IAAF HandBook 1981 by The Marshal

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Copies of the above publications can he obtained from the INTERNATIONAL AMATEUR ATHLETIC FEDERATION Ifl2 UPPER RICHMOND ROAD. PUTNEY. LONDON, SWI5 2SL This Handbook is wpyright and no part may he reproduced without the permission of the Council of the Intcrnational Amateur Athletic Federation

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INTERNATIONAL AMATEUR ATHLETIC FEDERATION HJUNOI:D IN 1'112

OFFICIAL HANDBOOK 1981

President: Honorary Life President: HOfU?rary Life Vice-

_"I?".;.'

f;, residents: .

Vice-Presidents:

Honorary Treasurer:

()

Genera! Secretary: Bureau Address: Cables: Telephone: Telex:

A. PAULEN THE MARQUESS OF EXETER BO EKELUND D. T. P. PAIN L. KHOMENKOV J. C. 0 A COSTA M.DANZ L. DIACK F. W. HOLDER

J. B. HOlT 162, Upper Richmond Road, Putney, london, SWI5 2SL. "Marathon," London, S.W.I5. 01 (london) 7'<)93'<)53 XH13555 IAAF HQ.

CONTENTS

Rules

(The Federation) Foreword ...

DIVISION I

The Federation History . Council . Committees Panel of International Walking Judges Veterans of the I.A.A.F. List of Member Countries DIVISION

14 19

1-17 51-54

III (TechnicaL RuLes)

General Section I 11 III IV V VI VII DIVISION

5 9 10 13

Il (Constitution)

Constitution of the LA.A.F. Eligibility and Amateur Status DIVISION

Page

Officials Competition Rules (General) ._. Running Events . _. Jumping Events Throwing Events Walking Events Pentathlon-Decathlon

101 111-127 141-150 161-168 171-174 181-186 191-192 195

55 66 84

106 122

149 151

IV (Statistics)

World Record Events World Record Application Forms .. _ List of World Records (Men & Women) .. . .._ Olymyic Games Records Meda Winners-World Championships (Olympic Games) Moscow TABLE OF CONTENTS

381

153 154 158 161 163

... Inside back cover

In previous editions, general competition rules were grouped in one section, rules for individual events in another and specifications for implements and â&#x20AC;˘ apparatus in a third. The opportunity has now been taken to re-arrange these Technical Rules in such a way that competitors and officials will find all the rules for any particular event (conduct of competition, implements, apparatus) grouped logically together under one Rule.

FOREWORD

The I.A.A.F., along with most International Sports Federations, is at the crossroads, shaken by the storm that hung over the Moscow Olympic Games. Political difficulties, for so long a threat to International Sport relations came to the fore-front of our attention. Athletes and officials alike came under immense pressure from governments around the world, but the athletes replied in the only way they could, by setting 40 world records in the season! Those athletes that ._ went to Moscow fought hard for their medals and in so doing the Olympic spirit. . Y We were particularly pleased to see the delegates of those Member Federations, whose athletes were prevented from competing in Moscow, sitting in the LA.A.F. Congress Hall, in a courageous stand to preserve the future of the youth of the world to compete in friendly competition. The LA.A.F. Council and Committees must now look ahead to repair any rifts, and rebuild confidences. Our programme for 1981 is full and shows signs of expansion in all areas that will demand our concerted energies. The pressing need to face the realistic needs of the modern athlete was accepted by the LA.A.F. Council, who appointed a seven man Working Party under the Chairmanship of Mr. Artur Takac (Yugoslavia) to study "Amateurism". This Group has met on two occasions already and will present their report to the Spring 1981 LA.A.F. Council meeting (Cairo-March 21/22). If the proposals of this Working Party are accepted by the Council, we will have the opportumty to treat these in full at the H.ome Congress. Throughout 1980, the LA.A.F. has continued its stand against the mis-use of drugs and is seeking to raise the number of accredited Anti-Doping Laboratories to 12 from the present 5 (Cologne, Kreischa, London, Montreal and Leningrad) early in 19S1. The LO.C. has now adopted the â&#x20AC;˘ .A.A.F. Accreditation Scheme, and it is envisaged that the LA.A.F. and LO.C. will work together in close collaboration on this project. The highlight of the 1981 season is, no doubt, the third edition of the LA.A.F. World Cup, to be held in Rome (September 4th-6th). The format, which has proved so colourful and exciting, remains unchanged, apart from the addition of a 9th team-that of the host nation. We are confident that this broadening of the competition is in the best

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interests of the Cup, as it will ensure a capacity crowd which is the prerequisite to an exciting athletics . The need, on the part of those teams representmg a ContI., nent-Africa, Americas, Asia and Oceania-to prepare a squad of athletes fr?m a number of differeJ?t count!ies, has provided an incentIve for a structured senes of "qualifying" meetings, in which we have seen contmental records and the overall standard rise drastically. Competing as a continent has inspired a pride and unification, and perhaps on a more ordinary level, but of equal importance, the need to communicate. This has been of immense help the of LA.A.F. Development area of activity WhICh has grown annually and wIth WhICh the Federation can be justifiably proud. In the last four years the LA.A.F. has spent $270,000 alone from its Central Fund on the Development Programme. . . Technical Aid is divided into six clear spheres of actIvItyCoaching Courses, Coaching Visits., of .Nati.onal Judges, Athletics Literature, AthletIcs FIlms, AudIO-VIsual Materials. We continue to co-ordinate with Olympic Solidarity. The Solidarity Fund has contributed to our activity in the last three years, and has undertaken to continue working together, which will enable a more ambitious programme to be conducted in the future. a.lso The expansion of the Development been assisted by the sponsorship agreement m aSSOCIatIOn with the "LA.A.F. Series of Golden Events". This series of9 high level events has caught the public imagination and we look forward to four keenly contested events in 1981:June 7 LA.A.F. Golden 5,000 Gateshead June 19 LA.A.F. Golden 10,000 Prague LA.A.F. Golden Sprints Berlin (FRG) August 21 August 28 LA.A.F. Golden Mile Brussels The growth and development of all the diverse branches O. our sport is no better illustrated than in the fast growing interest and participation of the LA.A.F. Team Cross Country Championships (annually) and the LA.A.F. Race Walking World Cup for the "Lugano Troph)'" (bi-annually). The 1981 Cross Country Championship (Madrid-March 28th) and the "Lugano Trophy" Final (Valencia-October 4th/5th) will both be staged in Spain and it is a fitting tribute 4

to the particular development that this natIon has made in these areas, that these two Championships come t?gether on Spanish soil. We look forward to a larger and wIder global participation in both events. Looking further forward, the first I.A:.A.F. Championships outside the Olympic Games WIll be staged m Helsinki, Finland-August 7th to 14th 1?83. Thes.e Championships promise to be a landmark m of Athletics and we are confident that our Fmmsh hosts, steeped their athletic heritage, will make it an occasion to Memember. The next LA.A.F. Congress will be staged in Rome in September, during the days preceding the IIIrd World Cup. In Moscow, Congress to thIS ordinary Meeting, the main task WhICh be to deal wIth Constitutional matters and Elections. ThIS present Handbook is therefore valid for 1981 only and a new edition will be published in one year's time, containing the decisions and rule changes decided upon at the Rome Congress together with the new Council, and Committees elected. London ADRIAAN PAULEN January'1981 President. HISTORY

Over 68 years ago, on July 17th, 1912, two days after the last athletics event of the Olympic Games, a Congress was held in Stockholm for the formation of an International Federation for Amateur Athletics. The following 17 Countries were represented at this historic meeting:Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Denmark, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Norway, RUSSIa, Sweden, United Kingdom and the United States. There was body for an urgent need for an international. aK thletics owing to the development of mternatIOnal contests the Olympic Games. A universal code <?f. rules and regulations and a common amateur defillltIOn acceptable throughout the world had become as well as an . authentic register of World and OlympIC Though this meeting in Stockholm was, stnctly speakmg, an exploratory one, records of the I.A.A.F. regard it as first Congress and subsequent up the 32nd III Moscow in 1980 have been deSIgnated accordmgly.

later in B.erlin, Congress accepted the first and 34.NatIOns figured in the first Membership Slgfnd (Sweden) was elected President and hst: Honorary Secretary. The first Technical Knstmn Rules for mternational competitions were presented in 1914 at the third Congress in Lyons, France, by the new Honorary Secretary, Hilding Kjellman (Sweden), and Members were rules for their domestic competitions. urged to In the maugural lIst of World Records published in 1914, there werl? 53 Men's rec?rds for Hurdling and .Relay Racmg, 30 for Walkmg and 12 for Field events, includ. mg the Decathlon. No records for women existed at tha" time. From time to time, the list has been considerably altered and at the XXXth Congress in Montreal a fundamenta! was made. Since 1st January 1977', the only Impenal dIstance accepted is the 1 Mile (Men and Women). There are now 23 records for Running, Hurdling and Relays, plus 4 Walkmg events and 9 Field events, including the Decathl?n. The W.omen's World Record List comprises 15 for HurdlIng and Relays, 2 for Walking events, and 6 for FIeld events, including the Heptathlon. As early as 1921, the LA.A.F. was in close contact with the fourth Congress that year was held in the Geneva ImmedIatelytbefore the LO.C. Congress at the same venue. By 1924, a separate Federation governing Women's Athletics had been founded, the F.S.F.L At the Paris Conthe LA.A.F. supported the F.S.F.I. request for the mclusIOn of five Women's events in the Amsterdam 9ames-100m, 800m, 4 x lOOm, High Jump and !?ISCUS. Smce these early days, Women's athletics has contmued to produce ever-improving performances in ever greater depth. The 3000m and 400m Hurdles are the latest World Championship events, and the 5000m and 1O,OOOm the world record events. In addition, the marathon provmg more popular as a race for women and i m 1983 World Championships programme. The pomts table 10 use for the Women's Heptathlon and other events was reviewed in 1970, with new tables for the 400m and 1500m being provided, as well as existing tables being revalued. In 1926, the K.N.A.U. (Netherlands) presented the first apparatus for photo-finish judging, to ehmmate the human factor from finish judging and timing.

This was used in 1928 at the Amsterdam Games, and in 1930 electrically timed performances were accepted for World Record purposes. Since January 1977, for records up to and including 400 metres, only pertormances timed by fully automatic electrical timing have been accepted. Since January 1st, 1981 for all races up to 1O,000m inclusive, times are recorded to l/100th of a second when electrically timed. The award of the Yeteran Pin was instituted in 1928, with 12 initial recipients. At the Amsterdam Congress the first Doping Rule was approved and incorporated in the Handbook. Finally, the present definition for Walkingis progression by steps so taken that unbroken contact with the ground is maintained"-was accepted by the 1928 Congress. In 1930, Bo Ekelund (Sweden) became the third Honorary Secretary-Treasurer-a post he held until 1946. A prominent member of the Rules and Records Committee at that time was Avery Brundage. This was the body then responsible for keeping World Records, and this task fell principally to Szilard Stankovits (Hungary) who was also largely responsible for the decision to stage the first European Championships (1934, Turin). In 1946, the LA.A.F. Headquarters moved from Stockholm to London when Lord Burghley (now the Marquis of Exeter) took over from J. Sigfrid Edstrom as President. E. J. H. "Billy" Holt was Honorary Secretary-Treasurer until after the 1952 Helsinki Olympic Games, when Donald Pain took over this responsibility, a position he held for 17 years until Frederick Holder succeeded him in 1970. The steady growth of the Federation in the years up to 1950 accelerated in the next two decades and by the end of 1980, Member countries in affiliation numbered 165. Continental and Regional Games and Championships, which help in assessing overall progress and provide an group, continued to al!1centive to all ÂĽtevelop. From theIr foundatIOn 10 1934, the European Championships were under the control of the European Committee of the LA.A.F. At the 1968 Congress, however, the Constitution was amended to provide for the setting up of Continental Area Associations within the LA.A.F., and the European Athletic Association (E.A.A.) was formed soon afterwards, its Constitution being ratified at the 1970 LA.A.F. Congress. The 7

expanded European athletic programme now includes Indoor and Junior Championships, the European Cup, European Marathon Cup and Combined Events Cup. The Statutes of the Oceania Regional Group were approved at the Munich Congress (1972) and those of the African Amateur Athletic Confederation (A.A.A.C.) and the Asian Amateur Athletic Association (A.A.A.A.) were approved by the Rome Congress (1974). A further major change in the Constitution in 1968 was include in the Council a representative of each of the SIX Continental Areas, elected by the Members in those Area Groups. This ensures truly worldwide representation in Council, the size of which was increased in Montreal to 19, with the addition of four Vice-Presidents. Adriaan Paulen succeeded Lord Exeter as President, to become only the third President in 64 years, Frederick Holder was re-elected Honorary Treasurer and the new Council appointed John Holt as General Secretary. Co-operation with the LO.C. and Olympic Games Organising Committee to ensure the successful staging of athletics events at the Olympic Games has always been a feature of the LA.A.F. 's activity. A new dimension to our links with other sporting bodies was added in 1978 when the LA.A.F. became a member of the General Assembly of International Sports Federations (G.A.LS.F.) to join there all but one of the other Olympic Sports Federations. The Amateur Status Rules have come under close scrutiny in recent years, and Rules 14 to 17 in the present Handbook are the result of considerable amendments approved by the Montreal Congress. Technical aid activities continue, and an increasingly widespread development programme was undertaken in 1979 and 1980. In 1981, in addition to the annual LA.A.F. Cross Country Team Championships and the bi-annual Walking World Cup for the Lugano Trophy, the third athletics World Cup which all the continents are represented will be staged Rome (September 4th-6th). In March, 1980 Council granted the first LA.A.F. World Championships outside the Olympic Games to Helsinki (August, 1983). This new competition, linked with the ever increasing athletic activity organised in all continents by LA.A.F. Members, underlines the constant aim of the LA.A.F. to establish closer links between itself and National Governing bodies, and to increase the liaison between leaders in all parts of the world for the benefit of the Sport. 8

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-------COUNCIL A. Paulen, President, LA.A.F., 162 Upper Richmond Road, Putney, London, SW15 2SL, England. Khomenkov, Senior Vice-President, clo The Light Athletic Federation of the U.S.S.R., Skatertny per. 4, Moscow G-69. U.S.S.R. J. C. da Costa, Vice-President, Av. N. S. de Copacabana 380, Apto, 1.102,22.020 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil. M. Danz, Vice-President, Ochsenallee 1, 3500 Kassel, Federal Republic of Germany. 9'L. Diack, Vice-President, BP 86, Dakar, Senegal. L.

F. W. Holder, Honorary Treasurer, 162 Upper Richmond Road, Putney, London, SW15 2SL, England. *H. Agabani, P.O. Box 1525, Khartoum, Sudan. O. C. Cassell, clo The Athletics Congress of the U.S.A. (Inc.) P.O. Box 120, Indianapolis, Indiana 46206, U.S.A. P. Dasriaux, 22 rue Eugene Jumin, 75019 Paris, France. *A. 1. D. Francis, Box 8134 Santurce, Puerto Rico 00910,

P.R.

*P. C. Galvez, Calle 22 No. 160, Urb Corpac, Lima, 27, Peru. A. Ljungqvist, Lillhagsvagen 4, S-18246 Enebyberg, Sweden. *A. L. Morrison, 15 Heath Street, Sandringham, Vie. 3191, Australia. C. Mukora, P.O. Box 30134 Nairobi, Kenya. P. Nebiolo, Largo Re Umberto 102, Torino, Italy. J. Sir, Kekgolyo u. 4., 1123 Budapest XII, Hungary. *A. Takac, c/o Committee XIV Olympic Winter Games, SaraJevo 1984, Ulica JNA 23, 71000 Sarajevo, â&#x20AC;˘ Yugoslavia. . "G. Wieczisk, clo Deutscher Verband fUr Leichtathletik der DDR, 1055 Berlin, Storkower Strasse 118, G.D.R. *S. Yasuda, Room 301 Kishi Memorial Hall, 1-1-1 Jinnan Shibuya, Tokyo 150, Japan.

*Area Group Representative THE I.A.A.F. MEN'S WORLD CUP 9

TECHNICAL COMMITTEE E. Rose, Chairman, clo Dansk Idraets-Forbund, Idraettens Hus, Brondby Stadion 20, OK 2600 Olostrup, Denmark. L. Barra, Via Bagnoregio 3, 00100 Rome, Italy. L. Betancourt, clo Federacion Cubana de Atletismo, Cane No: 13, Esquina Callec Vedado, Zona Postal 4, Habana, Cuba. E. Bremicker, Rubensstr. 25, 6700 Ludwigshafen, Federal Republic of Germany. N. Dahlman, Alandsvagen 39, SF 22100 Mariehamn, Finland. P. Dasriaux, 22 rue Eugene Jumin, 75019 Paris, France. L. Eldridge, 726 Chemin du Lac, Ville du Lery, Quebec, Canada. R. Giegengack, 402A Yale Station, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, U.S.A. J. Jackowski, 60-228 Poznan, Promienista 16 AM 6, Poland. F. I. K. Kiplagat, p.a. Box 30556, Nairobi, Kenya. M. Oda, 26-12 Kamiyama-cho, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150, Japan. J. D. Pardivala, 22 Tardeo Apartments, 245 Tardeo Road, Bombay, India. V. Rodichenko, clo The Light Athletic Federation of the U.S.S.R., Skatertny per. 4, Moscow 0-69, U.S.S.R. E. Sch6ber, clo Deutscher Verband fur Leichtathletik der DDR, 1055 Berlin, Storkower Strasse 118, G.D.R. E. Wante, Ankerstr. 79, 2700 Saint Niklaas, Belgium.

WOMEN'S COMMITTEE Miss M. Hartman, Chairman. clo Women's A.A.A., Francis House, Francis Street, London, SW1P 1DE, England. Mrs. I. Bechthold, Cretzschmarstr, 15, D-6oo FrankfurtIM Federal Republic of Germany. ' N. Carlius, St. Pedersgatan 11, 25237 Helsingborg, Sweden. Mrs. E. Gorchakova, clo The Light Athletic Federation of the U.S.S.R., Skatertny per. 4, Moscow G-69, U.S.S.R. I. Hume, R.R.1, Melbourne, Quebec, Canada. F. Jutte, Thorbeckelaan 611, 2564 e.G. Den Haag, The Netherlands. Mrs. D. I. Magee, 26 French Street, Maroubra, N.S.W. 2035, Australia. 10

Mrs. M. Maleszewska, 00-130 Warsawa, ul. Graniczna, 2m 16, Poland. . Mrs. L. Manoliu, clo Federatia Romana de Atlettsm, Strada Vasile Conta 16, 70139 Bucuresti, Romania. Mrs. P. Rico, 89 Lexington Drive, Croton-on-Hudson, N. Y. 10520, U . S . A . · . Mrs. E. Strasser, Lessingstrasse 31,4020 Donau, Austna. CROSS COUNTRY AND ROAD RUNNING COMMITTEE E. Declerk, Chairman, Residentie Floralia, KortrijksesteenA_ weg 263, 9000 Ohent, Belgium. Dalgleish, 48 Gartons Road, Glasgow G21 3HY, Scotland. O. Klappert, Platanenallee 7, 4750 Unna, Federal Republic of Germany. . , V. Maltopol, clo Federatia Romina de Atlettsm, Str. Vaslle Conta 16, 70139 Bucuresti, Romania. . G. Mastropasqua, Piazzale Giovine Italia, 3, 20123 Mllano, Italy. A. a. Melville, 271 Karori Road, Wellington, New Zealand. R. Puignau, Zabaleta 54-7°, San Sebastian, Spain. Aldo 22 Monett Place, Greenlawn, New York, N.Y. 11740, U.S.A. E. Spillane, 55 Moyville, Ballyboden Road, Dublin 14, Ireland. M. Wawrzyowski, Karlowicza 1/7 m.6, 02-501 Warszawa, Poland. WALKING COMMITTEE P. Lassen, Chairman, Biilowsvej 40, 3 DK-1870, Copenhagen V, Denmark. .., . G. Frister, clo Deutscher Verband fur LelchtathletIk der DDR 1055 Berlin, Storkower Strasse 118, G.D.R. A. Fruktov, clo The Light Athletic Federation of the • U.S.S.R., Skatertny per. 4, Moscow 0-69, U.S.S.R. . Jenevein, 22 Chemin des Petits Marais, 92329 Gennevilliers, France. W. Kirkor, ul. Langiewicza 6, 81-737 Sopot, Poland. J. Kraemer, Zeisigweg 5, D-4005, Meerbusch 3, Federal Republic of Germany. P. Marlow, 65 Lordship Lane, London SE22, England. N. Marrone, 5205 Robert Boul. St. Leonard, Montreal HIR 1P8, Canada. 11

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V. B. Sharp, 17 Telethon Avenue, Athelstone 5076, South Australia. J. Tigerman, 6823 North Hamilton, Chicago, Illinois 60645, U.S.A. G. Tosi, Via Guelfa 44, Firenze, Italy. MEDICAL COMMITTEE Prof. Dr. Arne Ljungqvist, Chairman, Lillhagsvagen 4, 5-18010 Enebyberg, Sweden. Dr. R. Andrivet, Central National de Medecine du Sport, 01 BPV 54, Abidjan 01, Ivory Coast. Prof. Dr. Waldemar Areno, Estrada do Joa 2618, Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Prot. A. H. Beckett, c/o Chelsea College, University of London, Dept. of Pharmacy, Manresa Road, London SW3 6LX, England. Dr. Anthony Daly, 301 North Prairie Avenue, Suite 215, Inglewood, California 90301, U.S.A. Dr. Max Danz, Ochsenallee 1, 3500 Kassel, Federal Republic of Germany. Dr. Manfred Donike, c/o Deutsche Sporthochschule Koln, Institut rur Biochemie, Carl-Diem-Weg 2/Postfach 450 327, 5000 Koln 41, Federal Republic of Germany. Dr. Mohamed Gheita, 6 rue Yvon Vill Arceau, Paris 16, France. Or. M. Hoppner, c/o Deutscher Verband rur Leichtathletik der DDR, 1055 Berlin, Storkower Strasse 118, G.D.R. Or. Virginia Mikhaylova, Bulgarian Athletic Federation, Sofia, boul. Tolboukhin 18, Bulgaria. Or. Pekka Peltokallio, Kuorekuja 8c, 02170 Espoo 17, Finland. Dr. J. Sowinski, clo Polski Zwiazek Lekkiej Atletyki, 0-372 Warszawa, Ul. Foksal 19, Poland. Or. G. Worobiew, clo The Light Athletic Federation of the U.S.S.R., Skatertny per. 4, Moscow G-69, U.S.S.R.

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PANEL OF INTERNATIONAL WALKING JUDGES Australia D. M. Keane J. A. Larkin P. S. McCavanagh J. S. MacDougall M. Patterson (Mr5' V. B. Sharp R. C. Smith . F. Wilson J'\,ustria H. Frantz Belgium N.Opsomer Bulgaria D. Marinov V. Vladimirov B. J. Yanev Canada L. Giordano A. Keay A. Marrone (Mrs) N. Marrone K. Merschenz D. Walker Cuba J. L. Garcia A. M. Martinez J. D. Rodnguez Czechoslovakia F. Horsky V. Klempir B. Klir ..,. Martinkovic Mikes L. Moc J. Svoboda Z. Trefny V. Vagner F. Voboril Denmark P. Lassen

Egypt O. D'Ascola W. S. A. Rahman L. Favati Finland G. Tosi K. Heinamaa W. Zanellini V. Kangaspunta Japan P. Tarkkatlen K. Narita France N. Tsuda J. Chartier Luxemburg M. Coubard C. Sowa J. Dahm Mexico R. Gamier E. C. Aleman L. Ghesquiere (Mrs) P. C. Martinez F. Herbet A. M. de la Mora G. Roldan F. Jenevein G.D.R. Netherlands G. Frister A. F. C. Toscani J. Kriiger New Zealand D. Lehmann (Mrs) D. B. Chadderton G. Rosenow C. E. J. Cook F.R. Germany L. F. Gerrie H. Berndt G. Harvie J. Kraemer R. Pilkington D. Pawlak Norway G.B. & N.I. P. Baarnass W. F. Amer A. Fuglum F. Clay I. Guttulsrod R. Holland H. Nymark F. James H. Persson R. Wells B. Tindlund J. Wish Panama E. Staker F. Alderete Hungary Poland P. Bacsalmasi W. Kirkor S. Lazlo J. Leleno L. Majzik A. Markowski F. Simek R. Markowski L. Vaczi M. Rduch (Mrs) J. Zerko India L. R. Khanna Rumania Italy I. Paraschivescu P. Castiglione 13

Singapore D. de Sousa Spain D. C. Husillos E. Marro G. Montagut Sweden H. Ekenmyr F. Eriksson R. 10hansson J. Nilsson A. Thureson Switzerland R. Crausaz

V. Daguet A. Libotte L. Marquis Trinidad & Tobago H. R. Lee E. A. Pierre U.S.S.R. M. Andrejev A. Fruktov A. Issurin N. Kalinin A. Kharbarov V. Lakhov A. Mikhailov

V. Samotesov N. Smaga M. Tomilin U.S.A. F. Alongi R. Bowman E. Denman R. Hickey L. Larson H. H. Laskau B. Macdonald M. B. Rosenstein M. Rudow

," â&#x20AC;˘

VETERANS OF THE I.A.A.F. Elected The Marquess of Exeter, (G.B. & N.!.). Hassan Agabani (Sudan). Hanji Aoki (Japan). Alhaji Arogundade (Nigeria). Kinichi Asano (Japan). Richard Ashenheim (Jamaica). Robert Atlasz (Israel). Harold!. Austad (New Zealand). Helio Babo (Brazil). Karl Beuermann (FR. Germany). Jerzy Bogobowicz (Poland). Emanuel Bosak (Czechoslovakia). Nils Carlius (Sweden). RaphaeI Cavero (Spain). Emile Clemme (Belgium). Joao C. da Costa (Brazil). Max Danz (F.R. Germany). Pierre Dasriaux (France). Emiel Declerck (Belgium). Lamine Diack (Senegal). Roger Dubief (France). Rudolf Dusek (Czechoslovakia). Bo Ekelund (Sweden). Victor Firea (Rumania). 14

1950 1972 1968 1980 1958 1980 1966 1964 1980 1970 1980 1970 1976 1976 1952 1960 1962' 1970 1974 1976 1968 1978 1946 1980

â&#x20AC;˘ "

E. Figuerola (Cuba). Amadeo Francis (Puerto Rico). Jean Frauenlob (Switzerland). Pedro Galvez (Peru). .' Arthur Gold (G.B. & N.!.). Abraham Green (Israel).. Miss Marea Hartman (G.B. & N.!.). Arthur 1. Hodsdon (Australia). Frederick W. Holder (G.B. & N.l.). Hans Jaeger (Germany). Axel Jorbeck (Sweden). Frans lutte (Netherlands). Nicolai Kalinin (U.S.S.R.). Vilem Kanturek (Czechoslovakia). Uhro Kekkonen (Finland). Leonid Khomenkov (U.S.S.R). August Kirsch (F.R. Germany). Gurbaksh Singh Kler (Malaysia). Karel Knenicky (Czechoslovakia). Palle Lassen (Denmark). Stan. G. Leeder (New Zealand). Armando Libotte (Switzerland). Jacob Lindahl (Sweden). Bo Lindman (Sweden). Arne Ljungqvist (Sweden). Mrs. Doris Magee (Australia). Henri Meley (France). A. Ossie Melville (New Zealand). Joe Moerman (Netherlands). Cesar Moreno (Mexico). Charles Mukora (Kenya). Dino Nai (Italy). Primo Nebiolo (Italy) . Dimiter Nikolov (Bulgaria). George Oberweger (Italy). Mikio Oda (1apan). Abraham Ordia (Nigeria). Donald T. P. Pain (G.B. & N.!.). 1al Pardivala (India). Adriaan Paulen (Netherlands). Lauri Pihkala (Finland). Erich Pultar (Austria). 15

Elected

1974 1978 1978 1970 1970 1976 1972 1966 1972 1976 1968 1976 1956 1972 1952 1964 1978 1978 1960 1976 1962 1968 1966 1950 1980 1972 1976 1980 1974 1974 1976 1952 1974 1976 1960 1976 1974 1956 1962 1950 1928 1978

Elected Mme. Z. Romanova (U.S.S.R.). Emanuel Rose (Denmark). Erhard Schoeber (G.D.R.). Jean R. Seurin (France). S. Dmrao Singh (India). Jozsef Sir (Hungary). Kee Chung Sohn (Korea). Hans Stahl (F.R. Germany). Artur Takac (Yugoslavia). Olav Tendeland (Norway). Todor Todorov (Bulgaria). T. Tulikoura (Finland). Jukka Dunila (Finland). Armas Valste (Finland). Peter Vukovic (Yugoslavia). Harold H. Whitlock (G.B. & N.!.). Georg Wieczisk (G.D.R.). Seiko Yasuda (Japan).

1960 1972 1970 1950 1976 1962 1968 1976 1962 1946'Âˇ.. 1974 1966 1978 1976 1978 1966 1972 1980

Deceased

H.H. King Gustav VI Adolf of Sweden. Harold M. Abrahams (G.B. & N.!.). Sir Harry J. Barclay (G.B. & N.!.). William M. Barnard (G.B. & N.!.). Harold Berliner (D.S.A.). Brundage (D.S.A.). Friedrich Burger (F.R. Germany). J. E. Chryssafis (Greece). Ernest H. L. Clynes (G.B. & N.!.). Jack C. G. Crump (G.B. & N.I.). Jack W. Davies (Canada). Charles J. Dieges (U.S.A.). Carl Diem (F.R. Germany). J. Sigfrid Edstrom (Sweden). Leopold Englund (Sweden). Tage Ericson (Sweden). John Falchenberg (Norway). Daniel J. Ferris (D .S.A.). C. Forys (Poland).

1934 1948 1928 1928 1962 1946 1930 1930 1964 1958 1964' 1932 1930 1928 1928 1952 1946 1952 1964

J. Genet (France). Giovanni Guabello (Italy). Francis Guilleux (France). Kristian Hellstrom (Sweden). Edouard Hermes (Belgium). Ernest J. H,. Holt (G.B. & N.!.). Murray Hulbert (D.S.A.). Evan A. Hunter (South Africa). Ludwig JaIl (F.R. Germany). G. lurgenson (France). .Hiromu Kasuga (lap-an). J'Gustavus T. Kirby (D.S.A.). S. Kishi (Japan). Hilding Kjellman (Sweden). Jukka Lehtinen (Finland). Joe B. MacCabe (D.S.A.). E. S. Marks (Australia). Paul Mericamp (France). J. G. Merrick (Canada). Justus W. Meyerhof (Germany). Lauri Miettinen (Finland). F. A. Moran (Eire). Naili Moran (Turkey). Mogens Oppegaard (Norway). Franz Reichel (France). Karl Ritter von Halt (F.R. Germany). Oscar Rosenvinge-Kolderup (Norway). F. W. Rubien (D.S.A.). Johannes Runge (F.R. Germany). G. V. A. Schofield (G.B. & N.!.). Pincus Sober (D.S.A.). G. D. Sondi (India). Szilard Stankovits Pasquale Stassano (Italy). 'tPeter Stepanenko (U.S.S.R.). Hans Sulak (Czechoslovakia). Robert M. Thompson (D.S.A.). Pierre Tonelli (France). Hugh Weir (Australia). Hermann Wraschtil (Austria). Bruno Zauli (Italy).

1928 1962 1964 1930 1948 1946 1932 1946 1972 1948 1966 1928 1932 1928 1972 1928 1932 1932 1930 1930 1946 1948 1958 1950 1928 1960 1930 1932 1930 1930 1966 1948 1928 1970 1968 1976 1928 1958 1956 1928 1954

- - - - - - - - -----

I.A.A.F. CONTINENTAL ASSOCIATIONS AFRICA African Amateur Athletic Confederation (A.A.A.C.). President: L. Diack, P. O. Box 86, Dakar, Senegal. Hon. Secretary: Papa Gallo Thiam, as above. ASIA Asian Amateur Athletic Association (A.A.A.A.). President: S. Yasuda, Room 301 Kishl Memorial Hall, 1-1-1 Jinnan Shibuya, Tokyo 150, Japan. Hon. Secretary! M. Nicholas, 26 Windsor Park Road, A. Treasurer: Rep. of Singapore, District No.: 20. .. EUROPE European Athletic Association (E.A.A.). President: A. A. Gold, 49 Friern Mount Drive, Whetstone, London N209Dl', England. Hon. Secretary: P. Dasriaux, E.A.A., 22 rue Eugene Jumin, 75109 Paris, France. Hon. Treasurer: J. Frauenlob, 110 chemin de la Montagne, 1224 Chene-Bougeries, Geneva, Switzerland. NORTH AMERICA Representative on LA.A.F. Council A. 1. D. Francis, Box 8134, Santurce, Puerto Rico 00910, P.R. OCEANIA Oceania Regional Group. Chairman: A. Lee Morrison, 15 Heath Street, Sandringham, Vic. 3191, Australia. Hon. Secretary! A. R. Eustace, Massey University, Treasurer: Palmerston, North Island, New Zealand. SOUTH AMERICA Confederaci6n Sudamericana de Atletismo. 6. President: Vice Admiral P. J. Galvez, " Calle 22 No. 160, Urb Corpac, Lima, 27, Peru.

