IAAF HandBook 1973/74 by The Marshal

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I.A.A.F. PUBLICATIONS I.A.A.F. Handbook 1973/74 (English) Price 50p

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I.A.A.F. l}ulIetin (3 copies per year in English and French) Subscription 50p I.A.A.F. Scoring Tables for Men's Track and Field Events. Price 50p I.A.A.F. Scoring Tables for Women's Track and Fields Events. (1971 edition) Price 30p I.A.AF. Progressive World Record Lists-1913-1972 (60p) Metric Conversion Tables International Edition Standard Edition Pocket Edition

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All prices include handling and surface mail postage costs Discount rates: 10 copies or more-IO% 50 copies or more-20% Copies of the above publications can be obtained from the INTERNATIONAL AMATEUR ATHLETIC FEDERAilON 162 UPPER RICHMOND ROAD, PUTNEY, LONDON, S.W.15

This Handbook is copyright and no part may be reproduced without the permission of the Council of the International Amateur Athletic Federation

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INTERNATIONAL AMATEUR ATIlLETIC FEDERATION FOUNDED in 1912 OFFICIAL HANDBOOK 1973/74

Address: Cables: Telephone:

162, Upper Richmond Road, Putney, London. SW15 2SL. "Marathon," London, S.W.l5. 01-789 3853

President: THE MARQUESS OF EXETER. Honorary Life Vice-Presidents: Bo EKELUND D. T. P. PAIN Honorary Secretary-Treasurer: F. W. HOLPER Executive Director: ]. B. HOLT '.

2 CONTENTS

FOREWORD Rules

Page

DIVISIm;, f

Foreword The Federation

4 9 15 16

History .., Officers, Council, Committet:s . Panel oflnternational Walkmg Judges ... Medical Committee, Veterans List of Members

DIVISION

Constitution of I;A.A.F. Eligibility and AmateGr Status DIVISION

1-16 51--54

36 59

III

International Competitions

General Section I 11 " III " IV " V " VI "" VII

" vm

DIVISION

Officials Competition Rules (General) Running Events... Jumping Events Throwing Events Walking Events ... Pentathlon-Decathlon Specifications for Official Implements and Apparatus

rol

111-126 141-149 161-168 171-175 181-185 191-192 195

62 62 73

114

120 126 129

201-216

13]

381

153 155 162

Statistics

List of Events for which World Records are recognised ... ... World Track and Field Records Olympic Games Records ... World Championships Munich INDEX

164

167

It is my pleasant task to present to you the official Handbook of the Inte.mational Amateur Athletic Federation for 1973/74. Once again I am able to report steady progress and we now have 144 affiliated Members. During the past year a number of major athletic events have taken place all over the world, but of course the outstanding one was our World Championships at the Olympic Games. A record number of competitors from 104 Members took part, and once again there was an even higher standard of performance than the previous Games. I feel that I must report that there has been continuing political pressure in certain directions and I must emphasise again that it is absolutely essential to our future that we should stand firm in refusing to allow our sport to be used as a political weapon. It is not for us to comment on the politics of any of our Members' Governments, our responsibility is for world amateur athletics and to our Members who develop and control it in their own lands. During the past year, we have lost three outstanding friends by the deaths of Mr E. J. H. (Billy) Holt, (Great Britain), our Honorary Secretary from 1946 to 1952 and one of our three Honorary life Vice-Presidents, of Mr Pasquale Stassano (Italy), an I.A.A.F. Veteran and also a member of the European Council, and of Mr Edouard Hermes (Belgium), Chairman of our Cross Country Committee for many years up to the last elections in Munich. They gave devoted service to our movement and we send our sincere sympathy to their families. I referred in the last edition to the retirement of Mr Donald Pain who, as Honorary Secretary, had done such valuable work for 17 years for the Federation and to the appointment of Mr Frederick Holder. Mr

Holder has indeed proved to us over the last years whal, an outstanding figure and administrator hI; is. Our Director, Mr John Holt, has done splendid work during the year in many directions, and in particular in editing our Bulletin. I must express too our gratitude to Mrs Fernandez for all that she does for us in the I.A.A.F. Bureau. The future for Athletics in the world is indeed bright. There will be many challenging problems on the road, but with the dedicated enthusiasm of our Members I have no doubt all will be overcome. EXETER, President. January, 1973 162 Upper Richmond Road, ; Putney, London, SW15 2SL.

HISTORY

On 17th July, 1912, representatives from the athletic associations of Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Norway, RUSSia and United States of America met in Stockholm to discuss the possibility of forming an International governing body for athletics, the need for apparent owing to the development ID mternatlonal contests and the Olympic Games. A universal code of rules and regulations and a common amateur definition acceptable throughout the world had become essential, as well as an authentic register of World and Olympic records.

Under the patronage of H.R.H. The Crown Prince of Sweden, a provisional committee was formed comprising Messrs. J. Sigfrid Edstrom (Sweden) as President, Kristian HelIstrom (Sweden) as Honorary Secretary, Carl Diem (Germany), P. L. Fisher (Gt. Britain), Pierre Ray (France), S. Stankovits (Hungary), and J ames E. SuIlivan (United States of America). Following their deliberations, the inaugural meeting of the I.A.A.F. took place in the Preusches Abgeordnetenhaus, Berlin, on the 20'th-23rd August, 1913, when the following countries were represented: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Norway, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and United States of America. The first officers and members of the Council to be elected were: President, Mr. J. Sigfrid Edstrom; Hon. Secretary-Treasurer, Mr. Kristian Hellstrom; Members of Council, Messrs. C. Diem (Germany), P. L. Fisher (United Kingdom), F. Reichel (France), S. Stankovits (Hungary), J. E. Sullivan (U.S.A.). Since those early days, much has been accomplished, and without question, the control exercised by the Federation during its 60 years of existence has been essential and of great benefit to the sport. The steady growth of the Federation in the years up to 1950 accelerated in the next two decades, and, by the end of 1972, Member countries in affiliation numbered 144. In many of the countries recently affiliated, athletics is still in an early stage of development, and every effort is being made to promote its growth. A notable development on the international front has been the spread of Continental and Regional Games and Championships, which are of conside,rable value in assessing overall progress and in providing an incentive to all countries within the group. The LA.A.F. is able to give assistance and technical advice to the organisers of these championships, and, in particular, an official representative is appointed by Council to attend and help where necessary.

6 With ever increasing activity throughout the World., decentralisation has become necessary. and 1970 saw the official birth of the Association of European Members of the I.A.A.F. (E.A.A.). The original primary function of the former European Committee. which was to control the staging of European Championships. has now been much expanded, and the lar staging of Indoor championships. Junior champIOnships. the European Cup. the European Pentathl(;)ll and Decathlon Cup and, whenever possible. Inter-contment3:1 matches ensures that the newly elected E.A.A. CouncIl has a wmprehensive athletic programme for the future as a permanent item on its agenda. The sphere of women's athletics has, during the last few years. seen the successful introduction of the 100 m and 200 m hurdle distances, the 4 x 400 m Relay as well as the logical change to four runners in the 4 x. 800 m Relay. Now the 3000 metres joins these events, although this event will not be recognized for World Record purposes until it is more practised. The points table in use for the women's Pentathlon and other events was reviewed in 1970 and new tables for the 400 m 1500 m. and 200 m Hurdles were provided, in addition to the re-evaluation of existing table.s. The new Tables covering all events came into force III 1911. A new edition of the 1962 Men's Tables was introduced in 1972. incorporating the IntermedIate Tables to 1/100 sec. At the XXVllI I.A.A.F. Congress it:l Munich, there were over 70 changes in the Technical rules approved. following the two circulated in May and August by the Techmcal CommIttee. Sponsorship in the context of amateur athletics is always a subject of. considerable interest. and the specimen contract proVIded by the. LA.A.F. Members can adopt has pr?ved to be m the best mterests ?f both National FederatIOns and manufacturers of athletIc equipment. Once again in Munich. re9uested the formation of an Amateur Committee and In 1973 this will be formed. Among its first tasks will be to

7 study the recommendations on the eligibility question to emerge from the Vama meeting of the IQ.C. An important aspect of the I.A.A.F's work has always been the production of a biennial Handbook in English and French. In addition the last three years have seen the introduction of a regular Bulletin to provide a source of reference to Members for championship res.ults, new rule changes and items of current interest. The third edition of the "lA.A.F. Progressive World Record Lists" appeared in 1970. it is worth noting here that members of the ASSOCIatIOn of Track and Field Statisticians (A.T.F.S.) co-operated on this production, underthe ever increasing role of statistics in sport today. the beginning of every year a supplement to the book is published ensuring it is always up to date. Finally in the past year. the lA.A.F. Walking Committee has produced an excellent booklet entitled "Guidance to Walking Judges" which has been welcomed by Judges and walkers alike. In the field of coaching, an important meeting was held in Munich between the lA.A.F. CouIicil and representatives of the IT.F.C.A., the International Coaching body, to discuss the co-ordination of future coaching activity and to examine different methods of coaching aid which the lA.A.F. may be able to offer now that increased funds are available. This, linked with the ever increasing athletic activity organised in all continents by I.AA.F. Members, underlines the constant aim of the Federation-to establish closer links between itself and national governing bodies, and to inclease theÂˇ liaison between athletic leaders in all parts of the world for the benefit of the sport.

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I.A.A.F. COUNCIL

COUNCIL The Marquess of President, lA.A.F., 162 Upper Richmond Road, Putney, London, SW15 2SL. F. W. Holder, Honorary Secretary-Treasurer, I.A.A.F., J62 Upper Richmond Road, Putney, London, SW15 2SL. lord Exeter

L. Khomenkcv

A. PaiJlen

f. W. Holder S. Umrao

H. Agabani

G. Wieczisk

R. Dubief M. Danz

P. Nebio!o

J. Sir

J. da Cena

J. Lindahl

*H. M. Agabani, P.O. Box 1525. Khartoum. Sudan. *J. C. da Costa, Av. N.S. Copacabana 380, Apt. 1102. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. M. Danz.Ochsenallee 1/2, Kassel, Germany. Dubief, Federation 10 rue du Faubourg Poissonniere, 75.010 Paris, France. *D. J. Ferris, Amateur Athletic Union of the U.S.A., Room 2405,444 Madison Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10022, U.S.A. *A. J. Hodsdon. Amateur Athletic Union of Australia. 41 Carlingford Road, Epping, N.S.W. 2121, Australia. L. Khomenkov, The Light Athletic Federation of the U.S.S.R., Skatertny pereulok 4, Moscow 69, U.S.S.R. J. Lindahl, Rorstrandsgatan 13 11340 Stockholm. Sweden. P. Nebiolo, Corso Mediterraneo 140, 1 10129 Torino, Italy. *A. Paulen, 129 Akerstraat Noord, Treebeek, The Netherlands. *S. Umrao Singh. Ministry of Education. Punjab. Kothi No. 43, Sector 11, Chandigarh, India. J. Sir, Kekgolyo u.4. Budapest xn, Hungary. G. Wieczisk, Deutscher Verband fUr Leichtathletik der DDR, 1055 Berlin, Storkower Strasse 118, G.D.R. "'Area Group Representative.

TECHNICAL COMMIlTEE P. Sober, Chairman, 2411 Webb Avenue, Apt. 5D, Bronx, New York, N.Y. 10468. U.S.A. F. W. Holder, Honorary Secretary, lA.A.F., 162 Upper Richmond Road. Putney. London, SW15 2SL.

H. M. Abrahams. 42 Orpington Road, London, N21 3PG. England. P. Dasriaux. Federation d'AthU:tisme, 10 rue du Faubollrg Poissonniere, 75.010 Paris, France.

J. W. Davies, 3449 Vendome Avenue, Montreal 260. Quebec, Canada.

W. Gerutto. ut Walecznych 36 a

Warsaw, Poland.

L. JaB, 8 M;unich 19. Schluderstr. 32, Germany. A. Jorbeck, Erik Sandbergsgatan 17. Solna, Sweden. O. Massimi, Regina Margherita 111, Rome. Italy.

C. Moreno, Fausto Nieto 9, Mexico 17 D.F., Mexico.

M. Oda, 26-12 Kamiyama-cho, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150, Japan.

J. Pardivala, 22 Tardeo Apartments. 245 Tatdeo Road..

11 WOMEN'S COMMITTEE Miss M. Hartman, Chairman, 5 Greener Court, Lower Downs Road, London, S.W.19. J. Moerman. Honorary Secretary, Brinkstraat 53 bv., Amsterdam-O. Netherlands. Mrs. I. Bechthold, 6000 Frankfurt/Maill, Cretzschmarstrasse 15, Germany. N. Carlius, St. Pedersgatar. 11, Halsinborg, Sweden. E. Dudzinski. VI Bzeznicza 14m. 59, Krakow, Poland. Mme. E. Gorchakova, The Light Athletic Federation of the V.S.S.R., Skatertnyi pereulok 4. Moscow 69, V.S.S.R. I. K. Hume, R.R.l., Melbourne, Quebec, Canada. Or. Nell J ackson, 2317 Glenoak Drive, Champaign. Illinois 61820, V.S.A. Mrs. L. Leveleki, Budapest, 11 Varsanyi Judr. 2. Hungary. Mrs. D. I. Magee, 26 French Street, Marouba, N.S.W. 2035, Australia. P. Schmoll, Federation 10 rue du Faubourg Poissonniere, 75.010 Paris, France.

Bombay 7, India.

A. Paulen, 129 Akerstraat Noord, Treebeek, The Netherlands. V. Rodichenko, The Light Athletic Federation of the U.S.S.R., Skatertny pereulok, 4, Moscow 69, U.S.S.R.

E. Rase, Rolighedesvej 22. 1958 Copenhagen V, Denmark.

E. Schober, Deutscher Verband fUr Leichtathletik der DDR, 1055 Berlin, Storkower Strasse U8. G.D.R.

J. Varis, Suomen UrheiluIiitto ry, Box 25202 Helsinki 25. Finland.

CROSS COUNTRY COMMITTEE E. Dec1erck Chairman, Residentie Floralia, Kortrijksesteenweg 263, 9000 Gent, Belgium. F W. Holder, Honorary Secretary l.A.A.F., 162 Upper Richmond Road, Putney, London, SWI5 2SL. L. J. Cohen. 34 Lower Kcnwood Avenue, Enfield, England. (i. L. N. Dunn. "Woudlin", 5 Granta Terrace, Stapleford, Cambridge, England. M. Lahrizi. Federation Royale Marocaine Maison des Sports, Pare de la Ligue Arabe, Casablanca. Morocco.

12 V. Maltopol, Federatia Romina de AtIetism, Str. Conta No: 16, Bucharest, R u m a n i a . ' G; Mastropasqua, Via Amedeo D'Aosta 8, Milano, Italy. d'Athletisme, 10 rue du H. Meley, F&:Ieration Faubourg Poissonniere, 75.010 Paris, France. A. O. MelviIIe, 8 Burn Street, Wellington, New Zealand. R. Puignau, Zabaleta, 54.7Â°, San Sebastian, Spain. A. Scandurra, 22 Monett Place, Greenlawn, New York 11740, U.S.A. E. SpiIIane, 216 Sutton Park, Sutton, Co. Dublin, Eire.

WALKING COMMITTEE P. Lassen,. Chairman, Dansk Gangforbund, Vester Voldgade 11, 1552 Copenhagen V, Denmark. F. W. Holder, Honorary Secretary lA.A.F., 162 Upper Richmond Road, Putney, London, SW15 2SL. F. Eriksson, Svenska GangfOrbundet, Grevgatan 23, Stockholm, Sweden. B. Fehervari, Bokanvi Dezsoutca 3, Budapest VI, Hungary. G. Frister, Deutscher Verband flir Leichtathletik der DDR., 1055 Berlin, Storkower Strasse 118, G.D.R. A. Fruktov, The Light Athletic Federation of the U.S.S.R., Skatertny pereulok 4, Moscow 69, U.S.S.R. A. Libotte, Viganello, Lugano,SwitzerIand. S. Nishida, 877 Shimoda-Cho, Yokohama 222, Japan. G. Oberweger, Viale Pinturicchio 34, Rome, Italy. F. Pryor, 84 Ardrossan Gardens, Worcester Park, Surrey, England. H. Stahl, Ziegenhainer Strasse 12, 6 Frankfurt, Germany. J. Tigerman, 6823 North Hamilton Avenue Chicago, Ill. 60645, D.S.A. '

COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN ATIlIEDC ASSOCIATION (Association of Europeap. Members of The I.A.A.F.). A. Paulen, President, 129 Akerstraat Noord, Treebeek, The Netherlands. L. Khomenkov, Vice-President, Light Athletic Federation of the U.S.S.R., Skatertnyi pereulok 4, Moscow 69, U.S.S.R. P. Dasriaux, Honorary Secretary, F&:Ieration 10 rue du Faubourg Poissonniere, Paris 75010, France. R. Dubief, Honorary Treasu1'er, Federation d'Athletisme, 10 rue du Faubourg Poissonniere, Paris 75010, France. M. Danz, Ochsenallee 1/2, Kassel, Germany. J. Frauenlob, 110 chemin de la Montagne, 1224 CheI1eBougeries, Geneva, Switzerland. W. Gerutto, ul. Walecznych 36 a m 4, Warsaw, Poland. A. A. Gold, 49 Friern Mount Drive, Whetstone, London, N.20, England. J. M. de Hoz Bravo, Real Federaci6n Espanola de Atletismo, CalIe Miguel Angel 16-1 Â° dcha, Madrid (l0), Spain. E. Rose, Rolighedsvej 22, Copenhagen V. Denmark. J. Sir, Kekgolyo u.4. Budapest XII, Hungary. A. Takac, c/o Le Comite Organisateur, Jeux de la XXI Olympiade, c.P. 1976, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. T. Todorov, Bulgarian Athletic Federation, 18 Tolboukhine Bd, Sofia, Bulgaria. A. Valste, Suomen Urheilulitto ry, Box 25202, Helsinki, 25, Finland. G. Wieczisk, Deutscher Verband flir Leichtathletik der D.D.R., 1055 Berlin, Storkower Strasse 118, G.D.R. The President and Honorary Secretary-Treasurer of the LA.A.F. are ex-officio members of the E.A.A. Council.

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14 OF THE I.A.A.F. OCEANIA GROUP A.J. Hodsdon, Chairman. 41 Carlingford Road, Epping, N.S.W. 2121, Australia. G.B. Stringer, Honorary Secretary - Treasurer, "Sunnybridge", Wellington Road, Mulgrave, Victoria 3170. Australia. C.A. Blazey, cIa G.P.O. Box 741. Wellington 1, New Zealand. J. Dunn, P.O. Box 1350, Lae, Papua- New Guinea. O. Malamala, c/o Box 1175, Suva, Fiji.

MEDICAL COMMITI'EE Dr. M. Danz, Chainncm, Ochsenallee 1/2, Kassel, Germany. Dr. R. Andrivet, I.N.S., 11 aye. du Tremblay, Paris 12e, France. Dr. W. Areno, Rua Goncalves Crespo 438, Rio de Janeiro, ZC-IO. Brazil. Prof. A. H. Beckett, clo Chelsea Cotlege of Science and Technology, Manresa Road, London, S.W.3. Dr. A. Bilik. c/o Warsaw 1, ut. Foksal 19. Poland. Dr. D. F. Hanley. Committee for Medical & Training Services, United States Olympic Committee, Bowdoin College, Brunswick. Maine 04011, D.S.A. Dr. M. Hoppner, 1055 Berlin, Storkower Strasse ll8, G.D.R. Dr. K. G. Korsah. Ghana Medical School. Accra. Ghana. Prof. Dr. L. Prokop, 1090 Vienna, Kolingasse 6/34, Austria. Prof. Dr. J. M. Van Rossum, Kapittelweg 40. Nijrnegen. The Netherlands. Dr. G. Worobiew, Ska.tertnyi pereulok 4. Moscow 69, U.S.S.R.

PANEL OF INTERNADONAL WALKING JUDGES Australia G. ROsenov D. M. Keane H. Waterling J. A. Larkin M. Weber P. S. McCavanagh G.B. & N.I. .T. S. MacDougall W. F. Amer W. Batson V. B. Sharp Bulgaria W. Bell D. Marinov F. Clay V. Vladimirov J. Hackwood B. G. Yanev W. J. Harris Canada F. Jarvis H. Cieman S. Pryor E. Staker A. Keay Czechoslovakia H. H. Whitlock F. Horsky Hungary V. Klempir P. Bacsalmasi B. Klir B. Fehervari F. Mikes S. Lazlo L. Majzik H. Sulak J. Svoboda F. Simek Z. Trefny L. Vaczi F. Voboril India Denmark L. R. Khanna P. Lassen Italy Egypt A. Bollini W. S. A. Rahman A. Callegari Flnland L. Favati H. W. Hyytiainen C. Gherzi France G.Oberweger J. Chartier F Porta J. Dahm Japan R. Gamier K. Narita F. J enevein N. Tsuda Germany Netherlands R. Kruger A. F. C. Toscani A. A. Schnabel Norway P. Baamaas H. Stahl G.D.R. A. Fuglum G. Frister H. Persson

Panama F .A. Rojas PolaDd R. Markowski F. Szyszka

Rumania

I. Paraschivescu Sweden S. Bjorklund R. Carlson H. Ekenmyr F. Eriksson A. Kallenheim B. Ohren A. Thureson C. Widen Switzerland R. Crausaz V. Daguet A. Libotte L. Marquis

U.S.s.R.

A. Fruktov A. Issurin N. Kalinin A. Mikhailov F. Rennel P. Stepanenko M. Tomalin U.s.A. W. H. Chisholm P. Jachelski H . H . La sk au B. Macdonald H. Rappaport M. B. R05enstein W . H . R oss C. R. SiIcock r. B. Tigerman

VETERANS OF TIlE I.A.A.F. Harold M. Abrahams. (G.B. & N.I.). Hassan Agabani (Sudan). H.M. The King of Sweden The Marquess of Exeter, (G.B. & N.!.). Hanji Aoki (Japan). Kinichi Asano (Japan). Robert Atlasz (Israel). Harold I. Austad (New Zealand). Karl Beuermann (Germany). EmU Bosak (Czechoslovakia). Avery Brundage (V.S.A.). Emile Clemme (Belgium). Ernest H. L. Clynes (G.B. & N.I.). lotio C. da Costa (Brazil). Max Danz (Germany). Pierre Dasriaux (France). Jack W. Davies (Canada). Roger Dubief (France). Bo Ekelund (Sweden). Daniel J. Ferris (V.S.A.). Pedro Galvez (Peru). Arthur Gold (G.B. & N.I.). Giovanni Guabello (Italy). Miss Marea Hartman (G.B. & N.L). Arthur J. Hodsdon (Australia). Frederick W. Holder (G.B. & N.I.) Ludwig JaIl (Germany). Axel Jorbeck (Sweden). Nicolai Kalinin (V.S.S.R.). Willy Kanturek (Czechoslovakia). Hiromu Kasuga (Japan). U. Kekkonen (Finland). Leonid Khomenkov (U.S.S.R.). Karel Knenicky (Czechoslovakia). Stan G. Leeder (New Zealand). Jukka Lehtinen (Finland). Armando Libotte (Switzerland). Jacob Lindahl (Sweden). Bo Lindman (Sweden).

Mrs. Doris Magee Dino Nai (Italy). George Oberweger (Italy). Donald T. P. Pain (G.B. & N.I.). Jal Pardivala (India). . Adrian Paulen (Netherlands). Lauri Pihkala (Finland). Mme. Z. Romanova (U.S.S.R.). Emanuel Rose (Denmark). Erhard Schoeber (G.D.R.). Jean R. Seurin (France). Joseph Sir (Hungary). Pincus Sober (V.S.A.). Kee Chung Sohn (Korea). Peter Stepanenko (V.S.S.R.). Artur Takac (Yugoslavia). 01av Tendeland (Norway). Pierre TonelIi (France). T. Tulikoura (Finland). Hugh Weir (Australia). Harold H. Whitlock (G.B. & N.!.). Georg Wieczisk (G.D.R.).

Deceased

Sir :Harry J. Barclay (G.B. & N.I.). William M. Barnard (G.B. & N.I.). Harold Berliner (U.S.A.). Friedrich Burger (Germany). J. E. Chryssafis (Greece). Jack C. G. Crump (G.B. & N.! \ Charles J. Dieges (V.S.A.). Carl Diem (Germauy). J. Sigfrid Edstrom (Sweden). Leopold Englund (Sweden). Tage Ericson (Sweden). C. Forys (Poland). J. Genet (France). Frands Guilleux (France). Kristian Hellstrom (Sweden). Edouard Hermes (Belgium). Ernest J. If. Holt (G.B. & N.I.).

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18 Murray Hulbert (U.S.A.). Evan A. Hunter (South Africa). G. Jurgenson (France). Hilding KjelIman (Sweden). Gustavus T. Kirby (U.S.A.). S. Kishi (Japan). Joo B. MacCabe (U.S.A.). E. S. Marks (Australia). Paul Mericamp (France). I. G. Merrick (Canada). Iustus W. Meyerhof (Germany). Lauri Miettinen (Finland). F. A. Moran (Eire). Naili Moran (Turkey). Mogens Oppegaard (Norway). Franz Reichel (France). Karl Ritter von Halt (Germany). Oscar (Norway). F. W. Rubien (U.S.A.). Iohannes Runge (Germany). G. V. A. Schofield (G.B. & N.!.). G. D. Sondi (India). Szilard Stankovits (Hungary). Pasquale Stassano (Italy). Robert M. Thompson (U.S.A.). Hermann Wraschtil (Austria). Bruno Zauli (Italy).

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LIST OF MEMBERS The letters in parenthesis denote the country. (Rule 4) grouping of the AFGHANISTAN (C) National Olympic Federation, Kabul. Afghanistan. Cables: Olympic, Kabul. Founded 1930. ALGERIA (C) Federation Algerienne d'Athletisme, 3. Place Emir Abdelkader, Alger, Algeria. Founded 1963. Antigua Amateur Athletic and Cycling Association P.O. Box 349, S1. Antigua. Founded 1960. ARGENTINA (A) Confederaci6n Argentina de Atletismo, Calle Peru 1360, Buenos Aires. Republic of Argentina. Founded 1954. AUSTRALIA (AA) The Amateur Athletic Union of Australia, 33 Rosen Street, Epping, N.S.W.2121, Cables: Amathunion, Sydney. Founded 1897. AUSTRIA (A) Osterreichischer Leichtathletik-Verband, Vienna 1040, Prinz Eugenstrasse 12, Austria. Cables: OLV Wien. Founded 1902. BAHAMAS (C) Bahamas Amateur Athletic Association, Founded 1952. P.O. Box 5517, Nassau, Bahamas. BARBADOS (D) Amateur Athletic Association of Barbados, P.O. Box 46, Bridgetown, Barbados, W.I. Cables: Athletic Barbados. Founded 1947.

20 BELGIUM (A) Ligue Royale BeIge d'Athletisme, 61-63 rue du Marche-aux-Herbes, Bruxelles 1000, Belgium. Cables: Belgathletic-Bruxelles. Founded 1889. BERMUDA (D) Amateur Athletic Union of Bermuda, P.O. Box 1026, Hamilton, Bermuda. Founded 1946. BOLIVIA (C) Federaci6n Atletica de Bolivia, CasiIIa 3860, La Paz, Bolivia. Cables: Fedatletica La Paz. Founded 1929. (A) BRAZIL Brasileira de Desportos, Rua da Alfandega 70, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Cables:; Desportos, Rio de Janeiro. Founded 1914. BRITISH HONDURAS (D) British Honduras Amateur Athletic Association, p.a. Box 146, Belize City, British Honduras, C.A. Cables: "Three A", Belize, British Honduras. Founded 1956. BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS (D) British Virgin Islands Amateur Athletic Association, p.a. Box 283, Road Town, Tortola, Founded 1972 British Virgin Islands. (D) BRUNEI Brunei Amateur Athletic Association, p.a. Box 1515, Bandar Seri, Begawan, Brunei. Founded 1953. (A) BULGARIA Bulgarian Athletic Federation, 18, Tolboukhine Bd, Sofia, Bulgaria. Founded 1949 Cables: Beseefse Sofia. (C) BURMA Burma Track and Field Federation, Aungsan Memorial Stadium, Founded 1947. Rangoon, Burma.

