IAAF HandBook 1985/86 by The Marshal

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INTERNATIONAL AMATEUR ATHLETIC FEDERATION FOUNDED IN 19/2

OFFICIAL HANDBOOK 1985/86

President:

P. NEBIOLO

Honorary Life President: Honorary Life Vice-Presidents:

A. PAULEN M.DANZ J. C. DA COSTA F. W. HOLDER A. L. MORRISON J. SIR L. KHOMENKOV O. C. CASSELL L. DIACK A. LJUNGQVIST H. R. H. STINSON

Honorary Life Personal Members Vice-Presidents:

Honorary Treasurer:

General Secretary: Bureau Address: Cables: Telephone: Telex:

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J. B. HOLT 3 Hans Crescent, Knightsbridge, London SW 1X OLN "Marathon" London S.W .1. 01 (London) 581 8771/2/3/4 296859 ,IAAF HQ.

FOREWORD

CONTENTS Rules

Page

DIVISION I (The Federation) 3 6 12

Foreword History Council Technical Committee Women's Committee Cross Country and Road Running Committee Walking Committee Medical Committee Veterans' Committee Arbitration Panel Panel of Walking Judges LA.A.F. Veterans Areas and List of Member Federations DIVISION II (Constitution) Constitution of the LA.A.F. Eligibility and Amateur Status

1-19 51-54

38 71

101-102 105-128 138-151 161-167 171-174 181-186 191-192 195

74 74 87 107 128 144 171 174

DIVISION IV (Statistics) World Record Events 381 World Record Application Forms List of World Records (Men & Women) Olympic Games Records Medal Winners (Olympic Games), Los Angeles 1984 Medal Winners (World Championships) Helsinki 1983

176 177 181 183 185 187

TABLE OF CONTENTS

192

DIVISION III (Technical Rules) General - Age Groups International Officials Competition Rules (General) Running Events Jumping Events Throwing Events Walking Events Heptathlon-Decathlon

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The period of two years since the last Handbook was published have been a very significant phase in the history of the LA.A.F. Athletics continues to be one of the most popular and widely practised sports in the world, and, as a result, the work and activities of our Federation have become more visible than ever before, particularly since we staged the 1st World Championships in Athletics in Helsinki in August, 1983. In the Los Angeles Olympic Games, athletics played its usual major role. Despite the sad absence of certain Members of the Olympic Family, the track and field programme held over 9 days was superbly organised and produced first class competition with many unforgettable highlights. It is not the purpose of this preface to describe at length the wide range of athletic activities undertaken by the LA.A.F. and its six Regional Associations; such details are chronicled in our quarterly Bulletin and in the LA.A.F. Council Report presented before each Congress. It does, however, offer an opportunity to highlight the most important current and future developments taking place - developments which were examined and ratified at our 1984 Los Angeles Congress, and which in certain cases have resulted in new rules to be found in this Handbook. The 1984 Congress approved the Council's proposal for an enlarged competitions programme which, thanks to the generation of increased funds, is now possible both at world and regional level. In 1985, we shall thus see the first World Indoor Games (Paris - January 18/19), the first World Marathon Cup (Hiroshima - April 14/15) and the LA.A.F.lMobil Grand Prix, the Final of which is scheduled for Rome on September 7th. These new events will be allied to our Cross Country Championships (Lisbon - March 24), to our Race Walking World Cup (Douglas - September 28/29) and to the Women's 10k Road Race. Finally, to round off an extremely hectic year, the fourth LA.A.F. World Cup will be staged in Canberra on October 4,5 and 6, representing without doubt the biggest athletic event staged in Oceania since the 1956 Melbourne Olympic Games. The many organising committees involved in all LA.A.F. meetings, from our Grand Prix and Invitation events, to our World Cup and World Championships, receive our gratitude, for they are providing athletes from all parts of the world with greater competitive possibilities and also encouraging publicity of our sport through television and the other media. We are also very grateful to those LA.A.F. Members who give regular support to our competitions by sending their athletes to participate. It should not be forgotten that the basis of a successful world competition programme lies within our Members and our Area Associations. They all play a vital role in the sound organisation and continued growth of athletics,

and they must be assured that the President and the Council will continue the new philosophy - that of assisting and suporting Area competitions wherever possible. The 6 Regional offices are key partners in this undertaking and I ask all Members to continue to give their fullest support to their Area Association. Elections were held in Los Angeles for a new Council and standing Committees - Technical, Women's, Walking and Cross Country and Road Running. In addition, we now have a 6 member Arbitration Panel and a Veterans' Committee. The Council was increased to 21 by the addition of 2 more individual members, and the Committees in certain cases have been enlarged to ensure the presence of at least one representative from every Continent. LA.A.F. Membership Groups were reduced again from 4 to 3, with new criteria approved. Through our Council and Committees, great attention is given to technical matters and competition rules, but we must also encourage study of future vital issues, so as to be well prepared for our task of directing wisely an ever changing sport. In addition to the above standing Committees, Working Groups have been in operation for the past 2 years under the Chairmanship of Council members. These groups have included invited specialists from many countries and already furthered work on such specific issues as Marketing and Television, Development Aid, Press, Competitions, Sports Installations, Organisation of Meetings and Juridical questions. Regular readers of the Handbook will notice that the Constitution has been tidied up considerably with rules now grouped in a more logical order and this has for example been largely the work of the Juridical Group. A vital and popular change made in Los Angeles was to alter our election cycle; this will mean an intermediate Congress in Stuttgart, 1986 and an election Congress at the time of our own World Championships in Rome in 1987. The mandate of the present Council and Committees is therefore of three years duration. . In September we suffered the loss of our Honorary Life Vice-President, Donald Pain, who was truly a loyal and long serving officer of the LA.A.F. Donald Pain was our Secretary/Treasurer from 1952 to 1970, a period when our sport grew vigorously despite the financial strictures it often had to face. Today we are more fortunate in that we have more means at our disposal to promote athletics at all levels, but, just as in the past, our resources must be wisely used for the benefit of the sport in which we all believe. It is always my pleasant duty to thank the Council, Committees and Staff of the LA.A.F. who spend many hours on the organisation and administration of our world wide movement. We can be proud of our large membership of 173 national governing bodies, and by working together in the coming period, I am sure we can continue to progress and keep our Federation in the forefront of world sport. Finally, therefore I express the hope that this Handbook for 1985/1986 will be welcomed in all countries and will act as a visible link in the huge chain of our world-wide athletics family.

1985 -

IV World Cup - Canberra - The Bruce Stadium

Dr. Primo Nebiolo

December 1984

President

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1986 - 1st World Junior Championships - Athens - the Olympic Stadium

HISTORY

The three Foundation Years 1912-1914 Over 70 years ago, on July 17th, 1912, two days after the last athletics event of the Olympic Games, a Congress was held in Stockholm for the formation of an International Federation for Amateur Athletics. The following 17 countries were represented at this historic meetings:- Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Norway, Russia, Sweden, United Kingdom and the United States. There was an urgent need for an international governing body for Athletics owing to the development of international contests and the Olympic Games. A universal code of rules and regulations and a common amateur definition acceptable throughout the world had become essential, as well as an authentic register of World and Olympic Records. Though this meeting in Stockholm was, strictly speaking, an exploratory one, records of the LA.A.F. regard it as the first Congress and subsequent Congresses up till the 32nd in Moscow in 1980 have been designated accordingly. One year later in Berlin (1913), Congress accepted the first Constitution and 34 Nations figured in the first Membership list. J. Sigfrid Edstrom (Sweden) was elected President and Kristian Hellstrom Honorary Secretary. The first Technical Rules for international competitions were presented in 1914 at the third Congress in Lyons, France, by the new Honorary Secretary, Hilding Kjellman (Sweden), and Members were urged to adopt similar rules for their domestic competitions.

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The International Olympic Committee As early as 1921, the LA.A.F. was in close contact with the LO.C., and our fourth Congress was held that year in Geneva immediately before the LO.C. Congress at the same venue. Cooperation with the LO.C. and Olympic Games Organising Committee to ensure the successful staging of athletics events at the Olympic Games has in fact always been a major feature of the LA.A.F. 's activity. A new dimension to our links with other sporting bodies was added in 1978 when the LA.A.F. became a member of the General Assembly of International Sports Federations (G.A.LS.F.) to join there all but one of the other Olympic Sports federations. 6

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World Records In the inaugural list of World Records published in 1914, there were 53 Men's records for Running, Hurdling and Relay Racing, 30 for walking and 12 for Field Events, including the Decathlon. No records for women existed at that time. Since then, changes have been made, so that the list is now considerably altered. A major change was made at the XXXth Congress in Montreal, when Imperial distances were deleted. Since January 1st, 1977 therefore, the only Imperial distance accepted is the 1 Mile (Men and Women). There are now 23 Men's records for Running, Hurdling and Relays, plus 4 Walking events and 9 Field events, including the Decathlon. The Women's World Record List comprises 21 for Running, Hurdling and Relays, 2 for Walking events, and 6 for Field events, including the Heptathlon. Athletics for Women By 1924, a separate Federation governing Women's Athletics had been founded, the F.S.F.L At the Paris Congress (1924) the LA.A.F. supported the F.S.F.L requested for the inclusion of five Women's events in the Amsterdam Olympic Games - lOOm, 800m, 4 x lOOm, High Jump and Discus. Since these early days. Women's athletics has continued to produce ever-improving performances in ever greater depth. The 3000m and 400m Hurdles are the lastest World Championship events, and the 5000m and 1O,000m the latest world record events. In addition, the marathon is proving ever more popular as a race for women and is included in the 1983 World Championships programme. The points table in use for the Women's Heptathlon and other events was reviewed in 1970, with new tables for the 400m and 1500m being provided, as well as existing tables being revalued. The next revised Tables will come into force in 1985. Photo-finish and Electrical Timekeeping In 1926, the K.N.A.U. (Netherlands) presented the first "slow motion" apparatus for photo-finish judging, to eliminate the human factor from finish judging and timing. This was used in 1928 at the Amsterdam Games, and in 1930 electrically timed performances were accepted for World Record purposes. Since January 1977, for records up to and including 400 metres, only performances timed by fully automatic electrical timing have been accepted. Since January 1st, 1981 for all races up to 10,000m inclusive, times are recorded to lil00th of a second when electrically timed. 7

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I.A.A.F. Honours The award of the Veteran Pin was instituted in 1928, with 12 initial recipients. Further honours were created in 1981 and these are detailed in Rule 7. Doping Controls At the Amsterdam Congress also, the first Doping Rule was approved and incorporated in the Handbook. Doping Control is now, sadly, a feature of all major Games and Championships and here again the LA.A.F. and the LO.C. are working together to establish control laboratories in all continents, a step which it is hoped will lead to fewer and fewer athletes and coaches adopting this unfair and harmful practice Race Walking The present definition for Walking - "Walking is progression by steps so taken that unbroken contact with the ground is maintained" - was accepted by the 1928 Congress, and this remains the basis on which Judges evaluate race walkers. Women's race walking is slowly gaining ground, and the creation of a World Cup named after the first venue (Eschborn) has encouraged new countries to extend their walking programme for women. The 1O,000m Walk for Women will also feature from 1985 in all major Cups, Games and Championships. LA.A.F. Officers In 1930, Bo Ekelund (Sweden) became the third Honorary Secretary-Treasurer - a post he held until 1946. A prominent member of the Rules and Records Committee at that time was Avery Brundage, later to become LO.C. President. This was the body then responsible for keeping World Records, and this task fell principally to Szilard Stankovits (Hungary) who was also largely responsible for the decision to stage the first European Championships (1934, Turin). In 1946, the LA.A.F. Headquarters moved from Stockholm to London when Lord Burghley (later to become the Marquess of Exeter) took over from J. Sigfrid Edstrom as President. E. J. H. "Billy" Holt was Honorary Secretary-Treasurer until after the 1952 Helsinki Olympic Games,'when Donald Pain took over this responsibility, a position he held for 17 years until Frederick Holder succeeded him in 1970. At the 1976 Montreal Congress, Adriaan Paulen succeeded Lord Exeter as President, "Fred" Holder was reelected Honorary Treasurer and the new Council appointed John Holt as General Secretary. Upon the retirement of Adriaan Paulen in 8 -------

1981 after 5 eventful years, Or. Primo Nebiolo (Italy) became the I.A.A.F. President, only the fourth person to hold this Office in 70 years. Robert Stinson was elected Honorary Treasurer at the Los Angeles Congress. The steady growth of the Federation in the years up to 1950 accelerated in the next three decades and, by the end of 1984, Member countries in affiliation number 173.

Regional Development Continental and Regional Games and Championships, which help in assessing overall progress and proivide an incentive to all countries within the group, continued to develop. From their foundation in 1934, the European Championships were under the control of the European Committee of the I.A.A.F. At the 1968 Congress, however, the Constitution was amended to provide for the setting up of Continental Area Associations within the LA.A.F. and the European Athletic Association (B.A.A.) was formed soon afterwards, its Constitution being ratified at the 1970 I.A.A.F. Congress. The expanded European athletic programme now includes Indoor and Junior Championships, the European Cup, European Marathon Cup and Combined Events Cup. The statutes of the Oceania Regional Group were approved at the Munich Congress (1972) and those of the African Amateur Athletic Confederation (A.A.A.C.) and the Asian Amateur Athletic Association (A.A.A.A.) were approved by the Rome Congress (1974). A further major change in the Constitution in 1968 was to include in the Council a representative of each of the six Continental Areas, elected by the Members in those area Groups. This ensures truly worldwide representation in the Council, the size of which was increased in 1976 to 19, with the addition of four Vice-Presidents. In 1984 the Council was further increased to 21. Amateurism The Eligibility Rules have come under close scrutiny in recent years, and Rules 14 to 18 in the present Handbook are the result of considerable amendments approved by the Rome (1981) and Athens (1982) Congresses. It was decided to retain the word "amateur" in the title of the LA.A.F. but a new definition (see Rule 51) puts the word in a more realistic context. 9

Technical Aid Technical aid activities continue, and an increasingly widespread development programme has been undertaken in 1983-1984. The LA.A.F. now has a development aid co-ordinator on its staff, and co-operation with the Olympic Solidarity programme is proving most beneficial for both parties. Seventy Years Anniversary The Seventy Years Anniversary of the LA.A.F. was celebrated in 1982 in conjunction with the XXXIIIrd Congress in Athens, Greece. Almost 100 Member Federations attended a splendid Anniversary Celebration, together with Government Ministers, guest athletes and the LO.C. President, His Excellency Juan Antonio Samaranch. The latter's presence on this special occasion symbolised the close links which exist between these two world bodies. A lavishly illustrated history of the Federation "LA.A.F. 70 Golden Years" was produced. for the Anniversary, together with a Commemorative Medal, and this dignified Opening Ceremony ensured a moving and fitting tribute to the athletes and leaders who have graced the International Scene since 1913, the year of the LA.A.F.'s foundation.

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Expanded l.A.A.F. Programme In 1985, new additions to the LA.A.F. programme will be World Indoor Games (Paris, January 18th and 19th) and World Cup - a team event for Men and Women - in on 13th-14th. In 1986, the 1st World Junior ChampiOnships will be staged in Athens, Greece. Finally, 1985 will see an extension of the LA.f\.F. Invitati?n meetings, 16 of which will form The LA.A.F.lMobd Grand Pnx. The final will be held in Rome on Saturday, 7th September. This new competition, linked with the ever increasing athl.etic activity organised in all continents by Member.s, underhnes the constant aim of the LA.A.F. - to establIsh closer bnks between itself and national governing bodies, and to increase the liaison between leaders in all parts of the world for the benefit of the Sport.

World Cup and World Championships In 1981, in addition to the annual Cross Country World Championships and the bi-annual World Cup for Race Walking (Lugano Trophy and Eschborn Cup), the third Athletics World Cup, in which all the continents were represented together with the host country, Italy, was staged with great success and panache before 165,000 spectators in Rome (September 4th-6th). The next World Cup will be in 1985 in Canberra, Australia, on October 4, 5 and 6, 1985. In 1983, the eyes of the sporting world were focused in August on Helsinki, where the 1st LA.A.F. World Championships were staged. Finland is a land whose athletic tradition is unique and it was therefore fitting that 1983 "The Year of Athletics" marked the first edition of this great event. The world-wide acclaim it received was a strong indication that World Championships in athletics are here to stay, and we eagerly await Rome 1987, when they will be held for the second time.

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Primo NEBIOLO President

COUNCIL Via Tevere l/A, Rome, Italy.

Leonid KHOMENKOV Senior Vice President

c/o The Light Athletic Federation of the U .S.S.R., Luzhnetskaja Naberezhnaja, 8, Moscow 119270, U.S.S.R.

Ollan C. CASSELL Vice President

c/o The Athletic Congress of the V.S.A.,

Lamine DIACK Vice President

B. P. 86, Dakar, Senegal.

Arne LJUNGQVIST Vice President

Lillhagsvagen 4, S-18246 Enebyberg, Sweden.

Robert STINSON Honorary Treasurer

3 Hans Crescent, Knightsbridge, London SWIX OLN, England.

*Hassan AGABANI (Africa) *Essa AL-DASHTI (Asia)

P .0. Box 1525, Khartoum, Sudan.

Helio BABO Pierre DASRIAUX Juan Manuel DE HOZ *Arthur R. P. EUSTACE (Oceania) *Amadeo I.D. FRANCIS (North & Central America) *Pedro J. GALVEZ (South America) Istvan GYULAI August KIRSCH Dapeng LOU Charles MUKORA Maurice R. NICHOLAS *Artur TAKAC (Europe) Georg WIECZISK

P .0. Box 120, Indianapolis, Indiana 46206, U.S.A.

c/o Kuwait Athletic Federation, P.O. Box 5499, Khaled Ben AI-Walid Street, Shaker AI-Kazemi, Bldg. No. 9, Kuwait. R Antonia Basilio, 449 - apto 301, Tijuca 20511, Rio de Janeiro, R. J. Brazil. 22 rue Eugene Jumin, 75019 Paris, France. Santa Engracia No. 52, Madrid 28010, Spain. 7 Moerangi Street, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Box 8134, Santurce, Puerto Rico 00910.

Calle 22, No. 160 Urb Corpac, Lima 27, Peru. H-181O Budapest, Hungary. Bernard-Eyberg Strasse 23, 5060 BergischGladbach 3, Federal Republic of Germany. c/o Athletic Assoc of the People's Republic of China, 9 Tiyuguan Road, Beijing, China. P.O. Box 30134, Nairobi, Kenya. 26 Windsor Park Road, District No. 2057, Republic of Singapore. SOFK, Deligradska 27, Beograd, -Yugoslavia. c/o Deutscher Verband fur Leichtathletik der DDR, 1055 Berlin, Storkower Strasse 118, German Democratic Republic.

TECHNICAL COMMITTEE

Emanuel Rose, Chairman, Rolighedsvej 22, DK 1958 V, Denmark. R. Blanchet, "Les Rives d'Oise", 16, rue Andre Messager, 95630 Meriel, France. E. Bremicker, Rubenstrasse 25, 6700 Ludwigshafen, Federal Republic of Germany. A. Guy, 12 Knocknashee, Dublin 14, Ireland. Robert Hersh, 92 Club Drive, Roslyn Heights, New York 11577, U.S.A. Tapani Ilkka, c/o Suomen Urheiluliitto, Box 25202, SF - 00251 Helsinki 25, Finland. J. Jackowski, 60-228 Poznan, Promienista 16AM6, Poland. Kim Chang Keun, c/o Korea Amateur Athletic Federation, P .0. Box 566, K.W.M. Seoul, Korea. I. F. K. Kiplagat, P .0. Box 449, Kapsabet, Kenya. C. Moreno Bravo, Cerro San Andres 136-3, 04200, D.F. Mexico. V. Rodichenko, c/o The Light Athletic Federation of the U.S.S.R., Luzhnetskaja Naberezhnaya 8, Moscow, 119270, U.S.S.R. E. Schober, clo Deutscher Verband fur Leichtathletik der DDR, 1055 Berlin, Storkower Strasse 118, G.D.R. E. da Silva, clo Brasileira de Atletismo, Av. Gra<;a Aranha, 81 - Grupo 808/811, 20 030 - Rio de Janeiro, R.J. Brazil. E. M. Sulus, clo Tanzania Amateur Athletic Association, P .0. Box 2172, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, East Africa. C. G. Tollemar, Edsbergsgrand 12, 12657 Hagersten, Sweden. V. Trkal, CS-182 00 Praha 8, Vrsni 39, Czechoslovakia. E. Wante, Bosstr. 45, 9180 Puyvelde-Belsele, Sint Niklaas, Belgium.

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WOMEN'S COMMITTEE Mrs. Use Bechthold, Chairman, Cretzschmarstr, 15, D-600 Frankfurt/Main, Federal Republic of Germany. Mrs. D. Blanchet, "Les Rives d'Oise", 16 rue Andre Messager, 95630 Meriel, France. G. Casciotti, vier CaioCanuleio No.!""');; Rome, Italy. Mrs. R. Fuchs, clo Deutscher Verband ftir Leichtathletik der DDR, 1055 Berlin, Storkower Strasse 118, G.D.R. Mrs. E. Gorchakova, c/o The Light Athletic Federation of the U.S.S.R. Luzhnetskaja Naberezhnaya 8, Moscow, 119270 Moscow, U.S.S.R. Miss M. Hartman C.B.E., c/o Women's A.A.A., Francis House, Francis Street, London, SWIP lDE, England. Mrs. L. Manoliu, c/o Federatia Romana de Atletism, Str. Vasile Conta 16, 70139 Bucuresti, Romania. Mrs. A. M. F. de Marzo, Estanislao Zeballos 151, 3000 Sante Fe, Argentine. Mrs. M. Mathews, Australian Track & Field Coaches Association, c/o Rothmans National Sport Foundation, 17th Floor, St. Martin's Tower, 31 Market Street, Sydney, N.S.W. 2000, Australia. Dr. G. I. Ogan, Teme Klinik Association, P.O. Box 369, Portharcourt, Nigeria, West Africa. Mrs. P. Rico, 89 Lexington Drive, Croton-on-Hudson, N.Y. 10520, U.S.A. Mrs. E. Strasser, Lessingstrasse 31, 4020 LinilDonau, Austria. Mrs. I. Szewinska, 05-092 Lomianki, ul. Wislana 52, Poland. Mrs. R. Tanaka, c/o Nippon Rikujo-Kyogi Renmei, 1-1-1 Jinnan, Shibuya-Ku, Tokyo 150, Japan.

CROSS COUNTRY AND ROAD RUNNING COMMITTEE Aldo Scandurra, Chairman, 22 Monett Place, Greenlawn, New York, N.Y. 11740, U.S.A. L. Bradshaw, 2 Rata Street, Ravensbourne, Dunedin, New Zealand. H. Chosa, c/o Nippon Rikujo-Kyogi Renmei, 1-1-1 Jinnan, Shibuya-Ku, Tokyo ISO, Japan. R. Dalgleish, 48 Gartons Road, Glasgow G21 3HY, V. Firea, c/o Federatia Romana de Atletism, Str. VasI1e Conta 16Sector 1, 70139 Bucuresti, Romania. Si Mohamed Jamel , clo Federation Algerienne d'Athletisme, . Maison des Federations Sportives, BP 88 El Biar, Alger, Algena. o. Klappert, 7, 4750 Unna, Federal Rublic of Germany. M. Marmion, 10 rue Louis Vicat, 75015 Paris, France. G. Mastropasqua, Piazzale Giovine Italia, 3, 20123 Milano, Italy. R. Puignau, Zabaleta 54-7°, San Sebastian, Spain. . R. Maturana, clo Federacion Atletica de Chile, Calle Santo Tonbo 660, Casilla 820, Santiago de Chile, Chile. R. Puignau, Zabaleta, 54-7°, San Sebastian, Spain. E. Spillane, 3 Innishmaan Road, Whitehall, Dublin 9, Ireland. R. Tytgat, Amsterdamstraat 52, B-8400, Oostende, Belgium. M. Wawrzykowski, Karlowicza, 1/7 m.6, 02-501 Warszawa, Poland.

WALKING COMMITIEE P. Lassen, Chairman, Btilowsvej 40, 3 DK-1870, Copenhagen V, Denmark. E. Artunduaga, c/o Federacion Colombiana de Atletismo, Apartado Aereo 6024, Calle 16 No. 9-64, Oficina 404 Bogota, Colombia. R. Bowman, 51 Chatsworth Court, Oakland, California 94611, U.S.A. A. De La Mora, Calzada de Los Misterios No. 803, Colonia Tepeyac Insurgentes, 07020 Mexico D.F. G. Frister, c/o Deutscher Verband fUr Leichtathletik der DDR, 1055 Berlin, Storkower Strasse 118, G.D.R. F. Jenevein, 22 Chemin des Petits, Marais, 92320 Gennevilliers, France. V. Kangaspunta, c/o Suomen Kavelyurheiluliitto, Topeliuksenkatu 41a SF-00251 Helsinki 25, Finland. J. Kraemer, Btirnekamp 10, D-4440 Rheine 11, Federal Rupublic of Germany. 15

M. Lasheen, clo Egyptian Amateur Athletic Federation, 13 Kasr El Nil Street, Cairo, Egypt. P. Marlow, 11 Parklands, 234 Peckham Rye, London SE22 OLS, England. B. Sjoberg, Hagavagen 4, S-171 53 Solna, Sweden. R. Smith, 22/72 Patterson Street, Middle Park, Victoria 3206, Australia. G. Tosi, Via Guelfa 44, Firenze, Italy. L. Wendian, clo Athletic Association of the People's Republic of China, 9 Tiyuguan Road, Beijing, China.

MEDICAL COMMITTEE Prof. Dr. Arne Ljungquist, Chairman, Lillhagsviigen, 4, S-18246 Enebyberg, Sweden. Prof. Dr. W. Areno, Esrada do Joa 2618, Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro 22 600, Brazil. Prof. A. H. Beckett, clo Chelsea College, University of London, Dept. of Pharmacy, Manresa Road, London SW3 6LX, England. Dr. H. Brown, 345 Bowfin Court, Foster City, California 90444, U.S.A. Dr. M. Donike, clo Deutsche Sporthochschule Koln, Institut fur Biochemie, Carl-Diem-Weg 21Postfach 450 327, 5000 Koln 41, Federal Republic of Germany. Dr. A. Gedeon, 70 Boulevard Deltour, 31500 Toulouse, France. Dr. D. Gerrard, 30 Royal Terrace, Ounedin, New Zealand. Dr. A. Gheita, 12 Hassan Sabri St.,"Zamalek-Cairo, Egypt. Dr. M. Hoppner, clo Deutscher Verband fur Leichtathletik der DDR, 1055 Berlin, Storkower Strasse 118, G.D.R. Dr. M. Jegathesan, 28 Jalan Derwmun, Danansara height, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Dr. V. Mikhaylova, c/o Federation Bulgare d'Athletisme, Boul, Tolboukhin 18, Sofia, Bulgaria. Prof. S. K. Ongeri, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nairobi, P .0. Box 30588, Nairobi,- Kenya. Dr. P. Peltokallio, Kuorekuja 8 C, 02170 Espoo 17, Finland. Dr. J. Sowinski, 00220 Warsaw, 3 Rocjcow St., Poland. Dr. G. Worobiew, clo The Light Athletic Federation of the U.S.S.R., Luzhnetskaja Naberezhnaya 8, Moscow 119270 U.S.S.R.

VETERANS COMMITTEE Hans B. Skaset (Chairman), Graakamvn No. J4, Oslo 3, Norway. H. Axmann, Eichendorfstrasse 2, D-8800 Ansbach, Federal Republic of Germany. M. B. Cushen, 156 Mitcham Road, West Croydon,.Surrey, D. Farquharson, 269 Ridgewood Road, West HIll, Ontano MIC 2X3, Canada. R. Fine, 77 Prospect Place, NYC 11217, U .S.A. O. Flaherty, CN UTR 207, Javea, Alicante, Col. M. Pascal, Mouassiposso BP 1222, BrazzavIlle, C?ngo. H. M. la Nasa, clo Confederacion Argentina de Atletlsmo, Buard Irigooyen 396, 3260 Concepcion del Uruguay, Entre Rios, Rca Argentina. . J. Serruys, "Fit-Veteraan", Postbox 7, B-8000 Brugge I, BelgIUm. W. Sheppard, 2 Montgomery Place, Bulleen, Victoria 3105. S. Yasuda, clo 2-15-2, 301 Yoyogi Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151, Japan. ARBITRATION PANEL P. Alkalay, 68, Stratton Road, Scarsdale, NY 10583, USA: R. Ashenheim, P .0. Box 92, Kingston, Jamaica, West Indles. A.B. Diouf, clo Cour Supreme, Dakar, Senegal. Hon. R. J. Ellicott, 9 Wickham Crescent, Red Hill, ACT 2603, Australia. . Mrs. E. Herberg, clo Deutscher Verband fur LeichtathletIk der DDR, Storkower Strasse 118, 1055 Berlin, GDR. L. Tarasti, Yliskylantie 4 B 8, 00840 Helsinki, Finland.

PANE L OF INTER NATIO NAL WALK ING JUDG ES Argent ina R. P. Aguilera J. L. De la Canale Australia R. Cruize A. Johnso n D. M. Keane M. Patters on Mrs) R. C. Smith E. F. Wilson Austria H. Frantz Belgium R. Maury N.Ops omer J. Vande rhaegh en Brazil J. C. Goncalves Bulgaria D. Marinov V. Vladimirov B. J. Yanev Canad a L. Giorda no A. Keay A. Marro ne (Mrs) N. Marro ne K. Merschenz D. Walker Cuba J. Lopez Garcia J. Diaz Rodriguez Czechoslavakia V. Martinkovic L. Moc Z. Trefny V. Vagner F. Voboril

Denma rk J. Hanne cke (Mrs) P. Lassen Egypt W. S. A. Rahma n Finlan d V. Kanga spunta P. Tarkka nen France J. Charti er M. Couba rd J. Dahm R. Gamie r L. Ghesquiere (Mrs) F. Herbet Greece N. Hadjiy annis N. Lagoy annis E. Siskos G.D.R . G. Frister J. Kriiger D. Lehma nn (Mrs) G. Rosenow F.R.G . H. Bemdt J. Kraem er D. Pawlak G.B. & N.I. G. Brown F. Denny A. Hall R. Hollan d F. James P. Marlow R. Smith R. Wells G. Wish (Mrs) J. Wish 18

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Hunga ry I. Havasi S. Kovacs J. Szabo M. Tokos Israel I. Austin L. Rabinowitz J. Sawitski Italy P. Castiglione D.D'A scola L. Favati A. Roman o G. Tosi W. Zanellini Luxem bourg C.Sow a Malaysia K. Balach andran S. Vegiyathuman Mexico A. Marqu es de la Mora J. F. Infante Elizarraraz A. Navarr o Monsalvo G. Roldan Netherlands J. Van Leeuwen New Zealan d D. B. Chadd erton C. E. J. Cook L. F. Gerrie G. Harvie R. Pilkington N. Read

Norwa y D. Gassan d J. Guttul srod H. Nymar k H. Persso n P. Straus B. Tindlu nd Panam a F. Aldere te Poland W. Kirkor J. Krynicki J. Leleno A. Marko wski R. Marko wski M. Rduch (Mrs) J. Zerko Ruman ia L. Kavaiosofoglu I. Popa Singap ore D. de Sousa

U.S.S. R. Spain A. Frukto v D. C. Husillos A. Issurin E. Gan;es Marro A. Kharba rov G. Monta gut V. Lakho v Sweden V. Samotesov H. Ekenm yr U.S.A . F. Erikss on F. Alongi R. Johans son R. Bowm an R. Nilsson (Mrs) R. Daniel R. Nilsson Denma n E. S. Sjunne sson Hickey R. A. Thures on Hickm an (Ms) D. C. Thures on Larson K. L. Switzerland Laskau H. H. R. Crausa z nald Macdo B. V. Dague t tein Rosens B. M. A. Libott e Rudow M. L. Marqu is Trinid ad & Tobag o H. R. Lee E. A. Pierre

VETERANS OF THE I.A.A.F .

Elected

1972 1982 1984 1968 1980 1958 1980 1966

Hassan Agabani (Sudan). Essa AI-Dashti (Kuwait). Ahmad Al-Rashdan (Kuwait) Hanji Aoki (Japan) Alhaji Arogun dade (Nigeria). Kinichi Asano (Japan). Richard Ashenheim (Jamaica). Robert Adasz (Israel). Harold I. Austad (New Zealand). Helio Babo (Brazil). Fernan do Bautista (Philippines) Mrs. Use Bechthold (F.R.G .) Eduard o Bernal (Argentina) Karl Beuermann (F. R. G.) Jerzy Bogobowicz (Poland). Emanuel Bosak (Czechoslovakia). Nils Carlius (Sweden). QlIan Cassell (U.S.A .).

1964

1980 1984 1984 1984 1970 1980 1970 1976 1982 19

Deceased

i Âˇ1

Avery Brundage (U.S.A.). Friedrich Burger (F.R.G.). J. E. Chryssafis (Greece). Emile Clemme (Belgium). Ernest H. L. Clynes (G.B. & N.!.). Jack C. G. Crump (G.B. & N.!.). Jack W. Davies (Canada). Charles J. Dieges (U.S.A.). Carl Diem (F.R.G.). J. Sigfrid Edstrom (Sweden). Leopold Englund (Sweden). Tage Ericson (Sweden). The Marquess of Exeter (G.B. & N.!.). John Falchenberg (Norway). Daniel J. Ferris (U.S.A.). C. Forys (Poland). J. Genet (France). Francis Guilleux (France). Kristian Hellstrom (Sweden). Edouard Hermes (Belgium). Arthur J. Hodsdon (Australia). Ernest J. H. Holt (G.B. & N.!.). Murray Hulbert (U.S.A.). Evan A. Hunter (South Africa). Ludwig Jail (F.R.G.). G. Jurgenson (France). Hiromu Kasuga (Japan). Gustavus T. Kirby (U.S.A.). S. Kishi (Japan). Hilding Kjellman (Sweden). Jukka Lehtinen (Finland). Joe B. MacCabe (U.S.A.). E. S. Marks (Australia). Paul Mericarnp (France). J. G. Merrick (Canada). Justus W. Meyerhof (F.R.G.). Lauri Miettinen (Finland). Joe Moerman (Netherlands). F. A. Moran (Eire). Naili Moran (Turkey). Mogens Oppegaard (Norway). Donald T. P. Pain (G.B. & N.!.) Lauri Pihkala (Finland). Franz Reichel (France). Karl Ritter von Halt (F.R.G.).

1946 1930 1930 1952 1964 1958 1964 1932 1930 1928 1928 1952 1950 1946 1952 1964 1928 1964 1964 1948 1966 1946 1932 1946 1972 1948 1966 1928 1932 1928 1972 1928 1932 1932 1930 1930 1946 1974 1948 1958 1950 1956 1928 1928 1960

Deceased Oscar Rosenvinge-Kolderup (Norway). F. W. Rubien (U.S.A.). Johannes Runge (F.R. G.). G. V. A. Schofield (G.B. & N.I.). Jean R. Seurin (France). Pincus Sober (U.S.A.). G. D. Sondi (India). Szilard Stankovits (Hungary). Pasquale Stassano (Italy). Peter Stepanenko (U.S.S.R.). Hans Sulak (Czechoslovakia). Robert M. Thompson (U.S.A.). Pierre Tonelli (France). Hugh Weir (Australia). Hermann Wraschtil (Austria). Bruno Zauli (Italy).

1930 1932 1930 1930 1950 1966 1948 1928 1970 1968 1976 1928 1958 1956 1928 1954

I.A.A.F. CONTINENTAL ASSOCIATIONS AFRICA African Amateur Athletic Confederation (A.A.A.C.). President: L. Diack, P.O. Box 86, Dakar, Senegal. Secretary General: G. Coulibaly, P.O. Box 88, Dakar, Senegal. ASIA Asian Amateur Athletic Association (AAA.A.). President: S. Yasuda,DAl 4 Bunsei Bldg. 703, 7-10-9 Akasaka, Minato-Ku, Tokyo 107, Japan. Hon. Secretary/Treasurer: M. Nicholas, 26 Windsor Park Road, Rep. of Singapore, District No.: 2057.

EUROPE European Athletic Association (E.A.A.). President: A. A. Gold, 49 Friern Mount Drive, Whetstone, London N20 9DJ, England. Hon. Secretary: P. Dasriaux, 22 rue Eugene Jumin, 75019, Paris, France. Hon. Treasurer: J. Frauenlob, 110 chemin de la Montagne, 1224 Chene-Bougeries, Geneva, Switzerland. NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA Representative on LA.A.F. Council ALD. Francis, Box 8134, Santurce, Puerto Rico 00910 P.R. Hon. Secretary: I. Delgado, Box 8134, Santurce, Puerto Rico 00910 OCEANIA President: C. D. Lee, clo N.S.W. A.A.A., P.O. Box N101, Grosvenor Street, Sydney, N.S.W. 2000, Australia. Hon. Secretary/Treasurer: A. R. Eustace, 7 Moerangi Street, Palmerston North, New Zealand. SOUTH AMERICA Confederaci6n Sudamericana de Atletismo. President: Vice Admiral P. J. Galvez, Hon. Secretary: C. de Vinatea, CSA Bureau, Calle 22 No. 160 Urb Corpac Lima 27, Peru..