Only the Members' names and addresses are given in the Handbook. The I.A.A.F. Directory appears in January every year and provides fuller up-to-date information of telephone numbers, cable addresses, telex numbers and names of officers of alll.A.A.F. Member Federations, Committees and 18

Area Group Associations. In addition the Directory provides many other useful addresses and is obtainable (price ÂŁ1.00) from the l.A.A.F. Bureau. LIST OF MEMBERS The !etters in parenthesis denote the groupmg of the Member country (Rule 4), and the date, the year of foundation.

AFGHANISTAN (C) . (1930) ALBANIA (D) (1930) ALGERIA (B) (1963) ANGOLA (Provisional) ANGUILLA (D) (1977) ANTIGUA (D) (I 960) ARGENTINA (A) (1954) AUSTRALIA (AA) ;. (1897) AUSTRIA (A) (1902) BAHAMAS (C) (1952)

Republic of Afghanistan National Olympic Committee, Kabul Afghanistan. ' Federation Albanaise d'Athletisme Kongresi i Permetit, nr41, , Tlrana, Albania. Federation Algerienne d'Athletisme, 18 rue Abdelaziz Mouzaoui, - Alger, B. P. Angolalse d'Athletisme, BOlte Postale - 643, Comercial, Lda Luanda, AngolaR.P.A. Anguilla Amateur Athletic Association, The Valley Anguilla W.!. " Antigua Amateur Athletic & Cycling Association, P.O. Box 747, St. John's, Antigua. Argentina de AtJetlsmo, Buard Irigoyen 396, 3260 C0!1cep\ion del Uruguay, Entre RIOs, Rea, Argentina. The Amateur Athletic Union of Australia, 377 Little Collins Street Melbourne, Victoria 3000, ' Australia. Osterreichischer LeichtathletikVerband, Vienne 1040, Prinz Eugenstrasse 12, Austria. Bahamas Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box, S.S. 5517, Nassau, Bahamas. 19

BAHRAIN (D) (1(74) BANGLADESH (D) (1973) BARBADOS (C) (1947) BELGIUM (A) ( Ig89) BELIZE (D) ( 1(56) BENIN (D) ( 1960) BERMUDA(D) (1946) BOLIVIA (C) ( 1(29) BOTSWANA (D) ( 1(72) BRAZIL (A) ( 1914) BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS (D) ( 1972) BRUNEI (D) ( 1(53) BULGARIA (AA) ( 1(24) BURMA (C) (1947)

Bahrain Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 5163, Manama, State of Bahrain. Bangladesh Amateur Athletic Federation, 19-20, National Stadium, Dacca-2, Bangladesh. Amateur Athletic Association of Barbados, P.O. Box 46, Bridgetown, Barbados, W.I. Ligue Royale Beige d'Athletisme, Rue Montagne-aux-Herbes Potageres 65, Bte 16, 1000 . Bruxelles, Belgium. Belize Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 937, Belize City, Belize, Central America. Federation d'Athletisme de Benin, B.P. 65, Porto-Novo, Benin. Bermuda Track & Field Association, P.O. Box 397Devonshire 4, Bermuda. Federaci6n Atletica de Bolivia, Casilla 7864, La Paz, Bolivia. Botswana Amateur Athletic Association, c/o The General Secretary, Private Bag 0077, Gaborone, Botswana. Confederal;ao Brasileira de Atletismo, Av. Graca Aranha, 81-Grupo 808/811, 20 030 - Rio de Janeiro, R.J. - Brazil. British Virgin Islands Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 223, Road Town, Tortola, B.Y.I. Brunei Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 1330, . Bandar Seri, Bagawan, Brunei. Federation Bulgare d'Athletisme, boul- Tolboukhin 18, Sofia, Bulgaria. Burma Track & Field Federation, Aungsan Memorial Stadium, Rangoon, Burma.

BURUNDI (D) ( 1960)

Federation d'Athletisme du Burundi, c/o le Departement des Sports, B.P. 1095, Bujumbura, Burundi. CAMEROONS (D) Federation Camerounaise ( 1959) d'Athletisme, B.P. 353 Yaounde, Republique U nie du Cameroun. CANADA (AA) Canadian Track and Field (1889) Association, 355 River Road, Tower "B", VanierCity, Ottawa, Ontario KIL 8Cl, Canada. YMAN ISLANDS Cayman Islands Amateur Athletic (Provision al) Association, P.O. Box 527, George Town, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands, British West Indies. CENTRAL AFRICAN Federation Centrafricaine EMPIRE d'Athletisme, B. P. 573, Bangui, (1962) E.C.A. CHILE (B) Federaci6n Atletica de Chile, Calle (1917) Santo Toribio 660, Casilla 820, Santiago de Chile, Chile. PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC Athletic Association of the OF CHINA (B) People's Republic of China, 9, (1924) Tiyukuan Road, Peking, China. reformed 1949 CHINA - TAIPEI (C) Chinese - Taipei Track & Field (1914) Association, 555 Chung-Hsiao E Road, Section 5, Taipei (\OS), Taiwan. COLOMBIA (B) Federaci6n Colombiana de ( 1937) Atlctismo, Calle 26, No. 17-44, Oficina 501, Apt. Aereo 6024, Bogota, Colombia. CONGO (D) Federation Congolaise 0(1962) d'Athletisme, B.P. 2158, Brazzaville, Republique Populaire du Congo. COOK ISLANDS (D) Cook Islands Sports Association (1962) (Inc), ,p.a. Mangaia, Cook Islands. COSTA RICA (D) Federaci6n Costarricense de ( 1960) Atletismo, Apartado 5009. San Jose, Costa Rica, CA. 21

Federacion Cubana de Atletismo, Calle 13 No: 601, Zona Postale 4, Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba. CZECHOSLOV AKIA Ceskoslovensky atleticky svaz, Na Po fief 12, 11530 Praha, (AA) (1897) Czechoslovakia. Dansk Athletik Forbund, Idraettens DENMARK (A) Hus, Brondby Stadion 20, DK-2600 (1907) Glostrup, Denmark. DEMOCRATIC Federacao Santomense de REPUBLIC OF SAO Atletismo, Caixa Postal No. 42 â&#x20AC;¢ 9 S Tome Republica, Democratica TOME PRINCIPE (Provisional) de Sao Tome E Principe. Federaci6n Dominicana de DOMINICAN Atletismo Aficionado, Estadio REPUBLIC (D) Olimpico "Juan Pablo Duarte", (1953) Santo Domingo D.N., Republica Dominicana. Federacion Ecuatoriana de ECUADOR (D) Atletismo, P.O. Box 4567, (1925) Guayaquil, Ecuador. EGYPT (A) Egyptian Amateur Athletic Federation, 13 Kasr El Nil Str., (1910) Cairo, Egypt. EIRE (A) Bord Luthchleas Na h'Eireann, (1937) 69 Jones Road, Dublin 3, Eire. ETHIOPIA (B) National Ethiopian Athletic Federation, Addis Ababa Stadium, (1961 ) p.a. Box 3241, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Fiji Amateur Athletic Federation, FIJI (D) G.p.a. Box 1175, Suva, Fiji. (1949) FINLAND (AA) Suomen Urheilulitto, Box 25202, 00250 Helsinki, 25, Finland. . (1906) FRANCE (AA) Federation FraO';aise d'Athletisme, 6 ( 1920) 10 rue du Faubourg Poissonnihe, " 75480 Paris Cedex 10, France. Federation Gabonaise d'Athletisme GABON (D) (1961 ) Amateur, B.P. 2266 Libreville, Republique Gabonaise. THE GAMBIA (D) The Gambia Amateur Athletic ( 1960) Association, clo P.O. Box 72, Banju\. The Gambia, West Africa. CUBA (AA) (1922)

GAZA (D) ( 1964)

Gaza Amateur Athletic Federation c/o P. O. Box 5499, Khaled Ben AI- ' Walid St., Shaker AI-Kazemi Bldg. No: 9, State of Kuwait. GERMAN Deutscher Verband fur DEMOCRATIC Leichtathletik der DDR 1005 REPUBLIC (AA) Berlin, Storkower 118 G.D.R. ' (1950) FEDERAL REPUBLIC Deutscher Leichtathletik Verband . OF GERMANY (AA) 6100 Darmstadt, Rheinstrasse 20a: '" (1898) Federal Republic of Germany. GHANA (B) Ghana Amateur Athletic (1944) Association, Sports Council of Ghana, P.O. Box 1272, Accra, Ghana. GIBRALTAR (D) Gibraltar Amateur Athletic (1954) Association, p.a. Box 284, Gibraltar. G.B. & N.r. (AA) British Amateur Athletic Board (1880) Francis House, Francis Street, , London SWIP IDL, England. GREECE (AA) Association Hellenique (1897) d'Athletisme Amateur (SEGAS), 3 rue G. Genadiou, Athens (142), Greece. GRENADA (D) Grenada Amateur Athletic & ( 1924) Cycling Association, P.O. Box 419, St. George's, Grenada, W.1. GUATEMALA (D) Federacion Na<;ional de Atletismo, ( 1945) Palacio de los Deportes. Guatemala City, Republique de Guatemala, CA. GUINEA (D) Federation Guineenne d'Atletisme (1959) Amateur, Ministere de la Jeunesse, des Arts et des Sport, B.P. 262. Conakry, Repub'lique de Guinee. GUYANA (C) Amateur Athletic Association of (1948) Guyana, Gym, Sandy Babb Street, KItty, Georgetown, Guyana. HAITI (D) Commission Nationale ( 1969) Haitienne d'Athletisme, c/o p.a. Box 1334, Port-au-Prince,Haiti.

22 23

Federaci6n Nacional Deportiva Extraescolar de Honduras, ( 19S I ) Apartado Postal 33l, Tegucigalpa, D.e, Honduras, C.A. Hong Kong Amateur Athletic HONG KONG (D) Association, G.P.O. Box 280, (1951) Hong Kong. Magyar Ath'Stikai Szovetseg, 1143 HUNGARY (AA) Budapest, D6zsa Gyorgy utca 1-3, (1877) Hungary. Frjalsiprottasamband Islands, P.O. to, ICELAND (B) Box 1099, Iprottamidstodinni . (1947) Laugardal, Reykjavik, Iceland. Amateur Athletic Federation of INDIA (AA) India, clo NIS Rajghat Coaching (1946) Centre, Opp. Rose Garden, Ring Road, New Delhi 2, India. Persatuan Atletik Seluruh INDONESIA (C) Indonesia (PASI). Jalan Menteng (1950) Raya 72, Jakarta Pusat, Indonesia. Iranian National Olympic IRAN (B) Committee, Amjadieh Stadium, (1936) Varzandeh Avenue No. 10, Tehran, Iran. Iraqi Amateur Athletic Federation, IRAQ (D) clo Tragi National Olympic (1057) CommIttee, p.a. Box 441, Baghdad, Iraq. Israeli Amateur Athletic ISRAEL (B) Association, P.O. Box 4575, (1931) 4 Marmorek St., Tel-Aviv 61044, Israel. Federazione Italiana di Atletica ITALY (AA) Leggera, viale Tiziano 70, 00100 (1906) Roma, Italy. Federation Ivoirienne . IVORY COAST (C) d'Athletisme, Boulevard (1960) Lagunaire, B.P. 2844, Abidjan 10, Ivory Coast. Jamaica Amateur Athletic JAMAICA (A) Association, p.a. Box 272, (1932) Kingston 5, Jamaica, W.I. HONDURAS (D)

JAPAN (AA) (1925)

Nippon Rikujo-Kyogi Renmei 1-11, Jinnan, Shibuya-Ku. Tokyo: 150, Japan. JORDAN (D) The Jordanian Amateur AthletIC (1961) p.a. Box 413, Amman, Jordan. KENYA (AA) Kenya Amateur Athletic (1951) Association, Gill House Moi Avenue, p.a. Box 46722 Nairobi, Kenya. ' Federation Khmere d'Athletisme KHMERE(D) Amateur, Complexe Sportif National, Phnom-Penh Republique Khmere. ' KOREA (A) Korean Amateur Athletic (1945) Federation, 19 Mookyo-Dong, Choong-Ku, Seoul, P.O. Box 566 K.W.M. Seoul, Korea. ' D.P.R. KOREA (C) Amateur Athletic Association of (1955) the Democratic People's Republic Moonsin-Dong 2, of Dongdarwon Dist. Pyongyang, DPR Korea. KUWAIT (B) Kuwait Athletic Federation, p.a. (1957) Box 5499, Khaled Ben AI-Walid St. Shaker AI-Kazemi Bldg., No: 9, State of Kuwait. LAOS (D) Federation d' Athletisme du Laos (1958) des Sports, B.P. 268, Vlenttane, Laos. LEBANON (C) Federation Libanaise d' p.a. Box 5601, Beyrouth, Liban. ' (1945) LESOTHO(D) Lesotho Sports Council, P.O. Box (1931) 138, Maseru, Lesotho. ;.fi.,IBERIA (C) Liberia Track & Field Federation Broad Street, P.O. Box 2273, , ll:1955) Monrovia, Liberia. LIBYA (C) Jamahiriya Amateur Athletic ( 1962) Federation, P.O. Box 879 Tripoli " LIECHTENSTEIN (D) Liechtensteiner Turn und (1936) Leichtathletikverband L.T. L. v., FL-9495 Triesen, Langcrasse 194 Liechtenstein. l:> '

,.,-

---------

PERU (B) (1918) PHILIPPINES (B) (1961) POLAND (AA) (1919) PORTUGAL (B) (1921 ) PUERTO RICO (B) (1947) PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF YEMEN (ADEN) (Provisional) QATAR(D) (1963)

Federaci6n Peruana de Atletismo, Estadio Nacional, Puerto 4, 2do. piso, Lima, Peru. Philippines Amateur Track & Field Association, Rizal Memorial Complex, M. Adriatico St., Manila, Philippines. Polski Zwiazek Lekkiej Atletyki, 00-372 Warszawa, Ul. Foksal19, Poland. Federa<;ao Portuguesa de Atletismo, Av. Infante Santo, 68-7°, F-Lisboa-3, Portugal. Federaci6n de Atletismo Aficionada de Puerto Rico, P.O. Box 800, San Juan, P.R. 00936. Yemenie Athletic Federation, clo The Supreme Council, P.O. Box 933, Crater, Aden, P.D.R.Y.

Qatar Amateur Athletic Federation, P.O. Box 2511, Doha, Qatar. ROMANIA (AA) Federatia Romana de Atletism, Str. Vasile Conta 16, 70139 (1912) Bucuresti, Romania. RWANDA(D) Federation Rwandaise des Sports, B.P. 1044, Kigali, Rwanda. (1973) St. Kitt's Amateur Athletic SAINT KITT'S (D) Association, P.O. Box 122, (1961) Basseterre, St. Kitt's, W.!. St. Lucia Amateur Athletic and SAINT LUCIA (D) Cycling Association, 20 Chisel (1978) Street, Castries, St. Lucia, W.!. SAINT VINCENT (D) St. Vincent Amateur Athletic Association, P .0. Box 474, (1955) Kingstown, S1. Vincent, W.!. EL SALVADOR (D) Federaci6n Salvadorena de Atletismo, Gimnasio Nacional y (1943) Edificio San CarIos 6° - Piso, Apartado Postal No: 759, San Salvador, El Salvador, C.A. 28

•

SAN MARINO (D) (1969)

Federazione Sammarinese di Atletica Leggera Palazzo del Turismo, 47031- Repubblica di San Marino. SAUDI ARABIA (C) Saudi Arabia Amateur Athletic (1963) Association, P.O. Box 5802 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. ' SENEGAL (D) Federation Senegalaise (1960) d'Athletisme, B.P. 1737, Dakar, Republique du Senegal. SEYCHELLES (D) Seychelles Amateur Athletic 1'(1977) Association, P.O. Box 398, Victoria Rep. of Seychelles. SIERRA LEONE (D) SIerra Leone Amateur Athletic (1951) Association, clo National Sports Council of Sierra Leone, Siaka Stevens Stadium, P.O. Box 1181 Freetown, Sierra Leone. ' SINGAPORE (D) Singapore Amateur Athletic (1934) Association, Newtown, P.O. Box 33, Singapore 9122. SOMALIA (D) Somalia Amateur Athletic (1959) Association, P.O. Box 523, Magadiscio, Somalia. SPAIN (A) Real Federaci6n Espanola de (1918) Atleti.smo, Calle Miguel Angel 16, MadrId (10), Spain. SRI LANKA (C) Amateur Athletic Association of Sri (1922) 368, Galle Road, Colombo 3, Sf! Lanka. SUDAN (C) Sudan Amateur Athletic (1959) Association, P.O. Box 2655, Khartoum, Sudan. SURINAME (D) De Surinaamse Atletiek Bond, p.a. Box 1758, Paramaribo Surin.ame (South America).' SWAZILAND (D) Swazlland Amateur Athletic (1969) Association, P.O. Box 838, Mbabane, Swaziland, Southern Africa. SWEDEN (AA) Svenska Fri-Idrottsforbundet (1895) Sofiatornet, Stadion S 11433 ' Stockholm, Sweden. '

SWITZERLAND (A) (1905)

Schweizerischer Leichtathletikverband, Case Postale 2233, CH 3001, Berne, Switzerland. Syrian Arab Amateur Athletic SYRIA (C) Federation, Box 421, Damascus, (1952) Syria. . Tanzania Amateur Athletic TANZANIA (B) Association, P.O. Box 2172, (1954) Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania, East Africa. Federation Tchadienne TCHAD (D) d'Athletisme, B.P. 187, (1963) N'Djamena, Tchad. A.A.A. of Thailand, National THAILAND (C) Stadium, Rama 1 Road, (1948) Pratomwan, Bangkok, Thailand. Federation Togolaise d'Athletisme, TOGO (D) B.P. 2299, Lome, Togo. (1963) Tonga Amateur Sports Association, TONGA (D) clo P.O. Box 80, Nuku'alofa, (1962) Tonga, South Pacific. TRINIDAD & National Amateur Athletic TOBAGO (B) Association of Trinidad & Tobago, (1945) 111 Eastern Main Road, St. Reformed 1970 Augustine, Trinidad, W.I. TUNISIA (B) Federation Tunisienne (1957) d'Athletisme, 13 rue de Cologne, 1002 Tunis Belvedere, Tunisia. TURKEY (A) Tiirkiye AmatOr Atletizm (1922) Federasyonu, Ulus Ishani A Blok Kat: 5,. Ankara, Turkey. TURKS & CAICOS (D) Turks & Caicos Amateur Athletic (1977) Association, Cockburn Town, Grand Turk, Turks & Caicos Islands, WJ. Uganda Amateur Athletic UGANDA (B) Association, P. O. Box 20077 , (1925) Lugogo-Kampala, Uganda. Light Athletic Federation of the U.S.S.R. (AA) U.S.S.R., Skatertnyi per4, Moscow (1945) G-69, U.S.S.R.

â&#x20AC;¢

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES (D) (1976) U.S.A.(AA) (1888)

U.A.E. Athletic Association, Abu Dhabi, Sports Association, P.O. Box 847, United Arab Emirates. The Athletics Congress of The U.S.A. (Inc.), P.O. Box 120, Indianapolis, Indiana 46206, U.S.A. UPPER VOLTA (D) Federation Voltaique (1961) d'Athletisme, B.P. 772. Ouagadougou, Republique du Haute Volta. Confederaci6n Atletica del f#!RUGUAY (B) ,1918) Uruguay, Casade losDeportes, Canelones 982, Montevideo, Uruguay. VANUATU (D)* VanuatuAmateur Athletic (1965) Federation, Box 666, Port Vila, *formerly New Hebrides Republic of Vanuatu. VENEZUELA (A) Federaci6n Venezolana de (1948) Atletismo, P.O. Box 29059, Caracas 102, Venezuela. VIETNAM (D) Association d'Athletisme Amateur (1951) de la Rep. Socialiste du Vietnam, No. 36, Boulevard Tran Phu, Hanoi, R.S. du Vietnam. VIRGIN ISLANDS (D) Virgin Islands Track & Field (1963) Federation, St. Thomas, Dronningens Gade No. 16, Virgin Islands 00801. WESTERN SAMOA Western Samoa Amateur Sports Federation (Inc.), P.O. Box 1176, (D) (1962) Apia, Western Samoa. YUGOSLAVIA (AA) Federation Yougoslave (1921) d' Athletisme, Stahinica Bana 73a, 11000 Beograd, Yugoslavia. Federation Zairoise d'Athletisme, 'AIRE (D) B.P. 1527 Kinshasa 1, Rep du (1949) Reformed 1963 Zaire. ZAMBIA (C) Zambia Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 30851, (1949) Reformed 1964 Lusaka, Zambia. ZIMBABWE (C)* Amateur Athletic Association of 901 ) Zimbabwe, P.O. Box 852, formerly Rhodesia Bulawayo, Zimbabwe.

RULE 2 The International Amateur Athletic Federation The LA.A.F. shall comprise duly elected governing bodies for amateur athletics which agree to abide by the rules and regulations of the LA.A.F. A Bureau shall be established in London to carry out the administration of the LA.A.F. in accordance with the decisions of Congress and Council. The location may be changed only with the approval of Congress.

DIVISION 11

I.A.A.F. CONSTITUTION

RULE 1 Definitions

NOTE.-Where appropriate the masculine gender shall include the feminine. and the singular shall include the plural.

RULE 3 Objects The objects of the Federation shall be: . 1.-To establish friendly and loyal co-operatIOn between all Members for the benefit of amateur athletics throughout the world. 2.-To strive to ensure that no racial, religious, political or other kind of discrimination be allowed in athletics, and to take all necessary measures to stop such discrimi.nation. 3.-To strive to secure that there shall be no hmdrance to the participation of any country or individual in international athletic competitions on racial, religious or {?olitical 4.-To compile rules and regulatIOns. governmg international competitions for men and women m amateur athletics. 5.-To ensure that all contests between Members, including Area and Group Championships or Games, shall be held under the laws and rules of the LA.A.F. 6.-To affiliate national governing bodies who shall then be the only National governing body for athletics which be recognised by the respe.ctive OlympIC Committee, where such a Committee eXists. 7.-To decide any dispute that may arise between 'Members, if called upon to do so. 8.-To co-operate the Organising of the Olympic Games in carrymg through the orgamsatlon of the athletic competitions, and, as delegated by the LO.C., to supervise and control all the technical arrangements. 9.-To frame regulations for the establishment of Worl.d and Olympic records, and such other amateur athletIc records as Congress agrees may be recognised.

.32

Athletics: Track and field athletics, road running, walking and cross country running. l.A.A. F.: International Amateur Athletic Federation.

Member: Any National Governing Body for amateur athletics affiliated to the I.A.A.F. l.O.c.: International Olympic Committee.

International Athletic Meetings: (a) Olympic Games and World Championships. . (b) Continental, Regional or Area or Games (open to all LA.A.F. Members m the Area or Region). (c) Group Games or Championships (i.e. other Championships or Games open to all athletes belonging to a defined group). (d) Matches between two or more Members, oJ combination of Members. (e) Other meetings specifically sanctioned by a Member so that foreign athletes may take part. 0,

RULE 1

It.

RVLES2-3

RULE 4 Membership I.-The National Governing Body for amateur in any country or territory shall be eligible for Only one Member for each country or may be affiliated, and such Member shall be recogmsed by the LA.A.F. as the only national governing body for all amateur athletics in such country or territory. . . The jurisdiction of Members shall be lImlt.ed to the political boundaries of the country or terntory they. represent. 2.-Application for membership, with .a copy of the Constitution and rules of the natIOnal govermng body, shall be submitted to the Council, which shall have power to elect to membership provisionally, pending confirmation at the next Congress meeting. 3.-Membership shall be divided into five groups and any new Member admitted to the LA.A.F. shall be placed in such group as the Congress may decide. The following grouping shall remain until altered by a subsequent Congress:GROUP "AA" (8 Votes) Australia Federal Republic Bulgaria of Germany Canada G1. Britain & Cuba N. Ireland Czechoslovakia Greece Finland Hungary France India German Democratic Italy Republic Japan

Argentina Austria Belgium Brazil Denmark Egypt

RULE 4

Kenya New Zealand Norway Poland Rumania Sweden U.S.S.R. U.S.A. Yugoslavia

GROUP "A" (6 Votes) Eire Pakistan Jamaica Spain Korea Switzerland Mexico Turkey Netherlands Venezuela Nigeria

Algeria Chile People's Republic of China Colombia Ethiopia Ghana Iceland

GROUP "B" (4 Votes) Iran Philippines Israel Portugal Kuwait Puerto Rico Luxembourg Tanzania Malaysia Trinidad & Tobago Morocco Tunisia Panama Uganda Peru Uruguay

pAfghanistan Bahamas Barbados Bolivia Burma China - Taipei Guyana Indonesia

GROUP "C" (2 Votes) Ivory Coast Saudi Arabia D.P.R. Korea Sri Lanka Lebanon Sudan Liberia Syria Thailand Libya Madagascar Zambia Mali Zimbabwe Papua New Guinea

Albania Angola* Anguilla Antigua Bahrain Bangladesh Belize Benin Bermuda Botswana British Virgin Islands Brunei Burundi ll=ameroons Jeayman Islands * Central African Empire Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador

GROUP "D" (l Vote) Fiji '. Gabon Gambia Gaza Gibraltar Grenada Guatemala Guinea Haiti Honduras Hong Kong Iraq Jordan Khmer Laos Lesotho Liechtenstein Malawi Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mongolia 35

Montserrat Mozambique Nauru Nepal Netherlands Antilles Nicaragua Niger Paraguay Qatar Rwanda St. Kitts St. Lucia St. Vincent El Salvador San Marino Sao Tome* Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Somalia Surinam RULE 4

Swaziland Tchad Togo Tonga Turks & Caicos Islands

United Arab Emirates Upper Volta Viet-Nam Vanuatu

Virgin Islands Western Samoa Yemen (PDR)* Zaire

4. The annual fees from each Member affiliated to the LA.A.F. shall be paid, in advance, by 1st January in accordance with the following scale:Group "AA" £100 Group "A" £60 Group "B" ......£30 Group "C" ......£10 Group "D" ......£51 Any Member whose subscription for the current year is unpaid on the 31st DECEMBER of that year shall be liable to be suspended at the discretion of the Council. No representative can be authorised to take part in any meeting of the Congress or Committees if the subscription of the Member he represents or belongs to is more than twelve months in arrears. Members shall not be permitted to organise or to take part in Area or Group Championships or Games if their subscriptions are in arrears. 5.-For the purpose of electing the LA.A.F. Council in accordance with Rule 6 (1), or any area Committee, Members are divided into the following Continental Areas:Algeria Angola* Benin Botswana Burundi Cameroons Central African Empire Congo Egypt Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea RULE 4

AFRICA (45) Ivory Coast Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Niger Nigeria Rwanda

SaoTome* Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Tchad Togo Tunisia Uganda UpperVolta Zambia Zaire Zimbabwe

•

ASIA (36) Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Khmer Korea D.P.R. Korea Kuwait Laos Lebanon Malaysia Mongolia Nepal

Pakistan Philippines Qatar Saudi Arabia Singapore Sri Lanka Syria Thailand United Arab Emirates Viet-Nam Yemen (PDR)*

Albania Austria Belgium Bulgaria Czechoslovakia Denmark Eire Finland France German Democratic Republic

EUROPE (32) Federal Republic of Germany Gibraltar Great Britain & N. Ireland Greece Hungary Iceland Italy Liechtenstein Luxembourg Malta

Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Rumania San Marino Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey U.S.S.R. Yugoslavia

Australia Cook Islands Fiji

OCEANIA (9) Nauru New Zealand Papua New Guinea

Tonga Vanuatu Western Samoa

Afghanistan Bahrain Bangladesh Brunei Burma People's Republic of China China - Taipei Gaza "Hong Kong Indonesia Iran

NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA (30) Cayman Islands* Jamaica Antigua Costa Rica Mexico Bahamas Cuba Montserrat Barbados Dominican Republic Netherlands Antilles Grenada Nicaragua Belize Bermuda Guatemala Puerto Rico British Virgin Islands Haiti St. Kitts Canada Honduras St. Lucia

RULE 4

- -

St. Vincent El Salvador Trinidad & Tobago Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia

Turks & Caicos Islands

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U.S.A. Virgin Islands

SOUTH AMERICA (13) Ecuador Peru Guyana Surinam Panama Uruguay Paraguay Venezuela

*Provisional Member. RULES Council I.-The Council shall consist of 19 members as under:(a) President (b) 4 Vice-Presidents (c) Honorary Treasurer (d) One Representative from each of the following six Area Groups:Africa North and Central America Asia Oceania Europe South America (e) Seven members elected as individuals. Not more than one member of the Council may come from anyone country. 2.-AIl nominations for the Council shall be sent to the General Secretary of the LA.A.F. not later than 3 calendar months prior to the date of the Congress at which elections will take place. Nominations can be made only by Members, and, in the case of an Area Group Representative, only by Members in that respectiv.e Group. . If, at the time of an election, there are fewer candidates there are vacancies, the President of the meeting may II1vlte Members present to submit additional nominations. 3.-(a) All elections for the Council shall take place at Congress by of secret ballots. Elections shall require an absolute majorIty of the votes cast on the first round and a simple majority on the second round. (Absolute majority equals half the votes cast plus one).

RULE 5

(b) Any unsuccessful candidate for any position may, if also so nominated, be included in a subsequent ballot for any other position. 4.-The elections shall be held in the following order:(i) President: . (ii) Four Vice-Presidents: All ballot papers to be valId must register votes for four candidates, no more anp no less. If there are 3 or 4 successful candidates from the same Area Group, then only the 2 with the most votes shall be declared elected, and in the next ballot only candidates from ,):the other Area Groups may participate. At its first meeting, the Council shall nominate one of the Vice-Presidents as Senior Vice-President for the purpose of presiding over the Council in the absence of the President. (hi) Honorary Treasurer: (iv) Area Group Representatives: A separate ballot shall be held for each Area Group and only those Members included in the Group under Rule 4 shall be eligible to vote.. (v) Individual Members: All ballot papers to be valId must register votes for seven candidates, no .more and no less. 4.-The term of office of the Council shall be four years . with the powers and duties as set out hereafter. 5.-The President and all other members of the Council shall serve until their successors are elected and take office. The Council which is elected at a Congress coinciding with the Olympic Games will not take office until after the Games. 6.-If, during the first two years of the term of office, a vacancy arises in the Council, for an individual member, a substitute shall be elected at the next Congress for the residuary period. . If, at any time, a position as Area Group RepresentatIve becomes vacant, through resignation or otherwise, the Bureau shall, after consultation with the Area Association koncerned, arrange for a ballot to be held within 3 months to a Representative to hold office until the next Congress. 7.-In the absence of the President, the Senior VicePresident shall preside over meetings of the Council. 8.-The President and each other member of the Council shall have a vote. The President, in the case of a tie in the voting, shall have a second or casting vote. 9.-The Council shall me'et at least once a year. Its powers and duties shall include the following:-

RULES

The Council may also appoint such honorary assistants as it may deem necessary for the purpose of administering the affairs of the LA.A.F. (n) To promote a Development programme for the benefit of Members requiring assistance in the training of coaches, judges, etc. (0) To nominate one or more Vice-Presidents or members of the Council to undertake special responsibility for the supervision of the Development Programme, or to perform any other special duties subject to the overall control of the Council. To appoint members of the Medical Committee, on the recommendation of the existing members of the Committee. (q) To appoint representatives of the LA.A.F. to the Federation Internationale de Medecine Sportive, Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne and other bodies of a similar nature.

(a) To administer the affairs of the LA.A.F. (b) To submit to each biennial Congress a report,

(e)

(d) (e)

(/) (g)

(h) (i)

(j) (k) (I)

(m)

together with audited statements of accounts and balance sheets for the preceding period, and a budget for the succeeding two years. To examine any proposals from members or Committees which are to be discussed at Congress, and to submit such reports thereon as they think fit. To submit to Congress any other proposals they may deem desirable. To make decisions in urgent matters relating to alt rules. Any such decisions must be reported to the nextt Congress. To a Special Congress to deal with any case of great importance requiring an urgent decIsIon. To decide any dispute that may arise between Members which may be referred to it by any of such Members. To grant provisional affiliation to new Members. To exercise the powers of Suspension and Reinstatement as set out in Rule 11. To notify Members of the imposition of any penalties by either Congress or Councll. To maintain a register of World, Olympic and such other amateur records as Congress may decide to recognise. To control and supervise the athletic technical organisation at the Olympic Games. To appoint Technical Delegates for the Olympic Games, World Championships and World Cup and the official LA.A.F. representative at Ar.ea or Group Games or Championships, or Matches. This representative shall, If possIble, be from the Council and shall ensuret . that LA.A.F. Rules are observed. To appoint the General Secretary, who should}lttend all meetings of the Council and of LA.A.F. Committees. The General Secretary shall be remunerated and shall not be entitled to vote. The General Secretary shall be responsible for the engagement of staff for the Bureau, with the approval of the President and Honorary Treasurer.

