Zl vdk if 2 0 2 2 jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay:oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf; jrefrmhr[mAsL[mESifh rl0g'avhvma&; tifpwDusKrS xkwfa0onf/ (2022)
Institute for Strategy and Policy-Myanmar jrefrmhr[mAsL[mESifh rl0g'avhvma&; tifpwDusK www.ISPMyanmar.cominfo@ISPMyanmar.com
jrefrmhr[mAsL[mESifh rl0g'avhvma&; tifpwDusK (ISP-Myanmar) onf vGwfvyfNyD; ygwDpGJuif;aom tpdk;&r[kwfonfh okawoet¸ jzpfygonf/ ISP-Myanmar \ ajrmfjrifcsufrSm jrefrmEdkifiHudk ½kef;xBuHhcdkifrI tm;aumif; NyD; onf;cHpdwfBuD;rm;aom vlrIt¸tpnf;w&yftjzpf ay:xGef;vmapa&; jzpfonf/ OD;wnfcsuftaejzifh 'Drdkua&pDusaom acgif;aqmifrIudk jr§ifhwif tm;ay;&efESifh EdkifiHhta&;wGif EdkifiHom;rsm;yg0ifrI tm;aumif;ap&ef jzpfyg onf/ ISP-Myanmar taejzifh txufazmfjyyg ajrmfjrifcsufESifh OD;wnfcsuf ESpf&yfudk tajccHí jrefrmh'Drdkua&pDta&;? zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk wnf aqmufa&;ESifh t&yfbuft¸tpnf;rsm; &Sifoeftm;aumif;a&;wdkYudk t"du tpDtpOfoHk;&yfjzifh vkyfaqmifaeygonf/ ISP-Myanmar u vkyfaqmifaeonfh t"du tpDtpOfoHk;&yfrSm ¼ (1) rl0g'OD;wnfonfh okawoevkyfief;rsm; (2) okawoet&nftaoG; jr§ifhwifa&;oifwef;rsm; ydkYcsjcif;ESifh acgif;aqmiftqifh aqG;aEG;xdpyfjcif;rsm; (3) rD'D,mMum;cHaygif;pHkjzifh jyifyqufqHa&;vkyfief;pOfrsm;qufqHqufoG,fa&;ESifh jzpfygonf/ ISP-Myanmar u txl;jyKavhvmwifjyaeonfhe,fy,f oHk;&yf&SdNyD; ¤if;wdkY rSm (u) y#dyu©? Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifh vHkNcHKa&;u@? (c) wïwfa&;&mavhvmrIESifh (*) EdkifiHa&; abm*aA'taMumif;csif;&mrsm; jzpfygonf/ tqdkyg e,fy,f oHk;&yfESifhywfoufaom a'wmtcsuftvufrsm;udk azmfjyjcif;? qef;ppf csufrsm;ESifh jzpfwefajctuJjzwfjcif;wdkYvnf; pOfqufrjywf vkyfaqmifae ygonf/ xdkenf;wl 2021 ckESpf ppftmPmodrf;rIjzpfNyD;aemufydkif; taMumif; trsKd;rsKd;aMumifh ynmoif,lcGifh qHk;âH;aeonfh vli,frsm;twGuf Mum; umvynma&; jznfhqnf;ay;rItjzpf Bridge Education Program udkvnf; vkyfaqmifaeygonf/ ISP-Myanmar u vkyfaqmifaeaom taMumif; t&mrsm;ESifh azmfjycsufrsm;udk www.ISPMyanmar.com ü avhvmEdkifyg onf/ n ISP-Myanmar taMumif;
t,f'Dwmt¸ aexGef;Edkif ? eef;vGif&wematmif ? vif;xufatmif pmrsufESm¸pnf;rI xGef;OD; ? NzdK;OD;ydkif rsufESmzkH;'DZdkif; PNGtree.com wGif syedhassan ESifh 588ku wdkY a&;qGJxm;aom Vector image ESpfckudk aygif;pyfí xGef;OD;u rsufESmzkH;'DZdkif; jyKvkyfxm;ygonf/ ,ckppfwrf;udk International Republican Institute (IRI) \ b@ma&;tultnDjzifhwïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay:ykHESdyfrSwfwrf;aqmif&GufcJhygonf/ jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf; (2022) Zlvdkif ? 2022 /
rmwdum u ppfwrf;taMumif; 11 u ppfwrf;aumuf,lyHk enf;pepf 13 u okawoeusifh0wfESifh vkyfief;pOf 19 u xl;jcm;aom awGU&Sdcsufrsm; 23 u awGU&Sdcsufrsm; 35 l w½kwfEdkifiHtay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ 37 a,bk,soabmxm;tjrif l jrefrmEdkifiH\ EdkifiHa&;tusyftwnf;wGif w½kwfEdkifiH\ yg0ifrI 51 l jrefrmEdkifiHESifh w½kwfEdkifiHtMum; pD;yGm;a&;t& qufqHa&; 69 l jrefrmhNidrf;csrf;a&; vkyfief;pOfwGif w½kwfEdkifiH\ yg0ifrI 79 l w½kwf¼jrefrm pD;yGm;a&;pBuøpDrHudef;rsm;tay: oabmxm;tjrif 89 l udkApf¼19 a&m*gtwGuf w½kwfEdkifiH\ ulnDrItay: oabmxm;tjrif 101 l w½kwfEdkifiH\ taysmhqGJMoZm wnfaqmufrItay: tjrifrsm; 111 l w½kwfenf;ynmoHk; rdkbdkif;zkef;rsm;? tufyvDau;&Sif;rsm;ESifh 119 vHkNcHKa&;qdkif&m tDvufxa&mepfypönf;rsm; oHk;pGJrItajctae
ppfwrf;taMumif;
a&;
wdkif;&if;om; vufeufudkift¸ (EAOs) acgif;aqmifrsm;\ oabmxm;tjrifrsm;udk vnf; ppfwrf;aumuf,lcJhygonf/ ISP-Myanmar \ awGU&Sdcsufrsm;onf wïwf¼ jrefrm qufqHa&;ü yg0ifaeaom oufqdkifolt¸tpnf;rsm;\ rl0g'rsm;csrSwfjcif;ESifh vkyfief;pDrHcsufrsm; taumiftxnfazmf&mwGif taxmuftuljzpfap&ef &nf&G,f ygonf/ n
t"duyHkazmfaeonfh
wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf; ckESpf ppftmPmodrf;rIjzpfcJhNyD; wESpftMumü jrefrmhr[mAsL[mESifh rl0g'avhvm tifpwDusK (ISP-Myanmar) onf a&G;aumufyGJqdkif&m jynfoªvIyf&Sm;rIt¸ (PACE) \ wïwf¼jrefrm qufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g' todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifqdkif&m okawoeppfwrf;wck jyKvkyfcJhygonf/ xdkYaMumifh u@trsKd;rsKd;wGif usifvnfvIyf&Sm;aeMuonfh jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;rS y"meusaom yk*¾dKvfrsm;taejzifh wïwf¼jrefrm ESpfEdkifiHtMum; qufqHa&;tm; tajccHtaMumif;t&mrsm;ESifh ywfoufí em;vnfrI? wlnDrI uGJjym;rIrsm; rnfodkY&Sdonfudk ppfwrf;aumufavhvmcJhygonf/ txl;ojzifh ppftmPmodrf;NyD; aemufydkif; jzpfvmonfh EdkifiHa&;tcif;tusif;wGif wïwfEdkifiH\ yg0ifrI? wïwfEdkifiH yg0ifaeNyD; umv&SnfwpfqdkYaeaom Nidrf;csrf;a&;vkyfief;pOf? wïwfEdkifiH\ &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIESifh ukefoG,fa&;? wïwf¼jrefrm pD;yGm;a&;pBuøpDrHudef;rsmESifh wïwfEdkifiH\ulnDrItay: oabmxm;tjrifrsm;ESifhywfouf onfh taMumif;t&mrsm;tay: buftoD;oD;\,lqcsufrsm;udk ppfwrf;aumuf avhvmcJhonf/ xdkYtjyif wïwfEdkifiH\ taysmhqGJMoZm wnfaqmufrIrsm;ESifh wïwf enf;ynmoHk; rdkbdkif;zkef;rsm;? tufyvDau;&Sif;rsm;ESifh vHkNcHKa&;qdkif&m tDvuf xa&mepfypönf;rsm; oHk;pGJrItay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ ,lqcsufrsm;vnf; jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;[kqdk&mwGifyg0ifonf/ EdkifiHa&;ESifh pD;yGm;a&;e,frSyk*¾dKvfrsm;? vlxk tajcjyK t&yfbuft¸tpnf;rsm; txl;ojzifh wïwfEdkifiH\ EdkifiHa&;? pD;yGm;a&;ESifh EdkifiHwumqufqHa&; udpörsm;ESifhqufpyfNyD; tuRrf;w0if&Sdaeonfh jrefrmEdkifiHrS wwfodynm&Sifrsm;? wuf<uvIyf&Sm;olrsm;? xif&Sm;aomyk*¾dKvfrsm;tygt0if
enf;ynmtultnDjzifh
udkApfuyfa&m*gtwGuf
12 2021
rsm;ESifh
ppfwrf;aumuf,lyHk enf;pepf
14 wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf; ISP-Myanmar u jyKvkyfcJhaom okawoeppfwrf;wGif udef;*Pef;tajcjyK avhvmqef;ppfrIenf;pepfudk tqifhoHk;qifhjzifh taumiftxnfazmfcJhonf/ yxr tqifhtm;jzifh ueOD;jyifqifrIESifh a&G;cs,frI rlabmifowfrSwfjcif; (Pre-survey Preparation and Constructing the Sampling Frame)? a&G;cs,fxm;aom yk*¾dKvfrsm;\ tcsuftvufrsm;udk pkaqmif;jcif;? okawoeqdkif&m ar;cGef;rsm; jyKpkjcif;? awGUqHk ar;jref;rnfholrsm;tm; oifwef;ydkYcsjcif;wdkYudk aqmif&GufcJhygonf/ 'kwd,tqifhwGif okawoeqef;ppfcsufrsm;twGuf om"u,ltkyfpkrsm;tjzpf vsmxm;aomyk*¾dKvfrsm; ESifhawGUqHkar;jref;jcif;rsm; (Conducting Survey Interviews) aqmif&GufcJhNyD; wwd, tqifhü &&Sdvmaom tcsuftvufrsm;udk xnfhoGif;jcif;? rSwfwrf;wifjcif;? qef;ppf jcif;ESifh tpD&ifcHpma&;om;jcif;rsm; (Data Analysis and Writing) yg0ifcJhonf/ ueOD;jyifqifrIESifha&G;cs,frI rlabmifowfrSwfjcif;tqifhwGif ISP-Myanmar ESifh PACE wdkYonf okawoeqef;ppfcsufrsm;twGuf arQmfrSef;csufrsm; csrSwfjcif;? qef;ppfcsufenf;emrsm; qHk;jzwfjcif;? ppfwrf;twGuf ar;cGef;rsm; jyifqifjcif;wdkYudk yl;wGJvkyfaqmifcJhonf/ xdkYaemuf ppfwrf;ar;jref;&ef om"u,ltkyfpk (Sample Population) twGuf a&G;cs,frI rlabmif (Sampling Frame) owfrSwfNyD; yg0ifrnfhyk*¾dKvf rsm;udk oïyfcGJonf/ xdktqifhwGif jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;rS xifay:ausmfMum; aomyk*¾dKvfrsm;ESifh oD;oefYawGUqHkjcif;? EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;? vlxktajcjyKt¸tpnf;rsm; ESifh pD;yGm;a&;u@toD;oD;rS ta&;ygolrsm;ESifh tBudrf 20 ausmfxufrenf;udk tGef vdkif;rSwqifh awGUqHkrIrsm; jyKvkyfcJhonf/ xdkawGUqHkrIrsm;wGif buftoD;oD;rS vlyk*¾dKvf 30 ausmf,ckppfwrf;wGifyg0ifcJhygonf/ajzqdkrnfhyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf wïwf¼jrefrm ESpfEdkifiHtMum; qufqH a&;udk twdkif;twmwcktxd &if;ESD;uRrf;0if&ef vdktyfaomaMumifh om"u,l tkyfpkowfrSwf&mü yHkrSefppfwrf;rsm;uJhodkY usyef;enf;tm;jzifh owfrSwf&ef rjzpfEdkif ay/ xdkYaMumifh ppfwrf;wGif yg0ifrnfhyk*¾dKvfrsm;udk oïyfcGJ&mwGif &nf&G,fcsufxm; a&G;cs,faumuf,lenf; (Purposive Sampling) udk ISP-Myanmar u toHk;jyKcJhNyD; wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;ü t"duusonfh u@toD;oD;wGif ¤if;wdkY\ acgif;aqmifrI? rl0g'a&;&mt& vTrf;rdk;EdkifrIwdkYtay: rlwnfí a&G;cs,fcJhonf/ awGUqHkar;jref;&rnfh yk*¾dKvfrsm;udk a&G;cs,frIrlabmifjzifh owfrSwf&mü ueOD;wGif 340 OD;udk a&G;cs,fcJhonf/ odkY&mwGif jrefrmEdkifiHwGif jzpfay:aeonfh EdkifiHa&;tajctaersm;aMumifh qef;ppfcsuf wGif tqdkygyk*¾dKvfrsm; tm;vHk;yg0if&ef tajctaeray;cJhacs/ xdkYaMumifh awGUqHkar;jref; &rnfhyk*¾dKvfrsm;udk pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;ESifhtnD xyfrHa&G;cs,fcJhNyD; pkpkaygif; 501 OD;udk csOf;uyfcJhygonf/
15 ppfwrf;aumuf,lyHkxdkodkYa&G;cs,f&müenf;pepf wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;wGif t"du yg0ifywfoufaeaom oufqdkif&m vlrItodkuft0ef;av;ckudk a&G;cs,fcJhonf/ ,if;wdkYrSm (1) EdkifiHa&;ygwD rsm;? (2) t&yfbuft¸tpnf;rsm;? (3) pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;ESifh (4) xif&Sm; ausmfMum; vlodrsm;aom todynm&Sif? twwfynm&Sif? wuf<uvIyf&Sm;ol? wdkif;&if; om;vufeufudkift¸tpnf;rsm;(EAOs) ESifh vlrIa&;? bmoma&;e,fy,frS MoZm&Sdol rsm;vnf; yg0ifMuygonf/ xdkodkYa&G;cs,fxm;onfh yk*¾dKvfwOD;csif;? t¸tpnf;wck csif;pD\ (wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;ü ta&;ygaom udpö&yfrsm;tay:) uRrf;usifrI? wwfodrI? ywfoufyg0ifrI? rl0g'a&;&m? yx0Da&;&mta&;ygrIESifh wïwf¼jrefrmrl0g' a&;&mudpö&yfrsm;tay: vTrf;rdk;rIwdkYudkvnf; tBuHjyKcsufrsm;&,lum qHk;jzwfcJhygonf/ xdktodkuft0ef;av;ckteuf EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;udk a&G;cs,fowfrSwf&mü 2015 ckESpfESifh 2020 jynfhESpf a&G;aumufyGJrsm;wGif(vTwfawmftoD;oD;ü) tEdkif&&Sdxm;aom EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;ESifh wïwf¼jrefrmpD;yGm;a&;pBuø (CMEC) jzwfoef;&m t"dua'o rsm;jzpfaom ucsifjynfe,f? &Srf;jynfe,fajrmufydkif;? rÅav;wdkif;? rauG;wdkif;ESifh &cdkifjynfe,fwdkYwGif tajcpdkufvIyf&Sm;aeonfh EdkifiHa&;ygwD 47 ygwDvnf; yg0ifonf/ t&yfbuft¸tpnf;rsm;udk a&G;cs,fowfrSwf&mwGif wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&; ESifhqufpyfNyD; okawoevkyfief;rsm;? obm0ywf0ef;usifESifh ajr,mta&;? wïwf pDrHudef;rsm;ESifhywfoufí apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif;rsm;ESifh a'ocHjynfolvlxk\tcGifh ta&;rsm;qdkif&mudpörsm;udk vkyfaqmifaeonfh t&yfbuft¸tpnf;rsm;rS vlyk*¾dKvf 212 OD; udk pD;yGm;a&;toif;?a&G;cs,fcJhonf/t¸tpnf;rsm;udk a&G;cs,f&mwGif pD;yGm;a&;t& wïwfESifh ywfoufqufpyfaeaom (txl;ojzifh &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI? ukefoG,fa&;vkyfief;rsm;wGif yg0ifaeonfh) wïwf¼jrefrmpD;yGm;a&;pBuøwGif wdkufïdufyg0ifywfoufonfh pD;yGm; a&;toif;? t¸tpnf;rsm; 125 ck udk a&G;cs,fcJhonf/ xdkodkYa&G;cs,f&mwGif ukefonf rsm;ESifh pufrIvufrIvkyfief;&Sifrsm;toif;csKyf (UMFCCI) rS &&Sdaom pm&if;tcsuf tvufrsm;tay: tajccHygonf/ n pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;jzifh a&G;cJhaom todkuft0ef;av;ckrS vlOD;a&ESifh &mcdkifEIef; tokduft0ef; e,fy,ftoD;oD;rSpD;yGm;a&;toif;?EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;t&yfbuft¸tpnf;rsm;t¸tpnf;rsm;xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh EAOs rsm; pkpkaygif; OD;a& 11712521247 501 &mcdkifEIef; 42 % 9 2325%%% 100 %
16 wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf; xdkYtjyif wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;ESifhywfoufí okawoejyKvkyfaeolrsm;? rl0g'a&;&mudpö&yfrsm;wGif vTrf;rdk;Edkifaom xif&Sm;onfh todynm&Sif twwfynm&Sif rsm;? wuf<uvIyf&Sm;olrsm;? wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkift¸tpnf;rsm;(EAOs) ESifh vlrIa&;? bmoma&;e,fy,frS MoZmBuD;olrsm;yg0ifonfh vlyk*¾dKvf 117 OD;udkvnf; awGUqHkar;jref;&rnfh pm&if;ü xnfhoGif;cJhygonf/ jrefrmEdkifiH\ u@toD;oD;wGif wïwfEdkifiH\yg0ifrIudk qef;ppf&mü wïwf¼ jrefrm pD;yGm;a&;pBuøpDrHudef;rsm; jzwfoef;oGm;aom a'orsm;? wïwfEdkifiHESifh pD;yGm; a&;t& qufqHa&;vkyfaqmifrI trsm;qHk;a'orsm;? wïwfEdkifiH\ r[mAsL[m pDrH udef;BuD;rsm;&Sd&m a'orsm;rS yk*¾dKvfrsm;udkvnf; txl;jyK a&G;cs,fxm;aomaMumifh yx0Da&;&moïyfcGJrIrSm tcsKd;usrnfr[kwfacs/ ppfwrf;twGuf ar;jref;&ef a&G;cs,f&mwGifvnf; usm;? rtcsKd;tq rQwrI&Sdap&ef tav;xm; jyifqifcJhygonf/ odkYaomf ISP-Myanmar \ pHowfrSwfcsufjzifh a&G;cs,f cJhaomtkyfpkrsm;rS OD;aqmifolrsm;rSm trsKd;om;trsm;pkjzpfaejcif;? ppftmPmodrf;NyD; aemufydkif; xGufajy;wdrf;a&Smifae&olrsm;xJwGif rl0g'csrSwfrIqdkif&me,fy,frS trsKd; orD;rsm;vnf; yg0ifaeojzifh ppfwrf;ajzqdkolrsm;\ usm;? r tcsKd;tpm;onfvnf; nDrQjcif;r&SdcJhyg/ ppfwrf;wGif yg0ifajzqdkolrsm;xJwGif trsKd;om; 166 OD; (77 'or 2 &mcdkifEIef;) yg0ifcJhNyD;? trsKd;orD; 49 OD; (22 'or 8 &mcdkifEIef;) jzpfygonf/ n ppfwrf;ajzqdkcJhaom usm;? r ta&twGuf 77.2% (166 OD;) 22.8% (49 OD;)