Only the Members' names and addresses are given in the Handbook. The LA.A.F. Directory appears in January every year and provides fuller up-to-date information of telephone numbers, cable addresses, telex numbers and names of officers of all 24

I.A.A.F. Member Federations, Committees and Area Group Associations. In addition the Directory provides many other useful addresses and is obtainable (price Â£2.00) from the I.A.A.F. Bureau. LIST OF MEMBERS The letter in parenthesis denote the official abbreviation of the Member's title, the year of foundation, and the grouping of the Member country (Rule 4). AFGHANISTAN (AFG) (1930) ALBANIA (ALB) (1930) ALGERIA (ALG) (1963) ANGOLA (ANO)

ANGUILLA (ANG) (1978) ANTIGUA (ANT) AND BARBUDA (1960) ARGENTINA (ARG) (1954) AUSTRALIA (AUS) (1897) AUSTRIA (AUT) (1902) BAHAMAS (BAH) (1952) BAHRAIN (BHR) (1974)

Republic of Afghanistan National Olympic Committee, Kabul, Afghanistan. Federation Albanaise d' AthU:tisme, Rruga Kongresi 1 Permetit 41, Tirana, Albania. Federation Algerienne d'Athletisme, Maison Federations Sportives. B.P. 88 EI-Biar, Alger, Algeria. Federation Angolaise d' Boite Postale - 643, Alianl;a Comercial, Lda Luanda, Angola R.P.A Anguilla Amateur Athletic Association The Valley, Anguilla, W.I. Antigua and Barbuda Athletic Association, P.O. Box 972, St. John's, Antigua. Confederaci6n Argentina de Atletismo, Buard Irigoyen 396, 3260 Concepcion del Uruguay, Entre Rios, Rea, Argentina. Amateur Athletic Union Grandstand, Olympic Park Athletic Track, Swan Street, Melbourne, . Victoria 3002, Australia. Osterreichischer LeichtathletikVerband, Vienna 1040, Prinz Eugenstrasse 12, Austria. Bahamas Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box, S.S. 5517, Nassau, Bahamas. Bahrain Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 5163, Manama, State of Bahrain. 25

BANGLADESH (BAN) (1973) BARBADOS (BAR) (1947) (B) BELGIUM (BEL) (1889) BELIZE (BIZ) (1956)

I, --

BENIN (BEN) (1960) BERMUDA (BER) (1946) BHUTAN (BHU) 1972 BOLIVIA (BOL) (1929 BOTSWANA (BOT) (1972) BRAZIL (BRA) (1914) BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS (BVI) (1972) BRUNEI (BRU) (1953) BULGARIA (BUL) (1924) BURMA (BIR) (1947) BURUNDI (BUR) (1960)

Bangladesh Amateur Athletic Federation, Room 33 National Stadium, Dacca-2, Bangladesh. Amateur Athletic Association of Barbados, P.O. Box 46, Bridgetown, Barbados, West Indies. Ligue Royale Belge d'Athletisme (K.B.A.B.), Rue Saint Laurent 14-16, (Boite 16) 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium. Belize Amateur Athletic Association, RP. 670, Belize City, Belize, Central America. Federation Beninoise d'Athletisme, B.P. 65,Porto-Novo, Benin. Bermuda Track & Field Association P.O. Box 397 - Devonshire 4, Bermuda. Bhutan Athletic Federation, P .0. Box 103, Thimphu, Bhutan. Federaci6n Atletica de Bolivia, Calle Mexico No. 1638, Casilla 7864, La paz Bolivia. Botswana Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 1404, Garborone, Botswana. Confederac;:ao Brasileira de Atletismo, Aranha, 81-Grupo 808/811, Av. 20030 - Rio de Janeiro, (R.J.) Brazil. British Virgin Islands Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 223, Road Town, Tortola, B.V.I. Brunei Amateur Athletic Association P .0. Box 1330, Bandar Seri, Bagawan. Brunei. Federation Bulgare d'Athletisme, boul - Tolboukhine 18, Sofia, Bulgaria. Burma Track & Field Federation . Aungsan Memorial Stadium, Mingalataungnyunt Township, - Rangoon Division 11221, Burma. Federation d'Athletisme du Burundi, c/o le Departement des Sports, B.P. 1095, Bujumbura, Burundi. 26

CAMEROONS (CMR) (1959) CANADA (CAN) (1889) CAYMAN ISLANDS (CAY) (1976) CENTRAL AFRICAN EMPIRE (CAF) (1962) CHILE (CHI) (1917) CHINA-PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF (1924) COLOMBIA (COL) (1937) COMORES (COM) (1979) CONGO (CGO) (1962) COOK ISLANDS (CKI) (1962) COSTA RICA (CRC) (1960) CUBA (CUB) (1922) CYPRUS (1983) CZECHOSLAVAKIA (TCH) (1897)

Federation Camerounaise d'Athletisme, B. P. 353 Yaounde Republique du Cameroun. Canadian Track and Field Association 355 River Road, Tower "B", Vanier City, Ottawa, Ontario KIL 8Cl, Canada. Cayman Islands Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 527, George Town, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands, British West Indies. Federation Centrafricaine d'Athletisme Amateur, B.P. 573, Bangui, Republique Centrafricaine. Federaci6n Atletica de Chile, Calle Santo Toribio 660, Casilla 820, Santiago de Chile, Chile. Athletic Association of the People's Republic of China, 9 Tiyuguan Road, Beijing, China. Federaci6n Colombiana de Atletismo, Calk 16, No. 9-64, Oficina 404, Apartado Aereo 6024, Bogota, Colombia. Federation Comorienne d'Athletisme, B.P. 905 Moroni, Comores. Federation Congolaise d' Athletisme, B.P. 1222, Brazzaville, Republique Populaire du Congo. Cook Islands Amateur Athletic Association (Inc)., P .0. Mangaia, Cook Islands. Federaci6n Costarricense de Atletismo Aficionado (FECOAA), P .0. Box 5009, 1000 San Jose, Costa Rica. Federaci6n Cubana de Atletismo, Calle 13 No: 601, Zona Postale 4, Vedado, Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba. The Amateur Athletic Association of Cyprus, Evagoras Ave, Hadzisavvas Building 2D/13, Nicosia, Cyprus. Ceskoslovensky Atleticky svaz, Na Porid 12, 115 30 Praha 1 Czechoslovakia. 27

i U !I

DENMARK (DEN) (1907)

Dansk Athletik Forbund, Idraettens Hus, Brondby Stadion 20, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark.

GHANA (GHA) (1944)

Ghana Amateur Athletic Association, Sports Council of Ghana, P.O. Box 1272, Accra, Ghana.

DJIBOUTI (DJI) (1982)

Federation d'AthU:tisme de la Republique de Djibouti, BP 16, Republique de Djibouti.

GIBRALTAR (GIB) (1954)

Gibraltar Amateur Athletic Association, P .0. Box 284, Gibraltar.

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC (DOM) (1953)

Federacion Dominicana de Atletismo Aficionado, Estadio Olimpico "Juan Pablo Duarte", Santo Domingo D.N., Republica Dominicana.

G.B. & N.!. (GBR) (1932)

British Amateur Athletic Board. Francis House, Francis Street, London SWIP IDL, England.

GREECE (GRE) (1897)

ECUADOR (ECU) (1925)

Federacion Ecuatoriana de Atletismo, P .0. Box 1210, Quito, Ecuador.

Association Hellenique d'Athletisme Amateur (SEGAS), 137 Avenue Syngrou, Athens 404, Greece.

GRENADA (GRN) (1924)

EGYPT (EGY) (1910)

Egyptian Amateur Athletic Federation 13 Kasr El Nil Street, Cairo, Egypt.

Grenada Amateur Athletic & Cycling Association, P.O. Box 419, St. George's, Grenada, Wl.

l; L

ETHIOPIA (ETH) (1961)

National Ethiopian Athletic Federation, Addis Ababa Stadium, P .0. Box 3241, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

GUATEMALA (GUA) (1945)

Federaci6n Nacional de Atletismo, Palacio de los Deportes, Guatemala Ciudad, Republica de Guatemala, c.A.

GUINEA (GUI) (1959)

Federation Guineenne d'Atletisme Amateur, Ministere de la Jeunesse, des Arts et des Sport, B.P. 262, Conakry, Republique de Guinee.

GUYANA (GUY) (1948

Amateur Athletic Association of Guyana, P .0. Box 10133, Georgetown, Guyana.

i I

[

FIJI (FIJ) (1949)

Fiji Amateur Athletic Federation, G.P.O. Box 1175, Suva, Fiji.

FINLAND (FIN) (1906)

Suomen Urheilulitto, Box 25202, SF - 00251 Helsinki 25, Finland.

FRANCE (FRA) (1920)

d'Athletisme, Federation 10 rue du Faubourg Poissonniere, 75480 Paris Cedex 10, France.

HAITI (HA!) (1969)

Commission Nationale Ha'itienne d'AthU:tisme, clo P.O. Box 1334, Port-au-Prince, Ha'iti, W.!.

GABON (GAB) (1961)

Federation Gabonaise d' Athletisme B.P. 2266 Libreville, Republique Gabonaise.

HONDURAS (HON) (1951)

THE GAMBIA (GAM) (1960)

The Gambia Amateur Athletic Association, clo P.O. Box 72, Banjul, The Gambia, West Africa.

Federacion Nacional Deportiva Extraescolar de Honduras, Apartado Postal 331, Tegucigalpa, D.C., Honduras, C.A.

GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC (GDR) (1950) FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY (FRG) (1898)

Deutscher Verband fUr Leichtathletik . der DDR, 1005 Berlin, Storkower Strasse 118, G.D.R. Deutscher Leichtathletik Verband, 6100 Darmstadt, Rheinstrasse 20a, Federal Republic of Germany. 28

HONG KONG (HKG) (1951)

Hong Kong Amateur Athletic Association, G.P.O. Box 280, Hong Kong.

HUNGARY (HUN) (1897)

Magyar Atletikai Szovetseg, 1143 Budapest, Dozsa, Gyorgy ut. 1-3, Hungary.

ICELAND (ISL) (1947)

Frjalsiprottasamband Islands, P .0. Box 1099, Iprottamidstodinni Laugardal, Reykjavik, Iceland. 29

I !

II.

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I11 1

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INDIA (IND) (1946) INDONESIA (lNA) (1950) IRAN (lRN) (1936)

IRAQ (IRQ) (1957) IRELAND (IRE) (1937) ISRAEL (lSR) (1931) ITALY (ITA) (1906) IVORY COAST (CIV) (1960) JAMAICA (JAM) (1932) JAPAN (JPN) (1925) JORDAN (JOR) (1961) KENYA (KEN) (1951) KHMER (1936)

(KHM)

KOREA (KOR) (1945)

Amateur Athletic Federation of India, Room No: 0028, A Block, Jawahar Lal, Nehru Stadium, Lodi Road, New Delhi, 110003 India. Persatuan Atletik Seluruh Indonesia (PAS!). Jalan Menteng Raya 72, Jakarta Pusat, Indonesia. Amateur Athletic Federation of Islamic Republic of Iran, Mobarezan Islam Ave, Shahid Siroudi Stadium, Varzandeh Street No. 10, Tehran, Islam Republic of Iran. Iraqi Amateur Athletic Federation, clo Iraqi National Olympic Committee, P .0. Box 441, Baghdad, Iraq. Bord Luthchleas Na h'Eireann, 11 Prospect Road, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland. Israeli Amateur Athletic Association, P .0. Box 4575, 4 Marmorek Street, Tel-Aviv 61044, Israel. Federazione Italiana di Atletica Leggera, viale Tiziano 70, 00136 Roma, Italy. Federation Ivoirienne d'Athletisme, Boulevard Lagunaire, B.P. 2844, Abidjan 01, Ivory Coast. Jamaica Amateur Athletic Association P .0. Box 272, Kingston 5, Jamaica, West Indies. Nippon Rikujo-Kyogi Renmei, 1-1-1, Jinnan, Shibuya-Ku, Tokyo, 150, Japan. Jordan Amateur Athletic Federation. P.O. Box 413, Amman, Jordan. Kenya Amateur Athletic Association, Nyayo National Stadium, Nairobi West P.O. Box 46722, Nairobi, Kenya. Federation Khmere d'Athletisme Amateur, Complexe Sportif National, B.P. 101, Phnom-Penh, R.P. Kampuchea. Korea Amateur Athletic Federation, P.O. Box 566, K.W.M. Seoul, Korea. 30

D.P.R. KOREA (PRK) (1955)

Amateur Athletic Association of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Munsin-Dong 2, Dongdaewon Dist., Pyongyang, DPR Korea. Kuwait Athletic Federation, P .0. Box KUWAIT (KUW) (1957) 5499, Khaled Ben AI-Walid Street, Shaker-AI-Kazemi Bldg., No: 9, State of Kuwait. LAOS (LAO) Federation Lao d'Athletisme, clo (1958) Direction des Sports, Stade National, B.P. 268, Vientiane, R.D.P. Laos. LEBANON (LIB) Federation Libanaise d'Athletisme, (1945) P.O. Box 5601, Beyrouth, Lebanon. Lesotho Sports Council, P.O. Box 138, LESOTHO (LES) (1931) Maseru, Lesotho. LIBERIA (LBR) Liberia Track & Field Federation, (1955) P .0. Box 3264, Momovia, Liberia. LIBYA (LBA) Jamahiriya Amateur Athletic Federation, P.O. Box 879, Tripoli, (1962) Libya. LIECHTENSTEIN (LIE) Liechtensteiner Turn-und Leichtathletikverband, Eschnerstrasse (1936) 33, FL-9494 Schaan, Liechtenstein. LUXEMBOURG (LUX) Federation Luxembourgeoise D' Athletisme, B.P. 1055, L-I0I0, (1928) Luxembourg. MADAGASCAR (MAD) Federation Malgache d'Athletisme, B.P. 681, Antanawarivo, Madagascar. (1962) Amateur Athletic Association of MALAWI (MAW) Malawi, P.O. Box 1079, Blantyre, (1967) Malawi. MALAYSIA (MAL) Malaysia Amateur Athletic Union (1906) Stadium Merdeka, P.O. Box 957, Kuala Lumpur 05-06, Malaysia. Reformed 1963 MALI (MLI) Federation Malienne d'Athletisme, (1960) Amateur, clo Ministere Sports, Arts & Culture, P.O. Box 2234, Bamako, Republique du Mali. MALTA (MLT) Malta Amateur Athletic Association, (1928) Brantwood, Alley 6, Main Street, Mosta, Malta. MAURITANIA (MTN) Federation d'Athletisme de la (1962) Republique Islamique de Mauritanie, B.P. 374, Nouakchott, Republique Islamique de Mauritanie. 31

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Mauritius Sports Association, 8 FeUcien Mallefille St., Port Louis Mauritius. Federaci6n Mexicana de Atletismo, MEXICO (MEX) Puerta Numero 9, Ciudad Deportiva (1933) 08010, Mexico 8 D.F. Federation Monegrt!ue d'Athletisme, MONACO (MON) Siege des rtives, quai Albert (1984) ler, Monac . 000. The Athletic Federation of the MONGOLIA (MGL) Mongolian People's Republic, M.A.F., (1960) Baga Toirog 55, Ulan-Batar, Mongolia. MONTSERRAT (MNT) Montserrat Amateur Athletic (1971) Association, P.O. Box 177, Plymouth, Montserrat, West Indies. MOROCCO (MAR) Federation Royale Marocaine (1957) d'Athletisme, Centre National .des Sports, Bellevue Avenue, Ibn Sina, Rabat, Morocco. MOZAMBIQUE (MOZ) de Atletismo, (1978) C.P. 1094, Maputo, Mozambique. NAURU (NAU) Nauru Amateur Athletics Association, (1967) G.P.O. Box 33, Nauru Island, Central Pacific. NEPAL (NEP) Amateur Athletic Association of (1948) Nepal, National Sports Council, Dashrath Rangshala, Tripureshwar, Kathmandu, Nepal. NETHERLANDS (HOL) Koninklijke Nederlandse Atletiek-Unie (1901) (KNAU), Nachtegaalstrat 67, P .0. Box 14444, 3508 SM Utrecht, Netherlands. NETHERLANDS NederIands AntiIIiaanse Athletiek ANTILLES (AHO) Unie, clo H. Prince, Santa Rosaweg (1934) Netherlands 22, WiIIemstad, Reformed 1962 Antilles. NEW ZEALAND (NZL) New Zealand Amateur Athletic (1887) Association (Inc.), P.O. Box 741, Wellington, New Zealand. NICARAGUA (NCA) Federaci6n Nicaraguense de Atletismo, (1964) Apartado No. P-46, Managua, Nicaragua C.A. NIGER (NIG) Federation Nigerienne d' Athletisme, (1961) B.P. 215, Niamey, Niger. NIGERIA (NGR) Amateur Athletic Association of (1944) Nigeria, p.a. Box 211, Lagos, Nigeria, West Africa. 32 MAURITIUS (MRI) (1952)

NORWAY (NOR) (1896) OMAN (OMN) (1982) P AKISTAN (PAK) (1947) PALESTINE (PAL) (1964) PANAMA (PAN) (1945) PAPUANEW GUINEA (NGU) (1961) PARAGUAY (PAR) (1947) PERU (PER) (1918) PHILIPPINES (PHI) (1961) POLAND (PaL) (1919) PORTUGAL (POR) (192t) PUERTO RICO (PUR) (1947) QATAR (QAT) (1963) ROMANIA (ROM) (1912) RWANDA (RWA) (1973) SAINT KITT'S (STK) (1961)

Norges Fri-Idrettsforbund, Tollbugt 11, Oslo 1, Norway. Oman Athletic Association, P .0. Box 211, Muscat, Oman. Pakistan Amateur Athletic Federation, Railway Stadium, Ghari Shahu, Lahore 5, Pakistan. Palestine Amateur Athletic Federation P.O. Box 26927, Safat, Kuwait. Federaci6n Panamena de Atletismo, Apartado No: 9764, Panama 4, Republic of Panama. Papua New Guinea Amateur Athletic Union, P .0. Box 6834, Boroko, Papua New Guinea. Federaci6n Paraguaya de Atletismo, Esq. 25 Mayo, Asunci6n, Paraguay. Federaci6n Peruana de Atletismo, Estadio Nacional Puerta 4, 2do. Piso, Lima, Peru. Philippines Amateur Track & Field Association, Room 210, Foundation Building, Rizal Memorial Complex, Vito Cruz Street, Manila, Philippines. Polski Zwiazek Lekkiej Atletyki, 00-372 Warszawa, UI. Foksal 19, Poland. Portuguesa de Atletismo, Av. Infante Santo, 68-7 0 , ElF 1.300 Lisboa, Portugal. Federaci6n de Atletismo Aflcionada de Puerto Rico, P.O. Box 3299, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00919. Qatar Amateur Athletic Federation, P.O. Box 8139, Doha, State of Qatar. Federatia Romana de Atletism, Str. Vasile Conta 16, 70139 Bucuresti, Romania. Federation Rwandaise des Sports, clo Ministere de la Jeunesse et du Movement Cooperatif, B.P. 1044, Kigali, Rwanda. St. Kitt's Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 122, Basseterre, St. Kitt's, W.1. 33

St. Lucia Amateur Athletic and Cycling Association, P .0. Box 301, Castries, Saint Lucia, W.1. SAINT VINCENT (STV) Saint Vincent Amateur Athletic Association, P .0. Box 274, Kingstown, (1955) P.O., St. Vincent, W.I. Federaci6n Salvadorena de Atletismo, EL SALVADOR (ESA) Apartado Postal No: 759, San (1943) Salvador, El Salvador. Federazione Sammarinese Atletica SAN MARINO (SMR) Leggera, Palazzo del Turismo, 47031 (1969) Republica di San Marino. DEMOCRATIC REP. Santomense de Atletismo, OF SAO TOME E Caixa Postal No. 42 - S. Tome PRINCIPE (1980) Republica, Democratica de Sao Tome E Principe. SAUDI ARABIA (SAU) Saudi Arabia Amateur Athletic (1963) Association, P .0. Box 5802, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. SENEGAL (SEN) Federation Senegalaise d'Athletisme, (1960) B.P. 1737, Dakar, Republique du Senegal. SEYCHELLES (SEY) Seychelles Amateur Athletic (1977) Federation, P.O. Box 580, Victoria, Mahe, Seychelles. SIERRA LEONE (SLE) Sierra Leone Amateur Athletic (1951) Association, clo National Sports Council, Siaka Stevens Stadium, Brookfields, Freetown, Sierra Leone. SINGAPORE (SIN) Singapore Amateur Athletic (1934) Association, Newtown, P .0. Box 33, Singapore 9122. SOLOMONS ISLANDS Solomon Islands Amateur Athletic (SOL) (1980) Union, p.a. Box 546, Honiara, Solomon Islands. SOMALIA (SOL) Somalia Amateur Athletic Association, (1959) P.O. Box 523, Mogadiscio, Somalia Democratic Republic. SPAIN (ESP) Real Federaci6n Espanola de (1918) Atletismo, Miguel Angel 16, 10 , Madrid 28010, Spain. SRI LANKA (SRI) Amateur Athletic Association of Sri (1922) Lanka, 178 Hill Street, Dehiewela, Sri Lanka. SAINT LUCIA (STL) (1978)

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SUDAN (SUD) (1959) SURINAME (SUR) (1955) SWAZILAND (SWZ) (1969) SWEDEN (SWE) (1895) SWITZERLAND (SUI) (1905) SYRIA (SYR) (1952) CHINESE TAIPEI (1914) TANZANIA (TAN) (1954) TCHAD (CHA) (1963) THAILAND (THA) (1948) TOGO (TOG) (1963) TONGA (TON) (1962) TRINIDAD & TOBAGO (TRI) (1945) Reformed 1971 TUNISIA (TUN) (1957)

Sudan Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 1938, Khartoum, Republic of Sudan. De Surinaamse Atletiek Bond, P.O. Box 1758, Paramaribo, Suriname, S. America. Swaziland Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 383, Mbabane, Swaziland, Southern Africa. Svenska Fri-Idrottsforbundet, Sofiatornet, Stadion S 114 33, Stockholm, Sweden. Schweizerischer Leichtathletikverband, Case Postale 2233, CH 3001, Berne, Switzerland. Syrian Arab Amateur Athletic . Federation, Box 421, Damascus, SYrIa. Chinese Taipei Track & Field Association, 537 Chung-Hsiao E Road, Section 4, Taipei, (105) Taiwan. Tanzania Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 2172, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania, East Africa. Federation Tchadienne d' Athletisme, Direction de la Jeunesse et des Sports, BP. 519 - N'Djamena, Tchad. Amateur Athletic Association of Thailand, National Stadium, Rama 1 Road, Pratomwan, Bangkok, Thailand. Federation Togolaise d'Athletisme, B.P. 2299, Lome, Togo. Tonga Amateur Sports Association clo P.O. Box 80, Nuku'alofa, Tonga, South Pacific. National Amateur Athletic Association of Trinidad & Tobago, 15 Seukeran Street, Les Efforts West, San Fernando, Trinidad, W.I. Federation Tunisienne d' Athletisme, 13 rue de Cologne, 1002 Tunis Belvedere, Tunisia. 35

r Tiirkiye AmatOr Atletizm Federasyonu, Ulus Ishani A Blok Kat 5, Ankara, Turkey. TURKS & CAICOS (TKS) Turks & Caicos Islands Amateur (1977) Athletic Association, Cockburn Town, Grand Turk, Turks & Caicos Islands, West Indies. UGANDA (UGA) Uganda Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 20077, Lugogo-Kampala, (1925) Uganda. Light Athletic Federation of the U.S.S.R. (URS) (1945) U.S.S.R., Luzhnetskaja Naberezhnaja 8, 119270 Moscow, U.S.S.R. UNITED ARAB (UAE) U .A.E. Athletics Association, Box EMIRATES 6756, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. (1976) U.S.A. (USA) The Athletics Congress of the U.S.A. (1888) Inc., P.O. Box 120, Indianapolis, Indiana 46206-0120, U.S.A. UPPER VOLTA (VOL) Federation Voltalque d'Athletisme, (1961) B.P. 772. Ouagadougou, Republique Now BURKINA FASO de Haute Volta. URUGUAY (URU) Confederaci6n Atletica del Uruguay, (1918) Casa de los Deportes, Canelones 1136, Montevideo, Uruguay. VANUATU (VAN) Vanuatu Amateur Athletic Federation, (formerly New Box 888, Port VHa, Vanuatu. Hebrides (1965) VENEZUELA (VEN) Federaci6n Venezolana de Atletismo, (1948) Instituto Nacional de Deportes la Vega, Caracas, Venezuela. VIETNAM (VIE) Vietnam Athletic Association, (1951) 36 Tran Phu, Hanoi, Vietnam. VIRGIN ISLANDS (lSV) Virgin Islands Track & Field (1963) Federation, P .0. Box 7400, Sunny Isle, Christiansted, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands 00820. WESTERN SAMOA Western Samoa Amateur Athletic (SAM) Association, P.O. Box 713, Apia, (1962) Western Samoa. TURKEY (TUR) (1922)

YEMEN ARAB REPUBLIC (YAR) (1976) PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF YEMEN (1977) (PRY) YUGOSLAVIA (YUG) (1921) ZAIRE (ZAI) (1949) ZAMBIA (ZAM) (reformed in 1963) (1949) ZIMBABWE (ZIM) (formerly Rhodesia) (1912)

Yemen Amateur Athletic Federation, P.O. Box 2384, Sana'a, Yemen Arab Republic. Yemeni Athletic Federation, P.O. Box 4352, Crater, Aden, People's Democratic Rep. of Yemen. Federation Yougoslave d' Athletisme, Strahinica Bana 73a, 11000 Beograd, Yugoslavia. Federation Zairoise d'Athletisme, B.P. 1527/Kinshasa 1, 10 rue de Dima Zone de Kinshasa, Republique du Zaire. Zambia Amateur Athletic Association, P .0. Box 80935, Kabwe, Zambia. Amateur Athletic Association of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 187, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe.

DIVISION II LA.A.F. CONSTITUTION RULE 1 Definitions

Athletics: Track and field athletics, road running, walking and cross country running. I.A.A.F.: International Amateur Athletic Federation. Amateur: An amateur is one who abides by the eligibility rules of the LA.A.F. (See Rule 53). Member: Any National Governing Body for amateur athletics affiliated to the LA.A.F. I.Q.C.:

International Olympic Committee. International Athletic Meetings: (a) Olympic Games, World Championships and World Cups. (b) Continental, Regional or Area Championships, Games and Cups (open to all LA.A.F. Members in the Area or Region). (c) Group Games or Championships (Le. other Championships or Games open to all athletes belonging to a defined group). (d) Matches between two or more Members, or combination of Members. (e) International Invitation meetings specifically sanctioned by the LA.A.F. (1) International Invitation Meetings specifically sanctioned by an Area Group Association. (g) Other meetings specifically sanctioned by a Member so that foreign athletes may take part. Majority: An absolute majority is half the votes cast plus 1. A special majority is two-thirds of the votes of those present voting at a Congress, such two-thirds to represent at least one half of the total voting power of all Members of the LA.A.F. RULE 1

Doping: Doping is the use by or distribution to an athlete of certain substances which could have the effect of improving artificially the athlete's physical and/or mental condition and so augmenting his athletic performance. Veteran Athlete: 40 years and over for men and 35 years and over for women. NOTE. 1- Where appropriate the masculine gender shall include the feminine, and the singular shall include the plural. NOTE. 2-In Divisions II and Ill, additions to the Rules as approved by Congress are marked by double lines in the margin. RULE 2 The International Amateur Athletic Federation The LA.A.F. shall comprise duly elected national governing bodies for amateur athletics which agree to abide by the rules and regulations of the LA.A.F. The rules and regulations of an elected National Governing Body 11 must be in conformity with and not wider than LA.A.F. eligibility rules. A Bureau shall be established in London to carry out the administration of the LA.A.F. in accordance with the decisions of Congress and Council. The location may be changed only with the approval of Congress. RULE 3 Objects The objects of the Federation shall be: I.-To establish friendly and loyal co-operation between all Members for the benefit of amateur athletics, ..zace and understanding between nations throughout the world. 2.-To strive to ensure that no raclaf, relIgIOus, political or other kind of discrimination be allowed in athletics, and to take all practicable measures to stop such discrimination. 3.-To strive to secure that there shall be no hindrance to the participation of any country or individual in International athletic competitions on racial, religious or political grounds, and to ensure that there be no such hindrance in international meetings over which the LA.A.F. has control. 39

RULES 1, 2, 3

4.-To compile rules and regulations governing international competitions for men and women, of all amateur athletics. 5.-To ensure that all contests between Members, including Area and Group Championships or Games, shall be held under the laws and rules of the LA.A.F. 6.-To affiliate national governing body for athletics which may be recognised by the respective National Olympic Committee, where such a Committee exists. 7. -To decide any dispute that may arise between Members, if called upon to do so.

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8.-To co-operate with the Organising Committees of the Olympic Games in carrying through the organisation of the athletic competitions, and, as delegated by the LO.C., to supervise and control all the technical arrangements.

3.-Membership shall be divided into three groups as follows:Group" AA" - 8 votes - 35 Members Group "A" - 6 votes - 50 Members Group "B" - 4 votes - remaining Members Specific objective criteria for the grouping of members shall be approved by Congress. At the end of the Congress year, the three Groups shall be decided upon and pubhshed. The existing grouping shall remain until the year end following the Election Congress.

*Groups will be announced after March CouncIl Meeting and a new edition of the 1985/86 Handbook Will be publlshed.

9.-To frame regulations for the establishment of World and Olympic records, and such other amateur athletic records as Congress agrees may be recognised.

RULE 4 Membership

I.-The national governing body for amateur athletics in any country or territory shall be eligible for Membership. Only one Member from each country or territory may be affiliated, and such Member shall be recognised by the LA.A.F. as the only national governing body for all amateur athletics in such country or territory. The jurisdiction of Members shall be limited to the political boundaries of the country or territory they represent. 2.-Application for Membership by a national governing body together with a copy of its Constitution and Rules for the time being shall be submitted to the Council, which shall have the power to elect to Membership provisionally, pending confirmation at the next Congress meeting. Membership provisionally granted by the Council must be confirmed at the next Congress, which confirmation must obtain two-thirds of the votes of those present and voting at such Congress, such two-thirds to represent at least one half of the aggregate voting power of all Members of the LA.A.F. (Le. a special majority). RULES 3,4

RULE 4 .If

4.-The annual fees from each Member affiliated to the LA.A.F. shall be paid, in advance, by 1st January in accordance with the following scale:Group "AA" Group "A" Group "B"

£250 £150 £100

5.-For the purpose of electing the LA.A.F. Council in accordance with Rule 5(1), or any Area Committee, Members are divided into the following areas:-

Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroons Central African Republic Comores Congo Djibouti Egypt Ethiopia Gabon Gambia

RULE 4

AFRICA (47) Ghana Guinea Ivory Coast Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Niger Nigeria

Rwanda Sao Tome Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Tchad Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zaire Zimbabwe

RULE 4

ASIA (39) Afghanistan Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Burma People's Republic of China Hong Kong India Indonesia Iran Iraq

Albania Austria Belgium Bulgaria Cyprus Czechoslovakia Denmark Finland France orway Poland Portugal Rumania

Australia Cook Islands Fiji Nauru

RULE 4

Israel Japan Jordan Khmer Korea D.P.R. Korea Kuwait Laos Lebanon Malaysia Mongolia Nepal Oman Pakistan

EUROPE (34) Federal Republic of Germany German Democratic Republic Gibraltar Great Britain & N. Ireland Greece San a mo Spain Sweden Switzerland

OCEANlA (10) New Zealand Papua New Guinea Solomon Islands Tongo

Palestine Phillipines Qatar Saudi Arabia Singapore Sri Lanka Syria Chinese Taipei Thailand United Arab Emirates Vietnam Yemen (PDR) Yemen (AR)

Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Liechtenstein Luxembourg Malta Monaco e erland Turkey U.S.S.R. Yugoslavia

Vanuatu Western Samoa

NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA (30) 1\uguilla Dominican Republic S1. Kitt's S1. Lucia n 19ua & Barbuda Grenada S1. Vincent Bahamas Guatemala Barbados Haiti El Salvador Belize Honduras Trinidad & Tobago Bermuda Jamaica Turks & Caicos British Virgin Islands Mexico Islands Canada Montserrat U .S.A. Cayman Islands Netherlands Antilles Virgin Islands Costa Rica Nicaragua Cuba Puerto Rico

Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile

SOUTH AMERICA (13) Colombia Paraguay Peru Ecuador Guyana Surinam Panama Uruguay Venezuela

6.-Congress shall decide the name under which a member is listed and may compete. 7.-In every kind of information, bulletin, competition documents, etc, and on official occasions, the names of the participating Members in the language of the Organising Member must correspond to the exact translation of the list of Members as set out in paragraph 5 of this rule. Any abbreviation used for the names of these participating Members must be in conformity with the official abbreviations recognised by the LA.A.F. Council. RULE 5 Council

I.-The Council shall consist of 21 Members as under:" (a) President (h) 4 Vice-Presidents (e) Honorary Treasurer (d) One Representative from each of the following six Area Groups:45

RULES 4,5

-C":;. "

Africa North and Central America Asia Oceania Europe South America (e) Nine members elected as individuals. 11 Not more than one member of the Council may come from any â&#x20AC;˘ one country q.f 2.-Members of the Council shall be elected for a period of four years in accordance with the provisions of Rule 7 - Congress. If during the first two years of the term of office, a vacancy arises in the Council, for an individual Member, a substitute shall be elected at the next Congress for the residuary period. 3.-The Council shall meet at least once a year. The President, or Senior Vice-President in his absence, will preside at all meetings of Council. 4.-At its first meeting, the Council shall nominate one of the Vice-Presidents as Senior Vice-President for the purpose of presiding over the Council in the absence of the President. The Vice-Presidents shall occupy honorary positions and have equal rights with other members of the Council (other than the President and the Senior Vice-President as above). 5.-The President, and each other member of the Council, shall have a vote. The President, in the case of a tie in the voting, shall have a second or casting vote. 6.-The Council's powers shall include the following:(a) To elect a Member provisionally to membership in accordance with the provisions of Rule 4.2 (b) To suspend, or take sanctions against, a Member in accordance with the provisions of Rule 11. (e) To make decisions in urgent matters relating to all rules. Any such decisions must be reported to the next Congress. (d) To summon a Special Congress to deal with any special case of great importance requiring an urgent decision. (e) To delegate, in the administration' of the affairs of the Federation, the power to act in the case of urgency in financial matters to the President and Honorary Treasurer, as appropriate.. In such a case the Council must be advised at the earliest oportunity of any action so taken. The President and Honorary Treasurer shall be entitled to indemnify themselves out of the funds of the Federation in respect of any loss so incurred. RULES

7.-The Council's duties shall include the following:(a) To administer the affairs of the LA.A.F. (b) To submit to each biennial Congress a report, together with audited sheets for the preceding period, and a budget for the succeeding two years. (e) To examine any proposals from Members or committees which are to be discussed at Congress, and to submit such reports thereon as they think fit and to submit to Congress any other proposals they may deem desirable. (d) To notify Members of the imposition of any penalties by either Congress or Council. (e) To maintain a register of World, Olympic and any such other amateur records as Congress may decide to recognise. (f) To control and supervise the athletic technical organisation at the Olympic Games. (g) To appoint Technical Delegates for the Olympic Games, World Championships and World Cup competitions, and the official LA.A.F. Representative at Area or Group Games and Championships, or inter-Continental matches. This representative shall, if possible, be from the Council and shall ensure that LA.A.F. rules are observed. (h) To appoint the General Secretary, who should attend all meetings of the Council and of LA.A.F. Committees. The General Secretary shall be remunerated and shall not be entitled to vote. The General Secretary shall be responsible for the engagement of staff for the Bureau, with the approval of the President anp Honorary Treasurer. The Council shall also appoint such honorary assistants as it may deem necessary for the purpose of administering the affairs of the LA.A.F. (i) To promote a Development Programme for the benefit of Members requiring assistance in the training of coaches, judges, etc. (j) To nominate one or more Vice-Presidents or members of the Council to undertake special responsibility for the supervision of the Development Programme, or to perform any other special duties subject to the overall control of the Council. (k) To appoint members of the Medical Committee, on the recommendation of the existing members of the Committee.

RULES

(I)

To decide on dates and venues for competitions directly organised by the LA.A.F. and defined in Rule 12.1.