RULE 5

RULE 6 President, Vice-Presidents and Honorary Treasurer I.-The President shall preside at all meetings of Congress and Council and shall be an member of all Committees. 2.-ln the administration of the affairs of the Federation, the Council may delegate to the President and Honorary Treasurer power to act in a case of urgency in financial matters, provided that the Council is advised at the earliest opportunity of any action so taken. The President and Honorary Treasurer shall be entitled to indemnify themselves out of the funds of the Federation in respect of any loss so incurred. 3.-The Vice-Presidents shall occupy honorary positions, and have equal rights with other members of the Council other than the President) except that the Senior Vice; President shall preside over meetmgs of the Council in the absence of the President. RULE 7 Congresses I.-The Congress of the LA.A.F. shall consist of the Council, the Honorary Life-President, the Honorary Life Vice-Presidents and not more than three delegates from each Member. 41 RULES 5,6,7

it(

2.-A Member shall be represented only by its delegates. Notice of the appointment of delegates, certified in writing by the Member they represent, must be lodged with the General Secretary prior to the commencement of the Congress Meeting. A delegate shall be a citizen of the country he represents and shall not have competed as a professional; nor shall he have acted as a professional coach, unless his coaching activities have ceased for at least one year. A delegate shall represent only one Member. Council members do not have the right to represent their own country during the Congress. 3.-Members included in Group "AA" shall be entitled ta eight votes each; those in Group "A" to six votes each; those in Group "B" to four votes each; those in Group "C" to two votes each; and those in Group "D" to one vote each (See Rule 4 (3) for Groups of Membership). Only delegates of Members shall have power to vote and votes shall be recorded by one delegate only from each Member. NOTE.-Each delegation shall be provided with an official voting card, bearing [he number of votes to which that delegation is entitled. Unless a ballot is called for, voting shall be conducted by show of voting cards. 4.-Members shall be entitled to register votes as soon as their affiliation has been ratified by Congress. 5.--The Congress shall be convened biennially and the venue shall be fixed at the preceding meeting. 6.-Special Congress may be called by the Council, and shall be called if not less than one-third of the Members give notice in writing to the General Secretary stating they desire such a meeting and the reasons relating thereto. Upon receipt of any such notice, the General Secretary shall summon a meeting of the Congress within three months. 7.-.The President p:eside all Congress meetings; In hIS absence the Semor VIce-PreSIdent shall presi<Je. â&#x20AC;˘ Scrutineers for ballots shall be appointed from the delegates to Congress. 8.-0nly shall have. power to approve or alter any constItutIOnal rule. All additions, amendments or alterations to the Constitution Rules must obtain two-thirds of the votes cast and such two-thirds must also represent at least one half of the total voting power of the LA.A.F. RULE 7

9.-The Congress shall elect by secret ballot, for a period of four years unless otherwise decided by Congress, the following Committees: Technical Committee, Women's Committee, Walking Committee, Cross Country and Road Running Committee. Other Committees may be appointed by Congress as necessary. -The number of members of such committees and the functions, powers and duties of these bodies shall be in accordance with Rule 8. All nominations for these committees shall be sent to the _. General Secretary of the LA.A.F. not later than three :);alendar months prior to the date of Congress at which such elections will be made. 1O.-Continental, Area or Group Associations, Confederations or Committees may be formed for each of the six Groups listed under Rule 4 (5). In the case of Committees, these shall be elected by Regional Congresses and the result of all elections notified to the General Secretary. Each of such Associations, Confederations or Committees shall draw up its own rules relating to its constitution and powers (which shall in all cases be limited to operation within its own area and in no sense conflict with any LA.A.F. rule). These rules must be submitted to the Council for approval and referred to the next Congress for amendment or ratification. Regional Associations, Confederations or Committees shall render reports of their activities to Congress every two years. l1.-In recognition of valued services given to the LA.A.F., Congress shall be entitled to elect an Honorary Life-President and not more than three Honorary Life VicePresidents, without voting power. RULE 8 Committees All Committees shall meet when summoned by the lpeneral Secretary and their recommendations shall be to Congress. Individual members must come from different countries. (a) Technical Committee.-The Technical Committee, to whom all questions concerning competition rules shall be referred, shall consist of a Chairman and 15 individuals. (b) Women's Committee.-The Women's Committee, to whom all questions concerning women's athletics shall be referred, shall consist of a Chairman and 10 individuals.

RULES 7,8

-------

----------

(c) Walking .Committee.-The Walking Committee, to whom all. questIons Walking shall be referred, shall consIst of a Chairman and 10 individuals. (d) Cross Country and Road Running Committee.-The Cross. Country an? Road Running Committee, to whom all questIOns concerning C!OSS Country and Road Running shall be referred, shall consIst of a Chairman and 10 individuals from various countries. (e) Medical Committee.-The Medical Committee to whom all questions of a medical nature concerning referrt?d, shall consist of a Chairman and up to 12, indIVIduals, to Include as far as possible at least one represen-' tative from every Continent.

RULE 9 Languages At all Meetings each Member may speak in his own language. SImultaneous translations must be made in German, and Spanish, in addition to EnglIsh French. SI.ll.lUltaneous translation may be made from and mto any addItIonal language required if possible of and if the cost of this can be met by or on Member the additional language. The ConstitutIOn and the Rules and Regulations, Minutes, Reports and other communications shall be in such languages as the Council shall decide. In all cases of any difference in the interpretation of any text the English version shall be accepted. RULE 10 Alterations to Rules I.-Constitutional Rules. Proposals for alterations or additions to the constitutional rules of the LA.A.F. may be made only by a Member or by the Council and must reach, the General Secretary of the LA.A.F. at least six calendar months prior to the Congress at which they are to be considered. The proposals shall be sent to Members at least four mon.ths before such Congress. No proposals shall be conSIdered Without the notice specified herein. 2.-Technical rules. Proposals to amend the technical rules may be made only by a Member, by the Council, by members of the Council or by members of permanent comRULES 8, 9, 10

mittees, and must be sent to the General Secretarv ot the LA.A.F. so as to reach him at least six months prior to the Congress at which they are to be considered. He shall submit them to the appropriate committee for advice and recommendations. 3.-Alterations to the technical rules will normally only be considered by Congress every four years, at the time of the Olympic Games, and will not become effective until after the Games. Urgent proposals for alterations to the technical rules may, .. however, be made at any time and they must be discussed at ,_the next Congress, even if they reach the General Secretary , later than 6 months prior to Congress. A report containing the recommendations of the Technical Committee will be circulated to all Members at least three months before each Congress. 4.-When alterations to technical rules are adopted by Congress or decided upon by Council as an urgent matter under Rule 5, paragraph 9 (d), a fixed date for the operation of the said amendments must be stated, such date to allow adequate time for all member countries to put them into operation simultaneously.

RULE 11 Suspensions and Reinstatement I.-The Council shall have the power to suspend any Member, or athlete from international competition, until the next meeting of the Congress, and the Congress shall likewise have the power to suspend any Member, or athlete from international competition, for so long as shall be stated in its decision. Before exercising its powers under this rule the Council or tCongress must notify the Member or athlete (through the 'Member) of any alleged infringement of the Rules and afford an opportunity to the Member or athlete of being heard. 2.-0n the application of any Member, the Council may reinstate any athlete who by reason of any infringement of the LA.A.F. Rules has become ineligible to take part in competition under LA.A.F. Rules. Any application for reinstatement must be forwarded to the General Secretary of the LA.A.F. by the Member responsible for the athlete con-

RULES 10, 11

- - - - - - - - - - -

cerned. Such application shall give in detail the circumstanct:s leading to the ineligibility and the reasons advanced for remstatement. RULE 12 International Meetings-Competitors Competing Abroad-Qualifications of Competitors t.-At the following International Meetings the rules and regulations of. the LA.A.F. must apply:' (a) Games World Championships. (b) Contmental, RegIOnal or Area Championships or; Games, open to all LA.A.F. Members in the Area or Region. (c) qrouP. Games or Championships (i.e. other ChampIOnships or Games open to all athletes belonging to a defined group). (d) Matches between two or more Members or combination of Members. ' (e) Other meetings specifically sanctioned by a Member so that athletes. may ta\(e part. 2.-AI,1 InternatIOnal MeetIngs or any meetings in which any foreign athlete takes part must be sanctioned by the LA.A.F. or by a Member. Before sanctioning any International Meeting under 1 (e) must obtain from the promoter an undertakmg m wntmg:(a) that all LA.A.F. Rules and Regulations will be observed; (b) that in particular, the Rules relating to expenses will be strictly followed; (c) that all prizes will be of a lasting nature intended for the athlete himself, and shall not exceed the value of U.S,$250 (or its equivalent in other currencies); (d) that an of all such expenses paid will bCj forwarded WIthIn 30 days to the Member sanctioning' such a meeting, if requested by that Member. . 3.-No,athlete or club.may take part}n an athletic meeting 10 a fC?relgn country Without the wntten approval of his governmg body, and no shall allow any foreign to eI1;ter any competItIOn WIthout such permit certifymg that he IS an amateur and permitted to compete in the country concerned. RULES 11, 12

4.-1n approving the participation of an athlete at an athletic meeting in a foreign country, the Member should specify the number of days for which the athlete and any accompanying manager or coach is permitted to receive expenses and the daily allowance as detailed in Rule 14 "Expenses", paragraphs 1 and 2. After the meeting, the Member may request an account of expenses paid. , 5.-Any athlete competing in any foreign country (other than in international meetings as above defined) shall, in ;" respect to that competition, be subject to the athletic laws of that country. , 6.-All negotiations for the participation of an athlete in another country shall be carried on through the Members concerned and in no circumstances shall any invitation be extended directly or indirectly to an athlete by any individual, club, college, university or other organisation. The only exception to the foregoing shall be where a Member shall authorise one of its member clubs to communicate with the club of another country concerning the participation of one or more of its athletes, and such authorisation shall be granted on the express condition that the Member concerned is kept informed as to the context of the communications. 7.-Where an athlete of any member country receives a scholarship from an institution in another country, then as a condition to and before the athlete's governing body shall grant the permission to compete referred to in Rule 12 (3), the President of the institution granting the scholarship shall first submit to the Member, in whose country the educational institution is located, full and detailed information of the nature and extent of the scholarship aid furnished to the athlete, for transmission to the Member for the athlete's country. 8.-In Olympic Games and World Championships and in 'j Continental, Regional or Area Championships or Games (i.e. categories t(a) and l(b) of Rule 12) Members shall be represented only by citizens (by birth or naturalisation or registration) of the country which the affiliated Member represents, or by athletes otherwise acquiring citizenship by the procedure legally recognised in that country, except in the case of citizens of a colony, when they shall be eligible to represent the mother country in any such meeting, if such

RULE 12

colony is not represented by membership of the LA.A.F. Having once represented any Member in a meeting which comes within the categories defined in l(a) and l(b), no contestant may thereafter represent any other Member in such a meeting except in the following circumstances:(a) The incorporation of one country in another. (b) The creation of a new country ratified by treaty. (c) The election to membership of the I.A.A.F. of the national governing body of a colony not previously directly represented by a Member. (d) A change of citizenship of a woman by marriage. (e) Residence in a country for at least three years since: the date when the athlete last represented another if there are legal provisions for acquirmg CItIzenship of that country, compliance with such provisions. The period of residence may be reduced to one year, if the two Members concerned agree, and if the Council of the LA.A.F. approves. 9.-Athletes from a National Federation or some other Athletics Organisation which is not an affiliated Member of the LA.A.F. may compete in any competition except for met?tings listed under paragraph 1 (a) and (b) of Rule 12 agamst athletes under the jurisdiction of a Member ' (a) that the Federation or Organisation concerned is not at that time suspended by the LA.A.F. or excluded from particular categories of competition; (b) that the athletes concerned are amateurs; (c) that the prior permission of the Council is given upon the application of the Member in the country or tercompetition is to take place, or of the ritory Member wIshmg to send athletes to compete in a nonMember country or territory; (d) that where the competition is help in a non-Member country or territory, the Member must obtain an undertaking from the organising body that in all otherl respects, the rules of the LA.A.F. will be observed. RULE 13 World, Area and Group Championships l.-:-The LA.A.F. alone shall have the right to organise or sanctIOn World, Area or Group Championships for Athletics. RULES 12, 13

2.-The LA.A.F. shall organise World Championships in Athletics in the third year of each Olympiad. 3.-Sanction of the LA.A.F. is required, unless the LA.A.F. Council decides otherwise, for all Area or Group Championships or Games, for Inter-Continental matches and for any other athletic meetings in which teams from five or more countries participate except where otherwise provided by the Rules. The application for a permit must be made to the LA.A.F., accompanied by a fee of ÂŁ25 sterling ,(or its equivalent in <?ther currencies) by the .sponsoring JMember fOT sanctIon except for the Ga!""es. " All applIcatIon forms must be completed m detail and lodged at the headquarters of the LA.A.F. not later than twelve months prior to the date of the Championships or Games in question. "Organising Committees must ensure that countries to whom invitations are sent are in membership of the LA.A.F. and any other country wishing to participate must apply to the LA.A.F. for membership, which must have been granted prior to their entry being accepted. Such applications must be received at least three months before the date of the opening of the promotion concerned. The LA.A.F. shall not sanction any Area or Group Championships or Games without first having obtained an unqualified undertaking that the necessary permission for visiting athletes and officials to enter the country where the competition is to be held will be forthcoming sufficiently far ahead to enable them to travel and compete at the Championships or Games. Should it subsequently transpire that these undertakings cannot be fulfilled, the Competition shall be transferred to another country which can fulfil the guarantee. 4.-The LA.A.F. shall designate a representative to attend every meeting where a Permit is required at the of the organisers to ensure that the rules and regula'tions of the LA.A.F. are complied with. The travelling expenses of this representative shall be paid to him by the Organisers not later than fourteen days prior to his departure to the venue. The choice of airline shall be left to the discretion of the representative and in cases involving flights over one thousand five hundred miles, first class return air travel shall be provided. Accommodation expenses shall also be paid by the Organisers not later than the final day of the

RULE 13

championships or the athletic section of the games. Such representative shall render his report to the LA.A.F. within thirty days thereafter.

(b) Insurance cover for accidents, illness, disability and

personal property;

(e) Cost of medical treatment and physiotherapy; (d) Coaches and trainers authorised by the national

governing body. If an athlete is authorised to avail himself of the services of a doctor for medical treatment or a masseur or coach, accounts should be submitted and payments made direct to the doctor, masseur or coach and not through the athlete.

RULE 14 Expenses I.-The following rules shall apply to expenses allowed to athletes competing in International Meetings under Rule 12 (1):These shall be limited to the daily allowance and to the, actual outlay for transport, travel, insurance, meals, lodging and in case of hardship a subvention for loss of earnings during the time of the competition. (a) Expenses payable in respect of Meetings under Rule 12 (1) (a), (b), (c), Cd) and (e) shall be a matter for decision by the Member or Members concerned. 2.-The daily allowance for the out-of-pocket expenses to athletes must not exceed V.S. $10 or its equivalent in other currencies, payable for the minimum time they are required to be absent from home. 3.-(a)National governing bodies must strictly control all financial transactions. (b) The athlete's own national governing body may authorise the national governing body under whose jurisdiction he is for the time being competing to refund to the athlete travelling expenses as defined in paragraph 1. 4.-Payment of travelling expenses in respect of competition under Rule 12, paragraph 1 (e) is limited to a total of 60 days in each calendar year.

,"'_

RULE 16 Subventions to Assist Athletes I.-Where a National Governing Body, after full investigation, considers it appropriate, it may provide, or arrange for the provision of a subvention to an athlete to assist him in the expenses incurred in training for or participation in any competition under Rule 12 (1), paragraphs (a) to (e). 2.-An athlete must not accept any subvention without the prior permission in writing of his National Governing Body. 3.-The Council of the LA.A.F. may request information from Members concerning the payments of any such subventions.

RULE 15 Provision of Equipment and Services Athletes may accept assistance in the form of and services required for training and competition, subject to the control of the national governing body. Such assistance is limited to the following items:(a) Sports equipment and clothing; When manufacturers are prepared to provide free issues of implements or personal equipment, distribution shall be controlled through the national governing body.

RULE 17 Advertising within the Arena At International meetings within Categories l(a), (b) and (e) of Rule 12, advertising within the arena enclosed by the running track or elsewhere where competition is taking place is not permitted. Manufacturers' labels or trade marks on equipment used within the competition arena must be limited to one mark on each piece of equipment and the 'theight of the characters must not exceed 25 mm. At meetings the above categories, however, where manufacturers have supplied electronic equipment for measuring or timekeeping, or for conveying mformation to the public, at the discretion of the Organising Committee, the manufacturer's name may appear in the arena on signs which do not exceed 200 cm x 40 cm. There is no objection to advertising material outside the stadium, or inside the stadium but outside the competition

RULES 13, 14, 15

"'-,

RULES 15, 16, 17

- - - - -

---

- - -

area. Advertisements may also appear in programmes and on notices or posters of the meeting. Meeting organisers may also acknowledge the sponsors of meetings by official announcements made at the commencement of the meeting and immediately after the last event.

ELIGIBILITY AND AMATEUR STATUS RULE 51 Definition of Amateur , An amateur is one who competes for the love of sport andP; as a means of recreation, without any motive of securing any material gain from such competition.

RULE 52 Restriction of Competition to Amateurs Competition under LA.A.F. rules is restricted to amateur athletes who are under the jurisdiction of a Member, and who are eligible to compete under LA.A.F. rules.

RULE 53 Ineligibility for International Competition The following persons are ineligible to take part in competitions under LA.A.F. rules. Any person who:(i) has taken part in any athletic meeting in which any of the competitors in any of the events, were, to his knowledge, ineligible to compete under LA.A.F. Rules. This does not apply to any athletic meeting which is restricted to the Veteran age groups (40 years and over for men and 35 years and over for women); (ii) takes part in any athletic meeting which is not. sanctioned, or by the Member in the country m WhICh the event IS held; (iii) is, and for so long as he remains, ineligible to compete in competitions under the jurisdiction of his national governing body; (iv) uses drugs as defined in Rule 144 ("Doping"); (v) has competed in any sport or has taught, trained or coached in any sport for any pecuniary reward; RULES 17, 51, 52, 53

- - -

----

The Council is empowered, however, to declare eligible any person who has received pecuniary rewards in a sport other than athletics, if it is satisfied that the practice of that sport is not of direct help for any athletic event.

NOTE.-Physical education teachers whose work is solely educational and who are not paid directly or indirectly for the coaching of athletes for competitions are eligible to compete as amateurs.

(vi) has at any time been financially interested in any athletic meeting in which he was entered; " -' (vii) writes, lectures or broadcasts for payment upon any track or field event or competition without the prior permission in writing of his national governing body. This permission must be given only in the case of a person who is genuinely making a career in that particular activity; (viii) allows his name, picture or athletic performance to be used for advertising, except when this is connected with a contract for sponsorship or equipment entered into by his national governing body, and any resulting payment or benefit goes to the national governing body and not the individual; (ix) while competing displays on his person any advertising material other than the accepted name of his club or organisation, or takes on to any arena or course any form of advertising material. This rule shall apply to the clothing and travelling bags, but does not apply to articles not clearly visible, nor to competitors' number cards provided that rule 142 para 5 is complied with;

i, J

Where Members authorise contracts with commercial sponsors for the addition of lettering on number cards, Members are recommended not to permit this lettering to exceed 150 mm x 25 mm and to ensure that the same style or number is issued to all competitors. (See also Rule 142 para 5).

(x) accepts directly or indirectly any money or other consideration for expenses or loss of earnings, other than what is permitted under Rules 14, 15 and 16; (xi) enters into a contract or agreement to compete as a professional athlete.

NOTE.-Suspensions and Reinstatement-see Rule 11. 53

RULE 53

......

RULE 54 Guarantee by National Governing Body In any competition under LA.A.F. Rules, the eligibilitx of an athlete competing shall be guaranteed by the governmg body of the country to which the athlete belongs.

DIVISION III ATHLETIC RULES for MEN'S AND WOMEN'S INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIONS NOTE.-Alterations to Competition rules approved by Congress in 1980 are indicated by vertical lines in the page margins. All such changes come into force on 1st April, 1981. (Timekeeping Rules-1st January, 1981). RULE 101 All international competitions, as defined in Rule 12 , para 1, shall be held under the rules of the International Amateur Athletic Federation and this shall be stated in all announcements, advertisements, programmes and printed matter. The rules as laid down shall be applicable to men's and women's competitions. NOTE.-It is recommended that National Associations should adopt the rules of the I. A. A. F. for the conduct of their own athletic meetings.

SECTION I OFFICIALS AND THEIR DUTIES RULE 111 Officials of the Meeting The list laid down in this rule comprises those officials considered to be necessary for principal international meetings. The organisers are at liberty to vary this where local circumstances require. MANAGEMENT OFFICIALS

One Manager One Secretary One Technical Manager (Clerk of the Course) JURY OF ApPEAL. COMPETITION OFFICIALS

One (or more) Referees for Track Events One (or more) Referees for Field Events One Referee for Running Events Outside the Stadium One Referee for Walking Events

RULE 54

RULES lOt, t II

Four lor morel Judges for Track Events Four or more Judges for Field Events Four or more Judges for Walking Events Four or more) Umpires for Track Events Three (or more) Timekeepers One !or morel Starters One or more Recallers One or more Starter's Assistants or Marksmen One (or more Lap Scorers One Recorder One Marshal One (or more) Wind Gauge Operators One Chief Photofinish Judge Two Assistant Photofinish Judges One (or more) Measurements Judges (Electronics)

prepare all minutes relating thereto. He shall be in charge of all administrative arrangements, and shall receive and conduct all principal correspondence relating to the Meeting. RLJLE 114 The Technical Manager (Clerk of the Course) The Technical Manager shall act directly under the Manager of the Meeting and be responsible for seeing that the track, runways, circles, arcs, sectors and landing areas for "field events are properly laid out, also that all equipment is to specification and readily available for approval .by the appointed Referee, and that scoring, result and time recording cards are prepared.

See also Rule 127.

ADDITIONAL OFFICIALS

RULE 115 Jury of Appeal In Area or Group Games or Championships, a Jury of Appeal, which should normally consist of not less than three nor more than five persons, shall be appointed. The primary function of the Jury shall be to deal with all protests under Rule 147, and with any other matters arising during the course of the meeting which are referred to them for decision. Their decision shall be final. While in general the Jury should not intervene in the course of a meeting, if they observe any matter which, in their opinion, requires correction, they should discuss such matter with the responsible official and offer advice as to what should be done. Decisions involving points which are not covered by the Rules shall be reported subsequently by the President of the Jury to the General Secretary of the I.A.A.F. See also Rule 147 "Protests".

One (or more) Announcers One Official Surveyor One (or more) Doctors Stewards for Competitors, aI!d Press. . Referees and Chief Judges should be mdIcated by a dIStinctive armband or badge. If deemed necessary, assistants may be appointed. Care should however be taken to keep the arena as free from officials as possible. . Where women's events are held, there shall be appomted a woman doctor when possible. RULE 112 The Manager The Manager shall have charge of the Meeting and be responsible for the proper carrying out of the programme. He shall see that all officials have reported for duty and when necessary shall appoint substitutes, and in witq the appointed Marshal, arrange that only authonsed persons are allowed in the centre of the arena.

r, .,

RULE 113 The Secretary The Secretary shall ,?e responsible for calling of the meetings of the executive and other commIttees, and shall

RULE 116 Referees 1.-A separate Referee shall be appointed for track events, for field events and for events outside the stadium. When electronic measuring devices are used for distance throws, one or more Measurement Judges (Electronics) shall be nominated.

RULES Ill, 112, 113

RULES)13, 114, 115, 116

2.-It shall be the responsibility of a Referee to see that the rules are observed and decide any technical points which arise during the Meeting, and for which provision has not apparently been made in these rules. The Referee shall have jurisdiction to decide any placings in a race, only when Judges of the disputed place or places are unable to arrive at a decision. 11 The Referee shall on no account act as a Judge or Umpire. See Rufes 117 and 118 for the duties ofJudges and Umpires.

3.-Referees shall allocate Judges to particular events this has not been previously arranged, specifying the duty' each should carry out (e.g. circle, take-off board etc.); announce to the Judges and ensure that the competitors are informed of the number of trials to be allowed under the rules even if this has been printed in the programme; supervise the measurements of performances; check the final results and deal with any disputed points. See also Rule 117 (1).

4.-The appropriate Referee shall decide on the ground any protest or objection as to the conduct of the competition. The Referee shall have the power to warn or exclude any competitor for improper conduct from the corresponding competition. Warnings may be indicated to the athlete by showing a yellow card, exclusion by showing a red one. Warnings and exclusions shall be entered on the competition card. 5.-1f in the opinion of the Referee circumstances arise at any meeting so that justice demands that any event should be contested again, he shall have power to declare the event void and such events shall be held again, either on the same day or on some future occasion, as he shall in his absolute discretion decide. See also Rule 142 (6). t 6.-The Referee shall have power to the place of the competition in any field event, if in his opinion the conditions justify a change. Such a change shall be made only after a round is completed. 7 .-Upon completion of each event the result card shall be immediately filled in, signed by the Referee and handed to the Recorder. See also Rule 124.

RULE 116

RULE 117 Judges

General I.-Subject to the rules laid down by the National Association and except in the case of the Olympic Games and World Championships, the organisers of the meeting various events. The Referee shall appoint the Judges for shall allocate the duties among the Judges. Track Events, and Road Events finishing on the Track. 2.-The Judges, who must all operate from the same side <ef the track, shall decide the order in which the competitors finish, and in any case where they cannot arrive at a decision shall refer the matter to the Referee, who shall decide. NOTE I.-The Judges should be placed at least five metres from and in line with the finish, and in order that they may have a good view of the finish line, an elevated stand should be provided. 2.-A photo-finish apparatus should be available for use whenever possible as an aid to the Referee and Judges. (See Rule 119 para 3). 3. -See also Rule 120 paragraph 3 for duties of "Chief Photofinish Judge". Field Events 3.-The Judges shall judge, measure and record each valid trial of the competitors in all events in which the result is determined by height or distance. In the high jump and pole vault, precise measurements should be made when the bar is raised, particularly if records are being attempted. At least two Judges should keep a record of all trials, checking their recordings at the end of each round. The appropriate Judge shall indicate the validity or nonvalidity of a trial by raising a white or red flag as the case may be. RULE 118 Umpires (Track Events) I.-Umpires are assistants to the Referee, without power to give any decisions. 2.-It shall be the duty of an Umpire to stand at such point as the Referee may determine to watch the competition closely and, in case of a foul or violation of the rules by a competitor or other person, to make an immediate written report of the incident to the Referee.

','

RULES 117, 118

3.-Any such breach of the rules should be indicated by the raising of a flag. 4.-A sufficient number of Umpires should also be apRointed to undertake the duties of supervision in relay races at the take-over points.

NOTE.-When an umpire observes that a runner has run in a different lane from his own, he should immediately mark on the track with adhesive tape where the runner ran outside his lane. RULE 119 Timekeepers I.-Two methods of timekeeping shall be recognised as official:- hand timing (Rule 119) and fully automatic electrical timing (Rule 120).

Hand timing:

2.-Hand times shall be taken by timekeepers using either stolJwatches or manually operated electronic timers with digItal readouts. All such timing devices are included in the word "watches" throughout this rule. 3.-Three official timekeepers (one of whom shall be the Chief Timekeeper) and one or two additional timekeepers shall time the winner of every event. The times recorded by the additional Timekeeper's watches shall not be considered unless one or more of the official Timekeepers' watches fails to record the time properly, in which case the additional Timekeepers shall be called upon, in such order as has been decided previously, so that in all races three watches should have recorded the official winning time. Whenever possible, times for all finishers, lap times in races of 800 m and over, and times at every 1000 m in races of 3000 m and over, shall be recorded, either by additional Timekeepers or by first place Timekeepers using watches t capable of taking more than one time. 4.-Each Timekeeper shall act independently and withoul showing his watch to, or discussing his time with, any other person, enter his time on the printed form, and after signing the form, hand it to the Chief Timekeeper, who may examine the watches to verify the reported times. 5.-The Chief Timekeeper shall then decide what is the official time for each competitor, applying, as necessary, the provisions of this rule and provide the result for publication. RULES 118, 119

6.-In the event of two of the three official watches agreeing and the third disagreeing, the time shown by the two shall be the official time. If all three watches disagree, the middle time shall be official. Should only two times be available, and if they disagree, the longer time shall be official. 7.-For all hand-timed races on the track the times shall be returned to 1I1Oth second. The times for races partly or entirely outside the stadium shall be converted to the next longer full second, i.e. for the Marathon 2h.09:44.3 shall be returned as 2hr.09:45. ; If the hand of the watch stops between two lines indicating the time, the longer time shall be accepted. If a 1I100th second watch, or an electronic manually operated digital timer, is used, all times not ending in zero in the second decimal shall be rounded to the next longer 1I1Oth second, i.e. 10.11 shall be read as 10.2. 8.-The time shall be taken from the flash/smoke of the pistol or approved starting apparatus to the moment at which any part of the body of the competitor (i.e. torso, as distinguished from the head, neck, arms, legs, hands or feet) reaches the perpendicular plane of the nearer edge of the finish line. 9.-The Timekeepers shall be in line with the finish and outside the track. Wherever possible, they should be placed at least five metres from the outside lane of the track. In order that they may all have a good view of the finish line, an elevated stand should be provided. RULE 120 Photo-Finish Judges

Fully Automatic Electrical Timing: I.-Fully automatic electrical timing must utilise equipwhich is started automatically and which records the .â&#x20AC;˘)nish time automatically. All other timing devices and procedures shall either be considered hand times or shall be unacceptable. 2.-Fully automatic timing equipment must be approved by the National Association of the country where the competition iG held. It must be started automatically through a contact on the Starter's pistol, or any similar apparatus, at the instant of the flash from the charge. 61

RULES 119, 120

The finish must be recorded through a camera, with a slit, positioned in the extension of the finish line, on a cont1Ouous film by a photo-finish procedure. The film must also be synchronised with a uniformly marked time-scale graduated in 1I100ths of a second. The times and places should be read from the film with a special device guaranteeing perpendicularity between the time-scale and the reading line. The time should be read to the next longer lI100th of a second. 3.-The Chief Photo-finish Judge shall be responsible for the functioning of the timing device. In conjunction with his two Assistants, he shall determine the places of the petitors and their respective times. 4.-If possible, there should be at least two photofinish cameras in action, one from each side. (NOTE: Where any possibility exists of failure of the timing device, hand times should be taken by back-up Timekeepers.) 5.-Fully automatic electric times shall be regarded as official unless for any reason the Chief Timekeeper decides that they obviously must be inaccurate. If such is the case the times of the back-up Timekeepers shall be official. ' 6.-Fully automatic timekeeping equipment shall be used at all meetings under Rule 12 paragraph 1 (a) and wherever possible, (b) and (c). ' 7.-For all races up to and including 10,000 m, the time shall be read from the photo-finish picture in 1I100th second and shall be recorded in 1I100th second. For all races on the track longer than 10,000 m, the time shall be read in 1I100th second and shall be converted to the next longer lI10th second and recorded in lI1Oth, i.e. for 20 km, 59:26.32 shall be recorded as 59:26.4. For all races partly or entirely outside the stadium the time shall be read in 1I100th second and shall be converted to the next longer whole second, i.e. for Marathon, 2h. 09:44.3t shall be recorded as 2h. 09:45. 8.-A timing device which operates automatically at either the start or the finish, but not at both, shall be considered to produce neither hand nor fully automatic times and shall not therefore be used to obtain official times.

RULE 121 The Starter and Recallers I.-The Starter shall have entire control of the competitors on their .marks, and shall be the sole judge of any connected WIth the start of the race, except as provided III (4) below. The Starter shall ascertain that the Timekeepers and Judges are ready,. 2.-ln all races started in lanes, the Starter should use a to relay his commands to loudspeakers for the runner m each lane. Where such a device is not used the ,jtarter shall so place himself that the distance between' him and each of the competitors is approximately the same. Where, however, the Starter cannot place himself in such a position, the pistol or approved apparatus should be placed there and discharged by electric contact. See also Rule 162 "The Start and Finish". . 3.-,During the races one or more Recallers shall be proVIded m order to assist the Starter. NOTE.-For events of 200 m, 400 m, 400 m Hurdles, 4 x 100 m and 4 x 400m, it is advisable to provide two Recallers. Recaller(s) shall assist in the supervision of the regu]anty. of the stat:t. In case of any start which does not comrly WIth the reqUIrements for a correct start, he shall give the of a recall by firing a pistol. A sign of recall can also be gIven by the Starter. See also Rule 162, Paragraph 8. 5.-The Recaller(s) shall place himself (themselves) so he (they) may see equally each competitor assigned to hIm (them). 6.-The warning and disqualification included in Rule 162 may be applied only by the Starter.

