. ...

20. 9.69

France .........

20. 9.69

Place Brishane

Athens

U.S.A.

6. 7.69

Da.yton, Ohio

G.B. & N.l.

5. 9.70

London

HURDLES lOO metres Hurdles

12·7 s.

200 metres Hurdles

25·8 s.

KarinBalzer Teresa Sukniewicz Pame1a Kilborn

G.D.R Poland Australia

26.7.70 20. 9.70 17.12.69

Annelie Jahns Teresa Sukniewicz

G.D.R. Poland.........

5. 7.70 9. 8.70

Berlin Warsaw Thomas S1. Hampton, Victoria Erfurt Warsaw

JUMPING High Jump LOllgJ11l11P

Event

.. 1·91 m (6 rt. 3!: in.) 6·84111 (22 n. 5i in.)

.. 10la11da nalas

.. Heide HosenJahl

Record

Holder

Rumania Germany

16. 7.61

3. 9.70

Country

Sofia, Bulgaria Turin, Italy

Date

Place

THROWING Nadyezhda Chizhova ......... V.S.S.R. ...... Shot ........................ 20'43 m. (67 ft. Of Discus ..................... 63'96 m ............. Liesel Westermann ............ Germany ...... 209 ft. 10 in.) Javelin..................... 62·40m............. Yelena Gorchakova ......... V.S.S.R. ..... (204 ft. 8 in.)

16. 9.69

Athens

27.9.69

Hamburg

16.10.64

Tokyo

5/6.9.70

Erfurt

PENTATHLON

5,406 points......... BurJ,llinde Pollak ............... G.D.R.......... 13'3 s., 15'57111., 1'75 m., 6'20 m., 23'8 s.

.....

OFFICIAL LIST OF OLYMPIC GAMES RECORDS Time, Height or Distance

Event

0\ 00

Date

Place

Mexico City Mexico

Kenya U.S.S.R . U.S.A . " . G.B. &N.I.

1968 1968 1968 1968 1968 1956 1964 1968 1968

. Belgium ....

1964

Tokyo

. U.S.A

1968

Mexico City Mexico

Country

Holder

MEN 100 metres 200 metres 400 metres 800 metres 1500 metres .. , 5,000 metres 10,000 metres 110 m. Hurdles 400 m. Hurdles 3,000 m. Steeplechase 4 x 100 m. Relay

. . . . . . .

Shot. Discus Hammer Javelin Decathlon

T. Smith

43·8 s. . , L. Evans R. Doubell 1 m. 44·3 s 3 m. 34·9 s. . 1 K. Keino 13 m. 39·6 s V. Kuts 28 m. 24·4 s W. Mills 13'3 s.. , . . . . . . . . .. . .. W. Davenport 48·1 s.. , , D. Hemery

. 8 m. 30·8 s . 38·2 s

4x4oo m. Relay High Jump Long Jump Triple Jump Pole Vault.. . ..

, J. Hines

. 9·9 s .. 19.8 s.

2 m. 56·1 s 2'24 m. (7' 4") , 8·90 m. (29' 2.V) 11'39 m. (5?, Of) 5·40 m. (17 8t) ·. .. . , .

20'68 m. (67' ,JOr) 64·78 m. (212 6 ) 73'36 m. (240' 8 90·10 m. (295' 7") 8,193 points h

)

Time Height or Distance

Event

. . -' . . . . .

. G. Roelants . D.S.A. (C. Greene, M. Pender, R. Smith, J. Hines) . D.S.A. (V. Matthews, R. Freeman, L. James, L. Evans) R. Fosbury . R. Beamon . . V. Saneyev .. B. Seagren C. Schiprowski W. Nordwig . R. Matson . A.Oerter G. Zsivotzky . J. Lusis . W. Toomey

•••••

. U.S.A .

. . . . . . . . . . . .

Holder

. :::

U.S.S.R. U.S.A•......

1968 1968 1968 1968 1968 1968 1968 1968 1968 1968 1968 1968

Country

Date

U:S.S.R:O . D.S.A Germany G.D.R. D.S.A.

.:::

Best performances in events where World Records are not recognized 20,000 metres Road Walk ..... , 1 h. 29 m. 34 s.. . . . . . .. K. Matthews . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. G.B. & N.I. 50,000 metres Road Walk , 4 h. 11 m. 12·4 s. . . . . .. A. Pamich Italy . Marathon 2 h. 12 m. 11·2 soo " B. Abebe Ethiopia .. loometres 11·0s 200metres 22·5s 400 metres. . . . . . .. 52·0 s. 800 metres 2 m. 00'9 s 80 m. Hurdles..... 10·3 s. 4 x 100 m. Relay .. , 42·8 s. High Jump Long Jump Shot. Discus Javelin Pentathlon

. . .. . .