(m) To appoint representatives of the LA.A.F. to the Federation

Internationale de Medecine Sportive, Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne and other bodies of a similar nature.

RULE 6 Continental Areas

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I.-Continental, Area or Group Associations, Confederations or Committees may be formed for each of the six groups listed under Rule 4.5 In the case of Committees, these shall be elected by regional congresses and the result of all elections notified to the General Secretary. Each of such Associations, Confederations or Committees shall draw up its own rules relating to its constitution and powers (which shall in all cases be limited to operation within its own area and in no sense conflicting with any LA.A.F. Rule). These rules and any other subsequent amendments must beÂˇ submitted to the Council for approval and referred to the next Congress for amendment or ratification. Associations, Confederations and Committees shall render detailed, written reports of their activities to Congress every two years. 2.-Members shall not be permitted to organise or take part in area or group championships or games if their subscriptions are unpaid for the current year; neither may a representative from any Member take part in any meeting of the Continental Association, Confederation or Committee, unless the subscription of the Member he represents or to which he belongs is paid up for the current year. 3.-If at any time a position as Area Group representative becomes vacant, through resignation or otherwise, the Bureau shall, after consultation with the Area Association concerned, arrange for a ballot within three months to elect a representative to hold office until the next Congress. RULES 5, 6

RULE 7 Congress I.-The Congress of the LA.A.F. shall consist of the Council, Honorary Life Presidents, Honorary Life Vice-Presidents, Honorary Life Personal Members and not more than three delegates from each Member. 2.-The Congress shall be convened bienially and the venue and month shall be fixed at the preceding Congress meeting. The Congress at which the Council and Committees are elected will normally be held in conjunction with the World Championships. A special location in the stadium shall be provided for all Congress delegates to watch the World Championships, or World Cup where appropriate. 3.-A Special Congress may be convened by the Council, and shall be so convened if not less than one-third of the Members give notice in writing to the General Secretary stating that they desire such a meeting and the reasons therefor. The Council shall summon a Special Congress to be held within three months from the receipt of the afore-mentioned notice. 4.-0nly Members who have paid their subscriptions for the current year may take part in any meeting of the Congress. 5.-Members shall only be represented by delegates. Members must certify the names of their delegates in writing to the General Secretary prior to the commencement of the Congress meeting. A Member may have no more than three delegates present at. the Congress, only one of whom may record votes from that Member. 6.-A delegate shall be a citizen of the country or territory of the Member which he represents and shall not have competed as a professional. A delegate may only represent one Member. . A Council Member may not represent his own Member at the Congress as a delegate. 7.-Members included in group "AA" shall be entitled to eight votes each; those in group "A" to six votes each; those in Group "B" to four votes each. NOTE.-Each delegation shall be provided with an official voting card bearing the number of votes to which the delegation is entitled. Unless a ballot is called for, voting shall be conducted by show of voting cards. 49

RULE 7

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8.-The Congress shall be conducted strictly in accordance with the Rules of Congress Procedure. 9.-lmmediately after the first voting strength has been announced and the appointment of scrutineers nominated by Council from the delegates at the Congress has been approved, the confirmation of Membership provisionally granted by the Council under Rule 4.2 shall be voted upon. 1O.-After the second voting strength has been announced, elections shall be held. All nominations shall have been submitted to the General Secretary at least three months prior to the date of the Congress. Nominations can be made only by Members, and in the cases of an Area Group Representative, only by Members in that respective Group. No election shall take effect until the conclusion of the Congress. The Council and Committees elected at a Congress coinciding with the World Championships shall not take office until after the Championships. The elections shall be held in the following order:(i) President (N) 4 Vice Presidents All ballot papers to be valid, must register votes for 4 candidates, no more and no less. If there are three of four successful candidates from the same area group, then only the two with the most votes shall be declared elected, and, in the next ballot, only candidates for the other area groups may participate; (ai) Honorary Treasurer; (iv) Area Group Representatives A separate ballot shall be held for each area group and only those Members included in the group under Rule 4.5 shall be eligible to vote; (v) Individual members All ballot papers, to be valid, must register votes for 9 candidates, no more and no less; (vi) Committees The Arbitration Panel; the Technical Committee; the Women's Committee; the Walking Committee; the Cross Country and Road Committee; the Veterans' Committee, and any other Committee appointed by the Congress as necessary.

RULE 7

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11.-Not more than one member of the Council may come from anyone country or territory. 12.-Elections held under Rule 7 (10) shall require an absolute majority of the votes cast on the first round and a simple majority on the second round. B.-If at the time of an election there are fewer candidates than there are vacancies, the President may invite Members at the Congress to submit further nominations. 14.-Any unsuccessful candidate for any position may, if also so nominated, be included in a subsequent ballot for any other position. 15.-0n the recommendation of Council, in recognition of valued services given to the LA.A.F., Congress shall be entitled to elect Honorary Life Presidents, Honorary Life Vice Presidents and Honorary Life Personal Members, without voting powers. 16.-ln addition, the Congress on the recommendation of Council, may grant the following awards:(i) I.A.A.F. Veteran Pin For long and meritorious service to the cause of world athletics within LA.A.F. activities. Normally 8 per Congress shall be awarded. (N) Plaque of Merit For meritorious service to the cause of track and field athletics within area group activities, to be proposed by area groups. (Hi) Admittance to the Hall of Fame For exceptional, meritorious performances of outstanding athletes; A suitable LA.A.F. diploma will be presented to all recipients of the above awards as well as to Honorary Life Officers and Members. 17.-0nly the Congress shall have the power to amend, add to, or alter any Rule. Such powers must be exercised in accordance with Rule 10. Congress shall have the power to suspend and take other sanctions, and to reinstate Members. Such powers must be exercised in accordance with Rule 11. 18.-0nly Congress will have the right to decide upon the introduction of new competitions directly organised by the LA.A.F.: i.e. World Championships and World Cups. 19.-The Council of the I.A.A.F. shall attend the Congress but no member of Council shall represent his or her own Member. Council members may speak, but may not vote.

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RULE 7

20.-Honorary Presidents, Honorary Life Vice Presidents and Honorary Life Personal Members may attend the Congress and may speak, but may not vote.

RULE 8 Committees I.-All Committees, with the exception of the Medical Committee who are appointed, shall be elected for a period of four years, unless otherwise decided by Congress. 2.-The President shall be an ex-officio member of all Committees. 3.-There shall be at least the following Committees:(a) Technical Committee - The Technical Committee, to whom all questions concerning Competition Rules shall be referred, shall consist of a Chairman and 15 individuals. (b) Women's Committee - the Women's Committee to whom all questions concerning women's athletics shall be referred, shall consist of a Chairman and 10 individuals. (c) Walking Committee - the Walking Committee, to whom all questions concerning walking shall be referred, shall consist of a Chairman and 10 individuals. (d) Cross Country and Road Running Committee - the Cross Country and Road Running Committee, to whom all questions concerning cross country and road running shall be referred, shall consist of a Chairman and 10 individuals. *(e) Veterans' Committee - The Veterans' Committee to whom all questions concerning veteran athletes shall be referred, shall consist of a Chairman and 10 individuals. (f) Medical Committee - the Medical Committee, to whom all questions of a medical nature concerning athletics shall be referred, shall consist of a Chairman and up to 12 individuals. 4.-All Committees shall meet when summoned by the General Secretary and their recommendations shall be reported to Congress. If an Area is not represented on a Committee, that Area Group shall nominate one additional person for that Committee until the next election.

5.-Individual members must come from different countries or territories.

RULES 7,8

6.-No Committee member may take part in any meeting unless the subscription of the Member he belongs to is paid up for the current year. .

*NoTE.-In the first instance, the Council shall nominate a Veterans' Committee to be in office until the 1987 elections. RULE 9 Languages At all Congress Meetings each Member may speak in his own language. Simultaneous translations must be made in Arabic, German, Russian and Spanish, in addition to English and French. Simultaneous translation may be made from and into any additional language required, if possible, and if the cost of this can be met by or on behalf of the Member requesting the additional language. The Constitution and the Rules and Regulations, Minutes, Reports and other communications shall be in such languages as the Council shall decide. In all cases of any difference in the interpretation of any text the English version shall be accepted. RULE 10 Alterations to Rules

Constitutional Rules 1. (a) A proposal to amend a rule in Division 11 ("Constitution"), unless this is proposed by Council, must be submitted to the General Secretary by a Member, or by an Area Council or Area Congress, at least six months prior to the Congress at which it is to be considered. All proposals, including those proposed by Council, shall be sent by the General Secretary to Members at least fOUf months before the Congress. (b) To be accepted, any such proposals must obtain two-thirds of the votes cast, which two-thirds must also represent at least one-half of the aggregate voting power of all Members of the LA.A.F. (a special majority). (c) Any subsequent necessary alterations to the wording of statutes passed by Congress can only be made by the President (or a Council Member nominated by him for this purpose) or by the General Secretary, and this provided no material change to the decision of Congress is made.

RULES 8, 9, 10

Technical and Other Rules 2. (a) A proposal (unless this is proposed by Council) to amend any technical rule or other rule, Il}ust be submitted to the General Secretary at least six months prior to the Congress at which it is to be considered. (b) Amendments to the technical rules will normally only be considered by the Congress every four years, at the time of the World Championships. Urgent proposals for alterations to the technical rules may, however, be made at any time, and they must be discussed at, and confirmed by, the next Congress, even if they reach the General Secretary later than six months prior to the Congress. (c) A report, containing the recommendations of the Technical Committee, shall be circulated to all Members at least three months before each congress. (d) Where the Council has exercised its power under Rule 5.6(c) to amend a technical rule or any other rule as an urgent matter, such amendment must also be reported to and confirmed by the next Congress. (e) When an amendment to a technical rule is adopted by Congress, or is decided upon by Council as an urgent matter under Rule 5.6(c), a fixed date for the operation of the amendment must be stated, such date to allow adequate time for all Members to put it into operation simultaneously. This date shall normally be Ar;ril 1st of the following year. (j) Any subsequent necessary alterations to the wording' of technical rules passed by Congress can only be made by the Chairman of the Technical Committee (or by a member of the Technical Committee nominated by him for this purpose) or by the General Secretary, and this provided no material change to the decision of Congress is made. 3.-The alterations referred to in paragraphs 10.I(c) and 10.2(f) shall be pointed out, at the first opportunity, to Council and, if necessary, to Congress. 4.-The Handbook which incorporates changes made by Congress, must be published in English before the 31st December of that same year, and in French by 31st January of the following year.

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RULE 11 Suspensions and Other Sanctions I.-The Council shall have the following powers: (a) to suspend a member from membership until the next meeting of Congress or for any shorter period; RULES 10, 11 54

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(b) to suspend a Member from anyone or more types of

international meetings as defined in Rule 12.1 until the next meeting of Congress or for any shorter period; and (c) to caution or censure a Member; (d) to reinstate a Member who has been suspended by the Council in accordance with this Rule 11. 2.-The Council may only exercise its suspensive powers under 1. if:(a) a Member has failed to pay the appropriate subscription for the preceding year by 31st December of that year; (b) in the opinion of Council, the Member has infringed anyone or more of the Rules; (c) in the opinion of the Council, the Member has failed, upon written notice to it, within one month to take such sanction against . an individual athlete as the Council considers necessary. As the LA.A.F. carries out doping control on behalf of its Members at international meetings as set out in Rule 12.1, the Council may suspend a Member if the LA.A.F. has carried out its investigations in accordance with Rule 144 and recommended doping procedures, and has informed the Member in writing of the results of those investigations, but the Member has, in the Council's opinion, taken no sufficient action against an individual athlete, either for having himself taken forbidden substances or for having incited or assisted another athlete so to do. (d) in the opinion of Council, the LA.A.F. is better able to 11 achieve any of its objects by the suspension of a Member. 3.-Before the Council may exercise its suspensive powers under 1, the Member must have been sent notice in writing of the alleged infringement or failure under 2 (b) or (c), at least one month before the next Council meeting, at which the Member will be afforded a reasonable opportunity of being heard. 4.-A Member who considers that the Council has misdirected itself on its suspensive powers under this Rule must appeal, if at all, to the Arbitration Panel under Rule 19, unless the Congress is to meet within four months following the Council's decision. If this is the case, the Member must instead, if at all, set out in detail, in a written statement sent to the Chairman of the Arbitration Panel, all of the facts and matters which it wishes the Arbitration Panel to consider before reaching a decision; the three persons who would have been appointed by the Chairman as Arbitrators under the 55

RULE 11

provisions of Rule 19 shall meet before the said Congress, and the Chairman or one of the Arbitrators shall explain the Arbitrators' views to the Congress, before the proposal to suspend the Member is debated. 5.-The Congress shall have the following powers:(a) to suspend a Member from Membership for a fixed period, or until a specified set of circumstances changes or ceases to exist; (b) to suspend a Member from anyone or more types of international meetings as defined in Rule 12.1 for a fixed period or until a specified set of circumstances changes or ceases to exist; (e) to caution or censure a Member; and (d) to reinstate a Member who has been suspended under (a) or (b) above, before the end of the fixed period or before the set of circumstances specified has changed or ceased to exist. 6.-The Congress may only exercise its suspensive powers under 5, and may only reinstate a Member under 5 (d) if:(a) a proposal for such suspension or reinstatement, as the case may be, has been received by the General Secretary at least six months before the relevant Congress meeting (unless the Member is already suspended by the Council, or is suspended by the Council during those six months); and (h) either: (i) the proposal has been sent by the General Secretary to Members at least four months before the said Congress; or (ii) the Members have been informed at least four months before the said Congress of a Member's suspension by Council and of a Council proposal that the Member should be suspended by Congress; or (iii) the Members have been informed at least four months before the said Congress of a Council proposal that the Member should be reinstated; or (iv) the Members have been informed in writing, before the start of the Congress, that the Council has suspended a Member within the four months preceding the Congress and of a Council proposal that the Member should be suspended by Congress; and RULE 11

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(e) the proposal receives two-thirds of the votes of those present

and voting at the Congress, which two-thirds must also represent at least one-half of the aggregate voting power of all Members of the LA.A.F. (Le. a special majority). 7.-The Congress may only exercise its suspensive powers under 5 if:(a) a Member has failed to pay the subscription for the preceding year by 31st December of that year; or (h) in the opinion of Congress, the Member has infringed anyone or more of the Rules; or (e) in the opinion of Congress, the Member has failed upon written notice to it within one month to take such sanction against an individual athlete as the Congress considers necessary. As the LA.A.F. carries out doping control on behalf of its Members at international competitions as set out in Rule 12.1, the Congress may suspend a Member if the LA.A.F. has carried out its investigations in accordance with Rule 144 and the recommended doping procedures, and has informed the Member in writing of the results of those investigations, but the Member has, in the opinion of Congress, taken no sufficient action under the Member's own rules. (d) in the opinion of Congress, the LA.A.F. is better able to 11 achieve any of its objects by the suspension of a Member. 8.-Before the Congress may exercise its suspensive powers under 5, the Member must have been sent notice in writing of the alleged infringement or failure under 7 (b) or (c), at least one month before the Congress meeting, at which the Member will be afforded a reasonable opportunity of being heard. 9.-A Member who considers that the Congress has misdirected itself on its suspensive powers under this Rule, must appeal, if at all, to the Arbitration Panel under Rule 19. 1O.-A Member who has been suspended by the Congress under 5, may require, provided that notice in writing is received by the General Secretary at least six months before the next ensuing Congress, that a proposal for that Member's reinstatement be considered at the next said Congress meeting. 11.-A Member who has been suspended by the Congress under 5 (a) shall automatically cease to be suspended (a) at the end of the fixed period or (b) once, in the opinion of Council, the set of circumstances specified has changed or ceases to exist.

RULE 11

12.-As all Members have agreed to abide by this Rule, it is expressly agreed that a Member or alleged Member which institutes proceedings or refers any matter which must, if at all, be referred to the Panel (see paragraph 9) to anyCourt or Tribunal rather than to the Panel, shall have infringed this Rule and shall be liable to be suspended or otherwise sanctioned by Council or Congress.

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RULE 12 International Meetings - Competitors Competing Abroad Qualifications of Competitors I.-At the following International Meetings, the rules and regulations of the LA.A.F. must apply:(a) Olympic Games, World Championships and World Cups. (b) Continental, Regional or Area Championships or Cups open to all LA.A.F. Members in the Area or Region (Le. Championships over which the LA.A.F. has exclusive control, comprising only athletics events). (c) Group Games (Le. Area or Group Games at which competition in several sports is to take place, and over which therefore, the LA.A.F. has no exclusive control.) (d) Matches between two or more Members, or combination of Members. (e) International Invitation meetings specifically sanctioned by the LA.A.F. (See Rule 13.3 (b)). (f) International Invitation Meetings specifically sanctioned by an Area Group Association. (g) Other meetings specifically sanctioned by a Member so that foreign athletes may take part. 2.-AlI International Meetings or any meetings in which any foreign athlete takes part must be sanctioned by the LA.A.F. or by a Member. In order to obtain the sanction referred to in 12, 1 (e), a Member must apply on behalf of the meeting organiser to the LA.A.F. for a permit. (See Rule 13, 3 (b)). Before sanctioning any International Meeting under Rule 12, 1 (e), 1 (f) or 1 (g) above, the LA.A.F., Area Group Association or Member must obtain from the promoter an undertaking in writing:(a) that all LA.A.F. Rules and Regulations will be observed; (b) that in particular, the Rules relating to expenses will be strictly followed; RULES 11,12

not exceed the value of US $250 or its equivalent in the currency of the organising country. NOTE.-A prize is defined as an object which is neither cash nor marketable security. (d) that Âˇan account of all such expenses paid will be forwarded within 30 days to the Member sanctioning such a meeting, if requested by that Member. 3.-No athlete or club may take part in an athletic meeting in a foreign country without the written approval of his governing body, and no Member shall allow any foreign athlete to enter any competition without such permit certifying that he is eligible and permitted to compete in the country concerned. No athlete may have affiliation abroad, without previous authorisation from his original Federation. Even then, the Federation of the country in which the athlete is residing, cannot enter any athlete's name for meetings in another country without previous authorisation from the original Federation. 4.-In approving the participation of an athlete at an athletic meeting in a foreign country, the Member should specify the number of days for which the athlete and any accompanying manager or coach is permitted to receive expenses and the daily allowance as detailed in Rule 14 "Expenses", paragraphs 1 and 2. After the meeting, the Member may request an account of expenses paid. 5.-Any athlete competing in any foreign country (other than in international meetings as above defined) shall, in respect of that competition, be subject to the athletic laws of that country. 6.-All negotiations for the participation of an athlete in another country shall be carried on through the Members concerned and in no circumstances shall any invitation be extended directly or indirectly to an athlete by any individual, club, college, university or other organisation. . The only exception to the foregoing shall be where a Member shall authorise one of its member clubs to communicate with the club of another country concerning the participation of one or more of its athletes, and such authorisation shall be granted on the express condition that the Member concerned is kept informed as to the context of the communications. 7.-Where an athlete of any member country receives a scholarship from an institution in another country, then as a 59

RULE 12

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condition to and before the athlete's governing body shall grant the permission to compete referred to in Rule 12 (3), the President of the institution granting the scholarship shall first submit to the Member, in whose country the educational institution is located, full and detailed information of the nature and extent of the scholarship aid furnished to the athlete, for transmission to the Member for the athlete's country.

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8.-In International meetings under categories 1 (a) and 1 (b) of Rule 12, Members shall be represented only by citizens (by birth or naturalisation or registration) of the country which the Member represents, or by athletes otherwise acquiring cItIzenshIp by the procedure legally recognised in that country, except in the case of citizens of a colony, when they shall be eligible represent the mother country in any such meeting, if such colony IS not represented by membership of the LA.A.F. Having once represented any Member in a Meeting which comes within the categories defined in 1 (a) and 1 (b), no contestant may thereafter represent any other Member in such a meeting except in the following circumstances:(a) The incorporation of one country in another. (b) The creation of a new country ratified by Treaty. (c) The election to membership of the LA.A.F. of the national governing body of a colony not previously directly represented by a Member. (d) A change of citizenship of a woman by marriage. (e) Residence in a country for at least three years since the date when the athlete last represented another Member in a Meeting under Rule 12,1 (a) or (b), and, if there are legal provisions for acquiring citizenship of that country, compliance with such provisions. The period of residence may be reduced to one year, if the two Members concerned agree, and if the Council of the LA.A.F. approves. (f) Where an athlete holds, or is legally entitled to hold citizenship

o.f two or more cou!ltries, provided that it is at least three years SInce the athlete last represented the first Member in any competition under Rule 12, paragraphs 1 (a) and (b). 9.-Athletes from a National Federation or some other Athletics Organisation which is not an affiliated Member of the LA.A.F. may compete in any competition except for meetings listed under RULE 12 _. .

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paragraph 1 (a) and (b) of Rule 12 against athletes under the jurisdiction of a Member, provided:(a) that the Federation or Organisation concerned is not at that time suspended by the LA.A.F. or excluded from particular categories of competition; (b) that the athletes concerned are amateurs; (c) that the prior permission of the Council is given upon the application of the Member in the Country or territory where the competition is to take place, or of the Member wishing to send athletes to compete in a non-Member country or territory; (d) that where the competition is held in a non-Member country or territory, the member must obtain an undertaking from the organising body that in all other respects, the rules of the LA.A.F. will be observed. RULE 13 World, Area and Group ChampionshipsMeetings requiring an I.A.A.F. Permit I.-The LA.A.F. alone shall have the right to organise or sanction World, Area or Group Championships for Athletics. 2.-The LA.A.F. shall organise World Championships in Athletics in the third year of each Olympiad. 3 (a) Area or Group Championships or Games, Inter-Continental Matches; Meetings oj Five or more countries. Sanction of the LA.A.F. is required, unless the LA.A.F. Council decides otherwise, for all Area or Group Championships or Games, for Inter-Continental matches and for any other athletic meetings in which teams from five or more countries participate. The application for a permit must be made to the LA.A.F., accompanied by a fee of ÂŁ100 sterling (or its equivalent in other currencies) by the sponsoring Member for such sanction except for the Olympic Games. All application forms must be completed in detail and lodged at the headquarters of the LA.A.F. not later than twelve months prior to the date of the Championships or Games in question. Organising Committees must ensure that countries to whom invitations are sent are in membership of the LA.A.F. and any other country wishing to participate must apply to the LA.A.F. for membership, which must have been granted prior to their entry being accepted. Such applications must be received at least three months before the date of the opening of the promotion concerned. 61

RULES '2, 13

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The LA.A.F. shall not sanction any Continental, Regional or Area Championships without first having obtained an unqualified undertaking that the necessary permission for visiting athletes and officials to enter the country where the competition is to be held will be forthcoming sufficiently far ahead to enable them to travel and compete at the Championships. Should it subsequently transpire that these undertakings cannot be fulfilled, the Competition shall be transferred to another country which can fulfIl the guarantee. The LA.A.F. does not have control over Games included in Rule 12.1 (c). It shall not sanction such Games if the Council is satisfied that the Member, in whose country or territory the Games are to be held, has not taken all practicable measures to secure that the necessary permission for visiting athletes and officials to enter the country or territory will be forthcoming sufficiently far ahead to enable them to travel and compete at the Games in question. 3 (b) International Invitation Meetings Sanction of the LA.A.F. is required for International Invitation Meetings under Rule 12, 1 (e). The application for a permit must be made on the official form, accompanied by a fee of ÂŁ100 sterling or its equivalent in other currencies, by the Member concerned on behalf of the Meeting organisers. All application forms must be completed in detail and lodged at the LA.A.F. Headquarters not later than September 1st in the year prior to the meeting in question. NOTE.-Details of how to obtain sanction for a Meeting under 12, 1 (e) and of the conditions which must be met before sanction is given, are to be found in separate rules for LA.A.F. Invitation Meetings. These rules were approved by the 1982 Congress and are available from the LA.A.F. Bureau upon request. 4.-The LA.A.F. shall designate a representative to attend every meeting where sanction is required at the expense of the organisers, to ensure that the rules and regulations of the LA.A.F. are complied with. The travelling expenses of this representative shall be paid to him by the Organiser" not later than fourteen days prior to his departure to the venue. The choice of airline shall be left to the discretion of the representative and in cases involving flights over one thousand five hundred miles, first class return air travel shall be provided. Accommodation expenses shall also be paid by the Organisers not later than the final day of the championships or the

RULE 13

athletic section of the games. Such representative shall render his report to the LA.A.F. within thirty days thereafter. Assistance for Amateur Athletes NOTE.-Thefollowing Rules 14-17 are based on the principle that an athlete's health must not suffer, nor must he or she be placed at a social or material disadvantage as a result of his or her preparation for or participation in the sport of athletics. An athlete's national Federation shall control such material and financial assistance as may be reasonable and necessary to assure this.

RULE 14-"Expenses". RULE 15-"Provision of Equipment and Services". RULE 16- "Subventions to assist Athletes". RULE 17- Athletic Funds". H

RULE 14 Expenses I.-The following rules shall apply to expenses allowed to athletes competing in International Meetings under Rule 12 (1):These shall be limited to the daily allowance and to the actual outlay for transport, travel, insurance, meals, lodging and a subvention for hardship for the minimum time they are required to be absent from their normal residence. (a) Expenses payable in respect of Meetings under Rule 12 (1) (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f) and (g) shall be a matter for decision by the Member or Members concerned. 2.-The daily allowance for the out-of-pocket expenses to athletes must not exceed U.S. $10 or its equivalent in other currencies, payable for the minimum time they are required to be absent from their normal residence. A specially authorised per diem allowance of up to $50 or _its equivalent in local currency may be paid to participating athletes in International Invitation Meetings specifically sanctioned by the LA.A.F. Council (Rule 12, 1 (e)). 3.-(a) National governing bodies must strictly control all financial transactions. (b) The athlete's own national governing body may authorise the national governing body under whose jurisdiction he is for the time being competing to refund to the athlete travelling expenses as defined in paragraph 1. 63

RULES 13, 14

4.-Payment of expenses in respect of competition under Rule 12, paragraph 1 (e), <0 and (g) is limited to a total of 60 days in each calendar year.

RULE 15 Provision of Equipment and Services Athletes may accept assistance in the form of equipment and services required for training and competition, subject to the control of the national governing body. Such assistance may include the following items:(a) Sports equipment and clothing; When manufacturers are prepared to provide free issues of implements or personal equipment, distribution shall be controlled through the national governing body. . (b) Insurance cover for accidents, illness, disability and personal property; (c) Cost of medical treatment and physiotherapy; (d) Coaches and trainers authorised by the national governing body. If an athlete is authorised to avail himself of the services of a doctor for medical treatment or a masseur or coach, accounts should be submitted and payments made direct to the doctor, masseur or coach and not through the athlete; (e) Accommodation, Food, Transport, Education and Professional Training.

RULE 16 Subventions to Assist Athletes I.-Where a National Governing Body, after full investigation, considers it appropriate, it may provide, or arrange for the provision of a subvention to an athlete to assist him in the expenses incurred in training for or participation in any competition under Rule 12 (1), paragraphs (a) to (g). 2.-An athlete must Qot accept any subvention without the prior permission in writing of his National Governing Body. 3.-The Council of the LA.A.F. may request information from Members concerning the payments of any such subventions. RULES 14, 15, 16

RULE 17 Athletic Funds I.-Funds may be established for the benefit of athletes. Such "athletic funds" may include monies arising under Rule 53 (viii) or from other permitted sources. 2.-The funds must be held, controlled and administered by a Member Federation. The Member must establish regulations for the administration of the Funds, which must comply with the LA.A.F. Rules, particularly Rules 14-17, and with its own national, legal and administrative provisions. 3.-A copy of such regulations must be sent for registration to the General Secretary of the LA.A.F. within three months of the regulations becoming effective. 4. - The Funds may be applied in the provision of assistance to athletes in compliance with Rules 14, 15 and 16. 5.-1f monies in a fund established under this Rule are paid to an athlete or disbursed at his request, except under Rules 14, 15 and 16, the athlete concerned shall automatically cease to be eligible to compete at any level of competition. No reinstatement will be permitted once an athlete has become ineligible under this rule. Bye-Laws and Guidelines for Administration of Athletic Funds NOTE.- The detailed regulations for the administration of athletic funds will depend upon the laws and practice of each country. However the following guidelines should be followed. (a) In any contract for sponsorship, equipment, advertising or participation, or any other item for which athletic funds receive a benefit under Rule 53 (viii) only the Member may be a party to the contract with the advertiser or sponsor. (b) Any monies payable under the contract must be paid to the Member. The contract must not permit the advertiser or his agent to control the events in which the athlete participates. (c) At the time of establishing the Athletic Funds the following information should be made available:(i) detailed administrative arrangements (ii) acknowledgement of any obligations of the athlete(s)to the Member, sponsors, etc. (d) Where a contract entered into requires the use of an athlete's name, person or image for advertising purposes, the athlete's consent to the detailed arrangements must be obtained. (e) Payment of the Athletic Fund to athletes or their personal representatives is permitted in the following circumstances:65

RULE 17

(a) Voluntary retirement from competition. (b) Unavoidable retirement because of illness or injury. (c) Death prior to retirement from competition. (j) Athletes must not assign, charge or mortgage the Athletic Fund or in any way borrow against it.

RULE 18 Advertising within the Arena At International meetings within Categories 1(a), (b) and (c) of Rule 12, advertising within the arena enclosed by the running track or elsewhere where competition is taking place is not permitted. Manufacturers' labels or trade marks on equipment used within the competition arena must be limited to one mark on each piece of equipment and the height of the characters must not exceed 25 mm. At meetings within the above categories, however, where manufacturers have supplied electronic equipment for measuring or timekeeping', or for conveying information to the public, at the discretion of the Organising Committee, the manufacturer's name may appear in the arena on signs which do not exceed 200 cm x 40 cm. There is no objection to advertising material outside the stadium, or inside the stadium but outSide the competition area. Advertisements may also appear in programmes and on notices or posters of the meeting. Meeting organisers may also acknowledge the sponsors of meetings by official announcements made at the commencement of the meeting and immediately after the last event. RULE 19 Arbitration Panel Composition and Nomination: I.-The Panel shall consist of six persons. The members of the Panel shall be elected by Congress for a period of four years from the nominations approved by Council. 2.-Area Group Associations shall nominate not more than two people, who normally reside in their Area, these nominations to be received at least three months before the Congress at which the elections are to be held. A curriculum vitae must accompany each nomination. RULES 17, 18, 19 ------

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3.-Persons must be nominated on the basis of their legal training and experience, their ability, their impartiality, and their knowledge and experience of amateur athletics and/or amateur sport in general. 4.-A person may not be nominated if he:(i) is a member of the LA.A.F. Council or of an LA.A.F. Committee or is a member of the Council of an Area Group Association or (ii) sits as a delegate of his Member Federation at the Congress during the period of his election or (iii) cannot speak English or French 5.-AlI nominations must be considered by the Council on the basis of the requirements detailed in paragraph 3, before the Congress at which the election is to be held. Once elected the six Arbitrators shall nominate a Chairman for a period of 2 years from amongst their number. 6.-If, while a person is a member of the Panel, he should die or wishes to retire, the Council shall appoint a replacement until the next Congress meeting at which the elections are to be held. 7.-When in session, the Panel shall consist of three persons ("the Arbitrators") one of whom may be the Chairman nominated in paragraph 5, who shall sit on a rotational basis, except that a person shall not sit if he is a citizen of a country which is one of the parties to a dispute, or, where appropriate, comes from the country or territory in which the athlete's Member Federation is based.

Referral: 8.-The following matters shall be referred, if at all, to the Panel:(i) where a Member or alleged Member considers that the Congress has misdirected itself on its suspensive powers under Rule 11.5 (ii) where a Member or alleged Member considers that the Council has misdirected itself on its suspensive powers under Rule 11 (2) subject to the proviso set out in that rule (iii) where a Member or alleged Member, an Area Grour Association, the Council or Congress considers, as appropriate, that the Council or Congress has misdirected itself on their interpretation of any other rule 67

RULE 19

(iv) where a Member has imposed sanctions upon an athlete as a

Procedure: 9.-A matter shall be referred to the Panel under Rule 11 (9), if at all, within three months of the date upon which the decision complained of was made. 1O.-A matter shall be referred to the Panel by notice in writing to the General Secretary, together with a statement setting out in detail all of the facts and matters which the Area Group Association, Member or Athlete, or which the President, (on behalf of the Council or Congress), wishes the Arbitrators to consider before reaching a decision. The notice shall be accompanied by a nonrefundable deposit of ÂŁ250, except where a matter is referred by an athlete under Para. 8 (iv) or (v). 11.-The General Secretary must, within two weeks of receipt of the notice, inform all members of the Panel of the referral and will send to all members of the Panel copies of the statement and the names of the Arbitrators according to the rota. If one or more of the Arbitrators may not sit for the reasons set out in Paragraph 7, the Chairman shall nominate the next Arbitrator on the rota. 12.-The Chairman shall by notice in writing within two weeks of receipt of the notice from the General Secretary:(i) inform the LA.A.F. President and the relevant Member(s), and/or Area Group Association, and/or Athlete, as appropriate, of the names of the Arbitrators; (ii) inform them of a time, (which shall be not more than fourteen or less than twelve weeks thereafter), and of a place at which the Arbitrators will meet to discuss the matter referred, and to hear any argumehts which the relevant parties may wish to put forward; (iii) send a copy of the Statement enclosed with the Notice of referral to all of the other relevant parties who shall submit to

the Chairman (or to a Senior Arbitrator appointed by the Chairman) within four weeks, a detailed Statement in Response, setting out all the facts and matters which they in turn wish the Arbitrators to consider before they reach a decision. This Statement, or these Statements in Response shall be sent by the Chairman or by the Senior Arbitrator to the other two Arbitrators - the party which, or who, referred the matter to the Panel, and - the other relevant parties, within two weeks after receipt. B.-The Arbitrators shall have the power:(i) to extend the time within which a Statement in Response must be submitted; and/or (ii) to postpone for no more than three weeks the original date at which they were to have met to discuss the matter referred; and/or (iii) to change the place at which they were to have met to discuss the matter referred if, in their opinion, it would be just and fair so to do. 14.-Where a matter is referred by an athlete under Paragraph 8 (iv) or (v) the Arbitrators shall meet to discuss the matter referred in a place as convenient to the athlete as is, in their view, reasonable and practicable in all the circumstances. 15.-No formal procedure shall be followed at the meeting, but all of the relevant parties shall be given, in the opinion of the Arbitrators, a fair and reasonable opportunity to be heard. An athlete, where a matter is referred under Para. (iv) or (v), is entitled to be heard by legal Counsel. Other interested parties may be heard by legal Counsel if the Arbitrators so agree in advance in writing. No fact or matter may be raised at the meeting by any of the relevant parties which has not been set out in detail in the written Statement or in the Statement in Response, unless the Arbitrators consider that it would be fair and reasonable in all the circumstances for it so to be raised. 16.-The Arbitrators may call any other person or representative of any body to address them on any aspect of a matter referred to them. 17.-Having considered the written Statement and the Statements in Response, and having heard the relevant parties, and any other person called by the Arbitrators, at the meeting, the Arbitrators shall

result of the LA.A.F.s investigations upon matters arising under Rule 144- "Doping", and the athlete considers that the investigation was not carried out by the LA.A.F. in accordance with Rule 144 and the recommended doping procedures (v) where an athlete has been found by the LA.A.F. to have incited or assisted another athlete to take forbidden substances and that athlete considers that the investigations were not carried out in accordance with Rule 144 and the recommended doping procedures

RULE 19

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reach their decision and the Chairman or Senior Arbitrator shall communicate it to all the relevant parties and to the President and the General Secretary within two weeks after the meeting. The decision shall be final and binding upon all of the relevant parties, and upon all Members of the LA.A.F., provided the Congress approves. The Arbitrators shall not be obliged to give any reasons for their decisions. The decision shall have immediate effect and the fact of referral and the decision shall be set out in the next notice being sent by the General Secretary to all Members of the LA.A.F. 18.-The Arbitrators may, in their discretion, require one or more of the relevant parties to bear a part or all of the costs and incurred by another relevant party or parties, or by the Arbitrators, except that they shall not require an athlete where a costs of matter is referred under Paragraph 8 (iv) or (v) to bear any other relevant party. Normally the LA.A.F. will pay the Arbitrators' costs and of the LA.A.F. and/or Area Group disbur.ser.nents, .and AssociatIOns wIll bear theIr own costs and disbursements.