17 ppfwrf;ajzqdkcJhonfh touft&G,f tydkif;tjcm;wGif xuf0ufcefYrSm touf 50 ESifhtxufbufvdkufrIuif;NyD;jzpfMuygonf/ wdusaomar;jref;rIrsm; jzpfap&ef? ppftmPmodrf;rI aemufqufwGJtajctaeESifh usef;rma&;uyfab;aMumifh BuHKawGU&Edkifonfh rxifrSwf aomtÅ&m,frsm;udk a&Smif&Sm;Edkif&ef jyifqifcJhygonf/ ppfwrf;twGuf wm0ef,lar; jref;rnfh tcsuftvufaumuf,lol(Enumerators) rsm;ESifh BuD;Muyfol(Supervisors) rsm; vdkufem&rnfh tcsuftvufaumuf,lol vufpGJpmapmifudkvnf; jyKpkcJhNyD;? ¤if; tjyif ppfwrf;aumuf,lol 11 OD;udkvnf; ppfwrf;rvkyfrD vlawGUoifwef; ydkYcsay; cJhygonf/'kwd,tqifhtaejzifh okawoeqef;ppfcsufrsm;twGuf awGUqHkar;jref;jcif; rsm;udk 2022 ckESpf azazmf0g&D 17 &ufrS rwf 12 &ufaeYtxd aqmif&GufcJhonf/ ISPMyanmar taejzifh a&G;cs,fxm;onfh todkuft0ef;av;ckrS ueOD; pHowfrSwf xkwf Ekwfxm;onfh 501 OD;teuf 215 OD;udk awGUqHkar;jref;cGifh&cJhygonf/ xdktxJwGif 7 'or 9 &mcdkifEIef;onf EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;jzpfNyD;? 47 &mcdkifEIef;onf t&yfbuf t¸ tpnf;rsm;rS jzpfygonf/ 18 'or 6 &mcdkifEIef;rSm pD;yGm;a&;toif;? t¸tpnf;rsm;rS jzpfNyD;? usef&Sdaom 26 'or 5 &mcdkifEIef;onf rl0g'a&;&mudpörsm;wGif vTrf;rdk;Edkifaom todynm&Sif twwfynm&Sifrsm;? wuf<uvIyf&Sm;olrsm;? wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkif t¸tpnf;rsm;(EAOs) ESifh vlrIa&;? bmoma&;e,fy,frS MoZmBuD;olrsm; jzpfygonf/ ppfwrf;aumuf,lyHk enf;pepf n ppfwrf;ajzqdkcJhaom touftydkif;tjcm; touf 30 atmuf touf 30 rS 50 tMum; touf 50 ESifhtxuf 10.7% 39.5% 49.8%
18 wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf; ppfwrf;aumuf,l&mwGif vludk,fwdkif awGUqHkar;jref;jcif;udkom vkyfaqmif&ef rlvu qHk;jzwfcJhaomfvnf; ppftmPmodrf;rI aemufqufwGJtajctaeESifh udkApfuyf a&m*gul;pufrI tajctaersm;aMumifh tGefvdkif;tajcjyK Zoom yvufazmif;udk toHk; jyKNyD; ar;jref;&ef ajymif;vJvkyfaqmifcJh&onf/ Zoom rSwqifh tcsdefray;Edkifolrsm;udkrl Google Form rSwqifhajzqdk&ef cGifhawmif;cJh&ygonf/ ppfwrf;ajzqdkol 215 OD;wGif 187 OD; Zoom rSwqifh awGUqHkar;jref;cJhNyD;? 28 OD;u Google Form rSwqifh ajzqdk cJhygonf/wwd,tqifhwGif ajzMum;csufrsm;tm; tcsuftvufxnfhoGif;jcif;? ppfaq; jcif;ESifh qef;ppfydkif;jcm;jcif;wdkYudk 2022 ckESpf rwf 13 &ufrS rwf 25 &uftxd jyKvkyfcJh onf/ &&Sdvmaom ajzMum;csufrsm;udk a'wma&;oGif;jcif;ESifh wdkufqdkifppfaq;jcif; wdkYtm; ISP-Myanmar ESifh PACE rS tcsuftvufaumuf,lolrsm;u ESpfBudrf jyKvkyf cJhonf/ ajzqdkolwOD;csif;\ ukwfeHygwfrsm;? ajzMum;csuf wckcsif;pDudk enf;ynm toHk;jyKí jyefvnfpdppfjcif;? wdkufqdkifppfaq;jcif;ESifh rSm;,Gif;rIwpHkw&m awGUygu tptqHk; jyefvnfppfaq;jcif;twGuf rl&if;pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;udk jyefppfjcif;jzifh vnf;aumif;? enf;ynmaqmh0JvfESifh azmfjrLvmrsm; toHk;jyKíaomfvnf;aumif; jyKvkyfcJhonf/ n n awGUqHkar;jref;cGifh&cJhaom todkuft0ef;av;ckrS vlOD;a&ESifh &mcdkifEIef; tokduft0ef; e,fy,ftoD;oD;rSpD;yGm;a&;toif;?EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;t&yfbuft¸tpnf;rsm;t¸tpnf;rsm;xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh EAOs rsm; pkpkaygif; OD;a& 101174057 215 &mcdkifEIef; 47 % 7.9 26.518.6%%% 100 %
okawoeusifh0wfESifh vkyfief;pOf
wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf;jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ w½kwfEdkifiHtay: oabmxm;tjrif ppfwrf; 20 ppfwrf;aumuf,lcJhaom umvonf tifwmeufESifh zkef;vdkif;rsm; jzwfawmufcH &jcif;? vQyfppfrD;jywfawmufjcif; paom tmPmodrf;NyD; aemufqufwGJvlaerIb0 tcuftcJrsm;udk &ifqdkifae&onfhenf;wl tdkrDc&GefrsKd;uGJ udkApfuyfa&m*g ul;puf jyefYESHYrIudk MuHKawGUae&onfhtcsdefvnf; jzpfygonf/ xdkYtjyif EdkifiHa&;ESifhrl0g'todkuf t0ef;rS vIyf&Sm;wuf<uolrsm;rSmvnf; vHkNcHKa&;tcuftcJ xdkodkYa&;qGJ&mwGif aumif;rGefaom okawoe usifhxHk;tavhtxrsm;jzpfap&eftvdkYiSm
BuHKawGUae&NyD;? vGwf vyfpGm xkwfazmfajymqdkjcif;twGuf zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;cH&Edkifonfh tajctaeudkvnf; &ifqdkifaeMu&onf/ xdkodkYaom bufaygif;pHk tuJqwfonfh umvwckjzpfonfh twGuf ppfwrf;aumuf,l&mü vdkufem&rnfh okawoeusifh0wfrsm;ESifh vkyfief;pOf rsm;udk vpf[if;rIr&Sdap&ef ppfwrf;ESifhywfoufaomtxl;csrSwfusifhoHk;cJhygonf/okawoevkyfief;pOftao;pdwfudk ISP-Myanmar ESifh PACE t¸wdkY yl;aygif;a&;qGJcJhygonf/
ISP-Myanmar rS okawoeusifh0wfqef;ppf onfh bkwft¸u vdktyfcsufrsm;tay: tajccHí ydkif;jcm;twnfjyKcJhygonf/ txl; ojzifh ppfwrf;ü yg0ifajzqdkMuolrsm; usa&mufEdkifonfh vHkNcHKa&;tÅ&m,f? yk*¾dKvfa&; tcsuftvufESifh owif;tcsuftvufrsm; aygufMum;Edkifjcif;? tusKd;pD;yGm; y#dyu© rsm;aMumifh okawoe&v'ftay: oufa&mufEdkifajcponfwdkYudk BudKwifwGufqNyD; qdk;usKd; enf;EdkiforQenf;ap&ef pDrHaqmif&Gufjcif; jzpfonf/ xdkYtjyif wausmhjyef jyefYESHYvmonfh tdkrDc&GefrsKd;uGJ udkApfa&m*gydk;aMumifh ab;xGufqdk;usKd; rjzpfap&efESifh yg0ifajzqdkMuolrsm;\ udk,fpdwfESpfyg; pdwfcsvHkNcHKrI&ap&ef txl;tav;xm;NyD; ppfwrf;vkyfief;pOfrsm;udkppfwrf;udkajzqdk&mwGiftaumiftxnfazmfcJhygonf/wOD;csif;pD\tawG;tjrifrsm;udk tmrcHcsufay;cJhonf/ xdkY tjyif wOD;csif;pD\ udk,fa&;udk,fwmtcsuftvufvHkNcHKrItm; txl;tav;ay; aMumif;udkvnf; ppfwrf;ajzqdk&ef cGifhawmif;pOfrSmyif BudKwifajymqdkcJhygonf/ tmPmodrf;rIaemufqufwGJaMumifh jzpfay:aeonfh vHkNcHKa&;tajctaersm; tay: txl;*½kjyK vkyfaqmifcJhonfhtjyif udkApful;pufcH&rIudk a&Smif&Sm;Edkif&ef tÅ&m,favQmhcsjcif; (Threat reduction) vkyfief;pOfudkvnf; tav;xm; vkyfaqmifcJh ygonf/ ppfwrf;aumuf,lrI rvkyfcifrSmyif tcsuftvufaumuf,lolrsm;? BuD;Muyf olrsm;ESifh oifwef;q&mrsm;ü udkApfydk;ul;pufcHae&jcif; &Sd? r&Sd ppfaq;cJhNyD; BudKwif umuG,f&eftwGuf vdktyfaom taxmuftuljyKypönf;rsm;udkvnf; yHhydk;cJhonf/
vGwfvyfpGm azmfxkwf Edkif&ef ajzqdkolwOD;csif;pD\ udk,fa&;tcsuftvufrsm;ESifh ajzqdkrIrsm;udk trnfemr xkwfazmfí azmfjyjcif;udk vkyfaqmifrnfr[kwfaMumif;
21 okawoeusifh0wfESifhwOD;csif;pD\vkyfief;pOf cE¨mudk,ftylcsdef wdkif;wmjcif;? ¤if;ESifh ¤if;\ rdom;pk0ifrsm;tMum; udkApful;pufcHxm;&rI &Sd? r&SdwdkYtay: wOD;csif;twGuf rSwfwrf;,ljyKpkjcif;udk ppfwrf; aumuf,l&ef BudKwifjyifqifaom oifwef;rpcif &ufowåywftMumwGif pwifvkyf aqmifcJhonf/ ppfwrf;aumuf,lonfhumvwGifomru ppfwrf;aumuf,lNyD;aemuf ydkif;tcsuftvufjznfhoGif;jcif;rsm; vkyfaqmif&mwGifvnf; wOD;csif;twGuf oD;oefY tcef;rsm; jyifqifay;jcif;tygt0if udkApful;pufcH&rIr&Sdap&ef vdktyfaom vkyf aqmifrIrsm;twdkif; vdkufem&ef pnf;urf;owday;csufrsm;udkvnf; csrSwfcJhygonf/ n
xl;jcm;aom awGU&Sdcsufrsm;
24 wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf; xl;jcm;aomawGU&Sdcsuf(1) wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf; 55% ppfwrf;ajzMum;olrsm;teuf trsm;pkjzpfaom 55 &mcdkifEIef;onf tdrfeD;csif;aumif;[kw½kwfEdkifiHudk½Ijrifjcif;r&SdcJhay/ odkYaomf w½kwfEdkifiHudk tdrfeD;csif;aumif;[k ½Ijrifol ta&twGufrSmvnf; 40 us,fus,fjyeYfjyeYfjrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;tMum;&mcdkifEIef;jzihf&Sdaeao;onfudkawGU&onf/ajzqdkolrsm;teuf 13 &mcdkifEIef;onf vkH;0 oabmxm;ay;cJhNyD;raumif;yg[k 42 &mcdkifEIef; oabmxm;ay;cJhonf/raumif;yg[ku ajzqdkolrsm;teuf 38 &mcdkifEIef; tdrfeD;csif;aumif;[koabmxm;ay;cJhonf/aumif;ygonf[ku ½Ijrifjcif;r&Sd/
25 xl;jcm;aomawGU&Sdcsuf(2) wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf; 39% 39% 31% 19% wïwfEdkifiHESifhqufqHa&;wGif t"du &ifqdkifae&aom pdefac:rIonf pD;yGm;a&;t& vTrf;rdk;cH&rIjzpfonf[k ajzqdkol 39 &mcdkifEIef;u qdkcJhonf/ yx0DEdkifiHa&;t& vTrf;rdk;cH&rIu t"du &ifqdkifae&onfh pdefac:rI[kajzqdkol 31 &mcdkifEIef;u ,lqcJhygonf/ vTrf;rdk;cH&rIpD;yGm;a&;t& vTrf;rdk;cH&rIyx0DEdkifiHa&;t& pGufzufrIy#dyu©rsm;üvufeufudkif pD;yGm;a&;t&vTrf;rdk;cH&rIu t"dupdefac:csufjzpfae/ xl;jcm;aomawGU&Sdcsufrsm;
26 wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf; 46% jrefrmESifhqufqHa&;wGif wïwfEdkifiH &vdkaom tusKd;pD;yGm;onf tdE´d,ork'´&mü yx0DEdkifiHa&;t& vTrf;rdk;Edkifa&;jzpfonf[k ajzqdkol 46 &mcdkifEIef;u a&G;cs,fcJhonf/ 46% t&if;tjrpfrsm;jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd28%o,HZmw&&Sda&;,leefjynfe,f16%a&aMumif;xGufayguf&&SdEdkifa&;tdE´d,ork'´&mwGifyx0DEdkifiHa&;t&vTrf;rdk;rI&&Sda&; xl;jcm;aomawGU&Sdcsuf(3) tdE´d,ork'´&mü yx0DEdkifiHa&;t& vTrf;rdk;Edkifa&; tusKd;pD;yGm;/ wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf;
27 55% jrefrmudk 22&SdcJhygonf/vdkvm;ygonf[k,lqMuolEdkifiHtjzpftmPm&SifpepfusifhoHk;aomwïwfEdkifiHujrifcsifonf[k55&mcdkifEIef;&SdNyD;?'Drdkua&pDEdkifiHtjzpfa&G;cs,fol15&mcdkifEIef;ajzqdk&efjiif;qefol&mcdkifEIef;&SdcJhonf/ajzqdkolrsm;teuf 55 &mcdkifEIef;onf w½kwfu ajzqdkolrsm;teuf½IjrifcsufEdkifiHtjzpftmPm&SifpepfusifhokH;onfhjrefrmEdkifiHudkjrifvdkaMumif;ay;cJhonf/ 15 &mcdkifEIef;onf jrefrmEdkifiH ay;cJhonf/vdkvm;aMumif;jzpfvma&;udk'Drdkua&pDEdkifiHw½kwfuoabmxm; ajzqdkolrsm;teuf 22 &mcdkifEIef; oabmxm;ay;&efurljiif;qefcJhygonf/ xl;jcm;aomawGU&Sdcsuf(4) tmPm&Sifpepf usifhoHk;aomEdkifiHtjzpf jrifvdkaMumif; ,lqMu/ xl;jcm;aomawGU&Sdcsufrsm;wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf;
28 wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf; 58% jrefrm\ tBuD;rm;qHk; ajzqdkol58wïwfEdkifiH&Sdaejcif;onfpD;yGm;zuftjzpfpdk;&drfp&mjzpfonf[k&mcdkifEIef;uajzqdkcJhNyD;?BudKqdkp&mjzpfonf[k26&mcdkifEIef;&SdcJhonf/ 58% 26% jzpfaejcif;onfw½kwfEdkifiHutBuD;rm;qkH;pD;yGm;zufpdk;&drfp&m[k 58 &mcdkifEIef; ajzqdkcJhonf/u BudKqdkp&m[kjzpfaejcif;onfpD;yGm;zuftBuD;rm;qkH;w½kwfEdkifiHu 26 &mcdkifEIef;u qdkcJhonf/ xl;jcm;aomawGU&Sdcsuf(5) tBuD;rm;qkH;pD;yGm;zuf jzpfaejcif;u pdk;&drfp&m[k ½IjrifMu/ wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf;
29 2025202420232022 2025 tvGef aumif;rGefvmrnfh taetxm;ajzqdk&efjiif;qefrawGU&ygrodyg 24% ajzqdkoltrsm;teuf trsm;pkjzpfaom 20 &mcdkifEIef;rSm 2025 ckESpf aemufydkif;rSom wïwf¼jrefrm ESpfEdkifiHpD;yGm;qufqHa&; tajctae jyefvnfaumif;rGefrnf[k cefYrSef;onf/ odkYaomf trsm;pkjzpfonfh 24 &mcdkifEIef;u rodaMumif; qdkcJhonf/24% 20% xl;jcm;aomawGU&Sdcsuf(6) ESpfEdkifiH pD;yGm;qufqHa&; rnfonfhtcsdef jyefaumif;vmrnfudk rodMu/ xl;jcm;aomawGU&Sdcsufrsm;wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf;
30 wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf; 83% wïwf¼jrefrm pD;yGm;a&;pBuø pDrHudef;onf wïwfEdkifiHtwGuf ydkrdktusKd;jzpfxGef;aprnf[k 83 &mcdkifEIef;u ajzqdkcJhNyD;? ESpfOD;ESpfbuf nDwlnDrQ tusKd;jzpfxGef;Edkifonf[k ajzqdkcJhol 12 &mcdkifEIef;om &SdcJhonf/ nDwlnDrQtusKd;&Sdapw,fESpfEdkifiHvkH;twGuf ydkNyD;tusKd;&Sdapw,fw½kwfEdkifiHtwGuf ydkNyD;tusKd;jzpfapw,fjrefrmEddkifiHudk rodyg ajzqdk&ef jiif;qef 12% 83% xl;jcm;aomawGU&Sdcsuf(7) pD;yGm;a&;pBuøpDrHudef;u w½kwfEdkifiHtwGuf ydkrdktusKd;jzpfxGef;apEdkif/ wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf;
31 59% wïwf¼jrefrm &Sdaprnf[k30r[kwf[kaumif;rGefaomjrefrmhNidrf;csrf;a&;vkyfief;pOfwGifpD;yGm;a&;pBuøvrf;onftusKd;oufa&mufrI&Sdaprnf59&mcdkifEIef;uajzqdkcJhNyD;?&mcdkifEIef;uaumif;rGefaomtusKd;oufa&mufrIajzqdkcJhonf/pD;yGm;a&;pBuøpDrHudef;uNidrf;csrf;a&;vkyfief;pOftay:wGifaumif;rGefaomtusKd;oufa&mufrI&SdonfqdkaomtqdkjyKcsufudkvkH;0oabmrwlol 11 &mcdkifEIef;ESifh oabmrwlol 48 &mcdkifEIef;? ESpf&yfaygif; 59 &mcdkifEIef; &SdcJhonf/ xl;jcm;aomawGU&Sdcsuf(8) pD;yGm;a&;pBuøpDrHudef;u Nidrf;csrf;a&;twGuf tusKd;&Sdaprnfr[kwf/ xl;jcm;aomawGU&Sdcsufrsm;wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf;