21 (0) CAMEROONS Federation Camerounaise d'Athletisme, B.P. 353, Yaounde, Founded 1959. Republique Unie du Cameroun. (AA) CANADA Canadian Track and Field Association, Administrative Centre for Sport, Place Vanier, Tower "A", 333 River Road, Vanier City, Ottawa, Ontario (K1L 8B9), Canada. Cables: Catfat (Ottawa). Founded 1889. CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC (0) Federation Centrafricaine d'AthIetisme, B.P. 964, Bangui, R.C.A. Cables: Fedath, Bangui. Founded 1962. CHILE (B) Federaci6n AtIetica de Chile, CasiIIa 820, Santiago de Chile. Cables: Fedachi. Founded 1917. REPUBLIC OF CHINA (C) Rep. of China Track and Field AS5ociation, P.O. Box 13-130, Taipei, Taiwan. Cables: Trackfield. Founded 1914. COLOMBIA (B) Federaci6n Colombiana de AtIetismo Amateur, CaUe 15 No: 13-82 Of. 401, Apartado Aereo No. 6024, Bogota, Colombia. Cables: Fedodatle, Bogota. Founded 1937. CONGO (0) Federation Congolaise d'Athletisme, RP. 2158, BrazzaviIle, Republique Populaire du Congo. Founded 1962. COOK ISLANDS (D) Cook Islands Sports Association, p.a. Box 440, Raratongo, Cook Islands. Founded 1962. COSTA RICA (0) Asociaci6n Costarricense de AtIetismo, Apartado 5009, San Jose, Costa Rica, A.C. Founded 1960.

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-.. '1 ".

22 CUBA ,(A) Fedr-raci6n Cubana de Atletismo, Hotel Habana Libre, CaUe L. entre 23 y 25, Vedado, Habana, Cuba. Cables: Ol'impicuba, Habana. Founded 1922.

CZECHOSLOVAKIA Cezkoslovensky atleticky svaz, Na POIki 12, Praha 1, Cables: SpOrtsvaz Atleticky Praha. Czechoslovakia.

(AA) Founded 1897.

(D) DAHOMEY Federation Dahomeenne d'Athletisme (F.D!A.), RP. 197, Porto-Novo, Dahomey. Cables: Dirsports Porto-Novo. Founded 1960.

DENMARK (A) Dansk Athletik Forbund, Vester Voldgade Nr. 11, 1552 Copenhagen, V., Denmark. Cables: Dafathletik. Founded 1907. OOMINICAN REPUBLIC (D) Federaci6n Dominicana de Atletismo Aficionado, CaIle 26 Casa 25, Ensanche Luper6n, Santo Oomingo, Republica Dominicana. Founded 1953. ECUADOR (0) Asociaci6n Ecuatoriana de Atletismo, P.O. Box 5452. Guayaquil, Ecuador. Cables: Fedenador. Founded 1925 EIRE Bord Luthchleas Na h'Eireann, 69 Jones Road. Dublin 3, Eire. Cables: Irish Athletics.

(A) Founded 1937.

EGYPT . (A) Egyptian Amateur Athletic FederatIOn, 13, KaÂ·sr El Nil Street, Cairo, E.A.R. Founded 1910.

23 (B)

ETHIOPIA National Ethiopian Athletics Federation, Haile Selassie I Stadium, P.O. Box 31241. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 5. Founded 1961. Cables: NESCO, Addis Ababa. (0) FUI . Fiji Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 1175, Founded 1949. Suva, Fiji. (AA) FINLAND Suomen Urheiluliitto ry, Box 25202, Helsinki 25, Finland. Cables: Urheiluliitto, Helsinki. Founded 1906. (AA) FRANCE Federation d'Athletisme, 10, rue duFaubourg Poissonniere, 75.010 Paris, France. Founded 1920. Cables: Fedathleti. (D) GABON Federation Gabonaise d'Athletisme Amateur, Founded 1961. B.P. 2266, Libreville, Gabon. THE GAMBIA (D) The Gambia Amateur Athletic Association, c/o P.O. Box 323, Bathurst, The Gambia, W. Africa. Founded 1960. Cables: Athletics, The Gambia. GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC (AA) Deutscher Verband fUr Leichtathletik' der DDR, 1055 Berlin, Storkower Strasse 118, G.D.R. Cables: Leichtathletik Berlin. Founded 1950. (AA) GERMANY Deutscher Leichtathletik Verband. 61 Darmstadt, Rheinstrasse 2Oa. Germany.. Founded 1898. Cables: Leichtathletik Darmstadt. Reformed

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24 GHANA (B) Ghana Amateur Athletic Association, Sports Council of Ghana, P.O. Box 1272, Accra, Ghana, W. Africa. Cables: Ghansport. Founded 1944. GIBRALTAR (D) Gibraltar Amateur Athletic Association, 4, Lynchs Lane, Gibraltar. Founded 1954. GREAT BRITAIN & NORTHERN IRELAND (AA) British Amateur Athletic Board, 26, Park Crescent, London, WIN 4BO. Cables: Athlete London. Founded 1880. GREECE (A) Association Hellenique d'Athletisme Amateur, (S.E.G.A.S.) 20 rue Amerikis, Athenes (134), Greece. Cables: Segas, Athens. Founded 1897. GRENADA (D) Grenada Amateur Athletic and Cycling Association, P.O. Box 216, Burns Point, St. George's, Grenada. Founded 1924. (D) GUATEMALA Federaci6n Nacional de Atletismo, Palacio de Los Deportes, Guatemala City, Guatamala, C.A. Cables: Cdag, Guatemala. Founded 1945. GUINEA (D, Federation Guineenne d'AthIetisme Amateur, Ministere des Arts et des Sports, RP. 262, Conakry, Republique de Guinee. Founded 1960. Cables: Conakry B.P. 262. GUYANA (0 Amateur Athletic Association of Guyana, 117 Third Street, Alberttown, Georgetown, Guyana. Founded 1948. HAITI (D) Commission Nationale d'Athletisme, P.O. Box 537, Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Reformed 1969.

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---

25 HONDURAS (D) Federaci6n Nacional Deportiva Extraescolar, Tegucigalpa, D.e., Honduras, C.A. Founded 1951. HONG KONG (0) Hong Kong Amateur Athletic Association, G.P.O. Box 280, Hong Kong. Founded 1951. HUNGAE.Y (AA) Magyar Athletikai Szovetseg, Budapest, XIV. Istvimmezei-ut 5, Hungary. Cables: Masz-Budapest. Founded 1897. ICELAND (B) Frjalsiprottasamband Islands, P.O. Box 1099, Iprottamidstodinni Laugardal, Reykjavik, Iceland. Cables: "Iceathletic". Founded 19'47. INDIA (A) Amateur Athletic Federation of India, c/o Mr. L. R. Khanna, World Health House, Indaprastha Estate, Ring Road, New Delhi I, India. Founded 1946. INDONESIA (0 Persatuan Atletik Seluruh Indonesia (PASl), Flat Perwira Alri No: 14 DJL, Danau Poso, Pedjompongan Djakarta, Indonesia. Cables: Pasindonesia, Djakarta. Founded 1950. IRAN (B) Iranian Amateur Track and Field Federation, Sports Federation Joint Bureau, P.O. Box 11-1642 Teheran, Iran. Cables: Sportsiran. Founded 1936. IRAQ (D) Iraq Amateur Athletic Federation, Ministry of Youth Building, Baghdad, Iraq. Founded 1948. ISRAEL (B) Sports Federation of Israel, (S.F.I.), P.O. Box 4575, Tel Aviv, Israel. Cables: Sportisfed, Israel. Founded 1931.

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...

26 (AA) ITALY Federazione Italiana di AtJetica Leggera viale Tiziano 70, , 00100 Rome, Italy. Founded 1:;06. Cables: Fidalroma. (C) IVORY COAST Federation Ivoirienne d'Athletisme, Boulevard Lagunaire, B.P. 2844 Abidjan Cote d'Ivoire ' 1960. JAMAI<::A (A) JamaIca Amateur Athletic Association p.a. Box 272, Kingston 5, ' Jamaica, W. Indies. Cables: Jamathletic, Jamaica. Founded 1932. (AA) JAPAN Nippon Rikujo-Kyogi Renmej, 1-1-1 J)r.nan, .Shibuya-Ku, Tokyo 150, Japan. Cables: Zenll1hon, Toyko. Founded 1925. JORDAN (D) The Jordanian Amateur Athletic Federation, P.O. Box 413, Amman, Jordan. Founded 1961KENYA (A) Kenya Amateur Athletic Association. P.O. Box 6722, Nairobi, Kenya. . Founded 1951. KHMER (CAMBODIA) (D) Federation Khmere d'Athletisme A,qateuf, Complexe Sportif National, Phnom-Penh, Republique Khmere. Founded 1936. KOREA (0 Korean Amateur Athletic Federation 19 Mookyo-dong, Chong-ku, Seoul, ' P.O. Box 566, K.W.M., Seoul, , Founded 1945. D.P.R. KOREA (C) Amateur Athletic Association of The Democ!atic People's Republic of Korea, Moonsm-Dong 2, Dongdaiwon District, Pyongyang, D.P.R. of Korea. D.P.R.K. Athletic.

Z7 (D) KU\VAIT Kuwait Athletic Federation, p.a. Box 5499, Fahad As Salem Street, Al-mahry Building, 3rd Floor Flat No. 11, Kuwalt, Arabian Gulf. Founded 1957. Cables: Athletic, Kuwait. (D) LAOS Federation d'AthIetisrne du Laos, c/o Direction Generale de la Jeunesse et des Sports, RP. 268' Vientiane, Laos. Cables: Fal Dirsports, Vientiane. Founded 1958. LEBANON (0 Federation Libanalse d'Athletisme, p.a. Box 5601. Beyrouth, Liban. Founded 1945. Cables: Katorikan-Beyrut.

LESOTI-IO

(D)

Lesotho Sports Association, p.a. Box 138, Founded 1931. Maseru, Lesotho. (C) LIBERIA Liberia Track and Field Federation, Broad Street, p.a. Box 2273, Founded 1955. Monrovia, Liberia, W. Africa. LIBYA (0 Libyan Amateur Athletic Federation, p.a. Box 879, Tripoli, Libya. Cables: Libyolympic Athletic. Founded 1962. (D)

Llechtenstem Turn-und-Lelchtathletik-Verband . Lowal 522, FL-9496 Balzers, Liechtenstein. ' Cables: Turnverband Vaduz. Foundecl1936. (B) FederatIOn LuxembourgeOlse d'AthJetisme, Case Postale 175, Luxembourg. Cables: Athletic, Luxembourg. Founded 1928. 1 e eratIOn a gache d'Athletisme, B.P. 717, Tananarive, Madagascar.

(C)

Founded 1962.

28 MALAWI Amateur Athletic Association of Malaw:, p.a. Box 1079. Blantyre, Malawi. Founded Cables: Sport. Maiawf, MALAYSIA Malaysia Amateur Athletic Union. Stadium Merdeka, P.O. Box 95'7. Founded Kuala Lumpuf, Malaysia. Reformed MALI Federation MaIienne d'Athletisme. B.P. No. 595, Bamako. Republique du MalL Cables: Fedathletisme Bamako, Mali. Founded MALTA Malla Amateur Athletic Association. Flat Patricia Flats, Zabbar Road, Pawla. Malta G.c. Founded CableS: Athletics. MAURITANIA Federation Mauritanienne d'Athletisme, B.P. 178 Nouakchott, Founded Rep. Islamique de Mauritanie. MAURITIUS Mauritius Sports Association, 22, Lislet Geoffrov Street, Port Louis, Mauri"tius. Founded Cables: M.S.A. Mauritius. MEXICO Federaci6n Mexicana de AtIetismo, Plaza de la Republica No: 43-, Despacho 104, Mexico I, D.F. Cables: Depormex. Founded MONGOLIA The Athletic Federation of the Mongolian People's Republic, Mongolian Athletic Federation, 55 Baga Toirog, Ulan Bator, Founded Mongolian People's Republic.

(B)

MOROCCO (B) Federation Royale Marocaine d'Athletisme, Maison des Sports, Pare de la Ligue Arabe, Casablanca, Morocco.. Cables: Fedennat. Founded 1957.

1906. 1963.

NAURU (D) Nauru Amateur Athletic Association, Box 39, Post Office, Nauru, Central Pacific. Founded 1967.

(D)

1%7.

(C)

1%0. (D)

1928. (D)

1962.

(D)

1952. (A)

1933. (D)

1961.

(D) NEPAL Amateur Athletic Association of Nepal, Founded 1951. Bag Durbar, Kathmandu, Nepal. NETHERLANDS (A) Koninklijke Nederlandsche Athletiek-Unie, (K.N.A.U.) Nachtegaalstraat 67, P.O. Box 14444, Utrecht, Netherlands. Founded 1901. (D) NETHERLANDS ANTILLES Nederlands AntiIIiaanse Athletiek Unie, clo H. Prince. P.O. Box, 304, Willemstad, Curacao, N.A. Founded 1934. Cables: N.A.A.U. Reformed 1962. NEW HEBRIDES (D) New Hebrides Amateur Athletic Association, c/o Post Office, Port ViIa, New Hebrides, Pacific Islands. Founded 1965. NEW ZEALAND (AA) New Zealand Amateur Athletic Association (INC.) P.O. Box 741, Wellington, New Zealand. Cables: Amathletic, Wellington. Founded 1887. NICARAGUA (D) Federaci6n Nicaraguense de Atletismo, P.O. Box 786, Managua, Nicaragua. Founded 1940. NIGER (D) Federation Nigerienne d'AthI6tisme, RP. 215, Niamcy, Niger. Founded 1961.

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30 (A) NIGERIA Amateur Athletic Association of Nigeria, p.a. Box 550, Lagos, Nigeria, W.A. Cables: Athletics, Lagos. Founded 1944 NORWAY (AA) Norges Fri-idrettsforbund, Youngstorget 1, Oslo l, Norway. Cables: Fri-Idrett. Founded 1896. PAKIS-;rAN (A) PakIstan Amateur Athletic Federation, clo Sports Training and Coaching Centre, StadIUm Road, Karachi, Pakistan. Founded 1947. Cables: Coachcent. (B) PANAMA Federaci6n Panamefia de Atletismo, Apartado 3503, Panama 1, Republic of Panama. Cables: FepaL Founded 1945. PAPUA & NEW GUINEA (C) Papua New Guinea Amateur Athletic Union, c/o. Commonwealth Dept. of Works, P.O. Box 103, Lae, Papua & New Guinea. Founded 1961. (D) PARAGUAY Federaci6n Paraguaya de Atletismo, Herrera 962, C. Correo 1420, Founded ]947. Asunci6n, Paraguay. (B) PERU Federaci6n Peruana de Atletismo, Casilla No. 2732, Lima, Peru. Cables: At!eperu. Founded 1927. (B) Phll!ppme Amateur Track and Field Associat i "., Rizal Memorial Field, M. Adriatico St. Manila, Philippines Cables: "Patafa" Philippines. Founded 1961. POLAND (AA) Polski Zwiazek Lekkiej Atletyki, Warszawa, ul. Foksal19. Founded 1919. Cables: Pezla Warszawa.

PORTUGAL

(B)

Portuguesa de Atletismo, da Alegria 6-3 0 Esq., Founded 1921. Lisboa, Portugal. . (B)

PUERTO RICO Puerto Rico Athletic Federation, G.P.O. Box 800, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 00936. Founded 1947. Cables: Atletismo, San Juan. (D) QATAR Qatar Athletic Association, P.O. Box 2511, Doha, Qatar. Founded 1963. Cables: RyatlShabab. (C) RHODESIA Rhodesia Amateur Athletic Union, P.O. Box8316, Causeway, Rhodesia. Cables: Athlete, Salisbury, Rhodesia. Founded 1901. (AA) RUMANIA Federatia Romma de Atletism, Str. Vasile Conta Dr. 16, Bucharest, Rumania. Cables: Sportrom. Founded 1912. EL SALVADOR (D) Federaci6n Salvadorena de AtIetismo, clo Comite Olimpico de El Salvador, Nuevo Gimnasio Nacional, Apartado Postal No: 759, . San Salvador, El Salvador, CA. Founded 1943. Cables: "Colimpico". (D) SAUDI ARABIA Saudi Arabia Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 956, , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Founded 1963. SENEGAL (D) Federation Senegalaise d'Athletisme, B.P. 1737, Dakar, Founded 1%0. Republic of

33 32

SIERRA LEONE (D) Sierra Leone Amateur Athletic Association, clo National Sports Council of Sierra Leone, P.O. Box 1181, Freetown, Sierra Leone. Cables: Athletics, Freetown. Founded 1951. SINGAPORE (D) Singapore Amateur Athletic Association, Newton, P.O. Box 33, Singapore 11. Founded 1934. SOMALIA (0) Somalia Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 877, Mogadiscio, Somalia. SOUTH AfRICA (AA) South African Amateur Athletic Union, P.O. Box 1261, Pretoria, South Africa. Cables: Atleet. Founded 1895. SPAIN (A) Real Federacion EspaiioJa de Atletismo, . '. caIJe Miguel Angel 16, Madrid (10), Spain. Cables: Feda tleti, Madrid. Founded 1918. SRI LANKA (CEYLON) (C) Amateur Athletic Association of Sri Lanka, 33/4 Off Station Road, Dehiwala. Sri Lanka Founded 1922. SUDAN (C) Sudan Amateur Athletics Association, P.O. Box 1773, Khartoum, Republic of the Sudan. Cables: Gowa, Khartoum. Founded 1959. SURINAM Surinaamse Athletiek Bond, clo Mr. B. A. Douglas, Secretary, Uitvlugt 65 pc 32, Distr. Suriname, Suriname.

(D)

Founded 1955

SWAZILAND (0) Swaziland Amateur Athletics Association. P.O. Box 383, Mbabane, Kingdom of Swaziland, Southern Africa. . Founded 1969. (AA) SWEDEN Svenska Fri-Idrottsforbundet. Sofiatornet, Stadion 11433. Stockholm, Sweden. Founded 1895. Cables: Friidrott, Stockholm. (A) SWITZERLAND Schweizerischer Leichtathletik-Verband, CH-30l2 Berne, Buhlstrasse 21. Switzerland. Cables: Swissathletic, Berne. Founded 1905. SYRIA (0) Syrian Athletic Federation, Box 421, Damascus, Syria. Founded 1949. (C) TANZANIA Tanzania Amateur Athletic Association. P.O. Box 2172, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. E. Africa. Cables: Utamaduni. Founded 1954. TCHAD (D) ComiM Tchadjen du Sport Amateur. B.P. 2123 a Fort-Lamy. Tchad. Cables: Jeunesse et Sports (Lamy) Founded 1963. THAILAND (C) Amateur Athletic Association of Thailand. Kattikachorn National Stadium, Huamark, Bangkok 10, Thailand. Founded 1948. TOGO (D) Federation Togolaise d'Athletisme. RP. 13, Lome, Togo. Founded 1963. TONGA (D) Tonga Amateur Athletic Association. P.O. Box 450. Nukualofa, Tonga. Cables: Athletic Association. Tonga. Founded 1962.

TRINIDAD & TOBAGO (B' National Amateur Athletic Association of Trinidad & Tobago, 16 St. Vincent Street, Port-of-Spain, Trinidad, West Indies. Reformed 1970. TUNISIA Federation Tunisienne d'Athletisme, 53 Rue de Mallieille, Tunis, Tunisia. Cables: Athletisme, Tunis. Founded 1957. TURKEY RT.G.Md. Atletizm Federasyonu, 19 Mayis Stadi, Ankara, Turkey. Cables: Atletizm Spor Ankara.

(A)

Founded 1922.

(B) UGANDA Uganda Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 2163, Kampala, Uganda. Cables: UAAA Lunono Stadium Kampala. Founded 1925.

UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS (AA) Light Athletic Federation of the U.S.S.R. Skatertnyi pereulok 4, Moscow 69, U.S.S.R. Cables: Sojuzsport, Moscow. Founded 1924. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (AA) Amateur Athletic Union of the United States of America, A.A.U. House, 3400 'Nest 86th Street, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46268, U.S.A. Cables: AmatWetic, Indianapolis. Founded 1888. UPPER VOLTA (D) Federation Voltaique d'Athletisme, B.P. 772,Ouagadougou, Founded 1961. Republic of Upper Volta. (B) URUGUAY Confederaci6n Atletica del Uruguay, Canelones 982, Montevideo, Uruguay. Cables: Atletica. Founded 1918.

VENEZUBLA fA) Federaci6n Venezolana de Atletismo Instituto Nacional de Deportes la Vega, Caracas, Venezuela. Cables: Colimpico. Founded 1948. (D) VIET-NAM Vietnam. Amateur. Athletic Federation No. 3 Duong Hong-Bang, Box 45, , Saigon, Cholon, Vietnam. Cables: FAVN, Saigon. Founded 1951. VIRGIN ISLANDS (D) Virgin Islands Track and Field Federation, p.a. Box 1703, St. Thomas, Virgin Islands Cables: Vitrack, St. Thomas. 1963. WESTERN SAMOA (D) Western Samoa Amateur Sports Federation, (Inc.), p.a. Box 73, Apia, Western Samoa. Founded 1962. YUGOSLAVIA (AA) Federation Yougoslave d'Athletisme, 11000 Belgrade, Str. Bana 73a, Yugoslavia. Cables: ASAJ, Belgrade. Founded 1921. . FederatIOn Nationale Zairoise d'Athletisme , "Fenaza", RP. 1527, Kinshasa 1, Republique du Zaire. Founded Cables: Fenaza. Reformed ZAMBIA Zambia Amateur Athletic Association p.a. Box 987, Kabwe, Zambia. Founded Re-formed

(0)

1949. 1963. (D)

1949. 1964.

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_-- - - - -

37 DNISION II

RULE 1

CONsnTUTION

Definitions

of the

NOTE.-Where appropriate the masculine gender shall include the feminine and the singular shall inclu.de the plural.

INTERNA110NAL AMATEUR AmLEUC FEDERA110N

Athletics: Track and field athletics, road run-

ning, walking and cross country running.

Rule

DEFINITIONS

THE INTERNATIONAL AMATEUR ATHLETIC FEDERATION

I.A.A.F.:

International Amateur Athletic Federation.

Member:

Any National Governing Body affilated to the I.A.A.F. International Olympic Committee.

OBJECTS

4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

MEMBERSHIP

I.O.C.:

OFFICERS

Area and Group Championships or Games :

COUNCIL CONGRESSES COMMITTEES LANGUAGES

10.

ALTERATIONS TO RULES

11.

SUSPENSIONS AND REINSTATEMENTS

12.

COMPETITIONS UNDER I.A.A.F. RULES COMPETITORS COMPETING ABROAD QUALIFICATIONS OF COMPETITORS

13.

WORLD, AREA AND GROUP CHAMPIONSHIPS

14.

ExPENSES

15.

MATERIAL ASSISTANCE

16.

ADVERTISING WITHIN THE ARENA

51-54. EUGIBILIlY AND AMATEUR STATUS

(a) Olympic

Games and World Championships. (b) Continental. Regional or Area Championships or Games. (c) Group Games or Championships (Le. other Championships or Games open to all athletes belonging to a defined group).

RULE 2 The International Amateur Athletic Federation The lA.A.F. shall comprise duly elected national goyerning bodies for amateur athletics which agree to abIde by the rules and regulations of the I.A.A.F. RULES 1-2

",----------'----

RULE 4

RULE 3 Objects

The objects of the Federation shall be: I.-To establish friendly and loyal co-operation between all Members for the benefit of amateur athletics throughout the world. 2.-To strive to ensure that no racial, religious. political or other kind of discrimination be allowed in athletics and to take all necessary measures to stop such discrimination. ::S.-To strive to secure that there shall be no hindrance to the participation of any country or individual in international athletic competitions on racial, religious or political grounds. 4.-To compile rules and regulations governing international competitions for men and women in amateur athletics. 5.-To ensure that all contests between Members including Area and Group Championships or Games shall be held under the laws and rules of the lAA.F. 6.-To affiliate national governing bodies. 7.-To decide any dispute that may arise between Members if called upon to do so. 8.-To co-operate with the Organising Committees of the Olympic Games in carrying through the organisation of the athletic competitions and as delegated by the LO.C. to supervise and control all the technical arrangements. 9.-To frame regulations for the establishment of World and Olympic records and such other amateur athletic records as Congress agrees may be recognised.

RULE 3

Membership I. -The National

Governing Body for amateur

,d l; kt ics in any country or territory shall be eligible for filCI il bership.

Clllly onc 'Member for each country or territory may be ;dfiliatcd, and such Member shall be recognised by thl: I.A.A.F. i1S lhe only national governing body for all amaleur athletics in such country or territory. The jurisdiction of Members shall be limited to the political boundaries of the country or territory they represent.

2.-Application for membership together with a copy of the Constitution and rules of the national governing body shall be submitted to the Council, which shall have power to elect to membership provisionally, pending confirmation at the next Congress meeting. 3.--Membership shall be divided into five groups and any new Membci' admitted to the LA.A.F. shall be placed in such group as the Congress may decide. The following grouping shall remain until altered by a subsequent Congrcss:-GROUP "AA" (8 Votes) Australia Italy Canada Japan Czechoslovakia New Zealand Finland Norway France Poland German Democratic Rumania Republic Sou th Africa Germany Sv.:eden Gt. Britain & U.SA. Northern Ireland U.S.S.R. Hungary Y ugoslavia

RULE 4

- - - -

GROUP "A" (6 Votes) Argentine Austria Belgium Brazil Bulgaria Cuba Denmark Egypt Eire Greece India

Jamaica Kenya Mexico Netherlands Nigeria Pakistan Spain Switzerland Turkey Venezuela

GROUP "B" (4 Votes) Chile Colombia Ethiopia Ghana Iceland Iran Israel Luxemburg Malaysia Morocco

Panama Peru Philippmes Portugal Puerto Rico Trinidad & Tobago Tunisia Uganda Uruguay

GROUP "C" (2 Votes) Afghanistan Algeria Bahamas Bolivia Burma Guyana Indonesia Ivory Coast Korea D.P.R. Korea Lebanon

Liberia Libya Madagascar Mali Papua & New Guinea Republic of China Rhodesia Sri Lanka Sudan Tanzania Thailand

GROUP uD" (l Vote) Malawi Antigua Malta Barbados Mauritania Bermuda Mauritius British Honduras Mongolia British Virgin Islands Nauru Brunei Nepal Cameroons Netherlands Antilles Central African New Hebrides Republic Nicaragua Congo Niger Cook Islands Paraguay Costa Rica Qatar Dahomey El Salvador Dominican Republic Saudi Arabia Ecuador Senegal Fiji Sierra Leone Gabon Singapore Gambia Gibraltar Somalia Surinam Grenada Guatemala Swaziland Guinea Syria Haiti Tchad Honduras Toga Hong Kong Tonga Iraq Upper Volta Jordan Viet-Nam Khmer Virgin Islands Kuwait Western Samoa Laos Zaire Lesotho Zambia Liechtenstein 4.-The annual fees from each Member affiliated to the I.A.A.F. shaH be paid in advance on 1st January in accordance with the following groups:Each Member in Group "AA" shall pay... " " "A"" .

... ÂŁ100 ... ÂŁ60

...