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RULE 19

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ELIGIBILITY AND AMATEUR STATUS RULE 51 Definition of Amateur An amateur is one who abides by the eligibility rules of the LA.A.F. RULE 52 Restriction of Competition to Amateurs Competition under LA.A.F. rules is restricted to amateur athletes who are under the jurisdiction of a Member, and who are eligible to compete under LA.A.F. rules. RULE 53 Ineligibility for International and Domestic Competition The following persons are ineligible to take part in competitions whether held under LA.A.F. rules or the domestic rules of the Member. Any person who:(i) has taken part in any athletic meeting in which any of the competitors in any of the events, were, to his knowledge, ineligible to compete under LA.A.F. Rules. This does not apply to any athletic meeting which is restricted to the Veteran age groups (40 years and over for men and 35 years and over for women); (ii) takes part in any athletic meeting which is not sanctioned, recognised or certified by the Member in the country in which the event is held; (Hi) is, and for so long as he remains, ineligible to compete in competitions under the jurisdiction of his national governing body; (iv) contravenes Rule 144 ("Doping"); (v) has competed in any sport or has taught, trained or coached in any sport for any pecuniary reward other than awards won in competitions approved by the LA.A.F. Council. The Council is empowered, however, to declare eligible any person who has received pecuniary rewards in a sport other than athletics, if it is satisfied that the practice of that sport is not of direct help for any athletic event. 71

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RULES 51, 52, 53

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NOTE.-Physical education teachers whose work is solely educational and who are not paid directly or indirectly for the coaching of athletes for competitions are eligible to compete as amateurs. (vi) has at any time been financially interested in any athletic meeting in whichÂˇ he was entered, except where his participation is the subject of a contract between his Federation and the Organiser of an LA.A.F. International Invitation Meeting (Rule 12, 1 (eÂť for which an agreed sum is paid to the National Federation; (vii) writes, lectures or broadcasts for payment upon any track or field event or competition without the prior permission in writing of his national governing body. This permission must be given only in the case of a person who is genuinely making a career in that particular activity; (viii) allows his name, picture or athletic performance to be used for advertising, except when this is connected with a contract for sponsorship or equipment entered into by his national governing body, and any resulting payment or benefit goes to the national governing body. The national governing body after deducting any percentage considered appropriate, can pay the remaining part of such sponsorship payment or benefit to an athletic fund (see Rule

(x) accepts directly or indirectly any money or other consideration for expenses or loss of earnings, other than what is permitted under Rules 14, 15 and 16; (xi) enters into a contract or agreement to compete as a professional athlete. (xii) who uses the services of a commercial agent, sponsor or manufacturer to plan, arrange or enter into negotiations on his . behalf in connection with his athletic programme.

RULE 54 Guarantee by National Governing Body In any competition under LA.A.F. Rules, the eligibility of an athlete competing shall be guaranteed by the governing body of the country to which the athlete belongs.

17).

NOTE.-It is permitted for an athlete to benefit from such contracts only within the limits laid down in Rules 15 and 16. (ix) while competing displays on his person any advertising material other than the accepted name of his club or organisation, or takes on to any arena or course any form of advertising material. This rule shall apply to clothing and travelling bags, but does not apply to articles not clearly visible, nor to competitors' number cards provided that Rule 142 para 5 is complied with; Where Members authorise contracts with commercial addition of lettering on number cards, sponsors for Members are recommended not to permit this lettering to exceed 150 mm x 25 mm and to ensure that the same style or number is issued to and worn by all competitors, and that such numbers are not cut or folded in any way. (See also Rule 139 para. 7). RULE 53

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RULES 53, 54

DIVISION III RULES for MEN'S AND WOMEN'S INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIONS RULE 101 All international competitions, as defined in Rule 1, shall be held underthe rules of the International Amateur Athletic Federation and this shall be stated in all announcements, advertisements, programmes and printed matter. The rules as laid down shall be applicable to men's and women's competitions. NOTE.-It is recommended that National Associations should adopt the rules of the I.A.A.F. for the conduct of their own athletic meetings. RULE 102 Age Groups Competitors are placed in age categories as follows: Junior Men: Any male athlete under the age of 20 years on the 31st December in the year of the competition. Junior Women: Any female athlete under the age of 19 years on the 31st December in the year of the competition. Veteran Men: Any male athlete of 40 years of age and over on the 31st December in the year of the competition. Veteran Women: Any female athlete of 35 years of age and over on the 31st December in the year of the competition. NOTE: Rules 103 and 104 are kept in reserve for any futureÂˇ additions to this section. SECTION 1 - OFFICIALS RULE 105 International Officials At competitions organised under Rule 12, paragraph 1 (a) and (b), the following officials should be appointed internationally:(Numbers in brackets indicate the suggested number of officials normally considered necessary). RULES 101, 102, 105

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RULE 106 The Duties of the Organisation Delegates The Organisation Delegates shall maintain close liaison with the Organising Committee at all times and report to. the LA.A.F. Council and they shall deal as necessary wIth questIOns concerning duties and financial responsibilities of the Organising Member and the Organising Committee. RULE 107 The of the Technical Delegates The Technical Delegates, in conjunction with the Organising Committee which body shall afford them all necessary help, are responsible' for ensuring that all the technical arrangements are in complete conformity with LA.A.F. Technical Rules. Details of the implements to be permitted and used should be published at least 2 years before the competition. The Technical Delegates shall submit to the appropriate body and proposals for the timetable of events and the entry shall determine the qualifying standards for the competItion proper, and the basis on which heats and qualifying rounds shall be made up. They shall ensure that the Technical Regulations are issued to all competing Members in good time before the competition (minimum 6 months for World Championships). 75

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(a) Organisation Delegates (if necessary) (2) (b) Technical Delegates (2) (6 to 8) (c) International Technical Officials (6 to 10) (d) International Walking Judges (e) Jury of Appeal (3 or 5) The selection of persons under (a), (b) and (e) is made by the LA.A.F. Council. The selection of persons under (c) is made by the Council from a list prepared by the Technical Committee. For Area Championships, these persons will be selected by the Area Association in question. The selection of persons under (d) is made by the Council from a .. . list prepared by the Walking Committee. The LA.A.F. Council shall approve cntena of selectIOn, qualification and duties of the above mentioned Member Federations shall have the right to suggest SUItably quahfied persons for selection.

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RULES 105, 106, 107

/ The Technical Delegates are responsible for all other technical preparations necessary for the holding of the athletic events. They shall control the entries and have the right to reject them for technical reasons. (Rejection for reasons other than technical must result from a ruling of the appropriate Council (LA.A.F. or Area). They shall arrange heats and qualifying rounds and the groups for the combined competitions. The Technical Delegates shall submit written reports as appropriate on the preparations for the competition. They shall co-operate with the Organisation Delegates. RULE 108 International Technical Officials The Technical Delegate shall assign one International Technical Official for every event on the programme. The International Technical Official shall provide all necessary support to the Chief Judge of the event. They must be present at all times when that event is in progress and should ensure that the conduct of the competition is in full conformity with LA.A.F. Competition Rules. They should not in any way interfere with the conduct of the event, but, if a problem arises, they should, in the first instance bring it to the attention of the Chief Judge of that event. At the conclusion of the event they shall also sign the result sheet. RULE 109 International Walking Judges At competitions organised under Rule 12, paragraph l(a) and (b) and the Race Walking World Cup, the Walking Committee shall in good time submit to the LA.A.F. Council for approval the names of the walking judges to officiate at the relevant meeting. For Continental Championships, a similar practice is recommended. NOTE: For specific duties for the Walking Judges see Rule 191 "Walking" paragraphs 2, 3 and 4. RULE 110 Jury of Appeal At all competitions organised under Rule 12, paragraphs 1 (a), (b) and (c), a Jury of Appeal which should normally consist of three or five persons, shall be appointed. RULES 107, 108, 109, 110

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Furthermore,.a Jury be set up meetings where the orgamsers deem It desltable or necessary m the mterest of the proper conduct of the co etitions. The primary functions of t e Jury shall be to deal with all protests under Rule 147, and with a matters arising during the course of the meeting which are referr to it for decision. Its decision shall be final. . While in general me.fubers of the Jury shall not intervene in the course of a meeting,1i-i they observe any matter which, in their opinion, requires cortection, they should discuss such matter with the responsible official and offer advice as to what should be done. Decisions involving points which are not covered by the Rules shall be reported subsequently by the President of the Jury to the General Secretary of the LA.A.F. See also Rule 147 - "Protests" NOTE: Rule 111 is kept in reserve for any future additions to the International Officials Section).

RULE 112 Officials of the Meeting The list laid down in this rule comprises those officials considered to be necessary for principal international meetings. The organisers are at liberty to vary this where local circumstances require. MANAGEMENT OFFICIALS

One Manager One Secretary One Technical Manager (Clerk of the Course) One or two Technical Delegates (to be appointed by the LA.A.F. or the Regional Association in question) JURY OF ApPEAL. COMPETITION OFFICIALS

One (or more) Referees for Track Events One (or more) Referees for Field Events One Referee for Running Events Outside the Stadium One Referee for Walking Events Four (or more) Judges for Track Events Four (or more) Judges for Field Events 77

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RULES 110, 112

RULE 115 The Technical Manager (Clerk of the Course) The Technical Manager shall act directly under the Manager of the Meeting and be responsible for seeing that the track, runways, circles, arcs, sectors and landing areas for fields events are properly laid out, also that all equipment is according to specification and readily available for approval by the appointed Referee, and that scoring, result and time recording cards are prepared. See also Rule 127.

Four (or more) Judges for Walking Events Four (or more) Umpires for Track Events Three (or more) Timekeepers One (or more) Starters One (or more) Recallers One (or more) Starter's Assistants or Marksmen One (or more) Lap Scorers One (or more) Recorders One (or more) Marshals One (or more) Wind Gauge Operators One Chief Photofinish Judge Two Assistant Photofinish Judges One (or more) Measurement Judges (Electronics)

RULE 114 The Secretary The Secretary shall be responsible for the calling of the meetings of the executive and other committees, and shall prepare all minutes relating thereto. He shall be in charge of all administrative arrangements, and shall receive and conduct all principal correspondence relating to the Meeting.

RULE 116 Referees l.-A separate Referee shall be appointed for track events, for field events and running and walking events outside the stadium. 2.-It shall be the responsibility of a Referee to ensure that the rules are observed and decide upon any technical points which arise during the Meeting, and for which provision has not been made in these rules. The Referee shall have jurisdiction to decide any placings in a race, only when Judges of the disputed place or places are unable to arrive at a decision. The Referee shall on no account act as a Judge or Umpire. See Rules 117 and 118 for the duties of Judges and Umpires. 3.-Referees shall allocate Judges to particular events if this has not been previously arranged, specifying the duty each should carry out (e.g. circle, take-off board etc.); announce to the Judges and ensure that the competitors are informed of the number of trials to be allowed under the rules even if this has been printed in the programme; supervise the measurements of performance; check the final results and deal with any disputed points. See also Rule 117 (1). 4.-The appropriate Referee shall decide on the ground any protest or objection as to the conduct of the competition. The Referee shall have the power to warn or exclude any competitor for improper conduct from the corresponding competition. Warnings may be indicated to the athlete by showing a yellow card, exclusion by showing a red one. Warnings and exclusions shall be entered on the competition card. 5.-If in the opinion of the Referee circumstances arise at any meeting such that justice demands that any event should be contested again, he shall have power to declare the event void and it shall be held again, either on the same day or on some future

ADDITIONAL OFFICIALS

One (or more) Announcers One Official Surveyor One (or more) Doctors Stewards for Competitors, Officials and Press. Referees and Chief Judges should be indicated by a distinctive armband or badge. If deemed necessary, assistants may be appointed. Care should however be taken to keep the arena as free from officials as possible. Where women's events are held, there shall be appointed a woman doctor when possible. RULE 113 The Manager The Manager shall have charge of the Meeting and be responsible for all proper carrying out of the programme.. He shall see that all officials have reported for duty and when necessary shall appoint substitutes, and in co-operation with the appointed Marshal, arrange that only authorised persons are allowed in the centre of the arena.

RULES 112, 113, 114

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RULES 115, 116

occasion, as he shall, in his absolute discretion decide. See also Rule 141 (1). 6.-The Referee shall have power to change the place of the competition in any field event, if in his opinion the conditions justify a change. Such a change shall be made only after a round is completed. 7.-Upon completion of each event the result card shall be immediately filled in, signed by the Referee and handed to the Recorder. See also Rule 124. RULE 117 Judges

General l.-Subject to the rules laid down by the National Association and, except in the case of the Olympic Games and World Championships, the organisers of the meeting shall appoint the Judges for the various events. The Referee shall allocate the duties among the Judges. Track Events, and Road Events finishing on the Track. 2.-The Judges, who must all operate from the same side of the track, shall decide the order in which the competitors finish and, in any case where they cannot arrive at a decision, shall refer the matter to the Referee, who shall decide. NOTE 1. - The Judges should be placed at least five metres from, and in line with, the finish and in order that they may have a good view of the finish line, an elevated stand should be provided. 2.-A photofinish apparatus should be available for use whenever possible as an aid to the Referees and Judges. (See Rule 120). 3.-See also Rule 120 paragraph 3 for duties of HChief Photofinish Judge". Field Events 3.-The Judges shall judge, measure and record each valid trial of the competitors in all events in which the result is determined by height or distance. In the high jump and pole vault, precise measurements should be made when the bar is raised, particularly if records are being attempted. At least two Judges should keep a record of all trials, checking.their recordings at the end of each round. The appropriate Judge shall indicate the validity or non-validity of a trial by raising a white or red flag as the case may be. 4.-When electronic measuring devices are used for distance throws, one or more Measurement Judges (Electronics) shall be nominated. 80 RULES 116, 117

RULE 118 Umpires (Track Events) I.-Umpires are assistants to the Referee, without power to give decisions. 2.-It shall be the duty of an Umpire to stand at such point as the Referee may determine to watch the competition closely and, in the case of a foul or violation of the rules by a competitor or other person, to make an immediate written report of the incident to the Referee. 3.-Any such breach of the rules should be indicated by the raising of a flag. 4.-A sufficient number of Umpires should also be appointed to undertake the duties of supervision in relay races at the take-over points. NOTE.- When an Umpire observes that a runner has run in a different lane from his own, or that a relay changeover has taken place outside the takeover zone, he should immediately mark on the track with suitable material where the infringement took place. RULE 119 Timekeepers I.-Two methods of timekeeping shall be recognised as official:hand timing (Rule 119) and fully automatic electrical timing (Rule 120).

Hand timing: 2.-Hand times shall be taken by timekeepers using either stopwatches or manually operated electronic timers with digital readouts. All such timing devices are included in the word "watches" throughout this rule. 3.-Three official timekeepers (one of whom shall be the Chief Timekeeper) and one or two additional timekeepers shall time the winner of every event. The times recorded by the additional Timekeepers' watches shall not be considered unless one or more of the official Timekeepers' watches fails to record the time properly, in which case the additional Timekeepers shall be called upon, in such order as has been decided previously, so that in all the races three watches should have recorded the official winning time. Whenever possible, times for all finishers, lap times in races of 800 m and over and times at every 1000 m in races of 3000 m and over, shall be recorded, either by additional Timekeepers or by first place Timekeepers using watches capable of taking more than one time. 81 RULES 118, 119

4.-Each Timekeeper shall act independently and without showing his watch to, or discussing his time with, any other person, enter his time on the printed form and, after signing the form, hand it to the Chief Timekeeper who may examine the watches to verify the reported times. 5.-The Chief Timekeeper shall then decide what is the official time for each competitor, applying as necessary the provisions of this rule and provide the result for publication. 6.-In the event of two of the three official watches agreeing and the third disagreeing, the time shown by the two shall be the official time. If all three watches disagree, the middle time shall be official. Should only two times be available, and if they disagree, the longer time shall be official. 7.-For all hand-timed races on the track times shall be returned to 1/1Oth second. The times for races partly or entirely outside the stadium shall be converted to the next, longer full second, Le. for the Marathon 2h.09:44.3 shall be returned as 2h.09:45. If the hand of the watch stops between two lines indicating the time, the longer time shall be accepted. If a 1/100th second watch or an electronic manually operated digital timer, is used, all times not'ending in zero in the second decimal shall be rounded to the next longer 1/1Oth second, Le. 10.11 shall be read as 10.2. 8.-The time shall be taken from the flash/smoke of the pistol or approved starting apparatus to the moment at which any part of the body of the competitor (Le. torso, as distinguished from the head, neck, arms, legs, hands or feet) reaches the perpendicular plane of the nearer edge of the finish line. 9.-The Timekeepers shall be in line with the finish and outside the track. Wherever possible, they should be placed at least five metres from the outside lane of the track. In order that they may all have a good view of the finish line, an elevated stand should be provided. RULE 120 Photo-Finish Judges

Fully Automatic Electrical Timing: I.-Fully automatic electrical timing must utilise equipment which is started automatically and which records the fmish time automatically. All other timing devices and procedures shall either be considered hand times or shall be unacceptable: 2.-Fully automatic timing equipment must be approved by the 11 National Association of the country where the competition is held. It

RULES 119, 120

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must be started automatically from the Starter's pistol, or any similar apparatus, so that the overall delay between the report from the muzzle and the start of the timing system is constant and less than 1 millisecond. The finish must be recorded through a camera, with a vertical slit, positioned in the extension of the finish line, on a continuous film by a photo-finish procedure. The film must also be synchronised with a uniformly marked time-scale graduated in 1I100ths of a second. The times and' places should be read from the film with a special device guaranteeing perpendicularity between the time-scale and the reading line. The time should be read to the next longer 1/I00th of a second. 3.-The Chief Photo-finish Judge shall be responsible for the functioning of the timing device. In conjunction with his two Assistants, he shall determine the places of the competitors and their respective times. 4.-If possible, there should be at least two photofinish cameras in action, one from each side. NOTES: I.-Where two or more photofinish cameras are used, one should be designated as official by the Technical Delegate before the start of the meeting. The times and places from the other camera(s) should not be considered unless there is reason to doubt the accuracy of the official camera or if there is need to use the supplementary photos to resolve uncertainties in the finishing order (runners wholly or partially obscured on the official photo). 2. - Where any possibility exists offailure ofthe timing device, hand times should be taken by back-up timekeepers. 5.-Fully automatic electric times shall be regarded as official unless, for any reason the Chief Photo-Finish Judge decides that they obviously must be inaccurate. If such is the case, the times of the backup Timekeepers shall be official. 6.-Fully automatic timekeeping equipment shall be used at all meetings under Rule 12 paragraph l(a) and, wherever possible, (b) and (c). 7.-For all races up to and including 10,000 m, the time shall be read from the photo-finish picture in 1I100th second and shall be recorded in 1I100th second. For all races on the track longer than W,OOO m, the time shall be read in 1/100th second and shall be converted to the next longer 1110th second and recorded in 1/IOth, Le. for 20 km, 59:26.32 shall be recorded as 59:26.4. For all races partly or entirely outside the stadium the time shall be read in 1/1OOth second and shall be converted to the next longer whole second, Le. for Marathon, 2h. 09:44.32 shall be recorded as 2h.09:45. 83

RULE 120

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8.-A timing device which operates automatically at either the start or the finish, but not at both, shall be considered to produce neither hand nor fully automatic times and shall not therefore be used to obtain official times. NOTE.-See also Rule 148 for World Records and Rule 195, paragraph 6 (b), for Heptathlon and Decathlon events. RULE 121 The Starter and Recallers I.-The Starter shall have entire control of the competitors on their marks and shall be the sole judge of any fact connected with the start of the race, except that as provided in (4) below. The Starter shall ascertain that the Timekeepers and Judges are ready. 2.-ln all races started in lanes, the Starter should use a microphone to relay his commands to loudspeakers for the runner in each lane. Where such a device is not used, the Starter shall so place himself that the distance between him and each of the competitors is approximately the same. Where, however, the Starter cannot place himself in such a position, the pistol or approved apparatus should be placed there and discharged by electric contact. See also Rule 162 "The Start and Finish". 3.-During the races one or more Recallers shall be provided in order to assist the Starter. NOTE.-For events of200 m, 400 m, 400 m Hurdles, 4 x lOO m, 4 x 200 m and 4 x 400 m Relays, there shall be at least two Recallers. 11 4.-The Recaller(s) shall assist in the supervision of the regularity of the start. In case of any start which does not comply with the requirements for a correct start, he shall give the sign of a recall by firing a pistol. A sign of recall can also be given by the Starter. See also Rule 162, Paragraph 8. 5.-Each Recaller shall place himself so that he may see equally each competitor assigned to him. 6.-The warning and disqualification included in Rule 162 may be applied only by the Starter. RULE 122 Starter's Assistants I.-The Starter's Assistants shall check that the competitors are competing in the correct heat. or race and that their numbers are worn properly, one on the breast and one on the back. Stations in events at all distances shall be numbered from left to right, facing the direction of running.

RULES 120, 121, 122

2.-They must place each competitor in his correct lane or station, assembling the competitors on an assembly line three metres behind the starting line (in the case of races started in echelon, similarly behind each starting line). When this has been completed, they shall signal to the Starter that all is ready. When a fresh start is ordered the Starter's Assistants shall assemble the competitors again. 3.-The Starter's Assistants shall be responsible for the readiness of batons for the first runners in a relay race. 4.-When the Starter has ordered the competitors to their marks, the Starter's Assistants must see that no competitor places either fingers, hands or feet on the starting line or in front of it. If any difficulty arises they must signal immediately to the Starter. See also Rule 162 "The Start and the Finish ". RULE 123 Lap Scorers I.-A Lap Scorer shall keep a record of the laps covered by each competitor in races from 1500 to 5000 metres. For races exceeding 5000 metres and for events a number of Lap Scorers under the direction of the Referee shall be appointed and provided with lap scoring cards on which they shall record the times over each lap (as given to them by an Official Timekeeper) of the competitors for whom they are responsible. No Lap Scorer should record for more than four competitors (six in the case of Walking events). 2.-A Special Lap Scorer shall be appointed to notify to each competitor the number of laps which he still has to complete. He shall notify the final lap by the ringing of a bell or otherwise. RULE 124 The Recorder The Recorder shall collect the result of each event, togetherÂˇ with the times or heights or distances, which shall be furnished to him by the Referee, the Chief Timekeeper or Chief Photo-Finish Judge, as well as the information provided by the Wind Gauge operator. He shall as soon as possible communicate the information to the Announcer and, after recording the placings, times, heights or distances, he shall hand the official result together with all cards to the Manager of the meeting. See Rule 116, (7) and Rule 126.

RULES 122, 123, 124

RULE 125 The Marshal The Marshal shall have full charge of the arena and shall not allow any persons other than the officials and competitors assembled to compete, to enter and remain therein. He shall control his assistants and assign to them their duties. He shall arrange for an enclosure to be provided for officials when not on duty. RULE 126 The Announcer The Announcer shall give out to the public the names and numbers of the competitors taking part in each event, and all relevant information such as the composition of the heats, lanes or stations drawn, and intermediate times. The result (placings, times, heights and distances) of each event should be announced at the earliest possible moment after receipt of the information from the Recorder.

See also Rule 124. RULE 127 The Official Surveyor The Track and distances which are to be contested, as well as the circles, arcs, sectors and other measurements relating to the Field events, shall have been measured in advance by an official surveyor. He shall furnish to the Technical Manager and the Referees before the Meeting, certificates as to correctness. See Rule 145. NOTE.- The Official Surveyor must be given the opportunity to acquaint himself with the relevant documents of the stadium.

SECTION 11 - GENERAL RULE 138 Entries I.-Competitions under LA.A.F. Rules are restricted to amateurs in accordance with the LA.A.F. Rules relating to the eligibility of athletes to compete. See Rules 51-54. 2.-No competitor shall be allowed to compete outside his own country unless his amateur status is guaranteed in writing by the National Federation of his country, and he has permission from such body to compete. In all international competitions, such guarantee of the amateur status of an athlete shall be accepted as conclusive, for the time being, of the athlete's eligibility to compete; any objection as to his status shall be referred to the LA.A.F.

Women's Events 3.-For all meetings under Rule 12, 1 (a), (b) and (c), the Organising Committee shall appoint a panel of three medical doctors. Every entry for Women's events must be accompanied by a certificate issued under the provisions of Rule 138 (4) or by a photostat copy thereof, or the competitor will be required to appear before the Medical Panel appointed to act at the meeting concerned. 4.-When an athlete has appeared before such a Medical Panel and had been declared eligible to compete in Women's events, the Panel shall forward to the LA.A.F. the name of this athlete for inclusion on a Central Register. Upon request from the Member, the LA.A.F. will issue a certificate in respect of any athlete whose name appears on the Register.

Failure to participate

RULE 128 The Wind Gauge Operator The wind gauge operator shall ensure that the gauge is erected in accordance with Rule 149. He s.hall ascertain the velocity of the wind in the running direction in appropriate events and shall then record and sign the results obtained and communicate them to the Recorder.

5.-At all meetings under Rule 12, 1 (a), (b) and (c), it is recommended that a competitor be excluded from participation in further events, including relays, in cases where: (1) a final confirmation was given that the athlete would start in an event but then he or she failed to participate without giving a valid reason, so that it was not practicable to delete that name officially from the list of starters for that event; (2) he or she qualified in preliminaries or heats for further participation in an event but then did not compete further without giving a valid reason.

NOTE.-Rules 129-137 are kept in reserve for any future additions.

NOTE:-A fIXed time for the final confirmation of starters should be published in advance.

RULES 125, 126, 127, 128

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RULE 138

RULE 139 Clothing, Shoes and Numbers

Clothing I.-In all events competitors must wear clothing which is clean, designed and worn so as not to be objectionable. The clothing must be made of a material which is non-transparent even if wet. The competitors must not wear clothing which could impede the decision of the judges. At all meetings under Rule 12, 1 (a) to (d), competitors shall participate in the uniform clothing officially approved by the National Federation. The Victory Ceremony is considered part of the competition for this purpose. Shoes and Spikes 2.-Competitors may compete in bare feet or with footwear on one or both feet. The purpose of shoes for competition is to give protection and stability to the feet and a firm grip on the ground. Such shoes, however, must not be constructed so as to give the competitor any additional assistance, and no spring or device of any kind may be incorporated in the shoes. A shoe strap over the instep is permitted. At all meetings under Rule 12, paragraphs 1 (a) and (b), the relevant team official must inform the Organising Committee on the final declaration form about the make of competition shoe to be worn by the athlete(s) in question. No athlete will be permitted to change the make of his shoe for the duration of that meeting. Number of Spikes 3.-The sole and the heel of the shoes may have spikes. The number of spikes is limited to a maximum of six in the sole proper and two in the heel, with the exception of the High Jump and the Javelin Throw, where a maximum of four spikes in the heel is permitted. NOTE.-Provisions may be made on the sole and the heels for changing the position of the' spikes, always provided that the maximum number is not exceeded.

When a competitIon is conducted on an all-weather synthetic track, the part of each spike which projects from the sole or the heel must not exceed 9 millimetres with the exception of the High Jump and the Javelin Throw, where the part of each spike which projects from the sole or the heel must not exceed 12 millimetres.

The Sole and the Heel 5.-The sole and/or the heel may also have grooves, ridges, indentations or protuberances, provided that any ridges or protuberances are constructed of the same or similar material to the basic sole itself. Such ridges or protuberances are to be regarded as part of the sole, the total thickness of which must not exceed 13 millimetres. The thickness of the heel, including any ridges or protuberances, must not exceed that of the sole by more than 6 millimetres except in walking events, where shoes may be worn of which the thickness of the heel exceeds that of the sole by not more than 13 millimetres. To protect the heel from the jar of impact in long jumping and triple jumping, the competitor may increase the thickness of the heel itself, or include a pad inside the shoe so that the total thickness of heel and pad in an uncompressed state, does not exceed 25 millimetres. Inserts and Additions to the Shoe 6.-Competitors may not use any appliance, either inside or outside the shoe, which will have the effect of increasing the thickness of the shoe above the permitted maximum, or which can give the wearer any advantage which he would not obtain from the type of shoe described in the previous paragraphs.

Length of Spikes 4.-The part of each spike which projects from the sole or the heel must not exceed 25 millimetres in length or 4 millimetres in diameter.

Numbers 7.-Every competitor must be provided with two numbers to be worn visibly on the breast and back. The numbers must correspond with the number in tile programme. If track suits are worn in the competition, numbers must be worn on the track suit in a similar manner. In the pole vault and high jump, the competitors may wear one number on the back or front only. Where photo-finish equipment is in operation, the meeting organisers may require competitors to wear additional numbers of an adhesive type on the side of their shorts. No competitor shall be allowed to take part in any competition without the appropriate number or numbers.

RULE 139

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RULE 139

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The name of a sponsor may appear on a competitor's number only when authorised by the Member organising or sanctioning the meeting. The size shall not exceed approximately 150 mm x 25 mm and the same style of number shall be issued to all competitors taking part. RULE 140 The Competition - General I.-No performance accomplished by an athlete will be valid unless it has been accomplished during an official competition, the athletes using only equipment authorised by the rules of the LA.A.F. For all competitions held in the stadium, mixed events between male and female participants shall not be permitted (See also Rule 148, paragraph 7). 2.-ln matches arranged between Members, the number of trials in the jumping and throwing events may be reduced as desired; any such arrangements should be made prior to the meeting.

Simultaneous Entries 3.-1f a competitor is entered in both a track and field event, or in more than one field event taking place simultaneously, the judges may allow the competitor to take his trials in an order different from that decided upon prior to the start of the competition.

RULE 141 The Competition - Running and Walking Events

Obstruction on the Track l.-Any competitor jostling, running or walking across or obstructing another competitor so as to impede his progress shall be liable to disqualification. If in any race a competitor is disqualified for any of these reasons, the Referee shall have the power to order the race to be re-held excluding the disqualified competitor or, in the case of a heat, to permit any competitors affected by the act resulting in disqualification (other than the disqualified competitor), to compete in a subsequent round of the race.

it i\

Running in Lanes ,3.-ln all races run in lanes, each competitor shall keep his allotted lane from start to finish. This shall also apply to any portion of a race run in lanes. a competitor is pushed or forced by another person to run outside his lane, and if no material advantage is gained, the competitor should not be disqualified. However, if the Referee is satisfied, on the report of a Judge or Umpire or otherwise, that a competitor has run outside his lane without being directly forced to do so by another person, he shall be disqualified.

Scoring 4.-ln a match where the result is to be determined by the scoring of points, the method of scoring will, unless otherwise agreed by all the competing countries before the meeting, be as follows: (a) Where there are two teams with two competitors in each event: 5, 3, 2, 1. (b) Where there are three teams with two competitors in each event, or two teams with three competitors in each event, or six teams with one competitor in each event: 7, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. (c) In relay races with two teams: 5, 2. In relay races with three teams: 7, 4, 2. In relay races with six teams: 7, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1.

Absence during Competition 4.-A competitor, after voluntarily leaving the track or course shall not be allowed to continue in the race. In road races, and in track walking events of 20 km or more, a competitor may leave the road or track with the permission and under the control of a judge, provided that by going off course he does not lessen the distance to be covered.

NOTE.- The scoring system set out above is based on the number of athletes (or teams in relay races) entitled to compete in each event, and will not be changed if the number actually competing in any event is smaller.

Rounds and Heats 6.-Preliminary rounds (heats) shall be held in track events in which the number of competitors is too large to allow the competition to be conducted satisfactorily in a single round (final).

RULES 139,140

Check-Marks 5.-Except in the case of relay races run in lanes, See Rule 166(3), competitors may not make check-marks or place objects on or alongside the running track for their assistance.

RULE 141

7.-The heats and qualifying competitions shall be arranged by the Committee conducting the Meeting together with the appointed Technical Delegates where appropriate. The representatives of each nation shall be placed as far as possible in different heats, which shall be so arranged that not less than six competitors shall qualify for the final. NOTE.-When heats are being arranged it is recommended that as much information as possible about the performances of all competitors should be considered and the heats so drawn that, normally, the best performers will reach the final. 8.-In any competition where there are more competitors than can be placed in the first row, the draw for stations shall be by nations, when one competitor from each nation shall be placed in the order of the draw. Additional starters from any nation shall then be placed behind, in the same order. 9.-A competitor shall not be allowed to compete in a heat other than the one in which his name appears, except in circumstances which, in the opinion of the Referee, justify an alteration. 1O.-ln all preliminary rounds, at least the first and second in each heat shall qualify for the next round and it is recommended that, where possible, at least three in each heat should qualify. Any other competitors to qualify for the next round shall be decided either according to their placings or according to their times. Where any competitors are to qualify by times, the order in which the heats are run shall be decided by draw after these rounds have been made up. ll.-For events between lOOm to 800m inclusive, and relays up to 4 x 4OOm, where there are several successive rounds of a race, lanes will be drawn as follows:(a) In the first round, each competitor will draw for lane order. (b) For the following rounds, two draws will be made:- one for the athletes or teams with the four best times to decide on placings in lanes 3, 4, 5 and 6. - the other for athletes or teams with the four slowest times, who will draw for lanes J, 2, 7 and 8. NOTE:- When there are less than 8 lanes, the above system with the necessary modifications should be followed. _(See also Rule 166, paragraph 5). 12.-The following minimum times must be allowed, when between the last heat of any round and the first heat of a c.' subsequent round or final: RULE 141

- - - - - - - -.. - - - - - - - - - -

Up to 200 metres Over 200 metres to 1000 metres Over 1000 metres

45 minutes 90 minutes Not on the same day

RULE 142 The Competition - Field Events

Obstruction I.-If, for any reason a competitor is hampered in a trial the Referee shall have the power to award him a substitute trial. See also Rule 116, (5). Absence during Competition 2.-In field events or Decathlon or Heptathlon field events, with the permission of and accompanied by a judge, a competitor may leave the immediate area of the event during the progress of the competition. Trials Recorded 3.-No competitor is allowed to have more than one trial recorded in anyone round of the competition. Delay 4.-A competitor in a field event who unreasonably delays making a trial renders himself liable to have that trial disallowed and recorded as a fault. It is a matter for the Referee to decide, having regard to all the circumstances, what is an unreasonable delay. For a second delay at any time during the competition, he shall be debarred from taking any further trials but any performance. accomplished up to that time shall stand. The official responsible shall indicate to the competitor that all is ready for the trial to begin, and the period allowed for this trial shall commence from that moment. .. If the time allowed elapses once the competitor has started his trial, that trial should not be disallowed. - The following tImes, which must not 'be regarded as should not normally be exceeded: (a) In the case of the High Jump, Long Jump, Triple Jump, Shot, Discus, Hammer and Javelin, 1 Y2 minutes; and (b) In the case of the Pole Vault 2 minutes. The time shall begin '--'Yhen the uprights have been Qrevious wishes of the competitor (See Rule 172, paragraph 7). NOTE.-If the competitor wishes to make further adjustments to the uprights he should do so during his 2 minute time limit. 93

JWLE 141, 142

'".-

(c)

In the final stages of competition in the High Jump and Pole Vault (but not in combined events), when only 2 or 3 competitors continue in the competition, the time for the start of the next trial in the High Jump should be 3 minutes and the Pole Vault 4 minutes. If there is only one competitor left, the time for the next trial in the High Jump should be 5 minutes and the Pole Vault 6 minutes.

Place of Competition 5. -The Referee shall have the authority to change the place of the competition if, in his opinion the conditions justify it. Such a change shall be made only after a round has been completed. Qualifying Competition 6.-In any field event, a qualifying competition must be held if necessary, to decide who shall compete in the competition proper. Performances accomplished shall not be considered part of the competition proper. The qualifying conditions shall be arranged by the Committee conducting the meeting together with the appointed Technical Delegates where appropriate. Competing order. 7.-The competitors shall compete in the order drawn by lot and, where possible, their names shall be placed in the programme in the order drawn. In a qualifying competition, apart from the High Jump and Pole Vault, each competitor shall be allowed three trials. A competitor, once having achieved the qualifying standard shall not be allowed to continue in the qualifying competition. At the end of the qualifying competition, the order for competing in the competition proper shall be determined by a fresh drawing by lot. NOTE.-In major competitions where there are enough competitors to warrant it, it is recommended that the qualifying competition be divided into two or more groups. Unless there are facilities for the two groups to compete at the same time and under similar conditions, the second group should start the competition immediately the first group has finished. .. RULE 143 Assistance to Athletes Indication of Intermediate Times I.-Intermediate times and preliminary winning times may be officially announced and/or displayed. Otherwise such times must RULES 142, 143

not be communicated to the athletes by persons in the competition area without the prior approval of the Referee. Giving Assistance, Advice or Information 2.-Except as provided in Rules 165 and 191 (Road Races and Walking events) no competitor shall receive any assistance during the progress of an event. "Assistance" means direct help conveyed by any means including any technical device. "Assistance" also includes paci.ng in running events by persons not participating in the race, by lapped competitors or by any kind of technical device. Any athlete receiving advice or assistance must be cautioned by the Referee and warned that for any repetition, he will be debarred from further participation in the competition. Any performance accomplished up to that time will stand. ...Any cO_Illpetitor lapped or about to be lapped by Jhe leading ]unner(s) or walker(s) in a race shall not be allowed to act pacemaker. Wind Information 3.-A wind sock should be positioned near the take-off ground in all jumping events, to show the athlete the approximate direction and strength of the wind.

lvj

RULE 144 Doping v I.-Doping is strictly forbidden. 2.-Doping is the use by, or distribution to, an athlete of certain substances which could have the effect of improving artificially the athelete's physical and/or mental condition and so augmenting his athletic performance. 3.-Doping substances, for the purpose of this rule, comprise the following groups:(a) Psychomotor stimulant drugs: amphetamine methylphenidate benzphetamine norpseudo ephedrine caffeine * cocaine diethylpropion pemoline dimethylamphetamine phendimetrazine ethylamphetamine phenmetrazine fencamfamin phentermine fenproporex pipradol methylamphetamine prolintane and chemically or pharmacologically related compounds. *Quantitative analysis 95

U-

.(;o....,..,v - . "-

RULES 143, 144

tu?'

