IAAF HandBook 1988-1989 by The Marshal

A SELECTION OF I.A.A.F. PUBLICATIONS: JANUARY 1988 LA.A.F. Handbook 1988/9 English/French £4.oop+p I.A.A.F. Magazine/Newsletter - U.K. £30.00 (12 issues per year) Overseas/Surface Mail £40.00 New Studies in Athletics - U.K. Surface Mail £12.00 (4 issues per year Rest of World/Surface $20.00 sent from Italy) Europe/Air $24.00 Rest of the World/ Air $26.00 LA.A.F. Combined Events Scoring Tables (1985 Edition) £2.00 LA.A.F. Walking Competitions Scoring Tables (1987 Edition) £2.00 I.A.A.F. Directory/Calendar 1988 £4.00 LA.A.F. World Records £10.00 LA.A.F. 70 Golden Years Book (English & French) (p+p = £1.50) £12.50 lOO Golden Moments - I.A.A.F. 75 Years History of Track and Field Athletics (English and French) (p+p =£1.50) £20.00 198711nd World Championships Statistics Handbook £6.00 AFfS International Track & Field Annual 1987 £9.95 LA.A.F.lMobil Grand Prix fiinal Standings 1986 £4.00 Development Programme Publications Book I - A Basic Coaching Manual Book 2 - Athletics Officiating - 2nd Edition (English or French) Book 5 - Athletes in Action (p+p = £I .00) Women's Track & Field Athletics (p+p = £I .00)

I \

r I

== > Z

£2.50 £2.00 £14.00 £6.00

== 0 0

TRACK DESIGNS l3b Athletic Arena - Standard Lay-out 15b Track Markings and Staggered Starts 23b Steeplechase Courses 1500m, 2000rn and 3000m COACHING POSTERS - with explanatory leaflet Colour: Middle Distance, High Jump, Long Jump, Triple Jump, Discus, Javelin, Walking, General Warm-Up Programme, Specific Warm-Up Programme Black & White Sprint Start, Sprint Run, Long Distance, High Jump, Javelin, Discus, Pole Vault, Hammer, IIOm Hurdles, Shot/Orthodox, Shot/Rotational

£1.75 £1.75 £1.75

INTERNATIONAL

i\MATEUR

i\ T H LET

£2.00

QC QC

£1.50

PIease ask the LA.A.F. Publications Department for a complete list of publications and prices. including postage. Please add SOp per item for Surface Mail. Air Mail rates are available on request and Pro Forma invoices can be given.

FEDERATION

HANDBOOK

When ordering please send payment with order, either by - Cheque drawn on a Bank in the UNITED KiNGDOM by INTERNATIONAL MONEY ORDER or by POSTAL ORDER, made payable to the LA.A.F.

'C "

"' _ _ .

1988

- 1989

INTERNATIONAL AMATEUR ATHLETIC FEDERATION FOUNDED IN 1912

OFFICIAL HANDBOOK 1988/89 (First Edition)

President:

PRIMO NEBIOLO

Honorary Life Vice-Presidents:

MAX DANZ JOAO C. DA COSTA FREDERICK HOLDER

Honorary Life Personal Members

LEE MORRISON JOZSEF SIR

Vice- Presidents:

LEONID KHOMENKOV OLLAN CASSELL LAMINE DIACK ARNE LJUNGQVIST

Honorary Treasurer.;

ROBERT STINSON

General Secretary: Bureau Address: Cables: Telephone: Telex:

JOHN B. HOLT 3 Hans Crescent, Knightsbridge, London SWIX OLN "Marathon" London S. W.l. 01 (London) 581 8771

296859/919149/263471/9419338 IAAF HQ

Facsimile:

01 5897373 or 01 5895907

----------

CONTENTS

FOREWORD Rules

DIVISION I Foreword The Federation History Council Technical Committee Women's Committee Cross Country and Road Running Committee Walking Committee Medical Committee Veterans' Committee Arbitration Panel International Technical Officials Panel of Walking Judges LA.A.F. Veterans Areas and List of Member Federations DIVISION II Constitution of the I.A.A.F. Eligibility and Amateur Status

Page 3

6 12 14 15 16 16 17 18 19 20 21 23 28

1-20 51-54

DIVISION III General- Age Groups International Officials Competition Rules (General) Running Events Jumping Events Throwing Events Walking Events Combined Events Competition World Record Events World Junior Record Events

101-102 105-128 138-151 160-167 171-174 181-186 191 195 199 200

80 80 92 113 135 149 175 178 180 181

DIVISION IV Indoor International Competitions World Indoor Record Events

201-295 299

182 196

LIST OF LA.A.F. RULES ...

197 2

It is 3 years since the last IAAF Handbook appeared, due to Âˇthe change in our Congress cycle; for this reason I particularly welcome the appearance of the 1988-89 Handbook, given the many changes in our Constitution and Technical Rules since the last publication. Again, I welcome the fact that this Edition will appear not only in English and French but also in Spanish for the first time, to benefit our many Spanish speaking Members. We have just bade farewell to the greatest 12 months of athletics in our 75 years history, and 1987 was justifiably called the "International Year of Athletics". The activity was breathtaking with seven major lAAF competitions, numerous Continental championships., high quality Grand Prix and Permit Meetings and a very full programme of Development Aid. On top of this, August saw the staging of our largest ever Congress with 157 Members gathered in Rome. The 2nd World Championships from 29 August to 6 September 1987 confirmed beyond doubt that the lAAF took the correct decision in 1980, when it decided to create separate World Championships outside the Olympic Games. We were also right in creating the World Indoor Championships which were brilliantly inaugurated in March in Indianapolis. Warsaw (Cross Country), Seoul (World Marathon Cup), New York (World Walking Cup) and Monte Carlo (l5km Women's Road Race) are all to be congratulated for their valuable contribution to the Year of Athletics, as indeed are all the Organising Committees over the pastthree years. Special mention must be made of the Grand Prix system which, at the end of its third year, is now a well established feature of our season. A measure of the success of the Grand Prix .is that in 1987, 820 athletes from 54 countries participated in one or more of the 16 constituent meetings.

Outside the sphere of competItion, the IAAF has taken further initiatives in the fight against doping, by toughening punishments, increasing tests and announcing a major preventive campaign, putting more onus on our National Federations to conduct tests during and outside the competition period. Now at the beginning of 1988, we start a new period of activity, with the realisation that our sport has added to its traditional values a new popularity, placing it side by side with football as the most popular public sport. Of course, this brings with it additional responsibilities, to be tackled with renewed commitment in every field - technical, competitions, scientific, coaching and promotional. 1988 will be an historic year in another sense, for, as this Handbook dearly shows, we are now truly one athletics family, with all Members having the same voting powers and Congress rights. I believe this important democratic change will be of benefit to us in future years and will induce a greater sense of unity among our membership. As we all know, 1988 is the year of the Olympic Games for all sports and particularly for Track and Field athletics. The IAAF will never cease to stress its total commitment to the Olympic cause, and ardently hopes for a fully attended Olympic Games, which can once again be a real and total celebration of sport and people. This new Handbook details our 181 Member Federations, our Council, Committees, Walking Judges and International Officials, and it is my duty to thank them all, together with the lAAF staff, for their part in the organisation and administration of our sport throughout the world. We can be proud of our large membership, and, by working together in the coming period, I know we can continue to make progress and keep our Federation in the forefront of world sport. I conclude by expressing the hope that this Handbook for 1988/1989 will be welcomed in all countries and will act as a useful and visible link in the huge chain for our worldwide athletics family. Dr. Primo Nebiolo President

January 1988 4

HISTORY

The three Foundation Years 1912-1914 Over 70 years ago, on July 17th, 1912, two days after the last athletics event of the Olympic Games, a Congress was held in Stockholm for the formation of an International Federation for Amateur Athletics. The following 17 countries were represented at this historic meetings:- Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Norway, Russia, Sweden, United Kingdom and the United States. There was an urgent need for an international governing body for Athletics owing to the development of international contests and the Olympic Games. A universal code of rules and regulations and a common amateur definition acceptable throughout the world had become essential, as well as an authentic register of World and Olympic Records. Though this meeting in Stockholm was, strictly speaking, an exploratory one, records of the LA.A.F. regard it as the first Congress and subsequent Congresses up till the 36th in Rome in 1987 have been designated accordingly. One year later in Berlin (1913), Congress accepted the first Constitution and 34 Nations figured in the first Membership list. J. Sigfrid Edstrom (Sweden) was elected President and Kristian Hellstrom Honorary Secretary. The first Technical Rules for international competitions were presented in 1914 at the third Congress in Lyons, France, by the new Honorary Secretary, Hilding Kjellman (Sweden), and Members were urged to adopt similar rules for their domestic competitions. The International Olympic Committee As early as 1921, the LA.A.F. was in close contact with the LO.C., and our fourth Congress was held that year in Geneva immediately before the LO.C. Congress at the same venue. Co-operation with the LO.C. and Olympic Games Organising Committee to ensure the successful staging of athletics events at the Olympic Games has in fact always been a major feature of the LA.A.F.'s activity. A new dimension to our Olympic links with other International sporting bodies was added in 1985 when the Association of Summer Olympic Federations (ASOIF) was created with IAAF President, Dr. Primo Nebiolo, being elected as the first President of the new body. 6

World Records In the inaugural list of World Records published in 1914, there were 53 Men's records for Running, Hurdling and Relay Racing, 30 for walking and 12 for Field Events, including the Decathlon. No records for women existed at that time. Since then, changes have been made, so that the list is now considerably altered. A major change was made at the XXXth Congress in Montreal, when Imperial distances were deleted. Since January 1st, 1977 therefore, the only Imperial distance accepted is the 1 Mile (Men and Women). There are now 23 Men's records for Running, Hurdling and Relays, plus 4 Walking events and 9 Field events, including the Decathlon. The Women's World Record List comprises 21 for Running, Hurdling and Relays, 2 for Walking events, and 6 for Field events, including the Heptathlon. In 1987, World Records for Junior Men and Junior Women were inaugurated and also the first list of World Indoor Records was published, again for Men and Women. Details of all World Record events are to be found in Divisions III and IV of this handbook. Athletics for Women By 1924, a separate Federation governing Women's Athletics had been founded, the F.S.F.I. At the Paris Congress (1924) the LA.A.F. supported the F.S.F.L request for the inclusion of five Women's events in the Amsterdam Olympic Games - lOOm, 800m, 4 x lOOm, High Jump and Discus. Since these early days, Women's athletics has continued to produce ever-improving performances in ever greater depth. The 3000m, 1O,000m, 400m Hurdles and lOkm Walk are the latest World Championship events, the latter event being currently on request as an Olympic event. In addition, the marathon is proving ever more popular as a race for women, being a distance for which they show special aptitude in comparison with men's performances. The Development programme has recently focused on Women's track and field with specialist symposia in 1987 in Nairobi and Monte Carlo. Photo-finish and Electrical Timekeeping In 1926, the K.N.A.U. (Netherlands) presented the first "slow motion" apparatus for photo-finish judging, eliminate the human factor from finish judging and timing. This was used in 1928 at the Amsterdam Games, and in 1930 electrically timed performances were accepted for World Record purposes. Since January 1977, for 7

- -

----

1 records up to and including 400 metres, only performances timed by fully automatic electrical timing have been accepted. Since January 1st, 1981 for all races up to 1O,000m inclusive, times are recorded to 1/ l00th of a second when electrically timed. I.A.A.F. Honours The award of the Veteran Pin was instituted in 1928, with 12 initial recipients. Further honours were created in 1981 and these are detailed in Rule 7.

Doping Controls At the Amsterdam Congress also, the first Doping Rule was approved and incorporated in the Handbook. Doping Control is now, sadly, a feature of all major Games and Championships and here again the LA.A.F. and the LO.C. are working together to establish control laboratories in all continents, a step which it is hoped will lead to fewer and fewer athletes and coaches adopting this unfair and harmful practice Race Walking The present definition for Walking - "Walking is progression by steps so taken that unbroken contact with the ground is maintained" - was accepted by the 1928 Congress, and this remains the basis on which Judges evaluate race walkers. Women's race walking is slowly gaining ground, and the creation of a World Cup named after the first venue (Eschborn) has encouraged new countries to extend their walking programme for women. The 10,OOOm Walk for Women have also featured from 1985 in all major IAAF Cups, Games and Championships.

responsibility, a position he held for 17 years until Frederick Holder succeeded him in 1970. At the 1976 Montreal Congress, Adriaan Paulen succeeded Lord Exeter as President, "Fred" Holder was re-elected Honorary Treasurer and the new Council appointed John Holt as General Secretary. Upon the retirement of Adriaan Paulen in 1981, after 5 eventful years, Dr. Primo Nebiolo (Italy) became the LA.A.F. President, only the fourth person to hold this Office in 70 years. Robert Stinson was elected Honorary Treasurer at the Los Angeles Congress. The steady growth of the Federation in the years up to 1960 accelerated in the next three decades and, by the end of 1987, Member countries in affiliation number 181.

l.A.A.F. Officers In 1930, Bo Ekelund (Sweden) became the third Honorary Secretary-Treasurer - a post he held until 1946. A prominent member of the Rules and Records Committee at that time was Avery Brundage, later to become LO.C. President. This was the body then responsible for keeping World Records, and this task fell principally to Szilard Stankovits (Hungary) who was also largely responsible for the decision to stage the fIrst European Championships (1934, Turin). In 1946, the LA.A.F. Headquarters moved from Stockholm to London when Lord Burghley (later to become the Marquess of Exeter) took over from J. Sigfrid Edstrom as President. E. J. H. "Billy" Holt was Honorary Secretary-Treasurer until after the 1952 Helsinki Olympic Games, when Donald Pain took over this

Regional Development Continental and Regional Games and Championships, which help in assessing overall progress and provide an incentive to all countries within the group, continued to develop. From their foundation in 1934, the European Championships were under the control of the European Committee of the LA.A.F. At the 1968 Congress, however, the Constitution was amended to provide for the setting up of Continental Area Associations within the LA.A.F. similar to the South American Confederation which has successfully operated, for the benefit of athletics in South America, since the early 1920's. The European Athletic Association (E.A.A.) was formed in 1969, its Constitution being ratified at the 1970 LA.A.F. Congress. The expanded European athletic programme now includes Indoor and Junior Championships, the European Cup, European Marathon Cup and Combined Events Cup. The statutes of the Oceania Regional Group were approved at the Munich Congress (1972) and those of the African Amateur Athletic Confederation (A.A.A.C.) and the Asian Amateur Athletic Association (A.A.A.A.) were approved by the Rome Congress (1974). A further major change in the Constitution in 1968 was to include in the Council a representative of each of the six Contirtental Areas, elected by the Members in those area Groups. This ensures truly worldwide representation in the Council, the size of which was increased in 1976 to 19, with the addition of four Vice-Presidents. In 1984, the Council was further increased to 21, and to 23 in 1987. Amateurism The Eligibility Rules have come under close scrutiny in recent years, and Rules 14 to 18 in the present Handbook are the result of

9 -""1

-----

considerable amendments approved by the Rome (1981) and Athens (1982) Congresses. It was decided to retain the word "amateur" in the title of the LA.A.F. but a new definition (see Rule 51) puts the word in a more realistic context. Advertising within the Arena and on the athletes themselves is now allowed, under strict control, and the revised Rule 18 details these conditions.

Development Aid Development aid activities continue, and an increasingly widespread development programme has been undertaken in 1986 and 1987 with over 100 Courses and other activities, as well as numerous new publications - films, videos and posters. The IAAF now has an enlarged development aid staff, and co-operation with the Olympic Solidarity programme is proving most beneficial for both parties. Seventy-Five Years Anniversary The Seventy-Five Years Anniversary was celebrated in 1987 in Rome in conjunction with our 2nd World Championships. Over 150 Member Federations attended a special Anniversary gathering, commemorated by a superb historic film entitled "100 Golden Moments". They were joined by over 50 great World Champions from the past, Government Ministers and celebrity guests, induding the IOC President, H. E. Juan Antonio Samaranch. A lavishly illustrated history book to accompany the special Film was published and copies of the film may be obtained on video. At every IAAF Competition in 1987, numbering 24 in all, special memorabilia packs have been issued to all athletes and officials, and finally in a glittering conclusion to the year, the 2nd World Athletics Gala took place in Monte Carlo in December, with 1987 World Champions and World Record breakers being included among the 400 guests.

In 1987, the eyes of the Sporting World were focused from August 29 to September 6 on Rome where the 2nd World Championships were staged. 157 Member Federations sent athletes to the Italian capital, and performances were of the highest level, with 2 world records, 29 continental and over 100 national records set. These Championships marked the zenith of the IAAF philosophy to support athletes and officials by paying accommodation and travel costs, and the Italian Athletic Federation (FIDAL) is to be congratulated on the friendlY and efficient welcome given to athletes, officials, media and invited guests. Since 1985, the following World events have been organised by the IAAF, representing an unprecedented increase in international athletics activities:-

1985 January March April September October October November

World Indoor Games World Cross Country World Marathon Cup IAAF/Mobil Grand Prix Final World Race Walking Cup World Cup World 15km Road Race (W)

Paris Lisbon Hiroshima Rome Isle of Man Canberra Gateshead

World Cross Country World Junior Championships IAAF/Mobil Grand Prix Final World Challenge Road Relay World 15km Road race (W)

Neuchatel Athens Rome Hiroshima Lisbon

1986 March July September November November

1987

World Cup and World Championships In 1985, in addition to the annual Cross Country World Championships and the bi-annual World Cup for Race Walking (Lugano Trophy and Eschborn Cup), the fourth Athletic World Cup, at which all the continents were represented, was staged with great success and panache before a full Bruce Stadium in Canberra, Australia, on October 4, 5 and 6. The fact that this major World Cup took place in Oceania was a justified reward for the athletes from "down under" who normally have themselves to travel long distances to our competitions.

March 1st World Indoor Championships Indianapolis March World Cross Country Warsaw April World Marathon Cup Seoul May World Race Walking World Cup New York September 2nd World Championships Rome September lAAF/Mobil Grand Prix Final Brussels November World 15km Road Race (W) Monte Carlo These competitions, old and new, linked with the ever increasing athletic activity organised in all continents by IAAF Members, underlines the constant aim of the IAAF - to establish closer links between itself and national governing bodies, and to increase the liaison between leaders in all parts of the world for the benefit of the Sport.

COUNCIL Primo NEBIOLO - ITA - (President) Via Tevere 11 A, 00198 Rome, Italy. Leonid KHOMENKOV - URS - (Senior Vice-President) clo The Light Athletic Federation of the USSR, Luzhnetskaja Naberezhnaja, 8, Moscow 119270, USSR. Ollan C. CASSELL - USA - (Vice-President) clo The Athletic Congress of the USA, P .0. Box 120, Indianapolis, Indiana 46206-0120, USA. Lamine DIACK - SEN - (Vice-President) B.P. 86, Dakar, Senegal. Arne UUNGQVIST - SWE - (Vice-President) Lillhagsvagen 4, S-18246 Enebyberg, Sweden. H. Robert H. STINSON - GBR - (Honorary Treasurer) Bulkeley Cottage, Englefield Green, Egham, England.

Members Hassan AGABANI - SUD - (Africa Area Group Rep) p.a. Box 1525, Khartoum, Sudan. Essa AL-DASHTI - KUW - (Asia Area Group Rep) clo Olympic Council of Asia, p.a. Box 6706. Postal Code: 32042, Hawally, State of Kuwait. Hanji AOKI - JPN Nippon Rikujo-Kyogi Renmei, 1-1-1 Jinnan, Shibuya-Ku, Tokyo 150, Japan. Helio BABO - BRA R. Antonio Basilio, 449 - apto 301, Tijuca 20511, Rio de Janeiro, R.J. Brazil. Juan Manuel DE HOZ - ESP Santa Engracia No. 52, 28010 Madrid, Spain. Arthur R. P. EUSTACE - NZL - (Oceania Area Group Rep) p.a. Box 845, Nelson, New Zealand Amadeo I. D. FRANCIS - PUR- (North & Central America Area Group Rep) Box 8134, Santurce, Puerto Rico 00910. Pedro J. GALVEZ - PER - (South America Area Group Rep) Calle 22, Nro. 160-Urb Corpac, Lima 41, Peru. Istvan GYULAI - HUN 1810 Budapest, Szabadsag Ter 17, Hungary. Carl-Olaf HOMEN - FIN - (Europe Area Group Rep) Forsbacka, 02780 Espoo 78, Finland. 12

Alberto JUANTORENA DANGER - CUB clo Federacion Cubana de Atletismo, Calle 13 No: 601, Zona Postal 4, Vedado, Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba. August KIRSCH - FRG Bernard-Eyberg Strasse 23, 5060 Bergisch-Gladbach I, Federal Republic of Germany. Dapeng LOU - CHN . cia Athletic Association of the People's Republic of China, 9 Tiyuguan Road, Beijing, China. Charles MUKORA - KEN P .0. Box 30134, Nairobi, Kenya. Mauriee R. NICHOLAS - SIN 26 Windsor Park Road, District No. 2057, Republic of Singapore. Artur TAKAC - YUG SOFK, Deligradska 27, 11000 Beograd, Yugoslavia. Georg WIECZISK - GDR clo Deutscher Verband fUr Leichtathletik der DDR, 1055 Berlin, Storkower Strasse 118, G.D.R.

Officers to the Council Luciano BARRA - ITA (Assistant to the President) clo FIDAL; Via Tevere 1IA, 00198 Rome, Italy. John B. HOLT - GBR - (General Secretary) IAAF, 3 Hans Crescent, Knightsbridge, London SWIX OLN, England.

NOTICE Every January, the IAAF publishes its annual DIRECTORY/CALENDAR, which provides fuller information on Council and Committee Members, National Federations, Area Associations, etc. Included in the DIRECTORYICALENDAR are telex, telephone, cable, telefax numbers, Officers of all Federations. The IAAF and Regional Athletics Calendar for the year and for future years where known and much additional useful information is also included. The Directory/Calendar may be obtained from the IAAF Bureau price Â£4.00 13 i

TECHNICAL COMMITTEE Carl-Gustav TOLLEMAR - SWE - (Chairman) Edsbergsgrand 12, 12657 Hagersten, Sweden. *Robert BLANCHET - FRA "Les Rives d'Oise", 16, rue Andre Messager, 95630 Meriel, France. Erich BREMICKER - FRG Rubensstr. 25, 6700 Ludwigshafen, Federal Republic of Germany. Roberto GESTA DE MELO - BRA Avenida 7 de Setembro, 874,69005 - Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. AI GUY - IRL 12 Knocknashee, Dublin 14, Ireland. Robert HERSH - USA 92 Club Drive, Roslyn Heights, New York 11577, USA. Tapani ILKKA - FIN cia Suomen Urheiluliittb, Radiokatu 12, SF - 00240 Helsinki, Finland. Chang Keun KIM - KOR cia Korea Amateur Athletic Federation, P.O. Box 566, K.W.M. Seoul, Korea. Joachim KREBS - GDR cia Deutscher Verband fUr Leichtathletik der DDR, 1055 Berlin, Storkower Strasse 118, GDR. Jesus MOLINA HERNANDEZ - CUB c/o Federacion Cubana de Atletismo, CalIe 13 No. 601, Zona Postal 4, Vedado, Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba. Salvatore MORALE - ITA c/o FIDAL, Via Tevere 1/A, Rome 00198, Italy. Cesar MORENO BRAVO - MEX Cerro San Andres 136-3, 04200, D.F. Mexico. Robert OUKO - KEN P.D. Box 55354, Nairobi, Kenya. Oleg RIAKHOVSKY - URS c/o Light Athletic Federation of the USSR, Luzhnetskaja Naberezhnaja 8. 119270 Moscow, USSR. P. SOLOMON - MA.L P.D. Box 58,05700 Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia. Viktor TRKAL - TeH CS-182 00 Praha 8, Vrsni 39, Czechoslovakia. Etienne WANTE - BEL Oude Straat 67, Sjekene, Belgium. Denis WILSON - AUS 8 Tullaroop Street, Duffy, ACT 2611, Australia. Emanuel ROSE - DEN - (Honorary Member) Rolighedsvej 22, DK 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.

WOMEN'S COMMITTEE Mrs. Ilse BECHTHOLD - FRG - (Chairman) Cretzschmarstr. 15, D-600 Frankfurt/Main-90, Federal Republic of Germany. *Mrs Denise BLANCHET - FRA "Les Rives d'Dise", 16 rue Andre Messager, 95630 Meriel, France. G. Piero CASCIOTTI -::- ITA Via Caio Canuleio, No. 172, Rome, Italy. Mrs. Ruth FUCHS - CDR c/o Deutscher Verband fUr Leichtathletik der DDR, 1055 Berlin, Storkower Strasse 118, G.D.R. Miss Abby HOFFMAN - CAN clo CTFA, 355 River Road, 'Tower B', Vanier City, Ottawa, Ontario KIL 8Cl, Canada. Mrs. Lia MANOLIU - ROM c/o Federatia Romana de Atletism, Str. Vasile Conta 16, 70139 Bucuresti, Romania. Ms Amelia Fretti de MARZO - ARC Estanislao .Zeballos 151, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina. Ms Marlene MATHEWS - AUS R.F. - N.S.D., 17th Floor, S1. Martin's Tower, 31 Market Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. Mrs. Agnes MWAGIRU - KEN University of Nairobi, Games Department, P.O. Box 57579, Nairobi, Kenya. Dr. George I. OGAN - NGR Teme Klinik Association, P.O. Box 369, Portharcourt, Nigeria, West Africa. Mrs Pat RICO - USA 89 Lexington Drive, Croton-on-Hudson, N.Y. 10520, U.S.A. Mrs. Erika STRASSER - AUT Lessingstrasse 31, 4020 Linz/Donau, Austria. Mrs. Irena SZEWINSKA - POL 05-092 Lomianki, uI. Wislana 52, Poland. Mrs. Yoshiko TANAKA - JPN clo Nippon Rikujo-Kyogi Renmei, 1-1-1 Jinnan, Shibuya-Ku, Tokyo 150, Japan. Miss Marea HARTMAN - GBR - (Honorary Member) clo Women's A.A.A., Frands House, Frands Street, London SWIP IDE, England.

CROSS-COUNTRY AND ROAD RUNNING COMMITTEE OUo KLAPPERT - FRG - (Chairman) Platanenallee 7, 4750 Unna, Federal Republic of Germany. Leslie T. BRADSHAW - NZL 2 Rata St., Ravensbourne, Dunedin, New Zealand. Carlos CARDOSO - POR c/o Portuguesa de Atletismo, Av Infante Santo 68-70, ElF 1.300 Lisboa, Portugal. Hiroaki CHOSA - JPN c/o Nippon Rikujo-Kyogi Renmei, 1-1-1 Jinnan, Shibuya-Ku, Tokyo 150, Japan. Robert M. DALGLEISH - GBR 48 Gartons Road, Glasgow, G21 3HY, Scotland. Mrs. Doris HERITAGE - USA Athletic Department, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, WA 98119, U.S.A. *Michel MARMION - FRA 10 rue Louis Vicat, 75015 Paris, France. Giuseppe MAS:fROPASQUA -ITA Piazzale Giovine Italia, 3, 20123 Milano, Italy. Miguel Angel PAREDES - PAR Casilla de Correo 2660, Kubitschek, 390 Asuncion, Paraguay. *Rafael PUIGNAU - ESP Zabaleta 54-7Â°, 2002 San Sebastian, Spain. *Jamal SIMOHAMED - ALG Rue Abmed Ouaked, Villa No. 6, Dely Ibrahim, Alger, Algeria. Eddie SPILLANE - GDR 3 Innishmaan Road, Whitehall, Dublin 9, Ireland. *Maciej WAWRZYKOWSKI - POL Karlowicza 1/7m.6, 02-501 Warszawa, Poland. WALKING COMMITTEE Palle LASSEN - DEN - (Chairman) Biilowsvej 40,3., DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. Robert R. BOWMAN - USA 51 Chatsworth Court, Oakland, California 94611, U.S.A. Jacobo BRECARAU - ECU P.O. Box 3303-4567, Explanada Estadio Modelo (Av. de las Americas), Guayaquil, Ecuador. Pablo COLIN - MEX clo Federacion Mexicana de Atletismo, Puerto Numero 9, Ciudad Deportiva 08010, Mexico 8 DF.

Georg FRISTER - GDR c/o Deutscher Verband fUr Leichtathletik der DDR, 1055 Berlin, Storkower Strasse 118, G.D.R. Soliman HAGAR - EGY c/o Egyptian Amateur Athletic Federation, 13 Kasr El Nil Street Cairo, Egypt. ' V. KANGASPUNTA - FIN c/o Suomen Kavelyurheiluliitto, Radiokatu 12, SF - 00240 Helsinki, Finland. Peter MARLOW - GBR Old Maltings, Hockerill Street, Bishops Stortford, Hertford3 shire, CM23 2ED. Viacheslav SAMOTESOV - URS clo Light Athletic Federation of the USSR, Luzhnetskaja Naberezhnaja 8, 119270 Moscow, USSR. Bertil SJOBERG - SWE Hagavagen 4, S-171 53 SOLNA, Sweden. Ray Smith - AUS 22/72 Patterson Street, Middle Park, Victoria 3206, Australia. Giuliano TOSI - ITA Via Guelta 44, Firenze, Italy. ZHAO Yaping - CHN c/o Athletic Association of the People's Republic of China, 9 Tiyuguan Road, Beijing, China.

MEDICAL COMMITTEE Prof. Arne LJUNGQVIST - SWE - (Chairman) Lillhagsvagen 4, S-18246 Enebyberg, Sweden. *Prof. Dr. Waldemar ARENO - BRA Estrada do Joa 2618 - Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro 22.600, Brazil. Dr. Maakoto ASANO - JPN 1-4-21 Kichijoji, Highashimachi Musashinoshi 180, Tokyo, Japan. Prof. Arnold H. BECKETT - GDR Dept. of Pharmacy, King's College London, Chelsea Campus, Manresa Road, London SW3 6LX, England. Prof. Gian Martino BENZI -ITA Istituto di Farmacologia, Piazza Botta 11, 27100 Pavia, Italy. Dr. Harmon BROWN - USA . 345 Bowfin Street, Foster City, CA 94404, U.S.A. 17

----

---

---------------

Prof. Dr. Manfred DONIKE - FRG c/o Deutsche Sporthochschule Koln, lnstitut fUr Biochemie, Carl-Diem-Weg 2, Postfach 450 327, 5000 Koln 41, Federal Republic of Germany. Dr. David F. GERRARD - NZL Student Health Service, University of Otago, Box 56, Dunedin 9001, New Zealand. Dr. Manfred HOPPNER - GDR clo Deutscher Verband fur Leichtathletik der DDR, 1055 Berlin, Storkower Strasse 118, G.D.R. Dr. Manikavasagam JEGATHESAN - MAL 28 Jalan Derumun, 50490 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. *Dr. Virginia MIKHAYLOVA - BUL c/o Federation Bulgare d' Athletisme, bd. Tolbukhine 18, Sofia, Bulgaria. Prof. Dr. Jose M. ODRIOZOLA - ESP Departamento de Bioquimica, Facultad de Quimicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid - 28040, Spain. Prof. Pekka PELTOKALLlO - FIN Kuorekuja 8 C, 02170 Espoo 17, Finland. Dr. Amadou Lamine THIAM - SEN Federation Senegalaise d'Athletisme, BP 1737, Dakar, Senegal. Dr. Grigori WOROBIEW - URS c/o The Light Athletic Federation of the USSR, Luzhnetskaja Naberezhnaja 8, 119270 Moscow, U.S.S.R.

VETERANS COMMITTEE Hans B. SKASET - NOR - (Chairman) Olav Aukrusts veg 58F, 0390 Oslo 3, Norway. HaDs AXMANN - FRG Eichendorffstrasse 2c, D-8800 Ansbach, Federal Republic of Germany. Cesare BECCALLI - ITA IMITT, Via Martinetti 7, 20147 Milano, Italy. Robert S. BOAL - USA 121 W. Sycamore Avenue, Wake Forest, NC 27587, U.S.A. Miss Bridget CUSHEN - GBR 156 Mitcham Road, West Croydon, Surrey, England. Clem L. GREEN - NZL 46 Hargreaves Street, Wellington 2, New Zealand. 18

- - - -

*Col. Pascal MOU ASSIPOSSO MACKONGUY - CGO BP 1222, Brazzaville, Republique Populaire du Congo. *Hugo Mario La NASA - ARG c/o Confederacion Argentina de Atletismo, Boulevard Irigoyen 396,3260 Concepcion del Uruguay, Entre Rios, Rpca Argentina. Shuhei NISHIDA - JPN 7-7-2 Shimoda-cho, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa-pref. 223, Japan. Sidney PIETER - AHO clo Nederlands Antilliaanse Atletiek Unie, c/o H. Prince, Santa Rosaweg 22, Willemstad Curacao, Netherlands Antilles. Yilmaz SAZAK - TUR clo Yuksel Construction Co. Inc. Denizciler Caddesi No. 18, Ulus Ankara, Turkey. ARBITRATION PANEL Peter ALKALAY - USA 68, Stratton Road, Scarsdale, NY 10583, U.S.A. Assane Bassirou DIOUF - SEN c/o Com Supreme, Dakar, Senegal. Hon. R. J. ELLlCOTT Q.C. - AUS 16th Floor, Wardell Chambers, 39 Martin Place, Sydney, Australia. Jorge FRANCO - COL Calle 16 Nro. 9-64 Piso 40, Bogota, Colombia. Mrs. Evelin HERBERG - GDR c/o Deutscher Verband fUr Leichtathletik der DDR, Storkower Strasse 118, 1055 Berlin, GDR. Lauri TARASn - FIN Yliskylankaari 5 A 3, 00840 Helsinki, Finland.

INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL OFFICIALS AHO FIN A. Minguel Ms T. HaapaniemiALG Koskinen S. A. Lounnas T. Ilkka J. Simohamed E. Uotila FRA ARG C. L. Marzo P. Benard AUS Ms. D. Blanchet B. Roe R. Blanchet FRG D. Wilson AUT E. Bremicker R. Gusenbauer M. Gein Ms E. Strasser K. H. Steinhoff GBR BEL E. Wante H. K. Davies BRA M. Farrell E. Bezerra A. Lindop R. Gesta de Melo GDR BUL J. Krebs Mrs. T. Chabanska C. Rosenow V. Koltchev D. Wachtel CAN GUA K. M. Porter M. B. Jacome L. R. Washburn GUY CRN C. H. Blackmore Z. Shiheng HOL Q. Zutan B. Kappenburg CUB W. Van der Sluys E. B. Arocha HUN J. A. Perez P. Erdelyi J. Molina Hernandez I. Matrahazi DEN M. Nyerges O. Facius ISL M. Jensen B. Gudjonsson ESP IND G. Abad S. P. Pillai R. Docal R. Tawde J. R. Pascual V. K. Verma ETH IRL N. Roba A. Ouy B. King

ITA F. Bertolotti T. Campedelli S. Morale JPN A. Matsuoka K. Sakurai

KEN I. Kiplagat R.Ouko J. Velzian KOR C-K Kim LIB Ms C. Chehab A. Sebaali LUX M. Jung MAL N. A. Baskaran N. Chandran P. Solomon MAR A. Ettannani MEX C. Moreno Bravo G. Troncoso Ms. M. Roman MRI V. Gungaram NOR E. Gulliksen Ms E. Lund Hansen

NZL N. Coop R. Syme A. Taylor NGR A. K. O. Abu

PAN F. Amador Ruiz PER H. Alzamora Garcia PHI R. Constantino POL J. Bogobowicz J. Jackowski POR J. Moreira J. Salcedo PUR V. Lopez R.Oliver U. Tirado ROM N. Marasescu A. Paraschivescu

SEN M. Diallo L. Thiam SIN G. V. Abraham A. Y. S. Beng SUO M. Saeed Mahgoub SUI M. Basler C. pfister H. Schomo SWE A. Lennart Julin C-G. Tollemar

TAN

K. Abdullah E. Suius

TCH A. Ihring B. Rusina V. Trkal

TPE

B-F. Cheng T-L. Tsai TUN S. Add URS Y. Karpiuk O. Riakhovsky Y. Tselebritsky V. Vajvads

USA J. Chaplin P. Henson R. Hersh Ms P. Rico YUG Z. Prochaska

PANEL OF INTERNATIONAL WALKING JUDGES ARG R. P. Aguilera J. L. De la Canale AUS R. Cruize A. Johnson D. M. Keane M. Patterson (Ms) R. C. Smith E. F. Wilson AUT H. Franz BEL R. Maury N.Opsomer J. Vanderhaeghen BRA J. C. Goncalves

BUL D. Marinov V. Vladimirov B. J. Yanev CAN L. Oiordano A. Marrone (Ms) N. Marrone K. Merschenz D. Walker CRN Z. Yaping CUB J. Lopez Garcia J. Diaz Rodriguez

TeH

V. Martinkovic L. Moc

Z. Trefny V. Vagner F. Voboril DEN J. Hannecke (Ms) P. Lassen EGY W. S. A. Rahman FIN K. Astrom A. Froberg (Ms) S.Immonen V. Kangaspunta P. Tarkkanen FRA J. Chartier M. Coubard J. Dahm

L. Ghesquiere (Ms) F. Herbert GRE N. Hadjiyannis N. Lagoyannis E. Siskos GDR G. Frister J. Kriiger D. Lehmann (Ms) G. Rosenow FRG J. Kraemer R. Mueller D. Pawlak GDR G. Brown F. Denny A. Hall R. Holland F. James P. Marlow R. Smith R. Wells G. Wish (Ms) J. Wish HUN 1. Havasi S. Kovacs J. Szabo ISR 1. Austin L. Rabinowitz J. Sawitski ITA L. Bracescu P. Castiglione D. D'Ascola L. Favati A. Romano G. Tosi

V. Vacchi W. Zanellini

LUX

C. Sowa MAL K. Balanchandran S. Vegiyathuman MEX J. F. Infante' Elizarrazaz A. Navarro Monsalvo HOL J. Van Leeuwen NZL D. B. Chadderton C. E. J. Cook L. F. Gerrie G. T. Harvie E. R. Pilkington N. R. Read NOR D. Gassand J. Guttulsrod H.Nymark H. Persson P. Straus B. Tindlund PAN F. Alderette POL W. Kirkor J. Krynicki A. Markowski R. Markowski M. Rduch (Ms) J. Zerko ROM L. Kavaiosofoglu I. Popa SIN D. de Sousa 22

ESP D. C. Husillos G. Montagut SWE T. Dahllof R. Johansson R. Nilsson (Ms) R. Nilsson A. Ohlander A.Ohlsson A. Thureson SUI H. Dobeli F. Meregalli L. Marquis TRI

H. R. Lee E. A. Pierre URS O. Barsh A. Fruktov V. Golubnichy A. Issurin A. Kharbarov V. Lakhov A. Polozkov V. Samotesov V. Soldatenko USA F. Alongi R. Bowman R. Daniel E. Denman R. Hickey D. Hickman (Ms) R. Kitchen L. K. Larson B. McDonald M. Rudow G. Westerfield

VETERANS OF THE I.A.A.F. Elected Hassan Agabani (Sudan). Yusef Ahmed AI-Sai (Qatar) Essa AI-Dashti (Kuwait). Ahmad AI-Rashdan (Kuwait) Abdullah AI-Suhaibani (Saudi Arabia) Hanji Aoki (Japan) Waldemar Areno (Brasil) Charouk Arirachkaran (Thailand) Alhaji Arogundade (Nigeria). Richard Ashenheim (Jamaica). Robert Atlasz (Israel). Harold I. Austad (New Zealand). Helio Babo (Brazil). Kaare Bakken (Norway) Fernando Bautista (Philippines) Mrs. Ilse Bechthold (F.R.G.) Eduardo Bernal (Argentina) Karl Beuermann (F. R. G.) Jerzy Bogobowicz (Poland). Emanuel Bosak (Czechoslovakia). lan Boyd (New Zealand) Ollan Cassell (U .S.A.). Raphael Cavero (Spain). Hiroaki Chosa (Japan) Joao C. da Costa (Brazil). Nits Dahlman (Finland). Max Danz (F.R.G.). Pierre Dasriaux (France). Emiel Declerck (Belgium). Juan Manuel De Hoz (Spain). Lamine Diack (Senegal). Roger Dubief (France). Rudolf Dusek (Czechoslovakia). Om Eidsson (Iceland) Arthur Eustace (New Zealand) Felix Faber (Guinea) Victor Firea (Rumania). Enrique Figuerola (Cuba). Karamoko Fofana (Ivory Coast) Amadeo Francis (Puerto Rico). Jean Frauenlob (Switzerland). Georg Frister (GDR) Pedro Galvez (Peru). Arthur Gold (G.B. & N.!.).

1972 1987 1982 1984 1987 1968 1986 1986 1980 1980 1966 1964 1980 1987 1984 1984 1984 1970 1980 1970 1987 1982 1976 1986 1960 1982 1962 1970 1974 1982 1976 1968 1978 1987 1986 1987 1980 1974 1987 1978 1978 1986 1970 1970

Elected 1984 1976 1962 1987 1972 1972 1982 1976 1987 1968 1976 1972 1964 1978 1978 1960 1982 1976 1984 1962 1968 1966 1950 1980 1972 1987 1982 1987 1982 1987 1976 1980 1974 1982 1982 1987 1976 1987 1974 1986 1982 1976 1986 1987 1960

Victor Goyers (Belgium) Abraham Green (Israel). Giovanni Guabello (Italy). Solimar Hagar (Egypt) Miss Marea Hartman (nB. & N.!.). Frederick W. Holder (G.B. & N.!.). lan Hume (Canada). Hans Jaeger (F.R.G.). Si Mohamed Jamel (Algeria) Axel Jorbeck (Sweden). Frans Jutte (Netherlands). Vilem Kanturek (Czechoslovakia). Leonid Khomenkov (U.S.S.R.). August Kirsch (F.R.G.). Gurbaksh Singh Kler (Malaysia). Karel Knenicky (Czechoslovakia). Mahmoud Lasheen (Eygypt). Palle Lassen (Denmark). Clive Lee (Australia) Stan. G. Leeder (New Zealand). Armando Libotte (Switzerland). Jacob Lindahl (Sweden). Bo Lindman (Sweden). Arne Ljungqvist (Sweden). Mrs. Doris Magee (Australia). Mrs. Maria Malezewska (Poland) Michel Marmion (France). Carlo Marzo (Argentina) Raul Maturana (Chile). Herbert McKenley (Jamaica) Henri Meley (France). A. Ossie Melville (New Zealand). Cesar Moreno (Mexico). Pascal Mouassiposso (Congo). A. Lee Morrison (Australia). Ridha Mrad (Tunisia) Charles Mukora (Kenya). Hugo Mario La Nasa (Argentina) Primo Nebiolo (Italy). Sam Nelson (Ghana) Maurice Nicholas (Singapore). Dimiter Nikolov (Bulgaria). Bernard Nottage (Bahamas) Haj Noudir (Morocco) George Oberweger (Italy).

Elected 1976 1984 1974 1987 1962 1986 1978 1982 1972 1987 1984 1970 1982 1976 1962 1968 1982 1962 1987 1946 1974 1978 1976 1978 1987 1987 1982 1972 1987 1980

Mikio Oda (Japan). Samuel Ongeri (Kenya) Abraham Ordia (Nigeria). Miguel Angel Paredes (Paraguay) Jal Pardivala (India). Rafael Puignau (Spain) Erich Pultar (Austria). Vladimir Rodichenko (U.S.S.R.). Emanuel Rose (Denmark). Levan Sanadze (U.S.S.R.) Austin Sealy (Barbados) Erhard Schoeber (G.D.R.). Jose C. Sering (Philippines). S. Umrao Singh (India). Jozsef Sir (Hungary). Kee Chung Sohn (Korea). Otto Symiczek (Greece). Artur Takac (Yugoslavia). Melesse Tedesse (Ethiopia) Olav Tendeland (Norway). Todor Todorov (Bulgaria). Jukka Uunila (Finland). Armas Valste (Finland). Peter Vukovic (Yugoslavia). Leroy Walker (USA) Etienne Wante (Belgium) Maciej Wawrzykowski (Poland). Georg Wieczisk (G.D.R.). Xia Xiang (P.R. China) Seiko Yasuda (Japan). DECEASED H. H. King Gustav VI AdolfofSweden. Harold M. Abrahams (G.B. & N.I.). Kinichi Asano (Japan) Sir Harry J. Barday (G.B. & N.!.) William M. Barnard (G.B. & N.I.) Harold Berliner (U.S.A.) Avery Brundage (U.S.A.). Friedrich Burger (F.R.G.). Nils Carlius (Sweden) J. E. Chryssafis (Greece). Emile Clemme (Belgium).

Elected 1934 1948 1958 1928 1928 1962 1946 1930 1976 1930 1952

Deceased Ernest H. L. Clynes (G.B. & N.I.). Jack C. G. Crump (G.B. & N.I.). Jack W. Davies (Canada). Charles J. Dieges (U.S.A.). Carl Diem (F.R.G.). Bo Ekelund (Sweden) J. Sigfrid Edstrom (Sweden). Leopold Englund (Sweden). Tage Ericson (Sweden). The Marquess of Exeter (G.B. & N.I.). John Falchenberg (Norway). Daniel I. Ferris (U.S.A.). C. Forys (Poland). J. Genet (France). Francis Guilleux (France). Kristian Hellstrom (Sweden). Edouard Hermes (Belgium). Arthur J. Hodsdon (Australia). ErnestJ. H. Holt (G.B. & N.l.). Murray Hulbert (U.S.A.). Evan A. Hunter (South Africa). Ludwig Jail (F.R.G.). G. Jurgenson (France). Nicolai Kalinin (U.S.S.R.) Hiromu Kasuga (Japan). Uhro Kekkonen (Finland) Gustavus T. Kirby (U.S.A.). S. Kishi (Japan). Hilding Kjellman (Sweden). Jukka Lehtiaen (Finland). Joe B. MacCabe (U.S.A.). E. S. Marks (Australia). Paul Mericamp (France). J. G. Merrick (Canada). Justus W. Meyerhof (F.R.G.). Lauri Miettinen (Finland). loe Moerman (Netherlands). F. A. Moran (Eire). Naili Moran (Turkey). Dino Nai (Italy) Mogens Oppegaard (Norway). Donald T. P. Pain (G.B. & N.l.) Adriaan Paulen (Netherlands) Lauri Pihkala (Finland). Franz Reichel (France).

Elected 1964 1958 1964 1932 1930 1946 1928 1928 1952 1950 1946 1952 1964 1928 1964 1964 1948 1966 1946 1932 . 1946 1972 1948 1956 1966 1952 1928 1932 1928 1972 1928 1932 1932 1930 1930 1946 1974 1948 1958 1952 1950 1956 1950 1928 1928

Deceased Karl Ritter von Halt (F.R.G.). Oscar Rosenvinge-Kolderup (Norway). Mme Z. Romanova (U.S.S.R.) F. W. Rubien (U.S.A.). Johannes Runge (F.R. G.). G. V. A. Schofield (G.B. & N.I.). Jean R. Seurin (France). Pincus Sober (V .S.A.). G. D. Sondi (India). Hans Stahl (F.R.G.) Szilard Stankovits (Hungary). Pasquale Stassano (Italy). Peter Stepanenko (U.S.S.R.). Hans Sulak (Czechoslovakia). Robert M. Thompson (U.S.A.). Pierre Tonelli (France). T. Tulikoura (Finland) Hugh Weir (Australia). Harold Whitlock (G.B. & N.I.) Hermann Wraschtil (Austria). Bruno Zauli

Elected 1960 1930 1960 1932 1930 1930 1950 1966 1948 1976 1928 1970 1968 1976 1928 1958 1966 1956 1966 1928 1954

I.A.A.F. CONTINENTAL ASSOCIATIONS AFRICA African Amateur Athletic Confederation (A.A.A.C.). President: L. Diack, P.G. Box 86, Dakar, Senegal. Secretary General: G. Coulibaly, P.O. Box 88, Dakar, Senegal. ASIA Asian Amateur Athletic Association (A.A.A.A.). President: S. Yasuda, DAl 4 Bunsei Bldg. 703, 7-10-9 Akasaka, Minato-Ku, Tokyo 107, Japan. Hon. Secretary/Treasurer: M. Nicholas, 26 Windsor Park Road, Rep. of Singapore, District No.: 2057. EUROPE European Athletic Association (E.A.A.). President: c-o. Homen, Forsbacka 02780, Espoo 78, Finland. Hon. Secretary: P. Dasriaux, 22 rue Eugene Jumin, 75019, Paris, France.' Hon. Treasurer: J. Frauenlob, 110 chemin de la Montagne, 1224 Chene-Bougeries, Geneva, Switzerland. NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA Representative on LA.A.F. Council A.LD. Frands, Box 8134, Santurce, Puerto Rico 00910 P.R. Hon. Secretary: L Delgado, Box 8134, Santurce, Puerto Rico 00910 GCEANIA Oceania Amateur Athletic Association President: C. D. Lee, clo N.S.W. A.A.A., P.O. Box NIOI, Grosvenor Street, Sydney, N.S.W. 2000, Australia. Hon. Secretary/Treasurer: A. R. Eustace, P .0. Box 845, Nelson, New Zealand. SOUTH AMERICA Confederaci6n Sudamericana de Atletismo. President: Vice Admiral P. J. Galvez, Hon. Secretary: C. de Vinatea, CSA Bureau, Calle 22 No. 160 Urb Corpac Lima 27, Peru.

LIST OF MEMBERS (AFG) =Offical abreviation - (1930) = Year of foundation. AFGHANISTAN (AFG) Republic of Afghanistan National (1930) Olympic Committee, Kabul, Afghanistan. Federation Albanaise d'Athletisme, ALBANIA (ALB) Rruga Kongresi 1 Permetit 41, (1930) Tirana, Albania. ALGERIA (ALG) Federation Algerienne d' Athletisme, (1963) Maison des Federations Sportives. B. P. 88 EI-Biar, Alger, Algeria. American Samoa Amateur Athletic AMERICAN SAMOA (AMS) (1976) Association, P.O. Box 2365, Pago Pago, American Samoa 96799. Federacio Andorrana d'Atletisme, ANDORRA (AND) Carrer Sant Antoni, 5, Ent. D. ANGOLA (ANO) Angolana de Atletismo, (1976) Rua Major Canhangulo 3A-3B, Caixa Postal Nr. 2521-C, Luanda, Rep. Pop. de Angola. Anguilla Amateur Athletic Association ANGUILLA (ANG) The Valley, Anguilla, W.L (1978) ANTIGUA (ANT) Antigua and Barbuda Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 972, AND BARBUDA (1960) St. John's, Antigua. ARGENTINA (ARG) Confederacion Argentina de (1954) Atletismo, Boulevard Irigoyen 396, (3260) Concepcion del Uruguay, Entre Rios, Argentina. ARUBA (ARU) Arubaanse Atletiek Bond, P.O. Box (1963) 700, Oranjestad, Aruba, West Indies. AUSTRALIA (AUS) Australian Athletic Union, P.O. Box 254, Moonee Ponds, Victoria (1897) 3039, Australia. AUSTRIA (AUT) Osterreichischer Leichtathletik(1902) Verband, Vienna 1040, Prinz Eugenstrasse 12, Austria. BAHAMAS (BAH) Bahamas Amateur Athletic (1952) Association, P.G. Box, S.S. 5517, Nassau, Bahamas.' Bahrain Amateur Athletic Association, BAHRAIN (BHR) (1974) P.O. Box 29269, Manama, State of Bahrain. 29

BANGLADESH (BAN) (1973) BARBADOS (BAR) (1947) BELGIUM (BEL) (1889) BELIZE (BIZ) (1956) BENIN (BEN) (1960)

BERMUDA (BER) (1946)

BHUTAN (BHU) 1972 BOLIVIA (BOL) (1929) BOTSWANA (BOT) (1972) BRAZIL (BRA) (1914) BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS (BVI) (1972) BRUNEI (BRU) (1953) BULGARIA (BUL) (1924) BURKINA FASO (BKF) (1961) BURMA (BIR) (1947) BURUNDI (BUR) (1960)

Bangladesh Amateur Athletic Federation, Room 33 National Stadium, Dhaka-2, Bangladesh. Amateur Athletic Association of Barbados, P .0. Box 46, Bridgetown, Barbados, West Indies. Ligue Royale Beige d'Athletisme (K.B.A.B.), Rue Saint Laurent 14-16, (Bolte 16) 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium. Belize Amateur Athletic Association, B.P. 747, Belize City, Belize, Central America. Federation Beninoise d' B.P. 030573, Cotonou, Benin. Bermuda Track & Field Association P.O. Box DV397, Devonshire, Bermuda DVBX. Bhutan Athletic Federation, P.O. Box 103, Thimphu, Bhutan. Federaci6n Atletica de Bolivia, Calle Mexico No. 1638, Casilla 7864, La paz Bolivia. Botswana Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 1404, Gaborone, , Botswana. Brasileira de Atletismo, Av. Gras:a Aranha, 81-Grupo 808/811, 20030 - Rio de Janeiro, (R.J.) Brazil. British Virgin Islands Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 35, Road Town, Tortola, B.V.I. Brunei Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 22, Seri Complex Post Office, Bandar Seri Begawan, Negura Brunei Darussalam. Federation Bulgare d' Athletisme, boul - Tolbukhine 18, Sofia, Bulgaria. Federation Bukinabe d'Athletisme, B.P. 772, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Burma Track & Field Federation Aungsan Memorial Stadium, Mingalataungnyunt Township, Rangoon Division 11221, Burma. Federation d'Athletisme du Burundi, c/o Departement des Sports, B.P. 1095, Bujumbura, Burundi. 30

CAMEROONS (CMR) (1959) CANADA (CAN) (1889) CAYMAN ISLANDS (CAY) (1976) CENTRAL AFRICAN EMPIRE (CAF) (1962) CHILE (CHI) (1917) CHINA-PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF (1924) (CHN) COLOMBIA (COL) (1937) . COMORES (CaM) (1979) CONGO (CGO) (1962) COOK ISLANDS (CKI) (1962) COSTA RICA (CRC) (1960) CUBA (CUB) (1922) CYPRUS (1983)

(CYP)

CZECHOSLAVAKIA (TCH) (1897)

Federation Camerounaise d'Athletisme, B. P. 353 Yaounde Republique du Cameroun. Canadian Track and Field Association 355 River Road, Tower "B", Vanier City, Ottawa, Ontario KIL 8Cl, Canada. Cayman Islands Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 527, George Town, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands, British West Indies. Federation Centrafricaine Amateur, B.P. 445, KM5, Bangui, Republique Centrafricaine. Federacion Atletica de Chile, Calle Santo Toribio 660, Casilla 820, Santiago de Chile, Chile. Athletic Association of the People's Republic of China, 9 Tiyuguan Road, Beijing, China. Federacion Colombiana de Atletismo, Calle 16, No. 9-64, Oficina 404, Apartado Aereo 6024, Bogota, Colombia. Federation Comorienne d'Athletisme, B.P. 1333 Moroni, Comores. Federation Congolaise d' Athletisme, B.P. 2158, Brazzaville, Republique Populaire du Congo. Cook Islands Amateur Athletic Association (Ine)., p.a. Box 569, Rarotonga, Cook Islands. Federacion Costarricense de Atletismo Aficionado (FECOAA), p.a. Box 5009-1000, San Jose, Costa Rica. Federacion Cubana de Atletismo, Calle 13 No: 601, Zona Postale 4, Vedado, Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba. The Amateur Athletic Association of Cyprus, Evagoras Ave, Hadzisavvas Building 2D/13, Nicosia, Cyprus. Ceskoslovensky Atleticky svaz, Na Porici 12, 115 30 Praha 1 Czechoslovakia. 31

Dansk Athletik Forbund, Idraettens Hus, Brondby Stadion 20, DK-2605 Brondby, Denmark. Federation d'Athletisme de la D1IBOUTI (D1I) Republique de Djibouti, BP 16, (1982) Djibouti, Republique de Djibouti. Dominica Amateur Athletic DOMINICA (DMN) Association, P.O. Box 435, Roseau, (1985) Commonwealth of Dominica, West Indies. Federaci6n Dominicana de Atletismo DOMINICAN Aficionado, Estadio Olimpico "Juan REPUBLIC (DOM) Pablo Duarte", Santo Domingo D.N., (1953) Republica Dominicana. Federaci6n Ecuatoriana de Atletismo, ECUADOR (ECU) Explanada Estadio Model0 (Av. de las (1925) Americas), P.O. Box 3303-4567, Guayaquil, Ecuador. Egyptian Amateur Athletic Federation EGYPT (EGY) 13 Kasr El Nil Street, Cairo, Egypt. (1910) EQUATORIAL GUINEA Federation Equato-Guinneenne, (GEQ) c/o Ministerio de Educacion y Deportes, Malabo, Equatorial Guinea.. ETHIOPIA (ETH) Ethiopian Athletic Federation, Addis Ababa Stadium, (1961) P.O. Box 3241, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Fiji Amateur Athletic Federation, FIJI (F11) (1949) G.P.O. Box 1175, Suva, Fiji. FINLAND (FIN) Suomen Urheilulitto, Radiokatu, SF-00240 Helsinki, Finland. (1906) Federation FRANCE (FRA) d'Athletisme, 10 rue du Faubourg Poissonniere, (1920) 75480 Paris Cedex 10, France. Federation Gabonaise d'Athletisme GABON (GAB) B.P. 2266 Libreville, Republique (1961) Gabonaise. THE GAMBIA (GAM) The Gambia Amateur Athletic Association, clo P.O. Box 72, Banjul, (1960) The Gambia, West Africa. Deutscher Verband fUr Leichtathletik GERMAN der DDR, 1005 Berlin, Storkower DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC (GDR) Strasse 118, G.D.R. (1950) Deutscher Leichtathletik Verband, FEDERAL REPUBLIC Julius-Reiber-Strasse 19, P.O. Box 11 OF GERMANY (FRG) (1898) 02 74, D-6100 Darmstadt, Federal Republic of Germany. DENMARK (DEN) (19()7)

GHANA (GHA) (1944) GIBRALTAR (GIB) (1954) G.B. & N." (GBR) (1932) GREECE (GRE) (1897) GRENADA (GRN) (1924) GUAM (GUM) (1976) GUATEMALA (GUA) (1945)

GUINEA (GUI) (1959) GUYANA (GUY) (1948) HAITI (HAI) (1969) HONDURAS (HON) (1951) HONG KONG (HKG) (1951) HUNGARY (HUN) (1897)

Ghana Amateur Athletic Association, Sports Council of Ghana, P .0. Box 1272, Accra, Ghana. Gibraltar Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 483, Alert House, Gibraltar. British Amateur Athletic Board. Francis House, Francis Street, London SWIP IDL, England. Association Hellenique d'Athletisme Amateur (SEGAS), 137 Avenue Syngrou, Athenes 17121, Greece. Grenada Amateur Athletic & Cycling Association, P.O. Box 419, St. George's, Grenada, Wl. Guam Amateur Sports Federation, P.O. Box 21815, GMF Guam, MI96921, U.S.A. Federaci6n Nacional de Atletismo, Palacio de los Deportes, Guatemala Ciudad, Zona 4, Republica de Guatemala, C.A. Federation Guineenne d'Atletisme Amateur, P.O. Box 1923, Conakry, Republique de Guinee. Amateur Athletic Association of Guyana, P.O. Box 10133, Georgetown, Guyana. Federation Haitienne d'Athletisme, P.O. Box 1021, 113 Rue des Miracles, Port-au-Prince, HaIti, W." Federaci6n Nacional Deportiva Extraescolar de Honduras, Apartado Postal 331, Tegucigalpa, D.C., Honduras, c.A. Hong Kong Amateur Athletic Association, G.P.O. Box 280, Hong Kong. Magyar Szovetseg, 1143 Budapest, D6zsa, Gyorgy ut.l-3, Hungary. 33

ICELAND (lSL) (1947) INDIA (IND) (1946)

INDONESIA (INA) (1950) IRAN (IRN) (1936)

IRAQ (IRQ) (1957) IRELAND (IRL) (1937) ISRAEL (ISR) (1931) ITALY (ITA) (1906) IVORY COAST (CIV) (1960) JAMAICA (JAM) (1932) JAPAN (JPN) (1925) JORDAN (JOR) (1961) KENYA (KEN) (1951) KHMER (KHM) (1936) KOREA (KOR) (1945)

Frjalsiprottasamband Islands, P .0. Box 1099, Reykjavik, Iceland. Amateur Athletic Federation of India, Room No: 1l48A, Gate No. 28, East Block, Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Lodhi Complex, New Delhi-llOOO3, India. Persatuan Atletik Seluruh Indonesia (PASI). Jalan Menteng Raya 72, Jakarta Pusat, Indonesia. Amateur Athletic Federation of Islamic Republic of Iran, Mobarezan Islam Ave, Shahid Shiroudi Stadium, Varzandeh Street No. 10, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. Iraqi Amateur Athletic Federation, c/o Iraqi National Olympic Committee, P.O. Box 441, Baghdad, Iraq. Bord Luthchleas Na h'Eireann, 11 Prospect Road, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland. Israeli Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 4575,4 Marmorek Street, Tel-Aviv 61044, Israel. Federazione Italiana di Atletica Leggera, Via Tevere 11A, Rome 00198, Italy. Federation Ivoirienne d' Athletisme, . Boulevard Lagunaire, B.P. 2844, Abidjan 01, Ivory Coast. Jamaica Amateur Athletic Association P.O. Box 272, Kingston 5, Jamaica, West Indies. Nippon Rikujo-Kyogi Renmei, I-I-I, Jinnan, Shibuya-Ku, Tokyo, 150, Japan. Jordan Amateur Athletic Federation. P.O. Box 413, Amman, Jordan. Kenya Amateur Athletic Association, Nyayo National Stadium, Nairobi West P.O. Box 46722, Nairobi, Kenya. Federation Khmere d'Athletisme To be announced. Korea Amateur Athletic Federation, P.O. Box 566, K.W.M. Seoul, Korea. 34

Amateur Athletic Association of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Munsin-Dong 2, Dongdaewon Dist., Pyongyang, DPR Korea. Kuwait Athletic Federation, Post Box KUWAIT (KUW) 5499, Safat (Code: 13055), Kuwait. (1957) Federation Lao d'Athletisme, co LAOS (LAO) Direction des Sports, Stade National, (1958) B.P. 268, Vientiane, R.D.P. Laos. Federation Libanaise d' Athletisme, LEBANON (LIB) (1945) P.O. Box 1665, Jounieh, Lebanon. Lesotho Sports Council, P.O. Box 138, LESOTHO (LES) (1931) Maseru, Lesotho. Liberian Track & Field Federation, LIBERIA (LBR) P .0. Box 3264, Monrovia, Liberia. (1955) Jamahiriya Amateur Athletic LIBYA (LBA) Federation, P.O. Box 879, Tripoli, (1962) Libya. LIECHTENSTEIN (LIE)' Liechtensteiner Turn-und Leichtathletikverband, FL-9493 (1936) Mauren, Nr. 453, Liechtenstein. LUXEMBOURG (LUX) Federation Luxembourgeoise d'Athletisme, B.P. 1055, L-lOlO, (1928) Luxembourg. Macao Athletic Federation, Macao MACAO (MAC) Mong Har Stadium, Macao Red (1987) Market, P.O. Box 6127, Macao. MADAGASCAR (MAD) Comite National de Coordination (1962) d' Athletisme de Madagascar, B.P. 3370, Antanawarivo, Madagascar. MALAWI (MAW) Amateur Athletic Association of (1967) Malawi, P.O. Box 1079, Blantyre, Malawi. Malaysia Amateur Athletic Union, MALAYSIA (MAL) Tingkat 3, Bangunan MABA, Jalan (1906) Re-formed 1963 Hang Jebat, 50150 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Athletics Association of Maldives, MALDIVES (MLD) (1983) c/o Maldives Olympic Committee, Male, Maldives. D.P.R. KOREA (PRK) (1955)

MALI (MLI) (1960)

Federation Malienne d' Athletisme Amateur, P.O. Box 2248, Bamako, Republique du Mali. MALTA (MLT) Malta Amateur Athletic Association, (1928) Brantwood, Alley 6, Main Street, Mosta, Malta. MARSHALL ISLANDS Marshall Islands Track and Field (MSH) (1987) Federation, Ministry of Social Services, P .0. Box 1138, Republic of the Marshall Islands, Majuro, Marshall Islands 96960. MAURITANIA (MTN) Federation d'Athletisme de la (1962) Republique Islamique de Mauritanie, B.P. 2158, Nouakchott, Republique Islamique de Mauritanie. MAURITIUS (MRI) Mauritius Amateur Athletic (1952) Association, Sir Maurice Rault Stadium, Le Reduit, Mauritius. MEXICO (MEX) Federacion Mexicana de Atletismo, (1933) Anillo Periferico y Av. del Conscripto, 11200M. HIDALGO D.F., Mexico. MONACO (MON) Federation Monegasque (1984) d'AthIetisme, Stade Louis 11, MC 98000. MONGOLIA (MGL) Athletic Federation of the Mongolian (1960) People's Republic, Baga Toirog 55, UIan-Batar, Mongolia. MONTSERRAT (MNT) Montserrat Amateur Athletic (1971) Association, P .0. Box 230, Plymouth, Montserrat, West Indies. MOROCCO (MAR) Federation Royale Marocaine (1957) (AA) d'Athletisme, Centre National des Sports Bellevue, Avenue Ibo Sina, Rabat, Morocco. MOZAMBIQUE (MOZ) Federac;ao Moc;ambicana de Atletismo, (1978) C.P. 1094, Maputo, Mozambique. NAURU (NAU) Nauru Amateur Athletic Association, (1967) P.O. Box 33, Nauru Island, Central Pacific. NEPAL (NEP) Amateur Athletic Association of (1948) Nepal, Dashrath, Rangashala, Tripureswor, Kathmandu, Nepal. NETHERLANDS (HOL) Koninklijke Nederlandse Atletiek-Unie (1901) (KNAU), Nachtegaalstrat 67, P.O. Box 14444, 3508 SM Utrecht, Netherlands. 36

NETHERLANDS ANTILLES (AHO) (1962) Re-formed 1962 NEW ZEALAND (NZL) (1887) NICARAGUA (NCA) (1964) NIGER (NIG) (1961) NIGERIA (NGR) (1944) NORWAY (NOR) (1896) OMAN (OMN) (1982) P AKISTAN (P AK) (1947) _, PALESTJ.NE (PAL) (1964) PANAMA (PAN) (1945) PAPUANEW GUINEA (NGU) (1961) PARAGUAY (PAR) (1947) PERU (PER) (1918) PHILIPPINES (PHI) (1961) POLAND (POL) (1919)

Nederlands Antilliaanse Athletiek Unie, clo H. Prince, Santa Rosaweg 22, Willemstad, Curac;ao, Netherlands Antilles. New Zealand Amateur Athletic Association (Inc.), P.O. Box 741, Wellington, New Zealand. Federaci6n Nicaraguense de Atletismo, Apartado No. P-46, Managua, Nicaragua C.A. Federation Nigerienne d' AthIetisme, B.P. 215, Niamey, Niger. Amateur Athletic Association of Nigeria, P.O. Box 211, Lagos, Nigeria, West Africa. Norges Fri-Idrettsforbund, Tollbugt 11, 0152 Oslo 1, Norway. Oman Athletic Association, P.O. Box No. 6990, Ruwi, Sultanate of Oman. Pakistan Amateur Athletic Federation, 39-0 Model Town, Lahore, Pakistan. Palestine Amateur Athletic Federation P.O. Box 26927, Code: 13130-Safat, Kuwait. Federaci6n Panamena de Atletismo, Apartado No: 9764, Panama 4, Republic of Panama. Papua New Guinea Athletic Union, p.a. Box 6834, Boroko, Papua New Guinea. , Federaci6n Paraguaya de Atletismo, Casilla de Correos 2660-Kubitschek No. 390, Asuncion, Paraguay. Federaci6n Peruana de Atletismo, Villa Deportiva Nacional de San Luis, Lima 37, Peru. Philippines Amateur Track & Field Association, Room 205, Administration Building, Rizal Memorial Complex, Vito Cruz Street, Manila, Philippines. Polski Zwiazek Lekkiej Atletyki, 00-372 Warszawa, UI. Foksal 19, Poland.

PORTUGAL (POR)

SIERRA LEONE (SLE)

(1921)

Portuguesa de AtIetismo, Av. Infante Santo, 68-70, ElF 1.300 Lisboa, Portugal. PUERTO RICO (PUR) Federaci6n de Atletismo Aficionado (1947) de Puerto Rico, P.O. Box 3299, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00919. QATAR (QAT) Qatar Amateur Athletic Federation, (1963) P.O. Box 8139, Doha, State of Qatar. ROMANIA (ROM) /federatia Romana de Atletism, Str. Vasile Conta 16, 70139 Bucuresti, (1912) Romania. RWANDA (RWA) Federation Rwandaise des Sports, (1973) (B) B.P. 1044, Kigali, Rwanda. SAINT KITT'S (STK) S1. Kitt's Amateur Athletic Association, (1961) clo Dunstan Laplace, Petal Street, Basseterre, S1. Kitt's, W.!. SAINT LUCIA (STL) S1. Lucia Amateur Athletic Association, (1978) P .0. Box 99, Castries, Saint Lucia, W.!. SAINT VINCENT (STV) Saint Vincent and The Grenadines (1955) Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 247, Kingstown, P .0., St. Vincent, W.!. EL SALVADOR (ESA) Federaci6n Salvadorena de Atletismo, (1943) Apartado Postal No: 759, San Salvador, El Salvador. SAN MARINO (SMR) Federazione Sammarinese di AtIetica (1969) Leggera, clo C.O.N.S., casella postale 22, Via del Bando, 28 1-47031 BORGO MAGGIOR, Republica di San Marino. DEMOCRATIC REP. Santomense de Atletismo, OFSAOTOME E Caixa Postal No. 42 - S. Tome PRINCIPE (STP) Republica, Democratica de Sao Tome (1980) E Principe. SAUDI ARABIA (SAU) Saudi Arabia Amateur Athletic (1963) Federation, P.O. Box 5802, Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia. SENEGAL (SEN) Federation Senegalaise d' (1960) B.P. 1737, Dakar, Republique du Senegal. SEYCHELLES (SEY) Seychelles Amateur Athletics (1977) Federation, P.O. Box 580, Victoria, Mahe, Seychelles.

(1951)

SINGAPORE (SIN) (1934)

SOLOMON ISLANDS (SOL) (1980) SOMALIA (SOM) (1959)

SPAIN (ESP) (1918)

SRI LANKA (SRI) (1922)

SUDAN (SUD) (1959)

SURINAM (SUR) (1955)

SWAZILAND (SWZ) (1969)

SWEDEN (SWE) (1895Â»

SWITZERLAND (SUI) (1905)

SYRIA (SYR) (1952)

CHINESE TAIPEI (TPE) (1914) TANZANIA (TAN) (1954)

TCHAD (CHA) (1963)

Sierra Leone Amateur Athletics Association, clo National Sports Council, Siaka Stevens Stadium, Brookfields, Freetown, Sierra Leone. Singapore Amateur Athletic Association, Newtown, P.O. Box 33, Singapore 9122. Solomon Islands Amateur Athletic Union, P.O. Box 546, Honiara, Solomon Islands. Somalia Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 523, Mogadiscio, Somali Democratic Republic. Real Federaci6n Espanola de Atletismo, Miguel Angel 16, 10 , Madrid 28010, Spain. Amateur Athletic Association of Sri Lanka, 35 Kottawa Road, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka. Sudan Amateur Athletic Association, P .0. Box 1938, Khartoum, Republic of Sudan. De Surinaamse Atletiek Bond, P.O. Box 1758, Paramaribo, Surinam, S. America. Swaziland Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 383, Mbabane, Swaziland, Southern Africa. Svenska Fri-Idrottsforbundet, Sofiatornet, Stadion S 114 33, Stockholm, Sweden. Schweizerischer Leichtathletikverband, Case Postale 2233, CH 3001 Berne, Switzerland. Syrian Arab Amateur Athletic Federation, Box 421, Damascus, Syria. Chinese Taipei Track & Field Association, P.O. Box 81-611, Taipei, Taiwan. Tanzania Amateur Athletic Association, P .0. Box 2172, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania, East Africa. Federation Tchadienne d' Athletisme, BP 373, N'Djamena, Tchad. 39

Amateur Athletic Association of Thailand, 48/32-34 Chula Soi 7, Patoomwan, Bangkok 10500, Thailand. Federation Togolaise d' Athlt':tisme, TOGO (TOG) RP. 2299, Lome, Togo. (1963) Tonga Amateur Sports Association TONGA (TON) clo P.O. Box 80, Nuku'alofa, Tonga, (1%2) South Pacific. National Amateur Athletic Association TRINIDAD & of Trinidad & Tobago, 15 Seukeran TOBAGO (TRI) (1945) Street, Les Efforts West, San Fernando, Trinidad, W.I. Re-formed 1971 Federation Tunisienne d'Athletisme, TUNISIA (TUN) 13 rue de Cologne, 1002 Tunis (1957) Belvedere, Tunisia. Ttirkiye Amator Atletizm TURKEY (TUR) Federasyonu, Ulus lshani A Blok (1922) Kat 5, Ankara, Turkey. TURKS & CAICOS (TKS) Turks & Caicos Islands Amateur (1977) Athletic Association, Cockburn Town, Grand Turk, Turks & Caicos Islands, West Indies. UGANDA (UGA) Uganda Amateur Athletic Association, (1925) P.O. Box 20077, Lugogo-Kampala, Uganda. Light Athletic Federation of the U.S.S.R. (URS) U.S.S.R., Luzhnetskaja Naberezhnaja (1945) 8, 119270 Moscow, U.S.S.R. UNITED ARAB (UAE) U.A.E. Athletics Association, P.O. EMIRATES (1976) Box 6756, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The Athletics Congress of the U.S.A. U.S.A. (USA) J Inc ., P.O. Box 120, Indianapolis, (1888) Indiana 46206-0120, U.S.A. Confederaci6n Atletica del Uruguay, URUGUAY (URU) (1918) Canelones 982, Casa de los Deportes Artigas, Montevideo, Uruguay. Vanuatu Amateur Athletic Federation, VANUATU (VAN) Box 865, Port Vila, Vanuatu. (formerly New Hebrides (1965) THAILAND (THA) (1948)

Federaci6n Venezolana de Atletismo, Apartado Postal 29059, Caracas, Venezuela. Vietnam Athletic Association, VIETNAM (VIE) 36 Tran Phu, Hanoi, Vietnam. (1951) VIRGIN ISLANDS (ISV) Virgin Islands Track & Field Federation, P.O. Box 7400, Sunny Isle, (1963) Christiansted, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands 00820. Western Samoa Amateur Athletic WESTERN SAMOA Association, clo Ministry for Youth, (SAM) (1962) Sports and Culture, Private Bag, Apia, Western Samoa. Yemen Amateur Athletic Federation, YEMEN ARAB P.O. Box 2027, Sana'a, Yemen Arab REPUBLIC (YAR) Republic. (1976) Yemen PDR Athletic Federation, PEOPLE'S P.O. Box 4352, Crater, Aden, DEMOCRATIC People's Democratic Rep. of Yemen. REPUBLIC OF YEMEN (PRY) (1977) Federation Yougoslave d' Athletisme, YUGOSLAVIA (YUG) Strahinica Bana 73a, 11000 Beograd, (1921) Yugoslavia. Federation Zairoise d' Athletisme, B.P. ZAIRE (ZAI) 1527/Kinshasa 1, 10 rue de Dima Zone (1949) de Kinshasa, Republique du Zaire. Zambia Amateur Athletic Association, ZAMBIA (ZAM) P.O. Box 23036, Kitwe, Zambia. (1949) (Re-formed in 1963) Amateur Athletic Association of ZIMBABWE (ZIM) Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 187, Mount (1912) Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe.