42 It

,,"B"

"e"" "D"

,t"

£30 £10 £5

Any member whose sUbscription is unpaid on the 31st DECEMBER shall be liable to be struck off the list of Members 01 suspended at the discretion of the Council. No representative can be to. take part in any meeting of the Congress or CommIttees If the subscription of the Member he repre-.;ents or belongs to is more than twelve months in arrears. Members shall not be permitte4 to or to tak.e part in Area or Group ChampIOnshIps or Games If their subscriptions are in arrears. 5.-For the purpose of electing the Council, or any area Committee. in accordance with Rule 6 (1) Members are divided into the following Continental Areas or Regions: AFRICA Algeria Cameroons Central African Republic Congo Dahomey Egypt Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Ivory Coast Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania

Mauritius Morocco Niger Nigeria RhodeSIa Senegal Sierre Leone Somalia South Africa Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Tchad Togo Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta Zambia Zaire

Afghanistan Brunei Burma Republic of China Hong Kong India Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Khmer Korea D.P.R. Korea Australia Cook Islands Fiji Nauru New Hebrides Austria Belgium Bulgaria Czechoslovakia Denmark Eire Finland France German Democratic RepublIc Germany Gibraltar Great Britain & Northern Ireland Greece Hungary

ASIA Kuwait Laos Lebanon Malaysia Mongolia Nepal Pakistan Philippmes Qatar Saudi Arabia Singapore Sri Lanka Syria Thailand Viet-Nam OCEANIA New Zealand . Papua & New Guinea Tonga Western Samoa EUROPE Iceland Italy Liechtenstein Luxemburg Malta Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Rumania Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey U.S.S.R. Yugoslavia

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l' -

45 NORTII AMERICA Antigua Guatemala Bahamas Haiti Barbados Honduras Bermuda Jamaica British Honduras Mexico British Virgin Islands Nicaragua Canada Panama Costa Rica Puerto Rico Cuba El Salvador Dominican Trinidad & Tobago Republic U.S.A. Grenada Virgin Islands SOUTH AMERICA Argentine Netherlands Antilles Bolivia Paraguay Brazil Pel'U Chile Surinam Colombia Uruguay Ecuador Venezuela Guyana RULE 5 Officers I.-The President and the Honorary Secretary shall be elected by the Congress, each for a term of four years. These Officers shall be ex officio members of all committees. 2.-ln the administration of the affairs of the Federation, the Council may delegate to the President and Honorary Secretary power to act in a case of urgency in any financial matters, provided that the Council is advised at the earliest opportunity of any action so taken. The President and Honorary Secretary shall be entitled to indemnify themselves out of the funds of the Federation in respect of any loss so incurred. 3.-The Council may appoint such additional Honorary Officers as it may deem necessary for the purpose of carrying out the administration.

RULE 5

RULE 6 Council

l.-The Cou...cil shall consist of fifteen members as under:. (41) The President of the IA.A.F.. (6) The Honorary Secretary of the I.AA.F. (c) Seven members elected as individuals from different Member countries other than that of the President and Honorary Secretary. (d) . One representative from each of the following six Area Groups: . AFRICA

NORTH AMERICA

EUROPE

SOUTH AMERICA

Asu

(The grouping of Members for this purpose is shown i,n Rule 4.) Apart from the President and Honorary Secretary, not more than one member of the Council may come from anyone country. 2.-All elections for the Council shall take place at Congress by means of secret ballots. The elections shall be held in the following order: (i) President. (ii) Honorary Secretary. (iii) Six Area Group Representatives. A separate ballot shall be held for each Area Group, and only the Members included in the Group under Rule 4 shall be eligible to vote. (iv) Seven individuals. 3.-AlI nominations for the Council shall be received by the Honorary Secretary of the lA.A.F. not later than three calendar months prior to the date of the Congress at which elections will take place. 4.-The term of office of the Council shall be four years with the powers and duties as set out hereafter. 5.-The Officers and members of the Council shall serve until their successors are elected and take office. RULE 6

46 6.-1f during the first two years of the term of office a vacancy arises in the Council, a substitute shall be elected at the next Congress for the residuary period. 7.-In the absence of the President, the Honorary Secretary shall preside. S.-The President, Honorary Secretary aI\d each member of the Council shall have a vote. The President, in die case of a tie in the voting, shall have a second or casting vote. 9.-The Council shall meet at least once a year. Its powers and duties shall include the following:(a) To administer the affairs of the I A.A.E (b) To submit to each biennial Congress a report, together with audited statements of accounts and balance sheets for the preceding period and a budget for the succeeding two years. (c) To ! examine any proposals from Members or Committees which are to be discussed at and to submit such reports thereon as they think fit. To submit to Congress any other proposals they may deem desirable. (d) To make decisions in urgent matters relating to all rules. Any such decisions must be reported to the next Congress. (e) To summon a Special Congress to deal with any special case of great importance requiring an urgent decision. (f) To decide any dispute that may arise between Members which may be referred to it by any of such Members. (g) To grant provisional affiliation to new Members. (lz) To' exercise the powers of Suspension and Reinstatement as set out in Rule 11. (i) To notify Members of the imposition of any penalties by either Congress or Council. (J) To maintain a register of World, Olympic and , such other amateur records as Congress may decide to recognise. (k) To control and' supervise the athletic 'technical organisation at the Olympic Games.

47 (1) To appoint such additional Honorary Officer<; it may deem necessary for the purpose of admhi:s-

tering the affairs of the I.A.A.F. ' To appoint representatives of the lA.A.F. to the Federation lntemationale de Medecine Sportive, Uniop Internationale de Pentathlon Mcdeme and other bodies of a similar nature. (n) To appoint members of the Medical Committee, on the recommendation of the existing members of the Committee. RULE 7 (m)

i.-The Congress of the lA.A.F. shall consist of the President, two Vice-Presidents elected for the Meeting only, the Honorary Secretary and any other Honorary Officers, members of the Council and not more than three delegates from each Member. 2.-A Member shall be represented only by its delegates. Notice of the appointment of delegates, certified in. writing by the Member they must be lodged With the Honorary Secretary pnor to the commencement of the Congress Meeting. A delegate shall be a citizen of the country he represents and shall not have competed a professional; nor shall he have acted as a profesSIOnal coach, unless his coaching activities have ceased for .least .one and he.is presently engaged in an admlDlstliltIve capaCity for hiS national governing body for athletics. A delegate shall represent only one Member. 3:-' in Group "AA" shall' be entitled to eight votes each; those in Group "A" to six yotes each; those in Group "B" to four votes eachÂˇ those !? Group "c" to two votes each, and those in Group D" to one vote each. Only delegates of Members shall have power to vote and votes shall be recorded by one delegate only from each Member (See Rule 4 (1) for Groups of Membership). ' be entitled to register votes as soon as their affihatlon has been ratified by Congress. RULE 7

48 5.-The Congress shall be convened biennially and the venue shall be fixed at the preceding meeting. 6.-A Special Congress may be called by the Council and shall be called if not less than one-third of the Members give notice in writing to the Honorary Secretary stating they desire such a meeting and the reasons relating thereto. Upon receipt of any such notice, the Honorary Secretary shall summon a meeting of the Congress within three months. 7.-The President shaH preside at all Congress meetings. In his absence the meeting sha)) appoint one of the elected Vice-Presidents. Scrutineers for ballots sha)) be appointed from the delegates to Congress. _ 8.-The Congress only shaIJ have power to approve ot alter any constitutional rule. An additions, amendments or alterations to the Constitution Rules must obtain two-thirds of the voting power of those present and such two-thirds must also represent at least one third of the total voting power of the lA.A.F. 9.-The Congress shall elect by secret ballot, for a period of four years unless otherwise decided by Congress,thefolJowing Committees: Technical Committee, Women's Committee, Walking Committee, Cross Country Committee. Other Committees may be appointed by Congress as necessary. . The number of members of such committees and the lunctions, powers and duties of these bodies shall be in accordance with Rule 8. All nominations for these committees shall be sent to the Honorary Secretary of the LA.A.F. not later than three calendar months prior to the date of Congress at which such elections wiU be made (See Rule 8). 1O.-Continental, Area or Group Associations, Confederations or Committees may be formed for each of the six Groups listed under Rule 4 (para. 5). In the case of Committees, these shall be elected by Regional Congresses and the result of a)) elections notified to the Honorary Secretary. Each of such Associations, Confederations or Committees shaH draw up its own

49 rules relating to its constitution and powers (which shall in aIJ cases be limited to operation within its own area and in no sense conflict with any I.A.A.F. rule). These rules must be submitt(:d to the Council for approval and referred to the next Congress for amendment or ratification. Regional Associations, Confederations or Committees shall render reports of their activities to Congress every two years. 11.-ln recognition of valued services given to the shall be entitled to elect an Honorary LIfe-PresIdent and not more than three Honorary Life Vice-Presidents, without voting power. RULE 8 Committees All Committees shall meet when summoned by the Honorary &cretary and their recommendations shall be reported to Congress. (a) Technical Committee.-The Technical Committee, to whom an questions concerning competition rules shall be referred, shall consist of a Chairman and 15 individuals from various countries. (b) Women's Committee.-The Women's Committee to whom all questions concerning women's athletics shali be referred, shall consist of a Chairman and 10 individuals from various countries. (c) Walking Committee.-The Walking Committee, to whom all questions concerning Walking shall be referred, shall consist of a Chairman and 10 individuals from various countries. . (cl) c;ross Country Committee.- The Cross Country CommIttee, to whom all questions concerning cross country shall be referred, shall consist of a Chairman and ten individuals from various countries. NOTE: Questions concerning The Marathon and Road shall be referred to the Technical Com.mzttee. (e) Medical Committee. -The Medical Committee to whom all questions of a medical nature concerning RULE 8

athletics shall be referred shall consi.st of a and up to 12 individuals from varIOUS countnes,. to include as far as possible at least one representative from every Continent. RULE 9 At all may in ;l.is own language, translatIOns J<1to German, Russian and 3D addItion EngÂˇ lish and French. The ConstitutlCD and the RUles }?,egulations. M}nutes, Reports and other ':jron..s shaH be ID such languages as the ,---O...:nC1i '}naH -v

cases of any difference in the interpretation of any text the English version shall be accepted.

A report containing the recommendations of the Technical Comrnittee will be circulated to all Members at least three months before the Congress held at the time of the Olympic Games. Urgent proposals for alterations to the technical rules may, however, be made at any time and they must be discussed at' the next Congress, even if they reach the Honorary Secretary later than 6 months prior to Congress. . . 4.-When alterations to techmcal rules are adopted by Congress or decided upon by Council as an urgent matoteper date to allow adequate time for all member countries to put them into operation simultaneously.

RULE 11 RULE 10 Suspensions and Reinstatement Altel'8tions to Rules I.-The Council shall have the power to suspend any l.-Constitutional Rules. Proposals for alteratiol15 or Member or athlete from international competition until additions to the constitutional rules of the may the next meeting of the Congress, and the Congress shall be made only by a Member or by the Councd and likewise have the power to suspend any Member or reach the Honorary Secretary of the I.A.A.F: at least SIX athlete from international calendar months prior to the Congress at whIch they are shall be stated in its decision.competition for so long as to be considered. The proposals shall be sent to MemBefore exercising its powers under this rule the Council bers at least four calendar months before such or Congress must notify the Member or athlete (through No proposals shall be considered by Congress WIthout the Member) of any alleged infringement of the Rules the notice specified herein. . and an opportunity to the Member or athlete of 2.-Technical Rules. Proposals to. the techmcal beingafford heard. rules, rules for Women's competitIons a!1d rules 2.-on the application of any Member, the Council Walking, Cross-Country and Road RUDDmg competimay reinstate any athlete who by reason of any infringetions must be sent to the Honorary Secretary the ment of the lA.A.F. Rules has become ineligible I.A.A.F. so as to reach him at least six prIor to to take part in competition under I.A.A.F. Rules. Any the Congress at which they are to be conSidered. He sh3:Il application for reinstatement must be forwarded to the submit them to the appropriate defined ID Honorary Secretary of the I.A.A.F. by the Secretary of Rule 8, for advice and recomme!ldattons. . the ÂĽember responsible for the athlete concerned. Such 3.-Alterations to the techmcal rules will normally give in detail the circumstances leading only be considered by Congress four years, at the . to th" mehglbllIty and the reasons advanced for reintime of the Olympic Games, and wIll not become effec- statement. tive untilafter the Games. RULE 11 RULFS 9-10

S3 RULE 12 l .......tioDal MeetiDgs---Compeon CooqletiDg Abroad-QualificatioDs of Compet1ton I.-At the following International Meetings, the rules . and regulations of the IA.A.F. must apply:. (a) Olympic Games and World .. (b) Continental, Regional or Area ChampIOnships or Games. (c) Group Games or Championships (i.e. other Championships or Games open to all athletes belonging to a defined group). (d) Matches between two or more . 2.-All International Meetings or any ID. which any foreign athlete takes part must be sanctIoned by the I.A.A.F. or by a Member. 3.-..In sanctioning any International Meeting, Members should draw the attention of the promoter to the importance of his observing all the lA.A.F. Rules and should not normally give permission to any promoter . who has previously failed to observe the rules. 4.-Members in authorising International. Meetmgs are of under their jurisdiction shall insist that all a lasting nature, are intended for the and shall not exceed the value of U.S. $100 (or Its eqUivalent in other currencies). 5.-(a) No athlete or club may part in an meeting in a foreign country Without the wntten approval of his governing body and no Member allow any foreign to enter. any competitIon without such permit certlfylDg that he IS an amateur and permitted to compete in the country (b) Any athlete competing in. any foreign country (other than in international meetIDgs as above defined) shall, in respect to that competition, be subject to the athletic laws of that country. 6 -All negotiations for the participation of an ath!f.te country shall be carried on through the in RULE 12

Members concerned and in no circumstances shall any invitation be extended directly or indirectly to an athlete by any individual, club, college, university or other organisation. The only exception to the foregoing shall be where a Member shall authorise one of its member clubs to communicate with the club of another country concerning the participation of one or more of its athletes, and such authorisation shall be granted on the express condition that the Member conceriled is kept informed as to the context of the communications. 7.-Where an athlete of any member country receives a scholarship from an institution in another country, then as a condition to and before the athlete's governing body shall grant the permission to compete referred to in Rule 12 para. 6, the President of L:;e institution granting the scholarship shall first submit to the Member, in whose country the educational institution is located, full and detailed information of the nature and extent of the scholarship aid furnished to the athlete, for transmission to the Member of the athlete's home country. 8.-In Olympic Games and World Championships and in Continental, Regional or Area Championships or Games (i.e. categories l(a) and l(b) of Rule 12) Members shall be represented only by citizens by birth or or registration of the country which the affilIated Member represents, or by athletes otherwise citizenship by the procedure legally recognised ID that country, except in the case of citizens of a colony, when they shall be eligible to represent the mother country in any such meeting if such colony is not represented by membership of the lA.A.F. f:Iaving once represented any Member in a meeting which comes within the categories defined in l(a) and l(b), no contestant may thereafter represent any other Member except in the following circumstances: (a) The incorporation of one country in another. (b) The creation of a new country ratified by treaty.

IA,A.F. of the national governing body of a colony not' previously directly represented by a Member. (cl) A change of citizenship of a woman by marriage. (e) Residence in a country for at least three years since the datt) when the athlete last represented another Member. and, if there are legal provisions comfor acqu.iring citizenship of that pliance with such provisions. The of residence may be reduced to one year, If the two Members concerned agree and if the Council of the I.A.A.F. approves.

RULE 13 World, Area and Group Championships I.-The LA.A.F. alone shall have the right to organise or sanction World. Area or Group Championships for Athletics. 2.-The Olympic Games shall be regarded as World Championships. 3.-8anction of the lA.A.F. is required for all Area or Group Championship5 or Games, for Inter-Continental matches and for any other athletic meetings in which teams from five or more countries participate except where otherwise provided by the Rules. The applicati.on for sanction must be made to the LA.A.F. accompamed by a fee of ÂŁ25- sterling. (or its equivalent in currencies) by the sponse -mg Member for such sanctIon except for the Olympic Games. All application forms must be completed in detail and lodged at the headquarters of the LA.A.F. by registered post not later than TWELVE MONTIIS prior to the date of the Area or Group Championships or Games in question. must that countries to whom InVItatIOns are sent are m membership of the lA.A.F. and any other country wishing .to participate must apply to the lA.A.F. for membershIp, RULE 13

55 which must have been granted prior to their entry Ldng accepted. Such applications must be received by the LA.A.F. Office at least three months before the date of the opening of the promQtion concerned. The I.A.A.F. shall not sanction any Area or Group Championships or Games without first having an unqualoified undertaking that the necessary permISSIon for visiting athletes to enter the count!)' the competition is to be held will be forthcommg suffiCIently far ahead to enable them to travel and compete at the these games. Should it subsequently transpire undertakings cannot be fulfilled, the CompetItion shall be transferred to another country which can fulfil the guarantee. 4.-The lA.A.F. shall designate a representative to attend each Area or Group Championships of Games at the expense of the organisers to ensure the and are cOJ;npIJeo WIth..The regulations of the travelling expenses of thIS representatIve shall be paId. to pnor him by the Organisers not later than to departure to the venue. The chOice of aIrlme shaU be left to the discretion of the representative and in cases involving flights over one thousand five hundred miles first class return air travel shall be provided. Accommodation expenses shall also be paid by the Organisers not later than the final day of the championships or the athletic section of the games. Such representative shall render his report to the I.A.A.F. within thirty days thereafter. . (See also Rule 141 (3) and (4) re women competitors.) RULE 14 Expenses I.-The following rules shall apply to the expenses allowed to any athlete competing in an international meeting as defined in Rule 12, or taking part in an athletic meeting in a foreign country. These shall be limited to the daily allowance and to the actual outlay for travelling, meals and lodging. RULE 14

1 56 2.-The daily allowance for the out-of-pocket expenses to athletes during their stay in a foreign cou'ntry must not exceed D.S. $3, or the equivalent in other currencies, and must be paid through the team manager. National governing bodies must strictly contransactions. trol all finL. (b) must be made through the National governing bodies of the countries concerned and save in the exceptional circumstances set out below, no payments whatsoever may be made to the athlete himself nor to any person on his behalf. (c) The athlete's own national governing body may authorise the national governing body under whose jurisdiction he is for the time being competing, to refund to the athlete actual essential expenses for travelling, lodging, and at the conclusion of the commeals petition such national body shall forward to the athlete's national body a detailed statement of all such payments. (cl) Where any advance payment is necessary to enable an athlete to obtain refreshment en route, or expend money on travelling or accommodation which cannot be provided by supplying tickets or vouchers, this must be advanced to the athlete by his own governing body, who will obtain reimbursement from the governing body where the competition takes place. 4.-No monetary payment or other consideration of any nature may be made directly or indirectly for any person other than the athlete, whether friend, relative or otherwise in connection with or resulting from the entry, appearance or participation of the athlete in any event except that the expenses of the athlete's bona fide team manager or coach who will accompany the athlete to any competition may be paid. Such expenses, however, must be paid directly to such team manager or coach and may in no event be paid to the athlete, and shall not exceed the amounts allowable to the athlete hereunder and such team manager or coach shall furnish to the athlete's national governing body the same detailed

57 statement of all such payments made otherwise than the. atJ1lete's national governmg body as is reqUIred herem m respect of the athlete. period of anyone calendar year for an athlete rr:tay receIve money is limited exclUSIve of the tIme taken in travelling. to 28 of these days from one calendar year to the IS n?t allowed. Competition in Area or Group or or the athlete is represent.mg hIS country m genume mternational matches countries is excluded from this rule. Only agamst the C?UncI.! of the. I.A.A:F. is empowered to grant extenSIOns m exceptIOnal CIrcumstances. is one where with the authority of NQTEs.-:-(i) A the governmg bodtes concerned the competition is anas between teams representinf? two or more countrzes. Each team should be selected by the gOfJerning body concerned. A tea"!% consisting of a small number of athletes zs not recogmsed as an international team for the purpose of this definition. (ii)

provided for an athlete's dependants in the ID.C.. Rule in respecu of athletes' zn the Olympzc Games does not constitute a vzolatzon of the [AA.F. Rule.

(!ii) Tl:e of Rule 14 do not apply to an athlete zn a foretgn but only to one visiting a foretgn country to take part zn one Or more competitions.

ss RULE 15 Material Assistance Material assistance in the form of goods and services provided for athletes to assist them in training or competition must be controlled by the national governing bodies concerned. If an athlete is authorised to avail himself of the services of a doctor for medical treatment or a masseur or coach, accounts should be submitted and payments made direct to the doctor, masseur or coach and not through the athlete. When manufacturers are prepar,ed to provide free issues of implements or personal eqlllpment, distribution shall be controlled through the national governing body.

RULE 16 Advertising within the Arena At International meetings within Categories l(a), (b) and (c) of Rule 12, advertising within the arena by the running track or elsewhere where competItion IS taking place is not permitted. Manufacturers' or trade marks on equipment used within the arena must be limited to one mark on each .pIece. of equipment which must not exceed the followmg size: 15 cm. X 2!- cm. (6 in. X 1 in.). There is no objection to advertising material .outside the stadium, or inside the stadium but outside competition area. Advertisements may also III programmes and on notices or posters of the meetmg. Meeting organisers may also acknowledge the sponsors of meetings by official announcements made at the commencement of the meeting and immediately after the last event.

RULES 15-16

RULES RELATING TO EUGIBIUlY OF ATHLETES TO COMPETE UNDER INTERNATIONAL AMATEUR ATHLETIC FEDERATION RULES RULE 51 Definition of Amateur An amateur is one who competes for the love of sport and a means of recreation, without any motive of securmg any material gain from such competition. RULE 52 Restriction of Competition to Amateors Competition under International Amateur Athletic Federation rules is restricted to amateur athletes who are under the jurisdiction of a Member of the lA.A.F. and who are eligible to compete under the rules as laid down by the International Amateur Athletic Federation. RULE 53 Ine6gibility for International Competition persons are ineligible to take part in The competItIons under International Amateur Athletic Federation rules. Any person who, since reaching the age of 16, (1) has competed in any sport for any pecuniary reward; (ii) has taken part in any athletic meeting in which o,f the competitors were, to bis knowledge, mehglble to compete under International Amateur Athletic Federation rules' (iii) has ever received any pecuniary consideration for teaching, !.raining or coaching in any sport; NOTE.- Phystcal education teachers whose work is educational and who are not paid directly Or tndtrectly for the coaching of athletes for competitions are eligible to compete as amateurs.

RULES 51-53

60 (iv) has at any time been financially interested in apy athletic meeting in which he was entered;

'J '1

] I

upon (v) writes, lectures or broadcasts for any track or field event or competitIOn wIthout of his nati?nal the prior body. This permIssIon must be gIven only JIl the case of a person who is genuinely making a career in that particular activity. (vi) receives, directly or indirectly, any compensation for using or the any chandise whatsoever; 'merchandIse shall mclude anything sold or any service supplied to the public;

61 (x) accepts directly or indirectly any money or other consideration for expenses or loss of earnings, other than what is permitted under Rule 14. (xi) uses drugs as defined in Rule 144 ("Doping"). (xii) is, and for so long as he remains, ineligible to compete in competitions under the jurisdiction

of hiS national governing body;

(xiii) enters into a contract or agreement to compete as a professional athlete. NOTE.-Suspensions and Reinstatement - see Rule 11.)

(vii) allows his name or his picture, static or moving, to be used dIrectly or mdlrectly to advertise any merchandise;

N OTE.-W hen and where it is pt"oved that the name or the picture of the athlete 'was used for the purpose of this paragraph without his kno'Zoledge, the indemnity to be collected from the persvn or persons responsible for the injury,. privately agreed or stipulated by the Courts, wIll revert to the Federation to which the athlete belongs.

RULE 54 Guarantee by National Governing Body

In any competition under International Amateur Athletic Federation rules, the eligibility of any athlete competing shall be guaranteed by the governing body of the country to which the athlete belongs.

.·•·•·.·.••··· 1.

.'!:

(viii) while training or competing, displays on his the person any advertising material accepted name of his club or organISatIOn, or takes on to any arena or course any form of advertising material. This rule shall apply to travellthe competitors' numbers, clothing ing bags, but does not apply to artIcles not clearly visible; (See also Note-Rule 142, para. 5.) which is not (ix) takes part in any sanctioned, recognIsed or certIfied by t.he Member in the country in which the event IS held.

RULE 54

DIVISION III ATHLETIC RULES fol' MEN'S AND WOMEN'S INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIONS Note:-Alterations to Competition rules apprO'Oed by Congress in 1972 'are indicated by vertical lines in the page margins. All such changes come into force on 1st May, 1973. RULE 101 All international competitions shall be held under the rules of the International Amateur Athletic Federation and this shall be stated in all announcements, advertisements, programmes and printed matter. The rules as laid down shall be applicable to men's and women's competitions. NOTE.-lt is recommended that National Associations should adopt the rules of the I.A.A.F. for the conduct of their own athletic meetings. SECTION I Officials of the Meeting RULE 111 The list laid down in this rule comprises those officials considered to be necessary for principal international meetings. The organisers are at liberty to vary this where local circumstances require. MANAGEMENT OFFICIALS

One Manager One Secretary One Technical Manager JURY OF ApPEAL COMPETITION OFFICIALS

IU.J"LES 101, 111

One Referee for Track Events One (or more) Referees for Field Events One Referee for Walking Events Four (or more) Judges for Track Events

Four (or more) Judges for Field Events Four (or more} Judges for Walking Events Four (or more) Umpires for Track Events Three (or more) Timekeepers One (or more) Starters One (or more) Recall Starters One or more Starter's Assistants or Marksmen One (or more) Lap Scorers One Recorder One Marshal One or more Wind Gauge Operators ADDITIONAL One (or more) Announcers OFFICIALS One Official Surveyor One (or more) Doctors Stewards for Competitors, Officials and Press. The principal official of each event should be indicated I1 by a distinctive armband or badge. If deemed necessary, assistants may be appointed. Care should however be taken to keep the arena as free from officials as possible. y.'here women's events are held there shall be apas many women officials as may be appropriate, mcludmg a woman doctor when possible. For the duties of officials see the following rules. , RULE 112 'The Manager The Manager shall have charge of the Meeting and be responsible for the proper carrying out of the programme. He shall see that all officials have reported for and when necessary shall appoint substitutes' and ID co-operation. with the appointed Marshal, ar;ange that only authOrIsed persons are allowed in the centre of the arena. RULE 112

. I

-[ r:

RULE 113 The Secretary The Secretary shall be responsible for the calling of other committees. the meetings of the executive shall prepare all minutes relatmg- thereto. He shall be m charge of all administrat!ve. arrangements. and shall .receive and conduct all pnncIpal correspondence relatmg to the Meeting. RULE 114 The Technical Manager The Technical Manager shall act under !he Manager of the Meeting and be responsIble for seemg that the track. runways. circles. arcs. sectors and pits for field events are la}d out. also all e9uipment is according to specificatIon and readIly available for approval by the appointed Referee. and that scoring. result and time recording cards are prepared. (Also see Rule 116. para. 2. and Rule 126.) RULE 115 Jury of Appeal In Area or Group Games or Championships. a Jury of Appeal which should normally consist of not less than three nor more than five persons shall be The primary function of the Jury shall be to deal WIth all protests under Rule 147. and with anÂĽ other arising during the course of the meetmg whIch are referred to them for decision. Their decision shall be final. . . While in general Jury should not intervene m .the course of a meeting. If they observe any matter in their opinion. requires correction. should such matter with the responsible offiCial and offer adVIce as to what should be done. Decisions involving points which are not covered by the Rules shall be reported subsequently by the President of the Jury to the Honorary Secretary of the

lA.A.F.

RULES 113-115

65 RULE 116 Referees I.-A separate Referee shall be appointed for track events. for field events and for events outside the stadium. 2.-It shall be the responsibility of a Referee to see that the rules' are observed (also see Rule 114) and decide any technical points which arise during the Meeting. and for which provision has not apparently been made in these rules. The Referee shall have jurisdiction to decide any placings in a race. only when Judges of the disputed place or places are unable to arrive at a decision. (Also see Rule 117. para. 2.-and Rule 146. -para. 1.)

3.-Referees shall allocate Judges to particular events if this has not previously arranged. specifying the duty each should carry out (e.g. circle. take-off board etc.); announce to the Judges and ensure that the competitors are informed of the number of trials to be allowed under the rules even if this has been printed in the programme; supervise the measurements of performances; check the final results and deal with any disputed points. (Also see Rule 117. para. 1.) 4.-The appropriate Referee shall have the power to exclude any competitor for improper conduct and he shall decide on the ground any protest or objection as to the conduct of a competitor. (Also see Rule 118. Rule 122 and Rule 147.) 5.-If in the opinion of the Referee circumstances arise at any meeting so that justice demands that anyÂˇ event should be contested again. he shall have power to declare the event void and such event shall be held either on the same day or on some future occasIOn. as he shall in his absolute discretion decide. (Also see Rule 142. para. 6.) 6.-The Referee shall have power to change the place of the competition in any field event. if in his opinion RULE 116

------

- - -

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the conditions justify a change. Such a change shall be. Illade only after a round is completed. 7.-Upon completion of each event the result card shall be immediately filled in, signed by the Referee and handed to the Recorder. (Also see Rule 123.)