H )

••••

I. Balas V. Viscopoleanu M. Gummel L. Manoliu E. Gorchakova I. Press

Japan

" "

" " " " "

Place

1964

Tokyo TokyCl.

D.S.A....... Poland...... Australia.... France...... D.S.A....... Australia....

1968 1968 1964 1968 1968 1968

Japan TokYo Mexico City Mexico

D.S.A.......

196:::

. Rumania .. . . G.D.R :: . Rumania . . U.S.S.R•... . ,t ..

1964 1968 1968 1968 1964 1964

I. Szewinska . . . . . . . .. B. Cuthbert . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. Besson M. Manning M. Caird . . . . . . . . .. D.S.A. (D. Ferrell, M. Bailes, M. Netter, W. Tyus) .... , ...

1.90 m. (6' 2ij 6·82 m. (22' 4tj 19·61 m. (64' 4h ) 58·28 m. (191' 2j 62·40 m. (204' 8t 5,246 points

Tokyo '/ Japan Mexico City Mexico

1964 1964

WOMEN

W. Tyus

" "

Japan

.. ..

Mexico City Mexico

...

" " Tokyo .... Japan Mexico City Mexico

TokYo . .. Japan "......

170

171

WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS Held in conjunction with the Olympic Games, Mexico City, 1968

MEN 100 METRES 1. J. Hlines, U.S.A., 9'9 s. 2. L. Miller, Jamaica 10'0 s. 3. G. Oreene, U.S.A. 10'0 s. 200 METRES 1. T. Smith, U.S.A., 19'8 s. 2. P. Nonnan, Australi'a, 20'0 s. 3. J. Cartos, U.s.A., 20'0 s. 400 METRES 1. L. EVlans, U.s.A., 43-8 s. 2. L. James, U.S.A., 43'9 s. 3. R. Freeman, U.S.A., 44'4 s. 800 METRES 1. R. DoUbelJ, Australia, 1 m. 44'3 s. 2. W.Kiprogut, Kenya, 1 m 44'5 s. 3. T. Fairrell, U.s.A., Im. 45'4 s. 1,500 METRES 1. K. Keino, Ken)"a, 3 m. 34'9 s. 2. J. Ry'an, U.S.A., 3 m. 37'8 s. 3. B. TUmmler, Germany, 3 m. 39'0 s. 5,000 METRES 1. M. Gammoudi, Tunisia,

14 m. 05 s. 2. K. Kcino, Ken}"a, 14 m. 05'2 s. 3. N. Temu, Kenya, 14 m. 06'4 s.

20 KILOMETRE WALK U.S.S.R., 1 h. 33 m. 58'4 s. 2. J. Pedraza, Mexico, 1 h. 34 m. 00s. 3. N. Smaga, U.S.S.R., 1 h. 34 m. 03'4 s.

1. V.

50 KILOMETRE WALK 1. C. Hohne, G.D.R., 4 h. 20 m. 13'6 s. 2. A. Kiss, Hunga.ry, 4 h. 30 m. 17'0 s. 3. L. Young, U.S.A., 4 h. 31 m. 55'4 s. 4xl00 METRES RELAY U:S.A. (C. Greene, M. Pender, R. Smith, J. Hines), 38'2 s. 2. Cuba (H. Ramirez, J. MoMles, P. Morrtes, E. Figuerola), 38'3 s. 3. Fnmce (G. Fenouil, J. Deleoour, C. Piquemal, R. Bambuck), 38'4 s. 1.

4 x 400 METRES RELAY 1. U.S.A. (V. Mattbews, R. Freeman, L. J'am,es, L. Evans), 2 m. 56'1 s. 2. Kenya (C. Asati, H. Nyamau, N, Bon, D. Rudisha), 2 m 59·6 s. 3. Germany (H. Muller, G. Hennige M. Kinder, M. Jellinghans), 3 m 00'5 s. MARATHON

10,000 METRES 1. N. Temu, Kenya, 29 m. Z1'4 s. 2. M. Wolde, EthiQPia.29 m. 28 s. 3. M. Gammoudi, TuriiiSi!a, 29 m. 34'2 s.