32 wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf; 40% wïwfEdkifiH\ Mum;aeolr,HkMunf[k,HkMunfonf[kudkApfumuG,faq;udkajzqdkol26&mcdkifEIef;&SdNyD;?ajzqdkol30&mcdkifEIef;&Sdonf/40&mcdkifEIef;&Sdygonf/ 30% 40% 26% 3% 0% r,kHMunfyg Mum;ae ,kHMunfonf rodyg ajzqdk&efjiif;qef xl;jcm;aomawGU&Sdcsuf(9) w½kwfEdkifiHxkwf udkApfumuG,faq;tay: ,kHMunfrIenf;yg;/ wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf;
33 47% w½kwfEdkifiH\ pD;yGm;a&;¶NzdK;wdk;wufrIykHpHonf jrefrmEdkifiH 47oabmwlaMumif;ajzqdkolajymqdka&;om;aeMujcif;tay:twk,lavhvmp&mpD;yGm;a&;¶NzdK;wdk;wufrItwGufykHpHwckjzpfonf[koabmrwlaMumif;47&mcdkifEIef;&SdcJhNyD;?45&mcdkifEIef;uqdkcJhonf/%4%4%oabmwlygonf45% oabmrwlyg rodyg ajzqdk&efjiif;qef xl;jcm;aomawGU&Sdcsuf(10) w½kwfEdkifiH\ pD;yGm;a&;¶NzdK;wdk;wufrIykHpH twk,lavhvmp&mr[kwf/ xl;jcm;aomawGU&Sdcsufrsm;wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf;
34 wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf; 87% w½kwfEdkifiHu ajymqdkaeaom wïwfenf; wïwf[ef jrefrmtwGufvnf;'Drdkua&pDpepfrsKd;onfudkufnDojzifh twk,l usifhokH;oifhaMumif; ajymqdka&;om;aeMuonfh tay: oabmrwlaMumif; rSwfcsufay;cJhol 87 &mcdkifEIef; &SdcJhygonf/ ajzqdkolrsm;teuf 87 &mcdkifEIef;u wïwfenf; wïwf[ef ajzqdkolrsm;teufoabmxm;ay;cJhonf/twk,lp&mr[kwf[k'Drdkua&pDpepfonf 8 &mcdkifEIef;u wïwfenf; wïwf[ef ay;cJhonf/twk,lp&m[k'Drdkua&pDpepfonfoabmxm; xl;jcm;aomawGU&Sdcsuf(11) wïwfenf;wïwf[ef 'Drdkua&pDonf jrefrmtwGuf twk,lp&mr[kwf/ wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf;
awGU&Sdcsufrsm;
a,bk,soabmxm;tjrifjrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\w½kwfEdkifiHtay:
38 wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf; l ar;cGef;(1) 13% 42% 38% 2%2%3% wïwfEdkifiHonf jrefrmEdkifiHtwGuf tdrfeD;csif;aumif; [kwf? r[kwf/ tvGefaumif;ygonfvkH;0raumif;ygraumif;ygaumif;ygonfajzqdk&efjiif;qefrodyg ar;cGef;(1)udk ar;jref;&mwGif a,bk,stm;jzifh w½kwfEdkifiHonf jrefrmEdkifiHtwGuf rnfonfhtwdkif;twmtxd tdrfeD;csif; EdkifiHaumif; jzpfonfqdkjcif;udk tqifhowfrSwfay;yg[k ar;jref;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ tqifh]1}onf ]vkH;0raumif;yg}jzpfNyD;? ]4}onf ]tvGefaumif;aom tdrfeD;csif;}[k
jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;wGifydkif;jcm;owfrSwfcJhygonf/ w½kwfEdkifiHudk tdrfeD;csif;aumif;[k r,lqol (raumif; ygESihf vkH;0raumif;yg ESpf&yfaygif;) 55 &mcdkifEIef; &SdNyD; tdrfeD;csif;aumif;[k,lqol (aumif;ygonfESihf tvGefaumif;ygonf ESpf&yfaygif;) 40 &mcdkifEIef; &SdcJhonf/ a,bk ,stm;jzifh wïwfEdkifiHonf jrefrmEdkifiHtwGuf rnfonfhtwdkif;twmtxd tdrfeD;csif; aumif;jzpfoenf;[k ar;jref;&mwGif ajzqdkolrsm;teuf 42 &mcdkifEIef;onf tdrfeD;csif; aumif;r[kwf[k ½IjrifMuNyD; tdrfeD;csif;aumif;jzpfonf[k½Ijrifol 38 &mcdkifEIef; &SdcJhyg onf/ xdkYtjyif vHk;0raumif;yg[k ,lqol 13 &mcdkifEIef; &Sdygonf/ tvGefaumif;aom tdrfeD;csif;jzpfonf[k jrifolESifh tdrfeD;csif;aumif; [kwfr[kwfudk rodyg[kajzqdkolrSm ESpf&mcdkifEIef;pD &SdMuonf/ ar;cGef;udkajzqdk&ef jiif;qefol oHk;&mcdkifEIef; &Sdonf/
39 w½kwfEdkifiHtay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ a,bk,soabmxm;tjrif vkH;0raumif;yg 20% 0% 8% xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh11% EAOst¸tpnf;rsm;t&yfbuf ygwDrsm;EdkifiHa&; pD;yGm;a&;toif;t¸tpnf;rsm; tvGefaumif;ygonfaumif;ygonfraumif;yg 2% 1% 0% 0% ajzqdk&efjiif;qef 3% 3% 6% 1% 3% rodyg 2% 1% 0% 0% 5% &v'frsm;udk EdIif;,SOfydkif;jcm;jcif; 8% n ar;cGef;(1) ]wïwfEdkifiHonf jrefrmEdkifiHtwGuf tdrfeD;csif;aumif; [kwf? r[kwf}tay: todkuft0ef;av;ck\ oabmxm; ,lqcsufrsm; todkuft0ef;av;ckteuf wckcsif;pD\ ,lqcsufrsm;udk ydkif;jcm;Munfh&mü t&yfbuf t¸tpnf;rsm;\ 70 &mcdkifEIef; (vHk;0raumif;ygESifh raumif;yg) ESifh e,fy,ftoD;oD;rS xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkift¸tpnf;rsm;\ 53 &mcdkifEIef; (vHk;0r aumif;ygESifh raumif;yg)u tdrfeD;csif;aumif;r[kwf[k ajzqdkcJhMuonf/ EdkifiHa&; ygwDrsm;\ 59 &mcdkifEIef; (aumif;ygonff) ESifh pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;&Sifrsm;\ 68 &mcdkifEIef; (aumif;ygonfESifh tvGefaumif;ygonf) u tdrfeD;csif;aumif;[k ajzqdkcJhygonf/ pkpkaygif;13%42% 50% 35% 42%23% 59% 60%38% 25% 39%
wwd,trsm;qHk;jzpfNyD; 19 &mcdkifEIef;cefY &Sdonf/ vHkNcHKa&;u@ü w½kwfEdkifiH\vTrf;rdk;rIudk pdefac:rI[k ajzqdkol av;&mcdkifEIef;&SdNyD; ,Ofaus;rIESifh vlOD;a&t& vTrf;rdk;cH&rIudk pdefac:rI[k½Ijrifol wOD;rQ r&Sdonfudk awGU&onf/ l ar;cGef;(2) ar;cGef;(2)udk ar;jref;&mwGif wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;ü jrefrmEdkifiH &ifqdkifae&aom pdefac:rItcsKdUudk zwfjycJhygonf/ xdktxJrS t"du tusqkH;[k ,lqaom wckudk a&G;cs,fapcJhygonf/ rSwfcsuf ar;cGef;xJwGif azmfjycJhaom ,lqcsufrsm;ü ]pdefac:rI wckrSr&Sdyg} ESifh ],Ofaus;rIESifh vlOD;a&t& vTrf;rdk;cH&rI}wdkY yg0ifaomfvnf; xdkESpfckudk pdefac:rItjzpf ,lqol wOD;rQr&SdcJhay/ 39% 31% 19% 1%2%4%3% wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;ü jrefrm &ifqdkifae&onfh pdefac:rI/ pD;yGm;a&;t& vTrf;rdk;cH&rI yx0DEdkifiHa&;t& wïwfEdkifiH\vufeufudkify#dyu©rsm;wGifvTrf;rdk;cH&rI0ifa&mufpGufzufrIvHkNcHKa&;u@wGifwïwfEdkifiH\vTrf;rdk;rIajzqdk&efjiif;qeftjcm;rodyg
40 wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf; w½kwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;ü jrefrm&ifqdkifae&aom pdefac:rIrsm;xJwGif tBuD;rm;qHk; onf pD;yGm;a&;t& vTrf;rdk;cH&rIESifh yx0DEdkifiHa&;t& vTrf;rdk;cH&rIrsm;jzpfaMumif; ajzqdkcJhMuonf/ pD;yGm;a&;t& vTrf;rdk;cH&rI[k ajzqdkol 39 &mcdkifEIef;&SdNyD; yx0DEdkifiHa&; t& vTrf;rdk;cH&rI[k,lqol 31 &mcdkifEIef; &Sdonf/ vufeufudkif y#dyu©rsm;wGif w½kwf EdkifiH\ 0ifa&mufpGufzufrIudk pdefac:rItjzpf ,lqolrSm
41 w½kwfEdkifiHESifhqufqHa&;ü jrefrmEdkifiH &&Sdaeaom t"dutcGifhtvrf;rSm aps;uGuf &&SdrI[k ,lqolonf 37 &mcdkifEIef;&SdNyD; EdkifiHjcm;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI[k,lqolrSm 33 &mcdkif EIef;&Sdonf/ tajccHtaqmuftOD ¶NzdK;wdk;wufEdkifrIudk a&G;cs,fol udk;&mcdkifEIef;om &Sdygonf/ jrefrmonf w½kwfEdkifiHrS rnfonfhtcGifhtvrf;rSr&&Sd[k ,lqol 11 &mcdkif EIef; &Sdonf/ ¶NzdK;rItultnD &&SdEdkifonf[k ,lqol av;&mcdkifEIef; &Sdonf/ l ar;cGef;(3) w½kwfEdkifiHtay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ a,bk,soabmxm;tjrif ar;cGef;(3)udk ar;jref;&mwGif wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;ü jrefrmEdkifiH t"du&&Sdaeaom tcGifhtvrf;tcsKdUudk zwfjycJhygonf/ xdktxJrS t"du tusqkH;[k,lqaom wckudk a&G;cs,fapcJhygonf/ 11% 37% 33% 1% 4% 9% 1%1%3% wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;ü jrefrm&&Sdaeaom t"dutcGifhtvrf;/ rnfonfh tcGifhtvrf;rS enf;ynmvTJajymif;&,lEdkifrIEdkifiHjcm;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIaps;uGuf&&SdEdkifrIr&Sdyg¶NzdK;rItultnD&&SdEdkifrItajccHtaqmuftOD¶NzdK;wdk;wufEdkifrIrodygajzqdk&efjiif;qeftjcm;
42 wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf; rnfonfhtcGifhtvrf;rSr&Sdyg 15% 0% 8% xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh11% EAOst¸tpnf;rsm;t&yfbuf ygwDrsm;EdkifiHa&; pD;yGm;a&;toif;t¸tpnf;rsm; enf;ynmvTJajymif;&,lEdkifrIEdkifiHjcm;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIaps;uGuf&&SdEdkifrI 1% 0% 6% 0% tajccHtaqmuftOD¶NzdK;wdk;wufEdkifrIItjcm;rodygajzqdk&efjiif;qef 1%3%1%9% 0%0%2%7% 12%12%0%5% 0%0%0%8% 12%2%5%2% ¶NzdK;rItultnD&&SdEdkifrI 4% 4% 0% 3% 5% 3% n ar;cGef;(3) ]wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;ü jrefrm&&Sdaeaom t"dutcGifhtvrf;}tay: todkuft0ef;av;ck\ oabmxm; ,lqcsufrsm; ar;cGef;(3)udk ajzqdk&mü xl;jcm;csufrSm EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;\ 47 &mcdkifEIef;? t&yfbuf t¸tpnf;rsm;\ 40 &mcdkifEIef;ESifh pD;yGm;a&;toif;? t¸tpnf;rsm;\ 40 &mcdkifEIef; wdkYu w½kwfEdkifiHESifhqufqHa&;wGif jrefrm t"du&aom tcGifhtvrf;rSm aps;uGuf &&SdrI [k ,lqMuonf/ xdkodkY,lqMuonfh udef;*Pef;rsm; uGmjcm;rIr&Sdojzifh jrefrmh rl0g'todkuft0ef;&Sd tpkt¸oHk;¸\ oabmxm;rsm; wlnDMuonfudk awGU&onf/ odkYaomf e,fy,ftoD;oD;rS xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkif t¸tpnf; rsm;rS 37 &mcdkifEIef;onf EdkifiHjcm;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIudk trsm;qHk; a&G;cs,fajzMum;cJhonf/ enf;ynmvTJajymif;&,lEdkifrIESifh ¶NzdK;wdk;wufrI tultnDrsm; &&SdEdkifonf[k ,lqol wpf&mcdkifEIef;ESifh av;&mcdkifEIef;om&SdonfhtwGuf tkyfpktoD;oD;\ a&G;cs,frI&mcdkifEIef; EdIif;,SOfcsufrsm; ododomom uGmjcm;rIr&Sday/ pkpkaygif;11%37% 40% 47% 26%40% 18% 38%33% 32% 37% &v'frsm;udk EdIif;,SOfydkif;jcm;jcif;
43 1% 1%ar;cGef;(4)rS(13)udk2% ar;jref;&mwGif jrefrmEdkifiHtaejzifh wïwfEdkifiHtay: rnfrQtwdkif;twmtxd rSDcdkae&oenf;udk tqifhowfrSwfí ajzMum;ay;&ef zwfjycJhygonf/ tqifh]1}onf ]vkH;0rSDcdk&efrvdkyg}jzpfNyD;? ]5}onf ]tjynfht0 rSDcdkae&ygonf}[k ydkif;jcm;owfrSwfcJhonf/ w½kwfEdkifiHtay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ a,bk,soabmxm;tjrif l ar;cGef;(4)rS (13)txd jrefrmEdkifiHtaejzifh wïwfEdkifiHtay: rnfrQrSDcdkae&oenf;/ rSDcdk&efrvdkyg rSDcdkae&ygonf rodyg ajzqdk&efjiif;qefMum;ae ar;cGef;(4) ukefoG,fa&; ar;cGef;(6) Nidrf;csrf;a&;jzpfpOf ar;cGef;(5) &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI ar;cGef;(7) ¶NzdK;wdk;wufa&; 6% 27% 12% 33%52% 47% 40%36% 40% 23% 12%1% 67%
44 wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf;1%2% 2% 1%2% ar;cGef;(8) EdkifiHa&; ar;cGef;(10) usef;rma&; ar;cGef;(9) ynma&; ar;cGef;(11) enf;ynm 20% 24%51% l ar;cGef;(4)rS (13)txd jrefrmEdkifiHtaejzifh wïwfEdkifiHtay: rnfrQrSDcdkae&oenf;/ rSDcdk&efrvdkyg rSDcdkae&ygonf rodyg ajzqdk&efjiif;qefMum;ae 82% 13% 62% 23% 14% 36% 36% 25% 2%3%
45 4% 2%3% 2% jrefrmEdkifiHonf wïwfEdkifiHtay: ukefoG,fa&;t& rSDcdkae&aMumif; ,lqolrSm 67 &mcdkifEIef;jzpfNyD; trsm;qHk;jzpfonf/ rSDcdk&efrvdk[k,lqol ajcmuf&mcdkifEIef;om &Sdyg onf/ &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIu@wGif rSDcdkae&onf[k ,lqol 47 &mcdkifEIef;&SdNyD; 12 &mcdkifEIef; uom rSDcdk&efrvdkaMumif; ajzqdkMuonf/ Nidrf;csrf;a&;jzpfpOfwGif wïwfEdkifiHtay: rSDcdk ae&onf[k ,lqol 52 &mcdkifEIef; &SdNyD; rSDcdk&efrvdk[k ,lqol 12 &mcdkifEIef;&Sdonf/ ¶NzdK;wdk;wufa&;wGifrl rSDcdk&efrvdk[kajzMum;ol trsm;qHk;jzpfNyD; 36 &mcdkifEIef;&Sdonf/ 23 &mcdkifEIef;uom rSDcdkae&aMumif; ajzMum;cJhonf/ Mum;aeOD;a&rSm trsm;qHk;jzpfNyD; 40 &mcdkifEIef;&Sdonf/ EdkifiHa&;wGifrl wïwfEdkifiHtay: rSDcdkae&onf[k ,lqol 51 &mcdkifEIef;&SdNyD; rSDcdk&efrvdk[k,lqol 20 &mcdkifEIef;om&Sdonf/ Mum;aeajzqdkolrSm rSDcdk &efrvdk[k ,lqolxufrsm;NyD; 24 &mcdkifEIef; &Sdonf/ ynma&;u@wGif wïwfEdkifiH tay: rSDcdk&efrvdktyfaMumif; trsm;qHk;,lqMuNyD; 82 &mcdkifEIef;cefY&Sdonf/ rSDcdkae& aMumif;ajzol ESpf&mcdkifEIef;om&Sdonf/ usef;rma&;u@wGif wïwfEdkifiHtay: rSDcdk&ef rvdk[k,lqol 62 &mcdkifEIef; &Sdaeonfudk awGU&onf/ rSDcdkae&onf[k,lqol 14 &mcdkifEIef;&SdNyD; Mum;aeol 23 &mcdkifEIef;cefY&Sdonf/ enf;ynmu@wGif rSDcdk&ef rvdktyfaMumif;,lqolESifh Mum;aeol 36 &mcdkifEIef;pD&SdNyD; rSDcdkae&onf[k ,lqol 25 &mcdkifEIef;&Sdonf/ vHkNcHKa&;u@wGif rSDcdkae&aMumif; ,lqol 38 &mcdkifEIef;&SdNyD; rSDcdk&ef rvdktyfaMumif; ,lqolrSm 28 &mcdkifEIef;&Sdonf/ oHwrefa&;wGifrl rSDcdkae&onf[k ajzqdkol 54 &mcdkifEIef; &Sdonf/ rSDcdk&efrvdkaMumif;ajzqdkol 11 &mcdkifEIef;om &Sdonf/ ar;cGef;(12) vkHNcHKa&; ar;cGef;(13) oHwrefa&; w½kwfEdkifiHtay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\2728a,bk,soabmxm;tjrif%%38% 11% 31% 54% rSDcdk&efrvdkyg rSDcdkae&ygonf rodyg ajzqdk&efjiif;qefMum;ae