VENEZUELA (VEN) (1948)

DIVISION 11

LA.A.F. CONSTITUTION

NOTE. 1- Where appropriate the masculine gender shall include the feminine, and the singular shall include the plural. NOTE. 2-In Divisions /I, III and IV, amendments to the Rules as approved by Congress are marked by double lines in the margin.

RULE 2 RULE 1

Definitions

Athletics: Track and field athletics, road running, walking and cross country running. I.A.A.F.: International Amateur Athletic Federation. Member: Any National Governing Body for amateur athletics affiliated to the LA.A.F.

The International Amateur Athletic Federation The LA.A.F. shall comprise duly elected national governing bodies for amateur athletics which agree to abide by the rules and regulations of the LA.A.F. The rules and regulations of an elected national governing body must be in conformity with and not wider than LA.A.F. eligibility rules. A Bureau shall be established in London to carry out the administration of the LA.A.F. in accordance with the decisions of Congress and Council. The location may be changed only with the approval of Congress. RULE 3

I.O.e.:

International Olympic Committee. International Athletic Meetings: (a) Olympic Games, World Championships and World Cups. (b) Continental, Regional or Area Championships, Games and Cups (open to all LA.A.F. Members in the Area or Region). (c) Group Games or Championships (Le. other Championships or Games open to all athletes belonging to a defined group). (d) Matches between two or more Members, or combination of Members. (e) International Invitation meetings specifically sanctioned by the LA.A.F. (j) International Invitation Meetings specifically sanctioned by an . Area Group Association. (g) Other meetings specifically sanctioned by a Member so that foreign athletes may take part. Majority: An absolute majority is half the votes cast plus 1. A special majority is two-thirds of the votes of those present voting at a Congress, such two-thirds to represent at least one half of the total voting power of all Members of the LA.A.F.

Objects The objects of the Federation shall be: 1. -To establish friendly and loyal co-operation between all Members for the benefit of amateur athletics, peace and understanding between nations throughout the world. 2.-To strive to ensure that no racial, religious, political or other kind of discrimination be allowed in athletics, and to take all practicable measures to stop such discrimination. 3.-To strive to secure that there shall be no hindrance to the participation of any country or individual in International athletic competitions on racial, religious or political grounds, and to ensure that there be no such hindrance in international meetings over which the LA.A.F. has control. 4.-To compile rules and regulations governing international competitions for men and women, of all ages in amateur athletics. 5.-To ensure that all contests between Members, including Area and Group Championships or Games, shall be held under the laws and rules of the LA.A.F. 6.-To affiliate national governing body for ,athletics which may be recognised by the respective National Olympic Committee, where such a Committee exists.

RULE 1

RULES 1, 2, 3

7.-To decide any dispute that may arise between Members, if called upon to do so. 8.-To co-operate with the Organising Committees of the Olympic Games in carrying through the organisation of the athletic competitions, and, as delegated by the LO.C., to supervise and control all the technical arrangements. 9.-To frame regulations for the establishment of World and Olympic records, and such other amateur athletic records as Congress agrees may be recognised. RULE 4 Membership

1.-The national governing body for amateur athletics in any country or territory shall be eligible for Membership. Only one Member from each country or territory may be affiliated, and such Member shall be recognised by the I.A.A.F. as the only national governing body for all amateur athletics in such country or territory. The jurisdiction of Members shall be limited to the political boundaries of the country or territory they represent. 2.-Application for Membership by a national governing body together with a copy of its current Constitution and Rules shall be submitted to the Council, which shall have the power to elect to Membership provisionally. Membership provisionally granted by the Council must be confirmed at the next Congress, which confirmation must obtain a special majority. See Rule 1 "Definitions". 3.-There shall be one list of Members, all of whom have equal voting rights at Congress. 4.-The annual fee of ÂŁ150 from each Member affiliated to the LA.A.F. shall be paid, in advance, by 1st January. 5.-For the purpose of electing the LA.A.F. Council in accordance with Rule 5(1), or any Area Committee, Members are divided into the following areas:Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso RULES 3,4

AFRICA (48) Burundi Cameroons Central African Republic Comores 44

Congo Djibouti Egypt Ethiopia Equatorial Guinea

AFRICA (Continued) Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Ivory Coast Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi

Afghanistan Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Burma People's Republic of China Hong Kong , India Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel

Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Niger Nigeria Rwanda Sao Tome Senegal Seychelles ASIA (41) Japan Jordan Kampuchea Korea D.P.R. Korea Kuwait Laos Lebanon Macao Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Nepal Oman

EUROPE (35) Albania Gibraltar Andorra Great Britain & Austria N. Ireland Belgium Greece Bulgaria Hungary Cyprus Iceland Czechoslovakia Ireland Denmark Italy Finland Liechtenstein France Luxembourg Federal Republic Malta of Germany Monaco German Democratic Republic 45

Sierra Leone Somalia Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Tchad Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia ZaIre Zimbabwe Pakistan Palestine Phillipines Qatar Saudi Arabia Singapore Sri Lanka Syria Chines Taipei Thailand United Arab Emirates Vietnam Yemen (PDR) Yemen (AR) Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Rumania San Marino Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey U.S.S.R. Yugoslavia RULE 4 -

American Samoa Australia Cook Islands Fiji

OCEANIA (13) Guam Marshall Islands Nauru New Zealand

Papua New Guinea Solomon Islands Tongo Vanuatu Western Somoa

NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA (32) Auguilla Cuba Nicaragua Antigua & Barbuda Dominica Puerto Rico Aruba Dominican Republic S1. Kitt's Bahamas Grenada S1. Lucia Barbados Guatemala S1. Vincent Belize HaIti El Salvador Bermuda Honduras Trinidad & Tobago British Virgin Islands ·Jamaica Turks & Cakos Canada Mexico Islands Cayman Islands Montserrat U.S.A. Costa Rica Netherlands Antilles Virgin Islands

. Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile

SOUTH AMERICA (13) Colombia Paraguay Ecuador Peru Guyana Surinam Panama Uruguay Venezuela

6.-Congress shall decide the name under which a Member is listed and may compete. 7.-ln every kind of information, bulletin, competition documents, etc, and on official occasions, the names of the participating Members in the language of the Organising Member must correspond to the exact translation of the list of Members as set out in paragraph 5 of this rule. Any abbreviation used for the names of these participating Members must be in conformity with the official abbreviations recognised by the LA.A.F. Council. RULE 4

MEMBER FEDERAnONS - ABREVIATIONS AFGHANISTAN AFG COOK ISLANDS CKI ALBANIA ALB COSTA RICA CRC ALGERIA ALG CUBA CUB AMERICAN SAMOA AMS CYPRUS CYP ANDORRA AND CZECHOSLOVAKIA TCU ANGOLA ANO DENMARK DEN ANGUILLA ANG DJIBOUTI DJI ANTIGUA ANT DOMINICA DMN ARGENTINA ARG DOMINICAN REPUBLIC DOM ARUBA ARU ECUADOR ECU EGYPT EGY AUSTRALIA AUS AUSTRIA AUT EQUATORIAL GUINEA GEQ BAHAMAS BAH ETHIOPIA ETH BAHRAIN BUR FIJI FIJ BANGLADESH BAN FINLAND FIN BARBADOS BAR FRANCE FRA BELGIUM BEL GABON GAB BELIZE BIZ THE GAMBIA GAM BENIN BEN GERMAN DEMOCRATIC BERMUDA BER REPUBLIC GDR BHUTAN BHU FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF BOLIVIA BOL GERMANY FRG GHANA GHA BOTSWANA BOT BRAZIL BRA GIBRALTAR Gm BRITISH VIRGIN GREAT BRITAIN & ISLANDS BVI NORTHERN IRELAND GBR BRUNEI BRU GREECE GRE BULGARIA BUL GRENADA GRN BURKINA FASO BKF GUAM GUM BURMA BIR GUATEMALA GUA BURUNDI BUR GUINEA GUI CAMEROONS CMR GUYANA GUY CANADA CAN HAITI HAI CAYMAN ISLANDS CAY HONDURAS nON CENTRAL AFRICAN HONG KONG HKG REPUBLIC CAF HUNGARY HUN CHILE CHI ICELAND ISL· P.R. CHINA CRN INDIA IND COLOMBIA COL INDONESIA INA COMORES COM ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO CGO IRAN !RN 47

RULE 4

IRAQ IRQ NORWAY NOR OMAN OMN IRELAND IRL PAKISTAN PAK ISRAEL ISR ITALY ITA PALESTINE PAL IVORY COAST CIV PANAMA PAN JAMAICA JAM PAPUA NEW GUINEA NGU JAPAN JPN PARAGUAY PAR JORDAN JOR PERU PER KENYA KEN PHILIPPINES PHI KAMPUCHEA KHM POLAND POL KOREA KOR PORTUGAL POR D.P .R. KOREA PRK PUERTO RICO PUR KUWAIT KUW QATAR QAT LAOS LAO ROMANIA ROM LEBANON Lm RWANDA RWA LESOTHO LES SAINT KITTS STK LIBERIA LBR SAINT LUCIA STL LIBYA LBA SAINT VINCENT STY LIECHTENSTEIN LIE EL SALVADOR ESA LUXEMBOURG LUX SAN MARINO SMR MACAO MAC DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC MADAGASCAR MAD OFSAO TOME E MALAWI MAW PRINCIPE STP MALAYSIA MAL SAUDI ARABIA SAU MALDIVES MLD SENEGAL SEN MALI MLI SEYCHELLES SEY MALTA MLT SIERRA LEONE SLE MARSHALL ISLANDS MSH SINGAPORE SIN MAURITANIA MTN SOLOMON ISLANDS SOL MAURITIUS MRI SOMALIA SOM MEXICO MEX SPAIN ESP MONACO MON SRI LANKA SRI MONGOLIA MGL SUDAN SUO MONTSERRAT MNT SURINAM SUR MOROCCO MAR SWAZILAND SWZ MOZAMBIQUE MOZ SWEDEN SWE NAURU NAU SWITZERLAND SUI NEPAL NPL SYRIA SYR NETHERLANDS HOL CHINESE TAIPEI TPE NETHERLANDS TANZANIA TAN ANTILLES AHO TCHAD CHA NEW ZEALAND NZL THAILAND THA NICARAGUA NCA TOGO TOG NIGER NIG TONGA TON NIGERIA NGR TRINIDAD & TOBAGO TRI RULE 4

TUNISIA TUN TURKEY TUR TURKS & CAICOS TKS UGANDA UGA U.S.S.R. URS UNITED ARAB EMIRATES UAE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA USA URUGUAY URU VANUATU VAN

VENEZUELA VEN VIETNAM VIE VIRGIN ISLANDS ISV WESTERN SAMOA SAM YEMEN ARAB REPUBLIC YAR P.D.R. YEMEN PRY YUGOSLAVIA YUG ZAIRE ZAI ZAMBIA ZAM ZIMBABWE ZIM RULE 5

Council 1.-The Council shall consist of 23 Members as under:(a) President (b) 4 Vice-Presidents (e) Honorary Treasurer (d) One Representative from each of the following six Area Groups:-"-:: Africa North and Central America Asia Oceania Europe South America (e) Eleven Members elected as individuals. Not more than one member of the Council may come from any one country. 2.-Members of the Council shall be elected for a period of four years in accordance with the provisions of Rule 7 - Congress .. If during the first two years of the term of office, a vacancy arises in the Council, for an individual Member, a substitute shall be elected at the next Congress for the residuary period. 3.-The Council shall meet at least once a year. The President, or Senior Vice-President in his absence, will preside at all meetings of Council. 4.-At its first meeting, the Council shall nominate one of the Vice-Presidents as Senior Vice-President for the purpose of presiding over the Council in the absence of the President. ' The Vice-Presidents shall occupy honorary positions and have equal rights with other members of the Council '(other than the President and the Senior Vice-President as above).

RULES 4, 5

5.-The President, and each other member of the Council, shall have a vote. The President, in the case of a tie in the voting, shall have a second or casting vote. 6.-The Council's powers shall include the following:(a) To elect a Member provisionally to membership in accordance with the provisions of Rule 4.2 (b) To suspend, or take sanctions against, a Member in accordance with the provisions of Rule 11. (c) To make decisions in urgent matters relating to all rules. Any such decisions must be reported to the next Congress. (d) To summon a Special Congress to deal with any special case of great importance requiring an urgent decision. (e) To delegate, in the administration of the affairs of the Federation, the power to act in the case of urgency in financial to the President and Honorary Treasurer, as appropnate. In such a case the Council must be advised at the earliest oportunity of any action so taken. The President and Honorary Treasurer shall be entitled to indemnify themselves out of the funds of the Federation in respect of any loss so incurred. 7.-The Council's duties shall include the following:(a) To administer the affairs of the LA.A.F. (b) To submit to each biennial Congress a report, together with audited sheets for the preceding period, and a budget for the succeeding two years. (c) To examine any proposals from Members or committees which are to be discussed at Congress, and to submit such reports thereon as they think fit and to submit to Congress any other proposals they may deem desirable. (d) To notify Members of the imposition of any penalties by either Congress or Council. (e) To maintain a register of World, Olympic and any such other amateur records as Congress may decide to recognise. (j) To control and supervise the athletic technical organisation at the Olympic Games. (g) To appoint Technical Delegates for the Olympic Games, World Championships and World Cup competitions, and the official LA.A.F. Representative at Area or Group Games and Championships, or inter-Continental matches. This RULES

representative shall, if possible, be from the Council and shall ensure that LA.A.F. rules are observed. (h) To appoint the General Secretary, who should attend all meetings of the Council and of LA.A.F. Committees. The General Secretary shall be remunerated and shall not be entitled to vote. The General Secretary shall be responsible for the engagement of-staff for the Bureau, with the approval of the President and Honorary Treasurer. The Council shall also appoint such honorary assistants as it may deem necessary for the purpose of administering the affairs of the LA.A.F. (i) To promote a Development Programme for the benefit of Members requiring assistance in the training of coaches, judges, etc. (j) To nominate one or more Vice-Presidents or members of the Council to undertake special responsibility for the supervision of the Development Programme, or to perform any other special duties subject to the overall control of the Council. (k) To apPoInt members of the Medical Committee, on the recommemj.ation of the existing members of the Committee. (I) To decide on dates and venues for competitions directly organised by the LA.A.F. and defined in Rule 12.1. (m) To appoint representatives of the LA.A.F. to the Federation Internationale de Medecine Sportive, Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne and other bodies of a similar nature. RULE 6 Continental Areas I.-Continental, Area or Group Associations, Confederations or Committees may be formed for each of the six groups listed under Rule 4.5 In the case of Committees, these shall be elected by regional congresses and the result of all elections notified to the General Secretary. Each of such Associations, Confederations or Committees shall draw up its own rules relating to its constitution and powers (which shall in all cases be limited to operation within its own area and in no sense conflicting with any LA.A.F. Rule). These rules and any other subsequent amendments must be submitted to the Council for

RULES 5,6

aPl?fOval and referred to the next Congress for amendment or ratIfication. Associations, Confederations and Committees shall render detailed, written reports of their activities to Congress every two years. 2.-Members shall ?ot permitted to organise or take part in area .or group champIonshIps or games if their subscriptions are year; may a representative from any unpaId for the Member take part In any meetmg of the Continental Association Confederation or Committee, unless the subscription of the Membe; he represents or to .which he belongs is paid up for the current year. 3.-If at any tIme a position as Area Group representative becomes vacant, through resignation or otherwise the Bureau shall with the Area Association arrange fo; after wIthm three months to elect a representative to hold office a untIl the next Congress. RULE 7 Congress I.-The Congress of the I.A.A.F. shall consist of the Council H.onorary Life Presidents, Honorary Life Vice-Presidents, Honorar; LIfe Personal Members and not more than three delegates from each Member. 2.-An Congress shall be convened biennially, the date and venue of WhICh shall be decided at the preceding meeting of the Congress. and Election Congress will be held in conjUnctIon WIth the World Championships. An interim Congress will be held, normally in conjunction with the World Cup, and will deal mainly with the changes and additions to the Techmcal Rules and Competition Regulations. A special location in the stadium shall be provided for all Congress to watch the World Championships, or World Cup where appropnate. 3.-A Special Congress may be convened by the Council and shall ?e so if not less than one-third of the Members notice to the General Secretary stating that they desire such a m and the reasons therefor . The Council shall summon a SpecIal Congress to be held within three months from the receipt of the afore-mentioned notice. 4.-0nly Members who have paid their subscriptions for the current year may take part in any meeting of the Congress. RULES 6,7

5.-Members shall only be represented by delegates. Members must certify the names of their delegates in writing to the General Secretary prior to the commencement of the Congress meeting. A Member may have no more than three delegates present at the Congress, only one of whom may record votes from that Member. 6.-A delegate shall be a citizen of the country or territory of the Member which he represents and shall not have competed as a professional. A delegate may only represent one Member. A Council member may not represent his own Member at the Congress as a delegate. 7.-The Congress shall be conducted strictly in accordance with the Rules of Congress Procedure. 8.-ImmediatelY after the number of countries present has been confirmed, the first voting strength shall be announced, and the appointment of Scrutineers nominated by Council from the delegates at the Congress shall be approved. 9.-Confirmation of Membership provisionally granted by the Council under Rule 4.2 shall then be voted upon. IO.-After tne second voting strength has been announced, elections shall be held. All nominations shall have been submitted to the General Secretary at least three months prior to the date of the Congress. Nominations can be made only by Members, and in the case of an Area Group Representative, only by Members in that respective Group. No election shall take effect until the conclusion of the Congress. The Council and Committees elected at a Congress coinciding with the World Championships shall not take office until after the Championships. The elections shall be held in the following order:(i) President (ii) 4 Vice Presidents All ballot papers to be valid, must register votes for 4 candidates, no more and no less. If there are three of four successful candidates from the same area group, then only the two with the most votes shall be declared elected, and, in the next ballot, only candidates for the other area groups may participate; (iii) Honorary Treasurer; (iv) Area Group Representatives 53

RULE 7

A separate ballot shall be held for each area group and only those Members included in the group under Rule 4.5 shall be eligible to vote;

(v) Individual members All ballot papers, to be valid, must register votes for 11 candidates, no more and no less;

(vi) Committees The Arbitration Panel; the Technical Committee; the Women's Committee; the Walking Committee; the Cross Country and Road Running Committee; the Veterans' Committee, and any other Committee appointed by the Congress as necessary. 11.-Not more than one member of the Council may come from anyone country or territory. 12.-Elections held under Rule 7 (10) shall require an absolute majority of the votes cast on the first round and a simple majority on the second round. 13.-If at the time of an election there are fewer candidates than there are vacancies, the President may invite Members at the Congress to submit further nominations. 14.-Any unsuccessful candidate for any position may, if also so nominated, be included in a subsequent ballot for any other position. 15.-0n the recommendation of Council, in recognition of valued services given to the LA.A.F., Congress shall be entitled to elect Honorary Life Presidents, Honorary Life Vice Presidents and Honorary Life Personal Members, without voting powers. 16.-ln addition, the Congress on the recommendation of Council, may grant the following awards:-

(i)

I.A.A.F. Veteran Pin For long and meritorious service to the cause of world athletics within LA.A.F. activities. Normally 8 per Congress shall be awarded.

(ii) Plaque of Merit For meritorious service to the cause of track and field athletics within area group activities, to be proposed by area groups.

(iii) Admittance to the Hall of Fame For exceptional, meritorious performances of outstanding athletes; RULE 7

A suitable LA.A.F. diploma will be presented to all recipients of the above awards as well as to Honorary Life Officers and Members. l7.-0nly the Congress shall have the power to amend, add to, or alter any Rule. Such powers must be exercised in accordance with Rule 10. Congress shall have the power to suspend and take other sanctions, and to reinstate Members. Such powers must be exercised in accordance with Rule 11. 18.-0nly Congress will 'have the right to decide upon the introduction of new competitions directly organised by the LA.A.F.: e.g. World Championships and World Cups. 19.-The Council of the I.A.A.F. shall attend the Congress but no member of Council shall represent his or her own Member. Council members may speak, but may not vote. 20.-Honorary Presidents, Honorary Life Vice Presidents and Honorary Life Personal Members may attend the Congress and may speak, but may not vote. RULE 8 Committees I.-All Committees, with the exception ofthe Medical Committee who are appointed, shall be elected for a period of four years, unless otherwise decided by Congress. 2.. - The President shall be an ex-officio member of all Committees. 3.-There shall be at least the following Committees:(a) Technical Committee - The Technical Committee, to whom all questions concerning Competition Rules shall be referred, shall consist of a Chairman and 15 individuals. (b) Women's Committee - the Women's Committee to whom all questions concerning women's athletics shall be referred, shall consist of a Chairman and 10 individuals. (e) Walking Committee - the Walking Committee, to whom all questions concerning walking shall be referred, shall consist of a Chairman and 10 individuals. (d) Cross Country and Road Running Committee - the Cross Country and Road Running Committee, to whom all questions concerning cross <;ountry and road running shall be referred, shall consist of a Chairman and 10 individuals. (e) Veterans' Committee - The Veterans' Committee to whom all questions concerning veteran athletes shall be referred, shall consist of a Chairman and 10 individuals. 55

RULES 7,8

Medical Committee - the Medical Committee, to whom all questions of a medical nature concerning athletics shall be referred, shall consist of a Chairman and up to 12 individuals. 4.-All Committees shall meet when summoned by the General Secretary and their recommendations shall be reported to Congress. If an Area is not represented on a Committee, that Area Group shall nominate one additional person for that Committee until the next election. 5.-Individual members must come from different countries or territories. 6.-No Committee member may take part in any meeting unless the subscription of the Member he belongs to is paid up for the current year. if)

RULE 9 Languages At all Congress Meetings each Member may speak in his own language. Simultaneous translations must be made in Arabic, German, Russian and Spanish, in addition to English and French. Simultaneous translation may be made from and into any additional language required, if possible, and if the cost of this can be met by or on behalf of the Member requesting the additional language. The Constitution and the Rules and Regulations, Minutes, Reports and other communications shall be in such languages as the Council shall decide. In all cases of any difference in the interpretation of any text the English version shall be accepted. RULE 10 Alterations to Rules

Constitutional Rules 1. (a) A proposal to amend a rule in Division 11 ("Constitution"), unless this is proposed by Council, must be submitted to the General Secretary by a Member, or by an Area Council or Area Congress, at least six months prior to the Congress at which it is to be considered. All proposals, including those proposed by Council, shall be sent by the General Secretary to Members at least four months before the Congress. (h) To be accepted, any such proposals must obtain two-thirds RULES 8, 9, 10

of the votes cast, which two-thirds must also represent at least one-half of the aggregate voting power of all Members of the I.A.A.F. (a special majority). (e) Any subsequent necessary alterations to the wording of statutes passed by Congress can only be made by the President (or a Council Member nominated by him for this purpose) or by the General Secretary, and this provided no material change to the decision of Congress is made. Technical and Other Rules 2. (a) A proposal (unless this is proposed by Council) to amend any technical rule or other rule, must be submitted to the General Secretary at least six months prior to the Congress at which it is to be considered. A proposal to amend a technical rule may only be submitted by a Member, or the Council, or a member of the Council or any permanent Committee. (h) Amendments to the technical rules will normally only be considered by the Congress every four years, at the time of the World Championships. Urgent proposals for alterations to the technical rules may, however, be made at any time, and they must be discussed at, and confirmed by, the next Congress, even if they reach the General Secretary later than six months prior to the Congress. (e) A report, containing the recommendations of the Technical Committee, shall be circulated to all Members at least three months before each congress. (d) Where the Council has exercised its power under Rule 5.6(c) to amend a technical rule or any other rule as an urgent matter, such amendment must also be reported to and confirmed by the next Congress. (e) When an amendment to a technical rule is adopted by Congress, or is decided upon by Council as an urgent matter under Rule 5.6(c), a fixed date for the operation of the amendment must be stated, such date to allow adequate time for all Members to put it into operation simultaneously. This date shall normally be April 1st of the following year. if) Any subsequent necessary alterations to the wording of technical rules passed by Congress can only be made by the Chairman of the Technical Committee (or by a member of the Technical Committee nominated by him for this purpose) or by the General Secretary, and this provided no material change to the decision of Congress is made. 57

RULE 10

-----

3.-The alterations referred to in paragraphs 10. 1(c) and 1O.2(f) shall be pointed out, at the first opportunity, to Council and, if necessary, to Congress. 4.-The Handbook which incorporates changes made by of Congress, must be published in English before the 31st that same year, and in French by 31st January of the followmg year. RULE 11 Suspensions and Other Sanctions I.-The Council shall have the following powers: (a) to suspend a member from membership until the next meeting of Congress or for any shorter period; (b) to suspend a Member from anyone or more types of international meetings as defined in Rule 12.1 until the next meeting of Congress or for any shorter period; and (e) to caution or censure a Member; (d) to reinstate a Member who has been suspended by the Council in accordance with this Rule 11. 2.-The Council may only exercise its suspensive powers under 1. if:(a) a Member has failed to pay the appropriate subscription for the preceding year by 31st December of that year; (b) in the opinion of Council, the Member has infringed anyone or more of the Rules; (e) in the opinion of the Council, the Member has failed, upon written notice to it, within one month to take such sanction against an individual athlete as the Council considers necessary. As the LA.A.F. carries out doping control on behalf of its Members at internationai meetings as set out in Rule 12.1, the Council may suspend a Member if the LA.A.F. has carried out its investigations in accordance with Rule 144 and recommended doping procedures, and has informed the Member in writing of the results of those investigations, but the Member has, in the Council's opinion, taken no sufficient action against an individual athlete, either for having himself taken forbidden substances or for having incited or assisted another athlete so to do. (d) in the opinion of Council, the LA.A.F. is better able to achieve any of its objects by the suspension of a Member. 3.-Before the Council may exercise its suspensive powers under 1, the Member must have been sent notice in writing of the alleged RULES 10,11

-------

infringement or failure under 2 (b) or (c), at least one month before the next Council meeting, at which the Member will be afforded a reasonable opportunity of being heard. 4.-A Member who considers that the Council has misdirected itself on its suspensive powers under this Rule must appeal, if at all, to the Arbitration Panel under Rule 19, unless the Congress is to meet within four months following the Council's decision. If this is the case, the Member must instead, if at all, set out in detail, in a written statement sent to the Chairman of the Arbitration Panel, all of the facts and matters which it wishes the Arbitration Panel to consider before reaching a decision; the three persons who would have been appointed by the Chairman as Arbitrators under the provisions of Rule 19 shall meet before the said Congress, and the Chairman or one of the Arbitrators shall explain the Arbitrators' views to the Congress, before the proposal to suspend the Member is debated. 5.-The Congress shall have the following powers:(a) to suspend a Member from Membership for a fixed period, or until a specified set of circumstances changes or ceases to exist; (b) to suspend, a Member from anyone or more types of international meetings as defined in Rule 12.1 for a fixed period or uI)til a specified set of circumstances changes or ceases to exist; (e) to caution or censure a Member; and (d) to reinstate a Member who has been suspended under (a) or (b) above, before the end of the fixed period or before the set of circumstances specified has changed or ceased to exist. 6. -The Congress may only exercise its suspensive powers under 5, and may only reinstate a Member under 5 (d) if:(a) a proposal for such suspension or reinstatement, as the case may be, has been received by the General Secretary at least six months before the relevant Congress meeting (unless the Member is already suspended by the Council, or is suspended by the Council during those six months); and (b) either: (i) the proposal has been sent by the General Secretary to Members at least four months before the said Congress; or (ii) the Members have been informed at least four months before the said Congress of a Member's suspension by Council and of a Council proposal that the Member 59

RULE 11

suspended by Congress; or (iij) the Members have been informed at least four months before the said Congress of a Council proposal that the Member should be reinstated; or (iv) the Members have been informed in writing, before the start of the Congress, that the Council has suspended a Member within the four months preceding the Congress and of a Council proposal that the Member should be suspended by CongreSs; and (c) the proposal receives two-thirds of the votes of those present and voting at the Congress, which two-thirds must also represent at least one-half of the aggregate voting power of all Members of the LA.A.F. (Le. a special majority). j 7.-The Congress may only exercise its suspensive powers under 5 if:(a) a Member has failed to pay the subscription for the preceding year by 31st December of that year; or (b) in the opinion of Congress, the Member has infringed anyone or more of the Rules; or (c) in the opinion of Congress, the Member has failed upon written notice to it within one month to take such sanction against an individual athlete as the Congress considers necessary. As the LA.A.F. carries out doping control on behalf of its Members at international competitions as set out in Rule 12.1, the Congress may suspend a Member if the LA.A.F. has carried out its investigations in accordance with Rule 144 and the recommended doping procedures, and has informed the Member in writing of the results of those investigations, but the Memper haS, in the opinion of Congress, taken no sufficient action under the Member's own rules. (d) in the opinion of Congress, the LA.A.F. is better able to achieve any of its objects by the suspension of a Member. / 8.-Before the Congress may exercise its suspensive powers under 5, the Member must have been sent notice in writing of the alleged infringement or failure under 7 (b) or (c), at least one month before the Congress meeting, at which the Member will be afforded a reasonable opportunity of being heard. 9.-A Member who considers that the Congress has misdirected itself on its suspensive powers under this Rule, must appeal, if at all, to the Arbitration Panel under Rule 19. RULE 11

1O.-A Member who has been suspended by the Congress under 5, may require, provided that notice in writing is received by the General Secretary at least six months before the next ensuing Congress, that a proposal for that Member's reinstatement be considered at the next said Congress meeting. 11.-A Member who has been suspended by the Congress under 5 (a) shall automatically cease to be suspended (a) at the end of the fixed period or (b) once, in the opinion of Council, the set of circumstances specified has changed or ceases to exist. l2.-As all Members have agreed to abide by this Rule, it is expressly agreed that a Member, or alleged Member, which institutes proceedings, or refers any matter which must, if at all, be referred to the Arbitration Panel to any Court or Tribunal rather than to the Panel, shall have infringed this Rule and shall be liable to be suspended or otherwise sanctioned by Council or Congress. RULE 12 International Meetings - Competitors Competing Abroad Qualifications of Competitors l.--At the following International Meetings, the rules and regulations of the LA.A.F. must apply:(a) Olympic Games, World Championships and World Cups. (b) Continental, Regional or Area Championships or Cups open to all LA.A.F. Members in the Area or Region (i.e. Championships over which the LA.A.F. has exclusive control, comprising only athletics events). (c) Group Games (i.e. Area or Group Games at which competition in several sports is to take place, and over which therefore, the LA.A.F. has no exclusive control.) (d) Matches between two or more Members, or combination of Members. (e) International Invitation meetings specifically sanctioned by the LA.A.F. See Rule 13.3 (b). (f) International Invitation Meetings specifically sanctioned by an Area Group Association. (g) Other meetings specifically sanctioned by a Member so that foreign athletes may take part. 2.-All International Meetings or any meetings in which any foreign athlete takes part must be sanctioned by the LA.A.F. or by a Member. . In order to obtain the sanction referred to in 12, 1 (e), a Member 61

RULES 11, 12

must apply on behalf of the meeting organiser to the LA.A.F. for a permit. See Rule 13, 3 (b). Before sanctioning any International Meeting under Rule 12, 1 (e), I (f) or I (g) above, the LA.A.F., Area Group Association or Member must obtain from the promoter an undertaking in writing:(a) that all LA.A.F. Rules and Regulations will be observed; (b) that in particular, the Rules relating to expenses will be strictly followed; (c) that all prizes should be intended for the athlete and should not exceed the value of US $250 or its equivalent in the currency of the organising country. NOTE.-A prize is defined as an object which is neither cash nor marketable security. (d) that an account of all such expenses paid will be forwarded within 30 days Jo the Member sanctioning such a meeting, if requested by that Member. 3.-No athlete or club may take part in an athletic meeting in a foreign country without the written approval of his governing body, and no Member shall allow any foreign athlete to enter any competition without such permit certifying that he is eligible and permitted to compete in the country concerned. No athlete may have affiliation abroad, without previous authorisation from his original Federation. Even then, the Federation of the country in which the athlete is residing, cannot enter any athlete's name for meetings in another country without previous authorisation from the original Federation. 4.-ln approving the participation of an athlete at an athletic meeting in a foreign country, the Member should specify the number of days for which the athlete and any accompanying manager or coach is permitted to receive expenses and the daily allowance as detailed in Rule 14 "Expenses", paragraphs I and 2. After the meeting, the Member may request an account of expenses paid. 5.-Any athlete competing in any foreign country (other than in international meetings as above defined) shall, in respect of that competition, be subject to the athletic laws of that country. 6.-All negotiations for the participation of an athlete in another country shall be carried on through the Members concerned and in no circumstances shall any invitation be extended directly or indirectly to an athlete by any individual, club, college, university or RULE 12

other organisation. The only exception to the foregoing shall be where a Member shall authorise one of its member clubs to communicate with the club of another country concerning the participation of one or more of its athletes, and such authorisation shall be granted on the express condition that the Member concerned is kept informed as to the context of the communications. 7.-Where an athlete of any member country receives a scholarship from an institution in another country, then as a condition to and before the athlete's governing body shall grant the permission to compete referred to in Rule 12 (3), the President of the institution granting the scholarship shall first submit to the Member in whose country the educational institution is located, full and detailed information of the nature and extent of the scholarship aid furnished to the athlete, for transmission to the Member for the athlete's country. 8.-ln International meetings under categories 1 (a) and I (b) of Rule 12, Members shall be represented only by citizens (by birth or naturalisation or registration) of the country which the affiliated Member represents, or by athletes otherwise acquiring citizenship by the procedure legally recognised in that country, except in the case of citizens of a colony, when they shall be eligible to represent the mother country in any such meeting, if such colony is not represented by membership of the LA.A.F. Having once represented any Member in a Meeting which comes within the categories defined in I (a) and I (b), no contestant may thereafter represent any other Member in such a meeting except in the following circumstances:(a) The incorporation of one country in another. (b) The creation of a new country ratified by Treaty. (c) The election to membership of the LA.A.F. of the national governing body of a colony not previously directly represented by a Member. (d) A change of citizenship of a woman by marriage. (e) Residence in a country for at least three years since the date when the athlete last represented another Member in a Meeting under Rule 12,1 (a) or (b), and, if there are legal provisions for acquiring citizenship of that country, compliance with such provisions. The period of residence may be reduced to one year, if the two Members concerned agree, and if the Council of the LA.A.F. approves. 63

RULE 12

(f) Where an athlete holds, or is legally entitled to hold citizenship

of two or more countries, provided that it is at least three years since the athlete last represented the first Member in any . competition under Rule 12, paragraphs 1 (a) and (b). 9.-Athletes from a National Federation or some other athletIcs organisation which is not an affiliated Member of the l.A.A.F. may compete in any competition except for meetings listed under paragraph I (a) and (b) of Rule, 12 against athletes under the jurisdiction of a Member, provided:(a) that the Federation or Organisation concerned is not at that time suspended by the l.A.A.F. or excluded from particular categories of competition; (b) that the athletes concerned are amateurs; (c) that the prior permission of the Council is given upon the application of the Member in the country or territory where the competition is to take place, or of the Member wishing to send athletes to compete in a non-Member country or territory; (d) that where the competition is held in a non-Member country or territory, the member must obtain an undertaking from the organising body that in all other respects, the rules of the l.A.A.F. will be observed.

to the date of the Championships or Games in question. Organising Committees must ensure that countries to whom invitations are sent are in membership of the LA.A.F. and any other country wishing to participate must apply to the LA.A.F. for membership, which must have been granted prior to their entry being accepted. Such applications must be received at least three months before the date of the opening of the promotion concerned. The LA.A.F. shall not sanction any Continental, Regional or Area Championships without first having obtained an unqualified undertaking that the necessary permission for visiting athletes and officials to enter the country where the competition is to be ,held will be forthcoming sufficiently far ahead to enable them to travel and compete at the Championships. Should it subsequently transpire that these undertakings cannot be fulfilled, the competition shall be transferred to another country which can fulfil the guarantee. The l.A.A.F. does not have control over Games included in Rule 12.1 (c). It shall not sanction such Games if the Council is satisfied that the Member, in whose country or territory the Games are to be held, has not taken all practicable measures to secure that the necessary,permission for visiting athletes and officials to enter the country or territory will be forthcoming sufficiently far ahead to enable them to travel and compete at the Games in question.