1. M. WQlde, Ethiopia, 2 h. 20 m. 26'4 s. 2. K. Klirm"bara, Japan,

110 METRES HURDLES 1. W. Davenport, U.S.A., 13'3 s. 2. E. H\:ll1, U.S.A., 13'4. s. 3. E. Ottoz, Italy, 13'4 s.

mGH ruMP 1. R. Fosbwy, U.S.A., 2.24m. (7 ft. in.) 2. lB. Caruthers, U.S.A., 12"22 ID. rT 1ft. 3t in.) 3. V. Gavrilov, U.S.S.R., 2'20 m. (7 ft. 2t in.)

400 METRES HURDLES 1. D. Hemery, G.B. & N.I.. 48'1 s. 2. G. Hennige, Germany. 49'0 s. 3. J. Sherwood, G.B. & N.!., 49'0 s. 3,000 METRES STEEPLCHASE 1. A. Biwott, Kenya, 8 m. 51 s. 2. B. Kogo, Kenya, 8 m. 51'6 s. 3. G. Young, U.S.A.. 8 m. 51'8 s.

2 h. 23 m. 311 s. 3. M. Ryan, N. ZCIa:1and, . 2h.23m.45s.

LONG JUMP I. R. Beamon, U.S.A., 8'90 m. (29

2. K. Beer, G.D.R., 8'19 m.

it.

in.)

(26 ft. lOt w.) 3. R. 'Boston, U.S.A., 8'16 m. C26 ft. 9t in.)

TRIPLE JUMP 1. V. Saneev, U.S.S.R., 17'39 m. (57 ft. Of in.) 2. N. Prudencio, Brazil, 17'27 m. . (56 ft. 8 in.) 3. G. Gentile, haly, 17'22 m. (56 ft. 6 in.) POLE VaULT 1. B. Seagren, U.S.A., 5'40 m. (17 ft. St in.) 2. C. Schiprowski, Germany. 5'40 m. (17 ft. 8t in.) 3. W. Nordwig, G.D.R., 5'40 m. (17 it. st in.) SHOT 1. R. Matson, U.S.A., 20'54 m. (67 ft. 4t in.) 2. G. Woods, U.S.A., 20'12 m. (66 ft. Ot in.) 3. E. Gushchin, U.S.S.R., 20'09 m. (65 ft. 11 in.) DISCUS'" 1. A. Oerter U.S.A., 64'78 m. (212 ft. 6t in.) 2. L. Milde, G.D.R., 63'08 m. (206 ft. 11tin.) 3. L. Danek. Czechoslovakia, 62'92 m. (206 ft. 5! in.)

HAMMER 1. G. Zsivotzky. Hungary, 73'36 m. (240 ft. 8t in.) 2. R. Klim, U.S.5.R., 73'28 m. (240 ft. 5 in.) 3. L. Lovasz, Hungary, 69'78 m. (228 ft. 1 H in.)

JAVELIN 1. J. Lusis, V.S.S.R., 90'10 m.)

(295 ft. 7± in.) 2. J. Kinnunen, Finland, 88'58 m. (290 ft. 7t in.) 3. G. Kulcsar, Hungary. 87'06 m. (285 ft. 7t in.) DECATHLON 1. W. Toomey, U.S.A., (10'4 s., 7·87 m., 13'75 m., 1'95 m., 45'6 s., 14·9 s., 43'68 m., 4'20 m., 62'80 m., 4 m. 57'1 s.), 8,193 points. 2. H. Walde, Germany (10'9 s., 7'64 m., 15'13 m., 2·01 m., 49'0 s., 14·8 S., 43'54 m., 4·30 m., 71.62 m., 4 rn. 58'5 s.), 8,111 points. 3. K. Bendlin, Germany (10'7 s., 7·56 m., 14'74 m., 1'80 m., 48'3 s., 15'0 s., 46'78 m., 4'60 m., 75'42 m., 5 m. 09·8 s.), 8,064 points.

--------

173

172

INDEX

WOMEN 100 METRES 1 W. Tyus, U.S.A., 11·0 s. 2. B. Ferrell, U.S.A., 11'1 s. 3. I. Szewinska, Poland, 11'1 s. 200 METRES 1. 1. Szewinska, Poland, 22'5 s. 2. R. Boyle, Australia, 22·7 s. 3. J. Lamy, Australia, 22'S s. 400 METRES \. C. Bes90n, France 52·0 s. 2. L. Board, G.B. & N.l., 52'1 s. 3. N. Pechenkina, U.S.S.R., 52'2 s. 800 METRES 1. M. Manning, U.S.A., 2 m. 00·9 s.