46 wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf; n ar;cGef;(4) ukefoG,fa&;ü ]jrefrmEdkifiHtaejzifh wïwfEdkifiHtay: rnfrQrSDcdkae&oenf;}tay: todkuft0ef;av;ck\ oabmxm; ,lqcsufrsm; rSDcdk&efrvdk 7% 6% 5% xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh4% EAOst¸tpnf;rsm;t&yfbuf ygwDrsm;EdkifiHa&; pD;yGm;a&;toif;t¸tpnf;rsm; rSDcdkae&ygonfMum;aerodyg 0% 0% 0% 0% ajzqdk&efjiif;qef 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% pkpkaygif;6% 18% 63% 27% 31% 33% 77%67% 62% 76%18% n ar;cGef;(5) &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIü ]jrefrmEdkifiHtaejzifh wïwfEdkifiHtay: rnfrQrSDcdkae&oenf;}tay: todkuft0ef;av;ck\ oabmxm; ,lqcsufrsm; rSDcdk&efrvdk 15% 6% 13% xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh7% EAOst¸tpnf;rsm;t&yfbuf ygwDrsm;EdkifiHa&; pD;yGm;a&;toif;t¸tpnf;rsm; rSDcdkae&ygonfMum;aerodyg 1% 0% 0% 2% ajzqdk&efjiif;qef 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% pkpkaygif;12% 43% 56% 40% 40% 35% 41% 43%47% 45% 53% n ar;cGef;(6) Nidrf;csrf;a&;ü ]jrefrmEdkifiHtaejzifh wïwfEdkifiHtay: rnfrQrSDcdkae&oenf;}tay: todkuft0ef;av;ck\ oabmxm; ,lqcsufrsm; rSDcdk&efrvdk 10% 24% 13% xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh13% EAOst¸tpnf;rsm;t&yfbuf ygwDrsm;EdkifiHa&; pD;yGm;a&;toif;t¸tpnf;rsm; rSDcdkae&ygonfMum;aerodyg 2% 1% 0% 0% ajzqdk&efjiif;qef 1% 0% 0% 7% 0% 5% pkpkaygif;12% 25% 47% 33% 32% 40% 35% 50%52% 57% 41%
47 w½kwfEdkifiHtay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ a,bk,soabmxm;tjrif n ar;cGef;(7) ¶NzdK;wdk;wufa&;ü ]jrefrmEdkifiHtaejzifh wïwfEdkifiHtay: rnfrQrSDcdkae&oenf;}tay: todkuft0ef;av;ck\ oabmxm; ,lqcsufrsm; rSDcdk&efrvdk 18% xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh26% EAOst¸tpnf;rsm;t&yfbuf ygwDrsm;EdkifiHa&; pD;yGm;a&;toif;t¸tpnf;rsm; rSDcdkae&ygonfMum;aerodyg 1% 0% 6% 4% ajzqdk&efjiif;qef 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% pkpkaygif;36% 43% 18% 33% 51% 39%23% 19% 24%35% 48% 35% 40% n ar;cGef;(8) EdkifiHa&;ü ]jrefrmEdkifiHtaejzifh wïwfEdkifiHtay: rnfrQrSDcdkae&oenf;}tay: todkuft0ef;av;ck\ oabmxm; ,lqcsufrsm; rSDcdk&efrvdk 19% 15% xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh14% EAOst¸tpnf;rsm;t&yfbuf ygwDrsm;EdkifiHa&; pD;yGm;a&;toif;t¸tpnf;rsm; rSDcdkae&ygonfMum;aerodyg 3% 2% 11% 0% ajzqdk&efjiif;qef 2% 0% 0% 7% 4% 7% pkpkaygif;20% 18% 56% 24% 25% 26% 12% 53%51% 54% 53%24% n ar;cGef;(12) vkHNcHKa&;ü ]jrefrmEdkifiHtaejzifh wïwfEdkifiHtay: rnfrQrSDcdkae&oenf;}tay: todkuft0ef;av;ck\ oabmxm; ,lqcsufrsm; rSDcdk&efrvdk 23% xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh11% EAOst¸tpnf;rsm;t&yfbuf ygwDrsm;EdkifiHa&; pD;yGm;a&;toif;t¸tpnf;rsm; rSDcdkae&ygonfMum;aerodyg 3% 2% 0% 3% ajzqdk&efjiif;qef 4% 0% 0% 12% 3% 4% pkpkaygif;28% 23% 46% 27% 24% 37% 29% 38%38% 36% 24% 38% 47%
48 wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf; wïwfEdkifiHtay: rSDcdkrIudk tpkt¸tvdkuftjrifrsm;tm; ydkif;jcm;&mü &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIwGif uGJvGJrIr&Sday/ &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIwGif wïwfEdkifiHtay: rSDcdkae&onf[k ,lqol 47 &mcdkif EIef;&SdNyD;? Mum;ae 40 &mcdkifEIef; &Sdaeonf/ Nidrf;csrf;a&;jzpfpOfü wïwfEdkifiHtay: rSDcdk ae&onf[k,lqol trsm;qHk;jzpfaomfvnf; tpkt¸wckcsif;pDudk qef;ppfMunfhonfh tcg Mum;ae&mcdkifEIef;wGif EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;\ 41 &mcdkifEIef;? e,fy,ftoD;oD;rS xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkif t¸tpnf;rsm;\ 40 &mcdkifEIef;wdkYu trsm;qHk;jzpfonf/ EdkifiHa&;wGif wïwfEdkifiHudk rSDcdk&efrvdk[k ,lqonfh tpkt¸rSm EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;jzpfNyD; 53 &mcdkifEIef;jzifh trsm;qHk;jzpfonf/ xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh EAOs rsm;\ 46 &mcdkifEIef;u vkHNcHKa&;u@ü w½kwfEdkifiHtay: rSDcdkae&aMumif; ajzMum;cJh onf/ t&yfbuft¸tpnf;rsm;\ 38 &mcdkifEIef;ESifh EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;\ 47 &mcdkifEIef; u vkHNcHKa&;u@wGif jrefrmEdkifiHtaejzifh w½kwfEdkifiHtay: rSDcdk&efrvdkaMumif; oabmxm;ay;cJhonf/ ukefoG,fa&;u@wGif w½kwfEdkifiHudk rSDcdkae&onf[k pD;yGm; a&;toif;? t¸tpnf;rsm;\ 77 &mcdkifEIef;ESifh EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;\ 76 &mcdkifEIef;wdkYu trsm;qHk;ajzMum;cJhonf/ ¶NzdK;wdk;wufa&;u@wGif w½kwfEdkifiHudk rSDcdk&efrvdk[k t&yfbuft¸tpnf;rsm;\ 48 &mcdkifEIef;u ajzqdkcJhMuNyD; EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;url w½kwfEdkifiHtay: rSDcdk&efrvdkaMumif; ,lqolESifh Mum;aeol 35 &mcdkifEIef;pD &SdcJhMuonf/ &v'frsm;udk EdIif;,SOfydkif;jcm;jcif;
49 jrefrmEdkifiHESifhqufqHa&;wGif wïwfEdkifiHbufu &vdkaom tusKd;pD;yGm;udk ar;jref; &mü tdE´d,ork'´&mwGif yx0DEdkifiHa&;t& vTrf;rdk;rI&&Sda&;udk trsm;qHk;a&G;cs,fMuNyD; 46 &mcdkifEIef;&Sdonf/ jrefrmEdkifiHrS o,HZmwt&if;jrpfrsm;&&Sda&;udk ajzqdkolrSm 'kwd,trsm;qHk;jzpfNyD; 28 &mcdkifEIef;cefY&Sdonf/ ,leefjynfe,f a&aMumif;xGufayguf &&Sda&; twGuf[k ajzqdkol 16 &mcdkifEIef;cefY&SdNyD; wïwfEdkifiH\ tajccHpufrIvkyfief;rsm; twGuf aps;uGufcsJUxGifvdkjcif;[k ,lqol av;&mcdkifEIef;cefY &Sdygonf/ l ar;cGef;(14) ar;cGef;(14)udk ar;jref;&mü jrefrmEdkifiHESifhqufqHa&;wGif w½kwfEdkifiHu &vdkaom tusKd;pD;yGm;tcsKdUudk zwfjycJhygonf/ xdktxJrS t"du tusqkH;[k,lqaom wckudk a&G;cs,fapcJhygonf/ rSwfcsuf ar;cGef;xJwGifazmfjycJhaom tusKd;pD;yGm;rsm;ü ]rnfonfhtusKd;pD;yGm;rS r&Sdyg} ESifh ]tmqD,HwGif r[mrdwf&&Sda&;}wdkY yg0ifaomfvnf; xdkESpfckudk
ajzMum;ol wOD;rQr&SdcJhay/ xdkYtwl ,ckar;cGef;tm; ]ajzqdk&efjiif;qef}olvnf; r&Sdyg/ jrefrmESifhqufqHa&;wGif w½kwfEdkifiHbufu &vdkaom tusKd;pD;yGm;/ vkyfief;rsm;twGufo,HZmwt&if;jrpfrsm;&&Sda&;yx0DEdkifiHa&;t&a&aMumif;xGufayguf,leefjynfe,ftdE´d,ork'´&mwGifvTrf;rdk;rIjrefrmEdkifiH&Sdw½kwfEdkifiH\tajccHpufrIaps;uGufcsJUxGifjcif;tjcm;rodyg 16% 46% 28% 1%4%5% w½kwfEdkifiHtay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ a,bk,soabmxm;tjrif
50 wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf; n ar;cGef;(14) ]jrefrmEdkifiHESifhqufqHa&;wGif w½kwfEdkifiHbufu &vdkaom tusKd;pD;yGm;}tay: todkuft0ef;av;ck\ oabmxm; ,lqcsufrsm; ar;cGef;(14)udk ajzqdkMuonfh tpkt¸tvdkuf tjrifrsm;udk ydkif;jcm;&mwGif t&yfbuf t¸tpnf;rsm;? e,fy,ftoD;oD;rS xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkif t¸ tpnf;rsm;onf tdE´d,ork'´&mwGif yx0DEdkifiHa&;t& vTrf;rdk;rI&&Sda&;rSm wïwfEdkifiH bufu t"du&vdkaom tusKd;pD;yGm;jzpfaMumif; trsm;qHk;ajzqdkcJhonf/ ¤if;wdkY\ ajzqdkcsufrsm;onf 49 &mcdkifEIef;jzifh wlnDMuonf/ EdkifiHa&;ygwD\ 41 &mcdkifEIef;ESifh pD;yGm;a&;toif;rsm;? t¸tpnf;rsm;\ 35 &mcdkifEIef;uvnf; xdkodkY,lqMuygonf/ xdkYtwl]jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd o,HZmwt&if;jrpfrsm; &&Sda&;} qdkonfhtcsufudk t&yfbuf t¸tpnf;rsm;? EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;? xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkif t¸ tpnf;rsm;u 'kwd,trsm;qkH;tjzpf ajzcJhMuonf/ odkYaomf pD;yGm;a&;toif;? t¸ tpnf;rsm;\ 33 &mcdkifEIef;url ],leefjynfe,f a&aMumif;xGufayguf &&SdEdkifa&;} qdk onfhtcsuftm; 'kwd,trsm;qkH; ajzcJhygonf/ rnfonfhtusKd;pD;yGm;rSr&Sdyg 0% 0% 0% xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh0% EAOst¸tpnf;rsm;t&yfbuf ygwDrsm;EdkifiHa&; pD;yGm;a&;toif;t¸tpnf;rsm; o,HZmwt&if;jrpfrsm;a&aMumif;xGufayguf&&Sda&;,leefjynfe,ftdE´d,ork'´&mwGifyx0DEdkifiHa&;t&vTrf;rdk;rI&&Sda&;jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd&&Sda&; 28% 32% 29% 23% w½kwftajccHpufrIvkyfief;rsm;twGufaps;uGufcsJUxGifjcif;tjcm;rodygajzqdk&efjiif;qef 0%5%1%4% 0%3%1%5% 12%0%6%0% 0%1%3%3% 0%6%2%2% r[mrdwf&&Sda&;tmqD,HwGif 0% 0% 0% 0% 2% 25% pkpkaygif;0% 16% 41% 35%49% 16% 10% 12% 33% 49%46% &v'frsm;udk EdIif;,SOfydkif;jcm;jcif;
w½kwfEdkifiH\EdkifiHa&;tusyftwnf;wGifjrefrmEdkifiH\yg0ifrI
52 wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf; vuf&SdjrefrmhEdkifiHa&;tusyftwnf;ü w½kwfEdkifiH\yg0ifrIudk tjyKoabmraqmif[k ,lqolrSm 54 &mcdkifEIef; (vkH;0 tjyKoabmraqmifESifh tjyKoabmraqmif)ESifh tjyKoabmaqmifonf[k ,lqol 40 &mcdkifEIef; (tvGeftjyKoabmaqmifESifh tjyK oabmaqmif) &Sdygonf/ tmPmodrf;NyD;aemufydkif;jzpfvmonhf jrefrmhEdkifiHa&; tusyftwnf;udkajz&Sif;&mü w½kwfEdkifiH\yg0ifrIonf tjyKoabmraqmif[k ,lq Muonf/ xdkodkYajzqdkol 39 &mcdkifEIef;&SdNyD; trsm;qkH;jzpfonf/ tjyKoabmaqmif onf[k ajzqdkolrSm 37 &mcdkifEIef;&SdNyD; vkH;0 tjyKoabmraqmifyg[k ,lqol 15 &mcdkifEIef; &Sdygonf/ ajzqdk&efjiif;qefol av;&mcdkifEIef;&SdNyD; rodyg[kajzqdkol ESpf&mcdkif EIef;&Sdonf/ tvGef tjyKoabmaqmifygonf[k ajzqdkol okH;&mcdkifEIef;om&Sdonf/ l ar;cGef;(15) ar;cGef;(15)udk ar;jref;&mwGif vuf&SdjrefrmhEdkifiHa&;tusyftwnf; ajz&Sif;&mü wïwfEdkifiH\yg0ifrI rnfrQtwdkif;twmtxd tjyK oabmaqmifoenf;udk tqifhowfrSwfay;yg[k ar;jref;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ tqifh]1}onf ]vkH;0 tjyKoabmraqmifyg}jzpfNyD;? ]4}onf ] tvGef tjyKoabmaqmifygonf}[k vuf&SdjrefrmhEdkifiHa&;tusyftwnf;ydkif;jcm;owfrSwfcJhygonf/ajz&Sif;&mü wïwfEdkifiH\yg0ifrI rnfrQtwdkif;twmtxd tjyKoabmaqmifoenf;/15% 37%39% vkH;0tjyKoabmaqmifygonftjyKoabmraqmifygtjyKoabmraqmifyg tvGef tjyKoabmaqmifygonfajzqdk&efjiif;qefrodyg 2%3%4%
53 rl0g'todkuft0ef;tvdkuf cGJjcm;Munfhygu tjyKoabmraqmif[k t&yfbuft¸ tpnf;rsm;u trsm;qHk;,lqMuNyD; ajzqdkol 73 &mcdkifEIef;ausmf (vHk;0 tjyKoabm raqmifESifh tjyKoabmraqmif) &Sdygonf/ tjyKoabmaqmifaMumif; ,lqonfh tpkt¸wGif EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;u trsm;qHk;jzpfNyD; 88 &mcdkifEIef;ausmf (tvGef tjyK oabmaqmifESifh tjyKoabmaqmif) &Sdonf/ jrefrmEdkifiH\ EdkifiHa&;tusyftwnf;wGif w½kwfEdkifiH\ yg0ifrI vkH;0 tjyKoabmraqmifyg 24% 0% 13% xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh7% EAOst¸tpnf;rsm;t&yfbuf ygwDrsm;EdkifiHa&; pD;yGm;a&;toif;t¸tpnf;rsm; tvGefaqmifygonftjyKoabmtjyKoabmraqmifygtjyKoabmaqmifygonf 3% 1% 6% 0% ajzqdk&efjiif;qefrodyg 4% 0% 0% 8% 6% 2% 0% 0% 3% 5% 10% n ar;cGef;(15) ]vuf&SdjrefrmhEdkifiHa&;tusyftwnf; ajz&Sif;&mü wïwfEdkifiH\yg0ifrI rnfrQtwdkif; twmtxd tjyKoabmaqmifoenf;}tay: todkuft0ef;av;ck\ oabmxm;,lqcsufrsm; pkpkaygif;15% 12% 23% 37% 25% 40%39% 50% 82% 43% 42% &v'frsm;udk EdIif;,SOfydkif;jcm;jcif;
54 wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf; vuf&SdjrefrmhEdkifiHa&;tusyftwnf;ü wïwfEdkifiH\yg0ifrIonf xda&mufrI&SdaMumif; ajzqdkol\ 59 &mcdkifEIef; (xda&mufygonfESifh tvGefxda&mufygonf)u ,lqMuyg onf/ jrefrmhtusyftwnf; ajz&Sif;&mü wïwfEdkifiH\yg0ifrIonf xda&mufaMumif; trsm;qHk;ajzqdkMuNyD; 46 &mcdkifEIef;&Sdonf/ rxda&mufyg[kajzqdkol 29 &mcdkifEIef;&Sdyg onf/ tvGefxda&mufygonf[k ajzqdkol 13 &mcdkifEIef;&Sdaomfvnf; vHk;0 rxda&muf yg[k ajzqdkol &Spf&mcdkifEIef;cefY &Sdonf/ l ar;cGef;(16) ar;cGef;(16)udk ar;jref;&mwGif vuf&SdjrefrmhEdkifiHa&;tusyftwnf; ajz&Sif;&mü wïwfEdkifiH\yg0ifrI rnfrQtwdkif;twmtxd xda&mufrI &Sdoenf;udk tqifhowfrSwfay;yg[k ar;jref;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ tqifh]1}onf ]vHk;0rxda&mufyg}jzpfNyD;? ]4}onf ]tvGef xda&mufygonf} [kvuf&SdjrefrmhEdkifiHa&;tusyftwnf;ydkif;jcm;owfrSwfcJhygonf/ ajz&Sif;&mü wïwfEdkifiH\yg0ifrI rnfrQtwdkif;twmtxd xda&mufrI &Sdoenf;/ 8% 29% 46% 13% 1%3%tvGefvHk;0rxda&mufygrxda&mufygxda&mufygonfxda&mufygonfajzqdk&efjiif;qefrodyg
55 rl0g'todkuft0ef;tvdkuf cGJjcm;Munfhygu tpkt¸rsm;\ usefa&G;cs,fcsufrsm;wGif odomxif&Sm;onfh uGJjym;csufrsm; rawGU&aomfvnf; EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;\ 82 &mcdkif EIef;ausmf (xda&mufygonfESifh tvGefxda&mufygonf)u wïwfEdkifiH\yg0ifrI xda&mufaMumif; trsm;qHk;ajzqdkcJhonf/ rxda&mufyg[k ajzqdkolrsm;xJwGif t&yf buf t¸tpnf;rsm;u trsm;qHk;jzpfNyD; 46 &mcdkifEIef;ausmf (vHk;0 rxda&mufygESifh rxda&mufyg) &Sdonf/ vHk;0rxda&mufyg 10% 6% 8% xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh5% EAOst¸tpnf;rsm;t&yfbuf ygwDrsm;EdkifiHa&; pD;yGm;a&;toif;t¸tpnf;rsm; xda&mufygonfxda&mufygonfrxda&mufygtvGef 13% 17% 12% 4% ajzqdk&efjiif;qefrodyg 3% 0% 0% 8% 4% 1% 1% 0% 3% 1% 18% n ar;cGef;(16) ]vuf&SdjrefrmhEdkifiHa&;tusyftwnf; ajz&Sif;&mü wïwfEdkifiH\yg0ifrI rnfrQtwdkif; twmtxd xda&mufrI&Sdoenf;}tay: todkuft0ef;av;ck\ oabmxm;,lqcsufrsm; pkpkaygif;8% 12% 15% 35% 30% jrefrmEdkifiH\ EdkifiHa&;tusyftwnf;wGif w½kwfEdkifiH\ yg0ifrI 29% 70% 48% 56%46% 37% &v'frsm;udk EdIif;,SOfydkif;jcm;jcif;