NOTE.-See also Rule 148 for World Records and Rule 195, paragraph 6 (b), for Heptathlon and Decathlon events.

RULE 122 Starter's Assistants Tt I.-The Starter's Assistants shall check that the com';;etitors are competing in the correct heat or race and that their numbers are worn properly, one on the breast and one on the back. Stations in events at all distances shall be numbered from left to right, facing the direction of running. 2:-They mus.t place each competitor in his correct lane or statIon, the on an assembly line three metres behmd the startmg hne (m the case of races started in echelon, similarly behind each starting line), and when so

RULE 120

RULES 121, 122

placed they shall signal to the Starter that all is ready. When a fresh start is ordered the Starter's Assistants shall assemble the competitors again. 3.-The Starter's Assistants shall be responsible for the readiness of batons for the first runners in a relay race. 4.-When the Starter has ordered the competitors to their marks, the Starter's Assistants must see that no competitor places either fingers? hands or. feet on the li.ne or i? front of it. If any dIfficulty anses they must sIgnal ImmedIately to the Starter. See also Rule 162 "The Start and the Finish". RULE 123 Lap Scorers I.-A Lap Scorer shall keep a record of the laps covered by each competitor in races from 1500 to 5000 metres. For races exceeding 5000 metres and for Walking events a number of Lap Scorers under the direction of the Referee shall be appointed and provided with lap scoring cards on which they shall record the times over each lap (as given to them by an official Timekeeper) of the competitors for whom they are responsible. No Lap Scorer should record for more than four competitors (six in the case of Walking events). 2.-A special Lap Scorer shall be appointed to notify to each competitor the number of laps which he still has to complete. He shall notify the final lap by the ringing of a bell or otherwise. RULE 124 The Recorder The Recorder shall collect the result of each even, together with times or heights or shall b'L furnished to hIm by the Referee and the ChIef TImekeeper as well as the information provided by the Wind Gauge operator. He shall as soon as possible communic.ate the information to the Announcer and, after recordIng the placings, times, heights or distances, he shall hand the official result together with all cards to the Manager of the meeting. See Rule //6. (7) and Rule /26. RULES 122, 123, 124

RULE 125 The Marshal The Marshal shall have full charge of the arena and shall not allow any persons other than the officials,. and c0!TIpetitors assembled to compete, to en.ter and remaIn. He shall control his assistants and assIgn to them theIr dutIes. He shall arrange for an enclosure to be provided for officials when not on duty. RULE 126 The Announcer The Announcer shall give out to the public the names and numbers of the competitors taking part m event, and all relevant information such as the composItion of the heats, lanes or stations drawn, and intermediate times. The result (placings, times, heights and distances) of each event be announced at the earliest possible moment after receIpt of the information from the Recorder. See also Rule 124.

)

RULE 127 The Official Surveyor The Track and distances which are to be contested, as well as the circles, arcs, sectors and other measurements relating tOI the Field events, shall have been measured in advance by an official surveyor. He shall furnish to the Technical Manager and the Referee, before the Meeting, certificates as to correctness. See Rule 145. RULE 128 The Wind Gauge Operator . The wind gauge operator shall ensure that the ga';1ge is in accordance with Rule 149. He shall ascertaIn .the velocity of the wind in the running direction in appropnate events and shall then record and sign the results obtained and communicate them to the Recorder.

RULES 125, 126, 127, 128

SECTION II RULES FOR COMPETITION RULE 141 Entries l.-Competitions under LA.A.F. Rules are restricted to amateurs in accordance with the LA.A.F Rules relating to the eligibility of athletes to compete. See Rules 51-54. 2.-No competitor shall be allowed to compete outside his own country unless his amateur status is guaranteed in writing by the National Federation of his country, and he has permission from such body to compete. In all internationai competitions, such guarantee of the amateur status of an athlete shall be accepted as conclusive, for the time being, of the athlete's eligibility to compete; any objection as to his status shall be referred to the LA.A.F.

(2) he or she qualified in preliminaries or for further participation in an event but then did not compete further without giving a valid reason. . NOTE.-A fixed time for the final confirmatlOn of starters should be published in advance.

(1) a final confirmation was given that the athlete would start in an event but then he or she failed to participate without giving a valid reason, so that it was not practicable to delete the name officially from the list of starters for that event;

RULE 142 The Competition I.-No performance by. an athlete. will be valid unless it has been accomphshed dunng an offiCial comthe athletes using only equipment authorised by the rules of the LA.A.F. 2.-In matches arranged between Members, the number of trials in the jumping and throwing events may be as desired; any such arrangement should be made preVIOUS to the meeting. Clothing . ., 3.-In all events competitors must wear IS clean and so designed and worn as not to .be obJ.ecu<.mable. The clothing must be made of a matenal which is nontransparent even if wet. . . In Olympic Games any .Area Ga.mes or competitors shall partICipate m the umform clothmg offiCially approved by their National Federation. Shoes and Spikes . . 4.--Competitors may compete in bare feet or With wear on one or both feet. The purpose of shoes for competition is to give protection and stability to the feet and a firm grip on the ground. Such shoes, how.ever, must be constructed so as to give the competitor any additional assistance, and no spring or device of any kind .may b.e incorporated in the shoes. A shoe strap over the mstep is permitted. ÂĽ'lumber of Spikes . The sole and the heel of the shoes may have spikes. The number of spikes is limited to .a maximum o! six in the s?le proper and two in the heel, With the exception of the High Jump and the Javelin Throw, where a maximum of four spikes in the heel is permitted. NOTE.-Provisions may be made on the sole and heels for changing the position of the spikes, always prOVided that the maximum number is not exceeded.

Women's Events all under Rule 12, 1 (a), (b) and (c). the Orgamsmg CommIttee shall appoint a panel of three medical doctors. Every entry for women's events must be accompanied by a certificate issued under the provisions of Rule 141 (4) or by a photostat copy thereof, or the competitor will be required to appear before the Medical Panel appointed to act at the meeting concerned. 4.-When an athlete has app'eared before such a Medical Panel and been declared eligIble to compete in Women's events, the Panel shall forward to the LA.A.F. the name of this athlete for inclusion on a Central Register. Upon request from the National Federation, the LA.A.F. will issue a certificate in respect of any athlete whose name appears on the Register. Failure to participate S.-At all meetings under Rule 12, 1 (a), (b) and (c), it that a be excluded from participa: tIOn m further events, mcludmg relays, in cases where:

RULE 141

RULES 141, 142

Length of spikes The part of each spike which projects from the sole or the heel must not exceed 25 millimetres in length or 4 millimetres in diameter. a competition is conducted on an all-weather synthetIc track, the part of each spike which projects from the sole or the heel must not exceed 9 millimetres with the exception of the.High and the Javelin Throw, where the part of each spIke WhICh projects from the sole or the heel must not exceed 12 millimetres. The Sole and the Heel S . The S?le and/or the heel may also have grooves, ridges, mdentatIons or protuberances, that any ridges or protuberances are constructed of the same or similar material to the basic sole itself. Such ridges or protuberances are to be regarded as part of the sole, the total thickness of which must not exceed 13 millimetres. The thickness of the heel, including any ridges or protuberances, must not exceed that of the sole by more than 6 millimetres except in walking events, where shoes may be worn of which the thickness of the heel exceeds that of the than .13 millimetres. To protect the heel sole by n<;lt from the Ja.r of m long jumping and triple jumping, the competItor may Increase the thIckness of the heel itself or include a pad inside the shoe so that the total thickness of heel and pad in an uncompressed state does not exceed 25 millimetres. ' C?mpetitors may !lot u.se any appliance, either inside or the shoe, WhICh WIll have the effect of increasing the thIckness of the shoe above the permitted maximum of 13 millimetres (0.5 inches) or which can give the wearer any advantage which he would not obtain from the type of shoe described in the previous paragraphs. Numbers t 5.-Every competitor must be provided with two nUjllbers to be worn visibly on the breast and back. The numbers must correspond with the number in the programme. If track suits are worn in the competition, numbers must be worn on the !rack suit in a sif!lilar manner. In the pole vault and high Jump, the competItors may wear the number on the back or front only. Where photo-finish equipment is in operation, RULE 142

the meeting organisers may require competitors to wear additional numbers of an adhesive type on the side of their shorts. No competitor shall be allowed to take part in any competition without the appropriate number or numbers. The name of a sponsor may appear on a competitor's number card on.ly when authorised by the Member organising or sanctioning the meeting. The size shall not exceed approximately 150 mm x 25 mm and the same style of number card shall be issued to all competitors taking part. " 6.-Any competitor jostling, running across or obstructing 'tmother competitor so as to impede his progress shall be liable to disqualification. If in any race a competitor is disqualified for any of these reasons, the Referee shall have power to order the race to be re-run excluding the disqualified competitor or, in the case of a heat, to permit any competitors affected by the act resulting in disqualification (other than the disqualified competitor) to compete in a subsequent round of the race. If for any reason a competitor is hampered in a trial in a field event, the Referee shall have power to award him a substitute trial. See also Rule 116, (5). 7.-In all races run in lanes each competitor shall keep his allotted lane from start to finish. This shall also apply to any portion of a race run in lanes. 8.-If the Referee is satisfied, on the report of a Judge or Umpire or otherwise, that a competitor has deliberately run outside his lane, he shall disqualify him; but if the Referee considers that such action was unintentional, he may at his discretion disqualify, if he is of the opinion that a material advantage was gained thereby. See table on page 70. 9.-A competitor after voluntarily leaving the track or course shall not be allowed to continue in the race. '. In road and in track walking events 20 km or more, a competItor may leave the road or track WIth the permission and under the control of a judge, provided that by going off course he does not lessen the distance to be covered. In field events and Decathlon and Heptathlon events, with the permission of and accompanied by a judge, a competitor may leave the immediate area of the track during the progress of the competition.

RULE 142

Track 400 metres Stride 2.30m Number of Strides 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Advantage Gained by Encroaching (cmon Inside of Lane t

= 50mm

= lOOmm

mm 4 7

mm 7 14 22 29 36 44 51 58 65

14 18 22 25 29 33 36

= 150mm mm 11 22 33 44 54 65 76 87 98 109

t =300mm I

mm 22 44 66 88 109 131 153 175 197 219

table shows, mathematic.ally, the theoretical advantage gained by from 1 to Iq Inside the inner border of a lane. The distances are shown In millimetres, e.g. four strides 150mm inside gives an advantage of 44mm.

lO:-Except with the prior approval of the Referee no nor person within the arena shall any mtermedlate times to competitors. 11.-Except provided Rules 165 and 191 (Marathon races and long dlstan<;:e walkmg races), during the progress of an event no competitor shall receive any assistance whatsoever from any person. "Assistance" includes conveying or information to an athlete by any means and pacemakmg. See Rule 148 Paragraph 7(b). A!1y athlete receiving advice or information must be by the referee and warned that for any repetition Will be debarred from further participation in the tIOn. Any performance accomplIshed up to that time will stand. . A s?ck should be positioned near the take-off ground If! all.Jumpmg events, to show the athlete the approximate direction and strength of the wind. l2.-If a competitor is entered in both a track event and' fi.eld event, or m than one field event taking place the may allow the competitor to take hiS tnals m an order different from that decided upon prior to the start of the competition. B.-In a Field event, no competitor is allowed to have one trial recorded in anyone round of the more competitIOn. RULE 142

14.-A competitor in a field event who unreasonably delays making a trial renders himself liable to have that trial disallowed and recorded as a fault. It is a matter for the Referee to decide, having regard to all the circumstances, what is an unreasonable delay. The official responsible shall indicate to the competitor that all is ready for the trial to begin, and the period allowed for this trial shall commence from that moment. The following times, which must not be regarded as imperative, should not normally be exceeded: (a) In the case of the High Jump, Long Jump, Triple Jump, Shot, Discus, Hammer and "Javelin, 1'/2 minutes; and (b) In the case of the Pole Vault 2 minutes. The time shall begin when the uprights have been adjusted to the satisfaction of the competitor. For a second delay at any time during the competition, he shall be debarred from taking any further trials, but any performance accomplished up to that time shall stand. 15.-The Referee shall have the power to change the place of the competition in any field event, if in his opinion the conditions justify it. Such a change shall be made only after a round has been completed. 16.-Except in the case of relay races run in lanes. See Rule 166 (3), competitors may not make check-marks or place objects on or alongside the running track for their assistance. 17.-Scoring: In matches where the result of a match is to be determined by the scoring of points, the method of scoring will, unless otherwise agreed by all the competing countries before the meeting, be as follows: (a) Where there are two teams with two competitors in each event: 5, 3, 2, 1. (b) Where there are three teams with two competitors in each event, or two teams with three competitors in each event, or six teams with one competitor in each event: 7, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. (c) In relay races with two teams: 5, 2. In relay races with three teams: 7, 4, 2. In relay races with six teams: 7, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. NOTE.-The scoring system set out above is based on the number of athletes (or teams in relay races) entitled to compete in each event, and will not be changed if the number actually competing in any event is smaller. 71

RULE 142

RULE 143 Rounds, Heats and Qualifying Competitions Track Events I.-Preliminary rounds (heats) shall be held in track events in which the number of competitors is too large to allow the competition to be conducted satisfactorily in a single round (final). 2.-The heats and qualifying competitions shall be arranged by the Committee conducting the Meeting together with the appointed Technical Delegates where appropriate. The representatives of each nation shall be placed as far asf possible in different heats, which shall be so arranged thar not less than six competitors shall qualify for the final. NOTE.-When heats are being arranged, it is recommended that as much information as possible about the performances of all competitors should be considered, and the heats so drawn that normally the best performers will reach the .final. 3.-ln any competition where there are more competitors than can be placed in the first row, the draw for stations shall be by nations, when one competitor from each nation shall be placed in the order of the draw. Additional starters from any nation shall then be placed behind, in the same order. 4.-A competitor shall not be allowed to compete in a heat other than the one in which his name appears, except in circumstances which in the opinion of the Referee justify an alteration. 5.-In all preliminary rounds, at least the first and second in each heat shall qualify for the next round, and it is recommended that where possible at least three in each heat should qualify. Any other competitors to qualify for the next round shall be decided either according to their placings or according to their times. Where any competitors are to qualify by times, the ordeq in which the heats are run shall be decided by draw after' these rounds have been made up. 6.-The following minimum times must be allowed when practicable, between the last heat of any round and the first heat of a subsequent round or final: Up to 200 metres ... ... 45 minutes 90 minutes Over 200 metres to 1000 metres Over 1000 metres 180 minutes RULE 143

Field Events 7.-In any field event, a qualifying competition must be held if necessary, to decide who shall compete in the comshall n?t. be petition proper. Performances. considered part of the competItIon proper . The conditions shall be arranged' by the Committee conductmg the meeting together with the appointed Technical Delegates where appropriate. . The competitors shall compete in the order drawn by lot and, where possible, their names shall bâ&#x201A;Ź? in the. {'rogramme in the order drawn. In a quahfymg compehtl?n, .hpart from the High Jump and Pole Vault, each competitor shall be allowed three trials. A competitor once having achieved the qualifying standard shall not be allowed to tinue in the qualifying competition. At. the.end of the ing competitIOn the order for competmg m the competitIOn proper shall be determined by a fresh drawing by lot. NOTE.-In major competitions where there are enough competitors to warrant it, it is recommended that the qualifying competition be divided into two or more groups. Unless there are facilities for the two groups to compete at the same time and under similar conditions, the second group should start the competition immediately the first group has finished. RULE 144 Doping I.-Doping is strictly forbidden. 2.-Doping is the ':!se by or distribution to an .athlete. of certain substances whIch could have the effect of Improvmg artificially the athlete's physical and/or mental condition and so augmenting his athletic performance. . 3.-Doping substances, for the purpose of this rule, comprise the following groups:. (a) Psychomotor stimulant drugs, e.g. Amphetamme, benzphetamine, cocaine, diethylpropion, dimethylamphetamine, ethylamphetamine , fencamfamm, fenproporex, methylamphetal!1ine, norpseudoephedrine, pemohne, phendImetrazme, phenmetrazine, phentermine, pipradol, prolintane, and chemically or pharmacologically related compounds. 73

RULES 143, 144

(b)

amines: e.g. ephedrine, methoxyphenamlOe, methylephedrine, and chemically or related compounds. (c) system stimulants: e.g. leptazol, nikethamide, strychmne, and chemIcally or pharmacologically related compounds. (d) Narcotic e.g. morphine, heroin, methadone, dextromoramide, dipipanone, and chemIcally or pharmacologically related compounds. NOTE.-Coqeine is permitted for therqpeutic uses. (e) Anabolic steroids, e.g. methandienone nandrolone decan.oate, oxymetholone, phenylpropnonate,. stailozolQl, testosterone and its esters, and chemIcally or pharmacologically related compounds. The above list is not necessarily comprehensive. Cases of as to other substances which may be regarded as dop109 shall be referred to the Medical Committee for decIsIOn. any penalties are imposed under this rule, the actual dopmg substance must be identified. 4.-Doping controls conducted under LA.A.F. Doping Control Regulations shall take place at LA.A.F. meetings undt?r Rule 12, paragraph l(a) and 1(b) and wherever possIble 1(c). In addition, doping controls shall' be held if ?rdered by the or Area govern109 responsIble for or sanctIOmng a meeting. controls be carned out under the supervision of a Dopmg CommIttee for the meeting. At meetings under Rule .12, paragraphs l(a) and l(b) this Doping Committee shall mclude:(1) The Medical Delegate (Chairman) (2) A member or representative of the LA.A.F. Medica" Committee (3) A qualified medical officer of the organising country Before the event, the for selecting the athletes to be .controlled shall.be determlOed by the Doping Committee. ThIs be eIther on a final position basis and/or a random baSIS, but not by selection of named individuals. The total number of athletes tested may depend on the capacity of the Laboratory. RULE 144

Additional controls may be ordered after the event at the discretion of the Doping Committee. 5.-An athlete who takes part in a competition must, if so requested in writing by the responsible official, submit to a doping control (see Appendix 1). Refusal to do so will result in disqualification from the competition and the athlete will be deemed to have rendered himself ineligible for competition. He shall be reported to the LA.A.F. and his National governing body by the Doping Committee Chairman. 6.-To facilitate the analysis, any form of medication administered by any route within two days of the start of the i}competition or event, must be declared to the Doping Committee on the Doping Control Form. (See Appendix 2). 7.-A competitor found to have a doping substance or/and a metabolite of a doping substance present in his urine at an athletics meeting shall be disqualified from the competition and the case reported to the LA.A.F. and his National governing body (See Rule 53, iv). Likewise any person assisting or inciting others to use doping substances shall be considered as having committed an offence against LA.A.F. Rules, and thus exposes himself! herself to disciplinary action. Any offences under this rule arising from competitions at 11 International or National level shall be reported by the competent authority to the LA.A.F. 8.-The detailed procedure for the conduct of tests, including the collection of urine samples, the method of analysis and the use of accredited laboratories, shall be determined by the Medical Committee of the LA.A.F. Copies of the current approved procedure shall be supplied on request by the LA.A.F. to responsible organising bodies for the information and guidance of the Doping Committees, athletes and officials. RULE 145 Measurements and Weights l.-All measurements must be made with a certified steel or fibre-glass metric tape or bar, and all implements must be weighed on a governmentally approved balance. 2.-In measuring the track, two independent measurements must be made, which may not differ from each other by more than 0.0003 x L + 0.01 metres, where "L" is the length of the track in metres. 75

RULES 144, 145

NOTE.- This formula gives a highest permitted difference between two measurings for: lOOm 0.04 400m O.l3m 3.-ln measuring the distances of throwing, putting and jumping events, that part of the tape recording the distance achieved must be held by an official at the take-off point, the circle or scratch line. Distances shall always be recorded to the nearest O.Olm below the distance covered, i.e., fractions less than O.Olm must be ignored, except that in the case of the discus, hammer and javelin throws, distances shall be recorded in even 0.02m units (e.g. 62.44m, 62.46m, etc.) to. the nearest unit below. In jumping for height, all ments shall be made perpendicularly from the ground to the lowest part of the upper side of the bar. NOTE.-For measurements for World Records for all field events, see Rule 148 para. 9 (a). 4.-A scientific measuring apparatus, the accuracy of which is approved by the Governmental Weights and Measures department of the country where the events are held, may also be used. 5.-In events over roads, the course shall be measured along the ideal line of running, i.e. the shortest possible path, in that section of the road permitted for the runners. The course must not measure less than the official distance for the event, (i.e. for the Marathon race 42195 metres), and the variation in the measurement must not exceed 50 metres in all meetings under Rule 12 paragraph l(a), (b) and (c), (i.e.) a Marathon course must be between 42195 and 42245 metres). See also Rules 165 (Marathon) and 191 (Walking) NOTE.-Instructions setting out the recommended method of measuring road courses may be obtained on application to the I.A.A. F. Bureau.

decide whether it is practicable to arrange for the competitors so tying to compete again. If he decides it is not, the result will stand. Ties in other placings shall remain.

Field Events 2.-In jumping or vaulting for height: (a) The competitor with the lowest number of jumps at the height at which the tie occurs shall be awarded the higher place. (b) If the tie still remains, the competitor with the lowest total of failures throughout the competition up to and includ1ing the height last cleared shall be awarded the higher place. Example-High Jump (I) I.7Hm

A B

I.X2m

0 0 0

0 0

0= Cleared.

I.K5m

I.HHm

0 0

XXO

XFailed.

I.lJOm

OXX OXX

l.'.I2m

xxo XXO XXO XO

I.lJ4m

XXX XXX XXX

xxx

-;.2

0';

.. 0

>-Ll.

0..

2= 2=

4 5

4 1

- = Did not jump.

RULE 146 Ties Ties shall be decided as follows: Track Events I.-In the event of a tie in any heat which affects the qualification of competitors to compete in the next r.ound or final, where practicable, the tying competitors shall both qualify, failing which they shall compete again. In case of a tie for first place in any final, the Referee is empowered to

A, B, C and D all cleared 1.92 metres and failed at 1.94 metres. The rule regarding ties comes into operation, and as "D" cleared 1.92 metres at his second attempt, the others taking three, he is declared the winner. The other three will tie and the Judges add up the total number of failures, up to and including the height last cleared, i.e. 1.92 metres. "c' has more failures than "A" or "B", and is therefore awarded fourth place. "A" and "B" still tie and as this does not concern first place, they share second place." (c) If the till still remains: â&#x20AC;˘ (i) If it concerns the first place, the competitors tying shall have one more jump at the lower height at which they failed, and if no decision is reached, the bar shall be lowered or raised to the heights which shall be announced by the Chief Judge of the event; they shall then attempt one jump at each height until the tie is decided. Competitors so tying must jump on each occasion when deciding the tie. (ii) If it concerns any other place, the competitors shall be awarded the same place in the competition. (See example 2)

RULES 145, 146

RULE 146

Example-High Jump (2) 1.7Xm

I.X5m

I.X:!m

IXXm

1.'I()m

1.'I2m

1.'I4m

=::

1.'I2m

4 5 5 4

XXO

C:':I

0= Cleared.

A B

C D

XO XO

XO XXO

XXO

XXO XXO XXO XXO

XXX

XXX XXX

!-u..

XXX

3= 3= 2

and must be accompanied by a deposit of $10.00 or its equivalent before the appeal is heard. The deposit will be forfeited if the protest is considered to be frivolous. To arrive at a fair decision, the Jury of Appeal shall consult all other available evidence and mterview all those whom they consider necessary.

3.-ln those field events where the result is determined by distance, the second best performance of the tying shall decide the tie. If the tie still remains, the third best, and so on. NOTE.-It is recommended that in international matches, where two or more competitors tie, the rules for deciding ties should not apply, the points for the places concerned being shared. RULE 147 Protests I.-Protests concerning the status of an athlete to participate in a meeting must be made, prior to the commencement of such meeting, to the Jury of Appeal, or, if no Jury has been appointed, to the Referee. If the matter cannot be settled satisfactorily prior to the meeting, the athlete shall be allowed to compete "under protest" and the matter be referred to the Council of the LA.A.F. 2.-Protests relating to matters which develop during the carrying through of the programme should be made at once, and not later than withm thirty minutes after the result has been officially announced. The Organisers of the meeting shall be responsible for ensuring that the time of the announcement of all results is recorded. 3.-Any protest shall in the first instance be made orally to the Referee by the athlete himself or by someone acting oQ his behalf. To arrive at a fair decision, the Referee should consider any available evidence which he thinks necessary, including a film or picture produced by an official video tape recorder. The Referee may decide on the protest or may refer the matter to the Jury. If the Referee makes a decision, there shall be a right of appeal to the Jury. 4.-An application to the Jury of Appeal must be in writing, signed by a responsible official on behalf of the athlete

RULE 148 World Records I.-When a World Record is set up by an athlete or by a team, the LA.A.F. Member in the country where the record "Performance was made shall collect together, without delay, all the information required for the ratification of the record by the LA.A.F. The Member should immediately inform the LA.A.F. of its intention to submit the performance. 2.-The official application form of the I. A.A. F. shall be filled in and forwarded to the LA.A.F. Bureau within three months. If the application concerns a foreign athlete or a foreign team, a duplicate of the form shall be sent within the same period to the National Association of the athlete or of the team in question. Application may be made only on behalf of an athlete or athletes who are under the jurisdiction of a Member of the LA.A.F. 3.-The National Association of the country where the record was set up shall send, with the official application form:(a) The printed programme of the meeting; (b) The complete results of the event in question. Including in the case of a field event, the complete result sheet. (c) The photofinish photograph in the case of a track record where fully automatic electrical timekeeping , was in operation; 4.-However, for the competitions referred to in Rule 12, paragraph 1 (a) the above formalities need not be carried out. 5.-The following conditions shall apply to all World Records:(a) The record must be made out of doors and must not have been made on a wooden surface. (b) The record must be made in a bona fide competition

Failed.

RULES 146, 147

= Did not jump.

RULE 148

-)jI'-

which has been duly fixed, advertised and authorised before the day by the LA.A.F. Member of the country where the event takes place. This competition with the name of the competitors taking part, must have been mentioned in the printed programme of the meeting. (c) The record must be better than or equal to the result in the latest world record list in the event in question. (d) Records made in Heats or Qualifying Competitions, in deciding ties and in individual events in the and. De<:athlon Competitions may' b) submItted for ratificatIOn. ! 6.-ln the case of Women's records, unless the athlete's name appears on the LA.A.F. register (see Rule 141, paragraph 4), an application must be accompanied by a medical certificate as to sex, drawn up by a qualified medical doctor recognised by the National Association of the athlete (athletes) for whom the record is claimed. No performance set up by an athlete will be recognised if it has been accomplished during a mixed competition. 7.-(a) Running and Walking records may be made only on a track which is not banked and will be recognised only if the track has a raised border as specified in Rule 161 (1) or, in the case of a grass track, only if it is marked and flagged in accordance with the above Rule. (b) A race must be stated to be over one distance only and all competitors shall compete at that distance. If the Track Referee is convinced by clear evidence that any of the athletes obviously had no intention of completing the race, but were running with the intention of helping another athlete, then he may rule that it is not a bona-fide competition and any record established in that race may, as a result, be rendered invalid. However, a race based on the distance covered over a given time (see Rule 162, paragraph 13) may be combine et with a race over a fixed distance (for example, 1 Hour and 2C Km). It is permissible for the same athlete to accomplish in the same race any number of records. It is permitted for several athletes to accomplish different records in the same race. However, it is not permissible for an athlete to be credited with a record at a shorter distance if he did not finish the full distance for which the race had been fixed. W

(c) Running and Walking records must be timed by official timekeepers as provided in Rule 119 (and accepted by the National Association as such), or by an approved fully automatic electrical timekeeping device (see Rule 120). For races up to and including 400 metres, only performances timed by an approved fully automatic electrical timing device shall be accepted. (d) For any record at any distance of 200 metres or more to be recognised, the track on which it was made must not exceed 440 yards and the race must have started on some part of the perimeter. This limitation does not apply to the } Steeplechase events where the Water Jump is placed outside a normal 400 metres track. (e) The record must be made on a track of which the radius of the outside lane does not exceed 60 metres. NOTE:- Where the bend is formed with two different radii, this limitation does not apply to the larger radius at the crown of the bend, provided that this section of the bend does not account for more than 6(f' of the 180 turn. (f) For all records up to and including 200 metres, information concerning wind speed, measured as indicated in Rule 149, must be submitted. If the wind velocity measured in the direction of running behind the competitor averages more than 2 metres per second, the record will not be accepted. (g) In a race run in lanes, no record will be accepted where the runner has run on or inside the inner curved border of his lane. (h) A relay record may be made only by a team all of whose members are citizens of a single Member country. Citizenship may be obtained in any of the ways referred to in Rule 12, paragraph 8. A colony which is not in separate Membership of the LA.A.F. shall be deemed, for the purpose of this Rule, to be part of its Mother Country. , (i) The time set up by the first runner in a relay team may not be submitted as a record. 8.-For Walking records, the track must be an oval from 350 metres minimum to 500 metres maximum, with 2 curves and 2 straights from 60 metres minimum to 120 metres maximum. 9.-(a) Records in field events must be measured by 3 Field Judges with a certified steel tape, graduated in centimetres, or by a scientific apparatus approved by the govern0

RULE 148

mental Weights Measures Department of the country where the event IS held. Measurements for world records in field events must be made and submitted in metres to the nearest 0.01 metre below" except that in the case of the Discus, Javelin and Hammer throws, the distance shall be recorded in even 0.02 metre units to the nearest unit below (e.g. 62.44m, 62.46m etc.). (b) In field events, a performance may be submitted for ratification if it took place during an event where a handicap was combined with the scratch competition. (c) In the Long Jump and Triple Jump, information concerning wind speed, measured as indicated in Rule 149, must i1 be submitted. If the wind velocity measured in the direction of jumping behind the competitor averages more than 2 metres per second, the record will not be accepted. 1O.-When a record is claimed for the Heptathlon or Decathlon, the conditions imposed for recognising records in individual events must have been complied with in the 7 or 10 events. However, a record will be recognised even though the wind exceeded -2 metres per second (see paragraphs 7 and 9 (c) ) provided it was not more than 4 metres per second. It.-The President and the General Secretary of the LA.A.F. together are authorised to recognise world records. If they are in any doubt whether or not the record should be accepted, the case shall be referred to the Council for decision. The LA.A.F. will inform the Member applying for a World Record as well as the athlete's National Association, where these are not the same, that the record has been ratified. If the record is not ratified, the reasons why the record was not accepted will be supplied. 12.-The LA.A.F. Bureau shall keep lists of World Records and Olympic Records. These lists shall be revised once a year and a copy forwarded to each Member of the,j LA.A.F. , ' 13.-Members of the I.A.A.F shall keep a list of the National Records of their own country. Copies of this list shall be forwarded to the I.A.A.F. Bureau in January each year.

supplied by the l.A.A.F., provided National Associations remit the cost. 2.-Refer to Rule 381 as to events for which World Records are recognised. Associations must apply all the conditions laid down In thiS rule for the ratification of their own Continental Records. . 4..-It is recommended that National Federations adopt slmtlar rules to the above for the recognition of their own National records. RULE 149 Wind Measurement The periods for which the wind velocity shall be measured are as follows, from the flash of the pistol or approved apparatus:-

Seconds

I. - The official World Record Plaques, as designed by the l.A.A.F. for presentation to World Record holders, will be

100 metres 10 13 100 metres Hurdles 110 metres Hurdles 13 In 200 metres rull; on a curve, the wind velocity shall be measured for a penod of 10 seconds, commencing as the runners enter the straight. In the. Long Jump and Triple Jump, it shall be measured for a penod of 5 seconds from the time a competitor passes a mark placed alongside the runway, in the case of the Long JumJr-40 metres, and in the case of the Triple Jump-35 metres, from the take-off board; or if a competitor runs less than 40 metres or 35 metres as the case may be from the time he commences his run. ' wind speed is taken into consideration, the wind Whet:t measunng mstrument shall be set up half-way down the straight and for the jumps, 20 metres from the take-off board. The instrument shall be not more than 2 metres away â&#x20AC;˘ from the. track or runway and shall be approximately 1Âˇ 22 ,metres hIgh. RULE 150 Official Implements I.-In all international competitions the implements used must comply with the specifications for official implements set out in Rules 161-186. 2.-All such implements shall be provided by the organisers of the meeting. No competitor is allowed to use

NOTES:-

RULE 148

RULES 149, 150

any other implements, with the exception of poles case may theIr. own; and starting blocks, in provided these comply wIth the condItIOns laid down In the rules. See also Rule 162 (Starting Blocks) and Rule 172 (Vaulting Poles).

lines 50mm in width. The inner lane shall be measured as stated in paragraph 2 above, but the remaining lanes shall be measured O.20m from the outer edges of the lines. NOTE.-The line on the right hand only of each lane shall be included in the measurement of the width of each lane. See Rule 142, paragraphs 7 and 8-"Athletes keeping to allotted lanes". . 4.-The direction of running shall be left-hand inside. 5.-In international meetings the track should allow for at least six lanes, and where possible should allow for eight . lanes, particularly for major international events. , 6.-The maximum allowance for lateral inclination of tracks shall not exceed 1: 100 and the overall inclination in the running direction shall not exceed 1:1000 downwards. NOTE.-It is strongly recommended that in the case of all 11 new tracks} the lateral inclination shall be towards the inside lane. 800 metres event 7.-ln competitions held under Rule 12, 1 (a), (b) and (c), the 800 metres event shall be run in lanes as far as the end of the first bend, the maximum number of available lanes being used. The starts shall be so staggered that the distance from start to finish shall be the same for each competitor. NOTE.-In international matches, countries may reach agreement not to use lanes. SETTING OUT STARTS FOR 800 METRES WHERE THE FIRST CURVE IS RUN IN LANES

all lines white 50 mm wide

O.3Om

A FINISH LINE A' STARTS IN RESPECTIVE LANES C POINT AT WHICH TANGENT FROM Y MEETS 0.30 METRE UNE IN INSIDE LANE S' ,8:1,8'1.8",85,8-, POtHTS OF DENOUEMENT FROM

LANES

inner edge kerb 50 mm wide 1_

measurement line for inner lane

3.-In all races up to and including 400m, each competitor shall have a separate lane, with a minimum width of 1.22 metres and a maximum width of 1.25 metres to be marked by RULE 161

BOOm !START A

FINISH"

NOT TO SCALE

RULE 161

As the runners are permitted to leave their respective lanes on entering the back straight, the starting positions must care for two factors. First, the normal echelon allowance which would be applicable were the race to be of 200m starting at the same point on the track; secondly, an adjustment to the starting point in each lane to compensate for the runners in the outside lane having farther to go to reach the inside position on the track at the end of the back straight than those in the inside lanes. The following method of arriving at the starting position in each lane is recommended. (a) Mark B ' in the inside lane at the point of entry into thet back straight 0.30m from the inside kerb. (b) Fix point Y, which is the point in the outer lane in prolongation of the line A B 1 O.20m from the inner line of the lane. (c) Fix point C, which is the point on the path of the runner, namely 0.30m from the inside kerb at which the back straight ends and the bend begins. (d) With radius C B 1 describe an arc across the track B 1 X. This line must be flagged at each end with a flag set on a post at least 1.50m high on each side of the track and with a line 0.05m wide across the track. This indicates to the runners that they may leave their lanes at this stage. For lanes 2 to 6 this point can be determined by the intersection of B 1 X and the path of the runner, which is 0.20 metres from the line marking the inside of his lane. (e) The correct adjustment to the starting positions can now be determined in the following way. The normal starting position in each lane for a 200 metre race must be advanced by the distance the points of denouement from the lanes, viz: B 2 B 3 B 4 B 5 B 6 are in advance of the line B 1 Y. An indication of the distance by which the normal starting position in each lane must be advanced can be seen from the following calculations, where each lane is the standard width of 1.22 metres and the straight is 80 metres long: Lane 1 + zero Lane 5 + 0.145m Lane 6 + 0.224m Lane 2 + 0.OO7m Lane 3 + 0.034m Lane 7.+ 0.325m Lane 4 + 0.079m Lane 8 + 0.444m RULE 161

SETTING OUT STARTS AND CHANGE OVER AREAS FOR 4 x 200 METRES AND 4 x 400 METRES RELAY. WHERE ONE LAP PLUS ONE COMPLETE CURVE IS RUN IN LANES

.....