2. 1. Silai, Rumania, 2 m. 02·5 s. 3. M. Gommers, Holland, 2 m. 02·6 s.

80 METRES HURDLES 1. M. Caird, Australia, 10'3 s. 2. P. I<.ilborn, Australia, 10'4 s. 3. C. Chi, TlIJiwan, 10'4 s. 4 x 100 METRES RELAY \. U.S.A. (B. Ferrell, M. Bailes, M. Netter, W. Tyus), 42'8 s. 2. Cuba (M. Elejarde, F. Romay, V. Quesada, M. Cobian), 43'3 s. 3. U.S.S.R. (L. Zharkova, G. Bukharina, V. Popkova, L. Samotesoya). 43'4 s.

HIGH JUMP 1. M. Rezkova, Czechoslovakia, 1-82 m. (5 ft. 11t in.)

2. A. Okorokova, U.S.S.R., 1'80 m. (5 ft. 11 in.) 3. V. Kozyr, U.S.S.R.• 1'80 m. (5 ft. 11 in.)

Rule No:

LONG JUMP 1. V. Viscopoleanu, Rumania, 6'82 m. (22 ft. 4t in.) 2. S. Sherwood, G.B. & N.r.. 6'68 m. (21 ft. 11 in.) 3. T. Talysheva, U.S.S.R., 6'66 m. (21 ft. lot in.)

SHOT Gummel, G.D.R., 19-61 m. (64 ft. 4 in.) 2. M. Lange, G.D.R., 18-78 m. (61 ft. 71 in.: 3. N. Clrizhova, U.S.S.R., 18'19 m. (59 ft. 3t in.) 1. M.

DISCUS 1. L. Manoliu, Rumania, 58'28 m.

(191 ft. 2t in.) 2. L. Westermann, Germany, 57'76 m. (189 ft. 6 in.) 3. J. Kleiber, Hungary, 54'90 m. (180 ft. It in.)

JAVELIN 1. A. Nemeth, Hungary, 60'36 m. (198 ft. ot in.)

2. M. Penes, Rumania, 59'92 m. (196 ft. 8 in.) 3. E. Janko, Austria, 58'04 m. (190 ft. 5 in.)

Advertisingrecord attempt numbers .,. use of name in the arena Age--cross-country Alterations to rules Amateur status Announcer .. , Apparatus ... Area Championships

148 53:142 53 17

168 10 ...51-55 125 201-216 ... 12-13

cross-country in event .. , marathon shoes walk Awards-value

168 142 165 142 191 12

Bell ... Broadcasting-radio &

122

T.V.

PENTATHLON 1. I. Becker, Germany (10'9 s.• 11-48 m., 1'71 m., 6'43 m., 23'5 m.),

5,098 points. 2. L. Prokop, Austria m., 1'68 m., 5'97 4,966 points. 3. A. Toth, Hungary m., 1'59 m., 6'12 4,959 points.

(11'2 s. 14'61 m., 25'1 s.), (10'9 s.• 12'69 m., 23·8 s.),

ChampionshipsArea 13 World 13 142 :171 Check-marks Oothing 142 CompetitioIl abroad 12 Competition, The ... 142 CompetitioIl Rules 101-195 COIlgress 7 Constitution of the I.A.A.F. 1-14 COIlversioIl-weights & measures 102 CoUIlcil 6 Cross-coUIltry 168 DecathloIl ... World records DirectioIl of ruIlIliIlg

195 148 161

Rule No. Discusgeneral cage circle construction flags sectors ties trials Disqualificationconduct ... delays dopiIlg interference out of lane relay startiIlg ... DopiIlg-drugs Draw

181 :183 ... 208 183:209 205 212:181 211 :181 146 142:143 :181 116 142 144 142 142 142 :166 162 144 143

Electrical timing Eligibilitycountry ... intematioIlal Entries Expenses

119

Finals FinishgeIleral judges posts Flagscross-COUIltry sector throwing eveIlts ... tracks walkiIlg Footwear

143

Gloves

12 53 141 14

162

117

162:216

168 212 :181 181:212 161 191 142 185

175

174 Rule No.

Rule No. Hammergeneral ... cage circle construction flags sectors ties trial/order Handicaps ... Heats High jumpgeneral ... apparatus ties Hurdlesgeneral ... construction wind

181 :185 208 '" 185:209 ... 207 181 :212 181 :211 146 181 :142:143 148 143 171 :172 201 146

.. .