(b)

Sympathomimetic amines: ephedrine methoxyphenamine methylephedrine and chemically or pharmacologically related compounds.

(c)

Miscellaneous central nervous system stimulants: e.g. amiphenasole nikethamide bemigride strychnine leptazol micoren and chemically or pharmacologically related compounds.

(d)

Narcotic Analgesics: e.g. .:morphine pethidine heroin dextromoramide methadone dipipanone and chemically or pharmacologically related compounds. NOTE:-Codeine is permitted for therapeutic uses (for treatment of a disorder). (e)

Anabolic Steroids: e.g. clostebol nandrolone ethyloestrenol oxandrolone fluoxymesterone oxymetholone methandienone stanolone methenolone stanozolol methandriol testosterone * and its esters methyltestosterone and chemically or pharmacologically related compounds. *Quantitative analysis

This list is not necessarily comprehensive. Cases of doubt as to other substances which may be regarded as doping substances shall be referred to the Medical Committee for decision. Before any penalties are imposed under this rule, the actual doping substances must be identified. 4.-Doping controls conducted under LA.A.F. Doping Control Regulations shall take place at LA.A.F. meetings under Rule 12, l(a), (b) and (e) and wherever possible l(c). In addition, doping controls shall be held if ordered by the LA.A.F., or by the Area or National governing body responsible for organising or sanctioning the meeting. . k I'-r Z {2. i '.' . ./:._ :.[;... J; { r /I'd. Doping controls shall He carried out u'nder the supervision of a Doping Committee for tll;e meeting. At meetings held under Rule 12, ,; 96 RULE 144

!I e

paragraph l(a), (b) and (c), this Committee must be composed internationally with representatives from at least two countries, and it must be composed in such a way that the interests of all Members remain protected. At meetings under Rule 12, paragraph l(a) and (b), this Doping Committee shall include:(1) The Medical Delegate (Chairman) - appointed by the LA.A.F. Medical Committee. (2) A member or representative of the LA.A.F. Medical Committee. (3) A qualified medical officer of the Organising country. At meetings under Rule 12.1 (c), (d), (e), (f) and (g), the Technical Delegate or LA.A.F. Representative may also act as the Medical Delegate, and it is not compulsory at these meetings to have a member or representative of the LA.A.F. Medical Committee. Before the event, the criteria for selecting the athletes to be controlled shall be determined by the Doping Committee. This should be either on a final position basis and/or a random basis, but not by selection of named individuals. The total number of athletes tested may depend on the capacity of the Laboratory. Additional controls may be ordered after the event at the discretion of the Doping Committee. 5.-An athlete who takes part in a competition must, if so requested in writing by the responsible official, submit to a doping control to do so will result in disqualification from the e<mrpetttion and the athlete will be deemed to have rendered himself ineligible for competition as if a positive result had been obtained. He shall be reported to the LA.A.F. and his/her National governing body by the Doping Committee Chairman. 6.-To facilitate the analysis, any form of medication administered by any route within two days of the start of the competi!i0n Qf event, must be declared on the Doping Control . 7.-A competitor found to have a doping substance and/or a metabolite of a doping substance present in his urine at an athletics meeting shall be disqualified from the competition and the -case reported to the LA.A.F. and his national governing body. (See Rule 53, (iv)). Likewise, any person assisting or inciting others to use doping substances shall be considered as having committeed an offence against LA.A.F. Rules, and thus exposes himself to disciplinary action. Any offences under this rule arising from competition at a national level shall be reported by the national governing body to the LA.A.F.

RULE 144

--------------------------------------------- -----------------------

8.-The procedure guidelines for the conduct of tests, including the collection of urine samples, the method of analysis and the use of accredited laboratories, shall be determined by the Medical Committee of the LA.A.F. Copies of the current recommended procedure shall be supplied on request by the LA.A.F. to responsi?le Organising bodies for the information and guidance of Dopmg Committees, athletes and officials. RULE 145 Measurements and Weights I.-All measurements must be made with a certified steel or fibreglass metric tape or bar and all implements must be weighed on a governmentally approved balance. 2.-In measuring the distances of throwing, putting and jumping events, the part of the tape recording the distance achieved be held by an official at the take-off point, the circle or scratch lme. Distances shall always be recorded to the nearest O.Olm below the distance covered, Le., fractions less than O.Olm must be ignored, except that in the case of the discus, hammer and javelin throws, distances shall be recorded in even O.02m units (e.g. 62.44m, 62.46m, etc.) to the nearest unit below. In the High Jump and Pole Vault, all measurements shall be made perpendicularly from the ground to the lowest part of the upper side of the bar.

NOTE.-For measurements for World Records for allfield events, see Rule 148 para. 9(a).

3.-A scientific measuring apparatus, the accuracy of which is approved by the Governmental Weights and Measures department of the country where the events are held, may also be used for the measurement of jumps and throws. 4.-In events over roads, the course shall be measured along the ideal line of running or walking, Le. the shortest possible path, in the section of the road permitted for the runners or walkers. In all meetings under Rule 12, paragraph l(a), (b) and (c), the course must not measure less than the official distance for the event, and the variation in the measurements. must not exceed O.lltJo (Le. 42 metres for the Marathon. See also Rules 165 (Road Running) and 191 (Walking).

2. - The actual measurement of the distance will determine the start and finish points. Each kilometre is to be denoted by marking on the road side. On an asphalt surface, this point should be denoted in white, where possible, with the number of the kilometre. In the official measurement document, each notable, invariable point (house, street corner, cross roads, sign etc) is to be described with its distance from the start. .

RULE 146 Ties Ties shall be decided as follows:

Track Events 1.- In the event of a tie in any heat which affects the qualification of competitors to compete in the next round or final, where practicable, the tying competitors shall both qualify, failing which they shall compete again. In case of a tie for first place in any final, the Refereee is empowered to decide whether it is practicable to arrange for the competitors so tying to compete again. If he decides it is not, the result will stand. Ties in other placings shall remain.

Field Events 2.-In jumping or vaulting for height: (a) The competitor with the lowest number of jumps at the height at which the tie occurs shall be awarded the higher place.

NOTE I.-For measuring .road courses, a calibrated wheel of normal diameter which indicates the number of revolutions on a revolution counter is recommended. When measuring, this wheel

failures throughout the competition up to and including the height last cleared shall be awarded the higher place.

RULES 144, 145

should not travel faster than 5km per hour. The revolution counter must be checked before being used. This checking is best done by measuring with a steel or fibre glass tape a flat distance of 1000m paved in asphalt. The wheel is then taken along this measured distance of 1000m, once in each direction. The exact distance of the course may then be determined. For the purpose of verification by the technical Delegate or Chief. Technical Official appointed by the Federation, the calibrated wheel must be available on the day of the competition.

_ _. -

-----

- - - - -

(b) If the tie still remains, the competitor with the lowest total of

RULES 145, 146

Example -

High Jump (1)

3.-In those field events where the result is determined b distance, the second best performance of the competitors tying shall decide the tie. Then, if necessary, the third best, and so on. If the tie still remains and concerns first place, the competitors having achieved the same results will compete again in the same order in a new attempt until the tie is decided.

'" Q)

.,;

1.78m 1.82m 1.85m 1.88m I.9Om I.92m I.94m

A B

0 0 0

C D

"ii-._-;" "\

i .f

"'!

XXO XXX XO XXO XXX 0 XXO XXO XXX XXO XXO XO XXX

X-

o = Cleared.

XO X-

0 0

X = Failed.

E-u.

0..

4 4 5 5

2= 2= 4 I

= Did not jump.

A B C and 0 all cleared 1.92 metres and failed at 1.94 metres. rule regarding ties comes into operation, and.as "0" 1.92 metres at his second attempt, the others takmg th{ee, he IS declared the winner. The other three will tie and the Judges add up the total number of failures up to and including the height last cleared, Le. 1.92 metres. "C,,' has more failures than "A" or "B", and is therefore awarded fourth place. "A" and "B" still tie and as this does not concern first place, they share second place. (e) If the tie still remains: .. (i) If it concerns the first place, the competItors tymg. shall one more jump at the lowest height at which any of those m the tie failed and if no decision is reached, the bar shall be raIsed or lowered to the heights previously announced by the Chief Judge of r the event at th,e beginningeithe ptlFOgI'fJph=4h lhey shall then t one jump at each heIght u?tII the tie is decided. Competitor 0 . mg must jump on each occaSIOn when deciding the tie. (See example.>if. :?l (ii) If it any other ?l.ace, the be awarded the same place in the competItIon. (See example 2). J 1 Jump (2)

Heights announced by the Chief Judge at the beginning of the competition:1.75; 1.8Om; 1.83m; 1.86m; 1.88m; 1.9Om; 1.92m; ... '" Corn petitor

Count back of failures Total Jump off 1.75m I.8Om I.83rn I.86m i,88rn 1.9Om Failures I.88m l.86m I.88rn

XO XO XO

A B

= Cleared.

....

RULEJ47

'\.--/

XO XXX XO XXX XO XXX

Failed. 100

2 2 3

X X

0 0

0..

I 3

- - Did not jump.

RULE 147 Protests I.-Protests concerning the status of an athlete to participate in a meeting must be made, prior to the commencement of such meeting, to the Jury of Appeal, or, if no Jury has been appointed, to the Referee. If the matter cannot be settled satisfactorily prior to the meeting, the athlete shall be allowed to compete' 'under protest" and the matter be referred to the Council of the LA.A.F. 2.-Protests relating to matters which develop during the carrying through of the programme should be made at once, and not later than thirty minutes after the result has been officially announced. The Organisers of the meeting shall be responsible for ensuring that the time of the announcement of all results is recorded. 3.-Any protest shall in the first instance, be made orally to the Referee by the athlete himself or by someone acting on his behalf. To . ilable arrive at a fair decision, the Referee should evidence which he thinks necessary, including a f I! 96''' cture produced by an official video tape recorder. The Refe m. aecide on the protest or may refer the matter to the Jury. If the Referee makes a decision, there shall be a right of appeal to the Jury. 4.-Anapplication to the Jury of Appeal must be in writing, signed by a responsible official on behalf of the athlete and must be accompanied by a deposit of $10.00 or its equivalent before the appeal is heard. The deposit will be forfeited if the protest is considered to be frivolous. To arrive at a fair decision, the Jury of Appeal shall consult all other available evidence and interview all those whom they consider necessary. RULE 148 World Records I.-When a World Record is set by an athlete or by a team, the LA.A.F. Member in the country where the record performance was made shall collect together, without delay, all the information 101

RULE 146, 147, 148

required for the ratification of the record by the LA.A.F. (See World Record forms paRes 177 to 180). . The Member should immediately inform the LA.A.F. of Its intention to submit the performance. 2.-Each athlete who achieves a World Record must to a doping control, at the end of the event, in accordance with the LA.A.F. Rules currently in force. In the case of a Relay record, all members of the team must be tested. The result of this test shall be presented by the laboratory to the LA.A.F. to be added to the other information required by the LA.A.F. for the ratification of the record. 3.-The official application form of the LA.A.F. completed and despatched by air mail to the LA.A.F. Bureau wlthm thirty days. . If the application concerns a foreign athlete or a team, a to. the duplicate of the form shall be sent within the same National Association of the athlete or ot: the team m questIOn. Application may be made only on behalf of an athlete or athletes who are under the jurisdiction of a Member of the LA.A.F. 4.-The National Association of the country where the record was set shall send, with the official application form: (a) The printed programme of the meeting; . . ., (b) The complete results of the event in question, mcludmg m the case of a field event, the complete result sheet. (c) The photofinish photograph in .the of a .track where fully automatic electncal tImekeepmg was m operation; . 5.-However, for the competitions referred to Rule 12, paragraph 1 (a) the above fonnalities need not be carned out. 6.-The following conditions shall apply to all World Records:(a) The record must be made out of doors and must not have been made on a wooden surface. (b) The record must be made in a bona fide competition which has been duly arranged, advertised and authorised before the day by the I.A.A.F. Member where the event place. The competition with the name of the competitors printed taking part, must have been mentioned in r\,/C-o..-i programme of the meeting. At least three competitors must .,. . participate in the event. (c) The record be better than or equal to the eXIstmg World that event, as accepted by the LA.A.F.

102

(d) Records made in heats or qualifying competitions, in

deciding ties and in individual events in combined events competitions may be submitted for ratification. 7.-ln the case of Women's records, unless the athlete's name appears on the LA.A.F. register (See Rule 138, paragraph 4), an application must be accompanied by a medical certificate as to sex, drawn up by a qualified medical doctor recognised by the National Association of the athlete (athletes) for whom the record is claimed. No performance set by an athlete will be recognised if it has been accomplished during a mixed competition. 8.-(0) Running and Walking records may be made only on a track which is not banked and will be recognised only if the track has a raised border as specified in Rule 161 (1) or, in the case of a grass track, only if it is marked and flagged in accordance with the above Rule. (b) A race must be stated to be over one distance only and all competitors shall compete at that distance. However, a race based on the distance covered over a given time (see Rule 162, paragraph 13) may be combined with a race over a fixed distance (for example, 1 Hour and 20 Km). It is permissible for the same athlete to accomplish in the same race any number of records. It is permitted for several athletes to accomplish different records in the same race. However, it is not permissible for an athlete to be credited with a record at a shorter distance if he did not finish the full distance for which the race had been fixed. (c) Running and Walking records must be timed by official timekeepers as provided in Rule 119 (and accepted by the National Association as such), or by an approved fully automatic electrical timekeeping device (See Rule 120). For races up to and including 400 metres, only performances timed by an approved fully automatic electrical timing device shall be accepted. (d) For any record at any distance of 200 metres or more to be recognised, the track on which it was made must not exceed 440 yards and the race must have started on some part of the perimeter. This limitation does not apply to the Steeplechase events where the Water Jump is placed outside a normal 400 metres track. (e) The record must be made on a track of which the radius of the outside lane does not exceed 60 metres.

103

RULE

NOTE.- Where the bend is formed with two different radii, this limitation does not apply to the larger radius at the crown of the bend, provided that this section of the bend does not account for more than 60 0 of the 180 0 turn.

(f) For all records up to and including 200 metres, information concerning wind speed, measured as indicated in Rule 149, must be submitted. If the wind velocity measured in the direction of running behind the competitor averages more than 2 metres per second, the record will not be accepted. (g) In a race run in lanes, no record will be accepted where the runner has run on or inside the inner curved border of his lane. (h) A relay record may be made only by a team all of whose members are citizens of a single Member country. Citizenship may be obtained in any of the ways referred to in Rule 12, paragraph 8. A colony which is not in separate Membership of the LA.A.F. shall be deemed, for the purpose of this Rule, to be part of its Mother Country. (i) The time set up by the first runner in a relay team may not be submitted as a record. 9.-For Walking records:(a) at least one judge from the LA.A.F. Panel of International Judges shall be officiating during the competition and shall sign the application form. (b) the track must be oval from 350 metres minimum to 500 metres maximum, with 2 curves and 2 straights from 60 metres minimum to 120 maximum. 1O.-(a) Records in field events must be measured by 3 Field Judges with a certified steel tape, graduated in centimetres, or by a scientific apparatus approved by the governmental Weights and Measures Department of the country where the event is held. Measurements for world records in field events must be made and submitted in metres to the nearest 0.01 metre below, except that in the case of the Discus, Javelin and Hammer throws, the distance shall be recorded in even 0.02 metre units to the nearest unit below (e.g. 62.44m, 62.46m etc). (b) In field events, a performance may be submitted for ratification if it took place during an event where a handicap was combined with the scratch competition. (c) In the Long Jump and Triple Jump, information concerning wind speed, measured as indicated in Rule 149, must be submitted. If the wind velocity measured in the direction of jumping behind the competitor averages more than 2 metres per second, the record will not be accepted.

RULE 148

104

11. -When a record is claimed for the Heptathlon or Decathlon, the conditions imposed for recognising records in individual events must have been compiled within the 7 or 10 events. However a record will be recognised even though the wind speed exceeded 2 metres per second (see paragraphs 7 (f) and 9 (c) provided it was not more than 4 metres per second. l2.-The President and the General Secretary of the LA.A.F. together are authorised to recognise world records. If they are in any doubt whether or not the record should be accepted, the case shall be referred to the Council for decision. The LA.A.F. will inform the member applying for a World Record, as well as the athlete's National and Area Associations, where these are not the same, that the record has been ratified. If the record is not ratified, the reasons why the record was not accepted will be supplied. 13.-The LA.A.F. Bureau shall keep lists of World Records and Olympic Records. These lists shall be revised once a year and a copy forwarded to each Member of the LA.A.F. 14.-Members of the LA.A.F. shall keep a list of the National Records of their own country. Copies of this list shall be forwarded to the LA.A.F. Bureau in January each year. NOTES.-

I.-The official World Record Plaques, as designed by the I.A.A.F. for presentation to World Record holders, will be supplied by the I.A.A.F. 2.-Refer to Rule 381 regarding events for which World Records are recognised. 3.-Continental Associations must apply all the conditions laid down in this rule for the ratification of their own Continental Records. 4. -It is recommended that National Federations adopt similar rules to the above for the recognition of their own National records. RULE 149 Wind Measurement The periods for which the wind velocity shall be measured from the flash of the pistol or approved apparatus are as follows:-

Seconds

100 metres 100 metres Hurdles 110 metres Hurdles

13 13 105

RULE 148, 149

In 200 metres run on a curve, the wind velocity shall be measured for a period of 10 seconds, commencing as the runners enter the straight. In the Long Jump and Triple Jump, it shall be measured for a period of 5 seconds from the time a competitor passes a mark placed alongside the runway, in the case of the Long Jump - 40 metres, and in the case of the Triple Jump - 35 metres, from the take-off board; or if a competitor runs less than 40 metres or 35 metres as the case may be, from the time he commences his run. When the wind speed is taken into consideration, the wind measuring instrument shall be set up half-way along the straight and for the jumps, 20 metres from the take-off board. The instrument shall not be more than 2 metres away from the track or runway and shall be approximately 1.22 metres high. RULE 150 Official Implements I.-In all international competitions, the implements used must comply with the specifications for official implements set out in Rules 161-186. 2.-All such implements shall be provided by the organisers of the meeting. No competitor is allowed to use any other implements, with the exception of vaulting poles and starting blocks, in which case they may use their own, provided these comply with the conditions laid down in the rules. See also Rule 162 (Starting Blocks) and Rule 172 (Vaulting Poles).

SECTION III - RUNNING EVENTS RULE 161 Track and Lanes 1.- The length of the running track should not be less than 400 metres. The track should be not less than 7.32 metres in width and if possible be bordered on the inside with a kerb of concrete or other suitable material, approximately 50mm in height minimum 50mm in ' NOTE.-The kerb may be raised to permit surface water to drain away, in which case a maximum height of 65mm must not be exceeded. Where it is not possible for the inner edge of the running track to a raised border, the inner edge shall be marked with lines 50mm In WIdth. Where it is a grass track it shall also be flagged at intervals of 5 Fla?s must be so placed on the line as to prevent any competItor runnIng on the line, and they shall be placed at an angle of 60. degrees with the ground away from the track. Flags approxImately 0.25 metres by 0.2 metres in size mounted on a staff of 0.45 metres long are the most suitable for the purpose. . 2.-The measurement shall be taken 0.3Om outward from the border of the track or, where no border exists, 0.2Om from the hne marking the inside of the track. I measurement I

(

F:::::::

:. )

i (

(

line for all other lanes

alrlines white

50 mm wide - - - .: - L -

of race

to-

L a.2Om ,

- -- "'-r--' a.30m .........:;\<:. .... :

RULE 151 Video Recording In competitions held under Rule 12, paragraph 1 (a) and (b), it is recommended that an official video recording of all events is used as a support document, in which accuracy of performances and violation of the rules are recorded.

inner edge kerb 50 mm wide 1_

measurement line for inner lane

In measuring the track, two independent measurements must be made, which may not differ from each other by more than 0.0003 x L + 0.01 metres, where "L" is the length of the track in metres. NOTE.- This formula gives a highest permitted difference between two measurings for: 100m

O.04m

400m

O.13m

3.-In all races up to and including 400m, each competitor shall have a separate lane, with a minimum width of 1.22 metres and a maxi.mum width of 1.25 metres to be marked by lines SOmm in width. The Inner lane shall be measured as stated in paragraph 2 above, but RULES 149, 150 151 ---------

106

107

RULE 161

the remaining lanes shall be measured 0.20m from the outer edges of the lines. NOTES.- The line on the right hand only of each lane shall be included in the measurement of the width of each lane. See Rule 141, paragraphs 2 and 3 "Running In Lanes".

4.-The direction of running shall be left-hand inside. 5.-ln international meetings the track should allow for at least six lanes, and where possible, should allow for eight lanes, particularly for major international events. 6.-The maximum allowance for lateral inclination of tracks should not exceed 1:100 and the overall inclination in the running direction shall not exceed 1: 1000 downwards. NOTE.-It is strongly recommended that in the case of all new ';

tracks, the lateral inclination should be towards the inside lane. 800 metres event 7.-ln competitions held under Rule 12, 1 (a), (b) and (c), the 800 metres event shall be run in lanes as far as the end of the first bend, the maximum number of available lanes being used. The starts shall be so staggered that the distance from start to finish shall be the same for each competitor.

NOTE.-In international matches, countries may reach agreement not to use lanes. SETTING OUT STARTS FOR 800 METRES WHERE THE FIRST CURVE IS RUN IN LANES

C OJOm

O.3Om

A FINISH LINE

A'.A".AJ,A"."-.A-. STARTS IN RESPECTIVE LANES C POINT AT WHICH TANGENT FROM Y MEETS JO METRE UHE IN INSIDE LANE 8' .8".8"8",858-, POINTS OF DENOUEMENT FROM LANES

HOT TO SCALE

RULE 161

108

As the runners are permitted to leave their respective lanes on entering the back straight, the starting positions must take into consideration two factors. First, the normal echelon allowance which would be applicable were the race to be of 200m starting at the same point on the track; secondly, an adjustment to the starting point in each lane to compensate for the runners in the outside lane having farther to go to reach the inside position on the track at the end of the back straight than those in the inside lanes. The following method of arriving at the starting position in each lane is recommended. (a) Mark B I in the inside lane at the point of entry into the back straight 0.3Om from the inside kerb. (b) Fix point Y, which is the point in the outer lane in prolongation of the line A B' 0.20m from the inner line in the lane. Fix point C, which is the point on the path of the runner, namely 0.3Om from the inside kerb at which the back straight ends and the bend begins. (d) With radius CBI describe an arc across the track B' X. This line must be flagged at each end with a flag set on a post at least 1.5Om high on each side of the track and with a line 0.05m wide across the track. This indicates to the runners that they may leave their lanes at this stage. For lanes 2 to 6 this point can be determined by the intersection of B 1 X and the path of the runner, which is 0.20 metres from the line marking the inside of his lane. (e) The correct adjustment to the starting positions can now be determined in the following way. (c)

The normal starting position in each lane for a 200 metre race must be advanced by the distance the points of denouement from the lanes, viz B 2 B'B 4 B 5 B 6 are in advance of the line B' Y. An indication of the distance by which the normal starting position in each lane must be advanced can be seen from the following calculations, where each lane is the standard width of 1.22 metres and the straight is 80 metres long: Lane Lane Lane Lane

1 2 3 4

+ + + +

Lane 5 + 0.145m Lane 6 + O.224m Lane 7 + 0.325m Lane 8 + O.444m

zero 0.007m 0.034m 0.079m 109

RULE 161

---_._------

SETTING OUT STARTS AND CHANGE OVER AREAS FOR 4 x 200 METRES AND 4 x 400 METRES RELAY. WHERE ONE LAP PLUS ONE COMPLETE CURVE IS RUN IN LANES

S.-In the 4 x 200 metre and 4 x 400 metre Relays, the first full lap shall be covered in lanes. The second runner in the 4 x 400 relay and the third runner in the 4 x 200m relay shall keep in his lane until entry to the back straight. The distance from start to finish shall be measured in such a way that the competing teams shall all run the same distance of 4 x 200m or 4 x 4OOm. The following method should therefore be adopted to determine the echelon starting positions for the first runner in each team: Inside lane S I identical with A I â&#x20AC;˘ Lane 2 S2 = A 2 plus normal stagger for 400 metres. Lane 3 SI = A plus normal stagger for 400 metres Lane 4 S4 = A 4 plus normal stagger for 400 metres NOTE.- The

positions A 2, AÂˇ1 , A 4, etc allow for the 200 metres stagger, plus the compensatory adjustments as set out in the Table shown in para. 7(e). 9.-The central line of the first take-over zone can be determined

....

;11;

... .'". '"'

...... ...

........

............. c U t e ....

...

c'Ut'Cu

by advancing the normal starting stagger in each lane for a 200 metre race by the distance the points of denouement from the lanes, viz, are in advance of the line B1y. The take-over zone will be within two lines set out 10 metres either side of this central line in each lane. 10.-The take-over zones for the second and last take-overs (4 x 400 metres) will be the normal 10 metre lines either side of the start/finish line AA. 11.-The arc across the track at the entry to the back straight showing the positions at which the second stage runners (4 x 400m) and third stage runners (4 x 200m) are permitted to leave their respective lanes, shall be identical to the arc for the SOO metres event, described in Para. 7 (d). RULE 162 The Start and Finish I.-The start and the finish of a race shall be denoted by a line O.05m in width at right angles to the inner edge of the track. The distance of the race shall be measured from the edge of the starting line further from the finish, to the edge of the finish line nearer to the start.

RULE 161

110

111

RULES 161, 162

Curved Start - Method of Setting out In all races not run in lanes the starting line shall be curved, so that wherever it occurs on the track, all the runners start the same distance from the finish. 6 lanes of 1.22m Assembly line

:-t

3 metre",

BB' + B' F' + C' F' AF'" 0 0' + 0' F' lEE' + E' F' F F'

cc'

1 l

FP is the tangent from the position of the runner in the outside lane to the estimated path of the runner in the inside lane (O.30m from inner edge of track)

r, 2.-AlI races shall be started by the actual report of a pistol or any similar apparatus fired upwards into the air, but not before all competitors are quite still on their marks. . . 3.-At all international meetings, the words of the i':1 his own tongue shall in races up to and including 400 metres (mcludmg 4 t", and x 200m and 4 x 400 metres), be' '0n your mar k" s, "Se when all competitors are "Set", the pistol shall be fired. In races be "On your marks" and longer than 400 metres, the words when all competitors are steadY, the pistol shall be fired. 4.-If for any reason the Starter is not satisfied that all is ready for the start to proceed after the competitors are on the,ir he shall order all competitors to stand up and the Starter s aSSistants shall place them on the assembly line again. RULE 162

112

In all races up to and including 400m, where a crouch start must be used, both hands must be in contact with the ground when the competitor is in the "Set" position. A competitor must not touch either the start line or the ground in front of it with his hands or his feet when on his marks. 5.-0n the command "On your marks" or "Set" as the case may be all competitors shall at once and without delay assume their full and final set position. Failure to comply with this command after a reasonable time shall constitute a false start. If a competitor after the command "On your marks" disturbs the other competitors in the race through sound or otherwise, it may be considered a false start. 6.-If a competitor leaves his marks with hand or foot after the words "On your marks" or "Set" as the case may be (See Paragraph 3 above), and before the actual report of the pistol it shall be considered a false start. 7.-Any competitor making a false start must be warned. If a competitor is responsible for two false starts or three in the case of the Heptathlon or Decathlon, he shall be disqualified. 8.-The Starter or any Recaller, who is of the opinion that the start was not a fair one, shall recall the competitors by firing a pistol. NOTE.-In practice, when one or more competitors makes a false start, others are inclined to follow and, strictly speaking, any competitor who does so follow has also made a false start. The Starter should warn only such competitor or competitors who, in his opinion, were responsible for the false start. This may result in more than one competitor being warned. If the unfair start is not due to any competitor, no warnings shall be given.

Starting Blocks 9.-Starting blocks must be used for all races up to and including 400 metres (including the first leg of the 4 x 200m and 4 x 400m) and must not be used for any other race. When in position on the track, no part of the starting block must overlap the starting line or extend beyond the lane for that athlete. Starting blocks must comply with the following general specifications:(i) Starting blocks must be entirely rigid in construction and must give no unfair advantage to the athlete. 113

RULE 162

(ii) They must be fixed to the track by a number of pins or

spikes, arranged to cause the minimum possible damage to the track. The arrangement must permit the starting blocks to be quickly and easily removed. The number, thickness and length of pins or spikes depends on the track construction.

1 I.-Finish Posts. Two white posts shall denote the extremities of the finish line and shall be placed at least 30 centimetres from the edge of the track.

anchorage must permit no movement during the

!he finish posts shall be of rigid construction of about l.4m in heIght, 80mm in width and 20mm in thickness.

(iii) When an athlete uses his own starting blocks, they shall comply with paragraphs (i) and (ii) above. They may be of any design or construction, provided that they do not interfere with other athletes.

12.-The competitors shall be placed in the order in which any part of their bodies (i.e. "torso" as distinguished from the head, neck, arms, legs, hands or feet) reaches the vertical plane of the nearer edge of the finish line as defined above.

NOTE.- The

actual start.

The Finish

(iv) When starting blocks are provided by the Organisers, they shall, in addition comply with the following specifications:The starting blocks shall consist of two foot plates, against which the athlete's feet are pressed in the starting position. The foot plates shall be mounted on a rigid frame, which shall in no way obstruct the athlete's feet as they leave the blocks. The foot plates shall be sloped to suit the starting position of the athlete, and may be flat or slightly curved Le. concave. The surface of the foot plates shall be prepared to accommodate the spikes in the athlete's shoes, either by using slots or recesses in the face of the foot plate, or by covering the surface of the foot plate with suitable material permitting the use of spiked shoes. The mounting of the foot plates on a rigid frame may be adjustable, but it must allow no movement during the actual start. In all cases, the foot plates shall be adjustable forward or backward in relation to each other. The adjustments must be secured by firm clamps or locking mechanism, which can be easily and quickly operated by the athlete. (v) Starting blocks may be fitted with approved false start detection apparatus for the assistance of Starters. 1O.-In competitions heldÂˇ under Rule 12, paragraph l(a), (b), (c) and (d), competitors must. use starting blocks provided by the organisers of the meeting. In all other competitions, except those held on all-weather tracks, competitors may use their own blocks. On all-weather tracks, the organisers may insist that only starting blocks provided by them may be used. RULE 162

114

any race decided on the basis of the distance covered in a penod of time, the Starter shall fire the pistol exactly one mmute the the race to warn competitors and judges tha.t the. race IS neanng ItS end. The Starter shall be directed by the ChIef TImekeeper, and at exactly the appropriate time after the start he shall signal the end of the race by again firing the pistol. At th; the pistol is fired to signal the end of the race, the Judges for that purpose shall mark theÂˇ exact spot where each c?mpetItor touched the track for the last time before or sImultaneously with the firing of the pistol. The distance achieved measured to the nearest metre behind the rear edge of the last shall footprmt of the competitor. One Judge at least must be assigned to each .competit?r before the start of the race for the purpose of markmg the dIstance achieved.

NOTE.-Refer also to Rules 121 and 122 for the duties of the Starter, Recallers and Starter's Assistants.

RULE 163 Hurdle Races

I.-Distances. The following are the standard distances: MEN

WOMEN

110, 400 metres

100, 400 metres

There shall be ten flights of hurdles in each lane, set out in accordance with the following table: 115

RULES 162, 163

MEN

Distance of race

Height of Hurdle

metres 110

metres 1.067 0.914

400

EXAMPLE OF APPROVED HURDLE (110m H.)

Distance from start line to first hurdle

Distance between hurdles

Distance from last hurdle to finish line

metres

13.72

9.14

metres 14.02

cยง

,- .,

1200mm (max)

(min)

E E o "o

WOMEN

....I

o:t

Distance of race

Height of Hurdle

metres 100 400

metres 0.840 0.762

>< )('

Distance from start line to first hurdle

metres 13 45

Distance between hurdles

Distance from last hurdle to finish line

metres 8.5 35

metres 10.5

o ....

40 TOP END ROUNDED

2.-Construction. The hurdles shall be made of metal or some other suitable material with the top bar of wood or other suitable material. They shall consist of two bases and two uprights supporting a rectangular frame, reinforced by one or more cross-bars, the uprights to be fixed at the extreme end of each base. The hurdle shall be of such a design that a force at least equal to the weight of 3.6 kilograms applied to the centre of the top edge of the top bar is required to overturn it. The hurdle may be adjustable in height for each event. The counterweights must be adjustable so that at each height a force at least equal to the weight of 3.6 kilograms and not more than 4 kilograms is required to overturn it. NOTE.- To check the resisting force of hurdles a simple springbalance should be used by the application of pulling force to the centre of the top bar. Alternatively use a cord with a hook, applied to the centre of the top bar, take the cord along over a pulley fIXed conveniently and load the other end of the cord with weights.

RULE 163

----------

116

700 mm(max)

700mm (max)

-I

117 - - - - - ----------------- ---

RULE 163

3.-Measurements. The standard heights of the hurdles shall be: Women 100 metres 400 metres

0.84 metres 0.762 metres

Men 110 metres 400 metres

'i ,:I

-.I

1.067 metres 0.914 metres

The maximum width shall be 1.20 metres. The maximum length of the base shall be 0.70 metres. The total weight of the hurdles shall be not less than 10 kilograms. In each case there shall be a tolerance allowance of 3. above and below the standard heights, to allow for vanatlon m the manufacture. 4.-The width of the top bar shall be 70 millimetres. The thickness of this bar should be between 10 and 25 millimetres and the top should be rounded. The bar should be firmly fIxed at the extremItIes.

5.-Finish. The top bar should be striped in black or white. or in some other contrasting colours in such a manner that the hghter stripes appear at the end of each hurdle and that they shall be at least 225 millimetres in width. ?n. the track that the feet of the hurdle shall .E.y the oompetHor-. id> ·h. \ .... __ ,;.t'0"'"-.... 'races shall be run in lanes and each competitor shall keep to his own lane throughout. 7.-A competitor who trails his foot or leg any hurdle or jumps any hurdle not in his own lane or in the opmlOn of the Referee deliberately knocks down any hurdle by hand or foot shall be disqualified. 8.-Except as provided in' paragraph 7 of this rule, the down of hurdles shall not disqualify nor prevent a record bemg made. 9.-In establishing a World Record, a complete set of hurdles of the international type must have been used. RULE 163

118

RULE 164 Steeplechase I.-The standard distances shall be: 2000 metres and 3000 metres. NOTE.-2000 metres steeplechase is for Junior events only. 2.-There shall be 28 hurdle jumps and 7 water jumps included in the 3000 metres event, and 18 hurdle jumps and 5 water jumps in the 2000 metres event. 3.-For both races the water jump shall be the fourth jump in each lap. If necessary the finish line shall be moved to another part of the track. It is recommended that, in the 2000 metres, the water jump be the second jump of the first lap, and thereafter the fourth jump.

NOTE.-Owing to the water jump having to be constructed on the arena inside or, preferably outside the track, thereby lessening or lengthening the normal distance of the laps, it is not possible to lay down any rule specifying the exact length of the laps nor to state precisely the position of the water jump. It should be borne in mind that there must be enough distance from the starting line to the first hurdle to prevent the competitors from overcrowding, and there should be approximately 68 metres from the last hurdle to the finish line. EXAMPLE: The following measurements are given as a guide and any adjustments necessary should be made by lengthening or shortening the distance ofthe starting point of the race. It is assumed that a lap of 4()() metres has been shortened or lengthened by up to 10 metres by constructing the water jump inside or outside the track. Distance from start to beginning of Ist lap, to be run without jumps ..• Distance from beginning of Ist lap to Ist hurdle '" From Ist to 2nd hurdle '" From 2nd 10 3rd hurdle '" From 3rd hurdle to waler jnmp From waler jump to 4th hurdle .•• From 4th hurdle to finishing line

Lap of 390 metns

Lap of 410 metres

270 metres lOm 7Bm 78m 7Bm 7Bm 6lIm

130 metres lOm B2m 82m 82m 82m 72m

----= 2730 metres

7 laps of 4lOm = 2870 metres

3000 metres

7 laps of 390m

4.-In the 3000 metres steeplechase, the distance from the start to the beginning of the first lap shall not include any jumps, the hurdles 119

RULE 164

being removed until the competitors have entered the first lap. 5.-The hurdles shall be 0.914 metres high (3 ft.) with a tolerance of 3 millimetres above or below this height and shall be at least 3.96 metres (13 ft.) in width. The section of the top bar of the hurdles, and the hurdle at the water jump, shall be 127 millimetres (5 in.) square. The weight of each hurdle shall be between 80 kilograms and 100 kilograms. Each hurdle shall have on either side a base between 1.20 metres and 1.40 metres. (See Diagram).