56 wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf; EdkifiHawmftkyfcsKyfa&;pDrHaumifpD 'Drdkua&pDtrsKd;om;t¸csKyf ajrmufydkif;&Srf;jynfe,ftajcpdkuf EAOs rsm; nDñGwfa&;trsKd;om;tpdk;& 100%75%50%25%0% Mum;aeraumif;ygrodygajzqdk&efjiif;qefaumif;ygonf ar;cGef;(17)rS (20)txdudk ar;jref;&mwGif 2021 ckESpf azazmf0g&D 1 &uf aemufydkif; ,ckzwfjyrnfh t¸tpnf;rsm;ESifh w½kwfEdkifiH tMum; qufqHa&;taetxm;udk tqifhowfrSwfay;yg[k ar;jref;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ tqifh]1}onf ]vHk;0raumif;yg}jzpfNyD;? ]4}onf ]tvGef aumif;ygonf}[k ydkif;jcm;owfrSwfcJhygonf/ l ar;cGef;(17)rS (20)txd jrefrmh t"duZmwfaumifrsm;ESifh wïwfEdkifiHtMum; qufqHa&;/ tmPmodrf;rIjzpfNyD;aemufydkif;wGif wïwfEdkifiHonf ppfaumifpD? &Srf;jynfe,fajrmuf ydkif;tajcpdkuf vufeufudkift¸rsm;ESifh qufqHa&; aumif;rGefaomfvnf; trsKd;om; 'Drdkua&pDt¸csKyf? trsKd;om;nDñGwfa&;tpdk;&wdkYESifh qufqHa&;raumif;[k oHk;oyf Muonf/ wïwfEdkifiHESifh ppfaumifpDtMum; qufqHa&;aumif;onf[k ajzqdkol trsm;qHk;jzpfNyD; 47 &mcdkifEIef; &Sdygonf/ Mum;ae 37 &mcdkifEIef;&SdNyD; qufqHa&; raumif;[k,lqol 10 &mcdkifEIef;ausmf&Sdonf/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDt¸csKyfESifh quf qHa&;raumif;[k ajzqdkol 55 &mcdkifEIef;eD;yg; &Sdygonf/ aumif;onf[kajzqdkol udk; &mcdkifEIef;ausmf&Sdonf/ &Srf;jynfe,fajrmufydkif;tajcpdkuf wdkif;&if;om; vufeufudkif t¸tpnf;rsm;ESifh wïwfEdkifiHtMum; qufqHa&;aumif;rGefonf[k ,lqol 53 &mcdkif EIef;eD;yg; &SdNyD;? raumif;[kajzqdkol 10 &mcdkifEIef;? Mum;aeol 29 &mcdkifEIef;cefY&Sdonf/ trsKd;om;nDñGGwfa&;tpdk;&ESifh wïwfEdkifiHtMum; qufqHa&;raumif;[k ,lqol trsm;qHk;jzpfNyD; 65 &mcdkifEIef;ausmf &Sdonf/ aumif;onf[k,lqol ig;&mcdkifEIef;ausmf? Mum;ae 18 &mcdkifEIef;ausmfESifh rodyg[k ajzqdkolrSm ckepf&mcdkifEIef;ausmf &SdcJhonf/
57 wïwfEdkifiHonf jrefrmEdkifiHtm; 'Drdkua&pDEdkifiH jzpfvma&;xuf tmPm&Sifpepf usifhoHk;aom EdkifiHtjzpf jrifvdkaMumif; jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;rS yk*¾dKvfrsm;u ,lq Muonf/ tmPm&SifpepfusifhoHk;aom EdkifiHtjzpfjrifvdkaMumif; 55 &mcdkifEIef;u ajz qdkcJhNyD; trsm;qHk;jzpfonf/ 'Drdkua&pDEdkifiHjzpfvma&; vdkvm;onf[k ajzqdkol 15 &mcdkifEIef;&SdNyD;? ajzqdk&efjiif;qefol 22 &mcdkifEIef;? rodyg[kajzqdkol &Spf&mcdkifEIef;cefY &Sdonf/ l ar;cGef;(21) ar;cGef;(21)udk ar;jref;&mwGif
jrefrmhEdkifiHa&;ESifhywfoufNyD; w½kwfEdkifiH\ oabmxm;tjrifESpfckudk zwfjyygrnf/ rnfonfhtcsuftm; oabmwlaMumif; ajymjyyg[k ar;jref;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ xdkYaemuf tajzwckudkom a&G;cs,fapcJhygonf/ jrefrmEdkifiHudk w½kwfEdkifiHu rnfodkY jrifvdkoenf;/ jrefrmEdkifiH\ EdkifiHa&;tusyftwnf;wGif w½kwfEdkifiH\ yg0ifrI 22%55%15%8% jrefrmEdkifiH 'Drdkua&pDEdkifiH jzpfvma&; w½kwfEdkifiHu vdkvm;onf jrefrmEdkifiHudk tmPm&SifpepfusifhokH;onfh EdkifiHtjzpf w½kwfEdkifiHu jrifvdkonf rodygajzqdk&efjiif;qef
ajzqdk&efjiif;qefol 18 &mcdkifEIef;eD;yg; &Sdonf/ xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh EAOst¸tpnf;rsm;t&yfbuf ygwDrsm;EdkifiHa&; pD;yGm;a&;toif;t¸tpnf;rsm; 29% ajzqdk&efjiif;qefrodyg 22% 16% 17% 30% 8% 3% 6% 12% 14% n ar;cGef;(21) ]jrefrmEdkifiHudk w½kwfEdkifiHu rnfodkY jrifvdkoenf;}tay: todkuft0ef;av;ck\ oabmxm;,lqcsufrsm; pkpkaygif; 6% 24% 28% 21%15% jrefrmEdkifiH 'Drdkua&pD EdkifiH jrefrmEdkifiHudkw½kwfEdkifiHujzpfvma&;udkvdkvm;onftmPm&SifpepfusifhokH;onfhEdkifiHtjzpfw½kwfEdkifiHujrifvdkonf 35%43%55% 75% 41% &v'frsm;udk EdIif;,SOfydkif;jcm;jcif;
58 wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf; wïwfEdkifiHtaejzifh jrefrmEdkifiHudk tmPm&SifpepfusifhoHk;aom EdkifiHtjzpf jrifvdk aMumif; xuf0ufausmfu ajzqdkcJhNyD; ajzqdk&efjiif;qefol 22 &mcdkifEIef; &SdcJhonf/ rl0g'todkuft0ef;tvdkuf qef;ppfygu t&yfbuft¸tpnf;rsm;teuf 75 &mcdkifEIef; ausmfu wïwfEdkifiHonf jrefrmEdkifiHudk tmPm&SifpepfusifhoHk;aom EdkifiHtjzpf jrifvdkaeonf[k ajzMum;cJhNyD;? pD;yGm;a&;toif;? t¸tpnf;rsm;\ 43 &mcdkifEIef;eD;yg; uvnf; xdktjrif,lqcsuftwdkif; ajzqdkcJhonfudk awGU&ygonf/ ajzqdk&ef jiif;qefcJh olrsm;xJwGif EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;u trsm;qkH;jzpfNyD; 41 &mcdkifEIef;ausmf &Sdygonf/ 'kwd,trsm;qkH; jiif;qefcJholrsm;rSm xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh EAOs rsm;jzpfNyD; 30 &mcdkifEIef; &Sdonf/ t&yfbuft¸tpnf;rsm;bufwGif ajzqdk&efjiif;qefol 16 &mcdkifEIef;&SdNyD;? pD;yGm;a&;toif;? t¸tpnf;rsm;bufwGif
59 vuf&Sdjrefrmhtusyftwnf;wGif wïwfEdkifiHu txda&mufqHk; yg0ifEdkifrnfhenf;vrf; onf ukvor*¾ txl;udk,fpm;vS,fESifh yl;aygif;yg0ifjcif;[k ,lqMuNyD;? ajzqdkol 32 &mcdkif EIef;jzifh trsm;qHk;jzpfcJhonf/ tmqD,Htxl;udk,fpm;vS,fESifh yl;aygif;yg0ifjcif;[k ajzqdkMuolrSm 'kwd,trsm;qHk;jzpfNyD; 30 &mcdkifEIef;&Sdonf/ wïwfEdkifiHtaejzifh wdkufïdufyg0ifjcif;[k ajzqdkolrSm 19 &mcdkifEIef; jzpfum? vHk;0 ryg0ifoifh[k ajzqdkol udk;&mcdkifEIef;&Sdygonf/ l ar;cGef;(22) ar;cGef;(22)udk ar;jref;&mwGif wïwfEdkifiHtaejzifh vuf&SdjrefrmEdkifiH\ tusyftwnf;wGif yg0ifEdkifrnfh ykHpHenf;emtcsKdUudk zwfjycJhonf/ xdkYaemuf rnfonfhykHpHjzifh yg0ifygu txda&mufqkH;jzpfrnfxifoenf;[k ar;jref;cJhum wckudk a&G;cs,fapcJhygonf/ wïwfEdkifiHtaejzifh vuf&Sdjrefrmhtusyftwnf;ü9%rnfodkYyg0ifoifhoenf;/19%32%30% 3%3%4% vHk;0 ryg0ifoifhyg wïwfEdkifiHtaejzifh wdkufïdufyg0ifjcif; UN txl;udk,fpm;vS,fESifhtmqD,Htxl;udk,fpm;vS,fESifhyl;aygif;yg0ifjcif;yl;aygif;yg0ifjcif;ajzqdk&efjiif;qefrodygtjcm; jrefrmEdkifiH\ EdkifiHa&;tusyftwnf;wGif w½kwfEdkifiH\ yg0ifrI
60 wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf; ar;cGef;(22)udk ajzqdkMu&mü rl0g't¸rsm;tMum; OD;pm;ay;rI uGm[onfudk awGU&yg onf/ ukvor*¾ txl;udk,fpm;vS,fESifh yl;aygif;yg0ifjcif;udk t&yfbuft¸tpnf;rsm; \ 39 &mcdkifEIef;u ajzMum;cJhNyD; trsm;qHk;jzpfygonf/ EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;\ 35 &mcdkifEIef; ausmfurl wïwfEdkifiHudk wdkuf½dkufyg0ifapvdkaMumif; ajzqdkcJhonf/ tmqD,Htxl; udk,fpm;vS,fESifh yl;aygif;yg0ifapaMumif;udk xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh wdkif;&if;om;vufeuf udkift¸rsm;\ 42 &mcdkifEIef;ausmf? pD;yGm;a&;toif;? t¸tpnf;rsm;\ 30 &mcdkifEIef; wdkYu trsm;qHk;jzifh toD;oD;a&G;cs,fcJhMuonf/ w½kwfEdkifiHtaejzifh wdkuf½dkufyg0ifjcif; enf;emudk EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;uom trsm;qkH; a&G;cs,fcJhMujcif;jzpfNyD; pD;yGm;a&;toif;? t¸tpnf;rsm;bufwGifvnf; w½kwfEdkifiH wdkuf½dkufyg0ifjcif;udk 'kwd,trsm;qkH;tjzpf a&G;cs,fxm;onf/ ,ckar;cGef;udk ajzqkd&ef jiif;qefolrsm;xJwGif pD;yGm;a&;toif;? t¸tpnf;rsm;u trsm;qkH;jzpfNyD; 18 &mcdkifEIef;eD;yg; &Sdygonf/ n ar;cGef;(22) ]wïwfEdkifiHtaejzifh vuf&Sdjrefrmhtusyftwnf;ü
rnfodkYyg0ifoifhoenf;}tay: todkuft0ef;av;ck\ oabmxm;,lqcsufrsm; vHk;0 ryg0ifoifhyg 13% 12% 3% xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh5% EAOst¸tpnf;rsm;t&yfbuf ygwDrsm;EdkifiHa&; pD;yGm;a&;toif;t¸tpnf;rsm; wïwfEdkifiHtaejzifhwdkufïdufyg0ifjcif; UN tmqD,Htxl;udk,fpm;vS,ftxl;udk,fpm;vS,fESifhyl;aygif;yg0ifjcif;ESifhyl;aygif;yg0ifjcif; 30% 26% 18% rodyg ajzqdk&ef jiif;qef 3%3% 0%1% 0%6% 17%2% 2%4% tjcm; 4% 4% 0% 3% 7% pkpkaygif;9% 14%19% 16% 25% 29% 20% 26%32% 40% 35% 30% 42% &v'frsm;udk EdIif;,SOfydkif;jcm;jcif;
61 5% 3% wïwfEdkifiHonf jrefrmEdkifiH\ vuf&SdEdkifiHa&;wGif jynfwGif;a&; 0ifa&mufrpGufzuf jcif;rl0g'udk usifhoHk;rIr&SdaMumif; ajzqdkoltrsm;pku ,lqMuonf/ ajzqdkolrsm;teuf 67 &mcdkifEIef;u xdkodkY,lqcJhNyD; 25 &mcdkifEIef;u usifhoHk;aeonf[k ajzqdkMuygonf/ l ar;cGef;(23) ar;cGef;(23)udk ar;jref;&mwGif jrefrmEdkifiH\ vuf&SdEdkifiHa&;ESifhywfoufNyD; wïwfEdkifiHtaejzifh jynfwGif;a&; 0ifrpGufzufjcif; rl0g'udk usifhokH;aeonf xifygovm;[k ar;jref;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ jynfwGif;a&; 0ifrpGufzufjcif;rl0g'udk wïwfEdkifiH usifhokH;aeonf[k xifygovm;/ jrefrmEdkifiH\ EdkifiHa&;tusyftwnf;wGif w½kwfEdkifiH\67%25%yg0ifrI ajzqdk&efjiif;qefrxifygrodygxifygonf
62 wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf; ar;cGef;(23)udk ajzqdkMu&mü jrefrmhEdkifiHa&;wGif wïwfEdkifiHtaejzifh jynfwGif;a&; 0ifrpGufzufjcif;rludk usifhoHk;aejcif;r&Sd[k xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh wdkif;&if;om;vufeuf udkift¸tpnf;rsm;\ 77 &mcdkifEIef;ausmfu ,lqcJhNyD; trsm;qHk;jzpfonf/ t&yfbuf t¸tpnf;rsm;\ 67 &mcdkifEIef;ausmfESifh pD;yGm;a&;toif;? t¸tpnf;rsm;\ 63 &mcdkif EIef; uvnf; xdktwdkif; ,lqcJhMuygonf/ odkYaomf t&yfbuft¸tpnf;rsm;\ 30 &mcdkifEIef;eD;yg;? EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;\ 29 &mcdkifEIef;eD;yg;? pD;yGm;a&;toif;? t¸tpnf; rsm;\ 25 &mcdkifEIef;ESifh xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh EAOs rsm;\ 16 &mcdkifEIef;eD;yg;u wïwf EdkifiHtaejzifh jynfwGif;a&; 0ifrpGufzufjcif;rl0g'udk usifhokH;aeaMumif; xifjrif,lq cJhMuonf/ ,ckar;cGef;udk ajzqdk&mwGif pD;yGm;a&;toif;? t¸tpnf;rsm;\ ckepf&mcdkif EIef;u ajzMum;&ef
jiif;qefcJhMuygonf/ n ar;cGef;(23) ]jynfwGif;a&; 0ifrpGufzufjcif;rl0g'udk wïwfEdkifiH usifhokH;aeonf[k xifygovm;}tay: todkuft0ef;av;ck\ oabmxm;,lqcsufrsm; xifygonf 30% 29% 25% xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh16% EAOst¸tpnf;rsm;t&yfbuf ygwDrsm;EdkifiHa&; pD;yGm;a&;toif;t¸tpnf;rsm; ajzqdk&efjiif;qefrxifygrodyg 3% 1% 6% 3%7% pkpkaygif;25%5% 2% 4% 67% 18% 5% 47% 63% 77%67% &v'frsm;udk EdIif;,SOfydkif;jcm;jcif;
63 tmPmodrf;NyD;aemufydkif; jzpfvmaom EdkifiHa&;tusyftwnf;rsm;aMumifh jrefrm EdkifiHESifh w½kwfEdkifiHtMum; ydkrdkeD;pyfoGm;rnf[k r,lqMuacs/ xdkodkY r,lqaMumif; ajzqdkol 60 &mcdkifEIef; &SdcJhonf/ ,lqygonf[kajzqdkol 31 &mcdkifEIef; &SdNyD;? rodygESifh ajzqdk&ef jiif;qefolrSm ig;&mcdkifEIef;ESifh av;&mcdkifEIef; toD;oD;&SdMuonf/ l ar;cGef;(24) ar;cGef;(24)udk ar;jref;&mwGif 2021 ckESpf azazmf0g&D 1 &ufaemufydkif; jzpfvmonfh EdkifiHa&;tusyftwnf;aMumifh a,bk,stm;jzifh jrefrmEdkifiHESifh w½kwfEdkifiHtMum; ydkeD;pyfoGm;onf[k ,lqygovm;[lí ar;jref;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ EdkifiHa&;tusyftwnf;aMumifh jrefrmEdkifiHESifh w½kwfEdkifiHtMum; ydkeD;pyfoGm;onf[k ,lqygovm;/ jrefrmEdkifiH\ EdkifiHa&;tusyftwnf;wGif w½kwfEdkifiH\ yg0ifrI ajzqdk&efjiif;qefr,lqygrodyg,lqygonf
60%31% 5% 4%
64 wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf; jrefrmhEdkifiHa&;ESifh vªtcGifhta&;qdkif&m jyóemrsm;ESifhywfoufvmygu ukvor*¾ ESifh tmqD,H ponfh EdkifiHwumrsufESmpmrsm;wGif wïwfEdkifiHonf (ppfaumifpDbufrS aeí) taemufEdkifiHrsm;udk wif;wif;rmrm &ifqdkifEdkifrnf[k ,lqygovm;qdkonfh ar;cGef;tm; r,lqaMumif; ajzqdkol 56 &mcdkifEIef; &SdNyD; ,lqygonf[k ajzqdkol 33 &mcdkifEIef; &SdcJhonf/ l ar;cGef;(25) ar;cGef;(25)udk ar;jref;&mwGif jrefrmhEdkifiHa&;ESifh vªtcGifhta&;qdkif&m
jyóemrsm;ESifhywfoufvmygu ukvor*¾ESifh tmqD,H paom EdkifiHwumrsufESmpmrsm;wGif wïwfEdkifiHonf (ppfaumifpDbufrSaeí) wif;wif;rmrm &ifqdkifEdkifrnf[k ,lqygovm;[lí ar;jref;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/jrefrmhta&;ESifhywfoufí wïwfEdkifiHbufu wif;wif;rmrm &ifqdkifEdkifrnf[k ,lqygovm;/ 56%33% ajzqdk&efjiif;qefr,lqygrodyg,lqygonf 6% 6%
odkYr[kwf ydkí taumif;jrifvmovm;? odkYr[kwf tajymif;tvJr&Sdbl;vm;[k ar;jref;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ tmPmodrf;rIjzpfNyD;aemufydkif; wïwfEdkifiHtay: ½IjrifyHk ajymif;vJcJhovm;/ jrefrmEdkifiH\ EdkifiHa&;tusyftwnf;wGif w½kwfEdkifiH\59%34%yg0ifrI ydkí ajzqdk&efjiif;qefydkítajymif;tvJrodygtqdk;jrifygonfr&Sdygtaumif;jrifygonf 2%2%3%
65 tmPmodrf;rIjzpfNyD;aemufydkif; w½kwfEdkifiHtay: oabmxm;tjrif ajymif;vJrI &Sd? r&Sd ar;jref;&mü oabmxm;tjrif ajymif;vJrIr&Sd[k ajzqdkol 59 &mcdkifEIef;&SdNyD;? ydkí tqdk;jrifygonf[k ajzqdkol 34 &mcdkifEIef;&Sdonf/ ydkí taumif;jrifvmonf[k ajz qdkol ESpf&mcdkifEIef;? rodyg[kajzqdkol ESpf&mcdkifEIef;ESifh ajzqdk&ef jiif;qefol oHk;&mcdkif EIef;&Sdonf/ l ar;cGef;(26) ar;cGef;(26)udk ar;jref;&mwGif 2021 ckESpf azazmf0g&D 1 &ufaemufydkif; w½kwfEdkifiHtay: ydkítqdk;jrifvmovm;?