RULE 118

RULE 117

Judges General

1.-Subject to the rules laid down by the Association and except in the case of the OlympIc Games, the organisers of the meeting shall appoint the Judges for the various events. The Referee shall al10cate the duties among the Judges. (Also see Rule 116, para. 3.) Track Events, and Road Events finishing o:n the Track. f

2.-The Judges, WilO must all operate from the same side of the track, shal1 decide the order in which the competiturs finish, and in any case where they cannot arrive at a decision shall refer the matter to the Referee, who shall decide. (Also see Rule 116, para. 2.) NOTE.-The 'Judges should be placed at least five metres (or 16ft. 6in.) from and in line with the finish and, in order that they may have a good view of the finish line, an elevated stand should be provided. A photo-finish apparatus should be available for use whenever possible as an aid to the Referee and 'Judges. (See Rule 119, para. 6 and Note to Rule 162, para. 11) Field Events

3.-The Judges shall judge, measure and record each valid trial of the competitors in all events in which the result is determined by height or distance. In the high jump and pole vault, precise measurements should be made when the bar is raised, particularly if records are being attempted At least two Judges should keep a record of all trials, checking their recordings at the end of each round. RULE 117

Umpires (Track Events) I.-Umpires are assistants to the Referee. without Dower lo give any decisions. . 2.-It shall be the duty of an Umpire to stand at such point as the RefeI;ee may determine to watch the corncetition closely and, in case of a foul or violation of the :ules by a competitor or other person, to make an immediale report of the incident to the Referee. 3.-Umpires should also be appointed to undertake the duties of supervision in relay races at the take-over

points. I:!oTE.-When an umpire observes that a runner has rtmin a different lane from his own, he should immediately nark where the runner ran outside his lane.

RULE 119 TlDlekeepers , l.-{a) There be o!ficial Timekeepers \..one of whom oe the ChIef TImekeeper) and one two alternate TImekeepers who should time the -w:mner of.every eve?t. The times recorded by the a1ternate TImekeepers watches shaH not be considered one or more of the official Timekeepers' watches to record the time. in which case the alternate TImekeepers shall be caned upon. in such order as has been previously decided, so that. in all ra.ces? watches should have recorded the official wmnmg tIme. ..(b) Each shaH act mdependently and, hIS watch to or discussing his time with wIthout other enter his time on the printed ;?rm, and after sIgnmg the form, hand it to the Chief J.1mekeeper, who may examine the watches to verify reported times. â&#x20AC;˘ (c) Ch!ef Timekeeper shaH then decide what are :he offiCial times for each competitOl, applying, as RULES 118-119

, JI

68 necessary, the provisions of this rule and provide, the 11 result for publication. (cl) In the event of two of three official watches agree· ing and the third disagreeing, the time shown by the two shall be the official time. If all three watches disagree, the time shown by the watch recording the middle time shall be the official time. (e) If the hand of the watch stops between the two lines indicating the time, the longer time shall be accep· ted. If a 1/I00th second timer is used the time shall be read from it to the nearest 0.1 second, i.e. 9.94 is read as 9.9 but 9.95 is read as ID.O. (Also see Rule 195, para. 6 (b), for Pentathlon and Decathlon events.) 2.-1f for any reason only two watches record the time of an event, and they fail to agree, the longer time of the be accepted as the official time. two 3.-Tbe time shall be taken from the flash of the pistol or approved apparatus to the moment at which any part of the body of the competitor (i.e. torso, as distinguished from the head, neck, arms, legs, hands or feet) reaches the perpendicular plane of the nearer edge of the finish line. NOTE.-(l) It is recommended that the Timekeepers should be placed at least five metres (or 16ft 6in) from and in line with the finish on the opposite side of the track to the judges, and, in order that they may have a good view of the finish line, an elevated stand should be provided wherever practicable. (2) It is desirable wherever possible (a) to record times for the second and subsequent places and (b) to record lap times in races of 800 metres and over, and, in addition, times at every 1000 metres in races of 3000 metres and over. 4.-An electrical timekeeping device, approved by the National Association of the country where the competi· \ tion is held, may be used. 5.-(a) For races up to and including one mile or its metric equivalent, including Relay races, the timing shall be to one·tenth second.

69 NOTE.-Where an electrical timekeeping device is used the times may be announced to one hundredth second (1/100 second), but shall be converted to one tenth, as indicated below,- for the permanent official result. (b) For longer races, the timing shall be to one fifth second, but shall be recorded by conversion into tenths a second (i.e. two-tenths, four-tenths, six-tenths, eIght-tenths). (c) As most electric apparatus times to 1/100 second the following conversion table shall be used for convert: ing times required to the nearest one·tenth second: Eledric To be timing:returned 05:Second Second .95 - .04 .0 .05 - .14 .1 .15 - .24 .2 .25 - .34 .3 .35 - .44 .4 .45 - .54 oS .55 - .64 .6 .7 .65 - .74 .75 - .84 .8 .85 - .94 .9 Where timing is required to one-fifth second the fol' lowing conversion table shall be used: Electric To be timing:returned as:Second Second .85 - .04 .0 .05 - .24 .2 .25 - .44 .4 .45 - .64 .6 :8 .65 - .84 timekeeping equipment shall be used in the OlympIC G.ames. World Championships and, wherever .m all Area and Group Championships. When th.IS eqUIpment is used, the time recorded shall be the offiCIal tIme as worded in paragraph 5 hereof.

70 RULE 120 The Starter and Recall Starters I.-The Starter shall have entire control of the competitors on their marks, and shall be the sole judge of any fact connected with the start of the race except as provided in (3\) below. ' 2.-In races where the competitors are not placed behind the same starting line (e.g. 200-400 metres or 220-440 yards races on circular tracks), the Starter should use a microphone connected with amplifiers opposite the starting line in each lane. Where such a device is not used, the Starter shall so place himself that the distance between him and each of the competitors is approximately the same. Where, however, the Starter cannot place himself in such a position. the pistol or approved apparatus should be placed there and discharged tby electric contact. (Also see Rule 162 for regulations relating to the start.) . 3.-The Starter or any Recall Starter shall recall the competitors by the firing of a pistol or approved apparatus in any race if in his opinion the start was not a fair one. RULE 121 Starter's Assistants (or Marksmen) I.-The Starter's Assistants shall check that the competitors are competing in the correct heat or race and that their numbers are worn properly. one on the breast and one on the back. Stations in events at all distances shall be numbered from left to right, facing the direction of running. . 2.-They must place each competitor in his correct lane or station, assembling the competitors on an line 3 metres (or 10 feet) behind the starting lme (m the case of races started in echelon similarly behind each starting line), and when so placed'they shall signal to the Starter that all is ready. When a fresh start is ordered the Starter's Assistants shall assemble the competitors again. RULES 120-121

3.-The Starter's Assistants shall be responsible for the readiness of batons for the first runners in a relay race. 4.-When the Starter has ordered the competitors to their marks, the Starter's Assistants must see that no competitor places either fingelli. hands or feet on the starting line or in front of it. If any difficulty arises they must signal immediately to the Starter. (Also see Rule 162 "The Start and the Finish".) RULE 122 Lap Scorers I.-A Lap Scorer shall keep a record of the laps covered by each con.petitor in races from 1500 metres to 5000 metres. For r:- ces exceeding 5000 metres a number of lap scorers under the direction of the Referee shall be appointed and provided with lap scoring cards 0!1 which they shall the times over each lap (as 11 to them by an offiCIal Timekeeper) of the competItors for whom they are responsible. No Lap Scorer should record. for more than four competitors. 2.-A Lap Scorer shall be appointed to notify to each competItor the number of laps which he still has final lap by the ringing to complete. He shall notify of a bell or otherwise.

RULE 123 The Recorder The Recorder shall collect the result of each event together with the times or heights or distances which be furnished to him by the Referee and Chief ..He shall as soon as possible communicate to the Announcer and, after'recording the the plac.mgs, tImes, heights or distances, he shall hand together with all cards to the Manager the offiCIal meetmg. (Also see Rule 116, para 7; and Rule

RULES 122-123

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n RULE 124 The Marshal The Marshal shall have full charge of the arena and shall not allow any pen;ons other than the officials. competitors assembled to compete. to enter and remalD therein. He shall control his assistants and assign to them their duties. He shall arrange for an enclosure to be provided for officials when not on duty. RULE 125 The AlIDOuncer The Announcer 5hall give out to the public the names and numbers of the competitors taking part in each event and all relevant information such as the composition of the heats, lanes or drawn, .and times. The result (placmgs, tImes, heIghts and distances) of each event be at !he earliest possible moment after receIpt of the mformatIon from the Recorder. (Also see Rule 123.) RULE 126 The Official Sorveyor The Official Surveyor shall. immediately prior to the meeting, survey the track and runways, and all the distances which are to be contested, also the CIrcles, arcs, sectors and other measurements relating to the field events. He shall furnish to the Technical Manager and the Referee. before the Meeting, certificates as to correctness. (Also see Rule 145. para. 4.) RULE 127 The W'md Gaoge Operator The Wind Gauge Operator shall ensure that the gauge is erected in accordance with Rule 148, paragraph 4 (h). He shall measure the direction and velocity of the appropriate in and shall then record and publIsh the results obtamed. RULFS 124-127

SECTION Il RULES FOR COMPETITION

RULE 141 Entries I.-Competitions under lA.A.F. Rules are restricted to amateurs in. accordance with the I.A.A.F. Rules relating to the eligibility of athletes to compete. (Refet to Rules 51-54) 2.--No competitor shall be allowed to compete outside his own country unless his amateur status is guaranteed in writing by the recognised governing Athletic AssocialoO untry, and he has permission from such tion of b0dy to compete. In all international competitions, such guarantee of the amateur status of an athlete shall be accepted as conclusive, for the time being, of the athlete's eligibility to compete; any objection as to his status shall be referred to the LA.A.F. Women's Events 3.-For Olympic Games and Area or Group Games or Championships, the Organising Committee shall appoint a panel of three medical doctors. Every entry for Women's events must be accompanied by a certificate issued under the provisions of Rule 141 (4) or by a photostat copy thereof, or the competitor will be required to appear before the Medical Panel appointed to act at the Meeting concerned. 4.-When an athlete has appeared before such a Medical Panel and been declared eligible to compete in Women's events, the Panel shall forward to the lA.A.F. the name of this athlete for inclusion on a Central Register. Upon request from the National Federation, the I.A.A.F. will issue a t:ertificate in respect of any Whose name appears on the Register. the case of International meetings other than OlympiC Games and Area or Group Championships. RULE 141

14 entries must be accompanied either by a certificate issued under the provisions of Rule 141 (4) or by 3 certificate signed by a qualified doctor countersigned on behalf of the NatIonal confirming that the athlete is qualified to compete m Women's events.

Failure to participate

6.-At Olympic Games and Area or GrouI? Championships. it is recommended that a competitor .be excluded from participation in further events incIudmg relays in cases where: (1) a final confirmation was given that the. athlete start in an event but then he or she faIled to partiCIpate without giving a valid reason, so that it was not practicable to delete the name officially from the list of starters for that event; (2) he or she qualified in preliminaries or heats for further participation in an event but then did not compete further without giving a valid reason. NOTE.-A fixed time tor the final confirmation of starters should be published in advance.

RULE 142 The Competition I.-No performance accomplished by an athlete will be valid unless it has been accomplished during an official competition using only equipment authorised by the rules of the LA.A.F. 2.-In matches arranged between Members of the I.A.A.F. the number of trials in the jumping and throwing events may be reduced as desired; any such arrangement should beÂˇ made previous to the meeting. (Also see Rule 171, para. 12, and Rule 181, para. 2). 3.-ln all events competitors must wear clothing which is clean and so designed and worn as not to be objectionable. The clothing must be made of a material which is non-transparent even if wet. RULE 142

75 In Olympic Games or any Area Games or Championships competitors shall participate in the uniform clothing of their National Federati9n. 4.-Competitors may compete in bare feet or with footwear on one or both feet. The purpose of shoes for competition is to give protection and stability to the feet and a firm grip of the ground; such shoes, however, must not be constructed so as to give the competitor any additional assistance. Competitors are not permitted to wear shoes which incorporate any spring or device of any kind or of which including grooves or ridges, has a total thickthe exceeding 13 millimetres (0.5 in.). The thickness of the heel must not exceed that of the sole by more than 6 millimetres (0.25 i.n.) except in walking events, where shoes may be worn of which the thickness of the heel exceeds that of the sole by not more than 13 millimetres (0.5 in.). The sole and the heel may have grooves, ridges and/or spikes. The number of spikes is limited to a maximum of six in the sole proper and two in the heel. The part of each spike which projects from the sole or the heel must not exceed 25 millimetres (l in.) in length or 4 millimetres (0.16 in.) in diameter. A shoe strap over the instep is permitted. When a competition is conducted on an all-weather track, competitors shall comply with the instructions of the Organisers as to the length of spikes. Competitors may not use any appliance either inside or outside the shoe which will have the effect of increasing the thickness of the sole above the permitted maximum of 13 millimetres (0.50 in.) or which can give the wearer any advantage which he would not obtain from the type of shoe described in the previous paragraph.

5.-Every competitor must be provided with two numbers to be worn visibly on the breast and back. The numbers must correspond with the number in tht:: programme. If track suits are worn in the competition. numbers must be worn on the track suit in a SImilar

;

76 manner. In the pole vault and high jump, the competitors may wear the number on the back front only. No competitor shall be allowed to take part In any competition without the appropriate number or numbers. At Olympic Games. and Area or Group Games or Championships. the number card may only the official name of the meeting ?r (size not to exceed 15 cm x 2.5 cm. 6 m. x 1 In.) In addition to the actual number. NOTE.-Where national governing bodies have contracts with commercial sponsors for the addition of lettering on number cards to be worn at matches with other Members and at domestic meetings, Members are recommende.d not X to permit this lettering to exceed 15cm X 2.5 cm, (6 1 in.) and to ensure that the same style of number tS tssued to all competitors taking part in the competition. 6.-Any 'Competitor across ?r obstructing another competItor so as to Impede hIS progress shall be liable to disqualification. If in any race a competitor is disqualified for any of these reasons, the Referee shall have power to order the race to be re-run excluding the disqualified competitor or. in the case of a heat, to permit any competitors affected the. act resulting in disqualification (other than the disqualIfied competitor) to compete in a subsequent round of the race. If for any reason a competitor is hampered in a trial in a field event, the Referee shall have power to award him a substitute trial. (Also see Rule 116, para. 5.) 7.-In all races run in lanes each competitor should keep his allotted lane from start to finish. This shall also apply to any portion of a race run in lanes. (Also see Rule 166 "Relay Races".) 8.-1f the Referee is satisfied, on the report of a Judge or Umpire or othe!Wise, that a ately run outside hIS lane, he shall .dIsquallfy .hIm; If the Referee considers that such actIOn was unIntentIOnal, he may at his discretion disqualify, if he is of the opinion that a material advantage was gained thereby. (Also see Note to Rule 118.)

(See below for theoretical advantages obtained by runnmg from 1 to 10 strides from 5 cm to 30 cm inside the inner border of a lane round the curves.)

Track 400 metres Stride 2.30 m Number of Strides. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Advantage Gained by Encroaching t centimetres on Inside of Lane t=5cm t=10cm t=15 cm t=30cm cm

0.4 0.7 1.1 1.4

1.8

2.2

2.5

2.9

3.3 3.6

cm 0.7 1.4 2.2

2.9 3.6 4.4 5.1 5.8 6.5 7.2

1.1

2.2

3.3 4.4 5.4 6.5 7.6 8.7

9.8

10.9

cm 2.2 4.4 6.6 8.8

10.9 13.1 15.3 17.5 19.7

21.9

Tb.is table mathematically, the theoretical advantage gained by takmg from 1 to 10 strides inside the inner border of a lane. The distances are shown in centimetres. e.g. four strides 15 cm inside gives an advantage of 4.4 cm.

9.-A competitor after voluntarily leaving the track or course shall not be allowed to continue in the race. In a competitor may leave the road with the permIssIon and under the control of a judge prothat by going off course he does not the dIstance to be covered. .In field events and Decathlon and Pentathlon events WIth permission of and accompanied by a judge, may leave the immediate area of the track durIng the progress of the competition. with the prior approval of the Referee. no officlal nor any other person withiIi the arena shall indicate any intermediate times to competitors. ll.-Except as provided in Rules 165 and 191 races and long distance walking races), durmg the progreSlS of an event no competitor shall receive

78 any assistance whatsoever from any "Assistance" includes conveying advice or informatIon to an athlete by any means. . Any athlete receiving advice or informatIOn must be cautioned by the referee and warned that a;ny repetition. he will be,debarred from further in the competition. Any performance accomplIshed up to that time will stand. 12.-1f a competitor is entered in both a track and field event. or in more than one field event takmg place simultaneously. the judges may: allow the comthat petitor to take his trials in an order different decided upon prior to the start of the comJX:tItI0!1' the competitor cannot demand to take all hIS .tfIals. m succession or to take any trials of the rounds iD whIch he has failed to appear. 13.--Subject to the provisions of paragraph 12. if a event. he shall not competitor misses his turn. in a be permitted to take the tflal so mIssed. 14.-A competitor in a field event who unreasonably dela}'5 making a trial renders himself liable to have that trial disallowed and recorded as a fault. For a second delay at any time during the he shall be debarred from taking any further tnals, but any pershall formance accomplished up to that It is a matter for the Referee to decIde. havmg regard to all the circumstances. what is an unreasonable delay. The following times. which must not be regarded as . imperative, should not normally be exceeded: (a) In the case of the High Jump, Long rump, .Trtple Jump, Shot, Discus, Hammer and Javelm, 2 mmutes; and (b) In the case of the Pole V 3 minutes. . The competitor must be notzjied by the official responsible when the period allowed for his trial has commenced.

I5.-The Referee shall have the power to change the !n field event. if in his place of the opinion the condItions Justify It. SUCh a change shall be made only after a round has been completed.

79 16.-.6xcept in the case of relay races run in lanes (see Rule 166). competitors may not make check-marks or place objects on or alongside the running track for their assistance. . 17.-In international matches where the result of a match is to be determined by the scoring of points, the method of sC01;ing will, unless otherwise agreed by all the competing countries before fhe meeting. be as follows: (a) Where there are two teams with two competitors in each event: 5. 3. 2. 1. (b) Where there are three teams with two competitors in each event, or two teams with three competitors in each event, or six teams with one competitor in each event: 7. 5.4. 3. 2. 1. (c) In relay races with two teams: 5. 2. In relay with three teams: 7. 4. 2. In relay races w:th six teams: 7. 5. 4, 3. 2. 1. NOTE.-The scoring system set out above is based on the number of athletes (or teams in relay races) entitled to compete in each event, and will not be changed if the number actually competing in any event is smaller.

RULE 143 Rounds, Heats and Qualifying Competitions Track Events

I.-Preliminary rounds (heats) shall be held in track events in which number of competitors is too large to allow the competitIOn to be conducted satisfactorily in a single round (final). 2.-The heats and qualifying competitions shall be arranged by the Committee conductino the Meetin o except in the Olympic Games when the0 Council of I.A.A.F. wiII act. The representatives of each nation shall be placed as far as possible in different heats, which shall be so arranged that not less than six competitors shall qualify for the final. NOTE.-It is recommended, when heats are being that the latest standard performances by tIle competztors be taken into consideration and the heats so

RULE 143

81 80

arranged that normally the best performers should reach

final.

3.-In any competition where there are more competitors than can be placed in the first roW, the draw for stations shall be by nations, when one competitor from each nation shall be .placed in the order of the draw. Additional starters from any nation shaH then be placed behind, in the same order. 4.-A competitor shall not be allowed to compete in a heat other than the one m which his name appears, except in circumstances which in the opinion of the Referee justify an alteration. . 5.-In all preliminary rounds, at least the first and second in each heat shall qualify for the next round, and it is recommended that where possible at least three in each heat should qualify. The other cpmpetitors to qualify for the next round shall be decided either according to their placings or according to their times. Where competitors are to qualify by times, the order in which the heats are run shall be decided by draw after these rounds have been made up. 6.-The following minimum times must be allowed when practicable, between the last heat of any round and the first heat of a subsequent round or final: 45 minutes Up to and including 220 yards . Over 220 yards and up to and in90 minutes cluding 1000 metres 3 hours Over 1000 metres- .. ; Field Events 7.-In any field event, a qualifying competition may be held if necessary, to decide who shall compete in the competition proper. The qualifying conditions shall be arranged by the conducting the except in the OlympiC Games when the Council of the I.A.A.F. will act. The competitors shall compete in the order drawn by lot and, where possible, their names shall be placed in the programme in the order drawn. In a qualifying competition, apart from the High Jump and Pole Vault, \\

eac? competitor shall be allowed three trials. A competItor once having achieved the qualifying standard not be allowed to continue qualifying com.. of the qualifymg competition the : . . tltlOn. At the competmg m the competition proper shall be order determmed by a fresh drawing by lot. major competitions where there are enough to warrant it, it is recommended that the qualzfym:g competition be divided into i'wo or more groups. The second group start the competition immediately !he first group has finzshed, unless there are facilities for the two groups to compete at the same time. RULE 144 Doping . 1. -D op!ng 1?efore or during competition is forbidden. 2:-Dopmg IS the use by or distribution to a comwhich could have the effect pet!tor of of Improvmg the competitor's physical and/or uental condltlOn and so augmenting his athletic performance. for the purpose of this rule, . 3.-Doping mclude the followmg:(a) Psychomotor. stimula".t drugs, e.g. Amphetamine benzphetaI?me, cocame dimethylamphetamme, ethylamphetamme, fencamfamin, fenproporex, methylamphetamine, methylphenidnorpseudo pemoline, phendimetraphenmetrazme, phentermine, pipradol, proImtane,and related compounds. (b) amines: ephedrine, methylephednne, methoxyphenamine, and related compounds. (c) IHiscellaneous .central nervous system stimulants: anuphenasole, bemigride, nikethamide, strychn.lOe, and r.elated compounds. (d) Narcotzc e.g. morphine, heroin, methadextromoramide, dipipanone. done, (e) Anaboltc ster01.ds. RUf.E 144

82 The above list is not necessarily comprehensive. Ca5es of doubt as to other substances which may be regarded as doping substances shall be referred to the Medical Committee for decision. Before any penalties are imposed under this rule. The actual doping substance must be identified beyond reasonable doubt. 4.-Anti-doping controls shall be carried out under the supervision of a Doping Committee and will take place only when ordered by the I.A.A.F. or by the Area or national governing body responsible for organising or sanctioning the meeting. The Doping Committee shall !nclude a qualified medical officer and an appropriate official of the meeting (e.g. a Technical Delegate). Where testing for doping is to be carried out, the method of selection of the athletes to be controlled shall be decided before the event by the Doping Committee. Additional dontrols or tests may be ordered after the event at the discretion of the Doping Committee. 5.-An athlete who takes part in a competition must, if so requested by the responsible official, submit to an anti-doping control. Refusal to do so will result in disqualification, and the athlete shall be reported to his national governing body, who shall inform the I.A.A.F. 6.-Medication administered by any route within 3 days of the start of the competition or event, must be declared to the Doping Committee bef'-re the competition or event, by means of official forms. 7.-A competitor found to have used or to be in possession of doping substances at an athletic meeting shall be diiSqualitied from the competition and reported to his national governing body. (See Rule 53, para. xi) Likewise any person assisting or inciting others to use doping substances shaH be considered as having committed an offence against I.A.A.F. rules, and thus exposes himself to disciplinary action. Any offences under this rule shall be reported by the national governing body to the I.A.A.F.

. 8.-!he detailed procedure for the conduct of tests mcludmg. the collection of urine samples, the method of analysIs. and the use of accredited laboratories, shall be by the Medical Committee of the lA.A.F. . CopIes of the current approved procedure shall be on. request by: the to responsible bodies the InfOrmatIOn and guidance of the Dopmg Committees, athletes and officials. RULE 145

Measurements and Weights I.-All measurements must be made with a certified tape or bar graduated in centimetres steel or quarter-Inches, and all implements must be weIghed on a governmentally approved balance. 2.-ln measllting the tr'l;ck, two independent measurements must be made, whIch may not differ from each by more than 0.0003 X L + 0.01 metres. where L IS the length of the track in metres. .NOTE.-This formula gives a highest permitted

difference bet'ween two measurings forÂˇ lOOm 0.04m . 400m O.13m

the distances of throwing, putting and ev.ents, that part of the tape recording must be held by an official at the the take-off the CIrcle or scratch line. Distances, if measured m. metres, shall always be recorded to the centimetre below the distance covered . e fractIOns tban one centimetre must be except th'!-t In the case of the discus, hammer and distances shall be recorded in even 2 centimetre units (e.g: 62.44m? 62.46m, etc.) to the nearest unit in feet, shall be recorded below. DIstances, If quarter-Inch below the distance covered to the except In the case of the discus, hammer and throws, shall be recorded in units of I inch to the nearest mch below. In jumping for height, ' all

RULE 145

---------

Us shall b::l made perpendicularly from the ground with a certified steel or fibre-glass tape or bar to the lowest part of the upper side of the bar. NOTE.-For measurements for World Records for all field events, see Rule 148 (4) (d). 4.-A scientific measuring apparatus. such as a datum line the accuracy of which is approved by the Governmental Weights and Measures department of the country where the events are held. may be used. 5.-In events over roads. the course shall be measured one metre from the verge of the road and in the direcshall be tion of the race. A certificate of furnished by the official surveyor-see Rule 126. It is recommended that a wheel of exact circumference which will record on a counter the number of revolutions be used. The speed of operation of the wheel should not exceed 3 miles or 5000 metres per hour and the counter mU$t be checked against a stretch of roadnot running!track-not less than one kilometre in length accurately measured by a surveyor's cham, steel tape or fibre-glass tape. See also Rules 126. 165 and 191. NOTE.-Instructions setting out the recommended method ot measuring rood courses may be obtained on application to the office ot the I.AA.F.

RULE 146

TIes Ties shall be decided as follows: Track Events I.-In the event of a tie in any heat which affects the qualification of competitors to compete in the next round or final. where practicable, the tying competitors shall both qualify, failing which they shall compete again. In case of a tie for first place in any final, the Referee is empowered to decide whether it is practicable to arrange for the competitors so tying to compete again. If he decides it is not, the result will stand. Ties in other placings shall remain. RULE 146

85 Field Events 2.-In jumping or vaulting for height: If it concerns the first place: (I) The competitor with the lowest number of jumps at the height at which the tie occurs shall be awarded the higher place. (ii) If the tie still remains. the competitors tying shall have one more jump at the height at which they failed, and if no decision is reached. the bar shall be .Iowered or raised to the heights previously deCIded upon and announced according to Rule I71 They shall then attempt one jump at each heIght until the tie is decided. Competitors so tying must jump on each occasion when deciding the tie. (b) If it concerns any other place. the competitors sha!l. be awarded the same place in the competitIOn. 3.-1/1 those field events where the result is determined by distance, the second best performance of the competitors tying shall decide the tie. If the tie still remains, the third best. and so on.

RULE 147 Protests I.-Protests concerning the of an athlete to participate in a meeting must be made. prior to the of such meeting. to the Jury of Appeal, or, If no Jury has been appointed, to the Referee. If the matter cannot be settled satisfactorily prior to the meeting. the athlete shall be aIIowed to compete "under protest" and the matter be referred to the Council of the I.A.A.F. 2.--Protests relating to matters which develop during the carrying through of the programme should be made at once. and not later than within thirty minutes after the result has been officially announced. The Organisers the meeting shall be responsible for ensuring that the tIme of the announcement of all results is recorded.