LA.A.F. constitution Implementscomply I.A.A.F. specifications Improper conduct ... IncJinationfield track Interference Intermediate times ... International meetings Invitations Javelingeneral construction sector/flags ties trialsjorder Judgescross-countrj field racing walking

163 213 148 1-16

149 201-216 116 171 :181 161 :148 142 142 12 12

181-182 204 211 :212:181 146 181 :142:143 168 117:142 117 117 :191

Jumpsgeneral specifications trials/order Juniors-cross-country Juryduties Lanes Languagemeetings '" start Lap scorers Lap times Levelsjumps records throwing ... tracks Long jumpgeneral ... specifications ties trialsjorder wind

171-175 201-203 171 :142 168

Officialscross-country duties Olympicschampionships One-hour race

168 111-126

...

13 162

115 :147 142 :161 9 162 122 142 171 148 181 161

171-174 ... 203 146 171 :142:143 148

112 Manager 165 Marathon 124 Marshal 16 Material assistance 145:102:165 Measurements Medical8 Advisory panel ... 165 marathon relay 166 191 walking ... women ... 141 :148 Membership of I.A.A.F. 4

Nominations for I.A.A.F. 6 Committees Numbers-competitors 121 :142 Objects of the I.A.A.F. Officers of the I.A.A.F.

Rule No:

Pentathlongeneral 195 heats 143 world records 148 Permits for Area Games ... 13 Photo-finish-judges 117 :162 Pointsmen-cross-country 168 Pole vaultgeneral ... 171 :173 grip ... 142 numbers ... ... 142 specifications 201 :202 ties 146 Private implements 173 :149 Prizes ... 12 :53 Protests 147 Q!.!alifications for representmg country Qualifying competitionsgeneral ... Recall Starters Recontest Recorders RecordsWorld Referees Refreshmentscross-country marathon walking Relaysbatons general lanes Re-run

12 143

161 :162 116 :142 123 148 116 168 165 191 214 166 152:161 116 :142

Rule No. Resin

142

Scholarships 12 Scoringcross-country 168 decathlon 195 international matches 142 pentathlon 195 Secre.tary 113 Seeding 143 Seniors-cross-country 168 Shotgeneral ... 184 :181 circles ... 209 construction ... 206 sectors/flags 181 :211 :212 stop board .. . 210 ties 146 142: 143 :181 trials/order Simultaneous events 142 Specifications 201 :216 Sponging points ... 165 Sponsorship ... 16:17 Start 161 :162:168 Starter 120:162:168 121 :162 Starter's Assistants Starting blocks 162:215 Steeplechase 164 Stewards 111 Subscription fees 4 Surveyor 126 :145 Suspensions 11 Tapes-steel, fibre glass 145:148 Teamscross-country 168 track 167 Technical Committee 8 Technical Manager 114 Throwing general 142:143:181 :185 204:212 specifications ... 146 ties 142:143 :181 trials

176 Rule No. Tiescross-country 168 decathlon 195 pentathlon 195 teams 167 146 track/field Time-interval-heat & final 143 Timekeepersdecathlon 195 duties 119 162 one/two hours races pentathlon 195 records ... 148 Torso 119 :162 Tracks ... 161 Travel expenses 14 Triple jumpgeneral 175:171 take-off board ... 203 ties 146 trials 142:143:171 wind ... 148 Two-bours race ... 162 Umpires Voting powers

118 :168 4

Rule No. Walkinggeneral rules judges 'Lugano' Trophy safety precautions shoes Walking Committee Watches Water jump Weights Wind-record Wooden surfaces World records Worsted WomenCommittee competition rules cross-country discus hurdles ... javelin officials ... nationality medical certificate pentathlon shot

191 117 :191 192 191 142 8 119 164 145 148 148 148:381 162 8 101 168 205 163 204

III

12 141:148 195 ... 206

I.A.A.F. Olympic Games (Mexico City)

Instructional film (8 and 16mm reels and 8 and 16mm loops)

These may be obtained from the 1.A.A.F's. official photographer: MA. TONI NETT, 7 STUTTGART-MOENCHFELD, WELSWEG 1, W. GERMANY

for educational and instructional (coaching) purposes. The price of the full length film is 1,000 D.M. (16mm) and 711 D.M. (8mm) and the single reels are from 110 D.M. to 160 D.M. (16mm) and 83 D.M. to 123 D.M. (8mm)

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