RULE 13 World, Area and Group Championships Meetings requiring an I.A.A.F. Permit I.-The I.A.A.F. alone shall have the right to organise or sanction World, Area or Group Championships for Athletics. 2.-The l.A.A.F. shall organise World Championships in Athletics in the third year of each Olympiad. 3 (a) Area or Group Championships or Games, Inter-Continental Matches; Meetings of Five or more countries. Sanction of the LA.A.F. is required, unless the I.A.A.F. Council decides otherwise, for all Area or Group Championships or Games, for Inter-Continental matches and for any other athletic meetings in which teams from five or more countries participate. The application for a permit must be made to the l.A.A.F., accompanied by a fee of ÂŁ100 sterling (or its equivalent in other currencies) by the sponsoring Member for such sanction except for the Olympic Games. All application forms must be completed in detail and lodged at the headquarters of the LA.A.F. not later than twelve months prior

3 (b) International Invitation Meetings Sanction of the l.A.A.F. is required for International Invitation Meetings under Rule 12, 1 (e). The application for a permit must be made on the official form, accompanied by a fee of ÂŁ100 sterling or its equivalent in other currencies, by the Member concerned on behalf of the Meeting organisers. All application forms must be completed in detail and lodged at the I.A.A.F. Headquarters not later than September 1st in the year prior to the meeting in question. NOTE.-Details of how to obtain sanction for a Meeting under 12, 1 (e) and of the conditions which must be met before sanction is given, are to be found in separate rules for I.A.A.F. Invitation Meetings which are printed in the annual Directory/Calendar (available from the I.A.A.F. Bureau upon request). 4.-The I.A.A.F. shall designate a representative to attend every meeting where sanction is required at the expense of the organisers, to ensure that the rules and regulations of the LA.A.F. are complied with. The travelling expenses of this representative shall be paid to

RULES 12,13

RULE 13

-------

him by the Organiser not later than fourteen days prior to his departure to the venue. i The choice of airline shall be left to the discretion of the representative and in cases involving flights over one thousand five hundred miles, business class return air travel shall be provided. Accommodation expenses shall also be paid by the Organisers not later than the final day of the Championships or the athletic section of the Games. Such representative shall render his report to the LA.A.F. within thirty days thereafter.

Assistance for Amateur Athletes The following Rules 14-17 are based on the principle that an athlete's health must not suffer, nor must he or she be placed at a social or material disadvantage as a result of his or her preparation for or participation in the sport of athletics. An athlete's national Federation shall control such material and financial assistance as may be reasonable and necessary to assure this. NOTE. -

RULE 14 Expenses 1. -The following rules shall apply to expenses allowed to athletes competing in International Meetings under Rule 12 (1):These shall be limited to the daily allowance and to the actual outlay for transport, travel, insurance, meals, lodging a subvention for hardship for the minimum time they are reqUired to be absent from their normal residence. (a) Expenses payable in respect of Meetings under Rule 12 (1) (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (0 and (g) shall be a matter for decision by the Member or Members concerned. 2.-The. daily allowance for the out-of-pocket expenses to athletes must not exceed U.S. $10 or its equivalent in other currencies, payable for the minimum time they are required to be absent from their normal residence. A specially authorised per diem allowance of up to $50 or its equivalent in local currency may be paid to participating athletes in International Invitation Meetings specifically sanctioned by the I.A.A.F. Council See Rule 12.I(e). 3.-(a) National governing bodies must strictly control all financial transactions. (b) The athlete's own national governing body may authorise the national governing body under whose jurisdiction he is for the time being competing to refund to the athlete expenses as defined in paragraph 1. 4.-Payment of expenses in respect of competition under Rule 12.1 paragraphs (e), (0 and (g) is limited to a total of 60 days in each calendar year. RULE 15 Provision of Equipment and Servic.es Athletes may accept assistance in the form of equipment and services RULE 13

RULES 14, 15

required for training and competition, subject to the control of the national governing body. Such assistance may include the following items:(a) Sports equipment and clothing; When manufacturers are prepared to provide free issues of implements or personal equipment, distribution shall be controlled through the national governing body. (b) Insurance cover for accidents, illness, disability and personal property; (c) Cost of medical treatment and physiotherapy; (d) Coaches and trainers authorised by the national governing body. If an athlete is authorised to avail himself of the services of a doctor for medical treatment or a masseur or coach, accounts should be submitted and payments made direct to the doctor, masseur or coach and not through the athlete; (e) Accommodation, Food, Transport, Education and Professional Training. RULE 16 Subventions to Assist Athletes I.-Where a national governing body, after full investigation, considers it appropriate, it may provide, or arrange for the provision of a subvention to an athlete to assist him in the expenses incurred in training for or participation in any competition under Rule 12.1 paragraphs (a) to (g). 2.-An athlete must not accept any subvention without the prior permission in writing of his national governing body. 3.-The Council of the I.A.A.F. may request information from Members concerning the payments of any such subventions.

3.-A copy of such regulations must be sent for registration to the General Secretary of the LA.A.F. within three months of the regulations becoming effective. 4.-The Funds may be applied in the provision of assistance to athletes in compliance with Rules 14, 15 and 16. 5.-If monies in a fund established under this Rule are paid to an athlete or disbursed at his request, except under Rules 14, 15 and 16, the athlete concerned shall automatically cease to be eligible to compete at any level of will be permitted once an athlete has become mehglble under thiS rule.

Bye-Laws and Guidelines for Administration of Athletic Funds NOTE. - The detailed regulations for the administration of athletic funds will depend upon the laws and practice of each country. However the following guidelines should be followed. (a) In any contract for sponsorship, equipment, advertising or participation, or any other item for which athletic funds receive a b?nefit under Rule 53 (viii) only the Member may be a party to the contract with the advertiser or sponsor.

RULE 17 Athletic Funds I.-Funds may be established for the benefit of athletes. Such "athletic funds" may include monies arising under Rule 53 (viii) or from other permitted sources. 2.-The funds must be held, controlled and administered by a Member Federation. The Member must establish regulations for the administration of the Funds, which must comply with the I.A.A.F. Rules, particularly Rules 14-17, and with its own national, legal and administrative provisions.

(b) Any monies payable under the contract must be paid to the Member. The contract must not permit the advertiser or his agent to control the events in which the athlete participates. (c) At the time of establishing the Athletic Funds the following information should be made available. (i) detailed administrative arrangements (ii) acknowledgement of any obligations to the athlete(s) to . the Member, sponsors, etc. (d) Where a contract entered into required the use of an athlete's athlete's name, person or image for advertising purposes, consent to the detailed arrangements must be obtamed. (e) Payment of the Athletic Fund to athletes or their personal representatives is permitted in the following circumstances:(a) Voluntary retirement from competition. (b) Unavoidable retirement because of ill!!ess or injury. (c) Death prior to retirement from competition. (f) Athletes must not assign, charge or mortgage the Athletic Fund or in any way borrow against it.

RULES 15, 16, 17

RULE 17

RULE 18 Advertising within the Arena

Advertising Boards I.-At International meetings under Rule 12.1(a), (b), (c), (e) and (f), advertising boards within the arena enclosed by the running track or elsewhere where competition is taking place are not permitted. There is no objection to advertising material outside the stadium or inside the stadium but outside the competition area. Advertisements may also appear in programmes and on notices or posters of the meeting. Meeting Organisers may also acknowledge the sponsors of meetings by official announcements made at the commencement of the meeting and immediately after the last event. Technical Equipment 2.--Manufacturers' names, labels or trade marks on equipment used within the competition arena must be limited to one mark on each piece of equipment and the height of the characters or trade mark must not exceed 3Omm. Such equipment shall include: hurdles, cross-bars, lap-bells, throwing implements, etc. Only manufacturers who produce the equipment may place their labels or trademarks on this equipment. High Jump/Pole Vault Landing Areas 3.-These landing areas can have one or two manufacturers' names or labels on them, one on each side and at right angles to the approach. The height of the characters shall be one tenth of the height of the landing area, up to a maximum of lOcm. Electronic Equipment 4.-At meetings under Rule 12. 1(a), (b), (c), (e) and (f), each piece of electronic equipment used for measuring, timekeeping or conveying information can be identified with one label/trade mark, the characters or size of which shall not exceed IOcm in height. In addition, at the discretion of the Organising Committee, the manufacturer's name may appear in the arena on a maximum of two signs or boards, each of which does not exceed 200cm x 4Ocm. Once positioned, these signs or boards may not be moved during the competition. Clothing 5.-0ne identification of the manufacturer (logo, name or combination) may appear on each article of clothing worn by athletes, officials or judges (vests, shorts, track-suits, socks, etc), the maximum area of which shall be 15 sq. cm with a maximum height of 4cm.

RULE 18

6.-At certain meetings (see paragraphs 8-11), advertisements may be allowed on vests and track-suits, but not on any other article of clothing. This shall apply when a National Federation or a nationally registered club has a sponsor and the advertising identifies the sponsor in question. In such cases, the sponsor's name, logo or name and logo combined, may not exceed 4cm in height, and may only appear on the vest and/or track-suit. - 7.-Individual athlete's sponsorship for vest and track-suit advertising is not allowed. . 8.-At meetings under Rule 12.1(a), (b) and (c), athletes are forbidden to wear a vest or track-suit which bears any advertising/ sponsor identification. 9.-At meetings under Rule 12.1(d) advertising is permitted, provided the competing countries agree. . 1O.-At meetings under Rule 12.I(e), (f) and (g), club or national vests may be worn with the advertising of a sponsor authorised by the athlete's national governing body. 11.-At meetings outside Rule 12.1(a) to (g), i.e. domestic competition, advertising on vests/track-suits is permitted under the conditions outlined above in Rule 18.5, 6 and 7. 12.-No athlete may display on his person, while competing, any advertising material other than the accepted name of the sponsor of his club or organisation. Nor shall he take onto the arena or cou.rse any form of advertising material. This rule shall apply to clothing and travelling bags, but does not apply to articles not clearly visible, not to competitors' number cards. Competitors' Number Cards B.-The overall size of the number cards shall be 24cm x 20cm and the height of the numbers shall be a minimum of 12cm. 14.-The name of a sponsor may appear on a competitor's number card either above or below the number. The height of the characters shall not exceed 4cm. The names of two or more sponsors shall not appear simultaneously on the number cards at LA.A.F. competitions under Rule 12.1 (a) to (g). The same style of number shall be issued to and worn by all competitors, and such numbers shall not be cut or folded in any way. Clubs Jponsored by Commercial Firms . 1S.-If the national governing body agrees, a commercially sponsored club may be registered in the name of the sponsor. 71

RULE 18

Alternatively if the national governing body agrees, the name of not more than one sponsor may be added to, or incorporated within, an existing established club name. 16.-The name of the sponsor may appear in the club name on the front or back of the vest andlor track-suit, but not both, with a maximum height of 4cm. The name of the club and the sponsor must be the same size. Alternatively, the name of the sponsor may appear separately on the front or back of the vest andlor track-suit, but not both, with a maximum height of 4cm. No competition organiser or sponsor shall require an athlete or club to remove or reduce the size of any permitted sponsor identification without the approval of the national governing body in the country where the meeting is taking place. 17.-An athlete may not join a commercially sponsored club in another country without the permission of his National Federation. Such permission shall only be given when the athlete is genuinely resident in that other country. (See also Rule 18.6) 18.-International commercial track clubs, i.e. clubs whose membership includes athletes from different countries shall not be permitted except in accordance with Rule 18.17. RULE 19 Arbitration Panel Composition and Nomination:

1.-The Panel shall consist of six persons. The members of the Panel shall be elected by Congress for a period of four years from the nominations approved by Council. 2.-Area Group Associations shall nominate not more than two people, who normally reside in their Area, these nomination.s to be received at least three months before the Congress at WhlCh the elections are to be held. A curriculum vitae must accompany each nomination. 3.-Persons must be nominated on the basis of their legal training and experience, their ability, their impartiality, and their knowledge and experience of amateur athletics and/or amateur sport in general. 4.-A person may not be nominated if he:(i) is a member of the LA.A.F. Council or of an LA.A.F. Committee or is a member of the Council of an Area Group Association or RULES 18,19

(ii) sits as a delegate of his Member Federation at the Congress

during the period of his election or (iii) cannot speak English or French 5.-All nominations must be considered by the Council on the basis of the requirements detailed in paragraph 19.3, before the Congress at which the electioJl is to be held. Once elected the six Arbitrators shall nominate a Chairman for a period of 2 years from amongst their number. 6.-If, while a person is a member of the Panel, he should die or wishes to retire, the Council shall appoint a replacement until the next Congress meeting at which the elections are to be held. 7.-When in session, the Panel shall consist of three persons ("the Arbitrators") one of whom may be the Chairman nominated in Rule 19.5, who shall sit on a rotational basis, except that a person shall not sit if he is a citizen of a country which is one of the parties to a dispute, or, where appropriate, comes from the country or territory in which the athlete's Member Federation is based. Referral: . 8.-The following matters shall be referred, lf at all, to the Panel:(i) where a Member or alleged Member considers that the Congress has misdirected itself on its suspensive powers under Rule 11.5 (ii) where a Member or alleged Member considers that the Council has misdirected itself on its suspensive powers under Rule 11.2 subject to the proviso set out in that rule (iii) where a Member or alleged Member, an Area Group Association, the Council or Congress considers, as appropriate, that the Council or Congress has misdirected itself on their interpretation of any other rule (iv) where a Member has imposed sanctions upon an athlete as a result of the LA.A.F.'s investigations upon matters arising under Rule 144 - "Doping", and the athlete considers that the investigation was not carried out by the LA.A.F. in accordance with Rule 144 and the recommended doping procedures (v) where an athlete has been found by the LA.A.F. to have incited or assisted another athlete to take forbidden substances and that athlete considers that the investigations were not carried out in accordance with Rule 144 and the recommended doping procedures

RULE 19

----------

-------

Procedure: 9.-A matter shall be referred to the Panel under Rule 11.9, if at all, within three months of the date upon which the decision complained of was made. 1O.-A matter shall be referred to the Panel by notice in writing to the General Secretary, together with a statement setting out in detail all of the facts and matters which the Area Group Association, Member or Athlete, or which the President, (on behalf of the Council or Congress), wishes the Arbitrators to consider before reaching a decision. The notice shall be accompanied by a nonrefundable deposit of ÂŁ250, except where a matter is referred by an athlete under Rule 11.8(iv) or (v). 11.-The Generai Secretary must, within two weeks of receipt of the notice, inform all members of the Panel of the referral and will send to all members of the Panel copies of the statement and the names of the Arbitrators according to the rota. If one or more of the Arbitrators may not sit for the reasons set out in Rule 11.7, the Chairman shall nominate the next Arbitrator on the rota. 12.-The Chairman shall by notice in writing within two weeks of receipt of the notice, from the General Secretary:(i) inform the LA.A.F. President and the relevant Member(s), and/or Area Group Association, and/or Athlete, as appropriate, of the names of the Arbitrators; (ii) inform them of a time, (which shall be not more thanfourteen or less than twelve weeks thereafter), and of a place at which the Arbitrators will meet to discuss the matter referred, and to hear any arguments which the relevant parties may wish to put forward; (iii) send a copy of the Statement enclosed with the Notice of referral to all of the other relevant parties who shall submit to the Chairman (or to a Senior Arbitrator appointed by the Chairman) within four weeks, a detailed Statement in Response, setting out all the facts and matters which they in turn wish the Arbitrators to consider before they reach a decision. This Statement, or these Statements in Response shall be sent by the Chairman or by the Senior Arbitrator to the other two Arbitrators - the party which, or who, referred the matter to the Panel, and - the other relevant parties, within two weeks after receipt. 13.-The Arbitrators shall have the power:(i) to extend the time within which a Statement in Response must be submitted;

and/or (ii) to postpone for no more than three weeks the original date at which they were to have met to discuss the matter referred; and/or (iii) to change the place at which they were to have met to discuss the matter referred if, in their opinion, it would be just and fair so to do. 14.-Where a matter is referred by an athlete under Rule 11.8(iv) or (v) the Arbitrators shall meet to discuss the matter referred in a place as convenient to the athlete as is, in their view, reasonable and practicable in all the circumstances. 15.-No formal procedure shall be followed at the meeting, but all of the relevant parties shall be given, in the opinion of the Arbitrators, a fair and reasonable opportunity to be heard. ft.ill athlete, where a matter is referred under Rule 11.8(iv) or (v), is entItled to be heard by legal Counsel. Other interested parties may be heard by legal Counsel if the Arbitrators so agree in advance in writing. No fact or matter may be raised at the meeting by any of the relevant partie,s which has not been set out in detail in the written Statement or in the Statement in Response, unless the Arbitrators consider that it would be fair and reasonable in all the circumstances for it so to be raised. 16.-The Arbitrators may call any other person or representative of any body to address them on any aspect of a matter referred to them. 17.-Having considered the written Statement and the Statements in Response, and having heard the relevant parties, and any other person called by the Arbitrators, at the meeting, the Arbitrators shall reach their decision and the Chairman or Senior Arbitrator shall communicate it to all the relevant parties and to the President and the General Secretary within two weeks after the meeting. The decision shall be final and binding upon all of. the relevant parties, and upon all Members of the LA.A.F., provided the Congress approves. The Arbitrators shall not be obliged to give any reasons for their decisions. The decision shall have immediate effect and the fact of referral and the decision shall be set out in the next notice being sent by the General Secretary to all Members of the I.A.A.F. 18.-The Arbitrators may, in their discretion, require one or more of the relevant parties to bear a part or all of the costs and disbursements incurred by another relevant party or parties, or by

RULE 19

the Arbitrators, except that they shall not require an athlete, where a matter is referred under Rule 11.8(iv) or (v) to bear the costs of any other relevant party. Normally the LA.A.F. will pay the Arbitrators' costs and disbursements, and Members of the LA.A.F. andlor Area Group Associations will bear their own costs and disbursements. RULE 20 Authority for Rules The Council shall be the interpreter of the LA.A.F. Rules. All matters not provided for under lAAF Rules shall be decided by the Council. Decisions in matters of legislation shall become operative only after the approval of Congress has been given.

RULES 19, 20

ELIGIBILITY AND AMATEUR STATUS RULE 51 Definition of Amateur An amateur is one who abides by the eligibility rules of the LA.A.F. RULE 52 Restriction of Competition to Amateurs Competition under LA.A.F. rules is restricted to amateur athletes who are under the jurisdiction of a Member, and who are eligible to compete under I.A.A.F. Rules. RULE 53 Ineligibility for International and Domestic Competition The following persons are ineligible to take part in competitions whether held under LA.A.F. rules or the domestic rules of the Member. Any person 'whQ:(i) has raken part in any athletic meeting or event in which any of the competitors were, to his knowledge, ineligible to compete under LA.A.F. Rules. This does not apply to any athletic meeting which is restricted to the Veteran age groups (40 years and over for men and 35 years and over for women); (ii) takes part in any athletic meeting which is not sanctioned, recognised or certified by the Member in the country in which the event is held; (iii) is, and for so long as he remains, ineligible to compete in competitions under the jurisdiction of his national governing body; (iv) contravenes Rule 144 ("Doping") (a) For offences involving ephedrine or its derivatives: - first offence - for a minimum of 3 months from the date of the offence - second offence - for 2 years from the date of the offence - third offence - for life. Cb) For offences involving other substances on the list of (mnned classes: - first offence - for 2 years from the date of the offence - second offence - for life. 77

RULES 51, 52, 53

(v) has competed in any sport for pecuniary reward, other than as permitted by I .A.A.F. Rules, or by special sanction of the Council. However, upon application by a Member, the Council is empowered, in its absolute discretion, to declare eligible any person who is competing or has formerly competed for pecuniary reward in any sport other than athletics. Reinstatement of professionals in other sports and their eligibility to compete should be done by the LA.A.F. Council only in exceptional cases, considered case by case, and only if there are vital reasons, submitted officially by the National Federation of the athlete. (vi) has at any time been financially interested in any athletic meeting in which he was entered, except where his participation is the subject of a contract between his Federation and the Organiser of an I.A.A.F. International Invitation Meeting (Rule 12.I(eÂť for which an agreed sum is paid to the National Federation; (vii) writes, lectures .or broadcasts for payment upon any track or field event or competition without the prior permission in writing of his national governing body. This permission must be given only in the case of a person who is genuinely making a career in that particular activity; (viii) allows his name, picture or athletic performance to be used for advertising, except when this is connected with a contract for sponsorship or equipment entered into by his national governing body, and any resulting payment or benefit goes to the national governing body. The national governing body after deducting any percentage considered appropriate, can pay the remaining part of such sponsorship payment or benefit to an athletic fund (see Rule

I (ix)

(xii) who- uses the services of a commercial agent, sponsor or manufacturer to plan, arrange or enter into negotiations on his behalf in connection with his athletic programme. RULE 54 Guarantee by National Governing Body In any competition under I.A.A.F. Rules, the eligibility of an athlete competing shall be guaranteed by the governing body of the country to which the athlete belongs. -

17).

contravenes Rule 18 (Advertising within the Arena).

NOTE.-It is permitted for an athlete to benefit from such contracts only within the limits laid down in Rules 15 and 16. (x) accepts directly or indirectly any money or other consideration for expenses or loss of earnings, other than what is permitted under Rules 14, 15 and 16; (xi) enters into a contract or agreement to compete as a professional athlete. RULE 53

RULES 53,54

-_._-----

--.-

_.----_._-

---

DIVISION III RULES for MEN'S AND WOMEN'S INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIONS RULE 101 All international competitions, as defined in Rule 1, shall be held under the Rules of the International Amateur Athletic Federation and this shall be stated in all announcements, advertisements, programmes and printed matter. IAAF Rules shall be applicable to men's and women's competitions.

NOTE.-It is recommended that Members adopt the Rules of the I.AA.F. for the conduct of their own athletic meetings. RULE 102 Age Groups The following Age groups apply to IAAF Competitions: Junior Men Any athlete under the age of 20 years on 31st 11 and Women: December in the year of the competition. Veteran Men: Any male athlete of 40 years of age and over on the 31st December in the year of the competition. Veteran Women: Any female athlete of 35 years of age and over on the 31st December in the year of the competition. SECTION 1 - OFFICIALS RULE 105 International Officials At competitions organised under Rule 12.1(a) and (b), the following officials should be appointed internationally: RULES 101, 102, 105

(i) Organisational Delegate(s) (ii) Technical Delegate(s) (iii) Medical Delegate (iv) International Technical Officials (v) International Walking Judges (vi) Jury of Appeal The number of officials in each category shall be indicated in the current IAAF Competition Regulations. At competitions organised under Rule 12.1(a): The selection of persons under (i), (ii), (iii) and (vi) is made by the IAAF Council. The selection of persons under (iv) is made by the IAAF Council from a list prepared by the Technical Committee. The selection of persons under (v) is made by the lAAF Council from a list prepared by the Walking Committee. At competitions organised under Rule 12.1 (b) these persons will be selected by the relevant Area Associations. The LA.A.F. Council shall approve criteria of selection, qualification and eJuties of the above mentioned officials. LA.A.F. Members shall have the right to suggest suitably qualified persons for selection. -

RULE 106 The Duties of the Organisational Delegates The Organisational Delegates shall maintain close liaison with the Organising Committee at all times and report regularly to the LA.A.F. Council and they shall deal as necessary with matters concerning duties and financial responsibilities of the Organising Member and the Organising Committee. They shall co-operate with the Technical Delegate(s). RULE 107 The Duties of the Technical Delegates The Technical Delegates, in conjunction with the Organising Committee, which body shall afford them all necessary help, are responsible for ensuring that all the technical arrangements are in complete conformity with LA.A.F. Technical Rules. Details of the implements to be permitted and used should be published at least 2 years before t1...: competition. . The Technical Delegates shall submit to the appropriate body proposals for the timetable of events and the entry standards, and 81

RULES 105, 106, 107

shall determine the qualifying standatds for the field events, and the basis on which heats and qualifying rounds shall be drawn for track events. They shall ensure that the Technical Regulations are issued to all competing Members in good time before the competition. The Technical Delegates are responsible for all other technical preparations necessary for the holding of the athletic events. They shall control the entries and hhve the right to reject them for technical reasons. (Rejection for reasons other than technical must result from a ruling of the appropriate lAAF or Area Council. They shall arrange heats and qualifying rounds and the groups for the combined competitions. The Technical Delegates shall submit written reports as appropriate on the preparations for the competition. They shall co-operate with the Organisational Delegate(s). RULE 108 The Duties of the Medical Delegate The Medical Delegate shall contact the Organising Committee immediately after his appointment. The Medical Delegate shall have ultimate authority on all medical matters. He shall ensure that adequate facilities for medical examination, treatment and emergency care will be available at the site of the competition and that medical attention can be provided where athletes are accommodated. RULE 109 International Technical Officials The Technical Delegate shall assign one International Technical Official for every event on the programme. The International Technical Official shall provide all necessary support to the Chief Judge of the event. They must be present at all times when an event to which they have been assigned is in progress and should ensure that the conduct of the competition is in full conformity with I.A.A.F. Competition Rules. They shall not in any way interfere with the conduct of the event. However, if a problem arises or if they observe any matter whichÂˇ in their opinion requires comment, they should, in the first instance, bring it to the attention of the Chief Judge of the event and if necessary, offer advice as to what should be done. If the matter is RULES 107, 108, 109,

still not resolved it shall be referred to the IAAF Technical Delegate(s). At the conclussion of the event they shall also sign the result sheet.

RULE 110 International Walking Judges Walking Judges appointed for all International Meetings must act in conformity with IAAF Rule 191.

RULE III Jury of Appeal At all competitions organised under Rule 12.1(a), (b) and (c), a Jury of Appeal which should normally consist of three or five persons, shall be appointed. Furthermore a Jury should likewise be appointed at other meetings the organisers deem it desirable or necessary in the interest of the proper conduct of the competitions. The primary functions of the Jury shall be to deal with all protests under Rule 147, and with any matters arising during the course of the meeting which are referred to it for decision. Its decision shall be final. If International Technical Officials have not been appointed for any competition held under Rule 12.1 (a) to (g), the Jury of Appeal shall have the authority to act in accordance with Rule 109, paragraph 4. Decisions involving points which are not covered by the Rules shall be reported subsequently by the President of the Jury to the General Secretary of the LA.A.F. (See also Rule 147 - "Protests")

RULE Il2 Officials of the Meeting

The Organisers of a meeting shall appoint all officials, subject to the Rules ofthe Member in whose country the meeting is held and, in 83

RULES 109, 110, 111, 112

------

the case of competition under Rule 12./ (a), (b) or (c), subject to the Rules and procedures of the appropriate international organisation. The following list comprises the officials considered necessary for major international meetings. The Organisers may, however, vary this according to local circumstances. MANAGEMENT OFFICIALS

One Manager One Secretary One Technical Manager (Clerk of'the Course) One or two Technical Delegates (to be appointed by the LA.A.F. or the relevant Area Association) JURY OF APPEAL. COMPETITION OFFICIALS

One (or more) Referee for Track Events One (or more) referee for Field Events One Referee for events outside the Stadium One Chief Judge and three (or more) Judges for Track Events One Chief Judge and three (or more) Judges for Walking Events Four (or more) Umpires for Track Events Three (or more) Timekeepers One (or more) Starter One (or more) Recaller One (or more) Starter's Assistant or Marksman One (or more) Lap Scorer One (or more) Recorder One (or more) Marshal One (or more) Wind Gauge Operator One Chief Photofinish Judge Two Assistant Photofinish Judges One (or more) Measurement Judge (Electronics) ADDITIONAL OFFICIALS

One (or more) Announcer One Official Surveyor One (or more) Doctor Stewards for Competitors, Officials and Press. Referees and Chief Judges should wear a distinctive armband or badge. If deemed necessary, assistants may be appointed. Care should however be taken to keep the arena as free from officials as possible. Where women's events are held, there shall be appointed a woman doctor when possible. RULE 112

-----

---

RULE 113 The Manager The Manager shall be responsible for the correct conduct of the Meeting. He shall check that all officials have reported for duty, appoint substitutes when necessary and, in co-operation with the appointed Marshal, arrange that only authorised persons are allowed in the centre of the arena. RULE 114 The Secretary The Secretary shall be responsible for convening and minuting all relevant committee meetings. He shall be in charge of all administrative arrangements, including correspondence. RULE 115 The Technical Manager (Clerk of the Course) The Technical Manager, under the direction of the Manager of the Meeting, shalL be responsible for ensuring that the track, runways, circles, arcs, sectors, landing areas for field events and all equipment are in accordance with lAAF Rules and that results cards are prepared. (See also Rule 126). RULE 116 Referees l.-A seperate Referee shall be appointed for track events, for field events and for running and walking events outside the stadium. The Referee for events outside the stadium shall have no jurisdiction over matters that are within the responsibilities of the Chief Judge of walking events. (See Rule 191). 2.-Referees shall ensure that the Rules are observed and shall decide upon any matters which arise during the meeting and for which provision has not been made in these Rules. The Referee for track events shall have jurisdiction to decide placings in a race, only when the Judges of the disputed place(s) are unable to arrive at a decision. The Referee s'"'all not act as a Judge or Umpire. 3. -The appropriate Referee shall check all final res!llts, shall deal with any disputed points, and, in the case of field events, shall supervise the measurements of record performances.

RULES 113, 114, 115, 116

- - -

-----

4.-The appropriate Referee shall rule on any protest or objection regarding the conduct of the competition. He shall have authority to warn, or exclude from the competition, any competitor guilty of improper conduct. 5.-If in the opinion of the Referee circumstances arise at any meeting such that justice demands that any event should be contested again, he shall have authority to declare the event void and it shall be held again, either on the same day or on some future occasion, as he shall decide. (See also Rule 141.1). 6.-The Referee shall have authority to change the place of the competition in any field event, if in his opinion the conditions justify it. Such a change shall be made only after a round is completed (See

Rule 142.5). 7.-At the conclusion of each event, the result card shall be completed immediately, signed by the Referee and handed to the Recorder. (See also Rule 123). RULE 117 Judges

General I.-The Chief Judge for track events and the Chief Judge for each field shall allocate the duties among the Judges for their 11 respective events.

Track Events, and Road Events finishing on the Track. 2.-The Judges, who must all operate from the same side of the track, shall decide the order in which the competitors finish and, in any case where they cannot arrive at a decision, shall refer the matter to the Referee, who shall decide. NOTE 1. - The Judges should be placed at least five metres from, and in line with the finish and should be provided with an elevated platform. Field Events

3.-The Judges shall judge and record each trial and measure each valid trial of the competitors in all events in which the result is determined by height or distance. In the high jump and pole vault, precise measurements should be made when the bar is raised, particularly if records are being attempted. At least two Judges should keep a record of all trials, checking their recordings at the end of each round. RULES 116, 117

-------

- - -

The appropriate Judge shall indicate the validity or non-validity of a trial by raising a white or red flag, as appropriate. RULE 1I8 Umpires (Track Events) I.-Umpires are assistants to the Referee without authority to make final decisions. 2.-The Umpire shall be placed by the Referee in such a position that he may observe the competition closely and, in the case of a foul or violation of the rules by a competitor or other person, make an immediate written report of the incident to the Referee. 3.-Any such breach of the rules should be indicated by the raising of a red flag. 4.-A sufficient number of Umpires should also be appointed to supervise the take-over zones in relay races.

NOTE.-When an Umpire observes that a runner has run in a different lane from his own, or that a relay changeover has taken place outside the take-over zone, he should immediately mark on the track with suitable material the place where the infringement took place. RULE 119 Timekeepers I.-Two methods of timekeeping shall be recognised as official:hand timing (Rule 119) and fully automatic electrical timing (Rule 160).

Hand timing:

2.-Hand times shall be taken by timekeepers using either stopwatches or manually operated electronic timers with digital readouts. All such timing devices are included in the word "watches" throughout this rule. 3.-The Timekeepers shall be in line with the finish and outside the track. Wherever possible, they should be placed at least five metres from the outside lane of the track. In order that they may all have a good view of the finish line, an elevated stand should be provided. 4.-Three official timekeepers (one of whom shall be the Chief Timekeeper) and one or two additional timekeepers shall time the winner of every event. The times recorded by .the additional Timekeepers' watches shall not be considered unless one or more of 87

RULES 117, 118, 119

the official Timekeepers' watches fails to record the time correctly, in which case the additional Timekeepers shall be called upon, in such order as has been decided previously, so that in all the races, three watches should have recorded the official winning time. Whenever possible, times for all finishers, lap times in races of 800 metres and over and times at every 1000 metres in races of 3000 metres and over, shall be recorded, either by additional Timekeepers or by first place Timekeepers using watches capable of taking more than one time. 5.-Each Timekeeper shall act independently and without showing his watch to, or discussing his time with, any other person, enter his time on the official form and, after signing it, hand it to the Chief Timekeeper who may examine the watches to verify the reported times. 6.-The Chief Timekeeper shall then decide the official time for each competitor, applying as necessary the provisions of this rule and provide the result for publication. 7.-The Chief Photo-finish Judge shall be responsible for the functioning of the timing device. In conjunction with his two Assistants, he shall determine the places of the competitors and their respective times.

---

-----

NOTE.-For events of 2oom, 4oom, 400m Hurdles, 4xlOOm, 4 x 400m Relays, there shall be at least two Recallers.

4.-Each recaller shall place himself so that he can see each competitor assigned to him. 5.-The warning and disqUalification referred to in Rule 162.7 may be applied only by the Starter. RULE 121 Starter's Assistants I.-The Starter's Assistants shall check that the competitors are competing in the correct heat or race and that their numbers are worn correctly. Stations in events at all distances shall be numbered from left to right, facing the direction of running. 2.-They must place each competitor in his correct lane or station, assembling the competitors on an assembly line three metres behind the starting line (in the case of races started in echelon, similarly behind each starting line). When this has been completed, they shall signal to the Starter that all is ready. When a fresh start is ordered the Starter's Assistants shall assemble the competitors again. 3.-The Starter's Assistants shall be responsible for the readiness of batons for the first runners in a relay race. 4.-When the Starter has ordererd the competitors to their marks, the Starter's Assistants must ensure that Rule 162.4 is observed.

RULE 120 The Starter and Recallers 1.-The Starter shall have entire control of the competitors on their marks and shall be the sole judge of any fact connected with the start of the race. The Starter shall ascertain that the Timekeepers and Judges are ready. 2.-In all races started in lanes, the Starter should use a microphone to relay his commands to loudspeakers placed in each lane. Where such a device is not used, the Starter shall so place himself that the distance between him and each of the competitors is approximately the same. Where, however, the Starter cannot place himself in such a position, the gun or similar apparatus should be placed there and discharged by electric contact. (See also Rule 162). 3.-0ne or more Recallers shall be provided to assist the Starter.

RULE 122 Lap Scorers I.-Lap Scorers shall keep a record of the laps completed by all competitors in races from 1500 to 5000 metres. For races exceeding 5000 metres and for Walking events a number of Lap Scorers under the direction of the Referee shall be appointed and provided with lap scoring cards on which they shall record the times over each lap (as given to them by an Official Timekeeper) of the competitors for whom they are responsible. No Lap Scorer should record for more than four competitors (six in the case of Walking events). 2.-An additional Lap Scorer shall be appointed to notify to each competitor the number of laps which he still has to complete. He shall signal the final lap, usually by ringing a bell.

RULES 119, 120

RULES 120, 121, 122

RULE 123 The Recorder The recorder shall collect the full results of each event, details of which shall be provided by the Referee, the Chief Timekeeper or Chief Photo-Finish Judge and the Wind-gauge Operator. He shall immediately relay these details to the Announcer, note the time this is done, record the results and hand the result sheet to the Manager of the Meeting. (See Rule 116.7 and Rule 125). RULE 124 The Marshall The Marshall shall have control of the arena and shall not allow any persons other than the officials and competitors assembled to compete, to enter and remain therein. RULE 125 The Announcer The Announcer shall inform the public of the names and numbers of the competitors taking part in each event, and all relevant information such as the composition of the heats, lanes or stations drawn, and intermediate times. The result (placings, times, heights and distances) of each event should be announced at the earliest possible moment after receipt of the information from the Recorder. (See also Rule 123).

RULE 127 The Wind Gauge Operator The wind gauge operator shall ensure that the gauge is erected in accordance with Rule 149. He shall ascertain the velocity of the wind in the running direction in appropriate events and shall then record and sign the results obtained and communicate them to the Recorder. RULE 128 The Measurement Judge (Electronics) A measurement Judge shall be appointed when electronic distance measurement is to be used. Before the start of the meeting, he will meet the technical staff involved and familiarise himself with the equipment. - Before the event he will supervise the positioning of the measuring instruments, taking account of the technical requirements given by the technical staff. During the competition he will remain in overall charge of the operation. He will report to the Field Event Referee to certify that all the measurements are correct.