RULE 147

3.-An y protest shall :n the first instance be made orally to the Referee by the athlete himself or by someone acting on his behalf. The Referee may decide on the protest or may refer the matter to the Jury. If the Referee makes a decision, there shall be a right of appeal to the Jury. An application to the Jury of Appeal must be ;n writing signed by a responsible official on behalf of the athlete and must be accompanied by !1 deposit of ÂŁ5.00 or its equivalent before the appeal heard. The deposit will be forfeited if the protest IS considered to be frivolous. RULE 148 World Records i.-Wh en a World Record is to be claimed, the in the country where the record perl.A.A.F. to formance was made shall proceed WIthout the sh estabh to ed collect all the information requir record. 2.-Th e official application form of the I.A.A.F. be filled in and forwarded to the lA.A. F. office wlthm six months. If the application concerns a foreign a duplicate of the form shall be sent to the NatIOnal Association of the athlete in question. 3.-A World Record shall be accepted for consideration if the application form is submitted by the Member where the record was made and 's certified by the Referee, Judges and Recorder of the Meeting as to: . date; time of day; place; nt of gradIe or condition of track or field; level ... ground; state of weather; force and dIrectIon of wmd; correctness as to the distance covered by the competitor in a race; correctness of announced time, distance or height. of implement. weight, measurement and the lA.A. F. of rules c athletI the that nce and assura ed. follow strictly have been RULE 148

87 4.-Th e following conditions shall apply to all World Records: (a) The record has beenÂˇ approved by the National Association of the country where the record was . made. (b) The record must be made out of doors. and must not have been made on a wooden surface. Running and .wal.king records may be. made only on a track. which IS not banked and will be recognised only If the track has a raised border as specified (1) or in the case of a grass track in d and flagged in accordance marke IS It only If . with Rule 161 (1). walking records .must be timed by (c) offiCIal Timekeepers, as prOVIded in Rule 119 (accepted by the National Association as such), whose watches must have been exhibited to the Chief Timekeeper for confirmation of the time 11 recorded. Times recorded by approved fully 119) Rule (see s device automatic electrical timing may be accepted. in field .events must be measured by three (d) a certified steel or fibre-glass FIeld Judges centImetres, or by a scientific In ted tape, gradua by the Governmental ed approv atus appar ment of the country depart res Measu and ts Weigh where the event is held. Measurements for World Records for field events must be made and submitted in metres to the nearest centimetre below, except that in the case of the discus, javelin and hammer throws the disshall be recorded in even 2 centimetre Ulllts to the nearest unit below (e.g. 62.44, 62.46. etc.) For the information of memb er countries these recm'ds will also be shown in feet and incheS. (e) The record must be made in a bona fide scratch

which has been duly fixed and ad.vertlsed before the day and is included in the prmted programme of the meeting together with

89 the names of the entrants for the event. and has been sanctioned, recognized or certified by the l.A.A.F. Member for the country in which the event is held. A race must be stated over one distance only. It is, therefore, not considered a bona fide scratch competition If any of the at?letes comnete at a shorter distance than others m the same race. In deciding whether the competition was a bona fide one, the I.A.A.F. will consider whether .the claimant was unfairly assisted towards the accomplished by pacing fror;n an?ther competitor apparently designed to assist him to achieve a record. It is pc:rmissible for the same athlete to acconl plish in the same race any number of records, but it is not permissible for an at.hlete t<: be credited with a record at a shorter distance If he did not finish the race over the full distance for which the race had been fixed. .' In field events a handicap may be combmed with the Scratch competition. . . (f) The Organisers of the competition shaJJ. refram from stating or including in any advert!sement, of any kmd, any programme or written suggestion that any event Win be an attempt upon a record. (g) For the 200 metres and 220 yards (including hurdles) there shan be two separate classes of records; those made on a straight course, and those on a course with bends. Records over these distances races nvt started on a perimeter shall be cJassllled as made on a straight course. Records made on tracks <:f more than 440 vards perimeter shan be classified as straight course records unless at least 100 metres -110 yards-is run around bends. 220 yards For any record at any distance to be recognised, the hack v!l It was made must not exceed 440 yards m peflmeter and the .L

must have started on some part of the penmeter. The limitation as regards perimeter does not apply to steeplechase events where the water jump is placed outside a normal 400 metres or 440 yards track. On any track with more than eight lanes. records made in' any lane beyond the eighth shall in the 200 metres or 220 yards be classified as "Straight course" records. and at distances over 220 yards shall not be accepted. For walking records the track must be an oval from 350 metres (minimum) to 500 metres (maximum) with two curves and two straights from 60 metres (minimum) to 120 metres (maximum). (h) Wind Measurement-For all records up to 220 yards, andJor the long jump and triple jump, mformation as to wind conditions must be available. If the component of the wind measured in the direction of running behind the competitor for the period set out below averages more than 2 metres (6ft 6in) per second, the record will not be accepted. The per.iods for which the wind component shall be measured are as follows from the flash of the pistol or approved apparatus: 10 100 yds. or 100 m ... ... ... 100 m hurdles 13 no m or 120 yds. hurdles ... ... 15 ;ds. } straight (inc. hurdles) ... 20 In 200 metres or 220 yards (including hurdles) run on a curve, the component shall be measured for a period of 10 seconds, commencing as the enter.the straight. In the Long Jump and Triple Jump It shall be measured for a period of 5 seconds from the time a competitor passes a mark placed alongside the runway. in the case of the Long Jump 40 metres and in the case of the Triple Jump 35 metres, from the take-off boardÂˇ or if the competitor runs less than 40 or

I '

90 . he metres, as case may be, from the tune commences hIs r u n . . . In each case the averag e WInd speed dUrIng the prescribed period will be calculated. . . When the wind speed is taken into consIderatIon, the wind measu ring instrument shall be up half way down the straight and, for the 20 mette s from the take-off board . The Instrument shall be not more than 2 metres fror the track or run-u p and should be approXImate y 1 22 metre s (4ft) high. The record must be better than or equal to the (i) result in the latest World Recor d list, in .the in uestion. If a record at a longer dIstance IS betier than the existing for a distance, a claim may be submItted for recor at both distances. . (J) In a race tun in lanes, no record be where the runne r has run on or mSlde the Inner curved borde r of his lane. In the case of women's records, unless . the (k) athlet e's name appea rs on tht> regIster ( Rule 141 para. 4), an apphcat!on must see accom anied by a medical as be d P n up by a quali':::o.d doctor to sex,.lserdawLy the Natio nal'\s sociat ion of the recogD athlete claiming the record. A rela record may be made onl.y by a team (l) whose are citizens of a country. Citizenship be obtamed In anI;. the ways referred to In Rule 12, f A colon which is not in separa te members Jp 0 th I A F shall be deemed for the purpose of thfs to 'be part of its mother country. 5 When a record is claimed for the or .h conditions imposed for recogDls:ng . t 'dual events must have been complIed In IndJvI rei will be recognised even though WIth, a recoex ceeded 2 metres per second as \ the wmd assIstance

91 specified in RUle 148, parag raph 4 (h) above, provided (I it was not more than 4 metres per second. 6.-Re cords made in heats or qualifying competitions, in deciding ties, and in individual events in Penta thlon and Decathlon competitions will be accepted. 7.-Th e President and the Honor ary Secretary of the I.A.A .F. together are authorised to recognise World Records. If they are in any doubt wheth er or not the record should be accepted, the applic ation shall be referred to the Council for decision. The I.A.A.F. will inform the Memb er applyi ng for a Wodd Recor d of the acceptance of the record or will state the reason Why the record was not accepted. 8.-Th e lA.A. F. office shall keep lists of the World and Olympic RecQrds. These lists shall be revised once a year and a copy forwarded to each memb er of the I.A.A .F. 9.-Me mber s of the lA.A. F. shall keep a list of the Natio nal Records in their own countries. Copies of these lists shall be forwarded to the I.A.A .F. office in Janua ry each year. NOTE .-(1) The of/it;ial World Record plaques, as designed by the I A A.F. for presentation to World Record holders, 'lUZ11 be supplied by the loA.A.F. provided National Associations remit the cost. (2) Refer to Rule 381 as to eoents for which World Records are apprO'Ded. (3) It is recommended that National Associations should adopt similar rules to the abO'De for the recognition of their own records. . .' RULE 149 Official Imple ments I.-In all international competitions the implements used must comply with the specifications for official implements adopte d by the lA.A. F. set out in Rules 201-216. RULE 149

2.-Al l such implements shall be .pro,:ided by the organisers of the meeting. No competitor IS allow et to use any other implements, with the exception of vau tmg les and starting blocks, in which case they may. use own, provided these comply with the laid down in the rules. (Also see Rules 173 an . (Vaulting Pole) and Rules 162 para. 9 and 215 (Startmg Blocks) ).

SECT ION III RUNNI NG EVENT S

RULE 161 Track and Lanes (See diagra m) I-Th e runnin g track should be not less than 7.32 bordered .of metres (24 ft.) in width and if possible 5 le sUItab other or the inside with cement, wood an .t more not and , height in 5 ntimetres (2 in.) (2 in.) in width ..Where it is not possIble. fOJ 5 a the inner ed$e of

ingwidth.. Where it is a grass d at mtervals of 5 metres or flagge be . so must d way , h any competItor runmn g on a groun e t with s degree 60 of angle an at placed h 11 I

---1 ,.:22.. ("'FT)

.t,..

/50..,/..,

WOOD OR (2 ') CONCRf; TE

(1FT)

+ ----r---====----===:---=:::::::::=:::= It(50 ...'...... (....) ..

-====2'00=...

,Âˇn.. (-4FT)

==== ==== -L_= RULE 161

TAPE OR CH"'LK

= _

(SO)

MEAS U R EME NT

LINE ALL OTHER. LANES.

93 from the track. Flags approximately 25 centimetres (IO in.) by 20 centimetres (8 in.) in size mounted on a staff 45 centimetres (I8 in.) long are the most suitable for the purpose. See Rule 148{4) (b) for requirements for recognition of World Records. 2.-Th e mea'surement shall be taken 30 centimetres (l ft.) outward from the inner border of the track or where no border exists, 20 centimetres (8 in.) from the line marking the inside of tile track. 3.-(a) In all races up to"and includ ing 440 yards, each competitor shall have a separate lane, with a minimum width of 1.22 metre s-4 feet-a nd a maximum width of 1.25 metre s-4 feet 1i inche s-to be marked by lines 5 centim etres- 2 inche s-in width. The inner lane shall be measured as stated in parag raph 2 above. but the remaining lanes shall be measured 20 centimetres (8 in.) from the outer edges of the lines. NOTE .-The line on the right hand only ot each lane shall be included in the measurement ot the width of each lane. (See diagram.) (b) In 4 X 400 metres, or 4 X 440 yards relay races, the first lap as weB as the part of the second lap as far as the exit from the fiist bend of the second lap will be run entirely in lanes. In 4 X 200 metres or 4 X 220 yards relay races, the first two stages as well as the part of the third stage up to the exit from the first bend of the third stage will be run entirely in lanes. The competitors are free to take over any position on the track at the entrance to the following straight which shall be marked with a flag set on a post at least 1.50 metres (5 ft.) high on each side of the track and a line 5 centimetres (2 in.) wide across the track. The distance from start to finish shall be measured in such a wa'y that the competing teams shall each run the same distance of 4 X 400 metres (4 X 440 yards) or 4 X 200 metres (4 X 220 yards). (See also Rule 166, "Rela y Races"). (For recommended method of setting out the starts. see diagram.)

---------

94 NOTE.-ln the

4 X 400 metres or 4 X 400 yards Relay

where not more than three teams are competing, it is recommended that only the first bend of the first lap should be run in lanes.

(c) In Olympic Games and all Area or Group Games or Championships, the 800 metres (880 yards) event shall be fi.ln in lanes as far as the end of the seco.nd bend, the maximum number of available lanes bemg used. f The starts shall be so staggered that the rom start to finish shall be the same for each competItor. NOTE.-(l) In international matches use of. lanes will be by agreement between the compettng count".es..

4.-The direction of running shall be left-hand mSlde. 5.--ln international meetings the track should allow for at least six lanes. 6.-The maximum allowance for lateral of tracks shall not exceed 1 : 100 and the inclmatlon m the running direction shall not exceed 1 : 1000. .

NOTE.It is recommended that where poSStble the letlgth of the track should be not less than 400. metres or 440 yards and the width should allow for e2E,ht lanes, particularly in major e'Vents, such as the Olymp1c Games and Area Championships.

I-A 111151 I.IE •• AI, fIrI. 1,4. A'. 1#.

t I•• 11.

sum •

IESf£tnn UIIES

A-A 311 ca 1I .. 1\" POIIIlS If emuEMEIl mM \.lIES

SETTING OUT STARTS FOR 800 METRES (880 YARDs) WHERE THE FIRST Two CuRVES ARE RUN IN LANES.

As the runners are permitted to leave their respective lanes on. the finishing straight on the first lap, the startmg posItIons must care for two factors. First, the normal echelon allowance which would be applicable were the race to Be of 400 metres (440 yards) starting at the same point on the track; and secondly an adjustment to the starting point in each lane to compensate for the in the. (:>uter lanes having farther to go to reach the mSlde poSItIon on the track at the end of the finishstraight than those in the inside lanes. The followmg method of arriving at the starting position in each lane is recommended. 1. ¥ark Bl .the ins!de lane at the point of entry mto the fiOlshmg straIght 30 centimetres (12 in.) from the inside kerb. 2. F!x point Y, which is the point in the outer lane on a through Bl 20 centimetres (8 in.) from the lOner lIne of the lane and the same distance from the finish lineA A as point Bl. 3. Fix point C, which is the point on the path of the runner, namely 30 centimetres (12 in.) from the inside kerb on the finishing line AA. 4. With radius C Bl describe an arc across the X. This line must be flagged at each end to mdlcate to the runners that they may leave their lanes at this stage. 2 to 6 this point can be determined by the . For of X and the path of the runner, WhICh IS 20 centImetres (8 in.) from the line marking the inside of his lane. 5. The correct adjustment to the starting positions can now be determined. The normal starting position in each lane for a 400 metre race must be advanced by the distance the pomts. of denouement from the lanes, viz.: B2 B3 B· B5 B6 are m adva.nce of the line Bl Y.

-------

---------

96 indication of the distance by which the normal starting position in each lane must be advanced can b:e seen from the following calculations, where la!1e IS the standard width of 1.22 metres and the straIght IS 80 metres long: Lane 1 + zero. 2 + 1 cm. " 3 + 3.5 cm. u 4 + 8.4 cm. u 5 + 14.5 cm. 6 + 23.5 cm. 7 + 33.5 cm. " 8 + 44.5 cm. " l.-Since the first runner in each team has to cover has to the full lap in lanes and the second in his lane until entry to the back straIght, the followlDg method should be adopted to determine the echelon starting positions for the first runner in each team: Inside lane S1 identical with Al. Lane 2 S2 = A 2 plus normal stagger for 200 metres. Lane 3 S3 = A:I plus normal stagger for 200 metres. Lane 4 S4 = A 4 plus normal stagger and so on. for 200 metres. for the 400 Note: The positions A2, AS, A\ etc. stagger, plus the adjustments as set out in the Table on the preVIOUS page. 2.-The central line of the first take-01Jer. zones can determined by advancing the normal startmg m each lane for a 200 metre race by the distance the pomts of denouement from the lanes. viz. B2 HI B4 B3 B6 are in advance of the line B 1 y, The take-over zone will be within two lines set out 10 metres either side of this central line in each lane. 3.-The. take-over zones for the second and last takeovers will be the normal 10 metre lines either side of the start/finish line AA.

97 FOR

SETTING OUT STARTS AND CHANGE OVER AREAS 4 x 400 METRES (4 440 YARDs) RELAY WHERE

ONE

LAP PLUS

ONE COMPLETE CURVE IS

RUN IN

LANES IDENTIW. III ARC

B' X1800 III diagrlllll

I I I

30 CIlI A- A nf.ISII LlIIE 5',5 1, sJ, 54,5 5, 5', START POSITIONS Is! RUK1IERS

A', Al)l, A', AS, AI, START POSITIONS BOOm RACE CENTRAL LINES FIAST TAlE-OYER ZONE OOTTED LINES DENOTES 20 m ZONE FlIl FIISl TAlE

c',c l, C', c', c',

2Dm

4.,-The arc .across the at the entry to the back straight, showmg the positIOns at which the second stage runners are permitted to leave their respective lanes, shall be identical to the arc at the entry to the straight for the 800 metres event, and must be sJnularly flagged.

-----

98 RULE 162

The Start and the Fmish I.-The start and the finish of a race shall be denoted by a line 5 centimetres (2 in.) in width at right angles to the inner edge of the track. The distance of the race shall be measured from the edge of the starting line further fromÂˇ the finish, to the edge of the finish line nearer to the start. Two white posts shall denote the extremities of the finish line, and shall be placed at least 30 centimetres (l ft.) from the edge of the track. (For apparatus see Rule 216 "Finish Posts".) In all races not run in lanes the starting line shall be curved so that wherever it occurs on the track all the runners start the same distance from the finish. 2.-AlI races shall be started by the actual report of. a pistol or any simil,ar apparatus fired upwards into the aIr, but not before all' the competitors are quite still on their marks. 3.-At all international meetings, the words of the Starter in his own tongue shall in races up to and including 880 yards be "On your marks", "Set", and when all Competitors are "Set", the pistol shall be fired. In races over yards. the words shall be "On your marks" and when all competitors are steady, the pistol shall be fired. 4.-If for any reason the Starter has to speak to any competitor after the competitors are on their marks, he shall order all competitors to stand up and the Starter's assistants shall place them on the assembly line again. A competitor must not touch either the start line or the ground in front of it with his hands or his feet when on his marks. 5.-On the command "Set" all competitors shall at once and without delay assume their full and final set position. Failure to comply with this command after a reasonable time shall constitute a false start. RULE 162

99 6.-If a competitor leaves his mark with hand or foot after the words "on your marks" or "Set" as the case may be, and before the pistol is fired, it shall be considered a false- start. . 7.-Any competitor making a false start must be warned. If a -competitor is responsible for two false starts or three in the case of the Pentathlon or Decathlon, shall be disqualified. 8.-The Starter or any Recall Starter who is of the opinion that the start was not a fair one, shall recall the competitors by firing a pistol. -:. NOTE.-In practice, when one or more competitors makes a false start, others are inclined to follow and, strictly speaking, competitor who dlJes so follow has also made a false start. The Starter should warn only such competitor or competitors who in his opinion were responsible for the false start. T his may result in more than one competitor being warned. If the unfair start is not due to any competitor, no warning shall be given. 9.-5tarting blocks which comply with the specifications laid down in Rule 215 may be used. Where they are used, both feet must be in contact with the ground when the competitor is in the 'set position'. In the Olympic Games and Area and Group Games or Championships competitors may use only starting blocks approved by the organisers of the meeting. In all other competitions, except those held on all-weather tracks, competitors may use their own blocks. On tracks, .the organisers may insist that only startmg blocks proVided by them may be used. 1O.--Unless in the opinion of the Referee it is unbecause of the direction and the velocity of the wmd. worsted shall be stretc'led across the track between the finish posts 1.22 metres (4 ft.) above the ground and fastened to the posts for the purpose of assisting the Referee and Judges in placing the competitors. It shall above the edge of the finish line which is be nearer to the start.

"----

101 100 H.-The competitors shall be placed in the which any part of their bodies (Le. "torso" as dIstmguished from the head. neck. arms, legs, hands or feet) reaches the nearer edge of the finish line as defined above. NOTE.-A photo-finish camera should be used where1Jer

possible; 'When it is used, it must be referred to hefore a final decision is arrived at. (See also Rule 119, para. 6.)

12.-In any race decided on the basis of the distance covered in a fixed period of time, the Starter shall fire the pistol exactly one minute before the end of the to warn competitors and judges that the race is nearmg its end. At exactly the appropriate time after the stal;1. the Starter shall signal the end of the race by agam immediately firing the pistol. tAll the Timekeepers stop their watches. The Starter shall be dIrecled oy the Chief Timekeeper. At the moment the pistol is to signal the expiration of the time. the Judges appomted for that purpose shall mark the exact spot where each competitor touched the track for the last time before or simultaneously with the firing of the pistol. The distance achieved shall be measured to the nearest metre or yard behind the rear edge of the last footprint of the competitor-. One Judge at least must be assigned to each competitor before the start of the race for the purpose of marking the distance achieved. (NOTE.-Refer also to Rules 120 and 121 for the duties of the Starter, Recall Star,ers and Starter's Assistants.)

RULE 163 . Hurdle Races I.-The following are the standard distances: MEN

WOMEN

In yards 120. 220, 440 In metres' 110. 200. 400 In metres lOO• 200 2.----MEN. There shall be ten flights of hurdles in each lane. set out in accordance with the following table: Distance of race

·Height of Hurdle

Distance from scratch line to first hurdle

Minimum Maximum metres cm cm metres 110 106.4 107.0 13.72 200 75.9 76.5 18.29 400 91.1 91.7 45 Yards Ft In. Ft In. Yards 120 3 5.89 3 6.126 15 220 2 5.882 2 6.118 20 * 440 2 11.867 3 0.102 49.25

between hurdles

Distance from last hurdle to finish line

metres metres 9.14 14.02 18.29 17.10 35 40 Yards Yards 10 15 20 20 38.25 46.5

Refer to Rule 213 for construction and standard heights of hurdles. WOMEN. There shall be ten flights of hurdles in

each lane. set out as follows: Distance of race

·Height of Hurdle

Minimum Maximum metres cm cm 100 83.7 84.3 200 75.9 76.5

Distance from Distance scratch line between to first hurdle hurdle

Distance from last hurdle to finish line

metres metres metres 13 8.5' 10.5 16 19 13

NOTE.-The tolerance allowance abO'Oe and below the standard heights is to allow for variation in the manufacture of the hurdles. RULE 163

102 3.-Al l races shall be run in lanes and each competitor shall keep to his own lane throughout. 4.-A competitor who trails his foot or leg alongside any hurdle or'jum ps any hurdle not in his own lane or in the opinion of the Referee deliberately knocks down any hurdle by hand or foot shall be disqualified. 5.-Ex cept ·as provided in parag raph 4 of this rule, the knocking down of hurdles shall not disqualify nor prevent a record being made. 6.-In establishing a World Record a complete set of hurdles of the intern ationa l type must have been used. (Refer to Rule 213.) RULE 164 Steepl echase

I.-Th e standa rd distances shall be: In metre s-300 0 (l mile 1520 yards 2 ft 8 in.). In miles -2 miles (3218.65 metres). 2.-Th ere shall be 28 hurdle jumps and 7 water jumps included in the 3000 metres event, and 32 hurdle jumps and 8 water jumps in the 2 miles event. 3.-Th e water jump shall be the fourth jump in each lap. If necessary the finish line shall be moved to another part of the track NOTE .-Owi ng to the water jump h(P)ing to be constructed on the arena inside or outside the track, thereby lessening or lengthening the normal distance of the laps, it is not possible to lay down any rule specifying the exact length of the laps nor to state precisely the position of ihe water jump. It should be borne in mind that there must be enough distance from the starting line to the first hurdle to prevent the competitors from overcrowding, and there should be approximately 68 metres or 76 yards from the last hurdle to the finish line.

RULE 164

103

EXAM ..PLE: The following measurements are fJi"'en as a and adjustments necessary should'"be made. by l.engthemng or shortem·ng the distance at tlr.e startm g pomt of the race. It is' assumed that a lap of 400 metres 01' 440 yards has been shortened by 10 metres or 10 yards by the water jump inside the track. Lap of 390 metres Lap of 430 yar. Dis.tancc from starting POint to commen cc.ment o.f Ist lap. .to be run WIthout lumps 270 metres Distance from commen ccmeiii 80 yd•• of Ist lap to 1st hurdle ' 10 From Ist to 2nd hurdle ... 10 yds. 78::: 86 yds. li'rom 2nd to 3rd hurdle ." 78 m 86 yds. From 3rd hurdle to water jump 78 m 86 yds. From water jumr. to 4th hurdle 78 m Fr,?m 4th hurd e to finishing 86 yds. hOe ... ... ... .... ... 68 m . '" 76 yds. -8Iaps,--7 laps of 390 m =2730 m of 430 yds. =3440 yds. 3000 m

3520 yds.

4.-Th e distance from the starting point to first lap shall not include any jumps until the competitors

shall be not less than 91.1 centimetres . ID. nor more than 91.7 centimetres (3 ft .. hIgh shall be at least 3.96 metres (13 ft.) ID WI t . The sectIOn of the top bar of the hurdles the. hurdle at the water jump, shall be 127 .11"' and (5 ID.) square. ml lmetres The weight each hurdle be between 80 kilo-grammes (1762 lb.) and 100 kIlogrammes (22ot 1b) hurdle shall have on either side a base between 120 Dft.. 11.244 in.) and 140 centimetres (4 ft . ID.. ee tagram).

o 10 ..

1-- ---". . . ----_ .-.1

8URDL E

104 The hurdle shall be. placed on the measur centimetres (1 ft.) of the top i1l inside edge of the t!ack, w: 6 -The water Jump, mc . h Th

30 t at the rom shall be shall 3.66 0: in and slope' to the level <?f the at the further end. The hurdle at the same firmly fixed in front of the an e

105

7.-Each competitor must go over or through the water, and anyone who steps to the one side or the other of the jump or trails his foot or leg alongside any hurdle shall be disqualified. He may jump or vault over each hurdle, or place a foot on each hurdle and on the hurdle at the water jump.

RULE 165 of the water jump.shall be cover a. d 250 cm. with suitable materIal, at least 366 cm. wIde an long. -----"

---r- '

366CM---------

91-191'7CM

FIXED HURDLE

LEVEL 70CM

- -..-' ..â&#x20AC;˘-: : ::__16cM

CONCRETE

OUTL.ET T9 DRAIN

:, :'

""",,,

reM -366CM-------

,\1 SOCM

\.------I

WATER JUMP

SCALE ,,,.,

Marathon Race (42 195 metres-26 miles 385 yards) -:- I.-The Marathon race shall be run on made-up roads; when traffic or similar circumstances make it unsuitable, the cOlJise, duly marked, may be on a bicycle path or footpath alongside the road, but not on soft ground such as grass verges or the like. The start and finish may be within an athletic arena. NOTE.--See Rule 145 (4) re measurement of course. 2.-No entry for the Marathon Race shall be accepted unless it is accompanied by a certificate signed by a qualified doctor within 30 days of the race, certifying that the competitor is fit to take part in the race. 3.-A competitor must retire at onCe from the race if ordered to do so by a member of the medical staff, officially appointed. 4.-The distance in kilometres and miles on the route shall be displaYed to all competitors. 5.-Refreshments shall be provided by the organisers of the race at approximately 11 kilometres or 7 miles and thereafter at approximately every 5 kilometres or 3 miles. In addition, the organisers shall provide sponging points where water only shall be supplied, midway between two refreshment stations. No refreshment may be carried or taken by a competitor other than that provided or approved by the organisers. A competitor RULE 165

106

] 1 1

may submit to the organisers the type of desired. and this. if approved. must then .be handed In to the organisers at a time and by them. It shall be available at the.statIOns nommate.d by the competitor. The refreshments shall placed III such a manner that they are easily accessIble for the competitors or so.that they may be put into the hands of the at a competitors. A competitor taking pomts. by place other than the the organisers renders himself l!able to disqualIficatIOn. (Also see Rule 142 para 11.) 6 -The organisers of the Marathon Race must take to ensure the safety of competitors. In of Olympic Games and Area or Group 0tampIOnshlps or Games Marathon Races. the orgamsers must. where possible. give an assurance that t!Je roads. to 1;>e for the competition will be closed III both dIrectIons I.e. not open to motorised traffic. RULE 166 Relay Races 1 -Lines shall be drawn across the track to the of the stages and to denote the scratch hne. 2.-Lines also shall be 10 metres (11 yards) before and after the scratch hne to denote the take-over zone within which lines the baton must be passed. These lines are to be included in the zonal measurements. In races up to 4 X 220 yards (4 x 200 metres) members of a team other than the first runner may commence running not more than 10 metres (11 yards) shall be outside the take-over zone. A distinctive made in each lane to denote this extended hmlt.. . In all relay races the baton mustbe passed wlthm the take-over zone. . When a relay race is being run in lanes,. a ma make a check-mark on the track wlthm hIS own e.g. by scratching with hi.s shoe, but may not marking objects on or the track.. Where e l\ track is of a material whIch WIll not permIt scratchmg RULE 166

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107 with a shoe, some material supplied by the organisers may be used, at the discretion of the judge. 3.-The baton must be carried in the hand throughout the race. If dropped, it must be recovered by the athlete who dropped it: 4.-The position of the teams at the start of the race shall be drawn, and shall be retained at each take over zone, except that waiting runners can move to the inside position on the track as incoming team-mates arrive. provided this can be done without fouling. 5.-In events where the first part of the race is run in lanes, competitors, after completing this part, are free to take up any position on the track. - 6.-Competitors after handing over the baton should remain in their lanes or zones until the course is clear, to avoid obstruction to other competitors. Should any competitor wilfully impede a member of another team by running out of position or lane at the finish of the stage, he is liable to cause the disqualification of his own team. 7.-Assistance by pushing-off or by any other method will cause disqualification. 8.-once a team has competed in the preliminary rounds of an event, the composition of the team must not be altered for any subsequent round or final. With the approval of the Referee, however, this may be permitted in the case of an injury or illness certified by the official medical officer appointed for the Meeting to be as .to. make it unwise for the competitor to run. It IS permIssIble for the order of running to be changedbetween heats and succeeding rounds or final. No competitor may run two sections for a team. RULE 167 Team Races I.-In team races the maximum number of starters con:I?rising a team and the number of competitors whose pOSItIons are to count shall be stated in the programme. RULE 167

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108 2.-If necessary. prelim inary round s may be held. 3.-Sta tions shall be drawn and the members of each team shall be lined up behind each other at the start of the race. 4.-Th e compo sition of a team must not be changed after a heat has been run excep t in the case of or illness certified by the official medical ?fficer for the Meeti ng to be such as .to make It unwise for the compe titor to run, With the o.f Referee it may be penm tted. Only competItors fimshmg the full distan ce are eligible to compe te in the final. 5.-Th e metho d of scorin g shall be option al and may be anyon e of the following: . . (a) By scoring the least numb er of pomts, accord mg to the posi.tions in the memb ers of a team fimsh. The fimshmg pOSItIOns of the scorin g memb ers of a team shall 1:>e scored m compu ting the scores of other teams, but when a team fails to finish the requisite numb er to score, it shall be elimin ated; or (b) By scorin g the least numb er of points to the scorin g positions in which the scormg memb ers of a team finish. The positions of the non-sc oring memb ers of a team, wheth er .it finishes all its memb ers or not, shall be scored m compu ting the scores of other or . . (c) By scorin g the least numb er of pomts accord mg to the positi ons in which the scoring members of a team finish. The finishing positions of the nonscorin g memb ers of a and !llembers of a team which fails to fimsh the reqUISIte numb er to score, shall be elimin ated; or . (cl) By scorin g the lowest aggregate of the tImes record ed by the scoring members. 6.-If two or more compe titors tie for any place the points for the places concerned be and divided equall y amon g the competitors so tymg. 7.-ln case of a tie on points, the team whose last scoring memb er finished neares t to first place shall be the winning team.