.'"'.'" ........... _-

¥!CI'IC,,",

-c: ..... !In

ft" .....

............ en C

.... ..

cu,cu

• •

l j

RULE 161

8.-In the 4 x 200 metre and 4 x 400 metre Relays, the first full lap shall be covered in lanes. The second runner in the 4 x 400m relay and the third runner in the 4 x 290m relay shall keep in his lane until e;ntry to the back The distance from start to fimsh shall be measured ill such a way that the competing teams shall all run the same distance of 4 x 200m or 4 x 400m. The following method should therefore be adopted to determine the echelon starting positions for the first runner in each team: Inside lane SI identical with Al. Lane 2 S2 =A 2 plus normal stagger for 400 metres. Lane 3 S3 =A3 plus normal stagger for 400 metres. Lane 4 S4 = A 4plus normal stagger for 400 metres.

Curved Start-Method of Setting out In all races not run in lanes the starting line shall be curved, so that wherever it occurs on the track, all the runners start the same distance from the finish. 6 lanes of 1.22m Assembly line

NOTE.-The positions A 2, A 3, A 4, etc. allow for the 200 metres stagger, plus the compensatory adjustments as set out in the Table shown in para. 7 (e). 9.-The central line of the first take-over zone can be determined by advancing the normal starting stagger in each lane for a 200 metre race by the distance the points of denouement from the lanes, viz. B2 B 3 B4 B 5 BO are in advance of the line B 1 Y. The take-over zone will be within two lines set out 10 metres either side of this central line in each lane. 10.-The take-over zones for the second and last takeovers (4 x 400 metres) will be the normal 10 metre lines either side of the start/finish line AA. ll.-The arc across the track at the entry to the back straight showing the positions at which the second stage runners (4 x 400m) and third stage runners (4 x 200m) are permitted to leave their respective lanes, shall be identical to the arc for the 800 metres event, described in Para 7 (d). I RULE 162 The Start and the Finish I.-The start and the finish of a race shall be denoted by a line 0.05m in width at right angles to the inner edge of the track. The distance of the race shall be measured from the edge of the starting line further from the finish, to the edge of the finish line nearer to the start. RULES 161, 162

88' + 8' F' CC' + C' F'Âˇ

AF'

D D' + D' F' lEE' + E' F' F F'

the tangent from the position of the runner in the outside lane to the estimated path of the runner in the inside lane (O.30m from inner edge of track)

2.-AlI races shall be started by the actual report of a pistol or any similar apparatus fired upwards into the air, but not before all the competitors are quite still on their marks. 3.-At all international meetings, the words of the Starter in his own tongue shall in races up to and including 400 metres (including 4 x 200m and 4 x 400m), be "On your ttarks", "Set", and when all competitors are "Set", the pistol shall be fired. In races longer than 400 metres, the words shall be "On your marks" and when all competitors are steady, the pistol shall be fired. 4.-If for any reason the Starter is not satisfied that all is ready for the start to proceed after the competitors are on their marks, he shall order all competitors to stand up and the Starter's assistants shall place them on the assembly line again. RULE 162

In all races up to and including where.a crouch start 11 must be used, both hands must be m contact wIth the ground when the competitor is in the "set" position. A competitor must not touch either the start line or the ground in front of it with his hands or his feet when on his marks. 5.-0n the command "On your marks" or "Set" as the case may be all competitors shall at once and without delay assume their full and final set position. Failure to comply with this command after a reasonable time shall constitute a false start. If a competitor after the command "On your marks. disturbs the other competitors in the race through sound or 11 otherwise, it may be considered a false start. 6.-If a competitor leaves his marks with hand or foot after the words "On your marks" or "Set" as the case may be (see paragraph 3 above), and before the actual report of the pistol it shall be considered a false start. 7.-Any competitor making a false start must be warned. If a competitor is responsible for two false starts or three in the case of the Heptathlon or Decathlon, he shall be disqualified. 8.-The Starter or any Recall Starter who is of the opinion that the start was not a fair one, shall recall the competitors by firing a pistol.

damage .to the track. The must permit the startmg to be qUickly and easily removed. number, thIckness and length of the pins or spikes depends on the track construction. (iii) When an uses his own starting blocks they shall comply wIth p.aragraphs (i) and (ii) above. They may be of a!1y deSIgn or construction, provided that they do not 10terfere with other athletes. ,}

NOTE.-In practice, when one or more competitors makes a false start, others are inclined to follow and, strictly speaking, any competitor who does so follow has also made a false start. The Starter should warn only such competitor or competitors who, in his opinion, were responsible for the false start. This may result in more than one competitor being warned. If the unfair start is not due to any competitor, no warning shall be given. Starting Blocks

9.-Starting blocks which comply with the following general specifications must be used for all races up ,to and including 400 metres (including the first leg of the 4 x 200 m and 4 x 400 m) and must not be used for any other race. (i) Starting blocks must be entirely rigid in construction and must give no unfair advantage to the athlete. (ii) They may be fixed to the track by a number of pins or spikes, arranged to cause .the minimum possible

RULE 162

l)()

â&#x20AC;˘

(iv) When are by the Organisers shall m addItIon comply wIth the specifications of thIS paragraph (iv). blocks shall consist of two foot plates, agamst whIch the athlete's feet are pressed in the position. The foot plates shall be mounted on a ngId frame, which shall in no way obstruct the athlete's feet as they leave the blocks. .foot plates shall be sloped to suit the starting posItIon. of the athlete, and may be flat or slightly curved Le. concave. The surface of the foot plates shall prepared. to the spikes in the athlete s shoes, eIther usmg slots or recesses in the face of the or by covering the surface of the plate wIth SUItable material permitting the use of spIked shoes. The ":J0unting of foot plates on a rigid frame may be adjustable, but It must allow no movement during actual start. In all cases, the foot plates shall be adjustable forward or backward in relation to each other. The adjustments be secured by firm clamps. or 10ck1Og mechaOlsms, which can be easily and qUIckly operated by the athlete.

(v) Starting may be fitted with approved false start detectIon apparatus for the assistance of Starters.

1O.-In competitions under Rule 12, paragraph l(a), (c) and (d), must use starting blocks pro":Ided by the orgamsers of the meeting. In all other competitIOns, those held on all-weather tracks, competitors may use then own blocks. 0t:t all-weather tracks, the organisers may insist that only startIng blocks provided by them may be used. 91

RULE 162

- - - - - - -

The Finish n.-Finish Posts. Two white posts, shall denote the extremities of the finish line, and shall be placed at least 30 centimetres from the edge of the track. The finish posts be of rigid of about lAm in height, 80mm in wIdth and 20mm m . It IS. undesuable Unless in the opinion of the because of the direction and the velocIty of the wmd, worsted shall be stretched across the track between the finish posts 1.22 metres above the ground and fastened to the posts is immediately above the edge of the finish to the start. When there is fully automatIc electncal tImmg,t I1 worsted shall not be used. 12.-The competitors shall be placed in the order in which any part of their bodies (i.e. "torso" as distinguished from the head, neck, arms, legs, hands or feet) reaches the vertical plane of the nearer edge of the finish line. as defined B.-In any race decided on the basIs of the dIstance covered in a fixed period of time, the Starter shall fire the pistol exactly one minute before the e.nd of t.he to warn competitors and judges that the race IS neanng ItS end. The Starter shall be directed by the Chief Timekeeper., and at exactly the appropriate time after the start, he shall sIgnal the end of the race by again firing the pistol. At the moment the pistol is fired to signal the end of the race, the Judges where appointed for that purpose shall mark the exact each competitor tou.ched the .track for th.e last tIme .before or simultaneously WIth the finng of the PIStOl. The dIstance achieved shall be measured to the nearest metre or yard behind the rear edge of the last footprint of the competitor. One Judge at least must be assigned to each competitor before the start of the race for the purpose of marking the distance achieved. NOTE.-Refer also to Rule 121 and 122 for the duties of the Starter, Recallers and Starter's Assistants. t

I.-Distances.

RULE 163 Hurdle Races The following are the standard distances:

MEN

WOMEN

110, 200, 400 metres 100, 400 metres . There shall be ten flights of hurdles in each lane, set out m accordance with the following table: RULES 162, 163

- - - - -

- - -

---

MEN Distance of race

Height of Hurdle

metres 110 200 400

metres 1.067 0.762 0.914

Distance from scratch line to nrst hurdle

metres

13.72

18.29 45

Distance between hurdles

Distance from last hurdle to finish line

metres Q.14 18.29 35

metres 14.02 17.10 40

WOMEN Distance of race

Height of Hurdle

Distance from scratch line to first hurdle

Distance between hurdles

Distance from last hurdle to finish line

metres 100 400

metres 0.840 0.762

metres 13 45

metres 8.5 35

metres 10.5 40

2.-Construction. The hurdles shall be made of metal or some other suitable material with the top bar of wood or other suitable material. They shall consist of two bases and two uprights supporting a rectangular frame, reinforced by one or more cross-bars, the uprights to be fixed at the extreme end of each base. The hurdle shall be of such a design that a force at least equal to the weight of 3.6 kilograms applied to the centre of the top edge of the top bar is required to overturn it. The hurdle may be adjustable in height for each event. The counterweights must be adjustable so that at each height a force at least equal to the weight tf 3.6 kilograms and not more than 4 kilograms is required to overturn it. check the resisting force of hurdles a simple sprmg-balance should be used by the application of a pulling force to the centre of the top bar. Alternatively use a cord with a hook, applied to the centre of the top bar, take the cord along over a pulley fixed conveniently and load the other end of the cord with weights.

RULE 163

3.-Measurements. The standard heights of the hurdles shall be:

Women

100 metres 400 metres

Men 110 metres 200 metres 400 metres

0.84 metres 0.762 metres

1.067 metres 0.762 metres 0.914 metres

EXAMPLE OF APPROVED HURDLE (110m H.)

cยง ....

I... 1200mm (max) 225mm (min)

--r-------,--

T E E o....

f The maximum width shall be 1.20 metres. The maximum length of the base shall be 0.70 metres. The total weight of the hurdles shall be not less than la kilograms. In each case there shall b-:' a tolerance allowance of 3 millimetres above and below the standard heights, to' allow for variation in the manufacture.

orI

or-

4.-The width of the top bar shall be 70 millimetres. The thickness of this bar should be between 10 and 25 millimetres. The bar should be firmly fixed at the extremities.

5.-Finish. The top bar should be striped in black and white in such a manner that the white stripes appear at the end of each hurdle and that they shall be at least 225 millimetres in width. The hurdle shall be so placed on the track that the feet of the hurdles shall be on the side of the approach by the competitor.

10-25mm.. 1

6.-All races shall be run in lanes and each competitor shall keep to his own lane throughout. 7.-A competitor who trails his foot or leg alongside any hurdle or jumps any hurdle not in his own lane or in the opin ion of the Referee deliberately knocks down any hurdle hand or foot shall be disqualified.

I'"

700mm (max)

H.-Except as provided in paragraph 7 of this rule, the knocking down of hurdles shall not disqualify nor prevent a record being made. Y.-In establishing a World Record, a complete set of hurdles of the international type must have been used. RULE 163

700 mm(max)

RULE 163

RULE 164 Steeplechase I.-The standard distances shall be: 2000 metres and 3000 metres. NOTE.-2000 metres steeplechase is for Junior events only. 2.-There shall be 28 hurdle jumps and 7 jumps included in the 3000 metres event, and 18 hurdle Jumps and 5 water jumps in the 2000 metres event. . 3.-For both races the water jump shall be the fourth Jump in each lap. If necessary the finish line shall be moved to . â&#x20AC;˘ another part of the track. It is recommended that in the 2000 metres, the water Jump be the second jump of the first lap, and thereafter the fourth . , jump. NOTE.-Owing to the water Jump haymg to be constructed on the arena inside or preferably outslde the track, lessening or lengthening the normal of the laps, It lS not possible to lay down any rule the exact of the laps nor to state precisely the posltwn of the water Ju,mp. It should be borne in mind that there must be enough dlstance first hurdle to prevent the c0m.from the starting line to petitors from overcrowdmg, and there should be approxlmately 68 metres from the last hurdle to the finish EXAMPLE: The following measurements are glven as a should by guide and any adjust,!"ents lengthening or shortenmg the dlstance of the startzng pomt of the race. It is assumed that a lap of 400 metres has. been shortened or lengthened by up to 10 metres by constructmg the water jump inside or outside the track. Lap or 390 melres Distanct:' from start to beginning of Ist lap. (0 he run wilhout 'from of lap to 151 hurdle ,.' ... From I st to 2nd hurdle From 2nd to 3rd hurdle ... From 3rd hurdle to water jump From water jump to hurdle From hurdle 10 finishing line

Lap or 410 melres

!30 metres

no metres !Om X2 m

10 m m m m m m

tl2m

K2 m K2 m

72m

5.-The hurdles shall be 0.914 metres high (3 ft.) with a tolerance of 3 millimetres above or below this height and shall be at least 3.96 metres (13 ft.) in width. The section of the top bar of the hurdles, and the hurdle at the water jump, shall be 127 millimetres (5 in.) square. The weight of each hurdle shall be between 80 kilograms and 100 kilograms. Each hurdle shall have on either side a base between 1.20 metres and 1.40 metres. (See Diagram). 3.Mm minimum

121mm .. t 27mm

--l

O,JOm

O.JOm

-;-----r

H 5i .,;

lii, .,;

1.2Om (minll,4Om (mu]

The hurdle shall be placed on the track so that 0.30 metres of the top bar, measured from the inside edge of the track, will be inside the field. NOTE.-It is recommended that the first hurdle taken in the 11 race should be at least 5.00 metres in width. 6.-The water jump, including the hurdle, shall be 3.66 metres in length and width. The water shall be 0.70 metres in depth in front of the hurdle and slope to the level of the ground at the further end. The hurdle at the water jump shall be firmly fixed in front of the water and be of the same height as the others in the competition. The water shall be level with the track surface and at the hurdle end shall be 0.70 metres deep for a space of 30 ems. From this point the bottom shall have a regular slope lpwar<;is to the level of the track at the farther end of the TVater Jump.

4.-1n the 3000 metres Steeplechase the distance from the of the first lap. shall not any start to the jumps, the hurdles bemg removed untIl the competItors have entered the first lap.

7.-Each competitor must go over or through the water, and anyone who steps to the one side or the other, of the jump or trails his foot or leg alongside any hurdle shall be disqualified. He may jump or vault over each hurdle, or place a foot on each hurdle and on the hurdle at the water Jump.

7 laps of WO m = 2730 metres 3lKKl metres

RULE 164

7 laps of III m = 2K70 metres 3lKKl metres

RULE 164

r------

'''r-

3.66m - - - - - - 4 0.9110.917m

FIXED HURDLE

4.-Refreshments shall be provided by the Organisers of the Race at approximately 5 km and thereafter at approximately every 5 km. In addition, the organisers shall provide sponging points where water only shall be supplied, midway between two refreshment stations. Refreshments which may either be provided by the organiser or by the athlete himself, shall be available at the stations nominated by the competitor. The refreshments shall be placed in such a manner that they are easily accessible for the competitors or so that they may be put into the hands of the competitors. A competitor taking (refreshments at a place other than the refreshment points appointed by the organisers renders himself liable to disqualification. See also Rule 142 (11). 5.-The organisers of the Marathon Race must take care to ensure the safety of competitors. In the case of Olympic Games and Area or Group Championships or Games, the organisers must, where possible, give an assurance that the roads to be used for the Marathon will be closed in both directions i.e. not open to motorised traffic.

- - - - - - - - - - - 3.66m

O.50m

WATER JUMP

"-----'

SCALE

RULE 165 Marathon Race (42 195 metres-26 miles 385 yards) 1.-The Marathon race shall be run on made-up roads; when traffic or similar circumstances make it unsuitable, the course, duly marked, may be on a bicycle or footpath alongside the road, but not on soft ground such as grass verges or the like. The start and finish may be within an athletic arena. NOTE. 1-/t is desirable to have a course with a single turn 1 , ing point, or, alternatively, a single circuit. NOTE. 2-See Rule 145 (5) for measurement of course. 2.-A competitor must retire at once from the race if ordered to do so by a member of the medical staff officially appointed and clearly identified by an armband. 3.-The distance in kilometres and miles on the route shall be displayed to all competitors. RULES 164, 165

RULE 166 Relay Races 1.-Lines shall be drawn across the track to mark the distances of the stages and to denote the scratch line. 2.-Lines also shall be drawn 10 metres before and after the scratch line to denote the take-over zone, within which lines the must be passed. These lines are to be included in the zonal meaSl'rements. In races up to 4 x 200 metres, members of a team other than the first runner may commence running not more than 10 metres outside the take-over zone. A distinctive mark shall be made in each lane to denote this extended limit. In 4 x 200 metres relay races, the first two stages, as well that part of the third stage up to the exit from the first bend, will be run entirely in lanes. (See pages 85-l'i6). In 4 x 400 metres relay races, the first lap, as well as that part of the second lap up to the exit from the first bend, will be run entirely in lanes. The competitors are free to take over any position on the track at the entrance to the following straight, which shall be marked with a flag set on a post at least 1.50 metres high on

RULES 165, 166

each side of the track and with a line 50 millimetres wide across the track. NOTE.-In the 4 x 400 metres relay, where not more than 3 teams are competing, it is recommended that only the first bend of the first lap should be run in lanes. 3.-Check marks. When a relay race is being run in lanes, a competitor may make a check-mark on the track within his own lane, e.g. by scratching with his shoe, but may not marking objects on or alongside the track. Where the track IS of a material which will not permit scratching with a shoe, some material supplied by the organisers may be used, at the f discretion of the judge. 4.-The Baton. The baton must be carried in the hand throughout the race. If dropped, it must be recovered by the athlete who dropped it. In all relay races the baton must be passed within the takeover zone. The passing of the baton is completed at the moment it is in the hand of the receiving runner only. Within the take-over zone, it is only the position of the baton which is decisive, and not the position of the body or limbs of the competitors. Construction. The baton shall be a smooth hollow tube circular in section, made of wood or metal or of any other rigid material in one piece, the length of which shall be not more than 300mm and not less than 28Omm. The circumference shall be 120 to 130 millimetres and it shall not weigh less than 50 grams. NOTE.-The baton should be coloured so as to be easily visible during the race. 5.-The position of the teams at the start of the race shall be drawn, and shall be retained at each take over zone. After lanes shall have ceased to be used, waiting runners can move to an inner position on the track as incoming team-mates arrive, provided this can be done without fouling. 6.-In events where the first part of the race is run in lanes'1 competitors, after completing this part, are free to take . . any position on the track. 7.-Competitors after handing over the baton should remain in their lanes or zones until the course is clear, to avoid obstruction to other competitors. Should any competitor wilfully impede a member of another team by running out of position or lane at the finish of the stage, he is liable to cause the disqualification of his own team. RULE 166

lOO

8.-Assistance by pushing-off or by any other method will cause disqualification. 9.-0nce a team has competed in the preliminary rounds of an event, the composition of the team must not be altered for any subsequent round or final. With the approval of the Referee, however, this may be permitted in the case of an injury or illness certified by the official medical officer appointed for the Meeting to be such as to make it unwise for the competitor to run. It is permissible for the order of running to be changed between heats and succeeding rounds or final. No competitor may run two sections for a team .

â&#x20AC;˘

RULE 167 Team Races I.-In team races the maximum number of starters comprising a team and the number of competitors whose positions are to count shall be stated in the programme. 2.-Stations shall be drawn and the members of each team shall be lined up behind each other at the start of the race. 3.-If necessary, preliminary rounds may be held. 4.-The composition of a team must not be changed after a heat has been run. With the approval of the Referee however it may be permitted in the case of an injury or illness certified by the official medical officer appointed for the Meeting to be such as to make it unwise for the competitor to run. Only competitors finishing the full distance are eligible to compete in the final. 5.-The method of scoring shall be optional and may be anyone of the following: (a) By scoring the least number of points, according to the positions in which the scoring members of a team finish. The positions of the non-scoring members of a team shall be scored in computing the scores of other teams, but when a team fails to finish the requisite , number to score, it shall be eliminated; or (b) By scoring the least number of points according to the positions in which the scoring members of a team finish. The positions of the non-scoring members of a team, whether it finishes all its members or not, shall be scored in computing the scores of other teams; or (c) By scoring the least number of points according to the positions in which the scoring members of a team

lot

RULES 166, 167

-----'-

finish. The finishing positions of the non-scoring members of a team, and the members of a team which fails to finish the requisite number to score, shall be eliminated; or (d) By scoring the lowest aggregate of the times recorded by the scoring members. . 6.-If two or more competitors tie for any place the p<?mts for the places concerned shall be aggregated and dlVlded . equally among the competitors so tying. 7.-ln case of a tie on points, the team whose last member finished nearest to first place shall be the wmmng team. I

distance of 125 metres. In all other respects, the appropriate rules governing track competitions shall be followed. (e) When laying out the course, very high obstacles should be avoided, so should deep ditches, dangerous ascents or descents, thick undergrowth and, in general, any obstacle which would constitute a difficulty beyond the aim of the competition. It is preferable that artificial obstacles should not be used, but if the scope of the promotion renders them unavoidable, they should be made to simulate natural obstacles met within open country. In cases where there is a large number of competitors, narrow gaps or other hindrances which would deny to the competitors an unhampered run must be avoided for the first 1500 metres. (d) The course must be measured and the distance declared at the time invitations are extended. The opportunity should also be taken to include a brief description of the course. (e) The responsibility for providing a proper course and its marking by flags, details of which should appear in the programme, rests with the promoting body, who should appoint clerks of the course, umpires and pointsmen at intricate parts of the course to direct competitors and see that they keep to the proper course.

RULE 168 Cross-Country Races

General:-

Owing to the extremely varying circumstances in which the cross-country running is practised especially in regard to different seasons, and distances, it is impossible to lay down any ngid legIslation for international standardisation of this sport. The following rules, however, are intended as a guide incentive to assist countries to develop cross-country runnmg both as a sport in itself and as a training adjunct to track and field events. Except where stated, the rules should also apply to women's events. I.-Season. The cross-country season should normally extend throughout the winter months after the close of the track and field season. 2.-The Course. For championship and international events: (a) The race shall be run over a course confined, as far as possible, to open country, fields, heathland, commons and grassland. A limited amount of ploughef' land may be included. If the course passes throug.r< woodland without any clearly defined path or track, It must be clearly marked for the runners. The traversing of road of any description should be limited to the minimum. (b) The course for championship events must be clea:ly marked preferably with red flags on the left and whIte flags on' the right, all of which must be visible from a RULES 167, 168

102

NOTE.-For events other than international competitions, [he foregoing regulations governing the course may be modified according to local circumstances.

3.-It is recommended that competitors be placed in age categories. The following categories are those in force for the annuaII.A.A.F. Cross Country Team Championships:(1) Seniors: Any male athlete of 16 years of age and over on the day of the race. A male athlete under the age of 20 (2) Juniors: years on the 31st December in the year of the race. Any female athlete 15 years and (3) Women: over on the day of the race. Any female athlete under the age of (4) Junior Women: 18 years on 31st December in the

103

RULE 168

year of the race and not younger than 14 years of age on the day of the race.

4.-Distances (a) For Seniors the distance should not be less than 7 kilometres, nor more than 14 kilometres; For Juniors not less than 5 kilometres, nor more than 10 kilometres; For Women not less than 2 kilometres, nor more than 5 kilometres; (b) In International races, the Senior race should be approximately 12 kilometres, the Junior race approxi-i mately 8 kilometres and the Women's race approximately 4 kilometres. NOTE.-Federations are advised to increase month by month the competition distances for the various categories. 5.-Teams and Reserves. The regulations for Teams, Reserves and number of runners to score will differ from competition to competition. The LA.A.F. Cross Country Team Championships ruling on this subject, however, which may be adopted as a standard . guide, is as follows:"For the Senior race, teams of not more than 12 competItors can be entered. Not less than six nor more than nine of these shall be allowed to start in the race, of which six will score. For the Women's and Junior races, teams of not less than four nor more than eight competitors can be entered. Not more than six shall be allowed to start in the race of which four will score." Except in international races, it may be possible to accept entries from individuals. In the same way, members of depleted teams, who on the day are unable to field the necessary scoring number, could also be allowed to compete as I individuals. 6.-The Start. The races shall be started by the firing of aÂˇ pistol. The standard commands for distance events shall be. used. In races which include a large number of competitors, a five-minute warning before the start of the race should be given, with additional warnings if required. 7.-No competitor in cross-country events is to receive assistance or refreshment from any person dunng the progress of the race. 104 RULE 168

8.-Scoring . (a) At the conclusion of a race the Judges shall decIde the respective places of the scoring competitors of each competing team, add these together and the team having the lowest aggregate shall be declared the winners. . (b) In assessing the aggregate, the fi.nishing positions of any individual runners may be elIminated and subsequent finishing positions adjusted accordingly, but with large fields this is not recommended. .l (c) In the event of a tie it shall be resolved in favour of thhe .,. team whose last scoring member finishes nearer t e first place. 9.-0fficials. The following officials are cons.idered to be necessary for international event.s, but orgamsers. are at liberty to vary these where local Clfcumstances requue. Referee Timekeeper Judge Timekeeper's recorder Judge's stewards Chief Funnel Judge Starter Funnel Controller Competitors'stewards Funnel Judge and recorder Technical Manager Umpires and Pointsmen DIsc dIstrIbutors Press steward Disc area stewards Prize steward Result recorder(s) NOTE.-I.A.A.F. Cross Country Team Championships:For the organisation of the above competitions held annually, to which all I.A.A.F. Members are invited, separate technical rules have been approved by the Cross Country and Road Running Committee and published by the I.A.A.F. Bureau.

105

RULE 168

SECTION IV JUMPING EVENTS RULE 171 High Jump CompetitoR Rules I.-The competitor must take-off from one foot. 2.-A competitor fails if he: (a) knocks the bar off the supports. (b) touches the ground including the landing area the plane of the uprights either between or the uprights, with any part of the body, without first clearing the bar. NOTE.-If a jumper when he jumps touches the landing area with his foot and in the opinion of the Judge no advantage is gained, the jump should not for that reason be considered a failure. 3.-The order in which the competitors take their trials shall be drawn by lots. See also Rule 143 (7). 4.-Before the beginning of the competition, the Judges shall announce to the competitors the starting height and the different heights to which the bar will be raised at the end of each round until there is only one competitor remaining in the competition, or there is a tie (See Rule 146). Once a competition has begun, competitors are not permitted to use the runway or take-off area for practice purposes. 5.-Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all jumps, including jumps taken in a jump-off of a first place 11 tie.

6.-A competitor may commence jumping at any height above the minimum height and may jump at his own discretion at any subsequent height. Three consecutive failures, regardless of the height at which any of such failures occur A disqualify from further jumping. ' NOTE.-The effect of this rule is that a competitor may forgo his second or third trial at a particular height (after failing first or 'iecond time) and still jump at a subsequent height. Jf a competitor forgoes a trial at a certain height, he may not make any subsequent attempt at that height. except in the case of a tie (see Rule 146). RULE 171

106

7.-Any measurement of a new height shall be made before competitors attempt such height. In all cases of records the Judges must check the measurements after the height has been cleared. NOTE.-Judges should ensure, before starting the competition, that the underside and front of the cross-bar are distinguishable, and that the bar is always replaced with the same surface uppermost and the same surface to the front. S.-Even after all the other competitors have failed, a competitor is entitled to continue jumping until he has lorfeited his right to compete further. ,t After the competitor has won the competition, the height or heights to which the bar is raised shall be decided after the Judge or Referee in charge of that event has consulted the wishes of the competitor. NOTE.-This does not apply for Combined Events. 9.-The uprights or posts shall not be moved during the competition unless the Referee considers the take-off or landing area has become unsuitable. In such a case the change shall be made only after a round has been completed. lO.-Marks. A competitor may place marks (supplied by the Organising Committee) to assist him in his run-up and take-off and a small handkerchief or similar object on the cross bar for sighting purposes. The Runway and Take-off Area ll.-The length of the runway is unlimited. NOTE I.-Where conditions permit the runway should not be shorter than 25 metres. NOTE 2.-1n competitions held under Rule 12, Paragraph 1 11 (a), (b) and (c) the length of the runway shall be at least 20 metres. 12.-The take-off area must be level. If portable mats are '.. 1used, all references in the Rules to the level of the take-off l'area must be construed as referring to the level of the top surface of the mat. 13.-The maximum overall inclination of the runway and take-off area shall not exceed 1:250 in the direction of the centre of the cross-bar. Apparatus 14.-Uprights. Any style or kind of uprights or posts may be used, provided they are rigid. 107

RULE 171

- -

- - - - - - - -

They shall have supports for the cross-bar firmly fixed to them. They shall be sufficiently tall so as to exceed the maximum height to which the cross-bar can be raised by at least 100 millimetres. The distance between the uprights shall be not less than 4.00 metres nor more than 4.04 metres. 15.-Cross-bar. The cross-bar shall be of wood, metal or other suitable material, triangular or circular in section. The length of the cross-bar shall be between 3.98 metres and 4.02 metres. The maximum weight of the cross-bar shall. be 2.0kg. l Each side of a triangular cross-bar shall measure 28-30mm. So as to avoid dangerously sharp edges, a triangular bar may be so formed that the edges are slightly rounded. The diameter of a circular cross-bar shall be at least 25mm but not more than 30mm. The ends of the circular bar shall be constructed in such a way that a flat surface of 25-30mm x 150mm-200mm is obtained for the purpose of placing the bar on the supports. Those parts of the bar which rest on the supports shall be smooth. They may not be covered with rubber or any other material which has the effect of increasing the friction between them and the supports. 16.-Supports for cross-bar. The supports for the crossbar shall be flat and rectangular, 40 millimetres wide and 60

Croubar

Crossbar

End of Crossbar

'\ rounded /

off;'

,30mm

\,._

Triangular

Bar

< -Z5-30--.