RULE 126 The Official Surveyor The Track and distances which are to be contested, as well as the circles, arcs, sectors and other measurements relating to the Field events, shall have been measured in advance by an official surveyor. He shall furnish to the Technical Manager and the Referees before the Meeting, certificates as to correctness. NOTE. - The Official Surveyor must be given the opportunity to acquaint himself with the relevant documents of the stadium. RULES 123, 124, 125, 126

RULES 127, 128

- - - - - - - -

SECTION 11 - GENERAL

RULE 138 Entries I.-Competitions under lAAF Rules are restricted to athletes who satisfy lAAF Eligibility Rules (See Rules 51 to 54). 2.-No athlete shall be allowed to compete outside his own country unless his eligibility is guaranteed by his National Governing Body and he has permission from such body to compete. In all international competitions, such guarantee of eligibility of an athlete shall be accepted unless an objection as to his status is made to the lAAF.

Women's Events 3.-For all meetings under Rule 12.I(a), (b) and (c) the Organising Committee shall appoint a Medical Panel for the purpose of conducting femininity testing. When an athlete has been declared eligible to compete in Women's Events by such a Medical panel, that Panel shall forward to the IAAF the name and full details of the athlete for inclusion on a central register. 4.-For all meetings under Rules 12.I(a), (b) and (c) it is a condition of participation in Women's Events that athletes have undergone a femininity test. Failure to participate 5.-At all meetings under Rule l2.I(a), (b) and (c), it is recommended that a competitor be excluded from participation in all further events in the competition, including relays, in cases where: (1) a final confirmation was given that the athlete would start in an event but then he failed to participate without giving a valid reason, so that it was not practicable to delete that name officially from the list of starters for that event; (2) he qualified in preliminaries or heats for further participation in an event but then did not compete further without giving a valid reason. NOTE:-A fIXed time for the final confirmation of starters should be published in advance. RULE 138

RULE 139 Clothing, Shoes and Numbers

Clothing I.-In all events competitors must wear clothing which is clean, designed and worn so as not to be objectionable. The clothing must be made of a material which is non-transparent even if wet. The competitors must not wear clothing which could impede the view of the judges. At aJI meetings under Rule 12.1(a) to (d), competitors shall participate in the uniform clothing approved by their National Governing Body. At all meetings under Rules 12.1(e) to (g), competitors shall participate in national uniform clothing or in club clothing officially approved by their National Governing Body. The Victory Ceremony is considered part of the competition for this purpose. Shoes 2.-Competitors may compete in bare feet or with footwear on one or both feet. The purpose of shoes for competition is to give protection and stabIlity to the feet and a firm grip on the ground. Such shoes, however, must not be constructed so as to give the competitor any additional assistance, and no spring or device of any kind may be incorporated in the shoes. A shoe strap over the instep is permitted. At all meetings under Rule 12.1 (a) and (b) staged on more than one day the relevant team official must inform the Organising Committee on a special form of the make of competition shoe to be worn by his athlete(s). No athlete will be permitted to change the make of his shoe for the duration of that meeting. Athletes entered in combined events shall declare the shoes to be worn in each individual event. Number of Spikes 3.-The sole and heel of the shoes shall be so constructed as to provide for the use of up to II spikes. Any number of spikes up to II may be used but the number of spike positions shall not exceed 11. Dimensions of spikes4.-When a competition is conducted on a synthetic surface that part of each spike which projects from the sole or the heel must not 93

RULE 139

- - ._-

--------

exceed 9mm except in the high jump and javelin throw events where it must not exceed l2mm. These spikes shall have a maximum diameter of 4mm. For non-synthetic surfaces the maximum length of spike shall be 25mm and the maximum diameter 4mm.

2.-In matches arranged between Members, the number of trials in the jumping and throwing events may be reduced by mutual agreement prior to the Meeting.

Simultaneous Entries 3.-If a competitor is entered in both a track and field event, or in more than one field event taking place simultaneously, the judges may allow the competitor to take his trials in an order different from that decided upon prior to the start of the competition. 0'

The Sole and the Heel 5.-The sole and/or heel may have,. grooves, ridges, indentations or protuberances provided these features are constructed of the same or similar material to the basic sole itself. In the high jump, the sole shall have a maximum thickness of l3mm and the heel shall have a maximum thickness of 19 mm. In all other events the sole and/or heel may be of any thickness. Inserts and Additions to the Shoe 6.-Competitors may not use any appliance, either inside or outside the shoe, which will have the effect of increasing the thickness of the shoe above the permitted maximum, or-which can give the wearer any advantage which he would not obtain from the type of shoe described in the previous paragraphs.

Scoring 4.-In a match where the result is to be determined by the scoring of points, the method of scoring should be agreed by all the competing countries before the start of the match. Disqualification 5.-If an athlete is disqualified in a competition, reference should be made in the official results to the IAAF Rule which has been infringed.

RULE 141

Numbers 7.-Every competitor must be provided with two numbers which must be worn visibly on the breast and back, except in the pole vault and high jump events where one number may be worn on the breast or back only. Where photo-finish equipment is in operation, the meeting organisers may require competitors to wear additional numbers of an adhesive type on the side of their shorts. No competitor shall be allowed to take part in any competition without the appropriate number or numbers. RULE 140 The Competition - General I.-No performance accomplished by an athlete will be valid unless it is accomplished during an official competition organised in conformity with IAAF Rules. For all competitions under IAAF Rule 12.1(a) to (g) held completely in the stadium mixed events between male and female participants shall not be permitted.

RULES 139, 140

The Competition - Running and Walking Events Obstruction on the Track ./ I.-Any competing runner or walker who jostles or obstructs another competitor so as to impede his progress shall be liable to disqualification from that event. If in any race a competitor is disqualified for any of these reasons, the Referee shall have the authority to order the race to be re-held excluding the disqualified competitor or, in the case of a heat, to permit any competitor(s) affected by the act resulting in disqualification (other than the disqualified competitor), to compete in a subsequent round of the race. (See Rule 116.5).

Running in Lanes 2.-In all races run in lanes, each competitor shall keep within his alloted lane from start to ftnish. This shall also apply to any portion of a race run in lanes, e.g. start of 800 metres. 3.-If a competitor is pushed or forced by another person to run outside his lane, and if no material advantage is gained, the competitor should not be disqualified. 95

RULES 140, 141

If an athlete either -

(i) runs outside his lane in the straight, or (ii) runs outside the outer line of his lane on the bend, with no material advantage thereby being gained, and no other runner is obstructed, then he should likewise not be disqualified. Apart from the above three exceptions, if the Referee is satisfied, on the report of a Judge or Umpire or. otherwise, that a competitor has run outside his lane, he shall be disqualified.

Leaving the Track or Course 4.-Except as indicated below, a competitor, after voluntarily leaving the track or course shall not be allowed to continue in the race. In road races, and in track walking events of 20 km or more, a competitor may leave the road or track with the permission and under the supervision of a judge, provided that by going off course he does not lessen the distance to be covered. Check-Marks 5.-Except in the case of relay races run in lanes, (See Rule 166.3), competitors may not make check-marks or place objects on or alongside the running track for their assistance.

8.-In any competition where there are more competitors than can be placed in the first row, the draw for stations shall be by nations, when one competitor from each nation shall be placed in the order of the draw. Additional starters from any nation shall then be placed behind, in the same order. 9.-A competitor shall not be allowed to compete in a heat other than the one in which his name appears, except in circumstances which, in the opinion of the Referee, justify an alteration. 1O.-In all preliminary rounds, at least the first and second in each heat shall qualify for the next round and it is recommended that, where possible, at least three in each heat should qualify. Any other competitors to qualify for the next round shall be decided either according to their placings or according to their times. Where any competitors are to qualify by times, the order in which heats are to be run shall be determined by draw after the composition of the heats has been decided.

It.-For events 100 to 800 metres inclusive, and relays up to 4 x 400 metres, where there are several successive rounds of a race, lanes will be drawn as follows:(a) In the first round, each competitor will draw for lane order. (b) For the following rounds, two draws will be made:- one for the athletes or teams with the four best times to decide on placings in lanes 3, 4, 5 and 6. - the other for athletes or teams with the four slowest times, who will draw for lanes 1,2, 7 and 8.

Rounds and Heats 6.-Preliminary rounds (heats) shall be held in track events in which the number of competitors is too large to allow the competition to be conducted satisfactorily in a single round (final). Where preliminary rounds are held, all competitors must compete in, and qualify through, all such rounds. . 11 7.-The heats, quarter-finals and semi-finals shall be arranged by the Committee conducting the Meeting together with the appointed Technical Delegates where appropriate. Whenever possible, representatives of each nation shall be placed in different heats, which shall be so arranged that not less than six competitors shall qualify for the final. NOTE. - When heats are being arranged it is recommended that as much information as possible about the performances of all competitors should be considered and the heats so drawn that, normally, the best performers will reach the final.

12.-The following minimum times must be allowed, when practicable, between the last heat of any round and the first heat of a subsequent round or final: Up to and including zOOm 45 minutes Over 200m up to and including 1,000 m 90 minutes Over 1000 m Not on the same day

RULE 141

NOTE:- When there are less than 8 lanes, the above system with the necessary modifications should be followed. (See also Rule 166.5).

RULE 141

If'

RULE 142 The Competition - Field Events

Obstruction I.-If, for any reason a competitor is hampered in a trial the Referee shall have the authority to award him a substitute trial. Absence during Competition 2.-ln Field Events and a Combined Events Competition, a competitor may, with the permission of, and accompanied by, a judge, leave the immediate area of the event during the progress of the competition. Trials Recorded 3.-No competitor is allowed to have more than one trial recorded in anyone round of the competition. Delay 4.-A competitor in a field event who unreasonably delays making a trial renders himself liable to have that trial disallowed and recorded as a fault. It is a matter for the Referee to decide, having regard to all the circumstances, what is an unreasonable delay. For a second delay any time during the event, he shall be debarred from taking any further trials but any performance 11 accomplished up to that time shall stand. The official responsible shall indicate to the competitor that all is ready for the trial to begin, and the period allowed for this trial shall commence from that moment. If the time allowed elapses once the competitor has started his trial, that trial should not be disallowed. 11 The following times should not normally be exceeded: (a) 1Y2 minutes for the High Jump, Long Jump, Triple Jump, Shot, Discus, Hammer and Javelin, and (b) 2 minutes for the Pole Vault. The time shall begin when the uprights have been adjusted according to the previous wishes of the competitor (See Rule 172.4). (c) In the final stages of competition in the High Jump and Pole Vault (but not in a Combined Events Competition), when only 2 or 3 competitors continue in the competition, the time allowed for the start of the next trial in the High Jump should be 3 minutes and the Pole Vault 4 minutes. If there is only one competitor left, the time allowed for the next trial in the High Jump should be 5 minutes and the Pole Vault 6 minutes. RULE 142

(d)

The period between two consecutive trials by the same athlete should never be less than 4 minutes for Pole Vault or 3 minutes for other field events.

Place of Competition 5.-The Referee shall have the authority to change the place of the competition if, in his opinion the conditions justify it. Such a change shall be made only after a round has been completed (See Jl6.6). Qualifying Competition 6.-When it is necessary to hold a qualifying competition in any Field Event in order to determine who shall compete in the final, performances accomplished shall not be considered part of the competition proper. The qualifying conditions shall be arranged by the Committee conducting the meeting together with the appointed Technical Delegates where appropriate. Competing prder. 7.-The competitors shall compete in the order drawn by lot and, where possible, their names shall be placed in the programme in the order drawn. In a qualifying competition, apart from the High Jump and Pole Vault, each competitor shall be allowed three trials. Once a competitor has achieved the qualifying standard, he shall not continue in the qualifying competition. At the end of the qualifying competition, the order for competing in the final shall be determined by a fresh drawing by lot. NOTE. -In major competitions where there are enough competitors to warrant it, it is recommended that the qualifying competition be divided into two or more groups. Unless there are facilities for the groups to compete at the same time and under the same conditions, each group should start the competition immediately the previous group has finished. RULE 143 Assistance to Athletes Indication of Intermediate Times I.-Intermediate times and preliminary winning times may be officially announced and/or displayed. Otherwise such times must not be communicated to the athletes by persons in the competition area without the prior approval of the Referee. 99

RULES 142, 143

Giving Assistance 2.-Except as provided in Rules 165 and 191, no competitor shall receive assistance during the progress of an event. Assistance is direct help conveyed by any means and includes pacing in races by persons not participating in the race, by runners or walkers lapped or about to be lapped or by any kind of technical device. At competitions organised under Rule 12.1(a), (b) and (c), the use by athletes of cassette recorders, radios or similar devices in the arena shall not be permitted. Any athlete receiving advice or assistance during a Field Event must be cautioned by the Referee and warned that for any repetition, he will be debarred' from further participation in that event. Any performance accomplished up to that time shall stand. Any competitor lapped or about to be lapped by the leading runner(s) or walker(s) in a race shall not be allowed to act as a pacemaker. For the purposes of this Rule the following shall not be considered as unfair aid or assistance:(i) a hands-on medical examination during the progress of an event by medical personnel designated by the Organising Committee. 11 (ii) verbal or other communication, without the use of any technical device, from an individual who is not in the competition area. Wind Information 3.-A wind sock should be positioned near the take-off area in all jumping events, to show the athlete the approximate direction and strength of the wind.

RULE 144 Doping i.-Doping is the use by or distribution to an athlete of certain substances which could have the effect of improving artificially the athlete's physical and/or mental condition and so augmenting his athletic performance. 2.-Doping is strictly forbidden. 3.-Doping substances, for the purpose of this rule, comprise the following groups:RULES 143, 144

lOO

(a) Stimulants: e.g. furfenorex meclofenoxate mefenorex methoxyphenamine methylamphetamine methylephedrine methylphenidate morazone nikethamide pemoline pentetrazol phendimetrazine phenmetrazine phentermine phenylpropanolamine pipradrol prolintane propylhexedrine pyrovalerone strychnine

amiphenazole amphetamine amphetaminil benzphetarnine cathine chlorphentermine clobenzorex clorprenaline cocaine croproparnide* crotethamide* diethylpropion dimethylamphetamine ephedrine etafedrine ethamivan ethylamphetarnine fencamfamin fenethylline fenproporex

and chemically or pharmacologically related compounds.

(b) Narcotic Analgesics: e.g. ethylmorphine levorphanol methadone morphine nalbuphine pentazocine pethidine phenazocine trimeperidine

alphaprodine anileridine buprenorphine codeine** dextromoramide dextropropoxyphene diamorphine dihydrocodeine dipipanone

and chemically or pharmacologically related compounds.

101

RULE 144

(e) AnabolieSteroids: e.g. bolasterone methyltestosterone boldenone nandrolone chlordehydromethylnorethandrolone testosterone oxandrolone clostebol oxymesterone fluoxymesterone oxymetholone mesterolone stanozolol methandienone testosterone*** methenolone and chemically and pharmacologically related compounds. * component of "Micoren" ** permitted for the treatment of a disorder *** and any other substance which has the effect of increasing the testosterone/epitestosterone ratio. This list is not necessarily comprehensive and I.A.A.F. reserves the right to amend as necessary. Cases of doubt shall be referred to the Medical Committee for decision. Before any penalties are imposed under this Rule, the actual doping substances will be identified. 4.-The practice of "Blood Doping" is forbidden. 5.-Doping controls conducted under IAAF Doping Control Regulations shall take place at IAAF Meetings under Rule 12.1(a), (b) and (e) and, whenever possible l(c). In addition, doping controls shall be held if ordered by the IAAF, or by the Area Association or National Governing Body. Doping Control shall also be conducted on any athlete who is deemed to have broken a World Record. It is a condition of Membership of the IAAF that a Member includes within its constitution: (i) a clause which obliges that Member to conduct out-ofcompetition doping control, a report of which must be submitted to lAAF annually. and (ii) a clause which allows IAAF to conduct arbitrary doping control at that Member's National Championships. All doping control shall be conducted under the supervision of a Doping Committee. At athletic meetings held under Rule 12.1 (a), (b) and (c), this Committee must be composed in such a way that the interests of all Members remain protected at all stages of the doping RULE 144

102

control. At Meetings held under Rule 12.I(a) and (b), this Doping Committee shall include:(i) The Medical Delegate (Chairman) appointed by the IAAF or Area Association; (ii) A member or representative of the IAAF Medical Committee, appointed by the IAAF; (iii) A qualified medical officer of the organising country. The IAAF Representative will supervise doping control at meetings under Rule 12.I(c), (d), (e), (f) and (g). Before the event, the criteria for selecting the athletes to be controlled shall be determined by the Doping Committee. This should be either on a final position basis and/or on a random basis, but not by selection of named individuals. The total number of athletes tested may depend on the capacity of the laboratory. Additional controls may be ordered at the discretion of the Doping Committee. 6.-An athlete Who is requested to submit to a doping control by a responsible official must do so whether such a request is made during or outside an athletic competition. Failure to do so will constitute a breach of lAAFRules and the athlete will be deemed to have rendered himself ineligible as if a positive result had been obtained as shown under Rule 53.4(iv). He shall be reported to IAAF and his National Governing Body. 7.-To facilitate the analysis, any form of medication administered by any route during the two days prior to the doping control should be declared on the doping control form. 8.-A competitor found to have a doping substance and/or metabolite of a doping substance present in his urine shall be disqualified from that moment and his case reported to the IAAF and his National Governing Body. (See Rule 53.4). Likewise, any person assisting or inciting others to use doping substances shall be considered as having committed an offence against lAAF Rules, and thus renders himself liable to disciplinary action as shown under Rule 53.4(b). Any offence under this Rule arising from doping control by a Member shall result in immediate disqualification and the case shall be reported to the lAAF. 9.-The procedural guidelines for the conduct of tests, including the collection of urine samples, the method of analysis and the use of

103

RULE 144

accredited laboratories, shall be determined by the Medical Committee of the lAAF.

Field Events

Copies of current recommended procedures shall be supplied On request by the lAAF.

2.-ln the High Jump and Pole Vault:

RULE 145 Measurements and Weights I.-For Field Events all measurements must be made with a steel or fibre-giass metric tape or bar or a scientific measuting apparatus. of any measuring equipment used must be certified by The an appropriate Weights and Measures authority of the country in which the events are held. 2.-ln the High Jump, Pole Vault, Long Jump, Triple Jump and Shot Put events, distances shall always be recorded to the nearest O.Olm below the distance measured. In the High J.ump and Pole Vault, all measurements shall be made perpendicularly from the ground to the lowest part of the upper side of the bar. ' In the Discus, Hammer and Javelin, distances shall be recorded in even 0.02 units, to the nearest unit below the distance measured. 3.-ln events on roads, the course shall be measured in accordance with the current procedures approved by lAAF.

RULE 146 Ties Ties shall be resolved as follows: Track Events I.-If a tie occurs in any round which affects the qualification of for the next round, the tying competitors shall, if pOSSIble, be placed in the next round. If this is not possible these tying competitors shall compete again. In the case of a tie first place in any final, the Refereee is empowered to decide whether it is practicable to arrange for the competitors so tying to compete again. If he .decides it is not, the result will stand. Ties in other placings shall remaIn.

RULES 144, 145, 146

(a) The competitor with the lowest number of jumps at the height at which the tie occurs shall be awarded the higher place.

(b) If the tie still remains, competitor with the lowest total of failures throughout the competition up to and including the height last cleared shall be awarded the higher place. (e) If the tie still remains:

(i) If it concerns the first place, the competitors tying shall have One more jump at the lowest height at which any of those involved in the tie failed, and if no decision is reached, the bar shall be raised or lowered to the heights previously announced by the Chief Judge of the event at the beginning of the competition (See Rule 171.2 and - 172.2). They shall then attempt one jump at each height until the tie is resolved. Competitors so tying must jump on each occasion when resolving the tie. (See example I).

High Jump - Example (1) Heights announced by the Chief Judge at the beginning of the competition:1.75m; 1.8Om; 1.83m; 1.86m; 1.88m; 1.9Om; l.92m .. ,

Corn petitor A B C

Jump off Total Failures 1.88m 1.86m 1.88m 1.86m 1.75m 1.80n1 1.83m 1.88m 1.9Om Count back of failures

= Cleared.

XO XO XO

XO XXX XO XXX XO XXX

= Failed.

2 2 3

X X

0 0

X 0

I:l..

I 3

Did not jump.

(ii) If it concerns any other place, the competitors shall be awarded the same place in the competition. (See example 2).

104

105

RULE 146

High Jump -

Example (2)

" l.78m 1.82m A B

C D

0 0 0

0 0

1.85m 1.88m 1.9Om 1.92m l.94m

0 0

XO X-

XO 0 XXO XXO XXO

XXO XXX XXO XXX XXO XXX XO XXX

o os

'"0

I-W-

4 4 5 5

2= 2= 4 I

A, B, C and D all cleared 1.92 metres and failed at 1.94 metres. The rule regarding ties comes into operation, and as "D" cleared 1.92 metres at his second attempt, the others taking three, he is declared the winner. The other three will tie and the Judges add up the total number of failures, up to and including the height last cleared, i.e. 1.92 metres. "C" has more failures than "A" or "B", and is therefore awarded fourth place. "A" and "B" still tie and as this does not concern first place, they share second place. 3.-In field events where the result is determined by distance, the second best performance of the competitors tying shall resolve the tie. Then, if necessary, the third best, and so on. If the tie still remains and concerns first place, the competitors having achieved the same results will compete again in the same order in a new attempt until the tie is resolved. 4.-Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all his attempts, including those achieved in resolving a tie for first place.

3.-Any protest shall in the first instance, be made orally to the Referee by the athlete himself or by someone acting on his behalf. To arrive at a fair decision, the Referee should consider any available evidence which he thinks necessary, including a film or picture produced by an official video tape recorder. The Referee may decide on the protest or may refer the matter to the Jury. If the Referee makes a decision, there shall 1?e a right of appeal to the Jury. 4.-An application to the Jury of Appeal must be in writing, signed by a responsible official on behalf of the athlete and must be 11 accompanied by a deposit of US$50.00 or its equivalent before the appeal is heard. The deposit will be forfeited if the protest is considered to be frivolous. To arrive at a fair decision, the Jury of Appeal shall consult all available evidence and interview all those whom they consider necessary. RULE 148

World Records

I.-Protests concerning the status of an athlete to participate in a meeting must be made, prior to the commencement of such meeting, to the Jury of Appeal, or, if no Jury has been appointed, to the Referee. If the matter cannot be settled satisfactorily prior to the meeting, the athlete shall be allowed to compete "under protest" and the matter be referred to the Council of the LA.A.F. 2.-Protests concerning the result or conduct of an event shall be made within 30 minutes of the official announcement of the result of that event. (See Rule 125). The Organisers of the meeting shall be responsible for ensuring that the time of the announcement of all results is recorded.

I.-When a World Record is set by an athlete or by a team, the LA.A.F. Member in the country where the record performance was made shall collect together, without delay, all the information required for the ratification of the record by the LA.A.F. The Member should immediately inform the LA.A.F. of its intention to submit the performance. 2.-Each athlete who achieves a World Record must submit to a doping control, at the end of the event, in accordance with the LA.A.F. Rules currently in force. In the case of a Relay record, all members of the team must be tested. The result of this test shall be presented by the laboratory to the LA.A.F. to be added to the other information required by the LA.A.F. for the ratification of the record. 3.-The official application form of the LA.A.F. shall be completed and despatched by air mail to the I.A.A.F. Bureau within thirty days. A supply of forms is sent to members annually and additional forms are available, on request, from the IAAF Bureau. If the application concerns a foreign athlete or a foreign team, a duplicate of the form shall be sent within the same period to the National Governing Body of the athlete or team. Application may be made only on behalf of an athlete or athletes who are under the jurisdiction of a Member of the I.A.A.F.

106

107

RULE 147

Protests

RULES 146, 147

RULES 147, 148

---------

-----------

- - - - - - - -. .

4.-The National Governing Body of the country where the record was set shall send, with the official application form: (a) The printed programme of the meeting; (b) The complete results of the event; (e) The photo-finish photograph in the case of a track record where fully automatic electrical timekeeping was in operation; 5.-The following categories of World Records are accepted by lAAF:World Records World Junior Records World Indoor Records For conditions for World Indoor Records see Rule 248. For World Records and World Junior Records:(a) The record must not have been made on a wooden surface. (b) The record must be made in a bona fide competition which has been duly arranged, advertised and authorised before the day by the LA.A.F. Member where the event takes place. The competition with the name of the competitors taking part, must have been mentioned in the printed programme of the meeting. At least three competitors must participate in the event. (e) The record must be better than or equal to the existing World Record. for that event, as accepted by the LA.A.F. (d) Records made in heats or qualifying competitions, in deciding ties and in individual events in combined events competitions may be submitted for ratification. (e) No performance set by an athlete will be recognised if it has been accomplished during a mixed competition. 6.-For Women's Records, unless the athlete's name is included on the lAAF Register (See Rule 138.4), the first application on behalf of that athlete must be accompanied by a Femininity Certificate issued by a doctor recognised by a Member. 7.-For Junior Records, unless the athlete's date of birth has been previously confirmed by IAAF, the first application on behalf of that athlete must be accompanied by a copy of his passport, birth certificate or similar official document which confirms his date of birth. S.-(a) Running and Walking records may be made only on a track which conforms to Rule 161. RULE 148

108

(b) A race must be stated to be over one distance only and all competitors shall compete at that distance.

However, a race based on the distance covered over a given time (see Rule 162.13) may be combined with a race over a fixed distance (for example, 1 Hour and 20,000 metres). It is permissible for the same athlete to accomplish in the same race any number of records. It is permitted for several athletes to accomplish different records in the same race. However, it is not permissible for an athlete to be credited with a record at a shorter distance if he did not finish the full distance for that race. (e) Running and Walking records must be timed by official timekeepers (See Rule 119), or by an approved fully automatic electrical timing device (See Rule 160).

For races up to and including 400 metres, only performances timed by an approved fully automatic electrical timing device shall be accepted. For a World record broken during a competition held under Rule 12.1(a), (b) and (c) and, if possible, (d) and (e), the Organiser should provide the appointed Technical Delegate with an enlargement of the relevant film (lO times for a 35mm or 5 times for a 70mm size film) in order that the time read by the Chief Photo-finish Judge can be confirmed before the official announcement of the result. For a Record broken in a Combined Events Competition, photographs of all relevant races should be submitted to the Technical Delegate and checked by him before the official announcement of the result. (d) For any record at any distance of 200 metres or more to be recognised, the track on which it was made must not exceed 440 yards and the race must have started on some part of the perimeter. This limitation does not apply to the Steeplechase events where the Water Jump is placed outside a normal 400 metres track.

(e) The record must be made on a track the radius of the outside lane of which does not exceed 60 metres, except where the bend is formed with two different radii in which case the longer of the two arcs should not account for more than 60Â° of the 180 0 turn.

(j) For all up to and including 200 metres, information concerning wind speed, measured as indicated in Rule 149, must be

109

RULE 148

submitted. If the wind velocity measured in the direction of running behind the competitor averages more than 2 metres per second, the record will not be accepted. (g) In a race run in lanes, no record will be accepted where the runner has run on or inside the inner curved border of his lane. (h) A relay record may be made only by a team all of whose members are citizens of a single Member country. Citizenship may be obtained in any of the ways referred to in Rule 12.8.

A colony which is not in separate Membership of the LA.A.F. shall be deemed, for the purpose of this Rule, to be part of its Motber Country.

When a World Record has been ratified IAAF will so inform the Member applying for the Record, the athlete's National Governing Body and the relevant Area Association. If the Record is not ratified the reasons will be given. 13.-The LA.A.F. Bureau shall keep a list of World Records. 11 NOTE I.-The official World Record Plaques, as designated by the 1.A.A.F.jor presentation to World Record Holders, will besupp/ied by the I.A.A .F. NOTE 2.-It is recommended that National Governing Bodies Area Associations adopt similar rules to the above for the recognition of their own records.

(i) The time achieved by the first runner in a relay team may not be submitted as a record.

9.-For Walking records:(a) at least one judge from the LA.A.F. Panel of International Judges shall be officiating during the competition and shall sign the application form. (b) the track must be oval from 350 metres minimum to 500 metres maximum, with 2 curves and 2 straights from 60 metres minimum to 120 metres maximum. 1O.-(a) For World records in the Jumping Events the maximum overall inclination of the runway shall comply with the limitations stated in Rules 171 to 174. (b) In the Long Jump and Triple Jump, information concerning wind speed, measured as indicated in Rule 149, must be sUbmitted. If the wind velocity measured in the direction of jumping behind the competitor averages more than 2 metres per second, the record will not be accepted. 11.-ln a Combined Events Competition, the conditions imposed for recognising Records in individual events must have been complied with in each of the events, except that, in events where wind speed is measured, the speed must not exceed 4 metres per second (See paragraphs 7(j) and lO(b)). l2.-The President and the General Secretary of the LA.A.F. together are authorised to recognise world records. If they are in any doubt whether or not the record should be accepted, the case shall be referred to the Council for decision.

RULE 148

110

RULE 149

VVind The periods for which the wind velocity shall be measured from the flash of the Starters gun or similar approved starting apparatus are as follows:-

Seconds 100 metres 100 metres Hurdles

110 metres Hurdles

13,

In the 200 metres event, the wind velocity shall be measured for a period of 10 seconds commencing when the first runner enters the straight. In the Long Jump and Triple Jump, it shall be measured for a period of 5 seconds from the time a competitor passes a mark placed alongside the runway, for the Long Jump 40 metres from the takeoff board and for the Triple Jump 35 metres. If a competitor runs less than 40 or 35 metres, as appropriate, wind velocity shall be measured from the time he commences his run. The wind-gauge shall be placed half-way along the straight for track events and 20 metres from the take-off board for the Long Jump and Triple JUIll1J. It shall be positioned 1.22 metres high and not more than 2 metres away from the track or run-way.

III

RULES 148, 149

RULE 150 Official Implements I.-In all international competitions, the implements used must comply with lAAF specifications. 2.-All such implements shall be provided by the organisers of the meeting. Competitors are not allowed to use any other implements, with the exception of vaulting poles and starting blocks, in which case they may use their own, provided these comply with the conditions laid down in the Rules. (See also Rule 162 (Starting Blocks) and Rule 172 (Vaulting Poles)). RULE 151 Video Recording In competitions held under Rule 12.I(a) and (b), it is recommended that an official video recording of all events in which accuracy of performances and violation of the rules are recorded is used as a support document.

RULES 150, 151

112

SECIION III - RUNNING EVENTS RULE 160 Timing Fully Automatic Electrical Timing: I.-Fully automatic timiI!g equipment shall be used at all meetings under Rule 12.1(a) and, wherever possible, (b) and (c). 2.-Fully automatic electrical timing must utilise equipment which is started automatically by the Starter's gun or similar apparatus and which records the finish time automatically. All other timing devices and procedures shal either be considered hand timing or shall be unacceptable. 3.-Fully automatic timing equipment must be approved by the Member of the country where the competition is held. It must be started automatically from the Starter's gun, or similar apparatus, so that the overall delay between the report from the muzzle and the start of the timing system is constant and less than 1 millisecond. The finish must be recorded through a camera, with a vertical slit, of the finish line, on a continuous film by positioned in a photo-finish procedure. The film must also be synchronised with a uniformly marked time-scale graduated in 1I100ths of a second. The times and places should be read from the film with a special device guaranteeing perpendicularity between the time-scale and the reading line. The time should be read to the next longer l/IOOth of a second. If the electric timing instrument is not started by the Starter's gun or similar apparatus, the time-scale on the film must indicate this fact automatically. In this case, the times read on the film will not, under any circumstances, be considered as official. 4.-Fully automatic electric times shall be regarded as official unless, for any reason the Chief Photo-Finish Judge decides that they obviously must be inaccurate. If such is the case, the times of the back-up Timekeepers shall be official. 5.-If possible, there should be at least two photofinish cameras in action, one from each side. NOTES: 1. - Where two or more photofinish cameras are used, one should be designated as official by the Technical Delegate before the start of the meeting. The times and places from the other camera(s) should not be considered unless there is reason to doubt the accuracy of the official camera or if there is need to use the supplementary photos to resolve uncertainties in the finishing order (e.g. runners wholly or partially obscured on the official photo).

113

RULE 160

2.- Where any possibility exists of failure of the timing device, hand times should be taken by back-up timekeepers. 6.-For all races up to and including 10,000 metres, the time shall be read from the photo-finish picture in 1/100th second and shall be recorded in 1/100th second. For all races on the track longer than 10,000 metres, the time shall be read in l/IOOth second and shall be converted to the next longer l/lOth second and recorded in l/lOth, i.e for 20,000 metres, 59:26.32 shall be recorded as 59:26.4. For all races partly or entirely outside the stadium the time shall be read in 1/100th second and shall be converted to the next longer whole second, Le. for Marathon, 2h. 09:44.32 shall be recorded as 2h.09:45. 7.-A timing device which operates automatically at either the start or the finish, but not at both, shall be considered to produce neither hand nor fully automatic times and shall not therefore be used to obtain official times. 8.-For all hand timed races on the track, times shall be read to the next longer l/IOth of a second. The times for races partly or entirely outside the stadium shall be converted to the next, longer full second, Le. for the Marathon 2h.09:44.3 shall be returned as 2h.09:45. If the hand of the watch stops between two lines indicating the time, the longer time shall be accepted. If a 1/100th second watch, or an electronic manually operated digital timer, is used, all times not ending in zero in the second decimal spall be rounded to the next longer IIIOth second, Le. 10.11 shall be read as 10.2. 9.-The time shall be taken from the flash/smoke of the gun or Iapproved starting apparatus to the moment at which any part of the body of the competitor (i.e. torso, as distinguished from the head, :neck, arms, legs, hands or feet) reaches the perpendicular plane of I the nearer edge of the finish line. 11O.-If two of the three watches agree and the third disagress, the time shown by the two shall be the official time. If all three watches disagree, the middle time shall be official. Should only two times be available, and, if they disagree, the longer time shall be official.

RULE 160

114

RULE 161 Track and Lanes 1.- The length of the running track should not be less than 400 metres. The track should be not less than 7.32 metres in width and if possible be bordered on the inside with a kerb of concrete or other suitable material, approximately 50rnm in height, minimum 50mm in width.

NOTE.-The kerb may be raised to permit surface water to drain away, in which case a maximum height of 65mm must not be exceeded. Where it is not possible for the inner edge of the running track to have a raised border, the inner edge shall be marked with lines 50rnm in width. Where it is a grass track it shall also be flagged at intervals of 5 metres. Flags must be so placed on the line as to prevent any competitor running on the line, and they shall be placed at an angle . of 60Â° with the ground away from the track. Flags approximately 0.25 metres by 0.2 metres in size mounted on a staff of 0.45 metres long are the most suitable for the purpose. 2.-The measurement shall be taken 0.30 metres outward from the inner border of the track or, where no border exists, 0.20 metres from the line marking the inside of the track. I measurement I line fo< all

i other lanes all lines white 50 mm wide

measurement line

for inner lane

In measuring the track, two independent measurements must be made, which may not differ from each other by more than 0.0003 x L + 0.01 metres, where "L" is the length of the track in metres. NOTE. -:- This formula gives a highest permitted difference between two measurings for: loom

O.04m

400m

O.J3m

3.- In all races up to and including 400 metres, each competitor shall have a separate lane, with a minimum width of 1.22 metres and a maximum width of 1.25 metres to be marked by lines' 50mm in width. The inner lane shall be measured as stated in paragraph 2 above, but

115

RULE 161

the remaining lanes shall be measured 0.20 metres from the outer edges of the lines. NOTE.-The line on the right hand only of each lane shall be included in the measurement of the width of each lane. (See Rule 141.2 and 3). 4.-The direction of running shall be left-hand inside. 5.-In international meetings the track should allow for at least six lanes, and, where possible, eight lanes, particularly for major international events. 6.-The maximum allowance for lateral inclination of tracks should not exceed 1: 100 and the overall inclination in the running direction shall not exceed 1: 1000 downwards. NOTE.-It is recommended that, for new tracks, the lateral inclination should be towards the inside lane. 7.-800 metres event. In competitions held under Rule 12.1(a), (b) and (c), the 800 metres event shall be run in lanes as far as the end of the first bend, using the maximum number of available lanes. The starts shall be staggered so that the distance from start to finish shall be the same for each competitor. NOTE.-In international matches, countries may reach agreement not to use lanes. SETTING OUT STARTS FOR 800 METRES WHERE THE FIRST CURVE IS RUN IN LANES

which would be applicable were the race to be of 200 metres starting at the same point on the track; secondly, an adjustment to the starting point in each lane to compensate for the runners in the outside lane having farther to go to reach the inside position on the track at the end of the back straight than those in the inside lanes. The following method of arriving at the starting position in each lane is recommended. (a) Mark B I in the inside lane at the point of entry into the back straight 0.30 metres from the inside kerb. (b) Fix point Y, which is the point in the outer lane in prolongation of the line A B 1 0.20 metres from the inner line in the lane. (c) Fix point C, which is the point on the path of the runner, namely 0.30 metres from the inside kerb at which the back straight ends and the bend begins. (d) With radius CBI describe an arc across the track B 1 X. This line must be flagged at each end with a flag set on a post at least 1.50 metres high on each side of the track and with a line 0.05 metres wide across the track. This indicates to the runners that they may leave their lanes at this stage. SETTING OUT STARTS AND CHANGE OVER AREAS FOR 4 x 200 METRES AND 4 x 400 METRES RELAY. WHERE ONE LAP PLUS ONE COMPLETE CURVE IS RUN IN LANES 18IDI. " .

fll.......1 c

a.3Om

0.3000

A FINISH I,.IHf

STARTS IN RESPECTIVE LANES C POINT AT WHICH TA.NGENT FROM Y MEETS 0.30 METRE LINE IN INSIDE LANE 8· .•• ..... 1....&.••.

fROM

I.JD.>

A· A flIISI LIE 5',5 1, Sol, 54,5 1,51, SIUl PlllII_ hi_IS A', AI, AJ, 110, AI. StIlI PllSlII. 1llI. WE e', Cl. cJ, CUTIAL llII£S FIISf loWE-1IID lQIE

NQT TO SCALE

As the runners are permitted to leave their respective lanes on entering the back straight, the starting positions must take into consideration two factors. First, the normal echelon allowance RULE 161

116

117

RULE 161

For lanes 2 to 6 this point can be determined by the intersection of B I X and the path of the runner, which is 0.20 metres from the line marking the inside of his lane. (e)

The correct adjustment to the starting positions can now be determined in the following way.