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RULE 168 Cross-Country Races General Rules. Owing to the extremely' varying circumstances in which cross-country runnin g is practi sed throug hout the world, especially in regard to different seasons, climatic condit ions and distances, it is impossible to lay down any rigid legislation for the worJd standa rdisat ion of this sport. The following rules, however, are intended as a guide and incentive to assist new countr ies to develope crosscount ry runnin g both as a sport in itself and as a training adjun ct to track and field events. Excep t where stated the rules should also apply to women's events. I.-Sea son. The cross-country seasDn should normaJly extend throug hout the winter month s after the close of the track and field season. 2.--Th e Course. For champ ionshi p and international events: (a) The race shall be run over a course confined as far as possible, to open countr y, fields, comm ons and grassland. A limited amoun t of ploughed land may be included. If the course passes through woodl and witho ut any clearly defined path or track it must be clearly marke d for the runners. The tfaversing of road of any description should be limited to the minimum. (b) The course for champ ionshi p events must be clearly marked, preferably with red flags on the left and white flags on the right, all of which must be visihle from a distan ce of 125 metres (140 yards). fl1 all other respects the appro priate rules governing track competitions shall obtain (c) When laying out the course very high obstacles should he avoided, so should deep ditches, dangerous ascents or descents. thick undergrowth and, in general. any obstacle which would constitute a difficulty beyond the aim of the competition. RULE 168

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It is preferable that artificial obstacles .should not be used, but if the scope of the promotIon them unavoidable they should be made to SImulate natural obstacles met with in open country. In cases where there is a large number of petitors narrow gaps or other hindrances whIch would deny to the competitors an unhampered run must be avoided for first 1500 metres (1640 yards). . (cl) The course must be measured and the dIstance declared prior to the closing of entries. (e) The responsibility for providiI!'g a proper course and its marking by flags, detaIls of 'Yh1ch should appear in the programme, rests wIth the promotmg body, who should appoint. clerks of the course, umpires and pointsmen. at mtncate parts vf the c6urse to direct competItors afld see that they keep to the proper course. . If as the result of a number of competitors course of or failing to follow the other reason, in the of the Referee CIrcumstances arise so that Justice demands that the race be contested again, he shall have power to declare the race void and order such race to be held again on some future occaSIOn. other than international competitions the foregaing regulations .governing the course may be modified (lÂŁcording to local CJrcumstances. 3.-Age Oualification. .It is that competitors should be placed m age categones. (i) Senior-18 years of age or over on day of race. (ii) J unior-18 years of age or over but under 21 years of age on day of race. (iii) Youths-16 years of age or over but under 18 years of age on day of race. NOTE.-In arranging details for a race, it should be defined whether the age limits ruling are those on the day of the race or on some other date.

III 4.-Distances. (a) The distance for seniors should not be less than 8 kilometres (approx. 5 miles), for juniors, not more than IQ kilometres (approx. 6 miles) and YOllths 5 kilometres (approx. 3 miles). (b) For National Championships it is recommended that the distances for seniors shou Id be not less than Iq kilometres (9 miles), for juniors not more than 10 kilometres (approx. 6 miles) and for youths 5 kilometres (approx. 3 miles). Cc) In international races the senior race should not be less than 12 kilometres (approx. 7-} miles) and the 'junior race 8 kilometres (approx. 5 miles). (d) For women's events the distance shall be between 2000 and 5000 metres and should normally be 1500 metres or one mile for juniors. and Reserves. (a) For other than national championships and international competitions in general each team should be allowed to enter and run twice the number entitled to score, and, in addition, may enter reserves C<.lual to the number to score. _ For example: Tn a race in which six a side have been nominated to score, each teain may be allowed to enter and run twelve competitors with six nominated reserves. (b) For national championships it is recommended that in the senior race teams be entitled to enter fifteen, nine to run, six to score for points, and for the junior and youths' races to twelve to enter, six t() run, four to score for points. (c) For international senior races, the governing body of member countries must enter a team of not less than six nor more than nine competitors, and five reserves. Not more than nine nor less than six runners shall be allowed to start in the race. For international junior races, the governing body of member countries shall enter a team of not less than three, nor more than five competitors and two reserves.

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Not more than five nor less than three runners from each count ry will be allowed to start in the race. (d) Excep t in intem ational races it is recommended

that entries from individuals should be accepted and members of depleted teams who on the day are unabl e to field the necessary scoring number may. if desired. be allowed to compete as individuals. (See para. 8, (b).)

6.-Th e Start. The race shall be started by the firing of a pistol. In races which include a large numb er of competitors, it is recommended that a five-minute warning before the start of the races should also be given by the firing of a maroon.

7.-N o competitor in cross-country events is allowed to receive assistance or refreshment from any person during the progress of the race. 8.-Sco ring (a) At the conclusion of a race the Judges shall decide

the respective places of the scoring competitors of each competing team. add these together and the team having the lowest aggregate shall be declared the winners.

(b) In assessing the aggregate the finishing positions

of any individual runne rs may be eliminated and subsequent finishing positions adjusted accordingly. but with large fields this is not recommended.

of the team whose last scoring member finishes nearer the first place.

113 officials are considered 9Âˇ-Qff icia/s . The ational events but mtern pal prmCl for ary to be. necess are at liberty to vary these where local . CIrcumstances require. Referee Judge Judge's stewards Timekeeper Timekeeper's recorder Starte r Funne l controller Chief Funne l Judge Funnel Judge and recorder Funnel stewards Disc distributors Chief result recorder Result recorders Disc area stewards Press stewards Chief competitors' stewards Chief clerk of course Prize stewards International Cross Country Competition cal Seperate techm rules have been approved by the J A A F. Committee for the organisation of Cross competltzon held annually.

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115 In the pole vault, long jum p and trip shall be placed on the runway, but le-jump, no marks pla ce marks (supplied by the Org a competitor may alongside the runway. No' marks shaanising Committee) ll be placed in any pit or landing area.

SE CT IO N IV JU MP ING EV EN TS HI( ,fl JUM P; POL E VA ULT ; LON G JUM P; TRI PLE JUM P

RU LE 171 General Rules . 1 -T he ord er in which the com petitors tak e theIr triais shall be dra wn by lots. (Also 43 see 2.- In all jumping events the lengthRu le Ih , para. unlimited. Th e minin!um length pro . of t e vided for th way in each case shall be as follows: Hig h Jum p 15 metres or 50 feet Lo ngJ um p 1 Triple Jum p 40 metres or 130 feet Pole Va ult J . .

Wh ere 'conditions. permIt the run . hould ways s not be than the followmg: 18 metres (57 ft. 3 in.) HIgh 'jum p ... . .. p Lo" Tnp!gle'j'jum um p .,. 45 metres (147 ft. 6 in.) Pole Va ult ... . .. . h 11 be 3 -In all jumping . .. eve NO TE:

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nts eac competlt.or s a credited with the best of all his hjum ps subJect to con-

of any kind is take-off ground abo ut the juml? mu st be If p'ortable mats" are used, all refe rences In thde Rules be h t k or the take-off groun mu t s t to the level of the top surface of Jhe ;::' ma xim um allowance for lateral the 'runways for shall not exce . d' th running direction 1 . 1000. an7 In In e k the high jum p a may pla.ce .s Organising Committee) to assist (s.up.p rled by the III d take-off and a small handkerch ief or on the cross bar for sighting purpos es. RU LE 171

S.- Be for eÂˇ the commenceme of competitions in jumping for height, the Judges nt sha ll ann ounce to the competitors the commencing hei ght and the different heights to which the bar be raised at the end of each round. 9.- A competitor may comme height above the minimum height nce jumping at any . own discretion at any subsequen and may jump at his secutive failures, regardless of thet height. Thr ee conof such failures occur, disqualify froheight at which any m fur the r jumping. NO TE .-T he effect of this rule is that a competitor ma y forgo his second (lY thir d jum ps or vaults at a particular hei ght (after failing first or second tim e) and still jum p at a subsequent height.

lO. -Ev en aft er all the oth er com a competitor is entitled to continue petitors have failed. forfeited his right to compete furthe jumping until he has r. Th e heights to which the bar is rais aft er consulting the wishes of the comed shall be decided \1 petitor. It. -A ny measurement of a new height should be ma de before competitors atte mp t suc h height. In all cases of records the Judges must che ck the measurements afte r the height has been cleare d.

NO TE .-'j udg es should ensure, bef com pet itio n, tha t the underside and ore commencing the front of the t;foss-bar are distinguishable and that the bar is always replaced wit h the same surface uppermost and the same surface to the front.

12 .-1 n the Pole Vault, the use or- fingers shall not be allowed exc of tape on the hands ept in the case of thc= need to cover an open wound.

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lumping for distance . . B.-W here there are more than eIght compe tItors, each compe titor shall be allowed three trials and the eight competitors with the best jumps be all?wed three additi onal trials. In the event of a tIe for eIghth place, any compe titor so tying shall allowed three additional tria:ls. Where there are eight competItors or fewer, each compe iitor shall be six NOTE .-Tiei ng m.eans., in this conne.ctzon, cleanng the same distance, and Rule 146 para. 3 should not therefore 11 be applied. .

RULE 172 High Jump I.-Th e comp etitor must take-off from one foot. 2.-,Knocking the off. the supports, or touC!,ling the ground or the landm g area the plane. 01 the uprights with any part of the body WIthout c1earmg the bar shall count as a failure. 3.-'Th e uprights or posts shall 'not l?e moved during the competition unless the Referee the take-off or landing groun d has become unsUItable. In such a case the chang e shall be made only after a round has be'encompleted. (For appar atus refer to Ru!e 201 "Jump ing and Vault ing Standards".) RULE 173 Pole Vault 'I.-A ny compe titor may have the uprights moved in either direction but they may not be moved more than 60 centimetres (2 ft.) from the prolongation of. the inside edge of the top of the stopboard. If the upngh ts are moved, the Judges should. ffi.ake to ensure that there is no vanatIOn m the heIght. (Also refer to Rule 145 for measurements.) 2.-Th e take-off for the pole vault shall.b e box made of wood, metal or some SUItable ngld material which shall be sunk level WIth the ground. RULES i72-173

117 3.-A competitor fails if he: (a) knocks the bar off the supports; or (b) leaves the ground for the purpo se of making a vault and fails to clear the bar- or (c) after leaviIlg the groun d his lower hand the upper one or moves the upper hand hIgher on the pole; or . (d) before off touches with any part of his or WIth the pole. the groun d, including landmg area, beyond the vertical plane of the upper part of the stopboard. in making an attem pt the competitor's pole is broke n It shall not be counted as a failure. . one shall be allowed to touch the pole unless It IS fallIng away from the bar or uprights; if it is so touched and the Referee is of the opini.·,'1 that it would have caused the bar to be displaced, tht: vault shall be recorded as a failure. may use their own poles. No competItor be allowed to use any of the privat e poles except wIth the consent of the owner. (For appar atus see Rules 201 and 202.) 7.-Co mpeti tors are permi tted to use an adhesive substa nce suo.ch as or a s.imila r substance on the.ir hands only, ID order to a better grip. . The use of a forearm cover to preven t injuries shall be allowed.

RULE 174 Long Jump . take-off. shall· be marke d by a boar" sunk level WIth the runway and the surfac e of the landing area. The edge of the board which is nearer to the landin g area shall be called the take-off line. If a competito r takes off before reaching the board , it shall not for that reason be counted as a failure. Immediately beyond the take-off line there shall' be placed a board of plastici,ne or suitable mater ial for recording the athlet e s footprmt when he has foot-faulted. RULE 174

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118 If it is not possible to install the above apparatus the following method should be adopted: immediately in front of the take-off line and across all the length of it over a width of 10 centimetres (4 in.) the ground shall be sprinkled with soft earth or sand, placed level (horizontal) with the take-off board.

2.-lt shall. be counted as a failure if any competitor (a) touches the ground beyond the take-off line so as to leave a visible impression on the plast:cine, other suitable material. soft earth or sand with any part of the body, whether running up without jumping or in the act of jumping; Cb) takes off from either side of the board whether beyond or behind the take-off line extended; (c) in the course of landing, touches the ground outside the landing area nearer to the take-off than the nearest break in the landing area made by the jump; (d) after a completed jump, walks back through the landing area. 3.-All jumps shall be measured from the nearest break in the landing area made by any part of the body or limbs to the take-off line and at right angles to such line. 4.-ln order to ensure the correct measuring of any jump it is essential that the surface of the sand in the landing area should be accurately controlled so as to be level with the top of the take-off board. An approved apparatus for this purpose is described in Rule 175. 5.-The landing area shall have a minimum width of 2 metres 75 centimetres (9 ft.). 6.-The distance between the take-off and the end of the landing area shall be at least 10 metres (32 ft. ]0 ins.). 7.-The take-off board shall be not less than I metre (3 ft. 3, in.) from the edge of the landing area. (For construction refer to Rule 203:) (Also see Rule 171 "General Rules".)

119 RULE 115

Triple lump take-off shall marked by a board sunk level WIth the runway and the sudace of the landing and plac;ed at least 13 metres (42 ft.) from the landmg area, the edge of which nearer to the landing area shall be called the.take-off line. (For apparatus see Rule If a competItor takes off before reaching the It shall not for that reason be counted as a faIlure. 2.-The hop shall be made so that the competitor shall first land upon the same foot with which he shall have taken in the step he shall land on the other foot, from whIch consequently the jump is performed. 3.-1f competitor while jumping touches the grou,nd With the "sleeping" leg it shall be considered as a faIlure. 4.-ln all other respects the rules for the Long Jump shall apply. (Rule 174.)

CONTROL OF SAHD lEVEL IN LONe .AND TRIPU: JUMP

lOP OF SIDE . . . .

SCRAPER

TAKE OFF 10lflM)

DOAAD

.RULE 175

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SECTION V THROWING EVENTS HAMMER, SHOT, DISCUS AND JAVELIN

RULE 181 General Roles I.-The order in which the competitors take their trials shall be drawn by lot. (Also see Rule 143, para. 7.) 2.-Where there are more than eight competitors, competitor shall be allowed three trials and the eIght be al1?wed competitors with the best performances three additional trials. In the event of a tIe for eIghth allowed th.e three place, any competitor so tying shall additional trials. Where there are eIght competItors or fewer, each cozqpetitor shall be allowed six trials. (Also . . see Rule 142, para. 2.) NOTE.-Tieing means, in this connectIon, throwmg or putting the same distance, and Rule 146 para. 3 should not therefore be applied. 3.-In all throwing events from a a must commence the throw from a statIonary position.

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4.-ln all throwing events from a circle a competitor is allowed to touch the inside of the iron band or stop allowed .to count board. It shall be a foul throw and if the competitor, after he has stepped IDt? the Circle and commenced to make a throw, touches WJth any part of his body the top of the stop-board or circle or. the shot, ground outside, or improperly releases or hammer in making any Provided ID the course of a trial the foregomg rules, and addItIOnally hammer, haye Rule 185 (4) in the case of throwing not been infringed. a competItor may IDterrupt a once started, lay his implement down, to statIOnary position again and begin a fresh there shall not be more than one such mterruptlon ID each trial. (Also see Rule 209 "Circles".) RULE 181

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. 5.-The competitor must not leave the circle until the Implement touched the ground, and he shall then, position. leave the circle from the rear from a half, whIch shall be indicated by a chalk line drawn through the centre and extended outside the circle not less than 75 centimetres (30 in.) on each side. ' competitor in the javelin throw shall not leave the delIvery area' until the javelin has touched the ground, he shall then, from a standing position, leave the delIvery area from behind the arc and the lines drawn from the extremes of the arc at right angles to the which the runway. In the JavelIn, a foul throw or improperly - releaSIng the Implement in making an attempt shall be recorded as a throw. but shall not count. the case of the shot. hammer and discus, for a must fall so that the point of yahd Impact IS wIthm the mner edges of lines marking a sector of 45Â° set out on the ground so that the radii lines cross at the centre of the circle. (Refer also to Rule 210 "Stop Board".) The ends of the lines marking all sectors should be marked with sector flags. (Also refer to Rule 211.) 7.-The measurement of each throw shaH be made from the nearest mark made by the fall of the discus, shot, .or head of the hammer or javelin to the inside of of the circle, or the arc in the case of the Javelm, along a line from the mark made by the to the centre of the circle or the centre of the radIUS of the arc. 8.-A flag or disc shall be provided to mark World Record and when appropriate record in each throwing event. In the the JavelIn, dJSCUS and hammer competitions a distinctive flag shall be provided also to mark the throws of each competitor. and Area or Group Games orll only Implements provided by the Orgamsers may be used, and no modification can be made to them during the competition. No competitor

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shall be permitted to take any implement into the arena. At meetings between two or more Members, competitors may use their own implements, provided these are checked and marked as approved by the Organisers before the competition and made available to all competitors. 10 (a).-No device of any kind-e.g. the taping of two or more fingers together-which in any way aSiSists a competitor when making a throw, shall be allowed. The use of tape on the hand shall not be allowed except in the case of the need to cover an open cut or wound. The use of tape of the wrist will be allowed only upon production of a certificate given by the official doctor for the meeting. {b) In order to obtain a better grip. competitors in the Throwing Events are permitted to use an adhesive substance such ,tas resin or a similar substance on their hands only. (c) The use of gloves is not allowed, except for hammer throwing. (See Rule 185, para. 2.) II.-In all throwing events implements must be carried back to the starting line or circle and never thrown back. 12.-The maximum allowance for lateral inclination of the runways for throwing events shall be I : lOO and the indination in the running direction shall not exceed I : 1000. and that of the throwing field I : 1000. 13.-In throwing the javelin, no mark shall be placed on the runway but competitors may place markssupplied by the Organising Committee-at the side of the runway. 14.-A competitor may not spray or spread any 11 substance in the circle. RULE 182 Javelin Throwing I.-The length of the runway shall be not more than 36.5 met.res (120 ft.) but not less than 30 metres (98 ft. 6 in.) and shall be marked by two parallel lines 5 centiRULE 182

123 LANDINO POINT

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metres (2 in.) in width and 4 metres (13 ft. 1.5 in.) al?art. The throw shall be made from behind an of a Circle drawn with a radius of 8 metres (26 ft. 3 m.); such shall consist of a strip made of wood or metal 7 centimetres (2.75 in.) in width. painted white and sunk flush extremwith the ground. Lines shall be drawn from ities of the aJ:c at right angles to the parallel hnes markmetres (5 ft.) ing the runway. These lines in length and 7 centimetres (2.75 m.) m Width. NOTE.-It is reccÂťnmended that the runway should be not less than 33.5 metres (110 /t.) . 2.-The javelin must be held at the gnp. 3.-No throw shall be valid in which the tip of the metal head does not strike the ground .before any part of the javelin, or when the touches, any part of his body .o.r limbs, the s.tnp or th.e hnes drawn from theiextrenlltles thereof at fight to the parallel lines or the ground beyon? those lines or, the strip. The competitor may cross either of the parallel '1 h ' r lines. . At no time after prepanng to .throw, untl t e has been discharged into the may cor:npe.lItOl turn completely around, so that hiS back IS towards the throwing arc. ' The javelin shall. be thrown over the shOUlder, or upper part of the throwmg arm and must not be slung nor hurled. . d NOTE.-Non-orthodox styles an not permttte . 4.-All ihrows to be valid must fall wilhin the inner edge of rnes marking the sector set out on the gn!und by extending for a distance of 90 (295 ft.. lines from the centre (A) of the CIrcle, of whIch ,HL: is a part. through the and (C) whIch arc joins the rnes markmg lhe fhe the radii lines should be marked With sector flags. (Sce diagram.) . . 5.-1f the javclin breaks while in the all', It. shal! not count as a trial provided the throw was made III ac(;ordance with the rules. (For implement refer to Rule 204.)

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RULE 183 Throwing the Discos " I.-The discus shan be thrown from a circle 2.50 metres (8 ft." 2.5 in.) in diameter. (For implement and

apparatus refer to Rule 205 and Rule 208.)

RULE 184 Putting the Shot I.-The put shall be made from a circle 2.135 metres

(7 ft.) in diameter. At the middle of the circumference in the front. half of the circle a stop board shan be placed firmly fastened to the ground. . The putting area shall consist of cinders or grass or some suitable material on which the shot makes an imprint. 2.-The shot shall be put from the shOUlder with one hand only. At the time the competitor takes a stance in the ring to commence a put, the shot shall touch or be in close proximity to the chin and the hand shall not be dropped below this position during the action of putting. The shot must not be brought behind the line of the shoulders. 3'.-All measurements shall be made immediately after each put. (For implement refer to Rule 206 For circle and stop-board, refer to RUle 209 and 210.)'

RULE 185 Throwing tbe Hammer I.-All throws shall be made from a circle 2.135 metres (7 ft.) in diameter. 2..- When throwing the gloves for the protectIon of the hands are permItted. The gloves must be smooth on the back and the front and the finger-tips must be exposed, i.e. the tips of the fingers on the gloves must not be closed. 3.-The competitor in his starting position prior to the preliminary swings or turns is allowed to put the head of the hammer on the ground outside the circle. RULES 183-185

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126 4.-It shall not be considered a foul throw if the head of the hammer touches the ground when the competitor makes the preliminary swings or turns; but. if, after having so touched the he stops throwIng so .as to begin the throw agam, thIS shall count as a tnal throw. (For implement refer to Rule 207. For cage and circle refer to Rules 208 and 209.) 5.-If the hammer breaks during a throw or while in the air, it shall not count as a throw provided it made in accordance with the rules. If the competitor thereby loses his equilibrium and commits a foul, it shall not count against him.

SECTION VI

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RULE 191 Walking I.-Walking is progression by steps so taken that unbroken contact with the ground is maintained. At each step, the advancing foot of the walker must make contact with the ground before the rear foot leaves the ground. During the period of each step in which a foot is on the ground, the leg must be straightened (i.e. not bent at the knee) at least for one moment, and in particular, the supporting leg must be straight in the vertically upright position. . 2.-1udgingand Disqualifications: The appomted the Judges of walking shall elect a ChIef Judge. shall act in an indiVIdual capacity. When, In the opinion of Ca) two of the Judges, one being the Chief Judge or Cb) three Judges other than Judge. . WIth a competitor's mode of progreSSIOn falls to the definition during any part of the competItIOn, he shall be disqualified and informed by the Chief Judge. In a competitIon eIther dIrectly controlled by the I.A.A.F. or taking place under permit, RULE 191

in .no

shall two Judges of the same natIOnalIty have the power to disqualify.

may be given to any such disqualification . IJ!lmedIately after the conclusion of the competition, if CIrcumstances render impracticable an earlier notice te the competitor ?f his disqualification.

4.-A be cautioned when by his mode of he IS In danger of ceasing to comply with the defimtlOn of contact; but he is not entitled to a second caution. The decision to caution a competitor shall be made under the same procedure as for disqualification set out in paragraph 3. -: 5.-.In races a competitor who is disqualified must ImmedIately leave the track, and in road races the competitor must immediately after his disqualIficatIOn, remove the distinguishing number or numbers which he is wearing. NOTE.-It is recommended that a system of signalling "caution" by white flag and "disqualification" by red flag ?e used far as possible during a walking race for the mformatton of the officials, cmnpetitors and spectators.

6.-ln all international races of more than 20 kilometres (or .12 miles), refreshments shall be provided by the orgamsers, and refreshment stations shall be arranged 10 kilometres or 6 miles, and thereafter at every 5 kIlometres or 3 miles. No refreshment may be or taken by any competitor other than that or agreed by the organisers. A competitor may to them the type of refreshment desired and this, If approved, must then be handed in to the Organisers at a time and place specified by them. It shall be available at the stations nominated by the competitor. The refreshx;nents be placed in such a manner that they are eaSIly for the competitors or so tha[ they may be put mto the hands of the competitors. A competitor taking refreshments at a place other than the refreshment points appointed by the organisers renders himself liable to disqualification.

129

128 The Organisers may, at .their discretion to prevent to competItors, supply a.ddItlOnal sponggeneral ing points after 20 kilometres or 12 mIles where water only shall be supplied. 7.-No entry for a race of 50 km. or 30 miles or shall be accepted unless it is accompanied by a certificate signed by a qualified doct<?r 30 days of rare, certifying that the competItor IS fit to take part m that race. 8.-In the Olympic Games and in all major events the 50 kilometres walk shall be so arranged as to ensure that the first walker home finishes approximately at sunset in order that he may enjoy the best climatic conditions. 9.-For the Olympic Games and Area the circuit for the 20 kilometre event should be a maXImum of 3000 metres with a minimum of approximately 1500 metres. 1O.-The organisers of events held on roads must take care to ensure the safety of competitors. In the case of Olympic Games and Area or Group 9ames or Championships Walking races, the orgamsers must where possible give an assurance that the roads t? be ,used the competitions will be closed in both directIOns; I.e. not open to motorised traffic. NOTE.-A booklet "Guidance for Walking 1udges", produced by the lA.A.F. Walking Comr,nittee with the aim of bringing about a better understandmg of the sport of race walking, is available from the lAA.F. Bureau-see publications list.