Alternative

HIGH JUMP

RULE 171

UPRIGHTS

108

NOTE.-The uprights and landing area should be so designed that there is a clearance of at least fOcms between them when in use to avoid displacement of the cross-bar through a movement of the landing area causing contact with the uprights. ,

:"ot.:- - - - - , - - - -

5 m

Ends

for

AND

Circular

Bar

CROSSBAR

-I

PLAN OF A SUITABLE HIGH JUMP LANDING AREA

3 m

- -

ttmm o<-6omml o-mm Support for

millimetres long. They must be firmly fixed to the uprights during the jump and shall each face the opposite upright. The ends of the cross-bar shall rest on them in such a manner that if the cross-bar is touched by a competitor, it will easily fall to the ground, either forwards or backwards. The supports may not covered with rubber or with any other material which has the effect of increasing the friction between the surfaces of the cross-bar and the supports. Nor may they have any kind of springs. 17.-There shall be a space of at least 10 millimetres > between the ends of the cross-bar and the uprights. ,t 18.-The landing area should measure not less than 5 metres x 3 metres.

---About 3Âˇ5 m-----;.;

RULE 172 Pole Vault

CompetitoR Rules I.-The order in which the competitors take their trials shall be drawn by lots. See also Rule 143 (7). 109

RULES 171, 172

2.-Before the competItion begins, the Judges shall announce to the competitors the commencing height and the different heights to which the bar will be raised at the end of each round. 3.-Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all his vaults, including vaults taken in a jump-off of a first place tie. 4.-A competitor may commence vaulting at any height above the minimum height and may vault at his own discretion at any subsequent height. Three consecutive failures (see Para. 9) regardless of the height at which any of such failures! 1 occur, disqualify from further vaulting. NOTE.-The effect of this rule is that a competitor may forgo his second or third vaults at a particular height (after failing first or second time) and still jump at a subsequent height. If a competitor forgoes a trial at a certain height, he may not make any subsequent attempts at that height, except in the case of a first place tie (See Rule 146). 5.-Any measurement of a new height shall be made before competitors attempt such height. In all cases of records the Judges must check the measurements after the height has been cleared. NOTE.-Judges should ensure, before starting the competition, that the underside and front of the cross-bar are distinguishable, and that the bar is always replaced with the same surface uppermost and the same surface to the front. 6.-Even after all the other competitors have failed a competitor is entitled to continue vaulting until he has forfeited his right to compete further. After the competitor has won the competition, the height or heights to which the bar is raised shall be decided after the Judge or Referee in charge of that event has consulted the wishes of the competitor. NOTE.-This does not apply for Combined Events. 7.-Any competitor may have the uprights moved in" either direction but they may not be moved more than 0.60 metres from the prolongation of the inside edge of the top of the stopboard. NOTE.-A white line !cm wide may be drawn at right angles to the axis of the runway, at the level of the inside edge of the top of the box. This line shall be prolonged as far as the outside edge of the uprights. RULE 172

110

8.--Competitors are permitted during the competition to 1I place a substance on their hands or on the pole, in order to obtain a better grip. The use of a forearm cover to prevent injuries shall be allowed. The use of tape on the hands or fingers shall not be allowed except in the case of the need to cover an open wound. 9.-A competitor fails if he: . (a) knocks the bar off the supports; or (b) leaves the ground for the purpose of making a vault and fails to clear the bar; or (c) after leaving the ground places his lower hand above the upper one or moves the upper hand higher on the pole; or (d) before taking off touches, with any part of his body or with the pole, the ground including the landing area beyond the vertical plane of the upper part of the stopboard. lO.-1f in making an attempt the competitor's pole is . broken, it shall not be counted as a failure. I.I.-No one shall be allowed to touch the pole unless it is falhng away from the bar or uprights. If it is touched, however, and the Referee is of the opinion that, but for the intervention, the bar would have been knocked off, the vault shall be recorded as a failure. Vaulting Poles 12.-Competitors may use their own poles. No competitor shall be allowed to use any of the private poles except with the consent of the owner. pole may be of any material or combination of matenals and of any length or diameter, but the basic surface must be smooth. The pole may have a binding only of not more. than of adhesive tape of uniform thickness. ThiS restnctlOn does n?t however apply to binding the b?ttom end of the pole With protective layers of tape for a dIstance of about 0.30 metres to reduce the risk of damaging the pole when striking the back of the box. The Runway, Take-off and Landing Area 13.-The length of the runway is unlimited. The minimum length provided for the runway shall be 40 metres. NOTE.-Where conditions permit, the runway should not III

RULE 172

be shorter than 45 metres. The runway shall have a maximum width of 1.22m. 14.-The maximum allowance for lateral inclination of the runway shall not exceed 1:100 and the overall inclination in the running direction 1: 1000. 15.-No marks shall be placed on the runway, but a competitor may place marks (supplied by the Organising Committee) alongside the runway. Once a competition has begun, competitors are not permitted to use runways for practice purposes. 16.-The take-off for the Pole Vault shall be from a box made of some suitable rigid material and which shall be sunk i level with the ground. (See paragraph 21.) 17.-The landing area should measure not less than 5 x 5 metres.

75mm

13mm MAXIMUM DIAMETER OR WIDTH

J ALTERNATIVE POLE

5·0 m

VAULT SUPPORTS

FRONT VIEW

SIDE VIEW

POLE VAULT EXTENSION ARMS

Apparatus , I8.-Uprights. Any style or kind of uprights or posts may'· be used, provided they are rigid. The distance between the uprights or between the extension arms where such are used, (See para. 20 Note) shall be not less than 4.30 metres or more than 4.37 metres wide. (See para. 19.) I9.-Cross-bar. The cross-bar shall be of wood, metal or other suitable material, triangular or circular in section.

The length of the cross-bar shall be between 4.48 metres and 4.52 metres. The maximum weight of the cross-bar shall be 2.5kg. Each side of a triangular bar shall measure 28-30mm. So as to avoid dangerously sharp edges, a triangular bar may be so formed that the edges are slightly rounded. The diameter of a circular cross-bar shall be at least 25mm but not more than 30mm. The ends of the circular bar shall be constructed in such a way that a flat surface of 25-30mm x 150mm- 200mm is obtained for the purpose of placing the bar on the supports. Those parts of the bar which rest on the supports shall be smooth. They may not be covered with rubber or any other material which has the effect of increasing the friction. 20.-Supports for cross-bar. Pegs shall be used to support the cross-bar and shall be without notches or indenta.lions of any kind, of uniform thickness throughout and not more than 13 millimetres diameter. They must not extend more than 75 millimetres from the uprights, and the crossbar shall rest on them so that if it is touched by a competitor or his pole, it will fall easily to the ground in the direction of the landing area. The pegs may not be covered with rubber or with any other material which has the effect of increasing the friction between them and the surface of the bar.

112

113

5·0 m

RULE 172

Plan ora Suitable Landing Area

RULE 172

NOTE.-To lessen the chance of injury of a competitor by his falling on the feet of the uprights, as an alternative to the above, the pegs supporting the cross-bar may be placed upon extension arms permanently attached to the uprights, thus allowing the uprights to be placed wider apart, without increasing the length of the cross-bar. (See diagram).

meets the stopboard. The box should be constructed in such a manner that the sides slope outwards and end next to the stopboard at an angle of approximately 120° to the base. If the box is constructed of wood, the bottom shall be lined with 2.5 millimetres sheet metal for a distance of 800 millimetres from the front of the box. RULE 173

Long Jump Competition Rules 600lsteel Lining for Wooden Box mm r - - - - lOO mm

1.1i

PLAN

Abou!/'

. \-

. _'

VIEW

1010 m m - - - - - - · - - - - - Ground Level

',---=::::::: / fO"""

224 mm

200 mm

• I.-The order in which the competitors take their trials , shall be drawn by lots. See also Rule 143 (7). 2.-Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all his jumps. 3.-Where there are more than eight competitors, each competitor shall be allowed three trials and the eight competitors with the best jumps shall be allowed three additional trials. In the event of a tie* for eighth place, any competitor so tying shall be allowed the three additional trials. Where there are eight competitors or fewer, each competitor shall be allowed six trials. See also-Rule 142 (2). *Tying means, in this connection, clearing the same distance, and Rule 146 (3) should flat therefore be applied.

21.-Box. This shall be constructed of some suitable rigid material, sunk level with the ground and shall be 1 metre{ in length, measured along the inside of the bottom of the box, 600 millimetres in width at the front end and tapenng to 150 millimetres in width at the bottom of the stopboard. The length of the box at ground level and the depth of the stopboard will depend upon the angle formed between the base and stopboard which shall be 105°. The base of the box shall slope from ground level at the front end to a vertical distance below ground level of 200 millimetres at the point where it

Failures 4.-It shall be counted as a failure if any competitor (a) touches the ground beyond the take-off line with any part of the body, whether running up without jumping or in the act of jumping. To assist in judging, a plasticine indicator board should be provided behind the take-off board-See Paragraph 14; (b) takes off from outside either end of the board, whether beyond or behind the take-off line extended; (c) in the course of landing, touches the ground the landing area nearer to the take-off than the nearest break in the landing area made by the jump; (d) after a completed jump, walks back through the landing area; (e) employs any form of somersaulting; (f) uses weights or grips of any kind. 5.-If a competitor takes off before reaching the board it shall not for that reason be counted as a failure.

114

lIS

VERTICAL SECTION

POLE VAULT BOX

RULE 172

RULES 172, 173

The Runway 6.-The runway shall have a minimum width of 1.22 metres. The length of the runway is unlimited. The minimum length provided for the runway shall be 40 metres. NOTE.-Where conditions permit the runway should not be shorter than 45 metres. 7.-The maximum allowance for lateral inclination of the runways shall not exceed 1: 100 and the overall inclination in the running direction 1:1000. 8.-No marks shall be placed on the runway, but a competitor may place marks (supplied by the Organising COf!1-, mittee) alongside the runway. No marks shall be placed Ill' the landing area. . 9.-Once a competition has begun, competitors are not permitted to use the competition runway for practice purposes.

maximum height above the take-off board of 7mm. The board shall be mounted in a recess or shelf in the runway, on the side of the take-off board nearer the landing area. When mounted in this recess, the whole assembly must be sufficiently rigid to accept the .full force of the athlete's foot. The surface of the board beneath the plasticine shall be of a material in which the spikes of an athlete's shoe will grip and not skid. . The layer of plasticine can be smoothed off by means of a roller or suitably shaped scraper for the purpose of removing ,the footprints of the competitors. , NOTE.-It will be found very helpful to have spare plasticine boards available, so that while the footprint is being eliminated the competitors are not delayed. ;

10Zmm

..··3t

Take-oft' Board 10.-The take-off shall be marked by a board sunk level with the runway and the surface of the landing area. The edge of the board which is nearer to the landing area shall.be called the take-off line. Immediately beyond the take-off hne there shall be placed a board of plasticine or other suitable material for recording the athlete's footprint when he has foot-faulted. If it is not possible to install the a.bove the folIII fr.ont of lowing method should be adopted: the take-off line and across all the length of It over a Width of 100 millimetres the ground shall be sprinkled with soft earth or sand, at an angle of 30° to the horizontal. 11.-The distance between the take-off board and the end of the landing area shall be at least 10 metres. 12.-The take-off board shall be not less than 1 metre from the edge of the landing area. l3.-Construction. The take-off board shall be made oft' wood or some other suitable rigid material and shall measure 1.2lm to 1.22m long, 198mm to 202mm wide and maximum 100mm deep. It shall be painted . . 14.-Plasticine Indicator Board. This shall consIst of a ngid board 98mm-102mm wide and 1.21m-1.23m long, covered with plasticine or other suitable material on the top surface. The surface shall rise from the level of the take-off board at an angle of 30° in the direction of the running to a RULE 173

116

m.x

3 .... · . :

7mm

! ..

TAKE OFF BOARD AND PLASTICINE INDICATOR

Landing Area 15.-The landing area shall have a minimum width of 2.75 and the runway shall, if possible, be so placed that the middle of the runway when extended coincides with the middle of the landing area. NOTE.-When the axis of the runway is not in line with the centre line of the landing area (see diagram), this shall be achieved by placing a tape which shall de-limit a landing area which has the same width on either side ofthe central axis ofthe ,unway proIOnged. __ Z·75m min

--t -1

CENTRALISED LJ/TJ LANDING

117

J AREA

RULE 173

Measuring 16.-All jumps shall be measured from the nearest break in the landing area made by any part of the body or limbs to the take-off line, or take-off line extended. The measurement must be taken perpendicular to the take-off line or its extension. CONTROL OF SAND LEVEL IN LONG AND TRIPLE JUMP METAL

FACE

17.-In order to ensure the correct measuring of any jump, it is essential that the surface of the sand in the landing area should be accurately controlled so as to be level with the top of the take-off board. An approved apparatus for this purpose is illustrated above.

RULE 174 Triple Jump Competition Rules I.-The order in which the competitors take their trials shall be drawn by lots. See also Rule 143 (7). 2.-Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all his jumps. 3.-Where there are more than eight competitors, each competitor shall be allowed three trials and the eight competitors with the best jumps shall be allowed three additional trials. In the event of a tie for eighth place, any competitor so tying shall be allowed the three additIonal trials. Where there! are eight competitors or fewer, each competitor shall beÂˇ allowed six trials. NOTE.- Tying means, in this connection, clearing the same distance, and Rule 146 (3) should not therefore be applied. 4.-The hop shall be made so that the competitor lands first upon the same foot as that from which he has taken off; in the step he shall land on the other foot, from which subsequently the jump is performed. RULES 173, 174

IIX

Failures 5.-If the competitor while jumping touches the ground with the '"sleeping" leg it shall be considered as a failure. 6.-In all other respects the rules defining a failure for the Long Jump shall apply. (Rule 173 para 4 and para 5). The Runway 7.-The runway shall have a mllllmum width of 1.22 metres. The length of the runway is unlimited. The minimum length provided for the runway shall be 40 metres. NOTE.-Where conditions permit the runway should not be fhorter than 45 '?'letres. . . . . 8.-The maXImum allowance for lateral mchnatlOn of the runway shall not exceed 1: 100 and the overall inclination in the running direction 1:1000. 9:-No marks shall be placed on the runway, but a commay marks (supplied by the Organising Committee) alongside the runway. No marks shall be placed in the landing area. .Once a competition has begun, competitors are not permitted to use runways for practice purposes. Take-off Board .10.-The take-off shall be marked by a board sunk level With the runway and the surface of the landing area, and placed at least 13 metres from the landing area. The edge of the board :vhich is to the landing area shall be called the take-off hne. Immediately beyond the take-off line, there shall be placed a board of plasticine or other suitable material for recording the athlete's footprints when he has foot-faulted. . If it is not possible to install the above apparatus, the followmg should be adopted:-immediately in front of the take-off hne and across all the length of it over a width of 100 millimetres the ground shall be sprinkled with soft earth or and , at an angle of 30Â° to the horizontal. . l1.-The distance between the take-off board and the end of the landing area shall be at least 21 metres. 12.-The take-off board shall be not less than 11 metres from the edge of the landing area. 13.-Construction. The take-off board shall be made of wood or some other suitable rigid material and shall measure 1.21m to 1.22m long, 198mm to 202mm wide and maximum lOOmm deep. It shall be painted white.

119

RULE 174

14.-Plasticine Indicator Board. This shall consist of a rigid board, 98mt:D-:-102mm wide. and 1.21m-:-1.23m long, covered with plastlcme or other sUItable matenal on the top surface. The surface shall rise from the level of the take-off board at an angle of 30Â° in the direction of the running to a maximum height above the take-off board of7mm. The shall be mounted in a recess or shelf in the runway, on the SIde of the take-off board nearer the landing area. When mounted in this recess, the whole assembly must be sufficiently rigid to accept the full force of the athlete's foot. The surface of the board beneath the plasticine shall be of a material in which the spikes of an athlete's shoe will grip and' not skid. The layer of plasticine can be smoothed off by means a roller or suitably shaped scraper for the purpose of removIng . . the footprints of the competitors. NOTE.-It will be found very helpful to have spare plastlcme boards available, so that while the footprint is being eliminated the competitors are not delayed.

198 mm

min

max

_--i,,---,..---_2='2

Run

u";.1

: i

IiL _ T a p e Div;di;g line

CENTRALISED LJ/TJ LANDING

-Cl

AREA

Measuring 16.-All jumps shall be measured from the nearest break in 'the landing area made by any part of the body or limbs to the take-off line, or take-off line extended. The measurement must be taken perpendicular to the take-off line or its extension.

CONTROL OF SAND LEVEL IN LONG AND TRIPLE JUMP

Take Off Board

I 111 mm

3mm

min

Plasticine

Indicator Board

_ TAKE OFF BOARD AND PLASTICINE INDICATOR

17.-ln order to ensure the correct measuring of any jump, it is essential that the surface of the sand in the landing area should be accurately controlled so as to be level with the top of the take-off board. An approved apparatus for this purpose is illustrated above.

Landing Area . . . IS.-The landing area shall have a mInImUm WIdth of 2.75t metres and the runway shall, if possible, be placed t.hat the middle of the runway when extended cOIncIdes WIth the middle of the landing area. NOTE.-When the axis of the runway is not in line with the centre line of the landing area (see diagram), this shall be achieved by placing a tape which shall de-limit a landing area which has the same width on either side ofthe central axis ofthe runway prolonged. RULE 174

120

121

RULE 174

SECTION V THROWING EVENTS RULE 181 Putting the Shot Competition Rules 1.-The order in which the competitors take their trials shall be drawn by lot. See also Rule 143 (7). 2.-Where there are more than eight competitors, each competitor shall be allowed three trials, and the eight competitors with the best performances shall be allowed additional trials. In the event of a tie for eighth place, any competitor so tying shall be allowed three additional trials. Where there are eight competitors or fewer, each competitor shall be allowed six trials. See also Rule 142 (2). NOTE.- Tying means, in this connection, achieving the same distance, and Rule 146 (3) should not therefore be applied. At the competition ground, each competitor may, if possible, have two practice trials but no more. These should be made in order of the draw, and competitors called by name under the supervision of the judges. Once a competition has begun, competitors are not permitted to use the circle or ground within the sector for practice trials, with or without implements. 3.-Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all his puts. 4.-The put shall be made from a circle. At the middle of the circumference, in the front half of the circle, a stop board shall be placed firmly fastened to the ground. The putting area shaH consist of cinders or grass or some suitable material on which the shot makes an imprint. 5.-A competitor must commence the throw from a ! stationary position inside the circle. The shot shall be put from the shoulder with one hand only. At the time the competitor takes a stance in the ring to commence a put, the shot shall touch or be in close proximity to the chin and the hand shall not be dropped below this position during the action of putting. The shot must not be brought behind the line of the shoulders. 6.-A competitor is allowed to touch the inside of the iron band and of the stop board. RULE 181

122

shall be a foul throw and not allowed to count if the competitor, after he stepped into the circle and begun to make a touches With any part of his body the ground outside the top of the iron band, stop-board or errde o.r releases the shot in making any attempt. ProVided Ill. the course of a trial the foregoing rules have not been mfnnged, a competitor may interrupt a trial once may lay his down, and may then Circle before returmng to a stationary position and begmmng a fresh trial. , 7.-The competitor must not leave the circle until the imtelement has t?uched the ground. When leaving the circle, the first ,:ontact With the top of the iron band or the ground outside the Circle m.ust be behind the white line which is drawn outside. the cucle running theoretically through the centre of the CIrcle. See 18-:--Construction of a shot circle. 8.-For a vahd tnal, the shot must fall so that the nearest made by the fall of the shot is within the inner edges of hnes 0.05 metres wide, marking a sector of 40 set out on the ground so thatthe lines cross at the centre of the circle. .The ends of the hnes marking the sector should be marked WIth sector flags. NOTE. I-The flag should be entirely of metal. It should be rectangular m shape, measure approximately 0.2m x OAm, and be not less than 0.6 metres in length, above the The standard should be approximately 8mm in dIameter. 2-The .400 secta!' may be laid out accurately and convemently by makmg the dIstance between the two points on the sector lmes 20m from the centre of the circle exactly 13.68m apart. . 9 .maximum allowance for the overall downward mclInatlon III the throwing direction of the putting area shall fot exceed 1: 1000. . '. 1O.--:The measurement of each put shall be made Immediately after the put. fr?m the nearest mark made by the of the to the Ills1de of the circumference of the cucle, along a hne from the mark made bv the shot to the cen. tre of the circle. 1:-A distinctive flag or disc shall be provided to mark the e.xlstmg World Record and when appropriate the existing natIOnal record. 0

123

RULE 181

12.-At competitions held under Rule 12, 1. (a), (b) and (cL only implements provided by the Orgamsers be used, and no modification can be made to. them dunng the competition. No competitor shall be permitted to take any implement into the arena. . At meetings between two or more .Members, competItors may use their own implements, these are checked and marked as approved by the before the competition and made available to all competitors. . 13 (a).-No device of any kind--e.g. the tapmg of tw<? or more fingers together--:-which in any way assists a competitor when making a put, shall be allowed. The use of tape on thq hand shall not be allowed except in the case of the need to cover an open cut or wound. (b) The use of gloves is not allowt:d. . (c) In order to obtain a better gnp, are per11 mitted to use a suitable substance on their hands only. . (d) In order to protect the spine from ini,ury, a may wear a belt of leather or some other sUitable matenal. 14.-A competitor may not spray or spread any substance 11 in the circle nor on his shoes. 15.-After a put has been completed, the shot must be carried back to the circle and never thrown back. Construction of Shot. 16 -The shot shall be of solid iron, brass or any metal not than brass, or a shell of such metal filled with lead or other material. It must be spherical in shape and the surface must be smooth. 17.-It shall conform to the following specifications:

Shot

Women

Men

7.260 kg

Range for supply of equipment for competition

7.265 kg7.285 kg

Shot

Men

Diameter Minimum Maximum

110rnm 130mm ..

Women 95mm 110mm

Construction of Shot Circle . 18.-Construction. Circles shall be made of band iron, tteel or other suitable material, the top of which shall be flush with the ground outside. The interior of the circle may be constructed of concrete, asphalt or some other firm but not slippery material. The surface of this interior shall be level and 20mm Âą 6mm lower than the upper edge of the rim of the circle. A portable circle meeting with these specifications is permissible. A white line 50mm wide shall be drawn from the top of the metal rim extending for at least O.75mm on either side of the circle. It may be made of paint, wood or other suitable material. The rear edge of the white line shall form a prolongation of a theoretical line at right angles to the centre line of the throwing sector the rear edge of which passes through the centre of the circle.

WHITE

4.000 kg

Continued on page 125.

Continued from page 124.

LINES

Weight Minimum for acceptance of a record

RULE 181

--------- ----- - - -

4.005 kg4.025 kg LAYOUT OF SHOT CIRCLE

124

125

RULE 181

19.-Measurements. The inside diameter of the circle . . .. shall measure 2.135m (Âą 5mm). The rim of the circle shall be at least 6 millImetres m thickness and shall be painted white. Stop Board d 20.-Construction. The board shall be made of woo or some other suitable material in the shape of an so that the inner edge coincides with the inner edge of the cude, also so made that it can be firmly fixed to the ground. 21.-Measurements. The board shall 1.21m 1.23m long on the inside, 112mm to 116mm wide. an.d 98mm to 102mm high in relation to the level of the InSide of the circle. . d h' 22.-Finish. The board shall be pa10te w Ite.

.. ...<.-112-11' mlft.li

Surface

102 mm

of Circle

Stop Board Gro und Level

mm . ircl.

RULE 182 Throwing the Discus Competiton Rules . . . 1 -The order in which the competitors take theu tnals shail be drawn by lot. See also Rule 143 (7) . 2.-Where there are more than eight each competitor shall be allowed three trials, and the eight itors with the best sha.ll be allowed three tional trials. In the event of a tie for I;Jlace, competitor so tying shall be three additional Where there are eight competitors or fewer, each competitor shall be .. allowed six trials. See also Rule 142 (2).. NOTE.- Tying means, in this connectIOn, achlevmg the same distance, and Rule 146 (3) should not therefore be applied. RULES 181,182

126

At the competition ground, each competitor may, if possible, have two practice trials but no more. These should be made in order of the draw, and competitors called by name under the supervision of the judges. Once a competition has begun, competitors are not permitted to use the circle or ground within the sector for practice trials, with or without implements. 3.-Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all his throws. 4.-The discus shall be thrown from a circle. The coma>etitor must commence the throw from a stationary position. ., 5.-The competitor is allowed to touch the inside edge of the circle. It shall be a foul throw and not allowed to count ifthe competitor, after he has stepped into the circle and begun to make a throw, touches with any part of his body the ground outside the circle, the top edge of the circle or improperly releases the discus in making any attempt. Provided that in the course of a trial the foregoing rules have not been infringed, a competitor may interrupt a trial once started, may lay his implement down, and, may then leave the circle before returning to a stationary position and beginning a fresh trial. 6.-The competitor must not leave the Circle untIl the implement has touched the ground. When leaving the circle, the first contact with the top of the iron band or the ground outside the circle must be completely behind the white line which is drawn outside the circle running theoretically through the centre of the circle. See Paragraph 19-Construction of a Discus Circle. 7.-For a valid trial, the implement must fall so that the point of impact is within the inner edges of lines 50mm wide marking a sector of 40Â° set out on the ground so that the radii lines cross at the centre of the circle. t See Notes to Rule 181 para. 8 for sector flag construction and layout of 400 sector. 8.-The maximum allowance for the overall downward I1 inclination in the throwing direction of the throwing field shall not exceed 1: 1000. 9.-The measurement of each throw shall be made immediately after the throw from the nearest mark made by the fall of the discus, to the inside of the circumference of the

RULE 182

circle, along a line from the mark made by the implement to . the centre of the circle. 1O.-A distinctive flag or marker shall be provided to mark the best throw of each competitor, and this shall be placed along a line or tape outside the sector lines. . to the A distinctive flag or disc shall also be existing World Record and when appropnate the eXIstmg national record. ll.-At competitions under Rule 12, 1 (a), (b) and (c), only implements provided by the Organisers may be used, and no modification can be made to them during the competition. No competitor shall be permitted to take any implet ment into the arena. At meetings between two or more Members, competitors may use their own implements, provided these are checked and marked as approved by the before the competition and made available to all competItors. 12 (a).-No device of any kind-e.g. the taping of two or more fingers together-which in any way assists a competitor when making a throw, shall be allowed. The use of tape on the hand shall not be allowed except in the case of the need to cover an open cut or wound. (b) The use of gloves is not allowed. (c) In order to obtain a better grip, compet.itors permitted to use an adhesive substance such as resm or a SImIlar substance on their hands only. (d) In order to protect the spine from injury, a competitor may wear a belt of leather or some other suitable material. 13.-A competitor may not spray or spread any substance 11 in the circle nor on his shoes. 14.-Implements must be carried back to the circle and never thrown back. Construction of the Discus 15.-Construction: The body of the Discus shall be of wood, or other suitable material, with a metal rim, the edge of which shall be circular. The cross section of the edge shall be rounded in a true circle having a radius of approximately 6mm. There may be circular plates set flush into the centre of the sides. Alternatively the Discus may be made without metal plates, provided that the equivalent area is flat and the meaand total weight of the implement surements correspond to the specifications. RULE 182

128

Each side of the Discus shall be identical and shall be made without indentations, projections or sharp edges. The sides shall taper in a straight line from the beginning of the curve of the rim to a circle of a radius 25mm (min.), 28.5mm (max.) from the centre of the Discus. 16.-It shall conform to the following specifications:

Men

Women

2.000kg

1.000kg

2.005kg -2.025kg

1.005kg -1.025kg

Outside diameter Min. of metal rim Max.

219mm 221mm

180mm 182mm

Diameter of metal plate or flat centre area

Min. Max.

. 50mm 57mm

50mm 57mm

Thickness over flat centre area or metal plates

Min. Max.

44mm 46mm

37mm 39mm

Thickness of rim (6mm from edge)

Min.

12mm

Discus

â&#x20AC;˘

Weight Minimum for acceptance of record Range for supply of equipment for competion

-i I--

r= 6mm

DISCUS

50-57mm

--t-

CIl

;001

Men 219-221 mm Women 1 80-182mm

129

E o

RULE 182

Construction of Discus Circle 17.--Circles shall be made of band iron, steel or other suitable material, the top of which shall be flush with the ground outside. The interior of the circle may be constructed of concrete, asphalt or some other firm but not slippery material. The surface of this interior shall be level and 20mm ± 6mm lower than the upper edge of the rim of the circle.

18.-Measurements. The circle shall measure 2.50 metres (± 5mm) inside diameter. The rim of the circle shall be at least 6 millimetres in thickness, and shall be painted white. .

50mm

/."

I min

LAYOUT OF DISCUS CIRCLE 19.-A white line 50mm wide shall be drawn from the top of the metal rim extending for at least O.75mm on either side of the circle. It may be made of paint, wood or other suitable material. The rear edge of the white line shall form a prolongation of a theoretical line at right angles to the centre line of the throwing sector the rear edge of which passes through the centre of the circle. RULE 182

130

RULE 183 Discus Throwing Cage i.-All discus throws shall be made from an enclosure or to ensure the safety of spectators, officials and competitors. The cage specified in this Rule is intended for use in a major stadium spectators all the way round the outside of the arena and With other events beside discus throwing taking Where this does not apply, and place. in .the especI?lly m trammg areas, a much simpler construction may be Advice is available, on request, from orgamsatlons or from the LA.A.F. Bureau. • NOTE:-The hammer throwing cage specified in Rule 185 may also be used d{scus throwin8.' either by installing a 2.135/2.5m concentrlc Circle, or by uSing an extended version of that cage with a second discus circle installed behind the hammer circle. Details are given in Rule 185. .2.-The cage should be designed, manufactured and maintamed so as to be capable of stopping a 2kg discus moving at a speed of up to 25 metres per second. The arrangement should be such that while stopping the discus there is no danger of it ricocheting off fixed members of the cage, back towards the athlete or over the top of the net. Provided it satisfies all the requirements in this rule, any form of cage design and construction can be used. .3 ..- The cage should be U-shaped in plan, consisting of a mlmmum of 6 panels of netting 3 .17m wide, as shown in the diThe width of the mouth should be 6m, positioned Srn ID front of the centre of the throwing circle. The minimum height of the netting panels should be at least 4m. should .be made in the design of the cage to prevent a dISCUS forCIng its way through any joints in the cage or the netti!lg or underneath the netting panels. AlternatIvely, the hammer throwing cage specified in these rules from 1959-1978 can be re-used for the discus. In this Aase., the circle should be positioned O.80m further back, (this WIth the centre of the CIrcle 5.0m from the 6m wide mouth) in order to decrease the danger sector. 4.-The for the cage can be made from suitable natural or synthetic fibre cord or alternatively from mild or high tensile steel wire. The maximum mesh size shall be 50mm for wire and 44mm for cord netting. The minimum size of cord or wire depends critically on the construction of the cage, but the minimum breaking stress should be at least 40kg.

131

RULE 183

In order to ensure the continued safety of the cage, the steel netting should be inspected after every 12 months continuous service. NOTE:-Visual inspection is not sufficient for fibre cord. Instead, several "tell tale" lengths of the standard cord should be worked into the netting by the manufacturers. One of these can be removed after every /2 months' continuous service and tested to ensure the continyed strength of the netting. 5.-The maximum danger sector for discus throws from this cage is approximately 98Â°, including both right and lefthanded __ throwers. The position and alignment of the cage in the arena Os, therefore, critical for its safe use.