TRACK SURFACE ,

FIXED HURDLE WATER

----d

+-127mm

127mm ... 127mm

_--.:.3.H:....-.m_m_in_im_u_m

O.3Om

O.30m

-r--r-

....,; E

lii

.,;

The hurdle shall be placed on the track so that 0.30 metres of the top bar, measured from the inside edge of the track, will be inside the field. NOTE.-It is recommended that the first hurdle taken in the race should be at least 5.00 metres in width. 6.-The water jump, including the hurdle, shall be 3.66 metres in length and width. The water shall be level with the track surface and at the hurdle end shall be 0.70 metres deep for a space of about 0.3 metres. From this point the bottom shall have a regular slope upwards to the level of the track at the farther end of the water jump. The hurdle shall be firmly fixed in front of the water and be of the same height as the others in the competition. To ensure safe landing of the competitors, the bottom of the water jump shall be covered at the further end with suitable material, at least 3.66m wide and 2.5Om long, the thickness of which should not exceed approximately 25mm. 7.-Each competitor must go over or through the water and anyone who steps to the one side or other of the jump or trails his foot or leg alongside any hurdle shall be disqualified. He may jump or vault over each hurdle, or place a foot on each hurdle and on the hurdle at the water jump. RULE 164

120

WATER JUMP (NOTE.-For tracks not having a synthetic surface, the top of the concrete below the water should be covered with matting or.'Sunlhetic surface, firmly fixed in place and of sufficient thickness in the spikes or shoes will grip satisfactorily).

RULE 165 Road Races

1.-The standard distances for men and women shall be 15km 11 20km, Half-Marathon, 25km, 30km and Marathon race (42. 195km): 2.-The races shall be run on made-up roads; when traffic or similar circumstances make it unsuitable, the course, duly marked, may be on a bicycle or footpath alongside the road, but not on soft ground such as grass verges or the like. The start and finish may be within an athletic arena. I.-It is desirable to have a course with a single turning POint, or, alternatively, a single circuit. NOTE.-See Rule 145 (4) for measurement of the course. 3.-A competitor must retire at once from the race if ordered to do so by a member of the medical staff officially appointed and clearly identified by an armband. 4.-The distance in kilometres on the route shall be displayed to all competitors.

121

RULES 164, 165

5.-Refreshments shall be provided by the Organisers of the Races over 20km at approximately 5 km and, thereafter, at approximately every 5 km. In addition, the organisers shall provide sponging points where water only shall be supplied, midway between two refreshment stations. Refreshments, which may either be provided by the organiser or by the athlete himself, shall be available at the stations nominated by the competitor. The refreshments shall be placed in such a manner that they are easily accessible for the competitors or so that they may be put into the hands of the competitors. A competitor taking refreshments at a place other than the refreshments points appointed by the organisers renders himself liable to disqualification. See also Rule 143 (2). 6.-The organisers of Road Races must take care to ensure the safety of competitors. In the case of competitions staged under Rule 12, 1 (a), (b) and (c), the organisers must, where possible, give an assurance that the roads to be used will be closed in both directions Le. not open to motorised traffic.

\,i,

II, j

l' I

RULE 166 Relay Races l.-Lines 50mm wide shall be drawn across the track to mark the distances of the stages and to denote the scratch line. 2.-Lines 50mm wide also shall be drawn 10 metres before and after the scratch line to denote the take-over zone, within which lines the baton must be passed. These lines are to be included in the zonal measurements. In races up to 4 x 200 metres, members of a team other than the first runner may commence running not more than 10 metres outside the take-over zone. A distinctive mark shall be made in each lane to denote this extended limit. In 4 x 200 metres relay races, the first two stages, as well as that part of the third stage up to the exit from the first bend, will be run entirely in lanes. In 4 x 400 metres relay races, the first lap, as well as that part of the second lap up to the exit- from the first bend, will be run entirely in lanes. (See pages 110 and 111) The competitors are free take over any position on the track at the entrance to the following straight, which shall be marked with a flag set on a post at least 1.50 metres high on each side of the track, and with a line 50 millimetres wide across the track.

RULES 165, 166

NOTE.-In the 4 x 200 metres relay and 4 x 400 metres relay, where not more than 3 teams are competing, it is recommended that only the first bend of the first lap should be run in lanes. 3.-C!heck Marks. When a relay race is being run in lanes, a competItor may make a check-mark on the track within his own lane e.g. by scratching with his shoe, but may not place marking on or alongside the track. Where the track is of a material which will not permit scratching with a shoe, some material supplied by the organisers may be used, at the discretion of the judge. 4.-The Baton. The baton must be carried in the hand throughout the race. If dropped, it must be recovered by the athlete who dropped it. In all relay races, the baton must be passed within the take-over zone. The passing of the baton is completed at the moment it is in the hand of the receiving runner only. Within the take-over zone, it is only the position of the baton which is decisive, and not the position of the body or limbs of the competitors.

Construction. The baton shall be a smooth hollow tube circular in section, made of wood or metal or any other rigid material in one piece, the length of which shall not be more than 300mm and not less than 28Omm. The circumference shall be 120mm to l30rnm and it shall not weight less than 50 grams. NOTE.-The baton should be coloured so as to be easily visible during the race. 5.-The position of the teams at the start of the race shall be drawn and shall be retained at each take-over zone. After lanes shall have ceased to be used, waiting runners can move to an inner position on the track as incoming team-mates arrive, provided this can be done without fouling. 6.-ln events where the first part of the race is run in lanes, competitors, after completing this part, are free to take up any position on the track. 7.-Competitors, after handing over the baton should remain in their lanes or zones until the course is clear, to avoid obstruction to other competitors. Should any competitor wilfully impede a member of another team by running out of position or lane at the finish of the stage, he is liable to cause the disqualification of his own team. 123

122

-----------------_._---------

-----------

._.

_ _. - - - - - - - - - - -

RULE 166

S.-Assistance by pushing-off or by any other method will cause disqualification. 9.-0nce a relay team has started in a competition, only two additional athletes may be used as substitutes in the composition of the team for subsequent rounds. Substitutions may only be made from the list of athletes already entered for the meeting whether for that event or any other event. The exact composition of the teams and the order of the teams for the relay must be officially declared before the start of each round of the competition. Once an athlete who has started in a previous round has been replaced by a substitute, he or she may not return to the team. RULE 167 Cross-Country Races

(c)

It is preferable that artificial obstacles should not be used but if the scope of the promotion renders them unavoidable: they should be made to simulate natural obstacles met within open country. In cases where there is a large number of competitors, narrow gaps or other hindrances which would deny to the competitors an unhampered run must be avoided for the first 1500 metres. (d) The course must be measured and the distance declared at

the time invitations are extended. The opportunity should also be taken to include a brief description of the course.

General:Owing to the extremely varying circumstances in which crosscountry running is practised throughout the world, especially in regard to different seasons, climatic conditions and distances, it is impossible to lay down any rigid legislation for international standardisation of this sport. The following rules, however, are intended as a guide and incentive to assist countries to develop cross-country running both as a sport in itself and as a training adjunct to track and field events. Except where stated, the rules should also apply to women's events. I.-Season. The cross-country season should normally extend throughout the winter months after the close of the track and field season. 2.-The Course. For championship and international events: (a) The race shall be run over a course confined, as far as possible, to open country, fields, heathland, commons and grasslands. A limited amount of ploughed land may be included. If the course passes through woodland without any clearly defined path or track, it must be clearly marked for the runners. The traversing of roads of any description should be limited to. the minimum. (b) The course for championship events must be clearly marked, preferably with red flags on the left and white flags on the right, all of whichÂˇ must be visible from a distance of 125 metres. In all other respects, the appropriate rules governing track competitions shall be followed. RULES 166, 167

124

When laying out the course, very high obstacles should be avoided, so should deep ditches, dangerous ascents or descents, thick undergrowth and, in general, any obstacle which would constitute a difficulty beyond the aim of the competition.

(e)

The responsibility for providing a proper course and its marking by flags, details of which should appear in the rests with the promoting body, who should appomt clerks of the course, umpires and pointsmen at intricate parts of the course to direct competitors and see that they keep to the proper course.

NOTE.-For events other than international competitions, the foregoing regulations governing the course may be modified according to local circumstances. 3.-lt is recommended that competitors be placed in age categories. NOTE.-See Rule 102.

4. -Distances (a) For Seniors the distance should not be less than 7 kilometres nor more than 14 kilometres:

F.or Juniors not less than 5 kilometres, not more than 10 kIlometres;

F.or Women not less than 2 kilometres, not more than 5 kIlometres;

(b) In International races, the Senior race should be approxi-

mately 12 kilometres, the Junior race approximately 8 kilometres and the Women's race approximately 4 kilometres. 125

RULE 167

5.-Teams and Reserves. The regulations for Teams, Reserves and number of runners to score will differ from competition to competition. The LA.A.F. Cross Country Team Championships ruling on this subject, however, which may be adopted as a standard guide, is as follows: "For the Senior race, teams of not more than 12 competitors can be entered. Not less than six nor more than nine of these shall be allowed to start in the race of whom six will score. For the Women's and Junior races, teams of not less than four nor more than eight competitors can be entered. Not more than six shall be allowed to start in the race of whom four will score." Except in international races, it may be possible to accept entries from individuals. In the same way, members of depleted teams, who on the day are unable to field the necessary scoring number, could also be allowed to compete as individuals. 6.- The Start. The races shall be started by the firing of a pistol. The standard commands for distance events shall be used. In races which include a large number of competitors, a fiveminute warning before the start of the race should be given, with additional warnings if required. Stations shall be drawn up and the members of each team shall be lined up behind each other at the start of the race. 11 7.-No competitor in cross-country events is allowed to receive assistance or refreshment from any person during the progress of the race. S.-Scoring. (a) At the conclusion of a race the Judges shall decide the respective places of the scoring competitors of each competing team, add these together and the team having the lowest aggregate shall be declared the winners. (b) In assessing the aggregate, the finishing positions of any individual runners may be eliminated and subsequent finishing positions adjusted accordingly but with large fields, this is not recommended. (c) In the event of a tie it shall be resolved in favour of the team whose last scoring member finishes nearer the first place. 9.-0fflcials. The following officials are considered to be necessaryÂˇ for international events, but organisers are at liberty to vary these where local circumstances require. RULE 167

126

Referee Judge Judge's stewards Starter Competitor's stewards Technical Manager Umpires and Pointsmen Press steward Prize steward

Timekeeper Timekeeper's recorder Chief Funnel Judge Funnel Controller Funnel Judge and recorder Funnel stewards Disc distributors Disc area stewards Result recorder(s)

NO:E.-:-I.A.A ..F: Cross Country Team Championships:-For the orgamsatlOn of the above competition held annually to which all I.A.A ..F: members are invited, separate technical "';Ies have been appr?ved by the Cross Country and Road Running Committee and publzshed by the l.A.A.F. Bureau.

127

RULE 167

SECTION IV - JUMPING EVENTS RULE 171 High Jump Competition Rules 1.-The competitor must take-off from one foot. 2.-A competitor fails if he: (a) knocks the bar off the supports. (b) touches the ground including the landing beyon? the plane of the uprights either between or outsIde the upnghts, the bar.. with any part of the body, without first NOTE.-If a jumper, when he jumps, touches the wIth his foot and in the opinion of the Judge no advantage IS gamed, the jump should not for that reason be considered a failure. 3.-The order in which the competitors take their trials shall be . drawn by lot. See also Rule 1 4 2 ( 7 ) . . 4.-0nce a competition has begun, competItors are not permItted to use the runway or take-off area for practice purposes. Before the beginning of the competition, the Judges shall announce to the competitors the starting height and the subsequent heights to which the bar will be raised at the end of each round unt!l there is only one competitor remaining in the competition, or there IS a tie (See Rule 146). . . ., Until there is only one competitor remammg or there IS a tIe, the bar should never be raised by less than 2 cm after each round. In Combined Events held under Rule 12, paragraph 1 (a), (b) and (c), the raising shall be uniformly 3cm throughout the competition. . 5.-Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all hIS jumps, including jumps taken in a jump-off in first place tie.. 6.-A competitor may commence jumpmg at any heIght his own previously announced by the Chief Judge and may discretion at any subsequent height. Three consecutIve faIlures (see paragraph 2) regardless of the height at which any of such occur, disqualify from further jumping except in the case of a tIe. (See Rule 146). . NOTE.-The effect of this rule is that a competitor may forgo hIS second or third trial at a particular height (after failing first or second time) and still jump at a supsequent height. If a competitor forgoes a trial at a certain height, he may not make any subsequent attempt at that height, except in the case ofa tie. (See Rule 146). RULE 171

128

7.-Any measurement of a new height shall be made before competitors attempt such height. In all cases of records, the Judges must check the measurements after the height has been cleared. NOTE.-Judges should ensure, before starting the competition, that the underside and front of the cross-bar are distinguishable, and that the bar is always replaced with the same surface uppermost and the same surface to the front. 8.-Even after all the other competitors have failed, a competitor is entitled to continue jumping until he has forfeited his right to compete further. After the competitor has won the competition, the height, or heights, to which the bar is raised shall be decided after the Judge or Referee in charge of that event has consulted the wishes of the competitor. NOTE.- This does not apply for Combined Events. 9.-The uprights or posts shall not be moved. during the competition unless the Referee considers the take-off or landing area has been unsuitable. In such a case the change shall be made only after a round has been completed. lO.-Marks. A competitor may place marks (supplied by the Organising Committee) to assist him in his run-up and take-off and a small handkerchief or similar object on the cross-bar for sighting purposes. The Runway and Take-off Area 11.-The maximum length of the runway is unlimited. The minimum length of the runway shall be 15 metres except in competitions held under Rule 12, paragraph l(a), (b) and (c), where it shall be 20 metres. Where conditions permit, the minimum length shall be at least 25 metres. 12.-The take-off area must be level. If portable mats are used, all references in the Rules to the level of the take-off area ml.lst be construed as referring to the level of the top of the surface of the mat. B.-The maximum overall inclination of the runway and take-off area shall not exceed 1:250 in the direction of the centre of the crossbar. Apparatus 14.-Uprights. Any style or kind of uprights or posts may be used, provided they are rigid. 129

RULE 171

They shall have supports for the cross-bar firmly to They shall be sufficiently tall as to exceed the heIght to which the cross-bar can be raised by at least 100 mllhmetres. The distance between the uprights shall be not less than 4.00 metres nor more than 4.04 metres. 15.-Cross-bar. The cross-bar shall be of wood, metal or other suitable material, circular in cross-section. The length of the cross-bar shall be between 3.98 metres and 4.02 metres. The maximum weight of the cross-bar shall be 2.0kg. The diameter of the cross-bar shall be at least 25mm but not more than 3Omm. The ends of the bar shall be constructed in such a way that a flat surface of 25-3Omm x 15Omm-200mm is obtained for the purpose of placing the bar on the supports. Those parts of the bar which rest on the supports shall be. They may not be covered with rubber or any other matenal which has the effect of increasing the friction betwen them and the supports. ,,;,1.'

',J'

',-

NOTE.-The rule excluding the use of triangular cross-bars came into force on 1st April 1983 for meetings under Rule 12 paragraph (a) to (f) and will apply to all other meetings from 1st Apri/1985. 16.-Supportsfor Cross-bar. The supports for the cross-bars shall

They must be firmly fixed to the uprights during the jump and shall each face the opposite upright. The ends of the cross-bar shall rest on them in such a manner that, if the cross-bar is touched by a competitor, it will easily fall to the ground, either forwards or backwards. The supports may not be covered with rubber or with any other material which has the effect of increasing the friction between the surfaces of the cross-bar and the supports, nor may they have any kind of springs. 17.-There shall be a space of at least 10 millimetres between the ends of the cross-bar and the uprights. 18.-The landing area should measure not less than 5 metres x 3 metres.

NOTE.-The uprights and landing area should be so designed that there is a clearance of at least lOcm between them when in use to avoid displacement of the cross-bar through a movement of the landing area causing contact with the uprights.

-r

5 m

be flat and rectangular, 40 millimetres wide and 60 millimetres long.

I +-.

- - . -

- T- - - - - - 100mm

min

max

height

'<---J'9Im-4'02m

PLAN OF A SUITABLE HIGH JUMP LANDING AREA

'f.-18mm

3 m

Abo U ..

o:L,!,I.I... f4

.... - - - Abo u t I

.. 25-30..,.

:"25 -30il

Alter:native Ends

tor

Bar

HIGH JUMP UPRIGHTS AND CROSS-BAR

RULE 171

130

-+Ir--,-----' 3Âˇ 5 m -------7/

RULE 172 Pole Vault Competition Rules 1.-The order in which the competitors take their trials shall be drawn by lot. See also Rule 142 (7). 131

RULES 171, 172

... "i

,i Âˇ

2.-Before the competition begins, the Judges shall announce to the competitors the commencing height and the subsequent heights to which the bar will be raised at the end of each round, until there is only one competitor remaining in the competition or there is a tie. (See Rule 146). Until there is only one competitor remaining, or there is a tie, the , bar should never be raised by less than 5 cm after each round. In \ Combined Events held under Rule 12, paragraph I (a), (b) and (c), \ the increase in height should be uniformly IOcm throughout the 1 competition. 3.-Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all his vaults, including vaults taken in a jump-off in a first place tie. 4.-A competitor may commence vaulting at any height previously announced by the Chief Judge and may vault at his own discretion at any subsequent height. Three consecutive failures (see paragraph 9) regardless of the height at which any of such failures occur, disqualify from further vaulting, except in the case of a tie. (See Rule 146). NOTE.-The effect of this rule is that a competitor may forgo his second or third vaults at a particular height (after jailing first or second time) and still jump at a subsequent height. If a competitor forgoes a trial at a certain height, he may not make any subsequent attempts at that height, except in the case of a first place tie (See Rule 146). 5.-Any measurement of a new height shall be made before competitors attempt such height. In all cases of records, the Judges must check the measurements after the height has been cleared. NOTE.-Judges should ensure, before starting the competition, that the underside and front of the cross-bar are distinguishable and that the bar is always replaced with the same surface uppermost and the same surface to the front. 6.-Even after all the other competitors have failed, a competitor is entitled to continue vaulting until he has forfeited his right to compete further. After the competitor has won the competition, the height or heights to which the bar is raised shall be decided after the Judge or Referee in charge of that event has consulted the wishes of the competitor. NOTE.-This does not apply for Combined Events. 7.-Competitors may have the uprights moved in either direction, but not more than OAm in the direction of the runway, and not more than O.8m to the landing area from the prolongation of the inside edge of the top of the box. RULE 172

The competitor shall, before the competition starts, inform the official responsible what position of the up-rights he wants to use for his attempt and the value should be noted in the protocol. If the competitor wants to make any changes he should immediately inform the official responsible. (See Rule 142, paragraph 4 (b). NOTE.-A white line lcm wide may be drawn at right angles to the axis of the runway, at the level of the inside edge of the top of the box. This line shall be prolonged as far as the outside edge of the uprights. 8.-Competitors are permitted, during the competition, to place a substance on their hands or on the pole, in order to obtain a better grip. The use of tape on the hands or fmgers shall not be allowed except in the case of the need to cover an open wound. 9.-A competitor fails if he: (a) knocks the bar off the supports; or (b) touches the ground, including the landing area beyond the vertical plane through the upper part of the stopboard with any part of his body or with the pole, without first clearing the bar; or (c) after leaving the ground places his lower hand above the upper one or moves the upper hand higher on the pole; or 1O.-If in making an attempt, the competitor's pole is broken, it shall not be counted as a failure. II.-No one shall be allowed to touch the pole unless it is falling away from the bar or uprights. If it is touched, however, and the Referee is of the opinion that, but for the intervention, the bar would have been knocked off, the vault shall be recorded as a failure. Vaulting Poles 12.-Competitors may use their own poles. No competitor shall be allowed to use any other competitor's pole except with the consent of the owner. The pole may be of any material or combination of materials and of any length or diameter but the basic surface must be smooth. The pole may have a binding of not more than two layers of adhesive tape of uniform thickness and with a smooth surface. This restriction does not however, apply to binding the bottom end of the pole with protective layers of tape for a distance of about 0.30 metres to reduce the risk of damaging the pole when striking the back of the box.

132

133

----------

---

RULE 172

13mm MAXIMUM

NOTE.- Where

conditions permit, the runway should not be shorter than 45 metres. 14.-The maximum allowance for lateral inclination of the runway should not exceed I: lOO and the overall inclination in the running direction I: 1000. 15.-No marks shall be placed on the runway, but a competitor may place marks (supplied by the Organising Committee) alongside the runway. Once a competition has begun, competitors are not permitted to use runways for practice purposes. 16.-The take-off for the Pole Vault shall be from a box, made of suitable rigid material, and shall be sunk level with the ground. (See

paragraph 21).

75mm

The Runway, Take-off and Landing Area B.-The length of the runway is unlimited. The minimum length provided for the runway shall be 40 metres. The runway shall have a minimum width of 1.22m.

DIAMETER OR WIDTH

U ALTERNATIVE POLE

FRONT VIEW

VAULT SUPPORTS

SIDE VIEW

POLE VAULT EXTENSION ARMS

l7.-The landing area should measure not less than 5 x 5 metres. 5·0m

5·0m

Plan ofa Suitable Landing Area

i ;

about 1·3m

Apparatus

18.-Uprights. Any style or kind of uprights or posts may be used, provided they are rigid. The distance between the uprights or between the extension arms where such are used, (See para. 20 Note) shall be not less than 4.30 metres nor more than 4.37 metres wide. (See para. 19). 19.-Cross-bar. The cross-bar shall be of wood, metal or other suitable material, circular in cross-section. RULE 172

The length of the cross-bar shall be between 4.48 metres and 4.52 metres. The maximum weight of the cross-bar shall be 2.25kg. The diameter of the cross-bar shall be at least 25mm but not more than 3Omm. The ends of the bar shall be constructed in such a way that a flat surface of 25-3Omm x 150mm - 200mm is obtained for the purpose of placing the bar on the supports. Those parts of the bar which rest on the supports shall be smooth. They may not be covered with rubber or any other material which has the effect of increasing the friction. NOTE.- The rule excluding the triangular cross-bar came into force on 1st April 1983 for meetings under Rule 12, 1 (a) to (1) and will apply for all other meetings on 1st April 1985. 20.-Supports for cross-bar. Pegs shall be used to support the

cross-bar and shall be without notches or indentations of any kind, of uniform thickness throughout and not more than 13 millimetres diameter. They must not extend more than 75 millimetres from uprights, and the cross-bar shall rest on them so that if it is touched by a competitor or his pole, it will fall easily to the ground in the direction of the landing area. The pegs may not be covered with rubber or with any other material which has the effect of increasing the friction between them and the surface of the bar.

135

134

_--

RULE 172

--------- -----------

NOTE. - To lessen the chance of injury of a competitor by his falling on the feet of the uprights, as an alternative to the above, the pegs supporting the cross-bar may be placed upon extension arms permanently attached to the uprights, thus allowing the uprights to be placed wider apart, without increasing the length of the cross-bar. (See diagram).

-180

1St eel Lining

RULE 173 Long Jump

for

Wooden

Box

mmf

... m m - - - - - - i l

"'. .

PLAN

VIEW

VERTICAL SECTION

POLE VAULT BOX

21.-Box. This shall be constructed of some suitable rigid material, sunk level with the ground and shall be 1 metre in length, measured along the inside of the bottom of the box, 600 millimetres in width at the front end and tapering to 150 millimetres in width at the bottom of the stopboard. The length of the box at ground level and the depth of the stopboard will depend upon the angle formed between the base and stopboard which shall be 105Â°. The base of the box shall slope from ground level at the front end to a vertical distance below ground level of 200 millimetres at the point where it meets the stopboard. The box should be constructed in such a RULE 172

manner that the sides slop outwards and end next to the stopboard at an angle of approximately 120' to the base. If the box is constructed of wood, the bottom shall be lined with 2.5 millimetres sheet metal for a distance of 800 millimetres from the front of the box.

136

Competition Rules I.-The order in which the competitors take their trials shall be drawn by lot. See also Rule 142 (7). 2.-Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all his jumps. 3.-Where there are more than eight competitors, each competitor shall be allowed three trials and the eight competitors with the best jumps shall be allowed three additional trials. In the event of a tie for eighth place, any competitor so tying shall be allowed the three additional trials. Where there are eight competitors or fewer each competitor shall be allowed six trials. See also Rule 140 (2). ' NOTE:-Tying means, in this connection, clearing the same distance and Rule 146 (3) should not, therefore be applied.

Failures 4.-It shall be counted as a failure if any competitor (a) touches the ground beyond the take-off line with any part of the body, whether running up without jumping or in the act of jumping. To assist in judging, a plasticine indicator board should be provided behind the take-off board - See Paragraph 14; (b) takes off from outside either end of the board, whether beyond or behind the take-off line extended' (c) in the course of landing, touches the grodnd outside the landing area nearer to the take-off than the nearest break in the landing area made by the jump; (d) after a completed jump, walks back through the landing area; (e) employs any form of somersaulting. 5.-If a competitor takes off before reaching the board it shall not for that reason be counted as a failure.

137

RULES 172, 173

The Runway 6.-The runway shall have a minimum width of 1.22 metres. The length of the runway is unlimited. The minimum length provided for the runway shall be 40 metres. NOTE.- Where conditions permit the runway should not be shorter than 45 metres. 7.-The maximum allowance for lateral inclination of the runways shall not exceed 1: 100 and the overall inclination in the running direction 1: 1000. 8.-No marks shall be placed on the runway but a competitor may place marks (supplied by the Organising Committee) alongside the runway. No marks shall be placed in the landing area. 9.-0nce a competition has begun, competitors are not permitted to use the competition runway for practice purposes. Take-off Board 10.-The take-off shall be marked by a board sunk level with the runway and the surface of the landing area. The edge of the board which is nearer to the landing area shall be called the take-off line. Immediately beyond the take-off line there shall be placed a board of plasticine or other suitable material for recording the athlete's footprint when he has foot-faulted. If it is not possible to install the above apparatus, the following method should be adopted: immediately beyond the take-off line and across all the length of it over a width of 100 millimetres the ground shall be sprinkled with soft earth or sand, at an angle of 30 0 to the horizontal. 11.-The distance between the take-off board and the end of the landing area shall be at least 10 metres. 12.-The take-off board shall be not less than 1 metre from the edge of the landing area. B.-Construction. The take-off board shall be made of wood or other suitable rigid material and shall measure 1.21m to 1.22m long, 198mm to 202mm wide and maximum 100mm deep. It shall be painted white. 14.-Plasticine Indicator Board. This shall consist of a rigid board, 98mm-102mm wide and 1.21m-1.22m long, covered with plasticine or other suitable material on the top surface. The surface shall rise from the level of the take-off board at an angle of 30 0 in the direction of the running to a maximum height above the take-off board of 7mm. The board shall be mounted in a recess or shelf in the RULE 173

runway, on the side of the take-off board nearer the landing area. When mounted in this recess, the whole assembly must be sufficiently rigid to accept the full force of the athlete's foot. The surface of the board beneath the plasticine shall be of a material in which the spikes of an athlete's shoe will grip and not skid. The layer of plasticine can be smoothed off by means of a roller or suitably shaped scraper for the purposes of removing the footprints of the competitors. NOTE.-It will be found very helpful to have spare plasticine boards available, so that, while the footprint is being eliminated, the competition is not delayed. :

:..-

111 mm 282 mm

---4

min ma.

;

3 i t ' . Âˇ 7'l'm - .:- ..... ,.---

3mm

min

110mm

Plastic i ne Indicator BOArd

----

TAKE-OFF BOARD AND PLASTICINE'INDICATOR

Landing Area 15.-The landing area shall have a minimum width of 2.75 metres and the runway shall, if possible, be so placed that the middle of the runway, if extended, would coincide with the middle of the landing area. NOTE.- When the axis of the runway is not in line with the centre line of the landing area (see diagram), this shall be achieved by placing a tape which shall de-limit a landing area which has the same width on either side of the central axis of the runway prolonged.

-CL

CENTRALISED LJ/TJ LANDING AREA

139

- -

millx

Take Olf Board

138

----

102mm

"3i'

------------

RULE 173

1 Measuring 16.-All jumps shall be measured from the nearest break in the landing area made by any part of the body or limbs to the take-off line, or take-off line extended. The measurement must be taken perpendicular to the take-off line or its extension. CONTROL OF SAND lEVEL IN LONG AND TRIPLE JUMP

17.-In order to ensure the correct measurement of any jump, it is essential that the surface of the sand in the landing area should be accurately controlled so as to be level with the top of the take-off board. An approved apparatus for this purpose is illustrated above. RULE 174 Triple Jump Competition Rules 1.-The order in which the competitors take their trials shall be drawn by lot. (See also Rule 142 (7)). 2.-Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all his jumps. 3.-Where there are more than eight competitors, each competitor shall be allowed three trials and the eight competitors with the best jumps shall be allowed three additional trials. In the event of a tie for eighth place, any competitor so tying shall be allowed the three additional trials. Where there are eight competitors or fewer, each j"" - _ competitor shall be allowed six trials. .v-<:- ,---t.k NOTE.-Tying means, in" this connection, clearing the same distance, and Rule 146 (3) should not therefore be applied. 4.-The hop shall be made so that the competitor lands first upon the same foot as that from which he has taken off; in the step he shall land on the other foot from which, subsequently, the jump is performed. RULES 173, 174

Failures 5.-If the competitor while jumping, touches the ground with the "sleeping" leg it shall be considered a failure. 6.-In all other respects the rules defining a failure for the Long Jump shall apply. (See Rule 173 para 4 and para 5). The Runway 7.-The runway shall have a minimum width of 1.22 metres. The minimum length provided for the runway shall be 40 metres. NOTE.- Where conditions permit the runway should not be shorter than 45 metres. 8.-The maximum allowance for lateral inclination of the runway should not exceed 1: lOO and the overall inclination in the running direction 1: 1000. 9.-No marks shall be placed on the runway, but a competitor may place marks (supplied by the Organising Committee) alongside the runway. No marks shall be placed in the landing area. Once a competition has begun, competitors are not permitted to use runways for practice purposes. Take-off Board 10.-The take-off shall be marked by a board sunk level with the runway and the surface of the landing area, and placed at least 13 metres from the landing area. The edge of the board which is nearer to the landing area shall be called the take-off line. Immediately beyond the take-off line, there shall be placed a board of plasticine or other suitable material for recording the athlete's footprints when he has foot-faulted. If it is not possible to install the above apparatus, the following method should be adopted: immediately beyond the take-off line and across all the length of it over a width of 100 millimetres the ground shall be sprinkled with soft earth or sand, at an angle of 30Â° to the horizontal. 11.-The distance between the take-off board and the end of the landing area shall be at least 21 metres. 12.-The take-off board shall be not less than 13 metres from the edge of the landing area. B.-Construction. The take-off board shall be made of wood or other suitable rigid material and shall measure 1.21m to 1.22m long, 198mm to 202mm wide and maximum 100mm deep. It shall be painted white. 141

140 ---------

RULE 174

14.-Plasticine Indicator Board. This shall consist of a rigid board, 98mm-l02mm wide and 1.21m-1.22m long, covered with plasticine or other suitable material on the top surface. The surface shall rise from the level of the take-off board at an angle of 30Â° in the direction of the running to a maximum height above the take-off board of 7mm. The board shall be mounted in a recess or shelf in the runway, on the side of the take-off board nearer the landing area. When mounted in this recess, the whole assembly must be sufficiently rigid to accept the full force of the athlete's foot. The surface of the board beneath the plasticine shall be of a material in which the spikes of an athlete's shoes will grip and not skid. The layer of plasticine can be smoothed off by means of a roller or suitably shaped scraper for the purpose of removing the footprints of the competitors. NOTE.-It will be found very helpful to have spare plasticine boards available, so that while the footprint is being eliminated the competition is not delayed.

-CL

CENTRALISED LJ/TJ LANDING AREA

NOTE.-When the axis of the runway is not in line with the centre line ?fthe landing area (see diagram above), this shall be achieved by placmg a tape which shall de-limit a landing area which has the same width on either side of the central axis of the runway prolonged. Measuring 16.-All jumps shall be measured from the nearest break in the landing area made by any part of the body or limbs to the take-off line, or take-off line extended. The measurement must be taken perpendicular to the take-off line or its extension. CONTROL OF SAND LEVEL IN LONG AND TRIPLE JUMP

3mm

mite

PLastici ne Indicator Board

TAKE OFF BOARD AND PLASTICINE INDICATOR

142

RULE 174

- - -

--------------

---

-----

17 order to ensure the correct measurement of any it is essentIal that the surface of the sand in the landing area should be accurately controlled so as to be level with the top of the take-off board. An approved apparatus for this purpose is illustrated above.

143

RULE 174

SECTION V - THROWING EVENTS RULE 181

Putting the Shot Rules 1.-fne'order in which the competitors take their trials shall be drawn by lot. (See also Rule 142 (7)). 2.-Where there are more than eight competitors, each competitor shall be allowed three trials, and the eight competitors with the best performances shall be allowed three additional trials. In the event of a tie for eighth place, any competitor so tying shall be allowed three additional trials. Where there are eight competitors or fewer, each competitor shall be allowed six trials. (See also Rule 140 (2)).

NOTE.-Tying means, in this connection, achieving the same distance, and Rule 146 (3) should not therefore be applied. At the competition area, each competitor may have a maximum of two practice trials which should be made in draw order, under the supervision of the Judges.

6.-A competitor is allowed to touch the inside of both the iron band and the stop board. \

! '\

13 e t

7.-Provided that in the course of a trial, the foregoing rules have not been infringed, a competitor may interrupt a trial once started may lay the implement down inside or outside the circle and ma; leave the circle (when leaving the circle he must step out as required below), before returning to a stationary position and beginning a fresh trial.

NOTE.-All the moves permitted by this paragraph shall be included in the maximum time for a trial given in Rule 142, paragraph 4. The competitor must not leave the circle until the implement has touched the ground. When leaving the circle, the first contact with the top of the iron band or the ground outside the circle must be completely behind the white line which is drawn outside the circle running theoretically through the centre of the circle. (See paragraph 18 - Construction of a shot circle).

Once a competition has begun, competitors are not permitted to use the circle or ground within the sector for practice trials, with or without implements.

8.-For a valid trial, the shot must fall completely within the inner edges of lines 50rnm wide, marking a sector of 40Â° set out on the ground so that the radii lines cross at the centre of the circle.

3.-Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all his puts.

NOTE.-The 40Â° sector may be laid out accurately and conveniently by making the distance between the two points on the sector lines 20m from the centre of the circle exactly 13.68m apart.

4.-The put shall be made from a circle. At the middle of the circumference, in the front half of the circle, a stop board shall be placed firmly fastened to the ground.

The putting area shall consist of cinders or grass or some suitable material on which the shot makes an imprint.

9.-The maximum allowance for the overall downward inclination of the putting area in the throwing direction shall not exceed 1: 1000.

5.-A competitor must commence the throw from a stationary . position inside the circle.

10.-The measurement of each put shall be made immediately after the put from the nearest mark made by the fall of the shot, to the inside of the circumference of the circle, along a line from the mark made by the shot to the centre of the circle.

The shot shall be put from the shoulder with one hand only. At the time the competitor takes a stance in the ring to commence a put, the shot shall touch or be in close proximity to the chin and the hand shall not be dropped below this position during the action of putting. The shot must not be taken behind the line of the shoulders.

11.-A distinctive flag or disc shall be provided to mark the existing World Record and when appropriate the existing national record.

RULE 181

144

145

RULE 181

12.-At competitions held under Rule 12, l(a), (b) and (c), only implements provided by the Organisers may be used, and no modification can be made to them during the competition. No competitor shall be permitted to take any implement into the arena. At meetings between two or more Members, competitors may use their own implements, provided these are checked and marked as approved by the Organisers before the competition and made available to all competitors. 13.(a).-No device of any kind - e.g. the taping of two or more fingers together - which in any way assists a competitor when making a put, shall be allowed. The use of tape on the hand shall not be allowed except in the case of the need to cover an open cut or wound. (b) The use of gloves is not allowed. (e) In order to obtain a better grip, competitors are permitted to use a suitable substance on their hands only. (d) In order to protect the spine from injury, a competitor may wear a belt of leather or some other suitable material. 14.-A competitor may not spray or spread any substance in the circle nor on his shoes. 15.-After a put has been completed, the shot must be carried back to the circle and never thrown back.