The normal starting position in each lane for a 200 metre race must be advanced by the distance the points of denouement from the lanes, viz B 2 B 3 B 4 B l B' are in advance of the line Bl Y. An indication of the distance by which the normal starting position in each lane must be advanced can be seen from the following calculations, where each lane is the standard width of 1.22 metres and the straight is 80 metres long:

Lane Lane Lane Lane

1 2 3 4

+ + + +

zero 0.007m O.034m O.079m

Lane Lane Lane Lane

5 6 7 8

+ + + +

O.I45m O.224m O.325m O.444m

8. - In the 4 x 200 metre and 4 X 400 metre relays, the first full lap shall be covered in lanes. The second runner in the 4 x 400 metre relay and the third runner in the 4 x 200 metre relay shall keep in his lane until entry to the back straight. The distance from start to finish shall be rrieasured in such a way that the competing teams shall all run the same distance of 4 x 200 metre or 4 x 400 metre relays. The following method should therefore be adopted to determine the echelon starting positions for the first runner in each team: / Inside lane S I identical with A I . Lane 2 S2 =A 2 plus normal stagger for 400 metres. Lane 3 =A 3 plus normal stagger for 400 metres = A 4 plus normal stagger Lane 4 for 400 metres

The positions A 2, A 3, A 4, etc allow for the 200 metres stagger, plus the compensatory adjustments as set out in the Table shown in para. 7(ej. NOTE. -

RULE 161

118

9.-The central line of the first take-over zone can be determined by advancing the normal starting stagger in each lane for a 200 metre race by the distance the points of denouement from the lanes viz ' , B 2 B J B 4 B 5 B' are in advance of the line B1y. The take-over zone will be within two lines set out 10 metres either side of this central line in each lane. 10.-The take-over zones for the second and last take-overs (4 x 400 metres) will be the normal 10 metre lines either side of the start/finish line AA. 11.-The arc across the track at the entry to the back straight showing the positions at which the second stage runners (4 x 400 metres) and third stage runners (4 x 200 metres) are permitted to leave their respective lanes, shall be identical to the arc for the 800 metres event, described in Para. 7 (dj. RULE 162 The Start and Finish 1.- The start and finish of a race shall each be denoted by a white line 50mm wide at right angles to the lane lines. The distance of the race shall be measured from the edge of the starting line farther from the finish, to the edge of the finish line nearer to the start. For use with photo-finish equipment, where the lane lines and the finish line cross, the 50mm squares covered by both shall be coloured black.

Curved Start - Layout In all races not run in lanes the starting line shall be curved, so that all the runners start the same distance from the finish.

:th.e tangent

I..······

M'.

CC'.C'F' OD'.,.. D''''

llElE'+E'f'

l'"

119

Irom the position of the runner in the outside lane to the e$tlmated path of the runner in the Inside lane (O.3Om from Inner edge of track)

RULES 161, 162

----------- -

2.-All races shall be started by the report of the Starter's gun or similar apparatus fired upwards into the air, once competitors are still on their marks. 3.-At all international meetings, the words of the Starter in his own tongue shall, in races up to and including 400 metres (including 4 x 200 metres and 4 x 400 metres), be "On your marks", "Set", and when all competitors are "Set", the gun shall be fired. In races longer than 400 metres, the words shall be "On your marks" and when all competitors are steady, the gun shall be fired. 4.-If for any reason the Starter is not satisfied that all is ready for the start to proceed after the competitors are on their marks, he shall order all competitors to stand up and the Starter's assistants shall place them on the assembly line again. In all races up to and including 400 metres, a crouch start must be used where both hands must be in contact with the ground when the competitor is in the "Set" position. A competitor must not touch either the start line or the ground in front of it with his hands or his feet when on his marks. 5.-0n the command "On your marks" or "Set" as the case may at once and without delay assume their full be all competitors and final set position: Failure to comply with this command after a reasonable time shall constitute a false start. If a competitor after the command "On your marks" disturbs the other competitors in the race through sOl\nd or otherwise, it may be considered a false start. 6.-If a competitor leaves his marks with hand or foot after the words "On your marks" or "Set" as the case may be (See Paragraph 3 above), and before the report of the gun it shall be considered a false start. 7.-Any competitor making a falser start must be warned. If a competitor is responsible for two false starts or three in the case of Combined Events, he shall be disqualified. S.-The Starter or any Recaller, who is of the opinion that the start was not a fair one, shall recall the competitors by firing a gun. NOTE. -In practice, when one or more competitors makes a false start, others are inclined to follow -and, strictly speaking, any competitor who does so has also made a false start. The Starter should warn only such competitor or competitors who, in his opinion, were responsible for the false start. This may result in more than one competitor being warned. If the unfair start is not due to any competitor, no warnings shall be given. RULE 162

120

----

Starting Blocks 9.-Starting blocks must be used for all races up to and including 400 metres (including the first leg of the 4 x 200 metres and 4 x 400 metres) and must not be used for any other race. When in position on the track, no part of the starting block must overlap the starting line or extend into another lane Starting blocks must comply with the following general specifications:(i) Starting blocks must be entirely rigid in construction and must give no unfair advantage to the athlete. must be fixed to the track by a of pins or (ii) spIkes, arranged to cause the minimum possible damage to the track. The arrangement must permit the starting blocks to be quickly and easily removed. The number, thickness and length of pins or spikes depends on the track construction. The anchorage must permit no movement during the actual start. (iii) When an athlete uses his own starting blocks, they shall comply with paragraphs (i) and (ii) above. They may be of any design or construction, provided that they do not interfere with. other athletes. (iv) When starting blocks are provided by the Organisers, they shall, in addition, comply with the following specifications:starting blocks shall consist of two foot plates, against WhICh the athlete's feet are pressed in the starting position. The foot plates shall be mounted on a rigid frame which shall in no way obstruct the athlete's feet as they l:ave the blocks. The foot plates shall be sloped to suit the starting position of the athlete, and may be flat or slightly concave. The surface of the foot plates shall be prepared to accommodate the spikes in the athlete's shoes, either by using slots or recesses in the face of the foot plate, or by covering the surface of the foot plate with suitable material permitting the use of spiked shoes. The mounting of the foot plates on a rigid frame may be adjustable, but it must allow no movement during the actual start. In all cases, the foot plates shall be adjustable forward or backward in relation to each other. The adjustments must 121

RULE 162

,.. be secured by firm clamps or locking mechanism. which can be easily and quickly operated by the athlete. (v) Starting blocks may be fitted with approved false start detection apparatus to assist Starters. 1O.-In competitions held under Rule 12.I(a), (b), (c) and (d), competitors must use starting blocks provided by the organisers of the meeting. In other meetings on all-weather tracks, the organisers may insist that only starting blocks provided by them may be used.

The Finish 11.-Finish Posts. Two white posts shall denote the extremities of the fmish line and shall be placed at least 0.3Om from the edge of the track. The finish posts shall be of rigid construction approximately lAm high, 80mm wide and 20mm thick. 12. -The competitors shall be placed in the order in which any part of their bodies (i.e. "torso" as distinguished from the head, of the neck, arms, legs, hands or feet) reaches the vertical nearer edge of the finish line as defined above. B.-In any race decided on the basis of the distance covered in a fixed period of time, the Starter shall fire the gun exactly one minute before the end of the race to warn competitors and judges that the race is nearing its end. The Starter shall be directed by the Chief Timekeeper, and at exactly the appropriate time after the start, he shall signal the end of the race by again firing the gun. At the moment the gun is fired to signal the end of the race, the Judges appointed for that purpose shall mark the exact spot where each competitor touched the track for the last time before or simultaneously with the firing of the gun. The distance achieved shall be measured to the nearest metre behind this mark. At least one Judge must be assigned to each competitbr before the start of the race for the purpose of marking the distance achieved. RULE 163 Hurdle Races I.-Distances. The following are the standard distances: VVOMEN lW, 400 metres lOO, 400 metres There shall be ten flights of hurdles in each lane, set out in accordance with the following table: RULES 162, 163

122

MEN

Distance of race

Height of Hurdle

metres 110 400

metres 1.067 0.914

Distance from start line to first hurdle

Distance between hurdles

Distance from last hurdle to finish line

metres 13.72 45

metres 9.14 35

metres 14.02 40

Distance from start line to first hurdle

Distance between hurdles

Distance from last hurdle to finish line

metres 13 45

metres 8.5 35

metres 10.5 40

VVOMEN

Distance of race

Height of Hurdle

metres lOO 400

metres 0.840 0.762

Each hurdle shall be so placed on the track that the feet shall be on the side of the approach by the competitor.

2.-Construction. The hurdles shall be made of metal or some other suitable material with the top bar of wood or other suitable material. They shall consist of two feet and two uprights supporting a rectangular frame, reinforced by one or more cross-bars, the uprights to be fixed at the extreme end of each base. The hurdle shall be of such a design that a force at least equal to the weight of 3.6 kilograms applied to the centre of the top edge of the top bar is required to overturn it. The hurdle may be adjustable in height for each event. The counterweights must be adjustable so that at each height a force at least equal to the weight of 3.6 kilograms and not more than 4 kilograms is required to overturn it. 123

RULE 163

'\'"

3.-Dimensions. The standard heights of the hurdles shall be:

EXAMPLE OF APPROVED HURDLE (11Om H.) E

' 200mm (max)

41__ ..

E 225mm (min)

T E E o

S r

â&#x20AC;˘:8 I

Women 100 metres 400 metres

0.84 metres 0.762 metres

Men 110 metres 400 metres

1.067 metres 0.914 metres

The maximum width shall be 1.20 metres. The maximum length of the base shall be 0.70 metres. The total weight of the hurdles shall be not less than 10 kilograms . In each case there shall be a tolerance allowance of 3 millimetres above and below the standard heights, to allow for variation in the manufacture. 4.-The width of the top bar shall be 70 millimetres. The thickness of this bar should be between 10 and 25 millimetres and the top edges should be rounded. The bar should be firmly fIXed at the extremities. 5.-The top bar should be striped in black or white or in some other contrasting colours such that the lighter stripes are at the end of each hurdle and such that they are at least 225mm in width.

TOP EDGE ROUNDED 10- 25mm-l

6.-All races shall be run in lanes and each competitor shall keep to his own lane throughout.

I-

700mm (max)

7.-A competitor who trails his foot or leg below the horizontal plane of the top of any hurdle at the instant of clearance, or jumps any hurdle not in his own lane, or in the opinion of the Referee deliberately knocks down any hurdle by hand or foot, shall be disqualified. 8.-Except as provided in paragraph 7, the knocking down of hurdles should not result in disqualification nor prevent a record being made.

lRULE 163

700 mm(max)

124

9.-For a World Record all hurdles must comply with the specifications of this Rule. 125

RULE 163

i I

RULE 164 Steeplechase I.-The standard distances shall be: 2000 metres and 3000 metres. 2.-There shall be 28 hurdle jumps and 7 water jumps included in the 3000 metres event, and 18 hurdle jumps and 5 water jumps in the 2000 metres event. 3.-For both the water jump shall be the fourth jump in each full lap. If necessary the finish line shall be moved to another part of the track. It is recommended that, in the 2000 metres, the water jump be the second jump of the first lap, and thereafter the fourth jump. NOTE.-Since the water jump must be positioned either inside or, preferably, outside the track, thereby lessening or lengthening the normal distance of each lap, it is not possible to stipulate the exact length of each lap nor to state precisely the position of the water jump. It should be borne in mind that there must be enough from the starting line to the first hurdle to prevent the competitors from overcrowding, and there should be approximately 68 metres from the last hurdle to the finish line. EXAMPLE: The folio wing measurements are given as a guide and any adjustments necessary should be made by lengthening or shortening the distance of the starting point of the race to the first hurdle. It is assumed that a lap of 400 metres has been shortened or lengthened by up to 10 metres by constructing the water jump inside or outside the track. Lap of 390 metres from start to beginning of Ist lap. to be run witboat jumps .•• 270 metres Distaue from beginning of 1st lap to Ist hurdle ..• lOm 711m From 1st to 2nd hurdle ..• From 2nd to 3rd hurdle ..• 711m From 3rd hurdle to water jump 711m From water jnmp to 4tb hurdle... 711m From 4th hurdle to rmishing IiBe 6lIm

Lap of 410 metres 130 metres 10m S2m S2m S2m S2m 72m

7 laps of 390m ;" 2730 metres

7 laps of 4lOm = 2870 metres

3000 metres

4.-ln the 3000 metres steeplechase, the distance from the start to the beginning of the first lap shall not include any jumps, the hurdles being removed until the competitors have entered the first lap. RULE 164

126

5.-The hurdles shall be 0.914 metres high (3 ft.) with a tolerance of 3mm above or below this height and shall be at least 3.96 metres (13 ft.) in width. The section of the top bar of the hurdles, and the hurdle at the water jump, shall be 127mm (5 in.) square. The weight of each hurdle shall be between 80 kilograms and 100 kilograms. Each hurdle shall h;:lVe on either side a base between 1.20 metres and 1.40 metres. (See Diagram).

I a.3Om

3.96m minimum

.1 O.3Om

127mm-127mm

---r---e .

...---t-

+-_.t.-_

The hurdle shall be placed on the track so that 0.30 metres of the top bar, measured from the inside edge of the track, will be inside the field. .

NOTE.-It is recommended that the first hurdle taken in the race should be at least 5.00 metres in width. 6.-The water jump, including the hurdle, shall be 3.66 metres in length and width. The water shall be level with the track surface and at the hurdle end shall be 0.70 metres deep for a space of about 0.3 metres. From this point the bottom shall have a regular slope upwards to the level of the track at the farther end of the water jump. The hurdle shall be firmly fixed in front of the water and be of the same height as the others in the competition. To ensure safe landing of the competitors, the bottom of the water jump shall be covered at the further end with suitable material, at least 3.66 metres wide and 2.50 metres long, the thickness of which should not exceed approximately 25mm. 7.-Each competitor must go over or through the water anyone who steps to the one side or other of the jump or trails his foot. or leg below the horizontal plane of the top of any hurdle at the instant of clearance shall be disqualified. Provided this Rule is observed a competitor may go over each hurdle in any manner.

andl

127

RULE 164

------------

---

-----

The length of the course must not be less than the official distance for the event. In meetings under Rule 12.1(a), (b) and (c) and in races sanctioned directly by IAAF the uncertainty in the measurement must not exceed 0.10,10 (i.e.42 metres for the Marathon) and the length of the course should have been certified in advance by an IAAF approved course measurer. NOTE. I.-For measurement, the "Calibrated Bicycle Method" is

FIXED HURDLE

TRACK SURFACE I

TRACK SURFACE CONTINUED WATER

. "':.+3.....

---About Z'5 m -

_1Z1.,.m 'MI_I• • • wltll

atr ••

,t"

WATER JUMP INOTE.-For tracks not having a synthetic surface, the top of the concrete below the water should be covered with matting or synthetic surface, firmly fixed in place and of sufficient thickness to allow the spikes or shoes to grip satisfactorily).

RULE 165 Road Races 1.-The standard distances for men and women shall be 15km, 20km, Half-Marathon, 25km, 30km and Marathon race (42.195km). 2.- The races shall be run on made-up roads. However, when traffic or similar circumstances make it unsuitable, the course, duly marked, may be on a bicycle or footpath alongside the road, but not on soft ground such as grass verges or the like. The start and finish may be within an athletic arena. NOTE.-It is desirable to have a course with a single turning point,

or, alternatively, a single circuit.

3.-ln events on roads the course shall be measured along the shortest possible route that a competitor could follow within the 11 section of the road permitted for use in the race. RULES 164, 165

128

- - - -

recommended. NOTE. 2.- To prevent a course from being found to be short on a future remeasurement, it is recommended that a "short course prevention factor" is built in when laying out the course. For bicycle measurements this factor should be 0.1% which means that each kilometre on the course will have a "measured length" of lOO] metres. NOTE. 3. -If it is intended that parts of the course on race day will be defined by the use of non-permanent equipment such as cones, barricades, etc, their positioning must be decided not later than the time of the measurement and the documentation of such decisions must be included in the measurement report. 4.-A competitor must retire at once from the race if ordered to do so by a member of the medical staff officially appointed and clearly identified by an armband. 5.-The distance in kilometres on the route shall be displayed to all competitors.

6.-Sponging/Drinking and Refreshment Stations (a)-Sponging/Drinking Stations-For all events of 10 km or more, sponging/drinking water stations may be provided at suitable intervals. (b)-Refreshment Stations-For all events longer than 20 km, refreshment stations shall be provided at approximately 5km and, thereafter, at approximately every 5km. In addition, sponging/drinking stations, where water only shall be supplied, shall be placed midway between the refreshment stations. Refreshments, which may be provided either by the Organiser or the athletes, shall be made available at the stations nominated by the competitors. They shall be placed so that they are easily accessible to, or may be put into the hands of the competitors. A competitor who takes refreshment at a place other than the refreshment stations renders himself liable to disqualification. 7.-The Organisers of Road Races must ensure the safety of competitors. In competitions under Rule 12.1(a), (b) and (c) the Organisers should, where possible, ensure that the roads will be closed in both directions i.e. not open to motorised traffic. 129

RULE 165

RULE 166 Relay Races I.-Lines 50mm wide shall be drawn across the track to mark the distances of the stages and to denote the scratch line. 2.-Lines 50mm wide shall also be drawn 10 metres before and after the scratch line to denote the take-over zone, within which lines the baton must be passed. These lines are to be included in the zonal measurements. In races up to 4 x 200 metres, members of a team other than the first runner may commence running not more than 10 metres outside the take-over zone. A distinctive mark shall be made in each lane to denote this extended limit. In 4 x 200 metres relay races, the first two stages, as well as that part of the third leg up to the exit from the first bend, will be run entirely in lanes. In 4 x 400 metres relay races, the first lap, as well as that part of the second lap up to the exit from the first bend, will be run entirely in lanes. All competitors may break from their lanes immediately they have passed the exit from the first bend which will be marked with a line 50mm wide across the track and by a flag at least 1.50 metres high positioned on each side of the track. NOTE. -In the 4 x 200 metres relay and 4 x 400 metres relay, where not more than 3 teams are competing, it is recommended that only the first bend of the first lap should be run in lanes. 3.-Check-Marks. When a relay race is being run in lanes, a competitor may make a check-mark on the track within his own lane, e.g. by using self-adhesive tape but not chalk or similar substance. For a cinder or grass track, he may make a check-mark within his own lane by scratching the track. In either case, no other check-mark may be used. 4.-The Baton. The baton must be carried by hand throughout the race. If dropped, it must be recovered by the athlete who dropped it. He may leave his lane to retrieve the baton. Provided this procedure is adopted and no other athlete is impeded, dropping the baton shall not result in disqualification. In all relay races, the baton must be passed within the take-over zone. The passing of the baton is completed the moment it is in the hand of the receiving runner only. Within the take-over zone, it is only the position of the baton which is decisive, and not the position of the body or limbs of the competitors. RULE 166

130

Construction. The baton shall be a smooth hollow tube, circular in section, made of wood, metal or any other rigid material in one piece, the length of which shall not be more than 300mm and not less than 28Omm. The circumference shall be 120mm to l30mm and it shall not weigh less than 50 grams. It should be coloured so as to be easily visible during the race: 5.-The position of the teams at the start of the race shall be drawn and shall be retained at each take-over zone. After lanes shall have ceased to be used, waiting runners can move to an inner position on the track as incoming team-members arrive, provided this can be done without fouling. 6.-In events where the first part of the race is run in lanes after completing this part, are free to take up an; POSitIon on the track. 7.-Competitors, after handing over the baton, should remain in their lanes or zones until the course is clear, to avoid obstruction to other competitors. Should any competitor wilfully impede a member of another team by running out of position or lane at the finish of his stage, he is liable to cause the disqualification of his team. 8.-Assistance by pushing-off or by any other method will result in disqualification. 9.-0nce a relay team has started in a competition, only two additional athletes may be used as substitutes in the composition of the team for subsequent rounds. Substitutions in a relay team may only be made from the list of athletes already entered for the meeting whether for that or any other event. The composition of the team and the order of running for a relay must be officially declared before the start of each round of the competition. Once an athlete, who has started in a previous round, has been replaced by a substitute, he may not return to the team. RULE 167 Cross-Country Races

General:Owing to the extremely varying circumstances in which crosscountry running is practised throughout the world, especially regarding different seasons, climatic conditions and distances, it is impossible to legislate rigidly for international standardisation of this sport.

131

RULES 166, 167

,...

-----

----------

The following rules, however, are intended as a guide and incentive to assist countries to develop cross-country running both as a sport in itself and as a training adjunct to track and field athletics. Except where stated, the rules should also apply to women's events.

I.-Season. The cross-country season should normally extend throughout the winter months after the close of the track and field season. --.. . 2.-The Course. For championship and international events: (a) The race shall be run over a course confined, as far as possible, to open country, fields, heathland, commons and grasslands. A limited amount of ploughed land may be included. The traversing of roads should be kept to a minimum. (b) The course must be clearly marked, preferably with red flags

on the left and white flags on the right, all of which must be visible from a distance of 125 metres. In all other respects, the appropriate rules governing track competitions shall be followed. (c)

When designIng the course, very high obstacles should be avoided, so should deep ditches, dangerous ascents or descents, thick undergrowth and, in general, any obstacle which would constitute a difficulty beyond the aim of the competition.

It is preferable that artificial obstacles should not be used, but if the scope of the promotion renders them unavoidable, they should be made to simulate natural obstacles met within open country. In races where there are large numbers of competitors, narrow gaps or other hindrances which would deny to the competitors an unhampered run must be avoided for the first 1500 metres. (d) The course must be measured and the distance declared at the time invitations are extended, together with a brief description of the course. (e)

The responsibility for providing an acceptable, well-marked course, details of which should appear in the programme, rests with the promoting body, who should appoint clerks of the course, umpires and pointsmen at intricate parts of the course to direct competitors as necessary.

RULE 167

132

--------

NOTE.-For events other than international competitions. the foregoing regulations governing the course may be modified according to local circumstances. 3.-lt is recommended that competitors be placed in age categories. (See Rule /02). 4.-Distances Distances at lAAF World Cross Country Team Championships should be approximately:Men 12km Junior Men 8km Women 6km Junior Women 4km It is recommended that similar distances are used for other International and National competitions. 5.-Teams and Reserves. The regulations for Teams, Reserves and number of runners to score will differ from competition to competition. The LA.A.F. Cross Country 'ream Championships ruling on this, which may be adopted as a standard guide, is as follows: "For the Men's race, teams of not more than twelve competitors can be entered. Not less than six nor more than nine of these shall be allowed to start in the race of whom six will score. For the Women's and Junior Men's and Women's races, teams of not less than four nor more than eight competitors can be entered. Not more than six shall be allowed to start in the race of whom four will score."

6.-Except in international races, it may be possible to accept entries from individuals. In the same way, members of depleted teams, who on the day are unable to field the necessary scoring number, could also be allowed to compete as individuals. 7.- The Start. The races shall be started by the firing of a gun. The standard commands for distance events shall be used. In races which include a large number of competitors, a fiveminute warning before the start of the race should be given, with additional warnings if required. Stations shall be provided and the members of each team shall be lined up behind each other at the start of the race.

133

RULE 167

8.-No competitor in cross-country events is allowed to receive assistance or refreshment from any person during the progress of the race.

9.-Scoring. (a) At the conclusion of a race the Judges shall decide the

respective places of the scoring competitors of each competing team, add these together and the team having the lowest aggregate shall be declared the winners. (b) In assessing the aggregate, the finishing positions of any individual runners may be eliminated and subsequent finishing positions adjusted accordingly but with large fields, this is not recommended. (c) In the event of a tie it shall be resolved in favour of the team whose last scoring member finishes nearer the first place.

lO.-Officials. The following officials are considered to be necessary for international events, but organisers are at liberty to vary these where local circumstances require. Referee Timekeeper Judge Timekeeper's recorder Judge's stewards Chief Funnel Judge Starter Funnel Controller Competitor's stewards Funnel Judge and recorder Technical Manager Funnel stewards Umpires and Pointsmen Disc distributors Press steward Disc area stewards Prize steward Result recorder(s) NOTE.-I.A.A.F. Cross Country Team Championships:-For this annual competition, to which all I.AA.F. members are invited, separate technical rules have been approved by the Cross Country and Road Running Committee and published by the I.AA.F. Bureau.

SECTION IV -

JUMPING EVENTS

RULE 171 High Jump The Competition I.-The order in which the competitors take their trials shall be drawn by lot. (See also Rule 142.7). 2.-Before the competition begins, the Judges shall announce to the competitors the starting height and the subsequent heights to which the bar will be raised at the end of each round until there is only one competitor remaining in the competition, or there is a tie for first place. (See Rule 146). 3.-Until there is only one competitor remaining or there is a tie for first place, the bar should never be raised by less than 2 cm after each round. In a Combined Events Competition held under Rule 12.1(a), (b) and (c), each increase shall be uniformly 3cm throughout the competition. 4.-The competitor must take-off from one foot. 5.-0nce a competition has begun, competitors are not permitted to use the runway or take-off area for practice purposes. 6.-A competitor fails if he: (a) knocks the bar off the supports; or (b) touches the ground, including the landing area beyond the plane of the uprights either between or outside the uprights, with any part of his body, without first clearing the bar.

NOTE.-If a jumper, when he jumps, touches the landing area with his foot and in the opinion of the Judge no advantage is gained, the jump should not jor that reason be considered a failure. 7.-A competitor may commence jumping at any height previously announced by the Chief Judge and may jump at his own discretion at any subsequent height. Three consecutive failures (see paragraph 6) regardless of the height at which any of such failures occur, disqualify from further jumping except in the case of a tie for n first place. (See Rule 146). 11 NOTE. - The effect of this rule is that a competitor may forgo his second or third trial at a particular height (after jailing first or second time) and still jump at a subsequent height. If a competitor forgoes a trial at a certain height, he may not make any subsequent attempt at that height, except in the case ofa tie jor n first place. 11

RULE 167

134

135

RULE 171

- - - -

8.-Any measurement of a new height shall be made before competitors attempt such height. In all cases of records, the Judges must check the measurement when the bar is placed at the record height and they must re-eheck the measurdnent before each subsequent record attempt if the bar has been touched since last measured. NOTE. -Judges should ensure, before starting the competition, that the underside and front of the cross-bar are distinguishable, and that the bar is always replaced with the same surface uppermost and the same surface to the front. 9.-Even after all the other competitors have failed, a competitor is entitled to continue jumping until he has forfeited his right to compete further. Mter the competitor has won the competition, the height or heights to which the bar is raised shall be decided by the competitor in consultation with the relevant Judge or Referee. NOTE.-This does not apply for a Combined Events Competition. IO.-Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all his jumps, including jumps taken in a jump-off in a tie for first place. The Runway and Take-off Area H.-The minimum length of the runway shall be 15 metres except in competitions held under Rule l2.l(a), (b) and (c), where the minimum shall be 20 metres. Where conditions permit, the minimum length should be 25 metres. 12.-The maximum overall inclination of the runway and take-off area shall not exceed 1:250 in the direction of the centre of the crossbar. 13.-The take-off area must be level. If portable mats are used, all references in the Rules to the level of the take-off area must be construed as referring to the level of the top surface of the mat. 14.-Markers. A competitor may use a marker (supplied or approved by the Organising Committee) to assist him in his run-up and take-off. If such markers are not supplied, a competitor may use adhesive tape but not chalk or similar substance. Apparatus 15.-Uprights. Any style of uprights or posts may be used, provided they are rigid. They shall have supports for the cross-bar firmly fixed to them. They shall be sufficiently tall as to exceed the maximum height to which the cross-bar can be raised by at least 100 mm. The distance between the uprights shall be not less than 4.00 metres nor more than 4.04 metres.

---

16.-The uprights or posts shall not be moved during the competition unless the Referee considers that either the take-off or landing area has become unsuitable. In such a case the change shall be made only after a round has been completed. l7.-Cross-bar. The cross-bar shall be of wood, metal or other suitable material, circular in cross-section. The length of the cross-bar shall be between 3.98 metres and 4.02 metres. The maximum weight of the cross-bar shall be 2.0kg. The diameter of the cross-bar shall be at least 29mm but not more than 3lmm. Each end of the bar shall be constructed in such a way that one flat or concave surface of 29-35mm x 150-200mm is obtained fore the purpose of placing the bar on the supports. Those parts of the bar which rest on the supports shall be smooth. They may not be covered with rubber or any other material which has the effect of increasing the friction betwen them and the supports. lS.-Supportsfor Cross-bar. The supports for the cross-bars shall be flat and rectangular, 40 mm wide and 60 mm long. They must be firmly fixed to the uprights during the jump and shall each face the opposite upright. The ends of the cross-bar shall rest on them in such a manner that, if the cross-bar is touched by a competitor, it will easily fall to the ground, either forwards or backwards. + - - - -.... Om- ..· ...

- - - - · · -- -- --- - - m - -0- -0r0 0 - 00 - 0

UOmm min It m.x

Crossbar

height

..--150mm-200mm

lOmm

----J'

TII

End of Crossbar

-'"

Upright.

·,129mm' \

_....,-

-'j35mm _. v

mm I AIt.rnativ. End'

..;zs.» "

for

8ar

HIGH JUMP UPRIGHTS AND CROSS-BAR

RULE 171

136 137

RULE 171

The supports may not be covered with rubber or with any other material which has the effect of increasing the friction between them and the surface of the cross-bar, nor may they have any kind of springs. 19.-There shall be a space of at least IOmm between the ends of the cross-bar and the uprights. The Landing Area 20-The landing area should measure not less than 5 metres x 3 metres. NOTE. - The uprights and landing area should be so designed that there ;:. a clearance of at least 100mm between them when in use to avoid displacement of the cross-bar through a movement of the landing area causing contact with the uprights.

-A white line lOmm wide may be drawn at right angles to the axiS runway, at the level of the inside edge of the top of the box: ThIS lme shall be prolonged as far as the outside edge of the upnghts. 5.-0nce a competition has begun, competitors are not permitted to use the runway for practice purposes.

6.-A competitor fails if fie: (a) knocks the bar off the supports; or (b)

the ground, including the landing area beyond the vertical plane through the upper part of the stopboard with any part of his body or with the pole, without first clearing the bar; or

after leaving the ground places his lower hand above the upper one or moves the upper hand higher on the pole; or 7.-:-A competitor may commence vaulting at any height announced by the Chief Judge and may vault at his own dlscretlOn at any subsequent height. Three consecutive failures (See paragraph 6) regardless of the height at which such failures occur disqualify from further vaulting, except in the case of a tie for place. (See Rule 146). (c)

RULE 172 Pole Vault The Competition I.-The order in which the competitors take their trials shall be drawn by lot. (See also Rule 142.7). 2.-Before the competition begins, the Judges shall announce to the competitors the starting height and the subsequent heights to which the bar will be raised at the end of each round, until there is only one competitor remaining in the competition or there is a tie for I1 first place. (See Rule 146). 3.-Until there is only one competitor remaining, or there is a tie for first place, the bar should never be raised by less than 5 cm after each round. In a Combined Events Competition held under Rule 12.1(a), (b) and (c), each increase shall be uniformly IDem throughout the competition. 4.-Competitors may have the uprights moved in either direction, but not more than 0.4 metres in the direction of the runway, and not more than 0.8 metres to the landing area from the prolongation of the inside edge of the top of the box. The competitor shall, before the competition starts, inform the official responsible of the position of the uprights he requires for his first attempt and this position shall be recorded. If subsequently the competitor wants to make any changes he should immediately inform the official responsible before the uprights have been set in accordance with his initial wishes. Failure to do this must lead to the start of his 2 minutes time limit.

RULES 171, 172

138

NOTE.-The effect of this rule is that a competitor may forgo his second and/or third vault at a particular height (after failing first or second time) and still jump at a subsequent height. If a competitor forgoes a trial at a certain height, he may not make any subsequent attempts at that height, except in the case of a tie for first place. . S.-Any measurement of a new height shall be made before the competitors attempt such height. In all cases of records, the Judges must check the measurement when the bar is placed at the record height and they must re-eheck the measurement before each subsequent record attempt if the bar has been touched since last measured. NOTE. should ensure, before starting the competition, that the underside and front of the cross-bar are distinguishable and that the bar is always replaced with the same surface uppermost and the same surface to the front. . 9.-Competitors are permitted, during the competition, to place a substance on their hands or on the pole, in order to obtain a better grip.

139

RULE 172

- - - -

------- - - - - - - - -

The use of tape on the hands or fingers shall not be allowed except in the case of the need to cover an open wound. IO.-No one shall be allowed to touch the pole unless it is falling away from the bar or uprights. If it is touched, however, and the Referee is of the opinion that, but for the intervention, the bar would have been knocked off, the vault shall be recorded as a failure. II.-If in making an attempt, the competitor's pole is broken, it shall not be counted as a failure. 12.-Even after all the other competitors have failed, a competitor is entitled to continue vaulting until he has forfeited his right to compete further. After the competitor has won the competition, the height or heights to which the bar is raised shall be decided by the competitor in consultation with the relevant Judge or Referee. NOTE.- This does not apply for a Combined Events Competition. B.-Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all his vaults, induding vaults taken in a jump-off in a tie for first place.

f 1St••,

10.

Lining 'or

mmr

Wood.n Box

••• mm------------oI

The Runway

14.-The minimum length provided for the runway shall be 40 metres. The runway should have a minimum width of 1.22 metres and a maximum width of 1.25 metres. The runway should be marked by white lines 50mm in width. Where conditions permit, the minimum length should be 45 metres. 15.-The maximum allowance for lateral inclination of the runway shall not exceed 1: 100 and the overall inclination in the running direction 1: 1000. 16.-Markers. No marks shall be placed on the runway but a competitor may use a marker (supplied or approved by the Organising Committee) alongside the runway. If such markers are not supplied, a competitor may use adhesive tape but not chalk or .similar substance.

Apparatus 17 .-Box. The take-off for the Pole Vault shall be from a box. It shall be constructed of suitable rigid material, and shall be sunk level with the ground and shall be 1 metre in length, measured along the inside of the bottom of the box, 600mm in width at the front end and tapering to 150mm in width at the bottom of the stop board. The length of the box at ground level and the depth of the stop board are determined by the angle of 105° formed between the base and the RULE 172

stop board. The base of the box shall slope from ground level at the front end to a vertical distance below ground level of 200mm at the point where it meets the stop board. The box should be constructed in such a manner that the sides slope outwards and end next to the stop board at an angle of approximately 120° to the base. If the box is constructed of wood, the bottom shall be lined with 2.5mm sheet metal for a distance of 800mm from the front of the box.

140

PLAN

Abou!?

. ,,0.

---------.: : : f..

VIEW

,...

• lit",

Level of Runway

115'

224 mm

2 .. mm

VERTICAL SECTION

POLE VAULT BOX

18.-Uprights. Any style of uprights or posts may be used, provided they are rigid. The distance between the uprights or between the extension arms where such are used, shall be not less than 4.30 metres nor more than 4.37 metres wide. 19.-Cross-bar. The cross-bar shall be of wood, metal or other suitable material, circular in cross-section. RULE 172

141

75mm

placed upon extension arms permanently attached to the uprights, thus allowing the uprights to be placed wider apart, without increasing the length of the cross-bar (See diagram).

n le

13mm MAXIMUM

Vaulting Poles 21.-Competitors may use their own poles. No competitor shall be allowed to use any other competitor's pole except with the consent of the owner. The pole may be of any material or combination of materials and of any length or diameter but the basic surface must be smooth. The pole may have a binding of not more than two layers of adhesive tape of uniform thickness and with a smooth surface. This restriction does not however, apply to binding the bottom end of the pole with protective layers of tape for a distance of about 0.30 metres to reduce the risk of damaging the pole when striking the back of the box.