66 wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf; ar;cGef;(26)udk ajzqdkMu&mü oabmxm;tjrif ajymif;vJjcif;r&Sd[k tkyfpktoD;oD;u trsm;qHk;ajzqdkcJhMuonf/ xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkifrsm; tpkt¸rS ajzMum;ol 70 &mcdkifEIef;ausmfonf oabmxm;tjrifajymif;vJrIr&Sd[k a&G;cs,fcJhNyD; tkyfpktoD;oD;wGif trsm;pkjzpfygonf/ ydkítqdk;jrifvmonf[laomtajzudk trsm; qHk;a&G;cs,fcJhMuolrsm;rSm t&yfbuft¸tpnf;rsm;jzpfNyD; 44 &mcdkifEIef; &Sdygonf/ xdkYtwl pD;yGm;a&;toif;? t¸tpnf;rsm;\ 32 &mcdkifEIef;ausmfuvnf; xdkodkY,lqcJhMu onf/ n ar;cGef;(26) ]tmPmodrf;rIjzpfNyD;aemufydkif; wïwfEdkifiHtay: ½IjrifyHk ajymif;vJcJhovm;}tay: todkuft0ef;av;ck\ oabmxm;,lqcsufrsm; ydktqdk;jrifygonf 44% 12% 32% xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh25% EAOst¸tpnf;rsm;t&yfbuf ygwDrsm;EdkifiHa&; pD;yGm;a&;toif;t¸tpnf;rsm; tajymif;tvJ ydktaumif;jrifygonfr&Sdygrodygajzqdk&efjiif;qef 3%2% 0%1% 12%0% 0%3%10%3% pkpkaygif;34%2% 0% 2%12% 5% 64% 50% 70%59% 55% &v'frsm;udk EdIif;,SOfydkif;jcm;jcif;
pOf;pm;onf tmPmudkifpGJxm;aomolrodyg
67 tmPmodrf;rIjzpfNyD;aemufydkif; w½kwfEdkifiHonf jrefrmEdkifiHESifhywfoufaom rl0g' pOf;pm;csufwGif tmPmudkifpGJxm;aomol rnfolESifhrqdk tqifajyaom qufqHa&; &&Sd&eftwGufom t"duxm;pOf;pm;onf[k jrefrmhrl0g' todkuft0ef;u ,lqMu onf/ xdkodkY,lqaMumif; ajzqdkol 79 &mcdkifEIef; &Sdygonf/ xdkyrmPrSm ,ckppfwrf;udk ajzqdkMuonfhtajzrsm;xJü &mcdkifEIef;trsm;qHk; &&Sdonfh tajzwck jzpfygonf/ jrefrm jynfolrsm;\oabmxm;udk tav;xm;pOf;pm;onf[k ajzqdkol 11 &mcdkifEIef;om &SdNyD; ajzqdk&efjiif;qefol ckepf&mcdkifEIef;? rodyg[kajzqdkol oHk;&mcdkifEIef; &Sdygonf/ l ar;cGef;(27) ar;cGef;(27)udk ar;jref;&mwGif 2021 ckESpf azazmf0g&D 1 &ufaemufydkif; wïwfEdkifiHtaeESifh jrefrmEdkifiHESifhywfoufaom rl0g'rsm;wGif t"du tav;xm;pOf;pm;onfh tcsufESpfcsufudk zwfjycJhum wckudk a&G;cs,fapcJhygonf/ jrefrmhrl0g'rsm;twGuf wïwfEdkifiH rnfodkYpOf;pm;oenf;/ EdkifiHa&;tusyftwnf;wGif w½kwfEdkifiH\ yg0ifrI oabmxm;udk tav;xm; ajzqdk&efjiif;qeft"duxm;tqifajyaomqufqHa&;rnfolESifhrqdk&&Sd&efudkompOf;pm;onf
3% 7%
jrefrmEdkifiH\
79%11% jrefrmjynfolrsm;\
68 wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf; ar;cGef;(27)udk ajzMum;&mü w½kwfEdkifiHonf tmPmudkifpGJxm;ol rnfolESifhrqdk tqifajyaom qufqHa&;udk t"duxm;pOf;pm;onf[k t&yfbuft¸tpnf;rsm;\ 89 &mcdkifEIef;ausmfu trsm;qHk;,lqMuonf/ 'kwd,trsm;qHk;rSm EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm; bufujzpfNyD; 82 &mcdkifEIef;ausmf &Sdygonf/ pD;yGm;a&;toif;? t¸tpnf;rsm;\ 68 &mcdkifEIef;eD;yg;tjyif xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh wdkif;&if;om; vufeufudkift¸tpnf;rsm;\ 67 &mcdkifEIef;vnf; xdkodkY ,lqMuygonf/ n ar;cGef;(27) ]tmPmodrf;rIjzpfNyD;aemufydkif; jrefrmhrl0g'rsm;twGuf wïwfEdkifiH rnfodkYpOf;pm;oenf;}tay: todkuft0ef;av;ck\ oabmxm;,lqcsufrsm; tav;xm;pOf;pm;onfjrefrmjynfolrsm;\oabmxm;udktmPmudkifpGJxm;olESifhtqifajy&efudkomt"duxm;pOf;pm;onf 9% 6% 15% xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh14% EAOst¸tpnf;rsm;t&yfbuf ygwDrsm;EdkifiHa&; pD;yGm;a&;toif;t¸tpnf;rsm; ajzqdk&efjiif;qefrodyg 7% 2% 12% 10%14% pkpkaygif;11%3% 0% 9% 67% 0% 3% 82% 68% 67%79% 89% &v'frsm;udk EdIif;,SOfydkif;jcm;jcif;
jrefrmEdkifiHESifh wïwfEdkifiHtMum; pD;yGm;a&;t& qufqHa&;
70 wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf; jrefrmEdkifiHwGif w½kwfEdkifiH\ pD;yGm;a&;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIrsm;u jrefrmjynfolrsm;tay: tusKd;&SdaMumif; ajzqdkol (tusKd;&SdygonfESifh tvGeftusKd;&Sdygonf tygt0if) 52 &mcdkifEIef; &Sdonf/ tusKd;r&Sd[k ajzqdkol 36 &mcdkifEIef;&SdNyD;? vHk;0tusKd;r&Sd[k ajzqdkol ajcmuf&mcdkifEIef; &Sdygonf/ l ar;cGef;(28) ar;cGef;(28)udk ar;jref;&mwGif wïwfEdkifiH\ pD;yGm;a&;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIrsm;u jrefrmjynfolvlxktay: rnfonfhtwdkif;twmtxd tusKd; &SdovJ qdkonfudk tqifhowfrSwfay;&ef ar;jref;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ tqifh]1}onf ]vHk;0 tusKd;r&Sdyg}jzpfNyD;? ]4}onf ]tvGeftusKd;&Sdygonf} [kwïwfEdkifiH\ydkif;jcm;owfrSwfcJhygonf/pD;yGm;a&;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIrsm;u jrefrmvlxktwGuf rnfrQtusKd;&Sdoenf;/ 6% 36% 50% 2% 4% ajzqdk&ef2%jiif;qefrodygtvGef&SdygonftusKd;&SdygonftusKd;tusKd;r&SdygtusKd;r&SdygvHk;0
71 ar;cGef;(28)twGuf tajzrsm;udk qef;ppfvQif t&yfbuft¸tpnf;rsm;\ 63 &mcdkif EIef;ausmfu w½kwfEdkifiH\ pD;yGm;a&;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIrsm;onf jrefrmEdkifiHtwGuf (vHk;0 tusKd;r&Sd tygt0if) tusKd;r&Sd[k trsm;qHk; ½IjrifcJhonf/ pD;yGm;a&;toif;? t¸tpnf; rsm;\ 80 &mcdkifEIef;rSmrl (tvGeftusKd;&Sdygonf tygt0if) tusKd;&Sdygonf[k trsm; qHk; ajzMum;cJhonf/ EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;\ 76 &mcdkifEIef;uvnf; (tusKd;&SdygonfESifh tvGeftusKd;&Sdygonf) tusKd;&Sdonf[k ½IjrifMuonf/ n ar;cGef;(28)
]wïwfEdkifiH\ pD;yGm;a&;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIrsm;u jrefrmvlxktwGuf rnfrQtusKd;&Sdoenf;}tay: todkuft0ef;av;ck\ oabmxm;,lqcsufrsm; jrefrmESifh wïwfEdkifiHtMum; pD;yGm;a&;t& qufqHa&; vHk;0 tusKd;r&Sdyg 10% 0% 3% xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh2% EAOst¸tpnf;rsm;t&yfbuf ygwDrsm;EdkifiHa&; pD;yGm;a&;toif;t¸tpnf;rsm; tusKd;tusKd;r&Sdyg&SdygonftvGeftusKd;&Sdygonf 2% 3% 6% 0% ajzqdk&efjiif;qefrodyg 2% 2% 6% 0% 4% 4% 3% 0% 2% 5% 3% pkpkaygif;6% 18% 15% 29% 26%36% 70% 77% 63%50% 53% &v'frsm;udk EdIif;,SOfydkif;jcm;jcif;
72 wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf; w½kwfEdkifiHonf jrefrmEdkifiHtwGuf tBuD;rm;qHk;pD;yGm;zuf jzpfonfESifhywfoufNyD; pdk;&drfp&mtjzpf ½Ijrifol 58 &mcdkifEIef;&Sdonf/ BudKqdkp&mtjzpfjrifol 26 &mcdkifEIef;&SdNyD;? rodyg[kajzqdkol udk;&mcdkifEIef;&Sdonf/ ajzqdk&efjiif;qefolrSm ckepf&mcdkifEIef; &Sdyg onf/ l ar;cGef;(29) ar;cGef;(29)udk ar;jref;&mwGif wïwfEdkifiHonf jrefrmtwGuf tBuD;rm;qHk;pD;yGm;zuf jzpfaeonfhtay: oabmxm;udk ar;jref;cJhjcif; jzpfonf/ ]pdk;&drfp&mjzpfonf} ESifh ]BudKqdkp&mjzpfonf}[laom a&G;cs,fp&m ay;xm;NyD; wcktm; a&G;cs,fapcJhygonf/ wïwfEdkifiHonf jrefrmtwGuf tBuD;rm;qHk;pD;yGm;zuf jzpfaejcif;udk rnfodkYoabmxm;oenf;/58% 26% 9% ajzqdk&ef7%jiif;qefrodygBudKqdkp&mjzpfonfpdk;&drfp&mjzpfonf
73 ar;cGef;(29)twGuf ajzqdkcsufrsm;udk qef;ppfygu t&yfbuft¸tpnf;rsm;\ 78 &mcdkifEIef;ausmfu pdk;&drfp&m[k trsm;qHk; ,lqcJhMuNyD; pD;yGm;a&;toif;? t¸tpnf; rsm;\ 55 &mcdkifEIef;u BudKqdkp&m[k ajzqdkcJhMuonf/ odkYaomf EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;\ 41 &mcdkifEIef;ausmfu pdk;&drfp&m[k jrifcJhonfhenf;wl usef 41 &mcdkifEIef;ausmfurl BudKqdk p&m[k jrifcJhygonf/ EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;\ 12 &mcdkifEIef;eD;yg;? xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh EAOs rsm;\ 12 &mcdkifEIef;wdkYu ajzqdk&ef jiif;qefcJhygonf/ n ar;cGef;(29) ]wïwfEdkifiHonf jrefrmEdkifiHtwGuf tBuD;rm;qHk;pD;yGm;zuf jzpfaejcif;udk rnfodkYoabmxm;oenf;}tay: todkuft0ef;av;ck\ oabmxm;,lqcsufrsm; jrefrmESifh wïwfEdkifiHtMum; pD;yGm;a&;t& qufqHa&; pdk;&drfp&m jzpfonf 78% 41% 27% xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh47% EAOst¸tpnf;rsm;t&yfbuf ygwDrsm;EdkifiHa&; pD;yGm;a&;toif;t¸tpnf;rsm; BudKqdkp&majzqdk&efjiif;qefjzpfonfrodyg 7% 4% 12% 12%8% pkpkaygif;58%9% 5% 16%6% 10% 41% 55% 25%26% 13% &v'frsm;udk EdIif;,SOfydkif;jcm;jcif;
74 wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf; l ar;cGef;(30)ESifh (31) ESpfEdkifiHtMum; ukefoG,fa&;ESifh &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrItay: rnfodkYjrifoenf;/ tmPmodrf;rIjzpfNyD;aemufydkif; w½kwfEdkifiHESifh jrefrmEdkifiHtMum; ukefoG,fa&;ESifh &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIESpfckpvHk;ü ydkenf;oGm;onf[k trsm;pkuajzcJhonf/ ukefoG,fa&;wGif ydkenf;oGm;onf[k,lqol 73 &mcdkifEIef;&SdNyD; ,ciftwdkif;[k,lqol 12 &mcdkifEIef; &Sdonf/ ydkrsm;vmonf[k ,lqol 11 &mcdkifEIef; &Sdygonf/ &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIwGif ydkenf; oGm;onf[k ,lqol 42 &mcdkifEIef;&SdNyD;? ,ciftwdkif;[k,lqol 28 &mcdkifEIef;&Sdonf/ ydkrsm;vmonf[k ,lqol 21 &mcdkifEIef;ESifh rodyg[kajzqdkol ajcmuf&mcdkifEIef;
&Sdyg ar;cGef;(30)ESifhonf/(31)udk ar;jref;&mwGif 2021 ckESpf azazmf&D 1 &ufaemufydkif; wïwfEdkifiHESifh jrefrmEdkifiHtMum; pD;yGm;a&;qufqHrI tajctae (ukefoG,fa&;ESifh &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI)tay: tjrifudkajym&ef ar;jref;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ ydkenf;oGm;onf t&iftwdkif; rodyg ajzqdk&efjiif;qef73%ydkrsm;vmonf 42% 12% 28% 11% 21% ar;cGef;(30) ukefoG,fa&; ar;cGef;(31) &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI
75 jrefrmESifh wïwfEdkifiHtMum; pD;yGm;a&;t& qufqHa&; l ar;cGef;(32)rS (35)txd e,fpyf*dwfrsm;tm; wïwfEdkifiHu xdef;csKyfcJhojzifh buftoD;oD;tay: oufa&mufrI/ udkApfuyfab;udk taMumif;jyKí e,fpyf*dwfrsm;udk w½kwfEdkifiHuydwfcJhojzifh e,fpyf ukefoG,fa&; ododomom usqif;cJhjcif;onf ppfaumifpD? wdkif;&if;om; vufeufudkif t¸tpnf;rsm;? jrefrmEdkifiHrS jynfwGif;pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;&Sifrsm;ESifh omrefjynfolrsm; tay: twdkif;twmwcktxd qdk;aponf[k trsm;qHk;ajzqdkMuonf/ ppfaumifpD tay: twdkif;twmwcktxd qdk;apaMumif; ajzqdkol 66 &mcdkifEIef;&SdNyD;? wdkif;&if;om; vufeufudkift¸tpnf;rsm;tay: twdkif;twmwcktxd qdk;aponf[kajzqdkol 54 &mcdkifEIef;&Sdygonf/ jrefrmEdkifiHrS jynfwGif;pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;&Sifrsm;tay:wGif twdkif; twmwcktxd qdk;apaMumif; ajzqdkol 50 &mcdkifEIef;ESifh omrefjynfolrsm;tay: twdkif;twmwcktxd qdk;apaMumif; ajzqdkol 56 &mcdkifEIef; &Sdonf/ ar;cGef;(32)rS (35)udk ar;jref;&mwGif 2021 ckESpf EdkifiHa&;tusyftwnf;umvtwGif; w½kwfEdkifiHu ¤if;\e,fpyf*dwfrsm;udk xdef;csKyf vdkufonfhtwGuf w½kwf¼jrefrm e,fpyfukefoG,fa&; usqif;cJhygonf/ xdkuJhodkY e,fpyfukefoG,fa&;*dwfrsm;udk wif;usyfpGm xdef;csKyf vdkufjcif;onf jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;&Sd t¸tpnf;rsm;tay: rnfodkYoufa&mufrI&Sdonf[k xifoenf;[lí ar;jref;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ xdkodkY ar;jref;&mwGif t¸tpnf;tcsKdUudk zwfjycJhNyD; tqifhowfrSwfay;apcJhygonf/ tqifh]1}onf ]tvGefqdk;aponf}jzpfNyD;? ]5}onf ]tvGef aumif;aponf}[k ydkif;jcm;owfrSwfcJhonf/ ar;cGef;(32) EdkifiHawmfpDrHtkyfcsKyfa&;aumifpD ar;cGef;(33)
wdkif;&if;om; vufeufudkift¸tpnf;rsm; ar;cGef;(34) jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd jynfwGif;pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;&Sifrsm; ar;cGef;(35) omrefjynfolrsm; tvGef twdkif;twmqdk;aponfwcktxd aumif;aponftwdkif;twm wcktxdtvGefqdk;aponfaumif;aponfrnfonfh oufa&mufrIrS r&Sdyg rodyg ajzqdk&ef jiif;qef rSwfcsuf ar;cGef;xJwGif ]tvGef aumif;aponf} qdkaomtcsuf yg0ifaomfvnf; xdktcsufudk ajzqdkol wOD;rQr&SdcJhay/ 66%8% 54% 34%43% 56% 50%21% 12% 15%
24%14%20%19%11%
76 wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf; l ar;cGef;(36) wïwfEdkifiHESifh jrefrmEdkifiHtMum; rnfonfhtcsdefwGif pD;yGm;a&;t& qufqHrItajctae ydkaumif;vmrnfenf;/ wïwfEdkifiHESifh jrefrmEdkifiHtMum; pD;yGm;a&;t& qufqHa&;tajctae ydkaumif;rnfh ESpfumvtydkif;tjcm;udk cefYrSef;r&ol trsm;qHk;jzpfaeNyD; rodyg[kajzqdkol 24 &mcdkif EIef;&Sdonf/ ajzqdkol 20 &mcdkifEIef;u 2025 ckESpfaemufydkif;rSom jyefaumif;rnf[k ,lqMuygonf/ 2024 ckESpfwGif jyefaumif;rnf[k ajzqdkol 19 &mcdkifEIef;&SdNyD;? aumif;vmrnfh taetxm;r&Sd[k ajzqdkol 14 &mcdkifEIef; &Sdygonf/ 2023 ckESpftwGif; jyefaumif;rnf[kajzqdkol 11 &mcdkifEIef;ESifh 2025 ckESpftwGif; jyefaumif;rnf[k ajzqdkol ajcmuf&mcdkifEIef; &Sdygonf/ ,ck 2022 ckESpftwGif;[k ajzqdkolrSm tenf; qHk;jzpfNyD; wpf&mcdkifEIef;om&Sdonf/ ar;cGef;(36)udk ar;jref;&mwGif rnfonfhESpfumvtydkif;tjcm;wGif wïwfESifhjrefrmtMum; pD;yGm;a&;t& qufqHa&;tajctae ydkNyD; aumif;rGefvmrnfenf;[k ar;jref;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ xdkYaemuf ESpfumvtydkif;tjcm;tcsKdUudk zwfjycJhNyD; xdktxJrSwckudk a&G;cs,fapcJhygonf/ 2022 ckESpf twGif; 2023 ckESpf twGif; 2024 ckESpf twGif; 2025 ckESpf twGif; 2025 ckESpf aemufydkif; aumif;rGefvmrnfhrodyg taetxm; r&Sdyg ajzqdk&efjiif;qef