Construction of Shot Circle

lS.-Construction. Circles shall be made of band iron, steel or other suitable material, the top of which shall be flush with the ground outside. The interior of the circle may be constructed of concrete, asphalt or some other firm but not slippery material. The surface of this interior shall be level and 20mm (Âą6mm) lower than the upper edge of the rim of the circle. A portable circle meeting with these specifications is permissible. A white line 50mm wide shall be drawn from the top of the metal rim extending for at least 0.75m on either side of the circle. It may be made of paint, wood or other suitable material. The rear edge of the white line shall form a prolongation of a theoretical line at right angles to the centre line of the throwing sector the rear edge of which passes through the centre of the circle.

Construction of Shot

16.-The shot shall be of solid iron, brass or any metal not softer than brass, or a shell of such metal filled with lead or other material. It must be spherical in shape and the surface must be smooth. 17.-It shall conform to the following specifications:

Shot Minimum weight for acceptance of a record Range for supply of equipment for competition Minimum Diameter Maximum Diameter RULE 181

Men

Women

7.260 kg

4.000 kg

7.265 kg7.285 kg

4.005 kg4.025 kg

llOmm 130mm

95mm llOmm

146

LAYOUT OF SHOT CIRCLE

19.-Measurements. The inside diameter of the circle shall measure 2.135m (Âą5mm). The rim of the circle shall be at least 6 millimetres in thickness and shall be painted white. 147

RULE 181

Stop Board

20.-Construction. The board shall be made of wood or other

suitable material in the shape of an arc so that the inner edge coincides with the inner edge of the circle, and also be so made that it can be firmly fixed to the ground. 2l.-Measurements. The board shall measure 112mm to 300mm wide, l.21m to l.23m long on the inside and 98m to 102mm high in relation to the level of the inside of the circle.

NOTE.-Stopboards to the 1983/4 rules remain acceptable. 112-300mmj

Surface of Circle

STOP BOARD

mm 14 -

Ground level

26mm

iCirc,e

22.-Finish. The board shall be painted white. RULE 182 Throwing the Discus Competition Rules I.-The order in which the competitors take their trials shall be drawn by lot. (See also Rule 142 (7) ). 2.-Where there are more than eight competitors, each competitor shall be allowed three trials, and the eight competitors with the best performances shall be allowed three additional trials. In the event of a tie for eighth place, any competitor so tying shall be allowed three additional trials. Where there are eight competitors or fewer, each competitor shall be allowed six trials. (See also Rule 140 (2)).

Once a competition has begun, competitors are not permitted to use the circle or ground within the sector for practice trials, with or without implements. 3.-Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all his throws.

Requirements for a valid throw.

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4.-The discus shall be thrown from a circle. The competitor must':: commence the throw from a stationary position. 5.-The competitor is allowed to touch the inner edge of the circle. It shall be a foul throw and not allowed to count if the competitor, after he has stepped into the circle and begun to make a throw, touches, with any part of his body the ground outside the circle or the top edge of the circle, or if he improperly releases the discus in making any attempt. 6.-Provided that, in the course of a trial the foregoing rules have not been infringed, a competitor may interrupt a trial once started, may lay the implement down inside or outside the circle and may leave the circle (when leaving the circle he must step out as required below), before returning to a stationary position and beginning a fresh trial.

NOTE.-All the moves permitted by this paragraph shall be included in the minimum time for a trial given in Rule 142, paragraph 4. The competitor must not leave the circle until the implement has touched the ground. When leaving the circle, the first contact with the top of the iron band or ground outside the circle must be completely behind the white line which is drawn outside the circle running theoretically through the centre of the circle. (See paragraphs 17-19 - Construction of a Discus Circle). 7.-For a valid trial, the discus must fall completely within the inner edges of lines 50mm wide marking a sector of 40Â° set out on the ground so that the radii lines cross at the centre of the circle.

NOTE.-The 40Â° sector may be laid out accurately and conveniently by making the distance between the two points on the sector lines 20m from the centre of the circle exactly 13.68m apart.

At the competition area, each competitor may have a maxImum of two practice trials which should be made in draw order, under the supervision of the Judges.

8.-The maximum allowance for the overall downward inclination of the throwing field, in the throwing direction, shall not exceed 1:1000. 9.-The measurement of each throw shall be made immediately after the throw from the nearest mark made by the fall of the discus to the inside of the circumference of the circle, along a line from the mark made by the implement to the centre of the circle.

148

149

NOTE.-Tying means, in this connection, achieving the same distance, and Rule 146 (3) should not therefore be applied..

RULES 181, 182

------------

RULE 182

1O.-A distinctive flag or marker shall be provided to mark the best throw of each competitor, and this shall be placed along a line or tape outside the sector lines. A distinctive flag or disc shall also be provided to mark the existing World Record and, when appropriate the existing national record. ll.-At competitions under Rule 12, 1 (a), (b) and (c), only implements provided by the. Organisers may be used and no modification can be made to them during the competition. No competitor shall be permitted to take any implement into the arena. At meetings between two or more Members, competitors may use their own implements, provided these are checked and marked as approved by the Organisers before the competition and made available to all competitors. 12 (a).-No device of any kind - e.g. the taping of two or more fingers together - which in any way assists a competitor when making a throw, shall be allowed. The use of tape on the hand shall not be allowed except in the case of the need to cover an open cut or wound. (b) The use of gloves is not allowed. (c) In order to obtain a better grip, competitors are permitted to use a suitable substance on their hands only. (d) In order to protect the spine from injury, a competitor may wear a belt of leather or other suitable material. 13.-A competitor may not spray or spread any substance in the circle nor on his shoes. 14.-Implements must be carried back to the circle and never thrown back. Construction of the Discus 15.-Construction. The body of the Discus shall be made of wood, or other suitable material, with a metal rim, the edge of which shall be circular. The cross section of the edge shall be rounded in a true circle having a radius of approximately 6mm. There may be circular plates set flush into the centre of the sides. Alternatively, the Discus may be made without metal plates, provided that the equivalent area is flat and the measurements and total weight of the implement correspond to the specifications. Each side of the Discus shall be identical and shall be made without indentations, projections or sharp edges. The sides shall taper in a straight line from the beginning of the curve of the rim to a circle of a radius of 25mm (min.), 28.5mm (max.) from the centre of the Discus. RULE 182

16.-It shall conform to the following specifications'

Discus Weight Minimum for acceptance of record Range for supply of equipment for competition

Men

Women

2.000kg

l.OOOkg

2.005kg2.025kg

l.OO5kg1.025kg

Outside diameter of metal rim

Min. Max.

219mm 221mm

180mm 182mm

Diameter of metal plate or flat centre area

Min. Max.

50mm 57mm

Thickness over flat centre area or metal plates

Min. Max.

44mm 46mm

37mm 39mm

Thickness of rim (6mm from edge)

Min.

12mm

DISCUS

50-57mm

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Men 219-Z21 mm Women 180-182mm

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RULE 183 Discus Throwing Cage I.-All discus throws shall be made from an enclosure or cage to ensure the safety of spectators, officials and competitors. The cage specified in this Rule is intended for .\,l$e in a major stadium with spectators all the way round the outside 'of the arena and with other events besides discus throwing taking place in the arena. Where this does not apply, and especially in training areas, a much simpler construction may be entirely satisfactory. Advice is available on request, from national organisations or from the LA.A.F. Bureau. NOTE.- The hammer throwing cage specified in Rule 185 may also

Construction of Discus Circle 17.-Circles shall be made of band iron, steel or other .suitable material, the top of which shall be flush with the ground outsIde. The interior of the circle may be constructed of concrete, ?sph?lt or other firm, but not slippery, material. The surface of the shall be level and 20mm Âą6mm lower than the upper edge of the nm of the circle. 18.-Measurements. The circle shall measure 2.50 inside diameter. The rim of the circle shall be at least 6 mIlhmetres m thickness, and shall be painted white.

be used for discus throwing, either by installing a 2.135/2.5m concentric circle, or by using an extended version of that cage with a second discus circle installed behind the hammer circle. Details are given in Rule 185.

min

I I LAYOUT OF DISCUS CIRCLE

19 -A white line 50mrh wide shall be drawn from the top of the metai rim extending for at least 0.75m on e.ither side of. the circle. It may be made of paint, wood or other matenal. edge of the white line shall form a prolongatlo? of a theoretIcal line at right angles to the centre line of the sector at the rear edge of which passes through the centre of the CIrcle. RULE 182

152

2.-The cage should also be designed, manufactured and maintained so as to be capable of stopping a 2kg discus moving at a speed of up to 25 metres per second. The arrangement should be such that while stopping the discus there is no danger of it ricocheting off fixed members of the cage, back towards the athlete or over the top of the net. Provided it satisfies all the requirements in this rule, any form of cage design and construction can be used. 3.-The cage should be U-shaped in plan, consisting of a minimum of 6 panels of netting 3.17m wide, as shown in the diagram. The width of the mouth should be 6m, positioned 5m in front of the centre of the throwing circle. The minimum height of the netting panels should be at least 4m. Provision should be made in the design of the cage to prevent a discus forcing its way through any joints in the cage or the netting or underneath the netting panels. Alternatively, the hammer throwing cage specified in these rules from 1958-1978 can be re-used for the discus. In this case, the circle should be positioned 0.8Om further back, (this is with the centre of the circle 5.Om from the 6m wide mouth) in order to decrease the danger sector. 4.-The netting of the cage can be made from suitable natural or synthetic fibre cord or, alternatively from mild or high tensile steel wire. The maximum mesh size shall be 50mm and 44mm for cord netting. The minimum size of cord or wire depends critically on the construction of the cage, but the minimum breaking stress should be at least 4Okg. 153

RULE 183

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In order to ensure the continued safety of the cage, the steel netting should be inspected after every 12 months continuous service. NOTE.- Visual inspection is not sufficient for fibre cord. Instead, several "tell tale" lengths of the standard cord should be worked into the netting by the manufacturers. One of these can be removed after every 12 months' continuous service and tested to ensure the continued strength of the netting. 5.-The maximum danger sector for discus throws from this cage is approximately 98° , including both right and left handed throwers. The position and alignment of the cage in the arena is, therefore, critical for its safe use.

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Competition Rules I.-The order in which the competitors take their trials shall be drawn by lot. (See also Rule 142 (7)). 2.-Where there are more than eight competitors, each competitor shall be allowed three trials, and the eight competitors with the best performances shall be allowed three additional trials. In the event of a tie for eighth place, any competitor so tying shall be allowed three additional trials. Where there are eight competitors or fewer, each competitor shall be allowed six trials. (See also Rule 140 (2)). NOTE.-Tying means, in this connection, achieving the same distance, and Rule 146 (3) should not therefore be applied. At the competition area, each competitor may have a maximum of two practice trials which should be made in draw order under the supervision of the Judges. Once a competition has begun, competitors are not permitted· to use the circle or ground within the sector for practice trials, with or without implements. 3.-Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all his throws. 4.-Gloves for the protection of the hands are permitted. The gloves must be smooth on the back and the front and the finger-tips must be exposed, Le. the tops of the fingers of the gloves must not be closed.

155

RULES 183, 184

No device of any kind - e.g. the taping of two or more fingers together - which in any way assists a competitor when making a throw, shall be allowed. However taping of individual fingers is permissible. The taping should be shown to the Chief Judge before the event starts. The use of a tape on the hand shall not be allowed except in the case of the need to cover an open cut or wound. In order to protect the spine from injury, a competitor may wear a belt of leather or some other suitable material. In order to obtain a better grip, competitors in throwing the hammer are permitted to use a suitable substance on their hands or gloves only. A competitor may not spray or spread any substance in the circle nor on his shoes. Requirements for a valid Throw

5.-The Hammer must be thrown from a circle. The competitor must commence the throw from a stationary position. The competitor, in his starting position prior to the preliminary swings or turns, is allowed to put the head of the hammer on the ground inside or outside the circle. A competitor is allowed to touch the inside edge of the circle. 6.-It shall not be considered a foul throw if the head of the hammer touches the ground when the competitor makes the preliminary swings or turns, but if, after having so touched the ground, he stops throwing so as to begin the throw again, this shall count as a trial throw. 7.-It shall be a foul throw and not allowed to count if the competitor, after he has stepped into the circle and begun to make a throw, touches with any part of his body the ground outside the circle or the top edge of the circle or if he improperly releases the hammer in making any attemp t. 8.-Pro vided that, in the course of a trial, the foregoing rules have not been infringed, a competitor may interrupt a trial once started, may lay his hammer down, and may leave the circle before returning to a stationary position and beginning a fresh trial. 9.-If the hammer breaks during a throw or while in the air, it shall not count as a throw, provided it was made in accordance with the rules. If the competitor thereby loses his balance and commits a foul, it shall not count against him. lO.-T he competitor must not leave the circle until the hammer has touched the ground . When leaving the circle, the first contact

RULE 184

iron band or the ground outside the circle must be with \he coml? ete y ehI.nd the white line which is drawn outside the circle runmng theoretIcally through the centre of the circle. See Paragraph 15 - Construction of a Hamm er Circle. 11.-H amme rs must be carried back to the circle and never t h rown back. Measuring the Throw

a valid trial, the hammer head must fall corn letel wIthm the mner edges of lines 50mm wide marking a sector of e o.ut on the ground so that the radii lines cross at the centre of tSh e Circle. 0 40 sector may be laid out accurately and convem.ently by making the distance between the two points on the sector Imes 20m from the centre of the circle exactly 13.68m apart. B.-Th e measurement of each throw shall be made immediatel nearest mark made by the fall of the head after the throw of the circumference of the circle alo mSIde t?e hammer to the the implement to the centre of the by made line from 14.-A dIstInCtIve flag or marker shall be provided to mark the of each competitor, and this shall be placed along a line or best tape outSide the sector lines. flag or disc shall als.o be provided to mark the existing WA ecord and, when approp nate, the existing national record. or Construction of a Hammer Circle

15.-C;0nstruction. Circles shall be made of band iron steel or other sUltab.le material, the top of which shall be flush'with th e ground outSIde. of the circle may be constructed of concrete as halt The but not slippery material. The surface of thi; the and 20mm (Âą6mm) lower than the upper edge s. nm 0 t e CIrcle. Measurements. The inside diameter of the circle shall be 2.135 metres (Âą5mm). The rim ?f the shall be at least 6 millimetres in thickness and . shall be pamted white. 50mm wide shall be drawn from the top of the metal . A white nm extendmg for at least O.75m on either side of circle. It may be 157

156 ----

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RULE 184

made of paint, wood or other suitable material. The rear edge of the white line shall form a prolongation of a theoretical line at right angles to the centre of the throwing sector, the rear edge of which passes through the centre of the circle. The hammer may be thrown from the Discus circle provided the diameter of this circle shall have been reduced from 2.5m to 2.135m by the placing of a circular ring inside which must not be dangerous for competitors. -

50mm

0'7.5 m----;, mln :

LAYOUT OF HAMMER CIRCLE

Tbe Tbrowing Field 16.-The maximum allowance for the overall downward inclination of the throwing field in the throwing direction shall not exceed 1: 1000. Hammers to be used 17 .-At competitions under Rule 12, 1 (a), (b) and (c), only hammers provided by the Organisers may be used, and no modifications can be made to them during the competition. No competitor shall be permitted to take any hammers into the arena. At meetings between two or more Members, competitors may use their own hammers, provided these are checked and marked as approved by the Organisers before the competition and made available to all competitors. Tbe Construction of tbe Hammer IS.-The hammer shall consist of three parts: a metal head, a wire and a grip. 19.-Head. The head shall be of solid iron or other metal not softer than brass or a shell of such metal, filled with lead or other solid material with a minimum diameter of IIOmm. It must be completely spherical in shape. If a filling is used, this must be inserted in such a manner that it is immovable and that the centre of gravity shall not be more than 6 millimetres from the centre of the sphere. 20.- Wire. The wire shall be a single unbroken and straight length of spring steel wire not less than 3 millimetres in diameter or No. 11 Standard Wire Gauge, and shall be such that it cannot stretch appreciably while the hammer is being thrown. The wire may be looped at one or both ends as a means of attachment. 159

RULE 184

158

RULE 184

Centre of gravity of head

:----Approx 110

Not more than 6rnm from the centre of the sphere, e.g. - It must be possible to balance the head, less handle and grip, on a horizontal sharp-edged circular orifice 12mm in diameter (see diagram).

Suggested apparatus for testing centre of gravity of Hammer head

A SUITABLE DOUBLE LOOP GRIP IS ILLUSTRATED ABOVE

21.-Grip. The grip may be either of sin?le. or loop construction, but must be rigid and without hmgmg Jomts of any kind. It must not stretch appreciably while being thrown. It must be attached to the wire to increase the overall length of the hammer. 22.-Connections for wire. The wire shall be to .the head by means of a swivel, which may be either plam or ball The grip shall be connected to the wire by means of a loop. A SWivel may not be used. 23.-The hammer shall conform to the following specifications: Weight complete as thrown Minimum for acceptance of record

7.26Okg

Range for supply of equipment for competition

7.265kg -

7.285kg

Length of Hammer measured from inside of grip Minimum Maximum

1175mm 1215mm

Diameter of head Minimum Maximum RULE 184

llOmm l30mm 160

RULE 185 Hammer Throwing Cage I.-All hammer throws shall be made from an enclosure or cage to ensure the safety of spectators, officials and competitors. The cage specified in this rule is intended for use in a major stadium, with spectators all the way round the outside of the arena, and other events beside hammer throwing taking place on the finishing straight and the two "D"s of the centre. Where this does not apply, and especially in training areas, a much simpler construction may be entirely satisfactory. Advice is available on request from national organisations or from the LA.A.F., Bureau. 2.-The cage should be designed, manufactured and maintained so as to be capable of stopping a 7.26kg hammer head llOmm in diameter, moving at a speed of up to 29 metres per second. The arrangement should be such that there is no danger of ricocheting or rebounding back towards the athlete or over the top of the cage. Provided that it satisfies all the requirements of this rule, any form of cage design and construction can be used. 3.-The cage should be U-shaped in plan, consisting of a minimum of 7 panels of netting, each 2.74m wide as shown on the diagram. The width of the mouth should be 6m, positioned 4.2m in front of the centre of the throwing circle. The minimum height of the netting panels shall be at least 5m. Provisions should be made in the design and construction of the cage to prevent a hammer forcing its way through any joints in the cage or the netting. In addition, provision should be made to prevent a hammer sliding along the ground underneath the netting. 161

RULES 184, 185

4.-Two movable netting panels 2.Om wide shall be provided at the front of the cage, only one of which will be operative at a time. The minimum height of the panels shall be 5.5m.

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(i) These panels are used alternatively. the left hand panel for a right handed thrower and the right hand panel for a left handed thrower. In view of the need to change over from one panel to the other during the competition, when both left and right handed throwers are present, it is essential that this changeover should require little labour and be carried out in the minimum of time. (;;) The left panel only is shown in the diagram, in position for the cage to be used by a right-handed thrower. The end position for the right panel is also shown on the diagram. (iii) When in operation. the moveable panel must be exactly in the position shown. Provision must. therefore, be made in the design of the movable panels to lock them in the operative position.

(iv) The construction of these panels and their operation depends on the overall design of the cage and can be sliding, hinging on a vertical or horizontal axis or dismounting. The only firm requirements are that the panel in operation must be fully able to stop any hammer striking it and there must be no danger of a hammer being able to force its way between the fIXed and movable panels. 5.-The netting for the cage can be made from suitable natural or synthetic fibre cord or. alternatively, from mild or high-tensile steel wire. The maximum mesh size shall be 50mm wire and 44mm for cord netting. The minimum size of cord or wire depends critically on the construction of the cage, but the minimum breaking strain should be at least 130kg. In order to ensure the continued safety of the cage, the steel netting should be inspected at least every 12 months. Visual inspection is not sufficient for fibre cord. Instead, several "tell-tale" lengths of the standard cord should be worked into the netting by the manufacturer. One of these can be removed every 12 months and tested to ensure the continued strength of the netting. 6.-Where it is desired to use the same cage for discus throwing, the installation can be adapted in two alternative ways. Most simply, a 2. 13512.5m concentric circle may be fitted, but this involves using the same surface in the circle for hammer and discus throwing.

162

163

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RULE 185

------------ -----------

Where it is desired to have separate circles for and discus, the two circles must be placed one behind the other With the 2.37m apart on the centre line of the throwing sector and With the hammer circle at the front. The shape of the rear of the cage m?st then be enlarged using a minimum of eight fixed panels.2.83m Wide and two movable panels 2.Om wide, as shown on the diagram. minimum height of the panels, both fixed and movable, for thiS enlarged cage shall be exactly the same as for the standard cage. 7.-The safety of the hammer cage installation is ve.ry dependent maximum danger on the position and alignment in the arena. sector for all throws, including both left and fight handed throwers, is approximately 85Â°.

RULE 186 Throwing the Javelin

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Competition Rules . . 1.-The order in which the competitors take their tnals shall be drawn by lot. See also Rule 142 (7). . 2.-Where there are more than eight each shall be allowed three trials, and the eight competitors WIth the best performances shall be allowed three additional trials. In the event of a tie for eighth place, any competitor so tying shall be allowed three additional trials. Where there are eight competitors or fewer, each competitor shall be allowed six trials. (See ,also 1.40 (2)) NOTE.-Tying means, in this connectIOn, the same distance, and Rule 146 (3) should not therefore be applled. . At the competition area, each competitor should have a maxImum of two practice trials which should be made in draw order, under the supervision of the Judges. , . to Once a competition has begun, competitors are ?ot use the runway or ground within the sector for practice tnals, WIth or without a javelin. . 3.-Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all hiS throws. 4.-No device of any kind - e.g. the taping of or more fingers together - which in anyway assists a competitor when making a throw, shall be allowed. . The use of tape on the hand shall not be allowed except III the case of the need to cover an open cut or wound. RULES 185, 186

In order to protect the spine from injury, a competitor may wear a belt of leather or some other suitable material. In order to obtain a better grip, competitors are permitted to use a suitable substance on their hands only. The use of gloves is not allowed. Requirements for a Valid Throw 5.-(a) The javelin must be held at the grip. It shall be thrown over the shoulder or upper part of the throwing arm and must not be slung or hurled. Non-orthodox styles are not permitted. (b) No throw shall be valid in which the tip of the metal head does not strike the ground before any other part of the javelin. (e) A competitor may not cross either of the parallel lines. (See paragraph 8). (d) It is a foul throw if the competitor touches, with any part of his body or limbs, the strip (see paragraph 8), or the lines drawn from the extremities thereof at right angles to the parallel lines, or the ground beyond the strip or those lines. (e) At no time after preparing to throw, until the javelin has been discharged into the air, may the competitor turn completely around, so that his back is towards the throwing arc. (f) A competitor shall not leave the runway until the javelin has touched the ground. He shall then, from a standing position, leave the runway from behind the arc and the lines drawn from the extremities of the arc. (See paragraph 8). (g) If the javelin breaks at any time in the course of the throw, it shall not count as a trial, provided the throw was made in accordance with the rules. 6.-A foul throw or improperly releasing the implement in making an attempt shall be recorded as a trial, but shall not count. 7.-Javelins must be carried back to the starting line and never thrown back. The Runway and Throwing Field 8.-The length of the runway shall be not more than 36.5 metres but not less than 30 metres and shall be marked by two parallel lines 50 millimetres in width and 4 metres apart. The throw shall be made from behind an arc of a circle drawn with a radius of 8 metres; such arc shall consist of a strip made of paint, wood or metal 70 millimetres in width, painted white and shall be flush with the ground. Lines shall be drawn from the extremities of the arc at right angles to the parallel lines marking the runway. These lines shall be 0.75 metres in length and 70 millimetres in width. 165

164 -----

RULE 186

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10.-To be valid all throws must fall completely within the inner edge of lines 50mm wide marking the sector, set out on the ground by extending the lines from the centre (A) of the circle, of which the arc is part, through the points (B) and (C) at which the arc joins the lines marking the runway. Sectors may be marked at: e.g. 3Om, 5Om, 7Om. 11. -The measurement of each throw shall be made immediately after the throw from the nearest mark made by the head of the javelin to the inside edge of the arc along a line from the mark made by the implement to the centre of the circle of which the arc is a part. 12.-A distinctive flag or marker shall be provided to mark the best throw of each competitor, and this shall be placed along a line or tape outside the sector lines. A distinctive flag or disc shall also be provided to mark existing Records, e.g. World or National records.

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The maximum allowance for lateral inclination of the runway shall be 1:100. The maximum allowance for the overall inclination of the throwing field in the throwing direction shall not exceed 1: 1000. NOTE.-It is recommended that the length of the runway should be not be less than 33.5 metres. 9.-No mark shall be placed on the runway, but competitors may place marks - supplied by the Organising Committee - at the side of the runway.

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Implements to be used

13.-At competitions under Rule 12, 1 (a), (b) and (c), only implements provided by the Organisers may be used, and no modification can be made to them during the competition. No competitor shall be permitted to take any implement into the arena. At meetings between two or more Members, competitors may use their own implements, provided these are checked and marked as approved by the Organisers before the competition and made available to all competitors. Construction

JAVELIN RUNWAY - THROWING SECTOR Not to Scale

----._--

14.-The javelin shall consist of three parts: a head, a shaft, and a cord grip. The shaft shall be constructed of metal, and shall have fixed to it a metal head terminating in a sharp point. 167

166

RULE 186 - - - -

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RULE 186

,; 'i "

15.-The grip, which shall be about the centre of gravity, shall not exceed the diameter of the shaft by more than 8mm. It may have a regular non-slip pattern surface but without or identations of any kind. The grip shall be of umform thIckness. 16.-The cross-section shall be regularly The maximum diameter of the shaft shall be immedIately In front of the grip. The central portion of the shaft, including .the under the grip, may be cylindrical. From the grip, the. Javehn shall taper regularly to the tip at the front and the at the reaz:. The longitudinal profile from the grip to the front tlp and to the taIl be straight or slightly convex and there must be no ab.rupt alteratIOn in the diameter, except at the front and rear of the gnp, throughout . the length of the javelin. NOTE.- Whilst the cross-section should be circular, a maxImum of 2 per cent difference between the largest and the smallest is permitted. The mean value of these. two must correspond to the specification given for a cm:ular Javelm. 17.-The javelin shall have no mobile parts or other which during the throw could change its centre of gravIty or .. . . throwing characteristics. 18.-The javelin shall conform to the followmg specIficatlons. Men Weight (inclusive of cord grip) Minimum for acceptance of record

800gm

Range for supply of equipment for competition

805825gm

NOTE 2.-The new rule does not affect any existing 600gmjavelins currently in production.

600gm 6056"1S"gm

\,....

Min. Max.

2.6Om 2.7Om

2.2Om 2.3Om

Length of metal head

Min. Max.

250mm 330mm

Distance from tip of metal head to centre of gravity

Min. Max.

O.90m 1.06m

O.8Om O.95m

Diameter of shaft at thickest point

Min. Max.

25mm 30mm

20mm 25mm

Width of cord grip

Min. Max.

150mm l60mm

l40mm 150mm

168

._--

NOTE I.-The new rule will come into force on 1 April 1986. Until that date, 800gm javelins conforming to both the old and the new rules will be acceptable for I.A.A.F. competition.

Women

Overall length

RULE 186

19.-The tapering of the shaft to the tip of metal head shall be such that the diameter, at the midpoint between the front of the grip and the tip of the metal head shall not exceed 90 per cent of the maximum diameter of the shaft and, at a point 150 millimeters from the tip of the metal head 80 per cent of the maximum diameter. The tapering of the shaft to the tail at the rear shall be such that the diameter, at the midpoint between the front of the grip and the tail, shall not be less than 90010 for men and 70% for women of the maximum diameter of the shaft. At a point 150mm from the tail, the diameter shall not be less than 40% for men and 30% for women of the maximum diameter of the shaft.

169 ..

----------

RULE 186

.--------------------I

- - - - - -.,.- - - - -..,... - - - -..,..-

SECfION VI - WALKING

.5.5

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RULE 191

z o en zw

Walking

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0 ,... N I

0 0

2.-Judging (a) The appointed Judges of Race Walking shall elect a Chief Judge. (b) At Olympic Games, World Championships and the Race Walking World Cups, the Walking Committee shall, in good time, submit to the LA.A.F. Council for approval the names of the walking judges to officiate at the relevant meeting. For continental championships, a similar practice is recommended. (e) All the Judges shall act in an individual capacity.

N N

w 0

I.-Definition of Race Walking. Race Walking is a progression of steps so taken that unbroken contact with the ground is maintained. (a) During the period of each step, the advancing foot of the walker must make contact with the ground before the rear foot leaves the ground. (b) The supporting leg must be straightened (Le. not bent at the knee) for at least one moment when in the vertical upright position.

'be

-s

-Ic:

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CD 0

0 0

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en I

0 0

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RULE 186

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.II

)(

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______ ____ .J._____

ÂŤ z

---

zÂŤ a: W

I-

3.-Warning. Competitors must be warned by any Judge when, by their mode of progression, they are in danger of failing to comply with the definition of race walking; but they are not entitled to a second warning from the same Judge for the same offence. Having warned a competitor, the Judge must inform the Chief Judge of his action. 4.-Disqualification. (a) When, in the opinion of three Judges, a competitor's mode of progression fails to comply with the definition of race walking during any part of the competition, the competitor shall be disqualified and informed of his disqualification by the Chief Judge. (b) Normally, a competitor is entitled to a warning before a disqualification is given.

170

171

------ --- ----..

_--------

RULE 191

!' In a competition either directly controlled by the LA.A.F. or taking place under LA.A.F. permit, in no circumstances shall two Judges of the same nationality have the power to disqualify. (d) Disqualification may be given, immediately after the competitor has finished, if it is impractical to inform the competitor of the disqualification during the race. (e) A white sign with the symbol of the offence on each side, must be shown to the competitor, when a warning is given. A red sign symbolises the disqualification of the competitor. The latter may only be used by the Chief Judge. (f) In track races, a competitor who is disqualified must immediately leave the track and, in road races, the disqualified competitor must immediately after being disqualified, remove the distinguishing numbers which he is wearing and leave the course. (c)

5.-Sponging and Refreshment Stations. (a) Sponging and Drinking Stations: At all walking events of 10 kilometres or more, sponging and drinking water stations may be provided at suitable intervals, corresponding to weather conditions. (b) Refreshment/Feeding Stations: In all walking events of more than 20 kilometres, refreshments shall be provided by the organisers. Refreshment stations shall be arranged at approximately 5kms and, thereafter, at about every 5kms, or every circuit. In the case of track events, the refreshment stations shall be opened for five minutes, at 20 minute intervals. Refreshments, which may either be provided by the organisers or by the athlete, shall be available at the station assigned by the competitor. The refreshments shall be placed in such a manner that they are easily accessible for the competitors or so that they may be put into the hands of the competitors. A competitor taking refreshments at a place other than the assigned refreshment stations, may be disqualified. NOTE.-At international races, a maximum of two officials from each country may be stationed behind the refreshment table. Under no circumstances may an official run beside the athlete, while he is taking refreshments. RULE 191

172

6.-Courses and Conditions for Walking Events. (a) In Championships and Games held under Rule 12, paragraph 1 (a), (b) and (c), the circuit for the 20km walk should be if possible a maximum of 2,500m. The circuit for the 50km walk should be, if possible, 2,500km with a maximum of 5,000m if held on an "out and back" course. (b) The organisers of walking events held on the roads must take

care to ensure the safety of the competitors. For walking races within Championships and Games held under Rule 12 paragraph 1 (a), (b) and (c), the organisers must giv; assurance that the roads used for the competition will be closed in both directions; Le. not open to motorised traffic. (c)

In Championships and Games held under Rule 12 paragraphs 1 (a), (b) and (c), the road walking events shall b; arranged as to ensure that the walkers finish in daylight.

RULE 192 I.A.A.F. Race Walking World Cup for the "Lugano Trophy" (Men) and The "Eschbom Cup" (Women) This competition will be conducted by a Sub-Committee appointed by the Walking Committee of the LA.A.F. in accordance with Rules approved by Congress. Copies of the current rules may be obtained from the LA.A.F. upon request.

173

RULES 191, 192

SECTION VII -

COMBINED COMPETITIONS

RULE 195 MEN (Pentathlon and Decathlon) I.-The Pentathlon consists of five events shall. be on one day in the following order: long jump; throwmg the JavelIn; 200 metres; throwing the discus; and 1500 metres. 2.-The Decathlon consists of ten events which shall be held on two consecutive days in the following order: First day - 100 metres; long jump; putting the shot; high jump and 400 metres. Second day - 110 metres hurdles; throwing the discus; pole vault; throwing the javelin; and 1500 metres.

WOMEN (Heptathlon) 3.-The Heptathlon consists of seven events which shall be held on two consecutive days in the following order: First day - 100 metres hurdles; high jump; putting the shot; 200 metres. Second day - long jump; javelin throw; 800 metres. GENERAL 4.-At the discretion of the Referee, there shall, w.henever the tIme one possible, be an interval of a least 30 minutes event ends and the next event begins, for any mdlVldual athlete. 5.-The order of competing may be drawn before each separate event. In the 100 metres, 200 metres, 400 metres, 100 Hurdles and 110 metres Hurdles events, the competitors compete In grouJ?s as decided by the Referee, so that preferably five or more competItors and never less than four are in each Group. In the last event of a Combined Event the he:ats should be arranged so that one group the. leadmg competitors after the penultimate event. With thIS exceptIOn,. the heats for the next event may be drawn as, and when, competttors become available from the previous event. The Referee shall have the authority to rearrange any group, if in his opinion; it is desirable.

6.-The LA.A.F. rules for each event constituting the competition will apply with the following exceptions: (a) In the long jump and each of the throwing events, each competitor shall be allowed three trials only. (b) Each competitor's time shall be timed by 3 timekeepers independently. If, for any reason, only two register times and these two disagree, the longer time of the two shall be adopted as official. Alternatively, times may be recorded by a fully automatic electrical timekeeping device. (c) In the running trials and the hurdles, a competitor shall be disaqualified in any event in which he has made three false starts. 7.-The scores, separately and combined, should be announced to .. the competitors after the completion of each event. Only one system of timing may be applied. ii... '"7 . .,;... l.';{;'i. â&#x20AC;˘. In case of electrical timing, times shall be given to 1I100th of a second. Scoring shall be made from the table to 1I100th second. 8.-The winner shall be the competitor who has obtained the highest number of points in the five, seven or ten events, as the case may be, awarded on the basis of the LA.A.F. Scoring Tables. 9.-ln the event of a tie, the winner shall be the competitor who, in the greater number of events, has received more points than the other competitor/competitors tying. If this does not resolve the tie, the winner shall be the competitor who has the highest number of points in anyone event. This shall apply to ties for any place in the competition. 1O.-Any athlete failing to start or make a trial in one of the events of the Pentathlon, Heptathlon or Decathlon shall not be allowed to take part in the following events but shall be considered to have abandoned the competition. He shall not, therefore, figure in the final classification. Any competitor deciding to withdraw from a combined events competition shall immediately inform the Referee of his decision.

, -';'

RULE 195

174

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to.

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11. V-v. '"

j,. .

t... .. .... L.

.'pO

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11.-_

"" RULE 195 j "- .. ,,

.....

DIVISION IV RULE 381 EVENTS FOR WHICH WORLD RECORDS ARE RECOGNISED FuUy automatic Electrically Timed performances (E.T.) Hand Timed performances (H.T.) E.T. only

MEN lOOm, 200m, 400m, 110m Hurdles, 400m Hurdles, 4 x lOOm Relay.

E.T. or H.T. 800m, 1 000m, 1 500m, One Mile, 2 OOOm, 3 000m, 5 000m, 10 000m, 20 000m, 1 Hour, 25 000m, 30 000m, 3 000m Steeplechase.

To: THE GENERAL SECRETARY OF THE I A A F 3 Hans Crescent, Knightsbridge, LONDON, SW'IX OLN, England. APPL/CATlON 15 HEREBY MADE FOR A WORLD RECORD. IN SUPPORT OF WHICH THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION IS SUBMITTED:- (Please type or use block capilals)

Event.

Record claimed

Full name of competitor

. .. MenJ'Nomen

names

ail·

are·

in the'

Relays: 4 x 200m, 4 x 400m, 4 x 800m, 4 x 1500m. Walking: 20km, Two Hours, 30km, 50km.

Competitor's Cou!,try ..

Date of Meeting ..

Name of Stadium.

Jumps:

High Jump, Pole Vault, Long Jump, Triple Jump.

The names of the three first competitors and their times were as follows:

Tbrows:

Shot Putt, Discus, Hammer, Javelin.

. Time of Event. . .. Town

.... Country.

RESULT OF RACE 1st.. 2nd 3rd

Decatblon

E.T. only

STARTER'S CERTIFICATE

WOMEN lOOm, 200m, 400m, lOOm Hurdles, 400m Hurdles, 4 x lOOm Relay.