DIAMETER OR WlDTH

J FRONT VIEW

ALTERNATIVE POLE

SIDE VIEW

POLE VAULT EXTENSION ARMS

VAULT SUPPORTS

The length of the cross-bar shall be between 4.48 metres and 4.52 metres. The maximum weight of the cross-bar shall be 2.25kg. The diameter of the cross-bar shall be at least 29mm but not more than 31mm. Each end of the bar shall be constructed in such a way that one flat or concave surface of 29-35mm x 150-200mm is obtained for the purpose of placing the bar on the supports. Those parts of the bar which rest on the supports shall be smooth. They may not be covered with rubber or any other material which has the effect of increasing the friction between them and the supports. 20.-Supports for cross-bar. Pegs shall be used to support the cross-bar and shall be without notches or indentations of any kind, of uniform thickness throughout and not more than 13mm in diameter. They must not extend more than 75mm from the uprights, and the cross-bar shall rest on them so that if it is touched by a competitor or his pole, it will fall easily to the ground in the direction of the landing area. The pegs may not be covered with rubber or with any other material which has the effect of increasing the friction between them and the surface of the bar, nor may they have any kind of springs.

The Landing Area 22.-The Landing Area should measure not less than 5 x 5 metres. 5'Om-

To lessen the chance of injury to a competitor by his falling on the feet of the uprights, the pegs supporting the cross-bar may be NOTE. -

RULE 172

5'Om

Plan ofa Suitable Landing Area

about 1Âˇ3m

'----_----J.J

RULE 173 Long Jump The Competition I.-The order in which the competitors take their trials shall be drawn by lot. (See also Rule 142.7).

142 143

RULE 172, 173

----

-----

----

- - - - -

1'"

2.-Where there are more than eight competitors, each competitor shall be allowed three trials and the eight competitors with the best jumps shall be allowed three additional trials. In the event of a tie for eighth place, any competitor so tying shall be allowed the three additional trials, Where [here are eight competitors or fewer, each competitor shall be allowed six trials. (See also Rule 140.2).

NOTE:-Tying means, in this connection, clearing the same distance and Rule 146.3 should not, therefore be applied. 3,-Once a competition has begun, competitors are not permitted to use the runway for practice purposes. 4.--A competitor fails if he: (a) touches the ground beyond the take-off line with any part of his person, whether running up without jumping or in the act of jumping; or (b) takes off from outside either end of the board, whether beyond or before the extension of the take-off line; or (c) in the. course of landing, touches the ground outside the to the take-off than the nearest break in landing area the landing area made by the jump; or (d) after a completed jump, walks back through the landing area; or (e) employs any form of somersaulting. 5.-Except as shown in 4(b) above, if a competitor takes off before reaching the board it shall not, for that reason, be counted as a failure. 6.-All jumps shall be measured from the nearest break in the landing area made by any part of the body or limbs to the take-off line, or take-off line extended. The measurement must be taken perpendicular to the take-off line or its extension. 7.-Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all his 11 jumps, including those achieved in deciding a tie for first place. The Runway 8.-The minimum length provided for the runway metres. The runway should have a minimum width of and a maximum width of.l.25 The runway. by white lines 50mm ill width. Where condItIOns 11 minimum length should be 45 metres. RULE 173

144

shall be 40 1.22 metres be permit the

9.-The maximum allowance for lateral inclination of the runway shall not exceed 1: 100 and the overall inclination in the running direction 1: 1000. IO.-Markers. A competitor may place alongside the runway a - marker (supplied or approved by the Organising Committee) to assist him in his run-up and take-off. However, if such markers are not supplied, he may use adhesive tape but not chalk or similar substance. The Take-off Board 11.-The take-off shall be marked by a board sunk level with the runway and the surface of the landing area. The edge of the board which is nearer to the landing area shall be called the take-off line. Immediately beyond the take-off line there shall be placed a board of plasticine or other suitable material for recording the athlete's footprint when he has foot-faulted. If it is not possible to install the above apparatus, the following method should be adopted: immediately beyond the take-offline and across all the length of it over a width of l00mm the ground shall be sprinkled with soft earth or sand, at an angle of 30Â° to the horizontal.

12.-The distance between the take-off board and the far end of the landing area shall be at least 10 metres. 13.- The take-off board shall be not less than 1 metre from the nearer end of the landing area. 14.-Construction. The take-off board shall be rectangular, made of wood or other suitable rigid material and shall measure 1. 21 11 metres to 1.22 metres long, 198mm to 202mm wide and l00mm deep. It shall be painted white. 15.-Plasticine Indicator Board. This shall consist of a rigid board, 98mm-102mm wide and 1.21 metres to 1.22 metres long, covered with plasticine or other suitable material on the top surface. The surface shall rise from the level of the take-off board at an angle of 30 in the direction of the running to a maximum height above the take-off board of 7mm. The board shall be mounted in a recess or shelf in the runway, on the side of the take-off board nearer the landing area. When mounted in this recess, the whok assembly must be sufficiently rigid to accept the full force of the athlete's foot. The surface of the board beneath the plasticine shall be of a material in which the spikes of an athlete's shoe will grip and not skid. 0

145

RULE 173

The layer of plasticine can be smoothed off by of a or suitably shaped scraper for the purposes of removmg the footpnnts of the competitors. NOTE. -It will be found very helpful to have spare plasticine boards available, so that, while a footprint is being eliminated, the competition is not delayed.

.....

,"in

1'.Z".."

... ·3·..

m.. :

7......

Ta•• 0" Board 3"'", rnin

.....

PI •• tidn • Indicator Boarel

TAKE-OFF BOARD AND PLASTICINE INDICATOR BOARD

RULE 174 Triple Jump The Competition The Triple Jump shall consist of a hop, a step and a jump in that order. The hop shall be made so that the competitor lands first upon the same foot as that from which he has taken off; in the step he shall land on the other foot from which, subsequently the jump is performed. With the following exceptions, all Rules for the Long Jump shall apply to the Triple Jump:Take-off Board The distance between the take-off board and the far end of the landing area shall be at least 21 metres. The take-off board shall be not less than 13 metres from the nearer end of the landing area.

The Landing Area 16.-The landing area shall have a minimum width of 2. 75 It shall, if possible, be so placed that the middle of runway, If extended, would coincide with the middle of the landmg area. NOTE. - When the axis of the runway is not in line with the centre line of the landing area a tape, or if necessary, two .tapes,. should be placed along the landing area so that the above IS achIeved. (See diagram).

-CL

CENTRALISED WITJ LANDING AREA

17.-The landing area should be filled with soft damp sand, the

1I top surface of which shall be level with the take-off board. RULE 173

146

147

RULE 174

SECTION V - THROWING EVENTS RULE 181 Putting the Shot The Competition I.-The order in which the competitors take their trials shall be drawn by lot. (See also Rule 142. 7). 2.-Where there are more than eight competitors, each competitor shall be allowed three trials, and the eight competitors with the best performances shall be allowed three additional trials. In the event of a tie for eighth place, any competitor so tying shall be allowed three additional trials. Where there are eight competitors or fewer, each competitor shall be allowed six trials. (See also Rule 140.2).

Tying means, in this connection, achieving the same distance, and Rule 146.3 should not therefore be applied. NOTE. -

8.-It shall be a foul if the competitor, after he has stepped into the circle and begun to make a put, touches with any part of his body the ground outside the circle, the top of the iron band, stop board or circle or improperly releases the shot in making any attempt. 9.-Provided that, in the cOlirse of a trial, the foregoing rules have not been a competitor may interrupt a trial once started, may lay the Implement down inside or outside the circle and may the circle. When leaving the circle he must step out as required In paragraph 12, before returning to a stationary position and beginning a fresh trial. NOTE.-All the moves permitted by this paragraph shall be included in the maximum time for a trial given in Rule 142.4. 1O.-For a valid trial, the shot must fall completely within the inner edges of the landing sector. 11.-The measurement of each put shall be made immediately after the put from the nearest mark made by the fall of the shot to the inside of the circumference of the circle, along a line from 'the mark made by theshot to the centre of the circle.

3.-At the competition area, each competitor may have a maximum of two practice trials which should be made in draw order, under the supervision of the Judges. 4.-0nce a competition has begun, competitors are not permitted to use the circle or ground within the sector for practice trials, with or without implements. 5.-The put shall be made from the circle. A competitor must commence the put from a stationary position. A competitor is allowed to touch the inside of both the iron band and the stop board. 6. -The shot shall be put from the shoulder with one hand only. At the time the competitor takes a stance in the ring to commence a put, the shot shall touch or be in close proximity to the chin and the hand shall not be dropped below this position during the action of putting. The shot must not be taken behind the line of the shoulders. 7. (a) No device of any kind - e.g. the taping of two or more fingers together - which in any way assists a competitor when making a put, shall be allowed. The use of tape on the hand shall not be allowed except in the case of the need to cover an open cut or wound. (b) The use of gloves is not allowed. (c) In order to obtain a better grip, competitors are permitted to use a suitable substance on their hands only. (d) In order to protect the spine from injury, a competitor may wear a belt of leather or other suitable material. (e) A competitor may not spray or spread any substance in the circle nor on his shoes.

I5.-Construction. Circles shall be made of band iron steel or other suitable material, the top of which shall be flush' with the ground outside. The interior of the circle may be constructed of concrete, asphalt or some other firm but not slippery material. The 'surface of this interior shall be level and 14mm-26rnm lower than the upper edge of the rim of the circle. A portable circle meeting with these specifications is permissible.

148

149

RULE 181

12.-The competitor must not leave the circle until the implement has touched the ground. When leaving the circle, the first contact with the top of the iron band or the ground outside the circle must be completely behind the white line which is drawn outside the circle running theoretically through the centre of the circle. (See paragraph 17). l3.-Implements must be carried back to the circle and never thrown back. . 14.-:-Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all his puts, mcludmg those achieved in deciding a tie for first place. The Shot Circle

RULE 181

16.-Measurements. The inside diameter of the circle shall measure 2.135m (Âą5mm).

.t [ ; t .'

The rim of the circle shall be at least 6mm thick and shall be painted white. 17.-A white line 50mm wide shall be drawn from the top of the metal rim extending for at least 0.75m on either side of the circle. It may be painted or made of wood or other suitable material. The rear edge of the white line shall form a prolongation of a theoretical line through the centre of the circle at right angles to the centre line of the throwing sector.

112mm

300mm

PLAN VIEW

NOTE.-StoP boards to previous IAAF specifications remain 11 acceptable. t

112-300rnm i

98--

Surface of

STOP

102 mm

Circle

BOARD

(iround level

14 - 26mm

iCircle

The Shot

.1- :

HS",-O

20.-Construction. The shot shall be of solid iron, brass or any metal not softer th"an brass, or a shell of such metal filled with lead or other material. It must be spherical in shape and the surface must be smooth. 21.-It shall conform to the following specifications: Shot

LAYOUT OF SHOT CIRCLE

The Stop Board

18.-Construction. The board shall be painted white and made of

wood or other suitable material in the shape of an arc so that the inner edge coincides with the inner edge of the circle, and also be so made that it can be firmly fixed to the ground.

19.-Measurements. The board shall measure 112mm to 300mm wide, 1.21m to 1.23m long on the inside and 98mm to 102mm high in relation to the level of the inside of the circle. RULE 181

150

Men

Women

Minimum weight for acceptance of a record

7.260 kg

4.000 kg

Range for supply of equipment for competition

7.265 kg7.285 kg

4.005 kg4.025 kg

110mm 130mm

95mm llOmm

Minimum Diameter Maximum Diameter

22.-At competitions held under Rule 12.1(a), (b) and (c), only implements provided by the Organisers may beÂˇ used, and no modification can be made to them during the competition. No competitor shall be permitted to take any implement into the arena. At meetings between two or more Members, competitors may use their own implements, provided these are checked and marked as 151

RULE 181

approved by the Organisers before the competition and made available to all competitors. The Landing Sector 23.-The landing sector shall consist of cinders or grass or suitable material on which the shot makes an imprint. 24.-The maximum allowance for the overall downward inclination of the landing sector in the putting direction shall not exceed 1: 1000. 25.-The landing sector shall be marked with white lines 50mm wide at an angle of 40Â° such that the lines, if extended, would pass through the centre of the circle. 26.-A distinctive flag or marker may be provided to mark the best throw of each competitor, in which case, it shall be placed along, and outside, the sector lines. A distinctive flag or marker shall also be provided to mark the existing World Record and, when appropriate, the existing Continental or National Record. RULE 182 Throwing the Discus The Competition I.-The order in which the competitors take their trials shall be drawn by lot. (See also Rule 142.7). 2.-Where there are more than eight competitors, each competitor shall be allowed three trials, and the eight competitors with the best performances shall be allowed three additional trials. In the event of a tie for eighth place, any competitor so tying shall be allowed three additional trials. Where there are eight competitors or fewer, each competitor shall be allowed six trials. (See also Rule 140.2). NOTE.-Tying means, in this connection, achieving the same distance, and Rule 146.3 should not therefore be applied. 3.-At the competition area, each competitor may have a maximum of two practice trials which should be made in draw order, under the supervision of the Judges. 4.-0nce a competition has begun, competitors are not permitted to use the circle or ground within the sector for practice trials, with or without implements. 5.-The throw shall be made from the circle. A competitor must commence the throw from a stationary position. A competitor is allowed to touch the inside of the iron band. RULES 181, 182

152

6 (a).-No device of any kind - e.g. the taping of two or more fingers together - which in any way assists a competitor when making a throw, shall be allowed. The use of tape on the hand shall not be allowed except in the case of the need to cover an open cut or wound. (b) The use of gloves is not allowed. (c) In .order to obtain a bet!er grip, competitors are permitted to use a sUitable substance on their hands only. (d) In order to protect the spine from injury, a competitor may wear a belt of leather or other suitable material. (e) A competitor may not spray or spread any substance in the circle nor on his shoes. be a foul throw if the competitor, after he has stepped the CIrcle and begun to make a throw, touches, with any part of ?IS the ground outside the circle or the top edge of the circle, or If he Improperly releases the discus in making any attempt. . 7.-lt

8.-Provided that, in the course of a trial the foregoing rules have not been infringed, a competitor may interrupt a trial once started implement inside or outside the circle and ma; may lay !eave the CIrcle. When leavmg the circle he must step out as required III pargraph 11, before returning to a stationary position and beginning a fresh trial. . NOTE.-:AIl the moves permitted by this paragraph shall be mcluded m the maximum time for a trial given in Rule 142.4. 11

9.-For a valid trial, the discus must fall completely within the inner edges of the landing sector. 10.-The measurement of each throw shall be made immediately after the throw from the nearest mark made by the discus to the inside of the circumference of the circle, along a line from the mark made by the implement to the centre of the circle. 11.-The competitor must not leave the circle until the implement has touched the ground. When leaving the circle the first contact with the top of the iron band or ground outside the circle must be completely behind the white line which is drawn outside the circle running theoretically through the centre of the circle. (See paragraph 16). ' 12.-Implements must be carried back to the circle and never thrown back. 153

RULE 182

... B.-Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all his throws, including those achieved in deciding a tie for first place. 1\ The Discus Circle 14.-Construction. Circles shall be made of band iron, s.teel or other suitable material, the top of which shall be flush wlth the ground outside. The interior of the circle may be constructed of concrete, asphalt or other firm, but not slippery, material. The surface of the interior shall be level and 14mm-26mm lower than the upper edge of the rim of the circle. IS.-Measurements. The inside diameter of the circle shall be 2.50 metres (Âą5mm). The rim of the circle shall be at least 6mm thick, and shall be painted white.

The Discus 17 .-Construction. The body of the Discus shall be made of wood, or other suitable material, with a metal rim, the edge of which shall be circular. The cross section of the edge shall be rounded in a true circle having a radius of approximately 6mm. There may be circular plates set flush into the centre of the sides. Alternatively, the Discus may be made witho.ut metal plates, provided that the equivalent area is flat and the measurements and total weight of the implement correspond to the specifications. Each side of the Discus shall be identical and shall be made without indentations, projections or sharp edges. The sides shall taper in a straight line from the beginning of the curve of the rim to a circle of a radius of 25mm to 28.5mm from the centre of the Discus. 18.-It shall conform to the following specifications:

Discus

Men

Women

2.000kg

l.OOOkg

2.005kg2.025kg

1.00Skgl.025kg

Weight Minimum for acceptance of record Range for supply of equipment for competition

LAYOUT OF DISCUS CIRCLE

16.-A white line 50mm wide shall be drawn from the of the metal rim extending for at least 0.75m on either side of the cucle. It may be painted, or made of wood or other suit.able material. rear edge of the white line shall form a prolongation of a line through the centre of the circle at right angles to the centre hne of the throwing sector.

RULE 182

154

Outside diameter of metal rim

Min. Max.

219mm 221mm

180mm 182mm

Diameter of metal plate or flat centre area

Min. Max.

50mm 57mm

Min. Max.

44mm 46mm

37mm 39mm

Min.

12mm

Thickness over flat centre area or metal plates Thickness ofrim (6mm from edge)

155

RULE 182

DISCUS

..,. I

Women

180-182mm

19.-At competitions under Rule 12.1(a), (b) and (c), only implements provided by the Organisers may be used and no modification can be made to them during the competition. No competitor shall be permitted to take any implement into the arena. At meetings between two or more Members, competitors may use their own implements, provided these are checked and marked as approved by the Organisers before the competition and made available to all competitors. The Landing Sector 20.-The maximum allowance for the overall downward inclination of the landing sector, in the throwing direction, shall not exceed 1: 1000.

21.-The landing sector shall be marked with white lines 50mm wide at an angle of 40Â° such that the lines, if extended would pass through the centre of the circle. 22.-A distinctive flag or marker may be provided to mark the best throw of each competitor, in which case, it shall be placed along, and outside, the sector lines. A distinctive flag or marker shall also be provided to mark the existing World Record and, when appropriate, the existing Continental or National Record. RULE 182

156

RULE 183 Discus Throwing Cage I.-All discus throws shall be made from an enclosure or cage to ensure the safety of spectators, officials and competitors. The cage specified in this Rule is intended for use in a major stadium with spectators all the way round the outside of the arena and with other events taking place in the arena. Where this does not apply, and especially in training areas, a much simpler construction may be satisfactory. Advice is available, on request, from national organisations or from the LA.A.F. Bureau. NOTE.- The hammer throwing cage specified in Rule 185 may also be used for discus throwing, either by installing a 2.135/2.5m concentric circle, or by using an extended version of that cage with a second discus circle instaJJed behind the hammer circle. Details are given in Rule 185. 2.-The cage should also be designed, manufactured and maintained so as to be capable of stopping a 2kg discus moving at a speed of up to 25 metres per second. The arrangement should be such that while stopping the discus there is no danger of it ricocheting off fixed members of the cage, back towards the athlete or over the top of the net. Provided it satisfies all the requirements in this rule, any form of cage design and construction can be used. 3.-The cage should be V-shaped in plan, consisting of a minimum of 6 panels of netting 3.17m wide, as shown in the diagram. The width of the mouth should be 6m, positioned 5m in front of the centre of the throwing circle. The height of the netting panels should be at least 4m. Provision should be made in the design and construction of the cage to prevent a discus forcing its way through any joints in the cage or the netting or underneath the netting panels. Alternatively, the hammer throwing cage specified in these Rules from 1958-1978 can be used for the discus. In this case, the circle should be positioned a.80m further back, (i.e. with the centre of the circle 5m from the 6m wide mouth) in order to increase safety. 4.-The netting for the cage can be made from suitable natural or synthetic fibre cord or, alternatively, from mild or high tensile steel wire. The maximum mesh size shall be 50mm for steel wire and 44mm for cord netting. The minimum size of cord or wire depends on the construction of the cage, but the minimum breaking strain should be 4Okg. 157

RULE 183

e :'

...

Q) C)

r .

---------

tIJ Q)

0+-_-

__ -

(J:' ,

°°M

o (I)

;j C)

I-

(I) I

I I

Q I

I; !.

I I I

Cl)

.->ca c:

Q) C)

11 il 'j

° °

....0

(J Q)

E ca

tIJ

::J:

rG Q.

(I)

;:) I

RULE 183

In order to ensure the continued safety of the cage, the steel netting should be inspected at least every 12 months. Visual inspection is not sufficient for fibre cord. Instead, several sample lengths of the standard cord should be worked into the netting by the manufacturer. One of these can be removed every 12 months and tested to ensure the continued strength of the netting. 5.-The maximum danger sector for discus throws from this cage is approximately 98°, when used by both right and left handed throwers in the same competition. The position and alignment of the cage in the arena is, therefore, critical for its safe use.

E I

158

•

.,..I I

RULE 184 Throwing the Hammer The Competition I.-The order in which the competitors take their trials shall be drawn by lot. (See also Rule 142.7). 2.-Where there are more than eight competitors, each competitor shall be allowed three trials, and the eight competitors with the best performances shall be allowed three additional trials. In the event of a tie for eighth place, any competitor so tying shall be allowed three additional trials. Where there are eight competitors or fewer, each competitor shall be allowed six trials. (See also Rule 140.2). NOTE. - Tying means, in this connection, achieving the same distance, and Rule 146.3 should not therefore be applied. 3.-At the competition area, each competitor may have a maximum of two practice trials which should be made in draw order under the supervision of the Judges. 4.-0nce a competition has begun, competitors are not permitted to use the circle or ground within the sector for practice trials, with or without implements. 5.-The throw shall be made from the circle. A competitor must commence the throw from a stationary position. A competitor is allowed to touch the inside of the iron band. The competitor, in his starting position prior to the preliminary swings or turns, is allowed to put the head of the hammer on the ground inside or outside the circle. A competitor is allowed to touch the inner edge of the circle. 159

RULES 183, 184

6.-It shall not be considered a foul throw if the head of the hammer touches the ground when the competitor makes the preliminary swings or turns, but if, after having so touched the ground, he stops throwing so as to begin the throw again, this shall count as a failure. 7.-(a) No device of any kind - e.g. the taping of two or more fingers together -. which in any way assists a competitor when making a throw, shall be allowed. However taping of individual fingers is permissible. The taping should be shown to the Chief Judge before the event starts. The use of a tape on the hand shall not be allowed except in the case of the need to cover an open cut or wound. (b) Gloves for the protection of the hands are permitted. The gloves must be smooth on the back and the front and the finger-tips must be exposed, i.e. the tops of the fingers of the gloves must not be closed. (e) In order to obtain a better grip, competitors are permitted to use a suitable substance on their hands or gloves only. (d) In order to protect the spine from injury, a competitor may wear a belt of leather or other suitable material. (e) A competitor may not spray or spread any substance in the circle nor on his shoes. 8.-It shall be a foul throw if the competitor, after he has stepped into the circle and begun to make a throw, touches with any part of his body the ground outside the circle or the top edge of the circle or if he improperly releases the hammer in making any attempt. 9.-Provided that, in the course of a trial, the foregoing rules have not been infringed, a competitor may interrupt a once started, may lay the implement down inside or outside the circle, and leave the circle. When leaving the circle he must step out as reqUired in paragraph 13 before returning to a stationary position and beginning a fresh trial. NOTE. -All the moves permitted- by this paragraph shall be included in the maximum time for a trial given in Rule 142.4. IO.-If the hammer breaks during a throw or while in the air, it shall not count as a foul throw, provided the attempt was made in accordance with this Rule. If the competitor thereby loses his balance and contravenes any part of this Rule it shall not be counted as a foul throw. ll.-For a valid trial the hammer head must fall completely within the inner edges of the landing sector. RULE 184

160

12.-The measurement of each throw shall be made immediately after the throw from the nearest mark made by the fall of the head of the hammer to the inside of the circumference of the circle, along a line from the mark made by the implement to the centre of the circle. 13.-The competitor must not leave the circle until the hammer has touched the ground. When leaving the circle, the first contact with the top of the iron band oithe ground outside the circle must be completely behind the white line which is drawn outside the circle running theoretically through the centre of the circle. (See paragraph 18). 14.-Implements must be carried back to the circle and never thrown back. 15.-Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all his 11 throws, including those achieved in deciding a tie for first place. The Hammer Circle

16.-Construetion. Circles shall be made of band iron, steel or other suitable material, the top of which shall be flush with the ground outside. The interior of the circle may be constructed of concrete, asphalt or other firm but not slippery material. The surface of the interior shall be level and 14mm-26mm lower than the upper edge of the rim of the circle. 17.-Measurements. The inside diameter of the circle shall be 2.135 metres (Âą5mm). The rim of the circle shall be at least 6mm thick and shall be painted white. 18.-A white line 50mm wide shall be drawn from the top of the metal rim extending for at least O.75m on either side of the circle. It may be painted or made of wood or other suitable material. The rear edge of the white line shall form a prolongation of a theoretical line through the centre of the circle at right angles to the centre line of the throwing sector. The hammer may be thrown from the Discus circle provided the diameter of this circle is reduced from 2.5m to 2.135m by the placing of a circular ring inside. The Hammer

19.-Construetion. The hammer shall consist of three parts: a metal head, a wire and a grip. 161

RULE 184

20.-Head. The head shall be of solid iron or other metal not softer than brass or a shell of such metal, filled with lead or other solid material with a minimum diameter of IlOmm. It must be completely spherical in shape. If a filling is used, this must be inserted in such a manner that it is immovable and that the centre of gravity shaH not be more than 6mm from the centre of the sphere.

1t=======:::J

21.- Wire. The wire shaH be a single unbroken and straight length of spring steel wire not less than 3mm in diameter or No. 11 Standard Wire Gauge, and shall be such that it cannot stretch appreciably while the hammer is being thrown. The wire may be looped at one or both ends as a means of attachment. :---Approx "8

LAYOUT OF HAMMER CIRCLE

A SUITABLE DOUBLE LOOP GRIP IS ILLUSTRATED ABOVE .--0Âˇ75 m --;> min

LAYOUT OF CONCENTRIC CIRCLES FOR DISCUS AND HAMMER RULE 184

162

22.-Grip. The grip may be either of single or double loop construction, but must be rigid and without hinging joints of any kind. It must not stretch appreciably while being thrown. It must bell attached to the wire in such a manner that it cannot be turned within the loop of the wire to increase the overall length of the hammer. 23.-Connections for wire. The wire shaH be connected to the head by means of a swivel, which may be either plain or ball bearing. The grip shall be connected to the wire by means of a loop. A swivel may not be used. 163

RULE 184

24.-The hammer shall conform to the following specifications: Weight complete as thrown Minimum for 7. 260kg acceptance of record Range for supply of equipment for competition

7.265kg - 7.285kg

Length of Hammer measured from inside of grip Minimum 1175mm Maximum 1215mm Diameter of head Minimum Maximum

IIOmm l30mm

Centre of gravity of head Not more than 6mm from the centre of the sphere, e.g. =- It must be possible to balance the head, less handle and grip, on a horizontal sharp-edged circular orifice 12mm in diameter (see diagram).

((1')

IIF 12mm

MIFE &DGE

RIM

r--

n.-The landing sector shall be marked with white lines 50mm wide at an angle of 40Â° such that the lines, if extended would pass through the centre of the circle. 28.-A distinctive flag or marker may be provided to mark the best throw of each competitor, in which case, it shall be placed along, and outside, the sector lines.

A distinctive flag or marker shall also be provided to mark the existing World Record and, when appropriate, the existing Continental or National Record. RULE 185 Hammer Throwing Cage 1.-All hammer throws shall be made from an enclosure or cage to ensure the safety of spectators, officials and competitors. The cage specified in this rule is intended for use in a major stadium, with spectators all the way round the outside of the arena, and other events taking place in the arena. Where this does not apply, and especially in training areas, a much simpler construction may be satisfactory. Advice is available on request from national organisations or from the I.A.A.F. Bureau.

/BASI

--"

Suggested apparatus for testing centre of gravity of Hammer head

25.-At competitions under Rule 12.1(a), (b) and (c), only hammers provided by the Organisers may be used, and no modifications can be made to them during the competition. No competitor shall be permitted to take any hammers into the arena. At meetings between two or more Members, competitors may use their own hammers, provided these are checked and marked as approved by the Organisers before the competition and made available to all competitors.

2.-The cage should be designed, manufactured and maintained so as to be capable of stopping a 7.26kg hammer head IIOmm in diameter, moving at a speed of up to 29 metres per second. The arrangement should be such that there is no danger of ricocheting or rebounding back towards the athlete or over the top of the cage. Provided that it satisfies all the requirements of this rule, any form of cage design and construction can be used. 3.-The cage should be V-shaped in plan, consisting of a minimum of 7 panels of netting, each 2.74m wide as shown on the diagram. The width of the mouth should be 6m, positioned 4.2m in front of the centre of the throwing circle. The height of the netting panels shall be at least 5m.

The Landing Sector 26.-The maximum allowance for the overall downward inclination of the landing sector in the throwing direction shall not exceed 1:1000.

Provisions should be made in the design and construction of the cage to prevent a hammer forcing its way through any joints in the cage or the netting or underneath the netting panels.

164

165

RULE 184

RULES 184, 185

4.-Two moveable netting panels 2m wide shall be provided at the front of the cage, only one of which will be operative at a time. The minimum height of the panels shall be 5.5m.

E E N

NOTES.(i) The left

.. .. is ...

:::I

"tI C

â&#x20AC;˘E E cc

::a:

-o Gl

Cl)

cc CJ

Cl)

E E

:I:

.. Cl)

.->

'E------:-._-

.. '\ ÂŤ.' C

.,'

.. !

Cl)

c 0

El'

- r:N

E E cc

Cl)

<,.---

RULE 185

â&#x20AC;˘

----.--

166

o en c

-Gl

,."

'to-

cc CJ

hand panel is used for a right handed thrower and the right hand panel for a left handed thrower. In view of the possible need to change over from one panel to the other during the competition, when both left and right handed throwers are present, it is essential that this changeover should require little labour and be carried out in the minimum of time. (iO The left panel only is shown in the diagram, in position for the cage to be used by a right-handed thrower. The end position for the right panel is also shown on the diagram. (iii) When in operation, the moveable panel must be exactly in the position shown. Provision must, therefore, be made in the design of the movable panels to lock them in the operative position. (iv) The construction of these panels and their operation depends on the overall design of the cage and can be sliding, hinging on a vertical or horizontal axis or dismounting. The only firm requirements are that the panel in operation must be fully able to stop any hammer striking it and there must be no danger of a hammer being able to force its way between the fIXed and movable panels. 5.-The netting for the cage can be made from suitable natural or synthetic fibre cord or, alternatively, from mild or high-tensile steel wire. The maximum mesh size shall be 50rnm steel wire and 44mm for cord netting. The minimum size of cord or wire depends on the construction of the cage, but the minimum breaking strain should be 130kg. In order to ensure the continued safety of the cage, the steel netting should be inspected at least every 12 months. Visual inspection is not sufficient for fibre cord. Instead, several sample lengths of the standard cord should be worked into the netting by the manufacturer. One of these can be removed every 12 months and tested to ensure the continued strength of the netting. 6.-Where it is desired to use the same cage for discus throwing, the installation can be adapted in two alternative ways. Most simply, a 2. 135/2.5m concentric circle may be fitted, but this involves using the same surface in the circle for hammer and discus throwing. For separate circles for hammer and discus in the same cage, the two circles must be placed one behind the other with the centres 2.37m apart on the centre line of the throwing sector and with the 167

RULE 185

pr hammer circle at the front. The shape of the rear of the cage must then two be enlarged using a minimum of eight fixed pan,els 2.83m wide movable panels 2m wide, as shown in the diagram. The mImmum height of the panels, both fixed and movable, for this enlarged cage shall be the same as for the standard cage. 7.-The maximum danger sector for hammer throws from this cage is approximately 85 0 , when used by both right and left handed throwers in the same competition. The position and alignment of the cage in the arena is, therefore, critical for its safe use.

RULE 186 Throwing the Javelin The Competition i.-The order in which the competitors take their trials shall be drawn by lot. See also Rule 142.7. 2.-Where th.ere are more than eight competitors, each competitor shall be allowed three trials, and the eight competitors with the best performances shall be allowed three additional trials. In the event of a tie for eighth place, any competitor so tying shall be allowed three additional trials. Where there are eight competitors or fewer, each competitor shall be allowed six trials. (See

NOTE - Tying means, in this connection, achlevmg the same distance: and Rule 146.3 should not therefore be applied.

6.-(0) No device of any kind - e.g. the taping of two or more fingers together - which in anyway assists a competitor when making a throw, shall be allowed. The use of tape on the hand shall not be allowed except in the case of the need to cover an open cut or wound. (b) The use of gloves is not allowed. (e) In order to obtain a better grip, competitors are permitted to use a suitable substance on their hands only. (d) In order to protect the spine from injury, a competitor may wear a belt of leather or some other suitable material. 7.-It is a foul throw if the competitor, after he has st;;uted his throw, touches with any part of his body or limbs the lines demarking, or the ground outside, the runway. 8.-Provided that, in the course of a trial, the foregoing rules have not been infringed, a competitor may interrupt a trial once started, may lay the implement down inside or outside the runway and may leave the runway as required in paragraph 12 before returning to the runway to begin a fresh trial. NOTE. -All the moves permitted by this paragraph shall be included in the maximum time for a trial given in Rule 142.4.

9.-If the javelin breaks during a throw or while in the air, it shall not count as a foul throw, provided the attempt was made in accordance with this Rule. If the competitor thereby loses his balance and contravenes any part of this Rule, it shall not be counted as a foul throw. 1O.-For a valid trial the tip of the javelin must fall completely within the inner edges of the landing sector. 11.-The measurement of each throw shall be made immediately after the throw from the nearest mark made by the head of the javelin to the inside edge of the arc along a line from the mark made by the implement to the centre of the circle of which the arc is a part. 12.-A competitor shall not leave the runway until the javelin has touched the ground. When leaving the runway the first contact with the parallel lines or the ground outside the runway must be completely behind the lines of the arc at right angles to the parallel lines. l3.-Implements must be carried back to the starting line and never thrown back. 14.-Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all hiSl1 throws, including those achieved in deciding a tie for first place. 169

RULES 185, 186

168

RULE 186

The Runway

30m----Âˇ---

I /

/ E /0:

;

------- 20 m-------

15.-The minimum length of the runway shall be 30 metres and the maximum 36.5 metres. Where conditions permit, the minumum length shall be 33.5 metres. It shall be marked by two parallel lines 50mm in width and 4 metres apart. The throw shall be made from behind an arc of a circle dfawn with a radius of 8 metres. The arc shall consist of a strip painted or made of wood or metal 70mm in width. It shall be painted white and shall be flush with the ground. Lines shall be drawn from the extremities of the arc at right angles to the parallel lines marking the runway. These lines shall be 0.75 metres in length and 70mm in width. 16.-The maximum allowance for lateral inclination of the runway shall be 1: 100. l7.-Markers. A competitor may place alongside the runway a marker (supplied or approved by the Organising Committee) to assist him in his run-up and take-off. If such markers are not supplied, he may use adhesive tape but not chalk or similar substance. The Javelin

BÂˇOm \

! ;

;

A --

JAVELIN RUNWAY AND LANDING SECTOR (Not to Scale) RULE 186

170

18.-Constrnction. The javelin shall consist of three parts: a head, a shaft, and a cord grip. The shaft shall be constructed of metal, and shall have fIxed to it a metal head terminating in a sharp point. 19.-The grip, which shall cover the centre of gravity, shall not exceed the diameter of the shaft by more than 8mm. It may have a regular non-slip pattern surface but without thongs, notches or indentations of any kind. The grip shall be of uniform thickness. 20.-The cross-section shall be regularly circular throughout. (See Note 1). The maximum diameter of the shaft shall be immediately in front of the grip. The central portion of the shaft, including the part under the grip, may be cylindrical or slightly tapered towards the rear but in no case may the reduction in diameter, from immediately in front of the grip to immediately behind, exceed 0.25mm. From the grip, the javelin shall taper regularly to the tip at the front and the tail at the rear. The longitudinal profIle from the grip to the front tip and to the tail shall be straight or slightly convex (See Note 2) and there must be no abrupt alteration in the overall diameter, except immediately behind the head and at the front and rear of the grip, throughout the length of the javelin. At the rear of the head, the reduction in the diameter may not exceed 2.5mm and this departure from the longitudinal profIle requirement may not extend more than 300mm behind the head. 171

RULE 186

----------

- - - - -

NOTE. 1- Whilst the cross-section should be circular, a maximum difference between the largest and the smallest diameter of 2% is permitted. The mean value of these two diameters must correspond to the specifications of a circular javelin. NOTE. 2.-The shape of the longitudinal profile may be quickly and easily checked using a metal straight edge at least 500mm long and two feeler guages 0.20mm and 1.25mm thick. For slightly convex sections of the profile, the straight edge will rock while being in firm contact with a short section of the javelin. For straight sections ofthe profile, with the straight edge held firmly against it, it must be impossible to insert the O.20mm gauge between the javelin and the straight edge anywhere over the length of contact. This shall not apply immediately behind the joint between the head and the shaft. At this point it must be impossible to insert the 1.25mm gauge.

21.-The javelin shall conform to the following specifications:

Men

Women

Weight (inclusive of cord grip) Minimum for acceptance of record

800gm

600gm

Range for supply of equipment for competition

805825gm

605620gm

Overall length

Min. Max.