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Competition Rules I.-The order in which the competitors take their trials shall be drawn by lot. See also Rule /43 (7). 2.-Where they are more than eight competitors, each competitor shall be allowed three trials, and the eight competitors with the best performances shall be allowed three additional trials. In the event of a tie for eighth place, any competitor so tying shall be allowed three additional trials. Where there are eight competitors or fewer, each competitor shall be allowed six trials. means, in this connection, achieving the same distance, and Rule 146 (3) should not therefore be applied. At the competition ground, each competitor may, if possible, have two practice trials but no more. These should be made in order of the draw, and competitors called by name under the supervision of the judges. See also Rule 142 (2). A Once a competition has begun, competitors are not permit'ed to use the circle or ground within the sector for practice trials, with or without implements. 3.-Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all his throws. 4.-Gloves for the protection of the hands are permitted. The gloves must be smooth on the back and the front and the finger-tips must be exposed, i.e. the tops of the fingers of the gloves must not be closed. I.B

RULES 183, 184

No device of any kind--e.g. the taping of two or more fingers together-which in any way assists a competitor when making a throw, shall be allowed. The use of tape on the hand shall not be allowed except in 11 the case of the need to cover an open cut or wound. In order to protect the spine from injury, a competitor may wear a belt of leather or some other suitable material. In order to obtain a better grip, competitors in throwing the hammer are permitted to use an adhesive substance such as resin or a similar substance on their hands only. A competitor may not spray or spread any substance in the i' 11 circle nor on his shoes. Requirements for a valid Throw 5.-The Hammer must be thrown from a circle. The competitor must commence the throw from a stationary position. The competitor in his starting position prior to the preliminary swings or turns is allowed to put the head of the hammer on the ground inside or outside the circle. A competitor' is allowed to touch the inside edge of the circle. 6.-It shall not be considered a foul throw if the head of the hammer touches the ground when the competitor makes the preliminary swings or turns; but if, after having so touched the ground, he stops throwing so as to begin the throw again, this shall count as a trial throw. 7.-It shall be a foul throw and not allowed to count if the competitor, after he has stepped into the circle and begun to make a throw, touches with any part of his body the ground outside the circle, the top edge of the circle or if he improperly releases the hammer in making any attempt. S.-Provided that in the course of a trial the foregoing rules have not been infringed, a competitor may interrupt a trial once started, may lay his hammer down, and may then leave the circle before returning to a stationary position and) beginning a fresh trial. • 9.-Ifthe hammer breaks during a throw orwhile in the air, it shall not count as a throw. provided it was made in accordance with the rules. If the competitor thereby loses his balance and commits a foul, it shall not count against him. 10.-The competitor must not leave the circle until the hammer has touched the ground. When leaving the circle, the 11 first contact with the top of the iron band or the ground outside RULE 184

134

the circle must be completely behind the white line which is drawn outside the circle running theoretically through the centre of the circle. See Paragraph I5-Construction of a Hammer Circle. \I.-Hammers must be carried back to the circle and never thrown back. Measuring the Throw 1?-For vali? the must fall so that the point of IS wIt.hm the lOner edges of lines 50 milliI?.metres a sector of 40° set out on the ground so the radII lines cross at the centre of the circle. The ends of the lines marking all sectors should be marked with sector flags. See Notes to Rule 181 para. 8 for sector flag construction and layout of 4ff sector. 13.-The measurement of each throw shall be made immediately after the throw from the nearest mark made by the fall of the head of the hammer to the inside of the circumof the circle, along a line from the mark made by the Implement to the centre of the circle. l4.-A distinctive flag or marker shall be provided to mark the best .throw of each and this shall be placed along a Ime or tape outside the sector lines. flag or disc shall also be provided to mark the e.xlstmg World Record and when appropriate the existing natIOnal record. Construction of a Hammer Circle IS.-Construction: Circles shall be made of band iron, steel or other suitable material, the top of which shall he flush with the ground outside. The interior of the circle mav be constructed of concrete, aso,r other firm but nt)t slppery material. The surface y{)f thiS mtenor shall he level and 20mm ± 6mm lower than the upper edge of the rim of the circle. Measurements.-The inside diameter of the circle shall be 2.135 metres (± 5mm). The rim of the circle shall be af least 6 millimetres in thickness and shall be painted white. A wh.ite line wide shall be drawn from the top of the metal nm extendmg for at least O.75m on either side of the 135

RULE 184

circle. It may be made of paint, wood or other suitable material. The rear edge of the white line shall form a prolongation of a theoretical line at right angles to the centre line of the throwing sector, the rear edge of which passes through the centre of the circle. The hammer may be thrown from the Discus circle provided the diameter of this circle shall have been reduced from 2.50m to 2.135m by the placing of a circular ring inside which must not be dangerous for competitors.

The Throwing Field ;' 16.-The maximum allowance for the overall downward in-I c1ination in the throwing direction of the throwing field shall not exceed I: WOO. Hammers to be used l7.-At competitions under Rule 12, 1 (a), (b) and (c), only hammers provided by the Organisers may be used, and no modification can be made to them during the competition. No competitor shall be permitted to take any hammer into the arena. At meetings between two or more Members, competitors may use their own hammers. provided these are checked and marked as approved by the Organisers before the competition and made available to all competitors. The Construction of the Hammer 18.-The hammer shall consist ofthree parts: a metal head, a wire and a grip. 19.-Head. The head shall be of solid iron or other metal not softer than brass, or a shell of such metal, filled with lead or other solid material with a minimum diameter of 110mm. It must be completely spherical in shape. If a filling is used, this must be inserted in such a manner that# it is immovable and that the centre of gravity shall be not more than 6 millimetres from the centre of the sphere. lO.-Wire. The wire shall be a single unbroken and 3 millimetres straight length of spring steel wire not in diameter or No. 11 Standard Wire Gauge. and shall be such that it cannot stretch appreciably while the hammer is being thrown. The wire may be looped at one or both ends as a means of attachment. RULE 184

136

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LAYOUT OF HAMMER

O'75m

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CIRCLE

182'5mm

LAYOUT OF CONCENTRIC CIRCLES FOR DISCUS AND HAMMER

137

110

Centre of gravity of head Not more than 6mm from the centre of the sphere, e.g.-It must be possible to balance the head, less handle and grip, on a horizontal sharp-edged circular orifice 12mm in diameter (see diagram). " / _,'

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Suggested apparatus for testing centre of gravity of Hammer head

A suitable double loop grip is illustrated above

21.-Grip. The grip may be either of single or double loop construction, but must be rigid and without hingeing joints of any kind. It must not stretch appreciably while being thrown. Tt must be attached to the wire in such a manner that it cannot be turned within the loop of the wire to increase the overall length of the hammer. 22.-ConsTruction. The wire shall be connected to the head by means of a swivel which may be either plain or ball bearing. The grip shall be connected to the wire by means of a loop. A swivel may not be used. 23.-The hammer shall conform to the following specifications: Weight complete as Thrown Minimum for 7.260kg acceptance of record Range forsupply of equipment for competition

7.265kg- 7.285kg

Lcngth of Hammer measured from inside ofgrip Minimum 1175mm Maximum 1215mm ofhead Minimum I1 Maximum RULE 184

IIOmm 130mm

RULE 185 Hammer Throwing Cage I.-All hammer throws shall be made from an enclosure or cage to ensure safe.ty officials and itors. The cage speCIfied In thIs rule IS mtended for use m.a major stadium, with spectators all the way round the of the arena, and other events beside hammer throwmg takmg place on the finishing straight and the .two '.'D"s ?f.the centre. Where this does not apply, and -especIally m tramIng areas, a Admuch simpler construction may be ent.irely vice is available on request from national organisatIOns or from the LA.A.F. Bureau. 2.-The cage should be designed, manufactured and maintained so as to be capable of stopping a 7.26kg hammer head llOmm in diameter, moving at a speed of up to 29 metre.s per second. The arrangement should be such that there IS no danger of ricocheting or rebounding back towards the athlete or over the top of the cage. Provided that it s:'!tisfies all the requirements of this rule, any form of cage deSign and constructIOn can be used. . h. 3.-The cage should be ll-shaped in plan,. consisting of a V minimumof7 panels of nett 109, each 2.74m WIde as shown on the diagram. The width of the mouth be. 6m, positioned 4.2m in front of the ,centre of the throwmg cucle. The minimum height of the nettIng panels shall be at Srn. Provision should be made in the design and constructIon of the cage to prevent a .its way t.h:ough any joints in the cage or the nettmg. In addItion, proVISion should be made to prevent a hammer sliding along the ground 139

RULES 184, 185

- - -

underneath the netting. 4.-Two movable netting panels 2.0m wide shall be provided at the front of the cage, only one of which will be operative at a time. The minimum height of the panels shall be 5.5m.

- - - - - -

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NOTES:-

(i) These panels are used alternatively, the left hand panelfor a right handed thrower and the right hand panel for a left handed thrower. In view of the need to change over from one panel to the other during the competition, when both left and right handed throwers are present, it is essential that this changeover should require little labour and be carried out in the il minimum of time. . (ii) The left panel only is shown in the diagram, in position for the cage to be used by a right handed thrower. The end position for the right panel is also shown on the diagram. (iii)When in operation, the movable panel must be exactly in the position shown. Provision must therefore be made in the design of the movable panels to lock them in the operative position. (iv) The construction of these panels and their operation depends on the overall design of the cage and can be by sliding, hinging on a vertical or horizontal axis or dismounting. The only firm requirements are that the panel in operation must be fully able to stop any hammer striking it and there must be no danger ofa hammer being able to force its way between the fixed and movable panels. 5.-The netting for the cage can be made from suitable natural or synthetic fibre cord or, alternatively, from mild or high-tensile steel wire. The maximum mesh size shall be 11 50mm wire and 44mm for cord netting. The minimum size of cord or wire depends critically on the construction of the cage, but the minimum breaking strain should be at least 130kg. In order to ensure the continued safety ofthe cage, the steel net- . ting should be inspected at least every 12 months. Visual in- 'l spection is not sufficient for fibre cord. Instead several "telltale" lengths of the standard cord should be worked into the netting by the manufacturer. One of these can be removed every 12 months and tested to ensure the continued strength of the netting. 6.-Where it is desired to use the same cage for discus throwing, the installation can be adapted in two alternative ways. Most simply, a 2.135/2.5m concentric circle may be

RULE 185

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fitted, but this involves using the same surface in the circle for hammer and discus throwing. Where it is desired to have separate circles for hammer and discus, the two circles must be placed one behind the other with the centres 2.37m apart on the centre line of the throwing sector and with the hammer circle at the front. The shape of the rear of the cage must then be enlarged using a minimum of eight fixed panels 2.83m wide and two movable panels 2.0m wide, as shown on the diagram. The minimum height of the panels, both fixed and movable, for this enlarged cage shall be exactly the same as for the standard c a g e . , 7.-The safety of the hammer cage installation is dependent on the position and alignment in the arena. The maximum danger sector for all throws, including both left and right handed throwers, is approximately 85Â°. RULE 186 Throwing the Javelin Competition Rules I.-The order in which the competitors take their trials shall be drawn by lot. See also Rule 143 (7). 2.-Where there are more than eight competitors, each shall be allowed three trials, and the eight compet"Itors wIth the best performances shall be allowed three additional trials. In the event of a tie for eighth place, any competitor so tying shall be allowed three additional trials. Where there are eight competitors or fewer, each competitor shall be allowed six trials. NOTE.-Tying means, in this connection, achieving the same distance, and Rule 146 (3) should not therefore be applied. A! the competition ground, each competitor may, if possible, have two practice trials but no more. These should be made in order of the draw, and competitors called by name under the supervision of the judges. See also Rule 142 (2).., Once a competition has begun, competitors are not ted to use the runway or ground within the sector for practice trials, with or without a javelin. 3.-Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all his throws. 4.-No device of any kind--e.g. the taping of two or more fingers together-which in any way assists a competitor when making a throw, shall be allowed. The use of tape on the hand shall not be allowed except in RULES 185, 186

142

the case of the need to cover an open cut or wound. In order to protect the spine from injury, a competitor may wear a belt of leather or some other suitable material. In order to a better grip, competitors are permitted to use an adhesIve substance such as resin or a similar substance on their hands only. The use of gloves is not allowed. Requirements for a Valid Throw 5.-(a) The javelin must be held at the grip. It shall be _ thrown over the shoulder or upper part of the throwing arm '? and n:'ust not be slung or hurled. Non-orthodox styles are not V permItted. (b) No shall be valid in which the tip of the metal head does not stnke ground before any other part of the javelin. (c) A may not cross either of the parallel lines. It IS a foul.throw If the competitor touches, with any part of hIS body or lImbs, the strip (see paragraph 8), or the hnes from the extremities thereof at right angles to the parallel hnes, or the ground beyond the strip or those lines. to throw, until the javelin has (e) I\t no time been dIscharged IOta the an, may the competitor turn completely around, s? that his back is towards the throwing arc. . (f). A competItor shall not leave the runway until the has touched the ground. He shall then, from a standing pOSItIon, leave the runway from behind the arc and the lines drawn from of the arc. (see paragraph 8). (g) the Javelm breaks at any time in the course of the throw, It shall not count as a trial, provided the throw was made in accordance with the rules. 6.-.A foul throw or improperly releasing the implement in makmg an attempt shall be recorded as a trial, but shall not count. 7.-Javelins must be carried back to the starting line and never thrown back.

. The Runway and Throwing Field 8.-The length of the runway shall be not more than 36.5 30 IT1:etres and shall be marked by two metres b';lt not less. parallel hnes 50 mIllImetres In width and 4 metres apart. The throw shall be made from behind an arc of a circle drawn with a of 8 metres; such arc shall consist of a strip made of pamt, wood or metal 70 millimetres in width . painted white and shall be flush with the ground. Lines shall 143

RULE 186

1f--------------45m ---- -----------.

drawn from the extremities of the arc at right angles to the parallellines marking the runway. These lines shall be 1.50 metres in length and 70 millimetres in width. The maximum allowance for lateral inclination of the runway shall be I: 100 and the overall inclination in the running direction shall not exceed I: 1000. The maximum allowance for the overall inclination in the throwing direction of the throwing field shall not exceed I: 1000. NOTE.-It is recommended that the length of the runway should be not less than 33.5 metres. . 9.-No mark shall be placed on the runway, but comQpetitors may place marks-supplied by the Organising Committee-at the side of the runway. Measurements 10.-All throws to be valid must fall within the inner edge of lines 50mm wide marking the sector, set out on the ground by extending the lines from the centre (A) ofthe circle, of which the arc is a part, through the points (b) and (c) at which the arc joins the lines marking the runway. The ends of the radii lines should be marked with sector flags. See Rule 181 para. 8. Sectors may be marked at: e.g. 30m, 50m, 70m. ll.-The measurement of each throw shall be made immediately after the throw from the nearest mark made by the head of the javelin to the inside edge of the arc along a line from the mark made by the implement to the centre of the circle of which the arc is a part. 12.-A distinctive flag or marker shall be provided to mark the best throw of each competitor, and this shall be placed along a line or tape outside the sector lines. A distinctive flag or disc shall also be provided to mark existing Records, e.g. World or National records.

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Implements to be used 13.-At Competitions under Rule 12, I (a), (b) and (c), '"only implements provided by the Organisers may be used, and no modification can be made to them during the competition. No competitor shall be permitted to take any implement into the arena. At meetings between two or more Members, competitors may use their own implements, provided these are checked and marked as approved by the Organisers before the competition and made available to all competitors.

JAVELIN RUNWAY - THROWING SECTOR

Not to Scale RULE 186

145

RULE 186

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Construction

14.-The javelin shall consist of three parts: a head. a shaft, and a cord grip. The shaft may be constructed of either wood or metal and it shall have fixed to it a head terminating in a sharp point.

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15.-The cord shall be about the centre of gravity without thongs, notches or indentations of any kind on the shaft, and shall not exceed the circumference of the shaft by more than 25mm. The binding shall be of uniform thickness.

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16.-The cross-section shall be regularly circular through-$ out and the maximum diameter thereof shall be under the grip. From the grip the javelin shall taper gradually to the tip of the metal head and the rear tip. The line from the end of the grip to the tip of the metal head may be straight or slightly curved, but the curve must be gradual and there must be no abrupt alteration in the diameter of the section throughout the length of the .iavelin. NOTE.-Whilst the cross-section should be circular, a maximum difference between the biggest and the smallest diameter of the oval of 5 per cent is permitted. The mean value of these 2 diameters must correspond to the specification given for a circular Javelin.

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l7.-The javelin shall have no mobile parts or other apparatus which during the throw could change its centre of gravity or throwing characteristics.

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18.-It shall conform to the following specifications:

Javelin

Men

SECTION VI

Women

Weight (i nelusive of cord grip) Minimum for acceptance of record

800gm

600gm

Range for supply of equipment for competition

805gm -825gm

605gm -620gm

Overall length

Min. Max.

2.60m 2.70m

2.20m 2.30m

Length of metal head

Min. Max.

250mm 330mm

Distance from tipofmetal head to centre of gravity

Min. Max.

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Diameterof shaft at thickest point

Min. Max.

25mm 30mm

20mm 25mm

Width of cord grip

Min. Max.

150mm 160mm

140mm 150mm

19.-The tapering of the shaft from the !TIaximum diameter to the tip of the metal head or to the rear tip shall be! such that the diameter at the midpoint between the end of the cord grip and either tip shall not exceed 90 per cent of maximum diameter of the shaft and that at a pomt 150 millimetres from either tip 80 per cent of the maximum diameter.

RULE 186

148

RULE 191 Walking I.-Walking is progression by steps so taken that unbroken contact with the ground is maintained. At each step, the advancing foot of the walker must make contact with the ground before the rear foot leaves the ground. During the period of each step in which a foot is on . the ground, the leg must be straightened (i.e. not bent at the at least m?ment, in Vmg leg must be straIght m the vertically upnght posItIon. 2.-Judging and Disqualifications. The appointed Judges of walking shall elect a Chief Judge. However at Olympic Games, World and Continental Championships and the LA.A.F. Race Walking World Cup for the Lugano Trophy the Chief Judge shall be nominated by the Walking Committee of the LA.A. F. All the Judges shall act in an individual capacity. When, in the opinion of three Judges, one of whom may be the Chief judge, a competitor's mode of progression fails to comply with the definition during any part ofthe competition, he shall be disqualified and informed of his disqualification by the Chief Judge. In a competition either directly controlled by the LA.A.F. or taking place under permit, in no circumstances shall two Judges of the same nationality have the power to disqualify. NOTE.-At Olympic Games, World Championships and the Race Walking World Cup The Walking Committee shall in good time submit to the I.A.A.F. Council for approval the names of the walking judges to officiate at the relevant meeTing. For continental championships, a similar practise is recommended.

3.-Effect may be given to any such disqualification immediately after the conclusion of the competition, if Gcircumstances render impracticable an earlier notice to the competitor of his disqualification. 4.-A competitor may be cautioned when by his mode of progression he is in danger of ceasing to comply with the definition of walking; but he is not entitled to a second caution for the same offence. The decision to caution a competitor shall be made under the same procedure as fordisqualification set out in paragraph 2. Before a disqualification is announced the walker is normally entitled to a warning.

RULE 191

--- --- _._----

5.-ln track races a competitor who is disqualified must immediately leave the track, and in road races the disqualified competitor must immediately after his disqualification. remove the distinguishing number or numbers which he is wearing. and leave the course. NOTE.-It is recommended that a system of signalling "caution" by white flag and "disqualification" by red flag be lIsed as far as possible during a walking race for the information ofthe officials. competitors and spectators. 6.-ln all international races of more than 20 kilometres, refreshments shall be provided by the organisers, andi refreshment stations shall be arranged at 5 kilometres andt thereafter at every 5 kilometres. Refreshments which may either be provided by the Organiser or by the athlete himself, shall be available at the station nominated by the competit9r. The refreshments shall be placed in such a manner that they are easily accessible for the competitors or so that they may be put into the hands of the competitors. A competitor taking refreshments at a place other than the refreshment points appointed by the organisers renders himself liable to disqualification. At all walking events of 10kms or more, sponging points may be provided by the organisers at suitable intervals, corresponding to weather conditions. NOTE.-At International meetings, two officials from each country may be stationed behind the refreshment table. Under no circumstances may the officials from an athlete's own country run along beside the athlete whilst he is is taking his refreshment. 7.-ln the Olympic Games and in all major events the 50 kilometres walk shall be so arranged as to ensure that the first walker home finishes approximately at sunset in order that he may enjoy the best climatic conditions. 8.-For the Olympic Games and Area Championships or Games, the circuit for the 20 kilometre event should be " maximum of 3000 metres with a minimum of approximately 1500 metres. 9.-The organisers of events held on roads must take care to ensure the safety of competitors. In the case of Olympic Games and Area or Group Games or Championships Walking races, the organisers must where possible give an assurance that the roads to be used for the competitions will be closed in both directions; i.e. not open to motorised traffic.

SECT/ON VII COMBINED COMPETITIONS RULE 195 MEN (Pentathlon and Decathlon) 1.-.The Pentathlon consists of five events which shall be held m the followi.ng order.: long jump; throwing the javelin; 200 metres; throwmg the dISCUS; and 1500 metres. 2.-The Decathlon consists of ten events which shall be on two consecutive days in the following order: FIrst day -.100 metres; long jump; putting the shot; high Jump and 400 metres. thr?wing the discus; pole Second day-HO metres vault; throwmg the JavelIn; and 1500 metres. WOMEN (Heptathlon) 3.-The Heptathlon consists of seven events which shall be held either on one or two consecutive days in the following order: First day ---:-100 metres hurdles; putting the shot; high Jump; 200 metres. Qecond day-long jump; javelin throw; 800 metres. 'GENERAL 4.-At the discretion of the Referee there shall be whenever possible, an interval of at least 30'minutes between one event ends and the next event begins, for any mdlvldual athlete. 5.-The order of competing may be drawn before each separate event. In the 100 metres, 200 metres, 400 metres, 100 metres Hurdles and 110 metres Hurdles events, the COm-

150

151

RULE 191

NOTE.-A booklet for Walking Judges", pro. by the I.A.A. F. Walkmg Committee with the aim of ,?nn8,mg ak out a better understanding ofthe sport ofrace walk. l,!g, lS avazlable from the I.A.A.F. Bureau-see publications itst. RULE 192 LA.A.F. Race Walking World Cup for the "Lugano Trophy" Th!s competition will be conducted by a Sub.Committee e, appomted by. the Walking Committee of the LA.A.F. in vaccordance WIth Rules approved by Congress. A.

RULES 191, 192, 195

petitors compete in groups as decided by the Referee, so that preferably five or more competitors and never less than four are in each Group. In the son metres in the Heptathlon, one group should contain those competitors occupying the leading positions at the end of 4 events. In the 1500 metres in the Decathlon, the Heats may be made up and a draw made as and when competitors become available from the previous event. One Group should preferably contain the leading competitors at the end of nine events. The referee shall have power to rearrange any Group, if in hij opinion it is desirable. , 6. -The I. A. A. F. rules for each event constituting the competition will apply with the following exceptions: (a) In the long jump and each of the throwing events, each competitor shall be allowed three trials only. (b) Each competitor's time shall be timed by 3 timekeepers independently. If for any reason only two register times, and these two disagree, the longer time of the two shall be adopted as official. Alternatively times may be recorded by a fully automatic electrical timekeeping device. (c) In the running trials and the hurdles, a competitor shall be disqualified in any event in which he has made three false starts. 7.-The scores separately and combined should be announced to the competitors after the completion of each event. Only one system of timing may be applied. In case of electric timing, times shall be given to 1I100th of a second. Scoring shall be made from the table to 1I100th second. 8.-The winner shall be the competitor who has obtained the highest number of points in the five, seven or ten events. as the case may be, awarded on the basis of the LA.A.' Scoring Table. 9.-In the event of a tie, the winner shall be the competitor who in the greater number of events has received more points than the other competitor/competitors tying. If this does not resolve the tie, the winner shall be the competitor who has the highest number of points in any such events. This shall apply to ties for any place in the competition. RULE 195

152

lO.-Any athlete failing to start or make a trial in one of the seven events of the Heptathlon or in one of the ten events of the D.ecathlon shall not be allowed to take part in the event but shall be considered to have abandoned the He shall not therefore figure in the final classIficatIOn. Any decidi!lg to withdraw from a combined /1 shall Immediately inform the referee of hIs/her declSlon.

DIVISION IV RULE 381

EVENTS FOR WHICH WORLD RECORDS ARE RECOGNISED Fully Electrically Timed performances (E. T.) Hand Timed performances (H.T.) KT. only

MEN lOOm, 2oom, 400m, 1lOm Hurdles, 400m Hurdles, 4 x lOOm Relay.

KT.orH.T. 800m,1 Ooom, 1 500m, One Mile 2000m 3 OOOm, 5 OOOm, 10 OOOm, 20 1 25 OOOm, 30 OOOm, 3 OOOm Steeplechase. Relays: 4 x 200m, 4 x 400m 4 x 800m " 4 x 1500m. W.alking: 20km, Two Hours, 30km, 50km. Jumps: HIgh Jump, Pole Vault, Long Jump, Triple Jump. Throws: Shot Putt, Discus, Hammer, Javelin. Decathlon WOMEN ,.T.onl y lOOm, 2oom, 400m, lOOm Hurdles 400m Hurdles, 4 x lOOm Relay. ' E.T.orH.T. 800m, 1 500m, One Mile 3 OaOm 5 Ooom 10000m. '" Relays: 4 x 200m,4 x 400m,4 x 8oom. Walking: 5 Ooom, 10 OOOm. Jumps: High Jump, Long Jump. Throws: Shot Putt, Discus, Javelin. Heptathlon 153

RULES 195,381

" "

International Amateur Athletic Federation

- TIMEKEEPERS' CERTIFICATES - HAND TIMING e

FOUNDED IN 1912

9. I, the undersigned official timekeeper of the event mentioned on this form, do hereby certify that the time set opposite my siglolure was the exact time recorded by my wo!ch and that the watch used by me has been certified and approved by my Notional Association.

President: A. PAUlEN General Secretay : J.B. HOlT

Application for a World Record - Track Event. To: THE GENERAL SECRETARY OF THE I.A.A.F.,

Time........

Signature

Address

Time........

Signature

Address

Time........

Signature

Address

-CHIEf TI.vfKEEPER_

APPliCATION IS HEREBY fAADE FOR A WORLD RECORD, IN SlNPORT OF THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION IS SUllMITTED:- (Please type or use block cq>.tols) 1. Event

10. I confirm that the d>ove Timekeepers exhibited their wo!ches to me and that the times were c. stelted.

:::::::::::::::::::::

Nen/'Non_

2. Record claimed (time) .••.•••••.••.••..••••.•••..••••..••.••.•.•••.••..••.•••••.••. , •••• 3. Full nane of competitor

" •..•.. "

-ELECTRICAL TIMING11. A fully automatic electrical timing device was used.

and this was the official time.

The time recorded was....... ••••• •••

iF;;

'd';,il teen members

Signature of Operator.. (A Print of the Photo-finish must

'rh;,'

{and Club where appropriate) ••••.•..•••.•••.••.••.••.• , .. ,

5. Dote and time

6. Where held (Ground, Town, Country)

Signature of o,ief Timekeeper

-WIND GAUGE12. Velocity and direction of wind...............

Operator's Signature

eTRACK tvEASURERS' CERTIFICATE_ 13. We hereby certify tho! we measured with an approved tq>e the course over which this event was held. The exoct distance was:-

• GUARANTEE BY REfEREE.

7. I hereby

...

be enclosed).

certay:-

Tho! all the informotion recorded in this form is aceurate;

........ metres .•••.•••• centimetres OR .•..... miles ...... yds

Tho! all the q>propriote !.A.A.f. Rules of co....,.,tition were complied with.

The length of one lap wc. metres. cms OR .. ' " .yds. '" ft ins. The maxirnun allowance for Io!eral incl inotion did not exceed 1: 100 and in the n.onning direction 1:1000.

Name of Referee (BLOCK CAPITALS)

" , ' " •••• ,

. ..

Address Signature of Referee .••.•..••.••.••.••..••• , • • • • . .• • .

Date

.RECOMMENDATION BY I.A.A.f. I'.EheER COUNTRY.

e of I.A.A.F. Member.........................................

• LA.A.F.

Date

Dote

154

(Signature of Measurer)

(Qualification)

(Address)

. .

and their times were as follows;-

......................... i:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ........................... PLEASE ENCLOSE WITH THIS APPLICATION: 0 Progr......... of the Neeting and, for a Women's event, 0 certificate of sex, unless the athlete ' - an I.A.A.f. Certificate (Rule 141) .

APPROVAL.

...................................... President of the I.A.A,f.

(Address)

1st

Secretary .••... , '" ., ... '" ••••. .i ,

President. • . • • . • . . • • . . • • • • • . • . . . . • . . • . •

(Qualification)

14. The names of the fint three

were duly

qualified, and recommends this application for acceptance:

(Signature of Meat,,",r)

-RESU,T OF RACe-

F MerM>er hereby certifies that it is'satisfied with the accuracy of the • d I • A •A •• 8 The u nde nlgne • within mentioned statements, confirms that the officials conducting the

ins.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION DESIRED FOR HISTORICAL PURPOSES: State of weather Intermediate Times Type of track or runway Press cuttin91 if ovailal>le A Photo of the athlete. Condition of track or Nnway

155

International Amateur Athletic Federation

_ FIELD JUDGES' CERTIFICATE9. We hereby certify that the measurement stated opposIte our respective signatures is exact as measured in o<;cordonce with I.A.A.F. Rule 145 - "Measurements and Weights".

FOUNDED IN 1912 President: A. PAU.EN

We also certify that the implements used ;';'d circle or runway c"",,1 ied with IMF specifications

General Secretory: J. 8. HOLT

Application for a World Record - Field Event To: THE GENERAL SECRETARY OF THE I.A.A.F.,

{Distance or Height}

(Si gnaMe of F'ield Judge)

(Address)

(Signature of Field Judge)

(Address)

(Signature of Field Judge)

(Address)

162 Upper Richmond Road, Putney, LONDON SW15 2SL.

THE APPliCATION IS HEREBY MADE FOR A WORLD RECORD, IN SLfPORT OF FOLLOWING IS SUBMITTED:(please type or U$e block CapitalS)

1. Event•.•.......•....•..............••.••. , ..•.•..•..•..•..•.••.•••..•• Men/Women -SURVEYORS' OR MEASLRERS' CERTIFICATE FOR FIELD EVENTS-

2. Record claimed (height or distance) ..........•..........•..•..•.•..•.•........• metres 3. Full none of competitor

................................................................................ 4. Competitor's Country 5. Dote

··· .. · .. · .. • .. •

d time

·• .. ••·••··· .. · .. ·

6. Where held (Ground, Town, Country}

" ." · .. •

• .. · .. •

10. We hereby certify that the lateral inclination of the runway did not exceed 1:100 and in the running direction 1:1000• We also certify that the 9'ound where the i""lement landed was not lower th... the runway or circle or that the level of the Long Jump or Triple Jump landing Cl'eo was not lower than the take-off board.

·• (S i!7'atvre of Measurer)

(Qualification)

(Address)

(Si!7'atvre of Measurer)

(Qualification)

(Address)

_ GUARANTEE BY REFEREE-

7. I hereby certify:That all the information recorded in this fann is accurate;

-WIND GAUGE (lONG JUM' AND TRiPlE JU,.,., ONLY)-

That all the q:>propriote I.A.A.F. Rules of competition were complied with. Nmne of Referee (BLOCK CAPITALS)

Address .••.•.••••..• ··•••····•···• ..•....•.•.....••.......•......••............... .. Signature of Referee ····• .. • .. •· ··· .. • •· Dote

11. Force and direction of wind ..•.........

Operator's signature

-RESULT OF COMPETITION12. The names of the first three competitors and their performances were os follows:1st •.••..•••.••....•..••.........•...........•

_ RECONWCNDATlON BY I.A.A.F. MEMBER COlJ'.lTRY-

. •...•..•..........

2nd

8. The undersigned I.A.A.F. Member hereby certifies that it is satisfied with the accuracy of the

3rd

within mentioned statements, confirms that the officials conducting the competition were duly qualified, and recommends this application for acceptance: President...............................

Seeretoy

Name of I.A.A.F. Member...

•

• .. •

• .. •·

Dote

i·

EASE ENCLOSE WITH THIS APPliCATION: r09'omme of the meeting; For a Women's event,

_LA.A.F.

APPROVAL-

......................................

certificate of sex, unless the athlete has an IMF Certificate (Rvle

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION DESIRED FOR HISTC'RICAL PUPPOSES, State of weother Type of throwing surface or runway Condition of throwing surface or runway

Copy of the Scoring CCI'd Press cuttings if avoilable A Photo of the athl ete •

General Secretary of the I.A.A.F.

President of the I.A.A. F • Date

156

157

OFFICIAL LIST OF WORLD TRACK AND FIELD RECORDS AS AT 31.12.1980 Place

Date

Country

Holuer

Retort!

MEN l).<.J)

1011 met rc' .. 2110mdn::-,

metr", . 11001 Hurule' .. .jOOmHurdb .. x 101101 Relay.

JimHine, Pietru Mennea

1'I.n .. .JJ.XO . 1.".00 .

JX.O.'

LCl:

RenalJo Nehemiah Edwin Mu,e, .

USA Italy ... U.5.A

.. " . ..

U.s..'\

IIl.OX 12. '1.7'1 IX.IO.oX

USA. U.s.A ...