800m, 1 000m, 1 500m, One Mile, 2 000m, 3 000m, \ E.T. or H.T. 5 000m, 10 000m, 20 000m, One Hour, 25 000m and 30 000m. Relays: 4 x 200m,4 x 400m,4 x 800m.

Walking: 5 000m, 10 000m.

I certify that the start of the race was in accordance with IAAF. Rules.

Name of Starter.

. . Signature ..

TIMEKEEPERS' CERTIFICATES 9

Time

... Name

Time

.... Name .

Time

Name ..

. Signature. . .. Signature. . Signature

CHIEF TIMEKEEPER 10 I confirm that the above Timekeepers exhibited their watches to me and that the times were as stated

........................ (Name of Chief Timekeeper or Referee)

Jumps:

High Jump, Long Jump.

Tbrows:

Shot Putt, Discus, Javelin.

(Signature)

ELECTRICAL TIMING 11 A fully automatic electrical timing device was used. The time recorded was

Heptatblon .. NOTE.-For each of the six new events (i.e. 1 OOOm, 2000m, 20000m, 1 Hour, 25000m and 30000m) the inaugural World Record will be the best performance set up during 1985. RULE 381

176

HAND TIMING

I, the. undersigned official timekeeper of the event mentioned on this form, do hereby certify that the time set opposite my sIgnature was the exact time recorded by my watch and that the watch used by me has been certified and approved by my National Association.

and this was the official time.

Name of Chief Photo-Finish JUdge . . . .. .. . . . Signature .. .. . (A Photo-Finish print must be included with this application)

177

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _ .. _ - - - - -

WIND GUAGE 12 Wind speed in the direction of running Signature.

Name of Operator

TRACK SURVEYOR'S CERTIFICATE 13 I hereby certify that the course over which this e.vent was held has been measured with an approved tape. The exact distance was:-

. cms or

metres

miles .

. yds

ins

The length of one lap was:

... . ... metres .. .' . .. . ' .... cms or ... .. yds ..... ft . . . ... ins The maximum allowance for lateral inclination did not exceed 1: 100 and in the running direction 1: 1000 (Qualification)

(Name of Surveyor)

(Signature)

To: THE GENERAL SECRETARY OF THE I.AA.F., 3 Hans Crescent, Knightsbridge, LONDON, SWl X OLN, England APPLICATION IS HEREBY MADE FOR A WORLD RECORD, IN SUPPORT OF WHICH THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION IS SUBMITTED:- (Please type or use block capitals)

Event

DOPING CONTROL CERTIFICATE

MenMlomen

Record claimed

14 I, a member of the Doping Committee for the meeting, certify that a sample for dope testing was obtained from the above mentioned athlete in my presence and despatched to the following laboratory:

. metres.

Full name of competitor 4 Competitor's Country

Laboratory

.. ,

Name

Date of Meeting.

(NOTE: For relays, samples must be obtained from AU athletes)

GUARANTEE BY REFEREE

Town.

1hereby certify that the Shot/Discus/Hammer/Javelin used in the record claimed has been examined by me after the performance and conforms exactly with the relevant I.A.AF. Rule. 1 further certify that the implement used was manufactured by:

Name of Referee . .. Date.

Model

which is freely available worldwide. Name.

THE FOLLOWING MUST BE ENCLOSED WITH THIS APPLICATION

Signature

16 A programme of the Meeting, a PhotoÂ·Finish print. and. for a Women's event, a certificate of sex, unless the athlete has an I.A.A.F Certificate (Rule 138). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION DESIRED FOR HISTORICAL PURPOSES: State of weather. Intermediate time Type of throwing surface or runway Press cuttings if available. Condition of throwing surface or runway. A Photo of the athlete.

FIELD JUDGES' CERTIFICATE 8

We hereby certify that the measurement stated opposite our respective signatures is exact as measured in accordance with I.AA.F. Rule 148, paragraph g (a). We also certify that the circle or runway complied with I.A.A. F. specifications. m (Distance or height)

RECOMMENDATION BY I.A.A.F. MEMBER COUNTRY

(Signature)

(Distance or Height)

(Name of Field judge)

(Signature)

(Name of Field judge)

(Signature)

.m (Distance or Height)

. Secretary.

SURVEYOR'S CERTIFICATE

.. Date

Name of I.A.AF. Member

I.A.A.F. APPROVAL

I hereby certify that the lateral inclination of the runway did not exceed 1.100 and in the running direction 1:1000 downwards. I also certify that the ground where the implement landed was not lower (by more than 1:000) than the runway or circle or that the level of the Long Jump or Triple Jump landing area was not lower than the take-off board. (Name of Surveyor)

(President of the IAA.F)

(Name of Field Judge)

17 The undersigned I.A.AF Member hereby certifies that it is satisfied with the accuracy of the within mentioned statements, confirms that the officials conducting the competition were duly qualified. and recommends thIS application for acceptance:

President.

. .. Country.

EQUIPMENT OFFICER'S CERTIFICATE

1S I hereby certify that asll the infonmation recorded on this fonm is accurate; and that the appropriate I.A.A.F Rules of Competition were complied with.

Signature of Referee

. Time of Event

Name of Stadium

(Date)

178

(Qualification)

(General Secretary of the I.A.A. F.)

179

(Signature)

I.A.A.F. MENS WORLD RECORDS AS AT JANUARY 1st, 1985 WIND GAUGE (LONG JUMP AND TRIPLE JUMP ONLY) 10 Windspeed in the direction of running Name of Operator

DOPING CONTROL CERTIFICATE 11 I a member of the Doping Committee for the meeting, certify that a sar:np1e for dope .testing was obtained from the mentioned athlete in my presence and despatched to the followIng laboratory

Laboratory

Signature

Name

RESULT OF COMPETITION 12 The names of the first three competitors and their performances were as follows:

1st.

2nd . 3rd

GUARANTEE BY REFEREE 13 I hereby certify that all the information recorded on this form is accurate; and that the appropriate I.A.A.F. Rules of competition were complied with.

lOOm 200m 400m 800m 1000m 1500m 1 mile 2000m 3000m 5000m 10,OOOm 20,000 1 hour 25,OOOm 30,OOOm 110m H. 400m H. 3000m SC.

9.93 19.72 43.86 1:41.73 2:12.18 3:30.77 3:47.33 4:51.4 7:32.1 13:00.41 27:13.81 57:24.2 20,944 1:13.55.8 1:29.18.8 12.93 47.02 8:05.4

RELAYS 4 • lOOm R

37.83

4 • 200m R

1:20.26

4 • 400m R

2:56.16

4 • 800m R

7:03.89

4. 1500m R

14:38.8

Name of Referee . Date

Signature of Referee.

I HE FOLLOWING MUST BE ENCLOSED WITH THIS APPLICATION:

programme of the Meeting, a copy of the Results Card, and. for a Women's event, a certificate of sex. unless the athlete

has an IAA.f Certificate (Rule 138).

ADDmONAL INFORMATION DESIRED FOR HISTORICAL PURPOSES: State of weather

Intermediate times

Type of track or runway

Press cuttings if avaiiable

Conditions of track or runway

A Photo of the athlete

RECOMMENDATION BY LA.A.F. MEMBER COUNTRY The undersigned LA.A.F. Member hereby certifies that it is with the accura.cy of the within statements, confirms that the officials conducting the competItion were duly qualified. and recommends t 5

application for acceptance: President.

Secretary

Name of I.A.A.f. Member

Date

LA.A.F. APPROVAL (President of the I.AA FJ

(Date)

180

S":,etary of the I.AAFJ

WALKS 20km 30km 50km 2 hour FIELD EVENTS High Jump Pole Vault Long Jump Triple Jump Shot Put Discus Hammer Javelin

1:18:40.0 2:08:00.0 3:41:39.0 28,165m 2.39 5.94 8.90 17.89 22.22 71.86 86.34 104.80

COMBINED EVENTS Decathlon 8798

Calvin Smith Pietro Mennea Lee Evans Sebastian Coe Sebastian Coe Steve Ovett Sebastian Coe John Walker Henry Rono David Moorcroft Fernando Mamede Jos Hermens Jos Hermens Toshihiko Seko Toshihiko Seko Renaldo Nehemiah Edwin Moses Henry Rono

(USA) lITA) (USA) (GBR) (GBR) (GBR) (GBR) (NZL) (KEN) (GBR) (POR) {HOLl (HOLl (JAP) (JAP) (USA) (USA) (KEN)

Col. Springs Mexico DJ. Mexico DJ. Firenze Oslo Rieti Brussells Oslo Oslo Oslo Stockholm Papendal Papendal Christchurch Christchurch tu"rich Koblenz Seattle

3.7.83 12.9.79 18.10.68 10.6.81 11.7.81 4.9.83 28.8.81 30.6.76 27.6.78 7.7.82 2.7.84 1.5.76 1.5.76 22.3.81 22.3.81 19.8.81 31.8.83 13.5.78

USA (Graddy, 8rown, Smith, Lewis) USA (Univ. of S. California) (Andrews, Sanford, Mullins, Edwards) USA (Matthews, Freeman, James. Evans) GBR (Elliott, Cook, Cram, Coo) FRG (Wessinhage, Hudak, Lederer, Fleschen)

(USA)

Los Angeles

11.8.84

(USA)

Tempe

27.5.78

USA

Mexico OF

(GBR)

London

30.8.82

(FRG)

Cologne

17.8.77

Emesto Canto Jose Marin Raul Gonzalez Jose Marin

(MEX) (SPA) IMEX) (SPA)

Bergen Barcelona Fana Barcelona

5.5.84 8.4.79 25.5.79 8.4.79

Zhu Jianhua Sergey Bubka Bob Beamon Joao Cde Otiveira Udo Beyer Yuriy Dumchev Yuriy Sedykh Uwe Hohn

(PRC) (URS) (USA) (BRA) (GDR) fURS} (URS) (GDR)

Eberstadt Rome Mexico D.F. Mexico OF Los Angeles Moscow Cork Berlin

Jiirgen Hingsen (10.70, 7.76, 16.42, 2.07, 48.05, 14.07, 49.36, 4.90, 59.86, 4: 19.7)

(FRG)

181

_._---

20.10.68

10.6.84 31.8.84 18.10.68 15.10.75 25.6.83 29.5.83 3.7.84 20.7.84 8/9.6.84

"I.A.A.F. Progressive World Record Lists" 1913-1985 is available from I.A.A.F. Publications Department. Price £2.00 (including postage)

I.A.A.F. WOMENS WORLD RECORDS AS AT JANUARY 1st. 1985 lOOm 200m 400m 800m 1500m 3000m 5000m 10,OOOm 1 mile lOOm H. 400m H. WALKS 5km Walk 10km Walk RELAYS 4 x lOOm R. 4 x 200m R. 4 x 400m R. 4 x 800m R. FIELD EVENTS High Jump Long Jump Shot Put Discus Javelin

10.76 21.71 47.99 1:53.28 3:52.47 8:22.62 14:58.89 31:13.78 4:17.44 12.36 53.58 21:36.2 45:39.5 41.53 1:28.15 3:15.92 7:50.17

2.07 7.43 22.53 74.56 74.76

COMBINED EVENTS Heptathlon 6867

Evelyn Ashford Marita Koch JarmiJa Kratoch¥ilova Jarmila Tatyana Kaz3iiJiina Tatyana Kazankina Ingrid Kristiansen Olga Bondarenko Maricica Puica Grazyna Rabysztyn Margarita Ponomaryova Olga Krishtop Van Hong

IUSA) IGDR) ITCH) ITCH) IURS) fURS) fNOR) fURS) fRUM) (POL) (URS)

IURS) (PAC)

GDR IGladisch, Koch, Auerswald, Gohr) GDR (Gohr, Muller, Wockel. Kochl GDR (Walther, Busch, Rubsam, Koch) URS (Olizarenko, Gurina, Borisova, Podyalovskaya)

(GORI (GORI (GDR) IURS)

Zurich Karl·Marx·Stad Helsinki Munich Zurich Leningrad Oslo Kiev Rieti Warsaw Kiev

Penza Copenhagen Berlin • Jena Erfurt Moscow

22.8.84 10.6.79 10.8.83 26.7.83 13.8.80 26.8.84 28.6.84 24.6.84 16.9.82 13.6.80 22.6.84 4.8.84 13.5.84 31.7.83 9.8.80 3.6.84 5.8.84

OFFICIAL LIST OF OLYMPIC GAMES RECORDS - MEN lOOm 200m 400m 800m 1500m 5000m 10,OOOm 110m Hurdles 400m Hurdles 20km Walk 50km Walk 3000m Steeplechase Marathon 4 x lOOm Relay 4 x 400m Re/ay High Jump Long Jump Triple Jump Pole Vault Shot Put Discus

Lyudmila Andonova Anisoara Cusmir Natalya Usovskaya Zdenka Silhava Tiina Lillak

(BUl) (RUM) (URS) (TCH) (FIN)

Berlin Bucharest Sochi Nitra Tampere

20.7.84 4.6.83 26.5.84 26.8.84 13.6.83

Sabine Paetz (12.64,1.80, 15.37,23.27, 6.86, 44.62, 2:08.93)

(GDR)

Potsdam

5/6.5.84

Hammer Javelin Decathlon

9.95 19.80 43.86 1:43.00 3:32.53 13:05.59 27:38.4 13.20 47.64 1:23:13 3:47:26 8:08.0 2h 09.55 37.83 2:56.1 2.36m 17'8"'''' 8.90m (29'lY,") 17.39m (57'0Y,") 5.78m 118'11 y,") 21.35m (70'OY,") 68.28m 1224'0") 81.BOm /268'4") 94.58 1310'3") 8797

Jim Hines Carl Lewis Lee Evans Joaquim Cruz Sebastian Coe Said Aouita Lasse Viren Roger Kingdom Edwin Moses Emesto Canto Raul Gonzalez Anders Garderud

)

MARATHON MEN WOMEN

lh 08.05 lh 22.43

(G8R) (USA)

Steve Jones Joan Benoit

182

Chicago Boston

Mexico City Los Angeles Mexico City Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Munich Los Angeles Montreal Los Angeles Los Angeles Montreal

1968 1984 1968 1984 1984 1984 1972 1984 1976 1984 1984 1976

(PORI {USA)

Los Angeles Los Angeles

1984 1984

Carlos Lopez USA Team IGraddy, Brown, Smith, Lewis) USA Team IV. Matthews, R. Freeman, L. James, L. Evans) Gerd Wessig

(USA)

Mexico City

1968

(GDRI

Moscow

1980

Robert Beamon

(USA)

Mexico City

1968

Victor Saneyev

(URSl

Mexico City

1968

Wladyslaw Kozakiewicz

(POLl

Moscow

1980

Vladimir Kiselyov

lURSI

Moscow

1980

Mac Wilkins

(USA)

Montreal

1976

Yuri Sedykh

(URSI

Moscow

1980

Miklos Nemeth

(HUN'

Montreal

1976

Da/ey Thompson

(GB & NI)

Los Angeles

1984

BEST PERFORMANCES IN EVENTS WHERE WORLD RECORDS ARE NOT RECOGNISED j

(USA) (USA) (USA) (BRA) (GB & NI) (MAR) (FIN) (USA) (USA) (MEX) (MEX) ISWE)

21.10.84 18.4.83

183

GAMES Of THE XXlllrd OLYMPIAD LOS ANGELES RESULIS - MEN

OFFICIAL LIST Of OLYMPIC GAMES RECORDS - WOMEN lOOm 200m 400m 800m 1500m 3000m lOOm Hurdles 400m Hurdles 4 x lOOm Relay

10.97 21.81 48.83 1:53.43 3:56.56 8:35.96 12.56 54.61 41.60

4 x 400m Relay

3:18.29

High Jump

1.97m (6'5'!>") 7.06m (23'2") 22.41m (73'6'A") 69.96m 1229'6") 68.40m 1224'5") 6390

Long Jump Shot Discus Javelin Heptathlon

Evelyn Ashford Valerie Brisco-Hooks Valerie Brisco-Hooks Nadezhda OIizarenko Tatyana Kazankina Maricica Puica Vera Komisova Nawal El Moutawakel GDR Team lR. Muller, 8. Wiickel, I. Auerswald, M. Giihr) USA Team (l. Leatherwood, S. Howard, V. BriscoÂ·Hooks, C. Cheeseborough) Sara Simeoni

(USA) (USA) (USA) IURS) (URS) (ROM) lURS) (MAR) (GDR)

Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Moscow Moscow Los Angeles Moscow Los Angeles Moscow

1984 1984 1984 1980 1980 1984 1980 1984 1980

IUSA)

Los Angeles

1984

Italy

Moscow

1980

Tatiana Kolpakova

IURS)

Moscow

1980

1I0na Slupianek

lGDR)

Moscow

1980

Evelin Jahl

(GDR)

Moscow

1980

Maria Colon

(CUB)

Moscow

1980

Glynis Nunn

IAUS)

Los Angeles

1984

184

lOOm 1 Carl Lewis 2 Sam Graddy 3 Ben Johnson

USA USA CAN

9.99 10.19 10.22

400m Hurdles 1 Edwin Moses 2 Danny Harris 3 Harald Schmid

USA USA FRG

47.75 48.13 48.19

200m 1 CarlLewis 2 Kirk Baptiste 3 Thomas Jefferson

USA USA USA

19.800R 19.96 20.26

20km Walk 1 Emesto Canto 2 Raul Gonzalez 3 Maurizio Damilano

MEX MEX ITA

1:23:130R 1:23:20 1:23:26

400m 1 Alonso Babers 2 Gabriel Tiacoh 3 Antonio McKay

USA CIV USA

44.27 44.54 44.71

50km Walk 1 Raul Gonzalez 2 So Gustafsson 3 Sandro Belluci

MEX SWE ITA

3:47:260R 3:53:19 3:53:45

800m 1 Joaquim Cruz 2 Sebastian Coe 3 Earl Jones

1:43.000R 1:43.64 1:43.83

4 1 2 3

BRA GBR USA

1500m 1 Sebastian Coe 2 Steve Cram 3 Jose Abascal

3:32.530R 3:33.40 3:34.30

4 1 2 3

GBR GBR ESP

3000m Steeplechase 1 Julius Korir 2 Joseph Mahmoud 3 Brian Diemer

KEN FRA USA

8:11.80 8:13.31 8:14.06

High Jump 1 Dietmar Moegenburg 2 Patrik Sjoeberg 3 Zhu Jianhua

FRG SWE CHN

2.35 2.33 2.31

5000m 1 Said Aouita 2 Markus Ryffel 3 Antonio Leitao

MAR SUI POR

13:05.590R 13:07.54 13:09.20

10,000m 1 Alberto Cova 2 Michael McLeod 3 Mike Musyoki

Pole Vault 1 Pierre Quinon 2 Mike Tully 3 Earl Bell 3 Thierry Vigneron

FRA USA USA FRA

5.75 5.65 5.60 5.60

ITA G8R KEN

27:47.54 28:06.22 28:06.46

Marathon 1 Carlos Lopes 2 John Treacy 3 Charles Spedding

Long Jump 1 Carl Lewis 2 Gary Honey 3 Giovanni Evangelisti

USA AUS ITA

8.54 8.24 8.24

POR IRL GBR

2:09:21 2:09:56 2:09:58

110m Hurdles 1 Roger Kingdom 2 Greg Foster 3 Arto Bryggare

USA USA FIN

Triple Jump 1 AI Joyner 2 Mike Conley 3 Keith Connor

USA USA GBR

17.26 17.18 16.87

Shot Put 1 Alessandro Andrei 2 Michael Carter 3 Dave Laut

ITA USA USA

21.26 21.09 20.97

13.200R 13.23 13.40

185

lOOm Relay USA JAM CAN

37.830R/WR 38.62 38.70

400m Relay USA GBR NGR

2:57.91 2:59.13 2:59.32

r !

Discus Throw 1 Roll Dennenberg 2 Mac Williams 3 John Powell

FRG USA USA

Hammer Throw 1 Juha Tiainen 2 Kart-Hans Riehm 3 Klaus Ploghaus

FIN FRG FRG

66.60 66.30 65.46

Javelin Throw 1 Arto Haerkoenen 2 David Ottley 3 Kenth Eldenbrink

78.08 77.98 76.68

Oecathlon 1 Daley Thompson 2 Juergen Hingsen 3 Siegried Wentz

FIN GBR SWE GBR FRG FRG

86.76 85.74 83.72 87970R 8673 8412

WOMEN lOOm 1 Evelyn Ashlord 2 Alice Brown 3 Merlene Ottey·Page

USA USA JAM

400m Hurdles 1 Nawal El Moutawakel 2 Judi Brown 3 Cristina Cojocaru

10.970R 11.13 11.16

200m 1 Valerie Briscoe-Hooks 2 Florence Grilliths Merlene Ottey-Page

USA USA JAM

21.810R 22.04 22.09

400m 1 Valerie Briscoe-Hooks 2 Chandra Cheeseborough 3 Kathryn Cook

USA USA GBR

48.830R 49.05 49.42

MAR USA ROM

4 )( lOOm Relay 1 USA 2 CAN 3 GBR 4 1 2 3

800m 1 Doina Melinte 2 Kim Gallagher 3 Fita Lovin

ROM USA ROM

1:57.60 1:58.63 1:58.83

1500m 1 Gabriella Dorio 2 Doina Melinte 3 Maricica Puica

ITA ROM ROM

4:03.25 4:03.76 4:04.15

3000m 1 Maricica Puica 2 Wendy Sly 3 Lynn Williams

ROM GBR CAN

8:35.960R 8:39.47 8:42.14

Marathon 1 Joan Benoit 2 Grete Waitz 3 Rosa Mota

USA NOR POR

lOOm Hurdles 1 Benita Fitzgerald Brown 2 Shirtey Strong 3 Kim Turner

USA GBR USA

54.610R 55.20 55.41 41.65 42.77 43.11

)( 400m Relay USA CAN FRG

3:18;290R 3:21.21 3:22.98

High Jump 1 Ulrike Meylarth 2 Sara Simeoni 3 Joni Huntley

FRG ITA USA

2.02 2.00 1.97

Long Jump 1 Anisoara Stanciu 2 Vali lonescu 3 Susan Hearnshaw

ROM ROM GBR

6.96 6.81 6.80

Shot Put 1 Claudia Losch 2 Mihaela Loghin 3 Gael Martin

FRG ROM AUS

20.48 20.47 19.19

Discus Throw 1 Ria Stalman 2 Leslie Deniz 3 Florenta Craciunescu

HOL USA ROM

65.36 64.86 63.64

2:24.52 2:26.18 2:26:57

Javelin Throw 1 tessa Sanderson 2 Tiina Ullak 3 Fatima Whitbread

GBR FIN GBR

69.56 69.00 67.14

. 12.84 12.88 13.06

Heptathlon 1 Glynis Nunn 2 Jackie Joyner 3 Sabine Everts

AUS USA FRG

6390 6385 6363

lOOm 1 C. Lewis 2 C. Smith 3 E. King 4 A. Wells 5 J. Nunez 6 C. Haas 7 P. Narracott 8 D. Williams

USA USA USA GBR DOM FRG AUS CAN

10.07 10.21 10.24 10.27 10.29 10.32 10.33 10.36

200m 1 C. Smith 2 E.Ouow 3 P. Mennea 4 A. Wells 5 F. Envnelmann 6 I. Egbunike 7 C. Simionato 8 J da sava

USA USA ITA GBR GDR NGR ITA BRA

400m 1 B. Cameron 2 M. Franks 3 S. Nix 4 E. Skamrahl 5 H. Weber 6 T. Schonlebe 7 M Paul 8 G. Souza

5000m 1 E. Coghlan 2 W. Schildhauer 3 M. Vainio 4 D. Dmitriev 5 D. Padilla 6 T. Wessinhage 8 D. Millonig

IRE GDR FIN URS USA FRG ETH AUT

13:28.53 13:30.20 13:30.34 13:30.38 13:32.08 13:32.46 13:34.03 13:36.08

20.14 20.41 20.51 20.52 20.63 20.69 20.69 20.80

10,OOOm 1 I. Cava 2 W. Schildhauer 3 H. Kunze 4 M. Vainio 5 G. Shahanga 6 C. Lopes 7 N. Rose 8 C. Herte

ITA GDR GDR FIN TAN POR GBR FRG

28:01.04 28:01.18 28:01.26 28:01.37 28:01.93 28:06.78 28:07.53 28.09.05

JAM USA USA FRG FRG GDR IRL BRA

45.05 45.22 45.24 45.37 45.49 45.50 45.80 45.91

Marathon 1 R. de Castella 2 K. Balacha 3 W. Cierpinski 4 K·E. Stahl 5 A. Masong 6 A. Parrnentier 7 G. Poli Pier 8 H. Jones

AUS ETH GDR SWE TAN BEL ITA GBR

2:10:03 2:10:27 2:10:37 2:10:38 2:10:42 2:10:57 2:11:05 2:11:15

800m 1 W. Wuelbeck 2 R. Druppers 3 J. Cruz 4 P. Elliott 5 J. Robinson 6 A. Guimaraes 7 H·P. Ferner 8 D. Patrick

FRG HOL BRA GBR USA BRA FRG USA

1:43.65 1:44.20 1:44.27 1:44.87 1:45.12 1:45.46 1:45.74 1:46.56

3000m Steeplechase 1 P.lIg 2 B. Maminski 3 C. Reitz 4 J. Mahmoud 5 R. Hackney 6 G. Fell 7 J. Korir 8 H. Marsh

FRG POL GBR FRA GBR GBR KEN USA

8:15.06 8:17.03 8:17.75 8:18.32 8:19.38 8:20.01 8:20.11 8:20.45

1500m 1 S. Cram 2 S. Scott 3 S. Aouita 4 S. Ovett 5 J. Abascal 6 P. Deleze 7 A. Busse 8 D. Zdravkovic

G8R USA MAR GBR ESP SUI GDR YUG

3:41.59 3:41.87 3:42.02 3:42.34 3:42.47 3:43.69 3:43.72 3:43.75

lOOm Hurdles 1 G. Foster 2 A. Bryggare 3 W. Gault 4 M. McKoy 5 T. Munkelt 6 G. Bakos 7 V. Radev 8 S. Turner

USA FIN USA CAN GDR HUN BUL USA

13.42 13.46 13.48 13.56 13.66 13.68 13.73 13.82

7 W. Bultj

187

186 _.-

1st WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS IN ATHLETICS - HELSINKI, FINLAND AUGUST 7th - 14th, 1983 MEN

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400m Hurdles 1 E. Moses 2 H. Sehmid 3 A. Kharlov 4 S. Nylander 5 A. Phillips 6 D. lee 7 D. B. Amadou 8 R. Szparak

USA FRG URS SWE USA USA SWE POl

47.50 48.61 49.03 49.06 49.24 49.32 49.61 49.78

High Jump 1 G. Avdeenko 2 T. Peacock 3 J. Zhu 4 I. Pak,", 5 D. Moegenburg 6 D. Stones 7 C. Thraenhardt 8 V. Sereda

URS USA PRC URS FRG USA FRG URS

Pole Vault 1 S. Bubka 2 K. Volkov 3 A. Tarev 4 T. Slusarski 5 T. Hintnaus 6 P. Abada 7 M. Zalar 8 T. Vigneran

Shot Put 1 E. Sarul 2 U. Timmerman 3 R. Maehura 4 D. laut 5 I. Bojars 6 U. Beyer 7 A. Andrei 8 A. Akonniemi

POl GDR TCH USA URS GDR ITA FIN

21.39 21.16 20.98 20.60 20.32 20.09 20.07 19.85

2.32 2.32 2.29 2.29 2.29 2.29 2.26 2.26

Discus 1 I. Bugar 2 l. Delis 3 G. Valent 4 A. Huumonen 5 J. Schult 6 C. Kolnootehenko 7 J. Martinez 8 A. Burns

TCH CUB TCH FIN GDR URS CUB USA

67.72 67.36 66.08 65.44 64.92 64.74 64.26 63.22

URS URS BUl POl BRA FRA SWE FRA

5.70 5.60 5.60 5.55 5.50 5.50 5.50 5.40

Hammer Throw 1 S. litvinov 2 Z. Kwasmy 3 Y. Sedykh 4 I. Nikulin 5 G. ROdehau 6 K. Ploghaus 7 K·H. Riehm 8 E. Dyoulguerov

URS POl URS URS GDR FRG FRG BUl

82.68 81.54 BO.94 79.34 77.08 76.96 76.92 76.64

long Jump 1 C. lewis 2 J. Grimes 3 M. Conley 4 l. Szalma 5 N. Slekie 6 G. Honey 7 A. Corgos 8 Y. Alii

USA USA USA HUN YUG AUS ESP NGR

8.55 8.29 8.12 8.12 8.09 8.06 8.06 7.89

Triple Jump 1 Z. Hoffman 2 W. Banks 3 A. Agbebaku 4 M. Conley 5 V. Marinee 6 J. Cado 7 B. Bakosi 8 A. Joyner

Javelin 1 O. Miehel 2 T. Petranoff 3 D. Kula 4 H. Puuste 5 P. E. Ouen 6 K. Eldenbrink 7 Z. Adamec 8 K. Tafelmeier

GDR USA URS URS NOR SWE TCH FRG

89.48 85.60 85.58 84.56 83.54 83.28 81.30 80.42

POl USA NGR USA TCH TCH HUN USA

17.42 17.18 17.18 17.13 17.13 17.06 16.B3 16.76

4 x lOOm Relay 1 USA (King. Gault, Smith, lewis) 2 ITA ITilli, Simionato. Pavoni. Mennea) 3 URS IProkofiev, Sidorav, Muraviev. Bryzginl 4 GDR 5 FRG 6 POl 7 JAM B FRA 4 x 400m Relay 1 URS ILovaehev, Troshchilo, Chernetsky, Markin! 2 FRG (Skamrahl, Vaihinger, Schmid, Weber) 3 GB & NI (Bennet, Cook. Bennet, Brown! 4 TCH 5 ITA 6 USA 7 SWE POl

37.86

38.37

38.41

38.51 38.56 38.72 3B.75 3B.98

3:00.79

20km Walk 1 E. Canto 2 J. Pribilinee 3 E. Evsiukov 4 J. Marin 5 G. lelievre 6 P. Blazek 7 M. da Milano 8 G. Leblane

MEX TCH URS ESP FRA TCH ITA CAN

1:20:49 1:20:59 1:21:08 1:21:21 1:21:37 1:21:54 1:21:57 1:22:04

50km Walk 1 R. Weigel 2 J. Marin 3 S. lung 4 R. Salonen 5 R. Gonzalez 6 .F. lapointe 7 A. Bellucci 8 V. Oorovskikh

GDR ESP URS FIN MEX CAN ITA URS

3:43:08 3:46:42 3:49:03 3:52:53 3.53:51 3:53:57 3:55:38 3:56:02

3:01.83

3:03.53

3:03.90 3:05.10 3:05.29 3:08.57 Disq.

;,-

188

189 --------------- -------._---

1st WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS IN ATHLETICS - HELSINKI - FINLAND AUGUST 7th - 14th, 1983 WOMEN

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lOOm 1 M. Gohr 2 M. Koch 3 D. Williams 4 M. Ottey 5 A. Bailey 6 H. 7 A. Taylor E. Ashford

GDR GDR USA JAM CAN FIN CAN USA

10.97 11.02 11.06 11.19 11.20 11.24 11.30 DNF

3000m 1 M. Decker 2 B. Kraus 3 T. Kazankina 4 S. Ulmasova 5 W. Sly 6 A. Possamai 7 J. Fumiss 8 N. Artemova

USA FRG URS URS GBR ITA GBR URS

8:34.62 8:35.11 8:35.13 8:35.55 8:37.06 8:37.96 8:45.69 8:47.98

200m 1 M. Koch 2 M. Dttey 3 K. Cook 4 F. Griffith 5 G. Jackson 6 A. Nouneva 7 A. Bailey 8 E. Kasprszyk

GDR JAM GBR USA JAM BUl CAN POl

22.13 22.19 22.37 22.46 22.63 22.68 22.93 23.03

Marathon 1 G. Waitz 2M. Dickerson 3 R. Smekhnova 4 R. Mota 5 J. Gareau 6 l. Fogli 7 R. Joyce 8 T. Toivonen

NOR USA URS POR CAN ITA IRE FIN

2:28:09 2:31:09 2:31:13 2:31:50 2:32:35 2:33:31 2:33:52 2:34:14

40Dm 1 J. Kratochvilova 2 T. Kocembova 3 M. Pinigina 4 G. Bussmann 5 M. Payne 6 I. Baskakova 7 D. Rubsam 8 R. Bryant

TCH TCH URS FRG CAN URS GDR USA

47.99 48.59 49.19 49.75 50.06 5Q.48 50.48 50.66

lOOm Hurdles 1 B. Jahn 2 K. Knabe 3 G. Zagortcheva 4 N. Petrova 5 S. Strong 6 E. Bisserova 7 C. Riefstahl 8 B. Fitzgerald

GDR GDR BUl URS GBR URS GDR USA

12.35 12.42 12.62 12.67 12.78 12.BO 12.94 12.99

800m 1 J. Kratochvilova 2 l. Gurina 3 E. Podkopaeva 4 M. Klinger 5 R. Campbell 6 D. Melinte 7 M. Matejkovicova 8 A. Schroeder

TCH URS URS FRG USA ROM TCH GDR

1:54.68 1:56.11 1:57.58 1:58.11 2:00.03 2:00.13 2:01.72 2:02.13

400m Hurdles 1 E. Fesenko 2 A. Ambrazene 3 E. Fiedler 4 P. Pfaff 5 P. Krug 6 A·l. Skoglund 7 S. Morlev 8 C. Cojocaru

URS URS GDR GDR GDR SWE GBR ROM

54.14 54.15 54.55 54.64 54.76 54.80 56.04 56.26

1500m 1 M. Decker 2 Z. Zajtseva 3 E. Podkopaeva 4 R. Agletdinova 5 W. Sly 6 D. Melinte 7 G.Oorio 8 B. McRoberts

USA URS URS URS GBR ROM ITA CAN

4:00.90 4:01.19 4:02.25 4:02.67 4:04.14 4:04.42 4:04.73 4:05.73

High Jump T. Bykova 2 U. Meyfarth 3 l. Ritter 4 C. Sommer 5 K. Brandt 6 D. Brill 7 S. Helm 8 O. Juha

URS FRG USA USA GDR CAN GDR HUN

2.01 1.99 1.95 1.95 1.92 1.88 1.88 1.88

190

long Jump 1 H. Daute 2 A. Cusmir 3 C. lewis 4 T. Proskuriakova 5 B. Kinch 6 Z Venyek 7 E. Murkova 8 R. lorraway Shot Put 1 H. Fibingerova 2 H. Knorscheidt 3 I. Slupianek 4 N. Abashidze 5 N. lisovskaya 6 M. loghin 7 C. losch 8 M. Sarria Discus 1 M.Opitz 2 G. Murashova 3 M. Petkova 4 T. Hristova 5 G. Beyer 6 Z. Si/hava 7 R. Stahlman 8 M. Ritchie Javelin 1 T. Lillak 2 F. Whitbread 3 A. Verou/i 4 T. Sanderson 5 E. Raduly·Zorgo 6 T. laaksalo 7 B. Peters 8 M. C. Colon

GDR ROM USA URS GBR HUN TCH AUS

TCH GDR GDR URS URS ROM FRG CUB GDR URS BUl BUl GDR TCH HOl GBR FIN GBR GRE GBR ROM FIN FRG CUB

7.27 7.15 7.04 7.02 6.93 6.81 6.80 6.65 21.05 20.70 20.56 20.55 20.02 19.85 19.72 19.47

68.94 67.44 66.44 65.62 65.26 64.32 63.76 62.50 70.82 69.14 65.72 64.76 63.86 62.44 62.42 62.04

191 -----.

Heptathlon 1 R. Neubert 2 S. Paetz 3 A. Vater 4 S. Everts 5 V. Dimitrova 6 E. Smimova 7 G. Nunn 8 T. Hidding 4 x lOOm Relay 1 G.R.R. {G/adisch, Koch, Auerswald, Giihr/ 2GB&NI IBaptiste, Cook, Callender, Thomas) 3 JAM (Hodges, Pusey, Cuthbert, Ottey) 4 BUl 5 CAN 6 USSR 7 FRA 8 TCH 4 x 400 Relay 1 GDR {Walther, Busch, Koch, Rubsaml 2 TCH (Kocembova, Moravcikova, Matejkovicova, Kratochvilova/ 3 USSR (Korban, Ivanova, Baskakova. Piniginal 4 CAN 4 USA 6 FRG 7 BUl 8 ROM

GDR GDR GDR FRG BUl URS AUS HOl

6714 6662 6532 6398 6362 6321 6195 6155 41.76 42.71

42.73

42.93 42.05 43.22 43.40 43.78 3:19.73

3:20.32

3:21.16 3:27.41 3:27.57 3:29.43 3:30.36 3:35.61

NOTES

196