77 jrefrmESifh wïwfEdkifiHtMum; pD;yGm;a&;t& qufqHa&; ar;cGef;(36)twGuf ajzqdkcsufrsm;udk qef;ppfygu 2022 ckESpfwGif qufqHa&; aumif;rGefrnf[k EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;ESifh pD;yGm;a&;toif;? t¸tpnf;rsm;bufwGif ,lqol wOD;rQr&Sday/ xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh wdkif;&if;om; vufeufudkift¸tpnf;rsm; bufwGif wpf&mcdkifEIef;ausmf&SdNyD;? t&yfbuft¸tpnf;rsm;bufwGifvnf; wpf&m cdkifEIef; &SdcJhonf/ 2025 ckESpfaemufydkif;rS aumif;rGefvmEdkifrnfqdkjcif;udk EdkifiHa&;ygwD rsm;u trsm;qHk;a&G;cs,fcJhNyD;
35 &mcdkifEIef;ausmf &SdcJhonf/ n ar;cGef;(36) ]wïwfEdkifiHESifh jrefrmEdkifiHtMum; pD;yGm;a&;t& qufqHrIydkaumif;rnfh ESpfumvtydkif;tjcm;}tay: todkuft0ef;av;ck\ oabmxm;,lqcsufrsm; 2022 ckESpf twGif; 2023 ckESpf twGif; 2024 ckESpf twGif; 2025 ckESpf twGif; 2025 ckESpf ajzqdk&efaemufydkif;rodygjiif;qef 1% 0% 0% xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh2% EAOst¸tpnf;rsm;t&yfbuf ygwDrsm;EdkifiHa&; pD;yGm;a&;toif;t¸tpnf;rsm; 6% 6% 5% aumif;rGefvmrnfhtaetxm;r&Sdyg 14%5% 22%20%1% 24%0%6% 10%10% 12%5% 20% 5% 18% 3% pkpkaygif;1% 16%11% 10% 0% 12% 29% 27%13%24%19% 7% 35% 33% 21%21% &v'frsm;udk EdIif;,SOfydkif;jcm;jcif;26%
wïwfEdkifiH\jrefrmhNidrf;csrf;a&;vkyfief;pOfwGifyg0ifrI
80 wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf; l ar;cGef;(37) jrefrmhNidrf;csrf;a&;&&Sd&ef wïwfEdkifiH rnfrQvdkvm;oenf;/ wïwfEdkifiHtaejzifh jrefrmEdkifiHwGif Nidrf;csrf;a&;&&Sd&ef vdkvm;ygonf[k ajzqdkol (twdkif;twmwcktxd vdkvm;ygonfESifh tvGefvdkvm;ygonf tygt0if) 75 &mcdkif EIef; &SdNyD; trsm;qHk;jzpfonf/ rvdkvm;yg[kajzqdkol 15 &mcdkifEIef; &SdNyD;? tvGefvdkvm; aMumif; ajzqdkol &Spf&mcdkifEIef;cefY &Sdygonf/ ar;cGef;(37)udk ar;jref;&mwGif w½kwfEdkifiHtaejzifh jrefrmEdkifiHü Nidrf;csrf;a&;&&Sda&;udk rnfrQtwdkif;twmtxd vdkvm;aMumif; tqifh owfrSwfay;&ef ar;jref;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ tqifh]1}onf ]vkH;0 rvdkvm;yg}jzpfNyD;? ]4}onf ]tvGef vdkvm;onf}[k ydkif;jcm;owfrSwfcJhygonf/ 15% 67% 8% vHk;0 ajzqdk&efjiif;qefrodygtvGefvdkvm;ygonftwdkif;twmrvdkvm;ygrvdkvm;ygwcktxdvdkvm;ygonf 5%4% 1%
81 jrefrmhNidrf;csrf;a&;vkyfief;pOfwGif wïwf\ yg0ifrI ar;cGef;(37)udk ajzqdk&mü jrefrmEdkifiHwGif Nidrf;csrf;a&;&&Sd&ef wïwfEdkifiHtaejzifh twdkif;twmwcktxd vdkvm;aMumif; tpkt¸av;ckpvHk;u ,lqMuonf/ xdkodkY ,lq&mwGif EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;\ 88 &mcdkifEIef;ausmfu (tvGefvdkvm; tygt0if) twdkif;twmwcktxd vdkvm;onf[k ajzMuonf/ xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh wdkif;&if;om; vufeufudkift¸tpnf;rsm;\ 88 &mcdkifEIef;eD;yg;uvnf; xdktwdkif; ,lqcJhygonf/ n ar;cGef;(37) ]jrefrmhNidrf;csrf;a&;&&Sd&ef wïwfEdkifiH rnfrQvdkvm;oenf;}tay: todkuft0ef;av;ck\ oabmxm;,lqcsufrsm; vHk;0 rvdkvm;yg 7% 0% 5% xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh4% EAOst¸tpnf;rsm;t&yfbuf ygwDrsm;EdkifiHa&; pD;yGm;a&;toif;t¸tpnf;rsm; twdkif;twmrvdkvm;ygwcktxdvdkvm;ygonftvGefvdkvm;ygonf 8% 8% 6% 5% ajzqdk&efjiif;qefrodyg 1% 0% 6% 5% 0% 4% 2% 0% 8% 3% 15% pkpkaygif;5% 6% 12% 5%15% 23% 67% 60% 82% 55% 83% &v'frsm;udk EdIif;,SOfydkif;jcm;jcif;
82 wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf; l ar;cGef;(38) jrefrmhNidrf;csrf;a&;vkyfief;pOf atmifjrif&ef wïwfEdkifiH rnfrQpGrf;aqmifEdkifoenf;/ wïwfEdkifiHonf jrefrmhNidrf;csrf;a&;vkyfief;pOf atmifjrifa&;twGuf twdkif;twmwck txd aqmif&GufEdkifpGrf;&Sdonf[k trsm;qHk;,lqMuNyD; 70 &mcdkifEIef;&Sdonf/ aqmif &GufEdkifpGrf; tjynfht0&SdaMumif; ,lqol 14 &mcdkifEIef;&Sdum 'kwd, trsm;qHk;jzpfonf/ aqmif&GufEdkifpGrf;r&Sd[k ,lqol 11 &mcdkifEIef;&SdNyD; aqmif&GufEdkifpGrf; vHk;0r&Sd[k ,lq ol ESpf&mcdkifEIef;cefY &Sdygonf/ ar;cGef;(38)udk ar;jref;&mwGif jrefrmEdkifiH\ Nidrf;csrf;a&;vkyfief;pOf atmifjrifa&;twGuf wïwfEdkifiHwGif pGrf;aqmif&nf rnfrQ&Sdonfudk tqifhowfrSwfay;&ef ar;jref;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ tqifh]1}onf ]aqmif&GufEdkifpGrf; vkH;0r&Sd}jzpfNyD;? ]4}onf ]aqmif&GufEdkifpGrf; tjynfht0&Sd} [k ydkif;jcm;owfrSwfcJhygonf/ aqmif&GufEdkifpGrf; vHk;0r&Sd aqmif&GufEdkifpGrf; ajzqdk&efjiif;qefrodygaqmif&GufEdkifpGrf;aqmif&GufEdkifpGrf;&Sdtwdkif;twmwckxdr&Sdygtjynfht0&Sd70%11%14% 2%1% 2%
tqifh]1}onf ]tvGef qdk;usKd;jzpfaponf}jzpfNyD;? ]4}onf ]tvGef aumif;usKd;&Sdygonf}[k ydkif;jcm;jrefrmhNidrf;csrf;a&;vkyfief;pOfwGifowfrSwfcJhygonf/ wïwf\ yg0ifrI tvGef ajzqdk&efjiif;qefrodygtvGefaumif;usKd;&Sdonftwdkif;twmwcktxdqdk;usKd;twdkif;twmwcktxdqdk;usKd;jzpfaponfjzpfaponfaumif;usKd;&Sdygonf 25% 56% 4%7% 4% 4%
83 l ar;cGef;(39) jrefrmhNidrf;csrf;a&;vkyfief;pOfwGif wïwfEdkifiH\yg0ifrI rnfrQoufa&mufrI&Sdoenf;/ jrefrmhNidrf;csrf;a&;ü wïwfEdkifiH\yg0ifrIudk aumif;usKd;qdk;usKd;owfrSwfonfh ar;cGef; wGif twdkif;twmwcktxd aumif;usKd;&SdaMumif; trsm;qHk;ajzcJhMuNyD; 56 &mcdkifEIef; &SdcJhonf/ twdkif;twmwcktxd qdk;usKd;jzpfapaMumif;ajzcJhol 'kwd,trsm;qHk;&SdNyD; 25 &mcdkifEIef; &Sdygonf/ tvGefaumif;usKd;jzpfaponfESifh tvGefqdk;usKd;jzpfaponf[k ajzqdkol av;&mcdkifEIef;pD&SdNyD;? rodyg[kajzqdkol ckepf&mcdkifEIef; &Sdygonf/ ar;cGef;(39)udk ar;jref;&mwGif jrefrmhNidrf;csrf;a&;vkyfief;pOfwGif wïwfEdkifiH\yg0ifrI rnfrQtusKd;oufa&mufrI&Sdonfudk tqifhowfrSwf ay;&ef ar;jref;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/
60% 35%
xl;jcm;csufjzpfonf/ ar;cGef;(40)udk ar;jref;&mwGif &Srf;jynfe,fajrmufydkif;&Sd wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkifrsm;tay:
84 wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf; 3% 2% l ar;cGef;(40) &Srf;jynfe,fajrmufydkif;&Sd wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkifrsm;tay: wïwfEdkifiH&Srf;jynfajrmufydkif;&SdrnfrQvTrf;rdk;oenf;/wdkif;&if;om; vufeufudkifrsm;tay: wïwfEdkifiHonf twdkif; twmwcktxd vTrf;rdk;rI&SdaMumif;udk trsm;qHk;,lqMuNyD; 60 &mcdkifEIef;&Sdonf/ xdkYtjyif tvGefvTrf;rdk;rI&Sdonf[k ,lqol 35 &mcdkifEIef; yg&Sdonf/ vHk;0vTrf;rdk;rIr&SdESifh vTrf;rdk;rIr&Sd[k,lqol wOD;rQr&Sdjcif;rSm wïwfEdkifiHu ]vkH;0 vTrf;rdk;rIr&Sdyg}jzpfNyD;? ]4}onf ]tvGef ajzqdk&efjiif;qefrodygtvGefvTrf;rdk;rI&Sdonftwdkif;twmwcktxdvTrf;rdk;rI&Sdonf
rnfrQtwdkif;twmtxd vTrf;rdk;Edkifoenf;udk tqifhowfrSwfay;&ef ar;jref;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ tqifh]1}onf
vTrf;rdk;rI &Sdonf}[k ydkif;jcm;owfrSwfcJhygonf/
85 ar;cGef;(40)udk ajzqdk&mü EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;? xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh wdkif;&if;om;vufeuf udkift¸tpnf;rsm;rS ajzqdkoltm;vHk;u (tvGefvTrf;rdk;jcif;tygt0if) twdkif;twm wcktxd vTrf;rdk;rI&Sdonf[k &mEIef;jynfh ,lqcJhonfudk xl;xl;jcm;jcm; awGU&ygonf/ t&yfbuft¸tpnf;rsm;\ 97 &mcdkifEIef; (tvGefvTrf;rdk;jcif;tygt0if) ESifh pD;yGm;a&; toif;? t¸tpnf;rsm;\ 77 &mcdkifEIef;ausmf (tvGefvTrf;rdk;jcif;tygt0if) uvnf; xdkodkY ,lqMuonf/ n ar;cGef;(40) ]&Srf;jynfe,fajrmufydkif;&Sd wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkifrsm;tm; wïwfEdkifiH rnfrQvTrf;rdk;oenf;}tay: todkuft0ef;av;ck\ oabmxm;,lqcsufrsm; jrefrmhNidrf;csrf;a&;vkyfief;pOfwGif wïwf\ yg0ifrI vHk;0 vTrf;rdk;rIr&Sdyg 0% 0% 0% xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh0% EAOst¸tpnf;rsm;t&yfbuf ygwDrsm;EdkifiHa&; pD;yGm;a&;toif;t¸tpnf;rsm; twdkif;twmwcktxdvTrf;rdk;rIr&SdygvTrf;rdk;rI&SdonftvGefvTrf;rdk;rI&Sdonf 35% 38% 12% 37% ajzqdk&efjiif;qefrodyg 2% 0% 0% 10% 0% 3% 2% 0% 12% 0% 35% pkpkaygif;0% 0% 0% 0%0% 1% 60% 59% 88% 43% 63% &v'frsm;udk EdIif;,SOfydkif;jcm;jcif;
86 wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf; l ar;cGef;(41) wyfrawmftay: wïwfEdkifiH rnfrQvTrf;rdk;oenf;/ wïwfEdkifiHu jrefrmhwyfrawmftay: twdkif;twmwcktxd vTrf;rdk;EdkifpGrf;&Sdonf[k trsm;qHk;ajzqdkMuNyD; 64 &mcdkifEIef;cefY &Sdygonf/ tvGefvTrf;rdk;rI&Sdonf[k ,lqol 23 &mcdkifEIef;&Sdum vTrf;rdk;rIr&Sd[k ,lqol ckepf&mcdkifEIef; &Sdygonf/ vHk;0vTrf;rdk;jcif; r&Sd[k ,lqol wpf&mcdkifEIef;om&Sdjcif;u xl;jcm;csufwckjzpfonf/ ar;cGef;(41)udk
ar;jref;&mwGif wïwfEdkifiHu jrefrmhwyfrawmftay: rnfrQtwdkif;twmtxd vTrf;rdk;Edkifoenf;udk tqifhowfrSwfay;&ef ar;jref;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ tqifh]1}onf ]vkH;0 vTrf;rdk;rIr&Sdyg}jzpfNyD;? ]4}onf ]tvGef vTrf;rdk;rI&Sdonf}[kvTrf;rdk;rIr&SdygvHk;0ajzqdk&efjiif;qefrodygtvGefvTrf;rdk;rI&Sdonftwdkif;twmwcktxdydkif;jcm;owfrSwfcJhygonf/vTrf;rdk;rI&SdonfvTrf;rdk;rIr&Sdyg64% 23% 1% 7% 4% 1%
16% 16% 9% 5% 46% 3% 3% 2%
87 l ar;cGef;(42) Nidrf;csrf;a&;vkyfief;pOf xda&mufatmifjrif&ef wïwfEdkifiH rnfodkY yg0ifoifhoenf;/ jrefrmhNidrf;csrf;a&;vkyfief;pOf xda&mufatmifjrifap&eftwGuf wïwfEdkifiHtaejzifh EdkifiHwumESifh ydkrdkyl;aygif;aqmif&Gufoifhonf[k ajzqdkol 46 &mcdkifEIef;&SdNyD; trsm; qHk;jzpfonf/ Nidrf;csrf;a&;aqG;aEG;yGJrsm; jzpfajrmufa&;twGuf buftoD;oD;udk wGef; tm;ay;oifhaMumif;ESifh Nidrf;csrf;a&;aqG;aEG;yGJrsm;ü Mum;0ifaphpyfay;oltjzpf yg0if oifhonf[kajzqdkol 'kwd,trsm;qHk;jzpfNyD; 16 &mcdkifEIef;pD &Sdygonf/ vHk;0 ryg0ifoifh aMumif; ajzMum;ol ig;&mcdkifEIef;om &Sdygonf/ ar;cGef;(42)udk ar;jref;&mwGif jrefrmhNidrf;csrf;a&;vkyfief;pOf xda&mufatmifjrifEdkif&ef wïwfEdkifiHtaejzifh rnfodkY yg0ifoifhoenf; [k ar;jref;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ xdkodkYar;jref;&mwGif tajzrsm;udk zwfjycJhNyD; wckudkom a&G;cs,fapcJhygonf/ jrefrmhNidrf;csrf;a&;vkyfief;pOfwGif wïwf\ yg0ifrI
ajzqdk&efjiif;qefrodygtjcm;yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufoifhonf/EdkifiHwumESifhbuftoD;oD;udkNidrf;csrf;a&;aqG;aEG;yGJrsm;tultnDtaxmuftyHhrsm;Nidrf;csrf;a&;twGufvHk;0Mum;0ifaphpyfay;oltjzpfNidrf;csrf;a&;aqG;aEG;yGJrsm;wGifyg0ifoifhonf/ryg0ifoifhygvdktyfonfhay;oifhonf/jzpfajrmufa&;wGef;tm;ay;oifhonf/ydkrdk
88 wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf; l ar;cGef;(43) jrefrmEdkifiHü Nidrf;csrf;a&;&&Sd&eftwGuf OD;pm;ay;ajz&Sif;Edkifrnfh enf;vrf;ESpfoG,f/ jrefrmEdkifiHwGif Nidrf;csrf;a&;&&Sd&eftwGuf OD;pm;ay;ajz&Sif;&rnfh tcsufESpfckudk ay; xm;cJhNyD; a&G;cs,fapcJh&m 'Drdkua&pDpepf xGef;um;a&;ESifh EdkifiHa&; tifpwDusL;&Sif;rsm; jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;udk OD;pm;ay;jcif;tm; trsm;qHk;a&G;cs,fcJhMuNyD; 70 &mcdkifEIef; &Sdyg onf/ pD;yGm;a&;¶NzdK;wdk;wufrIudk OD;pm;ay;ajz&Sif;jcif;tm; a&G;cs,folrSm 13 &mcdkif EIef;om &Sdygonf/ ar;cGef;(43)udk ar;jref;&mwGif vuf&SdjrefrmEdkifiHwGif Nidrf;csrf;a&;&&Sd&eftwGuf OD;pm;ay;ajz&Sif;Edkifrnfh enf;vrf;ESpfck udk zwfjycJhNyD; wck udkom a&G;cs,fapcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ ajzqdk&efjiif;qefrodygtjcm;ajz&Sif;aqmif&Guf&ygrnfpD;yGm;a&;¶NzdK;wdk;wuf&efajz&Sif;aqmif&Guf&ygrnfjyKjyifajymif;vJa&;udkEdkifiHa&;tifpwDusL;&Sif;rsm;'Drdkua&pDpepfxGef;um;a&;ESifhOD;pm;ay;OD;pm;ay;70%13%10% 3% 4%
oabmxm;pD;yGm;a&;pBuøpDrHudef;rsm;tay:wïwf¼jrefrmtjrif