RULE 192 International Walking Competition for the "Lugano" Trophy This competition will be by ':l Sub-Committee appointed by the Walkmg CommIttee of the I.A.A.F. in accordance with Rules approved by Congress. R.ULE 192

SECTION VII COMBINED COMPETITIONS

RULE 195 Pentathlon and Decathlon I.-The Pentathlon consists of five events which shall

be held in the following order: long jump; throwing the

javelin; 200 metres; throwing the discus; and 1500 metres. 2.-The Decathlon consists of ten events which shall be held on two consecutive days in the following order: First day -100 metres; long jump; putting the shot; high jump and 400 metres. Second day-110 metres hurdles; throwing the discus; pole vault; throwing the javelin; and 1500 metres. WOMEN 3.-The Pentathlon for.women consists of five events which shall be held either on one day or on two consecutive days in the following order: First day -.100 metres hurdles; putting the shot; high Jump. Second day-long jump; 200 metres. GENERAL 4.-At the discretion of the Rereree, there shall be. whenever possible, an interval of, at least 30 minutes between the time one event ends and the next event begins. 5.-The order of competing shall be drawn before each separate event. In the 100 metres, 200 metres, 400 metres, 100 metres hurdles and 110 metres hurdles events, the competitors shall be drawn by lot in groups by the Referee, so that, prefer,ably three or more competitors, and never less than two, are in each group. In .the 200 metres in .. . RULE 195

;

nu the pentathlon, one group should consist of those competitors occupying the leading positions at the end of four events. In the 1500 metres each group should consist of five or more competitors, one group consisting of the leading competitors at the end of the 9th event. The Referee shall have power to rearrange any group if in his op:nion it is deSirable. 6.-The LA.A.F. rules for each event constituting the competition will apply with the following exceptions: (a) In the long jump and each of the throwing events, each competitor shall be allowed three trials only. (b) Each competitor's time shall be timed by 3 timekeepers independently. If for any reason only two register times, and these two disagree, the time of the two shall be adopted as offiCIal. Alternatively times may be recorded by an approved electrical device (see Rule 119 ''Timekeepers" .) (cl In the running trials and the hurdles a competitor shall be disqualified in any event in which he has made three false starts. 7.-The scores separately and combined should be announced to the competitors after the completion of each event. In the 100 metres and 110 metres Hurdles (Decathlon) and 100 metres Hurdles and 200 metres (Women's Pentathlon), times shall be given to l/lOOth of a second where electrical timing is in operation, and scored by using the appropriate I.A,A,F. Scoring Tables to l/lOOth second, 8.-The winner shall be the competitor who has obtained the highest number of points in the five or ten events, as the case may be, awarded on the basis of the LA.A.F. Scoring Table. 9.-1n the event of a tie, the winner shall be the competitor who has received the higher in a majority of events. If this does not resolve the tie, the

131

winner shall competitor who has the highest number of polOtS In anyone of the events. This proshall apply to ties for any place in the competItlun. 10.-Any athlete failing to stan or make a trial in one of the five events of the Pentathlon or in one of the ten events of the' Decathlon shall" not be allowed to take part in the following event but shall be considered to have abandoned the competition. He shall not therefore figure in the final dassification.

SECTION VIII SPECIFICATIONS FOR OFFICIAL IMPLEMENTS AND ApPARATUS

. All m.easurements of equipment are expressed m metnc the equtvalent shown in feet and inches being approximate and for information only.

RULE 201 JumpiDg and Vaulting Stmidards l.-General (a) Uprights. Any style or kind of uprights or posts may be used, provided they are rigid. (b) Cross-bar. The cross-bar shall be of wood, metal or other suitable material, triangular or circular in section. So as to avoid" dangerously sharp edges, a triangular bar may so formed .that the edges are slightly rounded and It may be deemed to satisfy the requirement as to, if it passes with only a small tnrough a cut-out of the specified dImenSIOns. Each :SIde of the triangular bar shaH measure 30 miUimetres (l t in.) and the diameter of the circular bar 'It !-east 25 millimetres (1 in.) but TIot more .wan , 30 ml,)metres 'Ii' /1' . , l\ "8 m.), cl . 1 oar ' ll,e ens Uf cm::u,ar SIha I'1 t,.(:of ccnstTllcted in such a way that a flat surface of 30 X 150 mBErnetres (l in. x 6 in.) is obtained for the purpose of placing the :RULE 201

132

bar on the supports on the uprights. (Optionally the cross-bar may be split in the middle and joined with a metal clip about 300 mm (l ft.) long.)

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2.-Higb Jump Ca) Uprights. The uprights should be sufficiently tall so as to exceed the maximum height to which the crossbar can be raised by at least 10 centimetres (4 in.). The distance between the uprights shall be not less than 3.66 metres (12 ft.) nor more than 4.02 metres (13 ft. 2iin.).

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Cc) Supports for cross-bar. The supports for the crossbar shall be flat and rectangular, 40 millimetres (1!- in.) wide and 60 millimetres (2-1 in.) long. They shall eaC'.h face the opposite upright and the ends of the cross-har shall rest on them in such a manner that if it is by a competitor it will easily fall to the ground, forwards or backwards. (d) There shall be a space of at least 10 millimetres (!- in.) between' the ends of the cross-bar and the uprights.

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5 metres (16 ft. 4 in.) long by 4 metres (13 ft l!- in.) wide.

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Cb) Cross-bar. The cross-bar shall be between 3.64 metres (1I ft. Hi in.) and 4 metres (13 ft. l-!- in.). The maximum weight of the cross-bar shall be 2 kilogrammes (4 lb. 6-!- oz.).

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Ca) .Upn·ghts. Except where extension arms are use' the dJstance between _the uprights shall be not less tha: 3.?6 metres (12 ft.)- or more than 4.32 metres (14 ft2' ) wJde. . . m.

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134 (b) Cross-bar. The cross-bar shall be between 3.86 metres (12 ft. 8 in.) and 4.52 metres (14 ft. 10 in.) in length. The maximum weight for the cross-bar shall be 2.26 kg (5 lb.). (c) SuPporti for cross-bar. Pegs shall be used to support the cross-bar and shall be without notches or indentations of any kind, of unifonn thickness throughout and not more than 13 millimetres H in.) diameter. They must not extend more than 75 millimetres (3 in.) from the uprights, and the cross-bar shall rest on them so that if it is touched by a competitor or his pole it will fall easily to the ground in the direction of the landing area.

135 box should be stÂˇ d' sides slope ranucdte Jdn such a manner that the en next to the stopb rd . I an ang e of approxImately 1200. oa at

If the box is con t d" f lined with 2 5 . ructe 0 w,?od, the bottom shall be et for a (0.1. ID.) sheet iron or metal front of the box. mI lmetres (2 ft. 71 in.) from the

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The diagram below giv constructed 'th es measurements of a box the an angle of 105Â° between the base and

Non:.-T;o. lessen the chance ot injury of a competitor by his falling on the feet of the uprights, as an alternative to the abO'lJe, the pegs supporting the cross-bar may be placed upon extension arms permanently attached to the uprights, thus allowing the uprights to be placed wider apart, without increasing the length ot the cross-bar. (See diagram)

(d) The landing area should measure not less than 5 X 5 metres (16 ft. 4 in.).

(e) Box. This shall be constructed' of either wood. metal or some 'other suitable rigid material, and shall be 1 metre (3 ft. 3! in.) in length. measured along the inside of the bottom of the box [existing boxes wilh a measurement of I metre (3 ft. 3-1 in.) at ground le'l'el will continue to be acceptable], 600 millimetres (I ft. II i in.} in width at the front end and tapering to 150 millimetres (6 in.) in width at the bottom of the 'Stopboard. The lenglh of the box at ground level and the depth of the stopboard will depend upon the angle formed between the base anq stopboard which shall be 105Â°. The base of the box shall slope from ground level at the front end to a vertical distance below ground level of 200 millimetres (7i in.) at the point where it meets the stopboard. The

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136

RULE 202 Vaulting Pole The pole may be of any material or combination of materials and of any length or diameter, but the basic surface of the metal, where metal is used, must be smooth. The pole may have a binding only of not more than two layers of adhesive tape of unifornl thickness. This restriction does not however apply to binding the bottom end of the pole with protective layers of tape for a distance of about 30 centimetres (l ft), to reduce the risk of damaging the pole when striking the back of the box.

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RULE 203 Talte-oll Board LONG JUMP AND TRIPLE JUMP

l.-Construction. The take-off board shall be made of wood or some other suitable rigid material and shall measure 1.22 metres (4 fL) long, 200 millimetres (8 in.) wide and 100 millimetres (4 in.) deep. On the side nearer to the landing area should be fixed a horizontal shelf 1.22 metres (4 fL) long; 100 millimetres (4 in.) wide; the top of which should be 38 millimetres (11 in.) below the sudace of the take-off board. This shelf should have a ledge, of the following approximate measurements, along the edge next to the landing area, 38 millimetres (1.5 in.) high and 25 millimetres (I in.) wide, thus forming a recess 38 millimetres (1.5 in.) deep, 1.22 metres (4 fL) long, and 100 millimetres (4 in.) wide, immediately beyond the take-off board on which to place a board 25 millimetres (l in.) thick as required; with a layer of plasticine or other suitable material 13 millimetres (0.5 in.) thick placed level (horizontal) with the take-off board. The layer of plasticine can be smoothed otI by means of a roller or suitably shaped scraper for the purpose of removing the footprints of the competitors. (Also see Rule 174, para. 1.) RULES 202-203

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2.-The take:off board shall be painted white. WIll be. found very helpful to have a spare avatlable, so that while the footprint is bemg eltmznated the competitors are not delayed.

RULE 204 Javelin l.-Gonstmction. The javelin shall consist of three parts: a metal head, a shaft, and a cord grip. The shaft of either wood or metal and it shaH may be have fixed to ,It head which should weigh 80 grammes termmatmg III a sharp point. 2.-lt shall conform to the following specifications. Weight inclusive of cord grip Men Minimum 800 grammes ... Maximum (I lb. 12.218 oz.)... Overall length Minimum '"

Maximum '"

Men

260 centimetres (8ft. 6! in.) 270 centimetres ... (8 ft. IQ! in.)

Women

600 grammes (lIb. 5.163 oz.)

Women

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230 centimetres (7 ft. 6l in.) RULE 204

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138 Length of metal head Minimum 25 centimetres (9;1 in.) 33 centimetres Maximum (13 in.)

25 centimetres (91 in.) 33 centimetres(13 in.)

Distance from Âˇtip of metal head to centre of grm:ity Minimum .. . 90 centimetres ... 80 centImetres (2 ft. 11 tin.) (2 ft. 7t in.) 95 centimetres . - um ... 110 centimetres M aXlm (3 ft. 7-1 in.) (3 ft. I! in.) Diameter of shaft at thickest point Minimum ... 25 millimetres (1 in.) 30 millimetres Maximum (11 in.) Width of cord,! grip . Minimum 15 centimetres (6 in.) Maximum 16 centimetres (6;} in.)

139 6.-The tapering of the shaft from the maximum diameter to the tip of the metal head or to the rear tip shall be such that the diameter at the midpoint between the end of the cord grip and either tip shall not exceed 90 per cent of maximum diameter of the shaft and that at the point of 15 centimetres (6 in.) from either tip 80 per cent of the maximum diameter. (See diagram.) L 1 900 - II00m" -/

20 millimetres in.) 25 millimetres (l in.)

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3.-The cord shall be about the centre of without thongs, notches or indentations of any kmd on the shaft, and shall not exceed the circumference .of !he shaft by more than 25 millimetres (l in.). The bmdmg shall be of uniform thickness. 4.-The cross-section shall be regularly circular th.ereof shall be throughout and the maximum under the grip. From the gnp the Javelm shall taRcr gradually to the tip of the metal head and the rear tip. The line from the end of the grip to the tip of the metal head may be straight or slightly curved but the must be gradual and there must be no abrupt alteration in the diameter of the section throughout the length of the javelin. 5.-The javelin shall have no mobile parts or apparatus during. the throw .co.uld change Its centre of gravity or throwmg charactenstlcs.

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NOTE.-In reducing the large scale drawing to dimensions suitable for inclusion in the handbook it has been' made to appem' that the point at which the tapered shaft must not exceed 80 per cent of the maximum diameter coincides 'with the commencement of the metal head. This i: no! so as this diameter is the maximum permitted at a dzstance of 150 mm from the point of the metal head tlzc1'e is no relation to the actual length of the head.

140 RULE 205

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Discus l.-Construction. The body of the discus shall be made of wood or other suitable material with metal plates set flush into the sides and shall have, in the exact framed by the metal rim, a means of centre of the securing the correct weight. 2.-It shall conform to the following specifications: Men Women Weight 1 kilogramme 2 kilogrammes Minimum (2 lb. 3.274 oz.) (4 lb. 6.547 oz.) Outer diameter of metal rim 180 millimetres Minimum 219 millimetres (7t in.) (8t in.) 182 millimetres Maximum ..f. 221 millimetres (7t in.) (8t in.) Diameter of metal plates 50 millimetres Minimum 50 millimetres (2 in.) (2 in.) 57 millimetres Maximum '" 57 millimetres (21 in.) (21 in.) Thickness at centre Minimum 44 millimetres 37 millimetres (It in.) (It in.) Maximum '" 46 millimetres 39 millimetres (I in.) (1 i in.) Thickness of the rim at a distance of 6 millimetres (t in.) from the edge Men Women Minimum 12 millimetres 12 millimetres <t in.) H in.) The edge of the metal rim shall be rounded in a true circle. 3.-Each side of the discus shall be identical and shall be made without indentations, projecting or sharp edges. The sides shall taper in a stra.ight line from the begin-

RULE 205

141 of the cur.ve of the rim to a circle a distance of 25 (l m.) from the centre of the discus at 25 millimetres (l in.) from th'e centre f The o the diSCUS shall be exactly the same as at the centre.

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Men; 219-221

Women: 150-182

All measurements in millimetres

Discus

Shot The shot shall be 0 f so I'd' braI.-Construction. ', . . I Iron , ss or any, metal. not softer than brass, or a sh I ' such 1I,IJed With lead or other material I e I of be sphcrJca I III share and the surface must muthst 2 I ,I 'I 00 . : .t S la, conform to the following specl'fi t' If/eight ca Ions.. Minimum Diamete7'

Minimum Maximum

A-fen 726 kilogrammes

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Women 4 kilogrammes

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142

RULE 207

Hammer

Construction I.-Head. The head shall be of solid iron or other metal not softer than brass, or a shell of such metal, filled with lead or other solid material. It must be completely spherical in shape: . . If a filling is used thIS must be mserted In such a manner that it is immovable and that the centre of gravity shall be not more than 6 millimetres (0.25 in.) from the centre of the sphere. 2.-Handle. The handle shall be of single unbroken and straight length of spring steel wire not .less than 3 millimetres (0.118 in.) or No. II Standard Gauge (0.116 in.) in diameter,. and shall be It cannot stretch appreciably whIle the hammer IS bemg thrown. The handle may be looped at one or both ends as a means of . For example of approved hammer handle see diagram.

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143 stretch appreciably while being thrown. It must be attached to the handle in such a manner that it cannot be turned within the loop of the handle to increase the overall length of the hammer. 4.-Connection. The handle shall be connected to the head by means of a swivel which may be either plain or ball bearing. The grip shall be connected to the hand le by means of a loop. A swivel may not be used. 5.-The hamfiler shall conform to the following specifications: W of hammer complete as thrown . MInimum ... 7.26 kilogrammes (l6Ih.) Length of hammer complete as thrown measured from the inside of the grip Mini!Dum 117.5 (3 ft. lOt in.) 121.5 centimetres (3 ft. l l i in.) Dzameter of head Mini!Dum 102 millimetres (4 in.) MaXImum 120 millimetres (4:i in.) Centre of Gravity of Head Not more than 6 millimetres (0.25 in.) from the centre of the sphere. e.g.-It must be possible to balance the head less ha!1 dle and. on a horizontal sharp-edged ci;cu]ar of/fice 12 mIllimetres (0.5 in.) in diameter. (See diagram.)

i ExAMPLE OF ApPROVED HAMMER HANDLE

3.-Grip. The grip may be either of single or double loop construction, but must be rigid and without hingeing joints of any kind. and so made that it RULE 207

,-SUGGESTED CONSTRUCTION OF ApPARATUS FOR TESTING CENTRE OF GRAVITY 'OF HAMMER

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RULE 208 Hanuner 01' Discus Throwing Cage I.-All hammer and discus throws shall be made from an enclosure or cage to ensure the safety of spectators, officials, and competitors. 2.-The cage should be C-shaped in plan, the diameter being ':/ metres (22 ft. 11! in.) with the opening through which the throw is made 6 metres (19 ft. 8-!- in.) wide. The height should not be less than 3.35 metres (11 ft.) but preferably should be at least 4 metres (13 ft. 1tin.). 3.-Cages made to the following specifications are in use and have been found satisfactory. Framework.-A wire cable, or a series of metal struts, is suspended at a height of not less than 3.35 metres (11 ft.) and prtfferably 4 metres (13 it. It in.) above the ground in the shape of a letter C. The radius of the C is 3.5 metres (11 ft. 6 in.) with the open end 6 metres (19 ft. 8tin. ) wide. The cable, or series of struts, is supported in a horizontal plane by eight metal supports made in the shape of gallows, so that the C shape is formed by seven straight panels, each 2.74 metres (9 ft.) wide. Netting.-A net 19.2 metres (63 ft.) long and 0.3 metres (I ft.) wider than the height of the struts, made of cord 12.5 millimetres (0.5 in.) in circumference with 50 millimetres (2 in.) meshes, is suspended from the wire cable or series of metal struts. The lower edge of the net resting on the ground turns inwards towards the centre of the C, and to it are attached at regular mtervals sandbags each weighing approximately 13.5 kilogrammes (30 lb.). Erection.-The eight metal supports are set into the ground either with spikes or permanent sockets. The sockets should be sunk to a depth of approximately 30 centimetres (l ft.) and provided with covers for use when the supports are removed. The supports and suspended nets are kept in position by wire ropes attached to ground spikes. RULE 208

SUGGESTED CONSTRUCTION FOR HAMMER OR DISCUS CAGE

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146 ALTERNATIVE HAMMER OR DISCUS CAGE WITH MOVABLE FLAPS

RULE 209

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1..-construction. Circles shall be made of band iron, 11

steel or other suitable material, the top of which shall be flush with the ground outside. The earth or clay in the circles shall be packed hard, firm and level and 2 centimetres (0.75 in.) (tolerance 6 millimetres (0.25 in.) plus or minus) lower than the outside of the circle. The interior of the circles for shot putting, discus throwing and hammer throwing may be constructed of concrete or a similar material.

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RULE 209 j .

148

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RULE 210 Stop Board (Putting the Shot) 1.--Construction. The. board shall be made of wood or some other suitable material in the shape of an nc so that the inner edge coincides with the inner edge of the circle. also so made that it can be firmly fixed to the ground. 2.--Measurements. The board shall measure 1.22 metres (4 ft.) long <;Âťn. the insidt:. 114. (4.5 in.) wide and 100 mIlhmetres In.) hIgh ID to the level of the inside of the CIrcle and 80 mdhmetres (31 ill.) in relation to the level of the ground outside the -:ircle. 3.-Finish. The board shall be painted white.

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RULE 211 Sectors fOl' Throws from Circles and Arcs The sector within which all throws must fall, shall be clearly marked on the ground with lines 5 centimetres (2 in.) wide, the inner edges of which shall form the sector lines, the radii lines crossing at the centre of the circles. The outer ends of the radii lines should be marked with sector flags.

RULE 212 Sector Flag - 1.-Gonstruction. The sector flag should be entirely of metal. 2.-Measurements. The flag should be rectangular in shape, measuring about 20X 40 centimetres (8 X 16 in.) and not less than 60 centimetres (or 2 ft.) in length, with the standard 8 millimetres (-fir in.) in diameter above the ground. RULE 213 Hurdles I.-Construction. The hurdles shall be made of metal or some other suitable material with the top bar of wood or other suitable material. They shall consist of two bases and two uprights supporting a rectangular frame, reinforced by one or more cross-bars, the uprights to be fixed at the extreme end of each base. The hurdle shall be of such a design that a force at least equal la the weight of 3.6 kilogrammes (8 lb.) applied to lhe centre of the top edge of the crossbar is required to overlurn it. The hurdle may be adjustable in' height for each event. The counterweights must be adjustable so lhat al each height a force at least equal to the weight of 3.6 kilogrammes (8 lb.) and not more than 4 kilogrammes (8 lb. 13 oz.) is required to overturn it.

RULES 211-213

151

ISO 2.-Meosurements. The standard shall be:

height8 of the

Women 84.0 centimetres (2 ft. 9 in.) 100 metres 76.2 centimetres (2 ft. () ill.) 200 metres Men HO metres. 120yards 1.067 metres (3 ft. 6 in.) 200 metres 220 yards 76.2 centimetres (2 ft. 6 in.) 400 metres 440 yards 91.4 centimetres (3 ft. 0 in.) The extreme width shall be 1.20 metres (3 ft. 11 in.). TJte extreme length of the shall be 70 centimetres (2 ft. 3.5 in.). The total weIght of the hurdles shaH be not less than 10 kilogrammes (22tb. 0.75 oz;). NOTE.......ln each case there shall be a toleranCE allO'Wance of 3 millimetres (0.125 in.) above and belO'll) the standard heights, to allow for variation in the mam!facture. I (Also see Rule 163.). 3.-The width of the top bar shall be 70 millimetres (2.75 in.). The thickness of this bar should be between 10 and 25 millimetres. The bar should be finnly fixed at the extremities. ( , " 11-)

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ExAMPLE OF ApPROVED HURDLE

4.-Finish. The top bar should be striped in black and white in such a manner that the white stripes appear at the end of each hurdle and that they shall be at least 225 millimetres (9 in.) in width. The hurdle shall be so placed on the track that the feetol the hurdles shall be on the side of the approach by the competitor. . 5.-Testjng. To check the resisting force of hurdles a Simple sprmg-balance should be used by the application of a pulling force to the centre of the cross-bar. Alternatively use a cord with a hook, applied to the centre of the cross-bar, take the cord along over a pulley fixed conveniently and load the other end of the cord with weights.

RULE 214 Relay Baton Construction. The baton shall be a smooth hollow tub!e circular in section, made of wood or metal or of any other rigid material in one piece, the length of which shall be not more than 30 centimetres (l ft.) and not less than 28 centimetres (11 in.). The circumference shaH be 120 millimetres (4.75 in.) and it shall not weigh less than 50 grammes (l i oz.).

RULE 215 Starting Blocks 1.-:The purpose of starting blocks is to expedite the carrymg through of programmes and to protect the tracks. 2.-They must be constructed entirely' of rigid materials. .3.-They. may be adjustable, but must be made Without sprmgs or other devices whereby the athlete can obtain any artificial assistance. RULES 214-5

m t: "'I',

151 4.-They should be so made as to be easily and quickly placed into position and 'removed without any damage to the track. 5.-.They may be used only in races not exceeding yards and in relay races only by those competing oVer the first stage provided that stage does not exceed 880 yards. (See also Rule 162 para. 9.) RULE 216

Ymish Posts The finish posts shall be of rigid construction of about 1.37 metres (4 ft. 6 in.) in height. Sl :entimetres (3 in.) in width. and 2 centimetres (0.75 in.) in thickness.

IS3

DIVISION IV RULE 381

EVENTS FOR WInCH WORLD RECORDS ARE RECOGNISED

MEN RUDDiug 100 yards 220 .. 440 .. 880 .. 1 mile

2 miles 3.. 6..

100 metres 200

400

10.. 15

800 1000 1500

. .. . ..

2000 metres 3000 .. 5000 .. 10000 .. 20000 .. 25000 .. 30000 .,

1 hour

Steeplechase 3000 metres

50"",....

CHALK

z z o_ -z ... x ""'--'r--

Hurdles 120 yards 220..

a10

440..

Relays 4 X 110 yards 4 X 100 metres 4 X 200 4 X 220.. 4 X 440.. 4 X 400 4 X 880.. 4 X 800 .. 4x 1 mile 4x 1500 ..

. ..

, f."

IÂˇn..

20 miles 30 .. RUEL 216

1]0 metres 200 .. 400 ..

Walking 20000 metres 30000 50000 ..

2 hours

RULE 381

•..

a_. 00

tI:

C§.

xxxx

'-4

1:1

i ! . . b cl· = _.

•

fIJ

- 8' 00 fIJ ::r::r

OQ= = (J(I

=c ::r

----

'-4

xxxx

8888

-88

UloogN-

'-4'-4

"0"0

I I -_.-I

Q rrJ

1:1) _. tI:t:::j

a.....

85l

: :

-"'" ::rO

d1=;3 0"'0 .

e.-8c

1:1)'-4

0_.

(1) .....

: :

OQ.=

l" !! a.

o "'"

=-:"0

e;. "'en"

(l)t:::j'-4 ::r _.

.....

-a_.

00 '<

:1'

N-

'-4(1)

_.OQ

::s

OFFICIAL LIST OF WORLD TRACK AND FIELD RECORDS

(Recognised by the I.A.A.F. as at the 31st-December, 1972) Record

Event

Country

Holder

Date

Place

MEN

100 yards

100 metres

200 metres __........_ (straiaht) 220 yards (straiJht> . 200 metres (turn) _

220 yards (turn) _ .._ 400 metres 440 yards 800 metres 880 yards _ 1000 metres 1500 metres 1 mile 2000 metres 3000 metres

.. . _ :_ . _.. __.. _ .. _ _

9·1

9·9

19·5

19·5 19·8

. ..

20·0 43·8 44·' 1:44·3

. _ .. .

1:44·9 ••...._ .._

2:16·2 3 :33·1

3:.51·1

4:'6-2 7 :3Ni _

. .

_. _

RUNNING Bob Hayes Harry Jerome Jim Hines CharUe Greene John Carlos Jim Hines Ronnie Ray Smith Charlie Greene Jim Hines Eddio Hart Reynaud RobiDaon Tommio Smith

. . .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .

Tommio Smith .. Tommio Smith . DonaId Quarrie .. Tommie Smith .. Lee Evana .. 10hn Smith . Peter Snell _ ... Ralph Doubell .. David Wottlo .. Jim Ryun .. 1l1rpn May . Franz-Joaef Kemper _. Jim Ryun .. lim Ryun _ _ _. Michel Jazy .. Emiol Puttemana . _

U.S.A Canada U.S.A

21. 6.63

13. '.67

. .

I'. 7.66

IS. 6.67

10. ·'.69

20. 6.68 20. 6.68

20.6.68

14.10.68 1. 7.72 1. 7.72 7. '.66 7. S.66

U.S.A.

. ..

N.'z.cahmd

Australia . U.S.A _ U.s.A _ G.D.R ... Germany .. U.s.A. _ U.S.A _ France . Bolaium _

16.10.68

3. 8.71 11. 6.66 18.10.68

26. 6.71 3.2.62

15.10.68

1.7.72 10.6.66 20. 7.6' 21. 9.66 8.• 7.67

23.6.67 12.10.66 14.9.72

St. Louis, Mo. Edmonton. Alb. Houston, Texas Provo, Utah Fresno. Callf. Sacramento, Calif.

City' .. Euaene, Calif.

City" CaU, Columbia Sacramento, CaliC. Mexico City Oreaon Christenurch, N.Z. Mexico City Euaene. Ore.on Torre Haute, Ind. Erfurt, G.D.a. Hannover Loa Anplea Bakel"lfteld. Calit•. St. Maur dea FoaHI Aarhua. Deamark

2 milea _.- _ _ 3 miles _ SOOO metres _ 6 miles 10 000 metres _ __ 10 miles 20 000 metres 1 Hour I'miles 2' 000 metres 30 000 metres

Holder

Record

Event

. . . . . . . .

_ . . .

8:14·0 .._ _ .. 12:47·8 . 13: 13'0 _ _ . 26:47·0 . 27:38·4 . 46:04·2 . 57:44·4 . 20 784 metres . (12 miles 1610 yds.) Ih.12:48·2 . Ih.15:22·6 . Ih.31 :30·4 .

CountrY

...._-_.Lasso Viren Emiel Puttemans ---............ Emiel Puttemans ............ Ran Clarke ........................__. Lasso Virea ..................__... WiUy PoUeunis Gaston Roclants ... ...... Gaston Roclants ..................

Ron Hill --_..... ....--........... -. Ron Hill ...... ..................-.... Jim Alder ....................................