U.S.A. NatinnalTcHm ....

o. :..7'1 11. 0.77 3.'1.77

1000 met

'J. J..

.":."1 ..

ISOO met rc, . I milc. 2000 metre,. :1000 met n.'s ...

5000 met rc, . 100IMlmltrl' 2001l0mdre' I hour ..... 250011

U2 ..1.' .. .. 1 6. .':4X.X . 451 ..J.. .. 7:.'>21 .. L1:lJXA .. 27:22 ,.. .. 20,'144 metr", .. (I J.1II4 miles)

. .

." mIlOmelre' .... 3()()(lm

Ih.JUOA X;05.4 ..

SL'haslian ('oe . Coe . SlevcOvell . St..,;vcOvctl

JohnWalkn .. Henry Rono .. Henry Rono .. Hl'lHV

Ronn.

Jos Hcrmcns .. Jo, Hermen, Bill Rodgers .. J,m Alder ......

II.H

LusAngdcs Du,sddmf

(B. Cullin" S. RidJiek,

C. Wllcy,S. William,) NI rlt .. : In aeWrUallle with thl Jeli"on takln hy thl I.A.A. F. Montreal Cungre". fur races up to anu incluuing approveu rully automatic elcelrie,,1 timing Jeviee ,hall he aleepted. SOOmetrc'

MexicoClly McxicoCity Mexico City We,twood

Henry Rono ..

metres, only performaneLSJimeJ hy an

G.B.&N.I. G.B&N.I. .. GB&N.1. G.B&N.1. NewZcalanJ Kenya .. Kenya . Kenya .. Netherlands.. Netherlands..

S 7.7'1 I. 7.HlJ 27 X XlJ I. 7.XlJ .'>0. 11.711 27. 6.7H X. 4.7X \1: ('.7K 1. 5.711 I. 5.711

Oslo Oslo Kohlenz Oslo Oslo

U.SA ........ O.B, & N.I.. . Kenya ..

21. 2.7'1 'i '1.70 13. S.7H

Saratnga (CA)

0,10 Berkdcy Vienna Papendai Papenual Lonuon

Sealllc

Holder

x 2lJlJm Relay ..

Relay.

1:20.26

Uniwrsity of Southern California . (J. Andrews,J. Sanford. W. Mullins, C. Edwards) USA. National Team ...... (V. Matthew,. R. Free-

""'"'"

Country

Date

U.S.A .........

27. 5.7X

Tempe

20.1O.6X

Mexico City

U.S.S.R ....

IJ. X.7X

Pouolsk

Germany .....

17.

x.77

Cologne

Mexico .. Spain . Spain ..

17.10.7'1 X.

Place

man L. Ja'mes, L. Evans) 4

7:lJX.I .....

XllOm Relay

4x ISlIllmRclay

2lJKmWalk ........ Two Hnurs \Valk. .'>0 Km Walk .. :'OKmW'lik ....

Ih.211:lJl1.X ...... :!Xlh5 .. 2h.lJX:1I0. .'>h.41:.'>'I.

U.SS.R. NUlionaITeam .... (V. Podoliako, N. Kirov, W. Molozcmlin. A. Rechetniak) German National Team ..... (T. Wcssinghuge, H. Hudak, M. Lederer. K. Fleschen) Daniel Bautista .. Jose Marin . Jose Marin . Ro.llll Gonzalcz .

25. 5.7LJ

Montreal· Barcelona Barceltlna Fuml

FIELD EVENTS HighJump PoTe Vault

. . .

TriplcJump .. Shot PUll ... I)i:-... . u" . Hammer Ja\'din

DeL·alhlon.

2.3I1m(7·X·W') :'. 7Km ( IX' 11';,"1..... X.Yllm (2'1.2 ' /2").... 17.X'Im(5X'XI/2"). 71.16m (2.1.1·S"). XI.XOm(2oX·.j") 'I11.72m (.'> 17'4") . points........... (III.SX. 7.XOm.

G eruW cS>,g................... . Wlauysla'" Kozukiewiez .... Roller! Beamon... JoandeOlivcria.. UdoBeyer

." I,' "ill) 1!i1lll! SI,:hl11idl

yuriySejykh ......::.... Ferenc Paragi....... _ Kratschmcr _.lXIm.

G.D.R. P"land U.S.A

. . R. G.D.R. U.S.S.R Hungury..... F. R.Germ·any on.50m.

I. X.XO .'>11. 7.XO IX JlJ 6" . . 0 15.10.75 'I. N.7H X.7H 9. .'>1. 7.HIJ 23. 4.HO I1.HlJ

Moscow Moscow MexieoCily MexicoCily Berlin Berlin MOSl;'{)W

Tala Filderstadl-Bernhausen

1 KCl'Urd

Place

Date

Cuunlry

HnlLh.:r

WOMEN

IOllm Hurule, .. 401lm Hurdle, .. -l x IlIlImRelay XIHI mctrc, .. 15110 IllL'tn.:s

Marlh::-, (inhr . Marita Kodl_... Marita Kot.:h .,. {Jrazvna Kari,; Rossky .. G.D.R.Team .. (R. Muller. B. W6ckc\. I. Aucrswald. M. (ji\hr) Nildezhd"10li!.iJrcnko Tatyana Kazankina . Mary Dccker . Lyuumila Bragi'''' . (i.D.R.Tcam ......... (M Giihr. R. Muller. B. W,kkd. M. Koch) G.D.R.Tcam ..... (0. Malelzki. B. Rohlk. E. Strcidt. C. Brchmcr) U.S.S.R.Tcam .... (T. Providokhina.

III.XX .. '1.71

IOtll11dn:s. .. ..

I mile :lIMHlmclrc, 4 x 21Hlm Relay.

12 ..111

.. 4I.hll ... 1:5.1.1.1 .1:52.47 .. 4:21I1X. X:27.12. 12X.I'i

-l x -IlMIm Rday. 4 x XOllm Relay ....

G.D.R. G.D.R. O.D.R. Poland. GD.R .... G.D.R.

I. 7.77 Ill. 6.7Y

U.S.S.R. U.SS.R. USA. USSR G.DR ..

27. 7.1'11 13. X.XII

G.D.R ...

:11

U.S.S.R

Ih. X.76

...L X.79

D.6.XII IX. 5.XO I KXII

26. I.XII 7. X.7h X.XII

7.7h

Karl·Ma,,-Stadt Turin

Warsaw

Jelli.t

Moscow

Mnsl.'ow Ziirlch Auckland College Park. Marylanu Jena Montreal Pouobk

V. Gcrasimova,

S. Slvrkina. T. Kazankina) Congress. for races up 10 anu incluuing 4011 metre'. only perfoflllance' timeu hy an .... . L . h Ih'l,,; I • A • A . F . Montre',1 N< nE: In wit'I Ill: 1.1 .... l.:I1.Y < I . t.. IL'L1SUll'l approvt:d fully ;'lutolTIaliL' ch..'l:tril:<.ll timing device shall he :.lCCcph.:J.

FIELD EVENTS High.Jump Long.Jump Shol Pull, ..

Dist:us ..

Javelin .... Pcntalhl(lI1

2.lIlm(n'7W')

SaraSimconi ........

7.0YI11 (23' 3 1/./')..

Vilma Bardallskil..'nl'.

22.45m (7YX")... . 71.Xllm (2:15'7") .

70.11HIll (221.)' 11").

Ilona Slupianek . Mada Pclko"a

Tatviln,l Birvulina

50X:I point>............ ;-kilchcnko .. (1:129. IhX4m. I.X4m. 67.1m. 2:115.2)

Italy. U.S.S.R. G.D.R . Bulgaria LJ.S.S.R .. U.S.S.R

:11 X.7X X.7X 11. 5.XO U. 7.XII 12. 7.XII 2-1. 7.80

Praguc Prague Pot>uam Sofia

Pnuol,k

OFFICIAL LIST OF OLYMPIC GAMES RECORDS Time. Height or Distanct':

Holder

Country

Place

MEN HXlmelrc,. 200 melre,. 41Mlmetres ............... XOOmetres ....... 1500 metres 50lKI metres ... IIK)(K) metres.. ... I !Om Hurdks....... 4(Xlm Hurdles ......... :lOOOm Steepkcha'e .... 4 x IlJOm Relay Cl'

Relay

High Jump. ..... Trip dump .... PokVault Shot Putt .......... DiSl:us.

Hamrnt.:r. Javdin ........ Decathlon ...

Y.Y5 ................ ,.... IY.n ......... 43.86..... 1:.\:1.5. .. 13:2(U 27:38.4 .. 13.24. -17.6*...... 8:0X.O... :lX.ILJ..

Jim Hine' ....................... U.S.A. ........ Tommic Smith ................ U.S.A ......... Lee Evans. ............... U.S.A ......... Alberto Juantorena . Cuh"-- .. Kipchoge Keino ........ Kenya ......... Br<ndan Foster ............... G.B.&N.I ... Lasse Viren .................... Finland ........ U.S.A. ........ .............. Euwin OSeS .................. U.S.A ..... Ande" Giirucrud ............ Sweuen ... U.s.A.Teum. (I.. Black. R. Taylor. G. Tinker. E. Hart) 2:5h.I ................. U.S.A. Team ... : .............. (V. Matthews. R. Freeman. I.. .James. I.. Evans) 23hm (7'8-'1<") Geru Wessig ................... G.D.R ........ X.YOm (2Y'2'j,") .. Rober! Beamon ............... U.S.A ......... 17.3Ym(57'II'/,") ... Victor ............... , U.S.S.R ...... 5.7Xm (I X' 11 1/,") .. Wlauysluw Kozakiewicz . Polanu ..... 21.35m (70'O'j,") .... Vladimir Kiselyov ........... U.S.S.R. hX.2Xm (224'11") . MacWilkins .................. USA ......... XI.XOm OhW 4") ... Yuri Sedykh ................. U.S.S.R ...... Y4.5Xm ('lOT) ...... Miklos Nemelh ............... Hungary ...... 8618 points ........... Brucdenner .................. USA 7.22m. 15.:l5m. 2.03m. 47.51.1-1.84. 50.04m. -I.ROm. 68.52m: 4':'12'.6)

lY68 IY6X IY76 I%X ILJ72 Iyn

ILJ68

1%8 IY68

Mexico City Mexico City Mexico City Montreal Mexico City Montreal Munich Munich Montreal Montreill Munich' MexicoCily

Moscow

Mexico City Mexico City Moscow

1976

Moscow Montreal Moscow

ILJ7h ILJ7h

Montreal Montreal

WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS held in conjunction with the Olympic Games, Moscow 1980

MEN A. Wells S. Leon"r!! P. Petrov

100 METRES

(G.B.&N.I.) (Cuba) (Bulgaria)

4 x 400m RELA Y (R. Valiulis. M. Linge. N Chernetsky. V. Markin) 3:01.1 2. G.D.R. (K. Tbiele. A. Knebel. F. Schalfer. V. Beck) 3:01.3 3. Italy (S. Malinverni, M. Zuliani, R. Tozzi, P. Mennea) 3:04.3 I. U.S.S.R.

to,25 10.25

10.39

200 METRES

P. Menne" A.Wells O·QUarrie

:. er:,er:" . . .. :ci : V"l • •

et ci ci cl

viOO.cvi • • • :s .

= ::::I

:JOOV:J

I-

(Italy) (G.B.&N.I.) (Jamaica)

V. Markin R. Mitchell F. Schaffer

400 METRES (U.S.S.R) (Australia) (G.D.R.)

44.60 44.84 44.X7

S.Ovetl S.Coe N. Kirov

SOOMETRES (G.B&N.I.) (G.B,&N.I.) (U.S.S.R.)

1:45.4 1:45.9 1:46.0

S.Coe L Straub S.Ovetl

(G.B&N.I.) (G.D.R) (G.B,&N.L)

M. Yifter S. Nyambui K. Maaninka

13:21.0 13:2L6 13:22.0

M. Yilter K. Maaninka M. Kedir

10000 METRES (Ethiopia) (Finland) (Ethiopia)

27:42.7 27:44.3 27:44.7

T.Munkelt A.Casanas A. Puchkov

HOrn HURDLES (G.D.R.) (Cuba) (U.S.S.R)

13.39 13.·10 13.49

400m HURDLES V. Beck (G.D,R.) V. Arkhipenko (US.S.R) G.Oakes (G.B. & N.!.)

48.70 48.X6 49.11

W, Cierpinski G, Nijboer S. Dzhumanazarov

LONG JUMP L. Dombrowski (G.D.R.) 8.54m128'O'/." F. Paschek (G.D.R.) 8.2Im/26'II'/"" V. Podluzhnyi (U.S.S.R.) X.18m126' ur TRIPLE JUMP J. Uudmae (U.S.S.R.) 17. 35m/56' 11'/." V. Saneyev (U.S.$.R.) 17.Z4m156'o-'I"" J. C. de Oliveira(Brazil) 17.2Zm/56'6" SHOT V. Kiselyov (U.S.S.R.) A. Baryshnikov (U.S.S.R.) U. Beyer (G.D.R,)

2:11.03 2: 11.20

(U.S.s.R.)

2: IU5

DISCUS

Y. Sedykh S. Litvinov Y. Tamm

HAMMER (U.S.S.R.)WR (U.S.S.R.) 80.h4ml2h4'7" (U.S.s.R.) 78,%m1259' I"

D.Kula A. Makarov W. Hanisch

JAVELIN (U.S.S.R.) (U.S.S.R.) (G.D.R.)

163

9l.20ml299T I" 86.72m/284 ,6"

20KMWALK M. Damilano (Italy) P. Pochinchuk (U.S.S.R.) R. Weiser (G.D.R.)

Ih.23:35,5 Ih.Z4:45,4 Ih.25:5!U

SOKMWALK (G.D.R.) (Spain) (U.S.S.R.)

3:49:24 }:51:25 }:5il:J2

DECATHLON D. Thompson (G.B. & N.!.) Y. Kutsenko (US.5.R.) S, Zhelanov (U.S.S.R.)

8495 8831 8135

H. Gauder J. L10part Y.lvchenko

4 x lOOm RELAY 1. U.S.S.R. (V. Muravyov. N. Sidorov. A. Askinin. A. Prokofev) 3X.26 2. Poland (K. Zwolinski. Z. Licznerski. L. Dunecki. M. Wownin) .'KJJ 3. France (A. Richard. P. Barre. 1'. Barre. H. Panzo) 38.53

In2

ZI.35m170'IlL"-" 2 I. 1l8m/69'Z" 21.116m169'111."

V. Rasshchupkin (U.S.S.R.) 66.h4mI21X'S" I. Bugar (Czechoslovakia) 66.38m/217'9" L. Dellis (Cuba) 66.32m1217'7"

S:Il':!.7 S:12.5 8:13.6

MARATHON (G.D,R) (Netherlands)

HIGH JUMP (G.D.R.) WR 2.36m17'SJf"" (Poland) 2.Jlm17'7" (G.D.R) 2.3Iml7'7"

POLE VAULT W. Kozakiewicz (Poland) WR 5.7SmllX' 11'''-" (U.S.S.R.) 5,65mIlS'6'/""} eyual K. Volkov T. Slusarski (Poland) 5.65/18'6'h"

3:38.4 3:38.S 3:39.0

SOOOMETRES (Ethiopia) (Tanzania) (Finland)

0.'

G. Wessig J. Wszola J. Freimuth

1500 METRES

STEEPLECHASE B. Malinowski (Poland) Bayi (Tanzania) • Tura (Ethiopia)

I--

20.19 20.21 20.29

, -.....-----.....

TABLE OF CONTENTS DIVISION 11 - CONSTIT UTION - Page' Rule 1 Ddlnition s 1 The I.A.A.F. :'\ Ohjccts 4 ML'"mbcrship

WOMEN 100 METRES L. KOOllrillyova (U.S.S.R. ) M.G6hr (G.n.R.) I. Auerswilld (G.D.R.)

I. Slupianek S. Krachev-

11.06 11.07 11.14

B. W'lCkcl N. Blxhina M.Olley

(G.D.R.) (U.S.S.R. ) (Jamaica)

22.03 22.19 22.30

0100 METRES M. Koch J. Kralo(hvilovtl CLillhan

(G.D.R.) (Czechoslovakia) (G.D.R.)

41Ull!

1500 METRES T.Kazank inil (U.S.S.R. ) C. Wartenbc rg (G.D.R.) N.Olizilre nko (U.S.S.R. )

lOOm HURDLES (U.S.S.R. ) V. KomisoVil (G.D.R.) J. Klier (Poland) L. Llfigcr

E.Jahl M. pctkova T. Lesovuya

DISCUS (G.D.R.) (Bulgaria) (U.S.S.R. )

M.Colon S. Gunba U. Hommola

49.66

800 METRES

N.Olizare nko (U.S.S.R. ) O. Mineyeva (U .S.S.R.) T. Prov;dokh ina (u.S.S.R. )

ute

49A6

WR 1:53.5 154.9 1:55.5

3:59.4

1.97m/fo'5 I h" 1.94m/6'·l' I." 1.9410/6'4 '/."

T Kolpakllva B. Wujak T. Skachk"

LONG JUMP (US.S.R ) (G.D.R.) (U.S.S.R. )

7.0t>m/23'2" 7 .(1410/23' t W' 7.(1lm/23'1Y'

14 Expen,e, l5 Prov!sion of E4Uipmen l and

Vit:t.:-Presilknt and H(morJry Trc::asurer 7 Congresse s X Committe es Y Languages 10 Alleration: ) ttl Ruks \: _ .) l & 'bo.:er 12 Internatio nal rnedlngs Compe£itJou: abroa.u Competito rs' Ouallticat ions

69.%mI2291\' 67.l)(lmI222" 67.4l1mi22I 'I

68.401224'5" 67.76101222'4" 6O.56ml2l l!'4"

1(i Suhventlo ns to assist t7 within thlO: Arena 51 Definition Amateur 52 Rt:striction of competitio n to

51 51 52

5.' Ineligibilit y flll Internatio nal Competiti on 54 Guarantee by National

Amateurs

BODy

DIVISION 111- TECHNIC AL RULES - Pages Section I - Officials III Officials of the Ivkering 112 The M'mager 1I J The Secretary 11.+ The Technical Manager 115 Jury of Appeal I 16 Refe rees 117 118 Umpires (Track Event') 119 Timekeep ers 120 Photo-Fin ish 121 Starter anti Reealiers 122 Starh:r',:) Assistants (23 Lap Scort:rs The Recorder 125 The Marshal 121l The Announce r 127 Tho Official Surveyor 12S rhe Wind Gauge Opcrutor

PENTATH LON I. N Tkachenk o (U.S.S.R. ) 511113 WR 2. O. Rukavishi kova (U.SS.R.) 4937 3. O. Kuragina (U.S.S.R. ) 4874

Section 11 - Gtnerdl Rules 141 Entries 142 The Competiti on (Mi,eellan eous) Clothing Shoes and spike' Numbt:rs

;

Ohsrructio n on the track Running out of lane' during competitio n Grving of advice or informatio n Simultant:: ous l:ntrlt:,S

Delay, in making the trial Check marks Sconng 143 Rounds. Heats and Oualifying Competiti ons ... 144 Doping

51l 51l 57 57 57 59 5lJ ('Xl 61 63

6.1 64 M (,-;

A5 &5 h5

Ob h7 h7 ()7

n8 hY

nl )

n9 711 7(/

71 71 71 72 73

145 Measurem ents and Weight, 141lTies 147 Protest' 1411 World Records 1.+9 Wind Measurem ents 150 Official Implemen t, Section 1II - Running Events IIlI Track and Lano' 1112 The Start and the Finish 163 Hurdle RacL's 164 Steeplecha se 165 Marathon Race 160 Relay Races 167 Team Race' 1fiN Cross Country Races Section IV - Jumping Events 171 High Jump I Pole Vault 170 Long Jump 174 TripleJum p

75 76 79 :\3 8.1 l:\4 XX 92 9l\ 98 99 101 102

10(, 109

I IX 118

Section V - Throwing Events 181 Putting the Shot 182 Tbrowing the Discus HO Qiscus Cage Throwing the Hammer 185 Hummer Cage 186 Throwing tho Javelin

12(, 131 133 139 142

Section VI - Walking Events 191 Walking 142 The "Lugano Trophy"

1.+9 /51

Section VII -Cumbine d Comp<!titions 145 Hcptathlo n anti Decathlon

151

DIVISION IV - WORLD & OLYMPIC RECORD S - Pagc" 15.'-11l'+.

164

50 50

ServICes

4 x 400m RELAY I. U.S.S.R. (T. Pronxhen ko. T. Goi,rchik. N. Zyuskova, I. Nazarova) 3:10.2 2. G.D.R. (G. Lowe. B. Kru!!, C. Lathan. M. Koch) 3:20A 3: G.B. & N.\. (L. Macdonal d, M. Probert. J. Hoyte-Sm ith, J. Macgregor ) 3:275

12.56 12.63 12.65

S. Simconi U. Kid,m J. Kirst

JAVELIN (Cuba) (U.S.S.R. ) (G.n.R.)

21.42ml7(j' J [If' 21. 20mlOlJ' t>'t."

4 x lOOm RELAY I. G.n.R. (R. Muller. B. Wockel. I. Auerswald . M. Gohr) 41.60 WR 2. U.s.s.R (V. Komisova . L Maslakova . V. Anisimova . N. Boehma) 42. HI 3. G.B. & N.!. (H. Hunte, K. Smallwoo d. B. Goddard. S. Lannaman ) 42,43

3:56.6

HIGH JUMP (ltalv) (Polimd) (G.n.R.)

22.4 I m/73'6[/'"

Page

C'hi.tmplon shlps

:' (\lUlll'il

(U.S.S.R. ) (G.D.R.)

200 METRES

SHOT (G.D.R.)

Rule 13 World.Ar caand Group

Printed by Dovetail Press, 268 Waterlo o Road, London SE I, England .

122

In order to obtain a better grip. competitors in throwing the hammer are r.ermitted to use an substance such as

resin or a sim'lar sullstance on the'r hands only.

15.-('mrSfTlIt·t;OIl: Circles shilll ne mad\: of h.mtl iron. or other m'llcrial. the tnp of which ... hall hc I'lll."ih with the ground uUlsiuc. The interior of the circle mav he Cllnstrw.:teu of I:oncrctc. 00r M1":ll' olher firm hUI ni)l slppery m:.ltcrial, The surface of this Intenor shall he level and ± fllnm )(lWCr th.lO th\.' upper edge of Ihe rim of the circle.

The wire shall he connected to the he"d hy me"ns of " swivel which m"y he either plain no hall heanng. The griP ShOlIl he connected to the wire hv means of a

loop. A swivel may not he used.

Page 134 - Rule 184 (4) : DELETE - " ••• on adhesive substance such os resin or a similar .•• " AMEND To read :" ••• permitted to use 0 suitable substance on their hands or gloves only. "

I AAF HANDBOOK 1981 MODIFICATIONS, CLARIFICATIONS AND ADDITIONS RULE 124 The Recorder The Recorder shall collect the result of each event. logether with the times or heights Or distances. which shall be furnished 10 him by the. Referee and the Chief Timekeeper as well as the informatIOn prOVIded by the Wmd Gauge operator. He shall as soon as possible communicate the information to the Announcer and. after recordmg Ihe placings. times. heights or distances, he shall hand the official result together with all cards to the Manager of the meeling. See Rule 116. (71 alld Rule 126.

Page 135 - Rule 184 (15): AMEND to read :" ••• some other firm but not si iFry material. • •. " " •.• shall be level and 20mm (_ 6mm) lower than ••. "

Page 138 - Rule 184 (22) : DELETE - "Construction" REPLACE BY: "Connections for Wire"

Example-High Jump (I) IK!m

Page 144 - Rule 186 : Javelin diagram to be redrawn to include points (A), (8) and (0 referred to in Rule 186 (10).

MEN (Pen/a/hlo" amI Decar!llolll I.-The Pentathlon consists of five events which sh,,1I he held in the followipe long jump; throwing Ihe j"velin: 200 metres; Ihr discus; "nd 1500 metres.

VOMEN (Hepra/hloll) 3.-The Heptathlon consists of seven event, which shall he eld either on one or two conseculive d"ys in the following rdee

Page 151 - Ru le 195 (1) : AMEND to read :"I. - The Pentathlon consist< of five events, which shall be held on one dol!: ir following orde;:-;--

_ELECTRtCAlllMlNG_ .I.-cITi..m timi"'ll ....

Iw tl_ rec4l"'*t _ i .......

........

••••••••.•••• ,.

cnd this _

__ M el'clowd)

the official

ti_.

SiQl'lllhn 01 Oaief Timekeeper •••••••••••••••••

OpIf'aIor••••••••.•• ,... ...... 0

Page 155 - World Record Application Forms : AMEND "Electrical Timing" to read - "Signature of Chief Photo-Finish Judge

"';':'\0 XX()

XXO

X.'\X

xxx X:\X :\xx

I S",",

I---- Iso (l

('1.',11,-,1

'\0

'0 YXII '0

'XIl

1 '\'\0 '.\1)

'.\')

xx,\;

''0 "'X,, Il,J

11011

,X,

xo XXO XXO

Example-High Jump (2)

• "-'Ily

lIXX

XXO

Icl If the till .till remains: (il If it concerns the first pla<c. the competitors tying shall have one more jump '" the lower hClghl at wh'ch they failed. and if no decision is reached. Ihe har shall he lowered or "'ised to the hejPhts which shall be announced they shall then attempt one by the Chief Judge of the e jump al each height untllt. . IS decldcu. Compel'tors so tying must jump on each when the tie. Oi) If it concerns any othe 'e. the shall he awarded the same place urnpctition. (See e.lwnple 2)

\(1

In the HOO in tht: Hcptalhlon. onc group :'ihuuld contain tho:-.c cum petitor.; lJccupying thc leading positiuns at the of'" cn:nts.

x-_

x-"

Page 77 - Rule 146: Example - High Jump (1). Correct 1.9Om box os follows:

I :'\0

c o

Page 151'- Rule 195 (3) DELETE the words underlined "The Heptathlon consists of seven events which shall be held either on one or two consecutive days in the following order. -.-.,-,-Page 152 - Rule 195 (5) AMEND to read :"In the 800 metres in the Heptathlon, one group should contain those competitors occupying the leading leading positions at the end

:\(1

Page 64 - Rule 124 : ADD the words underlined : " .•• which shall be furnished to him by the Referee, the Chief Timekeeper or Chief as well as the information •••• "

1 ":111 \\0

XX\

XX,

IUmr

NOTE5.-The lille "ff rhe ril{hl hand 0111)' of each lalle shall drain away, ill which case a maximum height of 65mm m'<SI //0/ be exceeded.

Page 77 - Rule 146 : AMEND to read :(i) If it concerns the first place, the competitors tying shall have one more jump at'" ' 1St height at which any of those involved in . ,.ailed, and if no decision is reached, .•• "

Page 78 - Rule 146 : Example-=-High Jump (2). Correct 1. 92m box (jump off) os follows:-

A ..... B C D.....

0 X

Page 84 - Rule 161 DELETE Note. REPLACE BY : "Note - The kerb moy be raised to permit surface water to drain away, in which case 0 moximum height of 65mm rrost not be exceeded. "

6.-The waler jump, including lhe hurdle, shall be 3.66 melres in lenglh and widlh. The waler shall be 0.70 melres in deplh in fronl of the hurdle and slope to the level of lhe ground at the further end. The hurdle at the waler jump shall be firmly fixed in front of the water and be of lhe same height as the others in the competition.

The water shall be level with the lrack surface and at the hurdle. end shall be 0.70 melres deep for a space of 30 ems. From this poinl the bollom shall have a regular slope upwards 10 the level of the track al the farther end of lhe waler Jump.

5.-The organisers of the Maralhon Race must lake care to ensure the safety of competitors. In the case of Olympic Games and Area or Group Championships or Games, the organisers must. where possible, gIve an assurance that the roads 10 be used for the Maralhon will be closed in both directions i.e. not open to motorised traffic.

Page 97 - Rule 164 (6) ; AMEND to read as follows : "6. - The water jump, including the hurdle, shall be 3,66 metres in length and width. The water shall be level with the track surface and at the hurdle end shall be 0.70 metres deep for a space of 30 cms. From this point the bottom shall have a regular slope upwards to the level of the track at the fa rther end of the wo ter jump. The hurdle at the water jump shall be firmly fixed in front of the water and be of the same height as the others in the competition. " Page 99 - Rule 165 (5) : DELETE the words underlined " .•• In the case of Olympic Games and Area or Group Championships or Games, the organisers must, .•• " REPlA.CE BY : "... In the case of compet itions staged under Ru le 12. 1 (a), (b) and (c), the organisers must, "

In 4 x 200 metres relay raccs, the first two stages, as well as that part of the third stage up to the exit from the first bend. will be run entirely IR lanes (S", {mces 85-/16).

Page 99 - Rule 166 :DELETE the words underlined " .•• will be run entirely in lanes. (See pages 85-86) ADD the words underlined "In the 4 x 400 metres rek well as that port of the secC' the first bend, wi 11 be run (See poges 87 and 88).

2.-Bcforc the competition hcgins. the Judges shall announce to the competitors the commencing height and the

heights to which Ihe har will he each round.

at the end of

The Runway, Take-off and Landing 13.-The length of the runway is The minimum length provided for the runway shall he -to mctrt:s.

NOTE.-Where conditions permit, tht' rWfn:uy JllOUftl /lot be shorter than 45 mefres. The rtmwav shall have II maximum width of 1.22m. .

--i

;es, the first lap, as lap up to the exit from ely in lanes.

Page 11 0 - Rule 172 (2) ADD the words underlined ;" •.• end of each round, until there is ani y one competitor remaining in the competition_or a tie (see Rule 146).

Page 111 - Rule 172 (13) :ADD the words underl ined ;"13. - The length of the runway is unlimited. The minimum length provided for the ""nway shall be 40 metres. The runway shall hove a minimum width of 1.22m." DELETE the wards underlined from the Note :"Note - Where conditions permit, the runway shall not be shorter than 45 metres. The runway shall hove a maximum width of 1.22m. "

The lenglh of Ihe cross-bar shall be between 4.48 metres 11 and 4.52 mctres. The maximum weight of the cross·bar shall hc

12.-Thl.:: iake-off board shall he not less than II mdres 11 frum the edge of the landing ureu. i

Prnvided that in the COurse of a trial the foregoing rules h<l'" not been ,"fringed, <I competitor may interrupt a trial once started. may lay his implement down. and may then leave the circle before returning to a stationary position and he-ginning a fresh trial.

The interior of th.e circle may he constructed ofconcrete, <lSphalt or some other firm but not slippery matenal. The surface of this interior shall be level and 20mm ± 6mm lower than the upper edge of the rim of the circle.

A white line 50mm wil metal rim extending for; l'irrlc.:. 11 may he made

m"tcrial. The rear edg.e

1I be drnwn from the lOp of the .1 O.75mm on either side of the paint. wood or other suitable

white line sh.all form a pro·

Inngillion of a thcnretica 11 right angles to the centre line the 1t;<Jr edge of which passes through the CL:ntrc of the circle.

(If tht.: throwing

Page 113 - Rule 172 (19) ;AMEND to read :"The length of the cross-bar shall be between 4.48 metres and 4.52 metres. The maximum weight of the cross-bar shall be 2.251<g. " Page 119 - Rule 174 (12) :AMEND to read :"The take-off board shall be not less than 13 metres from the edge of the landing area." Page 123 - Rule 181 (6). Page 127 - Rule 182 (5) and Page 134 - Rule 184 (8) : DELETE word underlined ;"Prov ided that in the course of a trial •••• •••• • •• may lay his implement down, and may then leave the circle ••. It Page 125 - Rule 181 (18) AMEND to read ;" •.• of this interior shall be level and 20 mm (:t 6mm) lower than •.• "

Rule 182 (19): Page 125 - Rule 181 (18) and Page AMEND to read :" "A white line 5Qnm wide shall be .W11 from the top CIf the metal rim extending for at least O.75m on either side of the circle. ••• " ----

St'C Pari/graph IC)-Construction of a Discus Circle.

Page 127 - Ru le 182 (6) : AMEND to read ;"See Paragraph !Z.- Construction of a Discus Circle"

7.-For a \,;jlid trial, the implement must fall so that the point of impact is wlthin the inner edges of lines 50mm wide marking a sector of 4(f' set out on the ground so that the radii lines cross at the centre of the circle.

Page 127 - Rule 182 (7) : ADD; "The ends of the lines marking all sectors should be marked with sector flags."

(e)

In order to obtain a belter grip, competitors are per-

mitted to use an adhesive substance such as resin or a similar

substance on their hands only.

Page 128 - Rule 182 (12c): DELETE - "an adhes ive substance such as resin or a similar ••• " AMEND to read :" ••• permitted to use a suitable substance on their hands only."

NOTES

Printed in England by Marshallarts Print Services, Unit 32, Huffwood Trading Estate, Partridge Green, West Sussex, England.

180