2.60m 2.70m

2.20m 2.30m

Length of metal head

Min. Max.

250mm 330mm

Distance from tip of metal head to centre of gravity

Min. Max.

O.90m l.06m

O.8Orn

Diameter of shaft at thickest point

Min. Max.

25mm 30mm

20rnm 25mm

Width of cord grip

Min. Max.

150mm 160mm

140mm 150mm

RULE 186

172

O.95m

22.-The javelin shall have no mobile parts or other apparatus which during the throw could change its centre of gravity or throwing characteristics. 23.-The tapering of the javelin to the tip of the metal head shall be such that the angle of the point shall be not more than 40 0 â&#x20AC;˘ The diameter, at a point 150mm from the tip, shall not exceed 80010 of the maximum diameter of the shaft. At the midpoint between the centre of gravity and the tip of the metal head, the diameter shall not exceed 90% of the maximum diameter of the shaft. 24.-The tapering of the shaft to the tail at the rear shall be such that the diameter, at the midpoint between the centre of gravity and the tail, shall be not less than 900/0 for men and 70% for women of the maximum diameter of the shaft. At a point 150mm from the tail, the diameter shall not be less than 40% for men and 30% for women of the maximum diameter of the shaft. The diameter of the shaft at the end of the tail shall not be less than 3.5mm. 25.-At competitions under Rule 12.1(a), (b) and (c), only implements pr9vided by the Organisers may be used, and no modification can be made to them during the competition. No competitor shall be permitted to take any implement into the arena. At meetings between two or more Members, competitors may use their own implements, provided these are checked and marked as approved by the Organisers before the competition and made available to all competitors. The Landing Sector

26.-The maximum allowance for the overall inclination of the Landing Sector shall not exceed 1; 1000. 27.-The landing sector shall be marked with white lines 50mm wide such that the lines, if extended, would pass through the two intersections of the arc and the paraIIellines marking the runway (B and C) and the centre of the circle of which the arc is part (A). (See diagram). 28.-A distinctive flag or marker may be provided to mark the best throw of each competitor, in which case, it shall be placed along, and outside, the sector lines. A distinctive flag or marker shall also be provided to mark the existing World Record and, when appropriate, the existing Continental or National Record. 173

RULE 186

J;. In

I..

Ll'l

cl,

a + 0 0

0 a

cl,

Walking

00 COw I al"<tM

+ I alO

e-----:;;;,--....;:.---0

S ..J

..J

...c:lo

Z :::::i w

!Gl E Gl i3

..,><C ....

'ii

CIlClClClClCClClOOCl

j::::

...

..Jr···

Q N

. J.r...

I-

0 :::E .;;

::!

...

.s:. Q,

= c

..J

"t:I

\,i

,c.

ca,

...

. QI

RULE 186

174

2.-Judging (a) The appointed Judges of Race Walking shall elect a Chief Judge:' (b) All the Judges shall act in an individual capacity.

...c:E

I.-Definition of Race Walking. Race Walking is a progression of steps so taken that unbroken contact with the ground is maintained. (a) During the period of each step, the advancing foot of the walker must make contact with the ground before the rear foot leaves the ground. (b) The supporting leg must be straightened (Le. not bent at the knee) for at least one moment when in the vertical upright position.

3.-Warning. Competitors must be warned by any Judge when, by their mode of progression, they are in danger of failing to comply with the definition of race walking. They are not entitled to a second warning from the same Judge for the same offence. Having warned competitor, the Judge must inform the Chief Judge of his action.

WALKING

RULE 191 I

000

C"l

>< 0

';;

o c:

r--

..J

Ll'l

SECTION VI -

I alO

0:>

00 COw

I r--C'l M

00:>

>< Ll'l

E o

Ll'l N

N9 0

><8 Gl

00 CCC'l

.c;Nor-

88 ,...

00 C'lCC

4. -Disqualification. (a) When, in the opinion of three Judges, a competitor's mode of progression fails to comply with the definition of race walking during any part of the competition, the competitor shall be disqualified and informed of his disqualification by the Chief Judge. (b) Normally, a competitor is entitled to a warning before a disqualification is given. (e) In a competition either directly controlled by the LA.A.F. or taking place under LA.A.F. permit, in no circumstances shall two Judges of the same nationality' have the power to disqualify. 175

RULE 191

lll1' t

(d) If it is impractical to inform the competitor of the

disqualification during the race, disqualification must be given immediately after the competitor has finished. (e) A white sign with the symbol of the offence on each side, must be shown to the competitor, when a warning is given. A red sign symbolises the disqualification of the competitor. The latter may only be used by the Chief Judge. (j) In track races, a competitor who is disqualified must immediately leave the track and, in road races, he must, immediately after being disqualified, remove the distinguishing numbers which he is wearing and leave the course.

5.-Sponging/Drinking and Refreshment Stations. (a) Sponging/Drinking Stations: For all walking events of 10 kilometres or more, sponging/drinking water stations may be provided at suitable intervals. (b) Refresh1J1ent Stations: For all walking events longer than 20 kilometres, refreshment stations shall be provided at approximately 5km and, thereafter, at approximately every 5km or every circuit. For track events, the refreshment stations shall be opened for five minutes, at 20 minute intervals. In addition sponging/drinking stations, where water only shall be supplied, shall be placed midway between the refreshment stations. Refreshments, which may be provided either by the Organiser or the athletes, shall be made available at the stations nominated by the competitors. They shall be placed so that they are easily accessible to, or may be put into the hands of, the competitors. A competitor who takes refreshment at a place other than the refreshment stations renders himself liable to disqualification. NOTE.-At international races, a maximum of two officials from each country may be stationed behind the refreshment table. Under no circumstances may an official run beside the athlete, while he is taking refreshments. 6-Courses and Conditions for Walking Events (a) For competitions under Rule 12.1(a), (b) and (c), the circuit for the 20km walk should, if possible, be a maximum of 2,500m. The circuit for the 50km walk should, if possible, be 2,500km with a maximum of 5,000m if held on an "out and back" course. RULE 191

176

(b) The organisers of walking events held on the roads must

ensure the safety of competitors. In competitions under 12.1(a), (b) and (c) the Organisers should, where possIble, ensure that the roads used for the competition will be closed in both directions; i.e. not open to motorised traffic.

(e)

In competitions held under Rule 12.l(a), (b) and (c), the road walking events shall be scheduled to start at a time to ensure that the walkers finish in daylight.

(d)

if to 11 A competitor must retire at once from the so do by a member of the Medical staff offICIally appomted and clearly identified by an armband.

177

RULES 191

SECTION VII -

COMBINED EVENTS COMPETITIONS

RULE 195 MEN (Pentathlon and Decathlon) I.-The Pentathlon consists of five events which shall be held on one day in the following order: long jump; throwing the javelin; 200 metres; throwing the discus; and 1500 metres. 2.-The Decathlon consists of ten events which shall be held on two consecutive days in the following order: First day - 100 metres; long jump; putting the shot; high jump and 400 metres. Second day - 110 metres hurdles; throwing the discus; pole vault; throwing the javelin; and 1500 metres. WOMEN (Heptathlon) 3.-The Heptathlon consists of seven events which shall be held on two consecutive days in the following order: First day - 100 metres hurdles; high jump; putting the shot; 200 metres. Second day - long jump; throwing the javelin; 800 metres. GENERAL 4.-At the discretion of the Referee, there shall, whenever possible, be an interval of at least 30 minutes between the time one event ends and the next event begins, for any individual athlete. If possible, the time between the finish of the last event on the first day and the start of the first event on the second day should be at least 10 hours. 5.-The order of competing may be drawn before each separate event. In the 100 metres, 200 metres, 400 metres, 100 metres hurdles and 110 metres hurdles events, the competitors compete in groups as decided by the Referee, so that preferably five or more competitors and never less than four are in each Group. In the last event of a Combined Events Competition, the heats should be arranged so that one group contains the leading competitors after the penultimate event. With this exception, the heats for the next event may be drawn as, and when, competitors become available from the previous event. The Referee shall have the authority to rearrange any group, if in his opinion, it is desirable. RULE 195

178

6.-The l.A.A.F. Rules for each event constituting the competition will apply with the following exceptions: (a) In the long jump and each of the throwing events, each competitor shall be allowed three trials only. (b) Each competitor's time shall be timed by three timekeepers independently. Alternatively, times may be recorded by a fully automatic electrical timing device. (e) In the running events and the hurdles, a competitor shall be disaqualified in any event in which he has made three false starts. 7.-The scores, according to the current IAAF Scoring Tables, shall be announced, separate for each event and as a cumulative total, to all competitors after the completion of each event. Only one system of timing may be applied throughout each event. However, for record purposes, electrical times shall be applied regardless of whether such times are available for other competitors in the event. S.-The winner shall be the competitor who has obtained the highest total number of points. 9.-In the event of a tie the winner shall be the competitor who, in the greater of has received more points than the other competitor/competitors tying. If this does not resolve the tie, the winner shall be the competitor who has the highest number of points in anyone event. This shall apply to ties for any place in the competition. 1O.-Any athlete failing to attempt to start or make a trial in one of the events shall not be allowed to take part in the subsequent events but shall be considered to have abandoned the competition. He shall not, therefore, figure in the final classification. Any competitor deciding to withdraw from a Combined Events Competition shall immediately inform the Referee of his decision.

179

RULE 195

--------

SECTION VID -

WORLD RECORD EVENTS

RULE 199 Events for which World Records are recognised Fully automatic Electrically Timed performances (E.T.) Hand Timed performances (RT.) Men E.T. only: E.T. or H.T.

lOOm, 200m, 400m, 1l0m Hurdles, 400m Hurdles, 4 x lOOm Relay. 800m, I 000m, I 500m, I Mile, 2 000m, 3 000m, 5 000m,. 10 000m, 20 000m, 1 Hour, 25 000m, 30 000m, 3 000m Steeplechase.

Relays: 4 x 200m, 4 x 4oom, 4 x 800m, 4 x 15OOm. Walking: 20 000m; 2 Hours; 30 000m; 50 000m.

RULE 200 Events for which World Junior Records are recognised Fully automatic electrically timed performances (ET) Hand timed performances (HT) Junior Men lOOm, 200m, 400m, llOrn Hurdles, 400m ET only: Hurdles, 4x lOOm Relay. ET or HT: 800m, 1500m, 5000m, lOOOOm, 2000m and 3000m Steeplechase, 4 x 400rn Relay, lOOOOm Walk, High jump, Pole Vault, Long Jump, Triple Jumps: Jump. Shot Put, Discus, Hammer, Javelin. Throws: Combined Events: Junior Women ET only:

Jumps:

High Jump, Pole Vault, Long Jump, Triple Jump.

ET or HT:

Throws:

Shot Put, Discus, Hammer, Javelin.

Combined Events

Decathlon

Jumps: Throws: Combined Events:

Women E.T. only: E.T. or H.T.:

---

Decathlon. lOOm, 2oom, 400m, lOOm Hurdles, 400m Hurdles, 4x lOOm Relay. 800m, l500m, 3000m, lOOOOm, 4x 400m Relay, 5000m Walk. High Jump, Long Jump. Shot Put, Discus, Javelin. Heptathlon.

lOOm, 2oom, 400m, lOOm Hurdles, 400m Hurdles, 4 x lOOm Relay. 800m, 1 000m, I 500m, I Mile, 2 OOOm, 3 000m, 5 000m, 10 000m, 20 000m, 1 Hour, 25 000m and 30 000m.

Relays: 4 x 200m, 4 x 400m, 4 x 800m. Walking: 5 000m, 10 000m. Jumps:

High Jump, Long Jump.

Throws:

Shot Put, Discus, Javelin.

Combined Events: Heptathlon

RULE 199

180

181

RULE 200

DIVISION IV RULES for MEN'S & WOMEN'S INDOOR INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIONS RULE 201 Applicability of Outdoor Rules to Indoor Competitions The following Rules for outdoor competitions are also applicable . to indoor competitions:Rule Numbers Title

101 102 105 106

107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115

116 117

118 119

120 121 122

123 124

125 126 128 138 140

RULE 201

International Competitions Age Groups International Officials The Duties of the Organisational Delegates The Duties of the Technical Delegates The Duties of the Medical Delegates International Technical Officials International Walking Judges Jury of Appeal Officials of the Meeting The Manager The Secretary The Technical Manager (Clerk of the Course) Referees Judges Umpires (Track Events) Timekeepers The Starter and the Recallers Starter's Assistants Lap Scorers The Recorder The Marshall The Announcer The Official Surveyor The Measurement Judge (Electronics) Entries The Competition - General 182

141 142 143 144

145 146

147

The Competition - Running and Walking Events The Competition - Field Events Assistance to Athletes Doping Measurementsand Weights Ties Protests Video Recording Timing Starting Blocks

151 160 162 paras 9& 10 162 paras The Start and Finish 2-8 & paras 11-13 Walking 191

RULE 237 The Indoor Stadium I.-The stadium shall be completely enclosed and covered. Lighting, heating and ventilation shall be provided to give satisfactory conditions for competition. 2.-The arena should include an oval track; a straight track for sprints and hurdles; runways and landing areas for high jump, pole vault and long/triple jump. In addition, a circle and landing sector for shot put should be provided, either permanently or temporarily. 3.-AlI the tracks, runways or take-off surface areas shall be covered with a synthetic material or have a wooden surface. The former should preferably be able to accept 6mm spikes in running shoes. Alternative thicknesses may be provided by the stadium management who will notify athletes of the permissible length of spikes (See Rule 139.4).

4.-As far as technically possible, each runway shall have a uniform resilience throughout. This must be checked, for the takeoff area for the jumps, before each competition. (See Rules 271.3. 272.3, 273.3 and 274.3).

183

RULES 201,237

RULE 239 Clothing, Shoes and Numbers I.-Except for paragraph 4 (Dimensions of Spikes) all the provisions of Rule 139 shall apply.

Dimensions of Spikes 2.-When a competition is conducted on a synthetic surface, that part of each spike which projects from the sole or the heel must not exceed 6mm (or as required by the Organising Committee). These spikes shall have a maximum diameter of 4mm.

RULE 248 World Indoor Records I.-Except for paragraphs 5(a) (Conditions for outdoor records), 8(a) (Running and Walking Records), 9(b) (Length of Track for Walking), lO(b) (Wind Speed) and 11 (Combined Events) all the provisions of Rule 148 shall apply. 2.-The record must have been made in a stadium which complies with Rule 237-. For races of 200m, and over, the oval track may not have a nominal length of more than 220 yards. 3.-ln a Combined Events competition, the conditions imposed for recognising Records in individual events must have been complied with in each of the events. RULE 250 Official Implements I.-In all international competitions, the implements used must comply with lAAF specifications. 2.-All such implements shall be provided by the organisers of the meeting. Competitors are not allowed to use any other implements, with the exception of vaulting poles, in which case they may use their own, provided these comply with the conditions laid down in the Rules (See Rule 172.21, Vaulting Poles). RULE 257 The Straight Track 1.- The maximum lateral inclination of the track shall not exceed 1: 100 and the inclination in the running direction shall not exceed 1:250 at any point and 1: 1000 overall. RULES 239,248,250, 257

184

Lanes 2.-The Track should have a minimum of 6 and a maximum of 8 lanes separated and bounded on both sides by white lines 50mm wide. The lanes shall all have the same width with a minimum of 1.22m and a maximum of 1.25m including the white line on the right. The lanes shall be numbered with lane 1 on the left hand side when facing the finish line.

The Start and Finish 3.-The start and finish of a race shall each be denoted by a white line 50mm wide at right angles to the lane lines. The distance of a race shall be from the edge of the starting line farther from the finish to the edge of the finish line nearer to the start. 4.-For use with photo-finish equipment, where the lane lines and the finish line cross, the 50mm squares covered by both shall be coloured black. 5.-There should be a clearance of at least 3m behind the start line free of any obstruction. There shall be a clearance of at least lOm beyond the finishing line free of any obstruction with adequate provision beYI:>nd for an athlete to come to a halt without injury. NOTE:- It is strongly recommended that the minimum clearance beyond the finishing line should be 15m.

RULE 258 The Oval Track and Lanes I.-The nominal length should preferably be 200m. It shall consist of two horizontal straights and two bends, which may be banked. The inside of the track shall be bordered either with a kerb of suitable material, approximately 50mm in height and width, or with a white line 50mm wide. The outside edge of this kerb or line forms the inside of lane 1. The inside edge of the line or kerb shall be horizontal throughout the length of the track with a maximum slope of 1:1000.

Lanes 2.-The track should have a minimum of 4 and a maximum of 6 lanes. The lanes should all have the same width with a minimum of 0.9Om and a maximum of 1.1Om including the lane line on the right. The lanes shall be separated by white lines 50mm wide. 3. -The direction of running shall be left hand inside. The lanes shall be numbered with the left hand inside lane numbered 1. 185

RULES 257, 258

Banking 4.-lf the bends are banked, it is recommended that the maximum angle should be not more than 18 0 â&#x20AC;˘ The angle of banking in all the lanes should be the same at any cross section of the track. In order to ease the change from the flat straight to the banked bend, the change may be made with a smooth vertical transition which may be extended up to Srn into the straight. Bends 5.-For a 200m track, it is recommended that the inside radius of the bends should not be less than IIm and not more than 21m. Where possible the radius should be at least l3m. The radius of the bend need not be constant. Marking of the Bend 6.-Where the inside edge of the track is bordered with a white line, it shall be marked additionally with small flags or cones. The flags shall be approximately 250mm x 200mm in size at least 300mm high and set an angle of 120Â° to the track surface. The cones shall be at least 300mm high. The flags or cones should be placed on the track so that the outward face of the flagstaff or the cone coincides with the outward edge of the white line. Measurement of the Oval Track 7.-The length of the inside lane shall be measured (the measurement line) along the surface of the track 300mm outward from the kerb, or 200mm outward from the edge of the white line marking the inside of the track. For the other lanes, the measurement shall be taken on the surface of the track 200mm outward from the edge of the white line marking the outside of the next lane inside. RULE 259 Markings for Start and Finish on the Oval Track I.-Detailed rules cannot be laid down for the marking of the start and finish for every track since the positions will vary with the length of the track in lane 1. Instead, the basic principles to be adopted for any track are laid down together with details for marking a track of nominal length 200.00m. Basic Requirements 2.-The start and finish of a race shall be denoted by white lines 50mm wide, at right angles to the lane lines for straight parts of the RULES 258, 259

186

track and along a radius line for curved parts of the track. The distance of a race shall be measured from the edge of the starting line farther from the finish to the edge of the finish line nearer the start. 3.-The requirements for the finish line are that, if at all possible, there should be only one for all the different lengths of race, that it must be on a straight part of the track and that as much of that straight as possible should pe before the finish. 4.-For use with photo-finish equipment, where the lane lines and the finish line cross, the 50mm squares covered by both shall be coloured black. 5.-The essential requirement for all start lines, straight, staggered or curved, is that the distance for every athlete, when taking the shortest permitted route, shall be the same. 6.-As far as possible, start lines (and take-over lines for relay races) should not be on the sharpest part of bend nor the steepest part of the banking.

Conduct of the Races 7.-For races of 800m or less, each athlete shall have a separate lane at the start: Races of up to, and including, 200m shall be run entirely in lanes. Races over 200m, and less than 8oom, shall start and continue in lanes until the end of the second bend. Races of 800m shall start and continue in lanes until the end of the first bend. There shall be 50mm wide lines (break lines) distinctively marked across all the lanes to indicate when the athletes can break from their lanes. Races over 800m shall be run without lanes using a curved start line. NOTE:- In competitions other than those held under Rule 12, l(a), (b) and (c), the members concerned may reach agreement not to use lanes for the 800m event. The Start Line and the Finish Linefor Track of200m nominal length 8.-The start line in lane 1 should be on the principal straight. Its position shall be determined so that the most advanced staggered start line in the outside lane (400/800m races, see paragraph 10 below) should be in a position where the height of the banking at the outside lane should not be more than O.8m or one half of the maximum height of the banking at the peak of the bend (whichever is '

The finish line for all races on the oval track shall be an extension of the start line in lane 1, right across the track and at right angles to the lane lines. 187

RULE 259

- -

Staggered Start Line jar 200m Race 9.-The position of the start line in lane 1 and the position of the finish line having been established, the position of the start lines in the remaining lanes should be determined by measurement in each lane back from the finish line. Measurement in each lane shall be carried out in exactly the same way as for lane 1 when measuring the length of the track (See Rule 259.7). Having established the position of the start line where it intersects the measurement line 200mm outward from the inside of the lane, the line shall be extended right across the lane, at right angles to the lane lines if on a straight section of the track. If on a curved section of the track, along a radius line through the centre of the bend and if on one of the transition sections (See Rule 259.4) along a radius line through the theoretical centre of curvature at that point. The start line can then be marked in 50mm wide, on the side of the measured position nearer the finish. Staggered Sfr-rt Linesjor Races over 200m, up to and including BOOm. 1O.-As the runners are permitted to leave their respective lanes on entering the straight after running one or two bends in lanes, the starting positions must take two factors into consideration: Firstly, the normal echelon allowance similar to that for a 200m race (See paragraph 5 above). Secondly, an adjustment to the starting point in each lane to compensate for the athletes in outside lanes having faither to go than those in the outside lanes to reach the inside position at the end of the straight after the break line. These adjustments can be determined when marking out the break line, where the athletes are allowed to leave their lanes (See paragraph 11 below). An indication of the sort of distance by which starting lines would have to be advanced is given in that paragraph. Unfortunately, since starting lines are 50mm wide, it is impossible to mark two different starting lines unless the difference in position is in excess of approximately 70mm to allow a clear gap of 20mm between the start lines. Where this problem arises, the solution is to use the rearmost start line. The problem does not arise in lane 1 since, by definition, there is no adjustment for the break line. It arises in the inner lanes (2, 3 say) but not in the outer lanes (5, 6) where the adjustment due to the break line is greater than 7Omm. In those outer lanes where the separation is sufficient, a second starting line can be measured in front of the first one by the required "adjustment" determined from the break line layout. The second starting line can then be marked out in the same way as that for the 200m race. RULE 259

188

-------

- - -

It is the position of this starting line in the outside lane which determines the position of all the starting lines and the finish line on the track. In order to avoid exposing the athlete starting in the outside lane to the very severe disadvantage of starting on a steeply banked track, all the starting lines and hence the finish line are moved sufficiently far back from the first bend so as to restrict the steepness of the banking to an acceptable level. It is, therefore, necessary first to fix the position of the 400m and 800m starting lines in the outside lane and then work back through all the other starting lines, finally arriving at the finishing line. The Break Lines for 400m and BOOm Races 11. -The break line where the athletes may leave their lanes at the end of a bend (or transition section of that bend) may be laid out as follows: (a) Mark out a temporary line right across the track, at right angles to the lane lines at the end of the bend. (b) Mark point X, on this line 200mm (300mm for a track with a kerb) outward from the inside of lane 1. Similarly mark point Xl' X 3 etc for lanes 2, 3 etc. Lastly, mark point Y where the temporary line cuts the line marking the outside of the track. (c) Stretch a cord tightly from this point Y to form a tangent to the measurement line 200mm (300mm for a track with a kerb) outward from the inside of lane 1 beyond the far end of the straight. Mark the point of contact of the tangent Z. (d) With point Z as centre and with radius Z Xl' draw an arc right across the track from the inside of lane 1 to the outside lane. Mark the points where this arc crosses the measurement line in each lane Y z, Y3 etc. Measure the offset X z Y z, X 3 Y 3 etc in each of the lanes (required for paragraph 10 above). (e) With this arc as the edge nearest to the start, mark a line 50mm wide. This is the break line. The ends of the line, outside the running track should be marked with flags. As an indication of the amount of offset to be expected in each lane and the amount by which the staggered start positions for the 400m have to be advanced can be seen with the following table for a track with a radius ZXl , = 50m and the width of each lane is 1.00m. O.09m Lane 4, X4 Y4 . Lane 1 o O.I6Om Lane 2, X z Y z = O.OIOm Lane 5, Xs Ys O.251m Lane 3, X 3 Y3 O.04Om Lane 6, X(; Y6 189

RULE 259 )

fP' !-, Curved Starting Lines for Races over BOOm 12.-The principles for the layout and marking of curved starting lines are very similar to those of the break line in races run partly in lanes (see paragraph 11 above). (a) The length of the race is first measured back from the finish line along the measurement line (300mm or 200mm outward from the inside of the track depending on whether it has a kerb or not). Mark this point A on the measurement line. This is the point where the rear edge of the starting line will begin. (b) Secure (weight or in other ways) a series of pins B, C, D etc. along the 200m (300mm for a track with a kerb) measurement

line beyond the starting point in lane 1. The pins should not be more than Im apart. (c) Secure the end of a length of cord to the surface of the track just beyond the last pin. NOTE:- The latter must be beyond the point where the cord forms a tangent to the measurement line when marking the outside of the start line (see (d) below).

(d) Laying the cord along the surface of the track against the pins B, C, D etc., pull tight and mark the position on the cord of point A. Using this position on the cord and keeping the cord tight, mark the rear of the start line. (e) With this curve as the edge farthest from the finish, mark in a white line 50mm wide right across the track from point A to the outside edge. The line should be extended to the inside edge of the track from point A, at right angles to the lane lines.

RULE 263 Hurdle Races I.-Hurdle races shall be conducted over distances of 50m or 60m on the straight track. 2.-Details of the construction, dimensions and surface of the hurdles are given in Rule 163.2, 3, 4 and 5 for hurdle races outof-doors.

RULES 259, 263

190

3.-Layout of the hurdles for races:Length of race Height of Hurdle Number of hurdles Distances:Starting line to 1st hurdle Separation between hurdles Last hurdle to finishing line

50m I.067m 4

MEN 60m I.067m 5

13.72m 9.14m 8.86m

13.72m 9.14m 9.72m

WOMEN 50m 60m O.84m O.84m 4 5 13.00m 8.5Om 11.50m

13.00m 8.50m 13.00m

4.-Races shall be conducted in accordance with Rule 163.6-9 for hurdle races out-of-doors. RULE 266 Relay Races I.-Except for paragraphs 1 and 2, all the provisions of Rule 166 covering relay races out-of-doors shall apply. Conduct of the Races 2.-ln the 4 x 200m relay race all the first stage and the first bend of the second stage shall be run in lanes. There shall be a 50mm wide line (break line) distinctively marked across all the lanes at this point to indicate where each athlete can break from his lane. (For details of the layout of the break line see Rule 260.11). 3.-ln the 4x4OOm relay race, the first two bends shall be run in lanes. Thus the same break line', scratch lines etc. will be used as for the individual 400m race. 4.-ln the 4x 800m relay race, the first bend shall be run in lanes. I1 Thus the same break line, scratch lines etc. will be used as for the individual 800m race. 5.-ln races where runners are permitted to leave their respective lanes on entering the straight after running two or three bends in lanes, the layout for the echelon start is described in Rule 260.10. NOTE:-Owing to the narrow lanes, indoor relay races are much more liable to collisions and unintended obstruction than outdoor relay races. It is, therefore, recommended that, when possible, a spare lane should be left between each tf!am. Thus lanes 1, 3 and 5 would be used and lanes 2, 4 and 6 left unoccupied. RULE 271 High Jump L-Except for paragraphs 11-13 (the Runway and Take-off

Area), all the provisions of Rule 171 covering the high jump out-ofdoors shall apply. 191

RULES 263, 266, 271

The Runway and Take-Off Area 2.-The minimum length shall be ISm except in competitions held under Rule I2.I(a), (b) and (c), where the minimum shall be 20m. 3.-The take-off area must be level with a maximum overall slope (up or down) of I :250. If portable mats are used, all references in the Rules to the level of the take-off area must be construed as referring to the level of the top surface of the mat. The foundation on which the surface of the take-off area is laid must either be solid or, if of suspended construction (such as wooden board mounted on joists), without any special sprung sections. 4.-The runway, outside the take-off area, must be level and unsprung in exactly the same way as the take-off area. However, the athlete may start his approach on the banking of the oval track provided that the last Srn of his run-up is on the level runway. RULE 272 Pole Vault I.-Except for paragraph 14 (the Runway), all provisions of Rule 172 covering the pole vault out-of-doors shall apply. The Runway 2.-The runway shall have a width of I.22-I.25m and should be clearly marked. 3.-The foundation on which the surface of the runway is laid must either be solid or, if of suspended construction (such as wooden boards mounted on joists) without any special sprung sections. 4.-The minimum length shall be 40m and, where conditions permit, 45m. The athlete may start his approach on the banking of the oval track provided that the last 40m is on the level runway. RULE 273 Long Jump I.-Except for pargraphs 8 (the Runway), and 13 (Take-off Board) all the provisions of Rule 173 covering the Long Jump outof-doors shall apply. The Runway 2.-The runway shall have a width of I.22-I.25m and should be clearly marked. . 3.-The foundation on which the surface of the runway is laid must either be solid or, if of suspended construction (such as wooden boards mounted on joists) without any special sprung sections. RULES 271, 272, 273

192

4.-The minImum length shall be 40m and, where conditions permit, 45m. The athlete may start his approach on the banking of the oval track provided that the last 40m is on the level runway.

Take-off Board 5.-The take-off board should be not less than 3m from the nearer end of the landing area. RULE 274 Triple Jump I.-With the following exceptions, Rule 174 shall apply to the Triple Jump indoors:-

The Runway 2.-The runway shall have a width of I.22-I.25m and should be clearly marked. 3.-The foundation on which the surface of the runway is laid must either be solid or, if of supsended construction (such as wooden boards mounted on joists) without any special sprung sections. 4. -The minimum length of the runway before the take-off board shall be 40m and, where conditions permit, 45m. The athlete may start his approach on the banking of the oval track provided that the last 40m is on the level runway. Take-off Board 5. -The take-off board shall be not less than Bm from the nearer end of the landing area. RULE 281 Shot Put I.-Except for paragraphs 23 and 25 (shot landing sector), 20 and 21 (construction of the shot), all the provisions of Rule 181, covering the shot put out-of-doors shall apply.

Shot Landing Sector 2.-The landing sector shall consist of some suitable material on which the shot will make an imprint, but which will minimise any bounce. 193

RULES 273, 274, 281

3.-The landing sector shall be surrounded at the far end and on the two sides, as close to the circle as may be necessary for safety of the other athletes and officials, with a stop barrier which is reasonably certain to arrest a shot whether in flight or bouncing from the landing surface. 4.-ln view of the limited space inside an indoor arena, the area enclosed by the stop barrier (See paragraph 3 above) may not be large enough to include a full 40° sector. The following conditions shall apply to any such restriction. (i) The stop barrier at the far end shall be at least 0.5m beyond the current world shot put record for men or women. (ii) the sector lines on either side must be symmetrical about the centre line of the 40° sector. (iii) The sector lines at the sides where they do not form part of the

40° sector may either run radially from the centre of the shot put circle in the same way as the 40° sector lines, or may be parallel to each other and the centre line of the 40° circle. Where the sector lines are parallel, the minimum separation of the two sector lines shall be 9.Om.

SHOT Minimum weight for acceptance of a record Range for supply of equipment for competition Diameter Minimum Diameter Maximum

MEN 7.260kg

WOMEN 4.000kg

7.265kg -7.285kg

4.005kg -4.025kg

IlOmm 145mm

95mm l30mm

RULE 295 Combined Events Competitions I.-Except for paragraphs 1 and 2, Men (Pentathlon and Decathlon); 3, Women (Heptathlon); all the provisions of Rule 195 covering Combined Events Competitions out-of-doors shall apply.

Men (Octathlon) 2.-The Octathlon consists of eight events which shall be held over two consecutive days in the following order: First Day - 6Om; shot put; high jump; 400m. Second Day - Long jump; 60m hurdles; pole vault; lOOOrn.

Construction of the Shot 5.-Depending on the type of landing area (See paragraph 3 above) the shot shall be either solid metal or metal cased or alternatively soft plastic or rubber cased with a suitable filling. Both types of shot may not be used in the same competition.

Women (Pentathlon) 3.-The Pentathlon consists of five events and shall be held on one day in the following order:60m hurdles; high jump; shot put; long jump; 800m.

Solid Metal or Metal Cased Shot 6.-These shall comply with Rule 181 paragraphs 20 and 21, for the shot put out-of-doors.

Order of Competing 4.-The order of competing may be drawn before each separate event. In the 6Om, 400m and 60m hurdle events, the competitors compete in groups as decided by the referee, so that preferably five or more competitors and never less than three are in each group.

Plastic or Rubber Cased Shot 7.-The shot shall have a soft plastic or rubber case with a suitable filling such that no damage shall be caused when landing on a normal sports hall floor. It shall be spherical in shape and the surface must be smooth. The shot shall conform to the following specifications:RULE 281

194

In the last event of a Gombined Events Competition, the heats should be arranged so that one group contains the leading competitors after the penultimate event. With this exception, the heats for the next event may be drawn as, and when, competitors become available from the previous event. The referee shall have the authority to rearrange any group if, in his opinion, it is desirable. 195

RULES 281, 295

---

-------

RULE 299 Events for which World Indoor Records are recognised Fully automatic electrically timed performances (ET) Hand timed performances (HT) Men ET only: 5Om, 6Om, 2oom, 400m, 50m Hurdles, 60m Hurdles. ET or HT: 1 mile, 3000m, 5000m, 800m, 1OOOm, 5000m Walk, 4x 200m Relay, 4x 400m Relay, 4 x 800m Relay. High Jump, Pole Vault, Long Jump. Triple Jumps: Jump. Shot Put. Throws: Combined Events: Octathlon. Women ET only ET or HT:

Jumps: Throws: Combined Events:

5Om, 6Om, 200m, 400m, 50m hurdles, 60m Hurdles. '800m, 1OOOm, 1500m, 1 mile, 3000m, 5000m, 3000m Walk, 4 x zOOm Relay, 4 x 400m Relay, 4 x 800m Relay. High Jump, Long Jump. Shot Put. Pentathlon.

LIST OF LA.A.F. RULES DIVISION 11 Rule I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 51 52 53 54

Page

Definitions The LA.A.F. Objects Membership Council Continental Areas Congress Committees Languages Alterations to Rules Suspensions & Other Sanctions International Meetings Competition Abroad Competitors' Qualifications World. Area and Group Championships Expenses Provision of Equipment and Services Subventions to assist Athletes Athletic Funds Advertising within the Arena Arbitration Panel Authority for Rules Definition of Amateur Restriction of competition to Amateurs Ineligibility for International and Domestic Competition Guarantee by National Governing Body

DIVISION III Rule 101 General 102 Age Groups

80 80

Section I - Officials 105 International Officials 106 Organisational Delegates 107 Technical Delegates 108 Medical Delegates 109 International Technical Officials 110 International Walking Judges III Jury of Appeal 112 Officials of the Meeting 113 The Manager 114 The Secretary 115 The Technical Manager 116 Referees 117 Judges 118 Umpires (Track Events) 119 Timekeepers 120 Starter and Recallers 121 Starters' Assistants 122 Lap Scorers

80 81 81 82 82 83 83 83 85 85 85 85 86 87 87 88 89 89

49 51 52 55 56 56 58 61

67 67 68 68 70 72 76 77 77 77

RULE 299

196

Page

42 43 43

197

123 124 125 126 127 128

The Recorder The Marshal The Announcer The Official Surveyor The Wind Gauge Operator The Measurement Judge (Electronics)

90 90 90 90

91 91

Rule Pal:e Section 11 - General Rules 138 Entries 92 139 Clothing, Shoes and Numbers 93 140 The Competition - General 94 141 The Competiton - Running & Walking Events 95 142 The Competition - Field Events 98 143 Assistance to Athletes 99 144 Doping 100 145 Measurements and Weights 104 104 146 Ties 147 Protests 106 148 World Records 107 III 149 Wind Measurements 150 Official Implements 112 151 Video Recording 112

Section III - Running Events 160 Timing 161 Track and Lanes 162 The Start and the Finish 163 Hurdle Races 164 Steeplechase 165 Road Races 166 Relay Races 167 Cross Country Races

I13 115 119 122 126 128 130 131

Section IV Jumping E"ents 171 High Jump 172 Pole Vault 173 Long Jump 174 Triple Jump

135 138 143 147

Section V - Throwing E"ents 181 Putting the Shot 182 Throwing the Discus 183 Discus Cage 184 Throwing the Hammer 185 Hammer Cage 186 Throwing the Javelin

148 152 157 159 165 168

198

Rule Section VI - Walking Events 191 Walking

Pal:e

NOTES

175

Section VII - Combined Competitions 195 Combined Events Competitions 178 Sel;tion VIII - World Record Events 199 World Record Events 180 200 World Junior Record Events 181 Division IV - Indoor International Competitions 201 General 237 The Indoor Stadium 239 Clothing, Shoes and Numbers 248 World Indoor Records 250 Official Implements 257 The Straight Track 258 The Oval Track and Lanes 259 Markings 263 Hurdle Races 266 Relay Races 271 High Jump 272 Pole Vault 273 Long Jump 274 Triple Jump 281 Shot Put 295 Combined Events Competitions 299 World Indoor Record Events

182 183 184 184 184 184 185 186 190 191 191 192 192 193 193 195 196

199

NOTES

Printed in England by Marshallarts Print Services, HufTwood Trading Estate, Partridge Green, West Sussex.

NOTES

196