14. 8.72 20.9.72 20.9.72 14. 7.6' 3.9.72 20.9.72 20.9.72 20.9.72

Stockholm Bru-a BruaeIs

21.7.6' 21. 6.6'

Bolton

U.S.A.............

20.10.68

Mexico City

U.S.A.............

10.9.72

Munich

17. 6.67

Provo, Utah

Italy..................

21.7.72

Barletta

U.S.A.............

24.4.70

Des Moines, Iowa

U.S.A..... _ ..

20.10.68

Mexico City

Finland

--"

. -_._-_ -_ _ BeJaium .. ...... _-

Place

Date

Belaium

AUItralia...... Finland

G.B.a: N.I.

5.9.70

Oslo

Munich BruaeIs ,f

LoJidon

RELAYS 4][ 100 metres

38·2

4][ 110 yards

38·6

4 ][ 200 metres

1:21,5

1:21·7

2:56·1

_-.

4 ][ 220

yards

4 ][ 400 metres

Event

Record

4 x 440 yards

3:02,8

4 x 800 metres

7:08·6 ..........

4 x 880 yards

7:11·6 ............................

4 x 1500 metres

14:49,0 _........: ............

4 x 1 mile

16:02'8 ......................

1.20yards ........... 110 metres ............

13·0. 13'2 ...

200 metres (straight) 220 yards "_ 200 metres (bend) .........

21·9 ....................._......... 21·9 .................................... 22·5 ....................................

400 metres .........._.............. 440 yards ..........._ ..._ Steeplechase ..............._....

47·8 ............_................. 48·8 ....._....._ ................ 8 :20'8 _.__........_..._

U.S.A. National Team...... (C. Greene, M. Pender, R. Smith, J. Hines) U.S.A. National Team...... (L. Black, R. Taylor, G. Tinker, E. Hart) Univ. of California (E. McCullouch, F. Kuller, O. J. Simpson, L. Miller) Italian National Team ...... (F. Ossola, P. Abeti, L. Benedetti, P. Mennea) Texas A & M Univ....... 0. D. Rogers, H. Woods. M. Mills, C. Mills) U.S.A. National Team...... (V. Matthews, R. Freeman, L. lames, L. Evans)

Holder

Country

Trinidad & Tobago ............ (L. Yearwood, K. Bernard, E. Roberts, W. Mottley) German National Team .. (M. Kinder, W. Adams, D. BOialzki, F. J. Kemper) Kenya National Team ..... (N. Bon. H. Nyamau. T. Saisi, R. Ouko) Equipe de France (G. Vervoort. C. Nicolas, M. lazy, J. Wadoux) New Zealand Team ............ (K. Ross, A. PolhiU. R. Tayler, TJ.L Quax)

Trinidad ......

13. 8.66

Kinpton, Jamaica

Germany......

13. 8.66

Wiesbaden

--.....

S. 9.70

France .......

25. 6.65

N. Zealand

3. 2.72

Kenya

Date

Place

London St. Maur des Fosses

Auckland

HURDLES Rodney Milburn Martin Lauer ......................... Lee Calhoun Earl McCullouch .............. WiIlie Davenport .................. Rodney Milburn Don Styron ....... ...................-._. Don Styron ......... Martin Lauer ... Glenn Davis ................ John Akii·Bua Ralph Mann ... :.::::::::::::::::= ADders Glrderud ..... __

U.S.A..... Germany..... U.S.A....

...... U.S.A......._.. Upnda U.S.A........._ Sweden .."._.

25. 7. 21. 16. 4. 7. 2. 2. 7. 20. 2. 20. 14.

6.71 7.59 8.60 7.67 7.69 9.72 4.60 4.60 7.59 8.60 9.72 6.70 9.72

Euaene, Oreion Zurich . Berne Minneapolis Zurich Munich Baton Rouie, La• ZUriCh Berne Munich Des Moines, Iowa Helsinki

Date

Country

Holder

Record

Event

Place

CA 00

WALKING 20 ()()() metres .. 2 hours .... ................... ... .... '

30 ()()() metres 20 miles 30 miles 50 ()()() metres

Peter Frenkd ............... .......... Karl-Heinz Stadtmtiller ...

Ih.25 :50·0 ..... ..........

26 911 metres ... (16 miles 1270 yds.) 2h.l4:45·6 2h.31 :33,0 .. 3h.56:12·6 4h.03 :42,6 .. ......

Karl-Heinz Stadtmtiller .. Anatoliy Vedjakov .. ......... Peter Se1zcr Veniamin Soldatenko ......

G.D.R._ ..... G.D.R. .........

4.7.70 16.4.72

Erfun Berlin

G.D.R...... U.S.S.R..... G.D.R...... U.S.S.R......

16.4.72 23. 8.58 3.10.71 5.10.72

Berlin Moscow Naumbura Moscow

U.S.A..__.. U.S·.S.R...

3. 7.71 2. 7.72 18.IJ.68 17.10.72

Berk("ley, Calif. Ergene,Oreaon City Sukhumi

Collelle Station, Texas

JUMPING High Jump ..........•. Pole Vault .. ........ Long Jump ......... Triple Jump

.... -

2·29m. (7ft. 61in.) 5·63m. (18ft. 5lin.) 8·90m (29f1. 17·44m. (57ft. 21in.)

Pat rick Matzdorf . .............. Roben Seagren -Roben Beamon Victor Saneyev ............

21·78m. (7Ift.5!in.) 68·40m. (224ft. Sin.)

Randy Matson

U.S.A..

22. 4.67

Jav Silvester Rickard Bruch Waiter Schmidt Janis Lusis

Germany U.S.S.R.

18. 5. 4. 6.

THROWING Shot Discus

76·40m. (250ft. 8in.) 93·80m. (307ft. 9in.)

Hammer Javelin

9.68 7.72 9.71 7.72

DECATHLON

8.9.72 V.S.S.R. Nicolai Avilov 8454 points (11,0. 7·68m., 14.36nL 2·12m.• 48:5, 14,31, 46·98m.• 4·55m .• 61·66m.• 4 :22'8)

Event

Record

Holder

Reno, Nevada Stockholm Lahr Stockholm

Country

Munich

Date

Place

WOMEN RUNNING 60 metres

7·2 ..

100 yards ...... 100 metres ..........................

\0'0 11·0

200 metres

22·4 .....__

220 yards ..,........................... 400 metres .....................

22·6. 51·0 .....

440 yards .............................. '800 metres ........................... 880 yards ...................

52-4 1:58'5 2:02'0.

1500 metres ........................ I mile ....................................

4:01·4 .... 4:35·3 ........

4 x 100 metres

42·8 ...................................

Detty CuthberL.........__........... lrina Dochkaryova ............... Chi Cheng Wyomia Tyus . Chi Cheng .. Renaie Meissner Renate Stecher (nee Meissner) Eva Gleskova ChiCheng Renate Stecher Chi Cheng ............ Marilyn Neufville .... Monika Zehrt ... Judith Amoore .... Hildegard Falck Dixie Willis ......... ,.... ................ Judy Pollock Ludmilla Bragina . Ellen Tittel ............................ -

Australia .. lJ.S.S.R.. Rep. of China U.S.A ... Rep.orChina G.D.R ... G.D.R ...

27. 2.60 23. 8.60 13. 6.70 15.10.68 18. 7.70 2. 8.70 31. 7.71 1. 7.72

Sydney Moscow Portland, U.S.A. Mexico City Sudstadt, Austria Berlin Berlin

Cz'ovakia Rep.ofChina a.D.R. Rep.ofChina Jamaica ... G.D.R .......... Australia Germany... Australia... Australia .. U.S.S.R .... G.:rmany

3. 5. 9. 20.

U.S.A .....

20.10.68

Mexico City

Germany......

10. 9.72

Munich

12. 7. 3. 23. 4. 27.

11.

7.70 9.72 7.70 7.70 7.72 2.65 7.71 3.62 7.67 9.72 8.71

Budapest Munich Munich Los Angeles. D.S.A. Edinburgh Paris Perth Stuttgart Perth Stockholm Munich Sittard, Netherlands

RELAYS U.S.A. National Team...... (B. Ferrell, M. Bailes M. Netter, W. Tyus) German National Team .. (C. Krause, J. Mickler. A. Richter, H. Rosendahl)

-;).'

Record

Event 4 x 110 yards

44·7

4 x 200 metres

1:33,8

4 x 220 yards

1:35-8

4 x 400 metres

3:23,0 ....

4 x 440 yards

3 :38·8

4 x 800 metres

8:16,8

Country

Holder Tennessee State Univ. (D. Hughes, D. Wedgeworth, M. Render, I. Davis) G.B. &N.I. National Team (M. Tranter, D. James, J. Simpson, V. Peat) Australian Inter-State ....... Team (M. R. Hoffman, R. A. Boyle, P. Kilbom, J. F. Lamy) German Democratic Republic (D. Kasling, R. Kiihne, H. Seidler, M. Zehrt) Atoms Track Club ... (M. McMillan, L. Reynolds, G. Fitzgerald, C. ToussainO German National Team .. (E. Tittel, S. Schenk, C. Merten, H. Falck) '",,,,

Date

Place

U.S.A...... .....

9. 7.71

G.B. & N.I.

24. 8.68

London

Australia......

9.11.69

Brisbane

G.D.R......

10.9.72

Munich

U.S.A.

..........

10.7.71

Bakersfield, Calif.

Germany....

31. 7.71

Lubeck

G.D.R. Australia ..

IS. 6.72 28. 6.72 25.11.71

Potsdam' Warsaw Melbourne

Bulgaria Germany...

24. 9.72 3. 9.70

Zagreb, Yugoslavia Turin, Italy

Bakersfield, Calif.

HURDLES lOOm. Hurdles

12·5

200m. Hurdles

25·7

Annelie Ehrhardt Pamela Ryan Pamela Ryan

High Jump Long Jump

1·94m. (6ft. 6·84m. (22ft. 5tin.)

Jordanka Blagoyeva ........... Heide Rosendahl

JUMPING

Event

Record

. ·: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : . ravelin

Holder

Country

Date

U.S.S.R .. Rumania .

7.9.72 23.9.72

Constanza

G.D.R

11. 6.72

Potldam

O.B. &N.I.

3; 9.72

Munich

Place

THROWING 21'·03m. (69ft. Oin.) ·67·32m.· . lOin.) 6S·06m• .....................

(213ft. Sin.)

Chizhova aentina Menis

. ..

Ruth Fuchs .................................

PENTATHLON 4801 points.,................ Mary Peters (13'29, 16'20m., 1'82m. ,S'98m., 24 '08)

·Ratified January 1973

-0\

-q.

0"1

OFFICIAL LIST OF OLYMPIC GAMES RECORDS Time, Heilht or Distance

Event

Holder

MEN

100 metres .. 200 metres _-_ . 400 metres . 800 metres . 1500 metres .. SOOO metres .. I metres . IIOm. Hurdles .. 400m. Hurdles . 3000m.Steeplechase 4 x lOOm. Relay .......

4 x 400m. Relay .........

..::::.::::::.:::::::::::

Triple Jump Pole Vault Shot Putt Discus Hammer Javelin Decathlon

.. .. . .. .. .. · ·

Event Road

James Hines _ .. Tommie Smith .. Lee Evans · 43-8 . Ralph Doubell... ·..· 1:44·3 · .. .. Kipchoge Keino 3:34·9 · Lasse Viren . 13:26·4 · · .. Lasse Viren 27:38·4 ·.. Rodney Milbum .. 13-2 . John Akii-Bua . 47-8 ··..·· · .. Kipcholle Keino 8:23·6 · .. U.S.A. 38·2 ·.. · (C. Greene. M. Pender, R. Smith, J. Hines) ......... U.S.A. (L. Black, R. Taylor, G. Tinker, E. Hart) ...... U.S.A. .. 2:56·1 (V. Matthews, R. Freeman, L. James, L. Evans) .. Richard Fosbury 2·24m. (7ft. 4in.)...... Robert Beamon 8·9Om. (29ft. 2Hn.) Victor Saneyev .. 17·39m.(57ft.0;in.) Wolfllanll Nordwill 5·50m. (18ft. O.in.) Vladislav Komar .. 2H8m. (69ft. 6in.) AI Oerter . 64·78m. (212ft. 6in.) .. Anatoly Bondarchuk 75·50m. (247ft. 8in.) Klaus Wolfermann . 90·48m.(296ft.l0in.) .. Nikolai Avilov 8454 points .

9·9 19·8

. ..

Time,. Heiaht or Distance

3h.56.'11·6 .. 2h.12:11·2

. .

Date

U.s.A . U.s.A .. U.S.A. .. Australia .. Kenya .. Finland . Finland U.S.A .. Uganda . Kenya U.S.A.·......··..

1968 1968 1968 1968 1968 1972 1972 1972 1972 1972 1968

Mexico City Mexico City Mexico City Mexico. City Mexico City Munich Munich Munich Munich Munich Mexico City

U.S.A

1972

Munich

1968

Mexico City

1968 1968 1968 1972 1972 1968 1972 1972 1972

Mexico City Mexico City Mexico City Munich Munich Mexico City Munich Munich Munich

U.S.A..... U.S.A U.S.A U.S.S.R G.D.R Poland D.S.A U.S.S.R Germany U.S.S.R

. . . . .. . .. . ;..

Holder

iD events where World Records are Dot recoIlDi:l:ed Ih.26:42·4............ Peter Frenkel

50 000Walk metres Road Marathon

Place

Country

Betnd Kannenbera

Abebe Bikila

WOMEN metres 400metres . 800metres lOOm. Hurdles 4 x lOOm. R-elay

51'1

22-4

. :: .

1:58·6 12·6 42'8

entathlon

11·0

.. ..

.. . .

1·92 (6ft. Hin.)......... 6·82m. (22ft. 4iin.) 21·03m. (69ft. 66·62m.(218ft.7in. 63·88m.(209ft.7in. 4801 points .

. W•.Tyus f:nate Stecher .. H'lnika Zehrt . I dellard Falck .. Annelie Ehthardt .. U.S.A .. (B. Ferrell, M. Bailes M. Netter, W. Tyus) , Germany . (C. Krause, I. Mickler A. Richter, ' H. Rosendahl) U1rike Meyfarth ..

F' M Ralna elnik Muth ary eters

. · . :.... .. .. ..

U.s.A G.D.R G.D.R Germany G.D.R U.S.A

. .. . . .. .

1968 1972 1972 1972 1972 1968

Mexico City Munich Munich Munich Munich Mexico City

Germany......

1972

Munich

Germany .. Rumania . U.S.S.R .. U.S.S.R .. G.D.R .. G.B. ". N. I.

1972 1968 1972 1972 1972 1972

Munich Mexico City Munich Munich Munich Munich

164 165

WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS Held in conjunction with the Olympic Games, Munich, 1972

HAMMER A. Bondarchuk (U.S.S.R.)

MEN V. Borzov R. Taylor L. Miller

100 METRES (U.S.S.R.) (U..s.A.) (Jamaica)

10·14 10'24 10·33

V. Borzov L. Black P. Mennca

200 METRES (U.S.S.R.) (U.S.A.) (Italy)

20'00 20'19 20'30

V. Matthews W. Collett J. Sang

400 METRES (U.S.A.) (U.S.A.) (Kenya)

44·66 44·80 44·92

D. Wottle Y. Arzhanov M.Boit

800 METRES (U.S.A.) (U.S.S.R.) (Kenya)

1500 METRES (Finland) (Kenya) (N. Zealand)

P. Vasala K. Keino R.Dixon

5000 L. Viren M.Gammoudi I. Stewart

METRES (Finland) (Tunisia) (G.B. & N.I.)

1:45·9 1:45,9 1:46,0

3:36,3 3:36,8 3:37,5

13:26'4 13:27,4. 13:27,6

MARATHON F. Shorter (U.S.A.) K. Lismont (Belgium) M. Wolde (Ethiopia)

2h.12:19·8 2h.14:31·8 2h.15:08·4

4 x 100 METRES RELAY I. U.S.A. (L. Black, R. Taylor, G. Tinker, E. Hart), 38·2 = WR. 2. U.S.S.R. (A. Kornelyuk, V. Lovetskiy, J. Silovs, V. Borzov), 38·5. 3. Germany (J. Hirscht, K. Klotz, G. Wucherer, K. Eh!), 38·8. 4 x 400 METRES RELAY I. Kenya (C. Asati, H. Nyamau, R. Ouko, J. Sang), 2:59,8. 2. G.B. & N.I.· (M;. Reynolds, A. Pascoe, D. Hemery, D. Jenkins). 3 :00·5 3. Franc!" 'G. Bertould, D. Velasquez, F. Ke.lllriou, J. Carette), 3:00,7. Y. Tarmak S. Junge D. Stones

HIGH JUMP (U.S.S.R.) 2'23m/7'3tM (G.D.R.) 2'2Im/7'Y (U.S.A.) 2'2Im/7'Y

W. Nordwig R. Seagren J. Johnson

POLE VAULT . (G.D.R.) 5·50m/18'Ot·M 5'40m/17'8i (U.S.A.) 5·35m/17'6i·

LONG JUMP M R. Williams (U.S.A.) 8'24m/27'OtM H. Baumgartner (Ger.) 8·18m/26'IO A. Robinson (U.S.A.) 8'03m/26'4i H

10 000 METRES (Finland) WR 27:38,4 L. Viren (Belgium) 27:39,6 E. Puttemans (Ethiopia) 27:41,0 M. Yifter

HOrn. R. Milbum G. Drut T. Hill

HURDLES (D.S.A.) = WR 13'24 (France) 13·34 (D.S.A.) 13'48

400m. HURDLES (Uganda) WR 47·82 (U.S.A.) 48·51 (G.B. & N.I.) 48·52

1. Akii-Bua R. Mann D. Hemery

STEEPLECHASE (Kenya) K.Keino (Kenya) B. Jipcho T. Kantanen (Finland)

8:23,6 8:24,6 8:24,8

V. Saneyev

TRIPLE JUMP (U.S.S.R.)

J. Drehmel

(G.D.R.)

N. Prudencio

(Brazil)

W. Komar G. Woods H. Briesenick

L. Danek

17'35m/ 56'111 17'3Im/ 56'9t l7-05m/ 55'111· H

SHOT (Pol.) 21·18m/69'6· (U.S.A.) 21'17m/69'5!M (G.D.R.) 21'14m/ 69'41· DISCUS (Czech.)

J. Silvester

(U.S.A.)

R. Bruch

(Sweden)

64·40m/ 211'3· 63'50m/ 208'4· 63'40m/ 208'0*

J. Sachse

(G.n.R.)

V. Khmelevski

(U.S.s.R.1

JAVELIN K. Wulle:rmann (Ger.)

J. Lusis

(U.S.S.R.l

W. Schmidt

(U.S.A.)

75'50m/ 247'8" 74'96m/ 245'11" 74'\l4m/ 242'11·

90·48111/ 296'10" 90'46m/ 296'9"

84·42m/ 276'11"

DECATHLON J. N. Avilov, U.S.S.R.,. (11'0, 7·68m., 14·36m.• 2·12m., 48'5.14'31, 46·98m., 4'55m, 61·66m., 4:22'8) 8.454 points. 2. L. Litvinenko, U.S.S.R., (I J'I3, 6·8Im .• 14·18m., J ·89m .• 48'4, ,15'03, 47·1l4m., 4·40m., 58·94m., 4:05'9) 8,0.15 points. 3. R. Katus, Poland, (10'89, 7·09m., 14·39rti., 1·92m., 49'1, 14'41, 43·00m., 4·50m., 59·96m., 4:31 '9) 7,984 points. 20Km WALK P. Frenkel (G.n.R.) Ih.26:42·4 V. Golubnichiy (U.S.S.R.) Ih.26:55·2 H. Rcimann (G.D.R.) Ih27:16'6 50Km WALK (<;ier.) 3h.56:11·6 (U.S.S.R.) 3h.58:24·0 (U.S.A.) 4h.OO:46·0

B. Kannenberg V. Soldatenko 1.. Young

-I-

167

INDEX

166

Rule

Rule R. Stecher R. Boyle S. Chivas

100 METRES (G.D.R.) (Australia) (Cuba)

R. Stecher R. Boyle I. Szewinska

200 METRES (G.D.R.) = WR 22·40 (Australia) 22'45 (Poland) 22·74

11·07 11·23 11·24

51'08 51'21 51·64

800 METRES H. Falck (Germany) N. Sabaite (U.S.S.R.) G. Holfmeister (G.D.R.)

1:58·6 1:58·7 1:59-2

1500 METRES L. Bragina (U.S.S.R.) G. Holfmeister (G.D.R.) P. Cacchi (Italy) i

lOOm A. Ehrhardt V. Bufanu K. Balzer

HURDLES (G.D.R.) (Rumania) (G.D.R.)

N. Chizhova M. Gummel

I. Khristova

F. Melnik

400 METRES M. Zehrt (G.D.R.) R. Wilden (Germany) K. Hammond (U.S.A.)

WR4:01-4 4:02·8 4:02·9

SHOT (U.S.S.R.) WR 21·03m /69'0" (G.D.R.) 20'22ml 66'41" (Bulgaria) 19·35ml 63'6" DISCUS (U.S.S.R.)

A. Menis

(Rumania)

V. Stoyeva

(Bulgaria)

R. Fuchs

JAVELIN (G.D.R.)

J. Todten

(G.D.R.)

K. Schmidt

(U.S.A.)

66·62m/ 21S'7" 65-06m/ 213'5" 64,34m/ 211 'I" 63-8Sm/ 209'7" 62·54m/ 2fJ5'2" 59·94m/ 196'8"

4 x 100 METRES RELAY

12'59 12'S4 12·90

HIGH JUMP U. Meyfarth (Ger.) = W 1'92m/6'3t" Y. Blagoyeva (Bulg.) I'SSm/6'2" I. Gusenbauer (Austria) I'SSm/6'2" LONG JUMP H. Rosendahl (Ger.) 6·78m/22'3" D. Yorgova (Bulg.) E. Suranova (Czech.) 6·67m/21 'IOr

No.

No:

WOMEN

l. Germany. (c. Krause. I. Mickler. A

Richter. H. Rosendahl), 42·S = WR. 2. G.D.R., (E. Kaufer, C. Heinich, B. Struppert, R. Stecher), 42·9. 3. Cuba, (M. Elejarde. C. Valdes, F. Romay. S. Chivas). 43·4. 4 x 400 METRESRELAY l. G.D.R., (D. Kasling, R. Kiihne, H. Seidler, M. Zehrt). 3 :22'9. 2. U.S.A., (M. Fergerson. M. Jackson, C. Toussaint, K. Hammond). 3 3. Germany. (A. Rlickes, I. Boddmg, H. Falck. R. Wilden), 3:26'5.

PENTATHLON I. M. Peters, G.B. & N.I.. (13,29. 16·20m., I·S2m., 5·9Sm., 24·OS). 4,SOI P?ints. 2. H. Rosendahl, Germany, (13'34. 13·SGm., 1·65m., 6·S3m., 22·96). 4.79! pomts. 3. B. Pollak, G.D.R., (13'53, 16·04m., 1·76m., 6·2Im., 23'93), 4,768 pomts.

Advertisingrecord attempt '" numbers use of name in the arena Age--cross-coutry Alterations to rules Amateur status Announcer Apparatus Area Championships Assistancecross-country in event marathon shoes walk Awards-value Bell Broadcasting-radio & T.V.

ChampionshipsArea World ... Check-marks Clothing ... _ Competition abroad Competition, The Competition Rules Congress ... .,. Constitution of the IA.A.F. Council Cross-country Decathlon World records Discusgeneral ... cage circle construction flags

148

53:142 53

168 10 .. .51-55 125 201-216 ... 12-13

211:181 sectors .. , 146 ties 142:143:181 trials Disqualification116 conduct 142 delays . 144 doping . 142 interference 142 out of lane 142:166 relay 162 starting ... 144 Doping-drugs 143 Draw

168 142 165 Electrical timing ... 142 Eligi bility191 country ... 12 international

Entries

122 Expenses

53.. Finals Finishgeneral judges 13 posts 13 142:171 Flags142 cross-country 12 sector throwing events... 142 tracks 101-195 7 walking Footwear

119

53 141

143 162 117 162:216 168 212:181 181:212 161 191

1-54

6 Gloves

168

Hammergeneral ... cage circle construction 181:183 195 148

... 208

183:209 205 212:181

sectors ... ties trial/order

185 181 :185 208 185:209 207 181 :212 181 :211 146 181:142:143

168 No.

Handicaps Heats High jumpgeneral ... apparatus ties Hurdlesgeneral ... construction wind

169

Rule No.

Rule 148 Long jump143 general ... specifications 171 :172 ties 201 trials/order 146 wind

No.

171-174 203 146 171:142:143 148

163 Manager 112 213 Marathon 165 148 Marshal 124 Material assistancce 16 ImplementsMeasurements 145: 102:165 comply LA.A.F. 149 Medical201-216 specifications ... Committee 8 Improper conduct marathon 165 116 Inclination-tolerances relay 166 171: 181 field walkir 191 women ' 141: 148 track 161 :148 142 Membership of I.A.A.F. 4 Interference 119 Intermediate timesi International meetings 12 Nominations for IA.A.F. Committees 7 Invitations 12 Numbers-competitors 121: 142 Javelin3 181-182 Obiects of the LA.A.F. general 5 204 Officers of the LA.A.F. construction Officials211 :212: 181 sector/flags cross-country ... 168 146 ties duties 111-126 181:142:143 trials/order OlympicsJudgeschampionships 13 168 cross-country One-hour race 162 117:142 field 117 racing ... 117:191 Pcntathlonwalking general ... 195 Jumpsheats 143 171-175 general ... wo rid records 148 201-203 specifications 13 171:142 Permits for Area Games trials/order 117:162 168 Photo-fin ish- -judges J Pointsmen···-cross-country 168 Jury115:147 Pole v3ult--duties general ... 171: 173 grip 142 142:161 Lanes 142 numbers Languagespecifications 201 :202 9 meetings ... 146 ties 162 start 173:149 122 Private implements Lap scorers ... 12:53 142 Prizes Lap times 0

Rule Protests

Rule

No.

120:162:168 147 Starter Starter's Assistants 121 :162 Starting blocks 162:215 for reptesent164 12 Steeplechase mgcountry '" ,.. Stewards ... III Qualifying competitionsSubscription fees 4 general... . 143 Surveyor 126:145:148 Suspensions 11 Recall Starters 161: 162 Recontest ... 116:142 Tapes-steel, fibre glass 145:148 Recorders 123 TeamsRecordscross-country ... 168 World ... 148 167 track Referees 116 Technical Committee 8 Technical Manager 114 cross-country 168 Throwingmarathon 165 general 142:143:181:185 walking 191 specifications 204:212 Relaystics 146 214 . trials 142:143:181 general . 166 Tieslanes 152-161 cross-country 168 Re-run 116: 142 decathlon 195 Re-instatement 11 pentathlon 195 Resin 142 teams 167 track/field 146 Scholarships 12 Time-interval-heat & final 143 ScoringTimekeepers168 cross-country decathlon 195 195 decathlon duties 119 142 international matches one/two hours races 162 195 pentathlon pentathlon 195 113 Secretary ... records ... 148 143 Tolerances Seeding 161 168 Torso Scni ors--cross-country 119:162 Tracks Shot...161 general... 184:181 Travel expenses 14 circles ... ... 209 Triple jumpconstruction 206 general ... 175:171 sectors/flags 181:21l:212 take-off board ." 203 stop board .,. 210 ties 146 ties 146 trials 142:143:171 wind trials/order 142:143:181 148 Simultaneous events 142 Specifications 201:216 Umpires 118:168 Sponging points 165 Sponsorship ... 15:16 4 Start 161:162:168 Voting

170 Rule

Rule

No.

Walkinggeneral rules judges ... 'Lugano'Trophy safety precautions shoes Walking Committee Watches '" Water jump Weights Wind-record Wind Gauge Operator Wooden surfaces World records

No.

Worsted

162

...

191 Women117:191 Committee 192 competition rules cruss-country 191 142 ... 8

119 164 145 148 127 148 148:381

hurdles ". javelin ,.. officials nationality medical certificate official register pentathlon shot

8 101

168

205

163 204 111

12 141 :148 141

.,.

195 206

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