nDwlnDrQ tusKd;&Sdrnfh pDrHudef;? odkYr[kwf w½kwfEdkifiHudk ydkNyD;tusKd;&Sdaponf? odkYr[kwf jrefrmEdkifiHudk ydkNyD;tusKd;&Sdaponf? rnfodkYxifjrifoenf;[k ydkNyD;tusKd;&Sdapw,fwïwfEdkifiHudktusKd;&SdygonfESpfEdkifiHvHk;twGufar;jref;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/nDwlnDrQrodygajzqdk&efjiif;qef 83% 12%2%3% rSwfcsuf ar;cGef;xJwGif ]jrefrmEdkifiHudk ydkNyD;tusKd;jzpfapw,f} qdkaomtcsuf yg0ifaomfvnf; xdktcsufudk ajzqdkol wOD;rQr&SdcJhay/
90 wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf; l ar;cGef;(44) wïwf¼jrefrm pD;yGm;a&;pBuøpDrHudef;onf rnfoªtwGuf ydktusKd;&Sdapoenf;/ wïwf¼jrefrm pD;yGm;a&;pBuøpDrHudef;rsm;onf wïwfEdkifiHtwGuf ydkNyD;tusKd;&Sdap aMumif; trsm;qHk;,lqcJhMuNyD; 83 &mcdkifEIef; &Sdygonf/ xdkyrmPonf ,ckppfwrf;udk ajzqdkMuonfh tajzrsm;xJü &mcdkifEIef;trsm;qHk;&&Sdonfh tajzwck jzpfygonf/ ESpf EdkifiHpvHk;twGuf nDwlnDrQtusKd;&Sdonf[k ajzMum;ol 12 &mcdkifEIef;&SdNyD;? jrefrmEdkifiH udk ydkNyD; tusKd;jzpfaponfqdkjcif;tm; ajzqdkol wOD;rQr&SdcJhay/ ar;cGef;(44)udk ar;jref;&mwGif wïwf¼jrefrm pD;yGm;a&;pBuøpDrHudef;onf ESpfEdkifiHpvkH;twGuf
91 wïwf¼jrefrm pD;yGm;a&;pBuøpDrHudef;rsm;tay: oabmxm;tjrif ar;cGef;(44)udk ajzqdk&mü ESpfOD;ESpfzuf nDwlnDrQtusKd;&SdaMumif; ajzqdkol enf;yg; cJhaomfvnf; xdktajzudk pD;yGm;a&;toif;? t¸tpnf;rsm;\ 33 &mcdkifEIef;eD;yg;u trsm;qHk; a&G;cs,fcJhMuygonf/ n ar;cGef;(44) ]wïwf¼jrefrm pD;yGm;a&;pBuøpDrHudef;onf rnfoªtwGuf ydktusKd;&Sdapoenf;}tay: todkuft0ef;av;ck\ oabmxm;,lqcsufrsm; xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh EAOst¸tpnf;rsm;t&yfbuf ygwDrsm;EdkifiHa&; pD;yGm;a&;toif;t¸tpnf;rsm;
ESpfEdkifiHvHk; ydkNyD;tusKd;jzpfapw,fydkNyD;tusKd;&Sdapw,ftusKd;&SdygonfnDwlnDrQwïwfEdkifiHudkjrefrmEdkifiHudk 0% 0% 0% 0% ajzqdk&efjiif;qefrodyg 2% 2% 6% 0% 2% 3% 1% 6% 5% 5% 0% pkpkaygif; 6% 33% 12%12% 4% 83% 93% 82% 62% 81% &v'frsm;udk EdIif;,SOfydkif;jcm;jcif;
tusKd;tjrwf &Sdap&ef tajccHonf[k ,lqol 15 &mcdkifEIef;&Sdonf/ ar;cGef;(45)udk ar;jref;&mwGif wïwf¼jrefrm pD;yGm;a&;pBuøpDrHudef;\ &nf&G,fcsuftay: oabmxm;tjrif udk ajym&ef ar;jref;cJhjcif; jzpfonf/ wïwfEdkifiH\ pD;yGm;a&; tusKd;tjrwf &&Sdap&ef jrefrmEdkifiHESifh ajzqdk&efjiif;qefrodygxdef;csKyfEdkif&efta&;ygonfhyx0DEdkifiHa&;t&oufa&mufrIEdkifiHrsm;tay:wGifa'owGif;MoZmvTrf;rdk;jzefYusufEdkif&efr[mAsL[musae&mrsm;udk 4% 15% 1% 14% 65%
92 wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf; l ar;cGef;(45) wïwf¼jrefrm pD;yGm;a&;pBuøpDrHudef;\ &nf&G,fcsuftay: oabmxm;tjrif/ wïwf¼jrefrm pD;yGm;a&;pBuøpDrHudef;\ &nf&G,fcsufonf yx0DEdkifiHa&;t& r[m AsL[musaom ta&;ygonfhae&mrsm;tm; xdef;csKyf&ef[k ,lqol trsm;qHk;&SdNyD; 65 &mcdkifEIef; &Sdygonf/ jrefrmEdkifiHESifh a'owGif;EdkifiHrsm;tay: MoZmvTrf;rdk;oufa&mufrI jzefYusufEdkif&ef[k ,lqol 14 &mcdkifEIef;? wïwfEdkifiH\ pD;yGm;a&;t&
93 l ar;cGef;(46) wïwf¼jrefrm pD;yGm;a&;pBuøESifhywfoufí vltrsm;tMum; pdk;&drfylyefrI/ wïwf¼jrefrm pD;yGm;a&;pBuøESifhywfoufí a'owGif; yx0DEdkifiHa&;t& vTrf;rdk;cH&rI udk trsm;qHk;pdk;&drfMuNyD; 34 &mcdkifEIef;cefY &Sdonf/ ta<u;axmifacsmufudk pdk;&drfolrSm 'kwd,trsm;qHk;jzpfNyD; 18 &mcdkifEIef;&Sdonf/ vlrIESifh obm0ywf0ef;usifxdcdkufrIudk pdk;&drfol 17 &mcdkifEIef;&Sdum? pD;yGm;a&;t&vTrf;rdk;cH&rIudk pdk;&drfol 16 &mcdkifEIef; &Sdyg onf/ EdkifiHa&;t& vTrf;rdk;cH&rIudk
pdk;&drfol ajcmuf&mcdkifEIef;om &SdNyD;? wpHkw&m pdk;&drf ylyefolr&Sd[k ajzqdkol oHk;&mcdkifEIef; &Sdygonf/ ar;cGef;(46)udk ar;jref;&mwGif wïwf¼jrefrm pD;yGm;a&;pBuøESifhywfoufNyD; vltrsm;tMum; pdk;&drfylyefrItrsKd;rsKd;&Sdonfhteuf tcsKdUudk zwfjycJhNyD; pdk;&drfylyef&qkH;tcsufwckudk a&G;cs,fapcJhonf/ 18%16% 17% 3% 6% 2%5% 34% pdk;&drfp&m ajzqdk&efjiif;qefrodygxdcdkufrIvlrIESifhvTrf;rdk;cH&rIa'owGif;pD;yGm;a&;t&EdkifiHa&;t&ta<u;axmifacsmufr&SdygvTrf;rdk;cH&rIvTrf;rdk;cH&rIyx0DEdkifiHa&;t&obm0ywf0ef;usif wïwf¼jrefrm pD;yGm;a&;pBuøpDrHudef;rsm;tay: oabmxm;tjrif
94 wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf; l ar;cGef;(47)rS (50)txd wïwf¼jrefrm pD;yGm;a&;pBuø\ oufa&mufrIrsm;/ ar;cGef;(47)rS (50)txd ar;jref;&mwGif wïwf¼jrefrm pD;yGm;a&;pBuøpDrHudef;onf jrefrmEdkifiHtay: tusKd;oufa&mufrIrsm; &SdaMumif; qdkMuonfhteuf tcsKdUudk zwfjycJhNyD; oabmwl? rwl ar;jref;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ vHk;0 oabmrwlyg oabmrwlyg oabmwlygonf vHk;0 oabmwlygonf rodyg ajzqdk&efjiif;qef ar;cGef;(47) aumif;rGefaomNidrf;csrf;a&;vkyfief;pOftay:wGiftusKd;oufa&mufrI&Sdonf/ ar;cGef;(49) jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd jynfolrsm;\ wdk;wufaumif;rGefvmonf/vlrIpD;yGm;b0rsm;udk ar;cGef;(48) jrefrmEdkifiH taxmuftuljzpfygonf/pD;yGm;a&;zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;twGuf
ar;cGef;(50) jrefrmjynfolvlxk &ifqdkifae&aom pD;yGm;a&;? EdkifiHa&; tusyftwnf;rsm;twGuf xGufaygufjzpfEdkifonf/ 48% 29%11%1% 7% 4% 60% 4% 29% 2%1%4% 42% 8% 3%5%42% 59% 15% 19% 3%4% rSwfcsuf ar;cGef;(49)ESifh(50)wGif ]vHk;0 oabmwlygonf} qdkaomtcsuf yg0ifaomfvnf; xdktcsufudk ajzqdkol wOD;rQr&SdcJhay/
95 wïwf¼jrefrm pD;yGm;a&;pBuøpDrHudef;onf Nidrf;csrf;a&;vkyfief;pOftay: tusKd;ouf a&mufrI&Sdonfqdkaom tcsuftm; oabmwljcif;r&Sdonfudk awGU&onf/ oabmrwl aMumif; ajzqdkrI 48 &mcdkifEIef; &Sdonf/ oabmwlaMumif;ajzqdkol 29 &mcdkifEIef; &Sdum? vHk;0oabmrwl[k ajzMum;ol 11 &mcdkifEIef;ESifh rodyg[k ajzMum;ol ckepf&mcdkifEIef; &Sdygonf/ odkYaomf pD;yGm;a&;pBuøpDrHudef;onf jrefrmEdkifiH pD;yGm;a&;¶NzdK;wdk;wufrI twGuf taxmuftuljzpfaMumif; ,lqMuNyD; ajzqdkol 60 &mcdkifEIef;&Sdonf/ oabm rwlol 29 &mcdkifEIef;&Sdum vHk;0oabmwljcif;r&Sdol av;&mcdkifEIef;cefY &Sdygonf/ jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd jynfolrsm;\ vlrIpD;yGm;b0rsm;udk wdk;wufaumif;rGefvmaponf [laomtcsufwGifrl oabmwlolESifh oabmrwlol &mcdkifEIef;wlnDcJhNyD; 42 &mcdkifEIef; pD &SdcJhonf/ vHk;0oabmrwl[k ajzqdkol &Spf&mcdkifEIef;ESifh rodyg[kajzqdkol av;&mcdkif EIef; &Sdonf/ jrefrmjynfolvlxk &ifqdkifae&aom pD;yGm;a&;? EdkifiHa&; tusyftwnf;rsm; twGuf xGufaygufjzpfEdkifonfqdkaom tcsufudk oabmrwlol 59 &mcdkifEIef;&SdNyD; trsm;qHk;jzpfygonf/ oabmwlaMumif; ajzqdkol 19 &mcdkifEIef;ESifh vHk;0 oabmrwl[k ajzqdkol 15 &mcdkifEIef; &Sdonf/ ar;cGef;(47)rS (50)txd ajzqdkcsufrsm;tm; EdIif;,SOfqef;ppf&mwGif pD;yGm;a&;pBuø pDrHudef;onf Nidrf;csrf;a&;wGif aumif;rGefaom oufa&mufrIjzpfaMumif; pD;yGm;a&; toif;? t¸tpnf;rsm;\ 55 &mcdkifEIef;u ajzqdkcJhonf/ pD;yGm;a&;¶NzdK;wdk;wufa&; twGuf taxmuftuljzpfonfudkvnf; pD;yGm;a&;toif;? t¸tpnf;rsm;\ 85 &mcdkifEIef;u (vHk;0oabmwlygonf tygt0if) oabmwlcJhMuonf/ EdkifiHa&;ygwD rsm;\ 76 &mcdkifEIef;? xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkift¸rsm;\ 72 &mcdkif EIef;wdkYuvnf; (vHk;0oabmwlonf tygt0if) oabmwlcJhaMumif; awGU&Sd&onf/ oabmrwlaMumif; ajzqdkolrsm;xJwGif t&yfbuft¸tpnf;rsm;u trsm;qHk;jzpfNyD; (vHk;0oabmrwljcif; tygt0if) oabmrwlaMumif; 52 &mcdkifEIef;ausmfu ajzcJh onf/ jrefrmEdkifiHrS jynfolrsm;\ vlrIpD;yGm;b0rsm; wdk;wufaumif;rGefvmaprnfudk vnf; t&yfbuft¸tpnf;rsm;u oabmrwlcJhbJ(vHk;0oabmrwljcif; tygt0if) oabmrwlol 74 &mcdkifEIef;ausmf &SdcJhonf/ useftpkt¸rsm;teuf trsm;pku oabmwlaMumif; a&G;cs,fcJhMuonf/ jrefrmjynfolrsm; &ifqdkifae&onfh pD;yGm;a&;? EdkifiHa&; tusyftwnf;rsm;twGuf xGufaygufjzpfEdkifonfqdkaom ay;xm;csufudkrl tpkt¸tm;vHk;u oabmrwlaMumif; ajzqdkcJhMuonf/ &v'frsm;udk EdIif;,SOfydkif;jcm;jcif; wïwf¼jrefrm pD;yGm;a&;pBuøpDrHudef;rsm;tay: oabmxm;tjrif
96 wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf; n ar;cGef;(47) ]Nidrf;csrf;a&;vkyfief;pOftay:wGif aumif;rGefaom tusKd;oufa&mufrI&Sdonf}tay: todkuft0ef;av;ck\ oabmxm;,lqcsufrsm; vHk;0 oabmrwlyg 14%18%2%4%1% 12%41%0%0%0% 10%12%20%3%0% xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh10%35%7%0%4% EAOst¸tpnf;rsm;t&yfbuf ygwDrsm;EdkifiHa&; pD;yGm;a&;toif;t¸tpnf;rsm; oabmwlygonfoabmrwlyg vHk;0 oabmwlygonfajzqdk&efjiif;qefrodyg pkpkaygif;11%29%1%7%4%48% 61% 47% 55% 44% n ar;cGef;(48) ]jrefrmEdkifiH pD;yGm;a&;¶NzdK;wdk;wufa&;twGuf taxmuftuljzpfygonf}tay: todkuft0ef;av;ck\ oabmxm;,lqcsufrsm; 48%4%1%1%3% 12%12%0%0%0% 0%7%3%8%0% xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh16%5%2%5%2% EAOst¸tpnf;rsm;t&yfbuf ygwDrsm;EdkifiHa&; pD;yGm;a&;toif;t¸tpnf;rsm; oabmwlygonfoabmrwlyg vHk;0 oabmwlygonfrodygajzqdk&efjiif;qef pkpkaygif;4%29%1%4%2%60% 43% 76% 82% 70% vHk;0 oabmrwlyg
97 n ar;cGef;(49) ]jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd jynfolrsm; vlrIpD;yGm;b0rsm;udk wdk;wufaumif;rGefvmonf}tay: todkuft0ef;av;ck\ oabmxm;,lqcsufrsm; vHk;0 oabmrwlyg 24%14%0%1%1% 35%0%0%0%6% 15%3%0%7%3% xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh32%5%2%9%3% EAOst¸tpnf;rsm;t&yfbuf ygwDrsm;EdkifiHa&; pD;yGm;a&;toif;t¸tpnf;rsm; oabmwlygonfoabmrwlyg vHk;0 oabmwlygonfrodygajzqdk&efjiif;qef pkpkaygif;8%0%5%3%42%42% 60% 59% 72% 49% n ar;cGef;(50) ]jrefrmjynfolvlxk &ifqdkifae&aom pD;yGm;a&;? EdkifiHa&; tusyftwnf;rsm;twGuf xGufaygufjzpfEdkifonf}tay: todkuft0ef;av;ck\ oabmxm;,lqcsufrsm; vHk;0 oabmrwlyg 24%0%0%1% 6%0%0%6% 35%12%0%8%8% xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh4%9%2%3% EAOst¸tpnf;rsm;t&yfbuf ygwDrsm;EdkifiHa&; pD;yGm;a&;toif;t¸tpnf;rsm; oabmwlygonfoabmrwlyg vHk;0 oabmwlygonfrodygajzqdk&efjiif;qef pkpkaygif;15%0%4%3%19% 4% 35% 28% 59% 71% 53% 37% 54% wïwf¼jrefrm pD;yGm;a&;pBuøpDrHudef;rsm;tay: oabmxm;tjrif
98 wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf; l ar;cGef;(51) wïwf¼jrefrm pD;yGm;a&;pBuøu jrefrmhvlrIb0ESifhobm0ywf0ef;usiftay: xdcdkufrI/ wïwf¼jrefrmpD;yGm;a&;pBuøu jrefrmjynfolrsm;\ vlrIb0ESifh obm0ywf0ef;usif tay: twdkif;twmwcktxd xdcdkufrI&SdaMumif; ,lqMuonf/ xdkodkY ajzMum;ol 59 &mcdkifEIef; &Sdygonf/ tvGefxdcdkufrI&SdaMumif; ,lqol 32 &mcdkifEIef;&SdNyD;? xdcdkufrIr&Sdyg ESifh rodyg[kajzqdkol av;&mcdkifEIef;pD &SdMuonf/ vHk;0xdcdkufrI r&Sdygqdkaom ay;xm; csufudk ajzqdkol wOD;rQr&SdcJhay/ ar;cGef;(51)udk ar;jref;&mwGif wïwf¼jrefrm pD;yGm;a&;pBuøu jrefrmjynfolrsm;\ vlrIb0ESifh obm0ywf0ef;usiftay: rnfrQtwdkif; twmtxd
xdcdkufrI&Sdaponfudk tqifhowfrSwfay;&ef ar;jref;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ tqifh]1}onf ]vkH;0 xdcdkufrIr&Sdyg}jzpfNyD;? ]4}onf ] tvGef xdcdkufrI&Sdonf}[k ydkif;jcm;owfrSwfcJhygonf/ ajzqdk&efjiif;qefrodygtvGefxdcdkufrI&SdonfxdcdkufrI&Sdonftwdkif;twmwckxdxdcdkufrIr&Sdyg59% 4% 32% 1%4% rSwfcsuf ar;cGef;(51)wGif ]vHk;0 xdcdkufrIr&Sdyg} qdkaomtcsuf yg0ifaomfvnf; xdktcsufudk ajzqdkol wOD;rQr&SdcJhay/
99 rSwfcsuf ar;cGef;(52)tm; ar;jref;&mwGif tajzudk wckxufydkí a&G;cs,fEdkifap&ef cGifhjyKcJhonf/ l ar;cGef;(52) wïwf¼jrefrm pD;yGm;a&;pBuøpDrHudef;rsm;ESifhywfoufNyD; qufoG,faqG;aEG;rI &Sd? r&Sd/ wïwf¼jrefrm pD;yGm;a&;pBuøpDrHudef;rsm;tm; taumiftxnfazmfrnfh wïwfukrÜPD rsm;u jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;&Sd yk*¾dKvfrsm;udk qufoG,faqG;aEG;zl;ygovm;qdkonfh ar;cGef;udk ar;jref;cJhygonf/ xdkar;cGef;wGif wckxufydkaom tajzudk ajzqdkcGifhay;cJhyg onf/ odkY&mwGif wïwfukrÜPDrsm;taejzifh vHk;0qufoG,faqG;aEG;jcif;r&SdcJhaMumif; ajzMum;ol 75 &mcdkifEIef; &Sdonf/ qufoG,faqG;aEG;ygonf[k ajzMum;ol 11 &mcdkif EIef;&SdNyD;? pDrHudef;ESifhywfoufí tcsuftvufrsm;ay;onf[k ajzMum;ol udk;&mcdkif EIef;&Sdygonf/ rodyg[kajzMum;olrSm ig;&mcdkifEIef;jzpfonf/ ar;cGef;(52)udk ar;jref;&mwGif wïwf¼jrefrm pD;yGm;a&;pBuøpDrHudef;ESifhywfoufNyD; xdkpDrHudef;üyg0ifaom w½kwfukrÜPDrsm;\ ajzqdk&efjiif;qefrodygtcsuftvufrsm;pDrHudef;ESifhywfoufíaqG;aEG;ygonfwm0ef&Sdolrsm;uaqG;aEG;jcif;r&Sdygvma&muf&Sif;jyay;ydkYygonf oabmxm;tjrif
wm0ef &Sdoltaejzifh (oif\tjrifESifh oabmxm;rsm;od&Sd&ef) tajzwckxufydkí a&G;cs,fcGifhay;um ar;jref;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ 75% 11%9%5% 1% vHk;0 qufoG,f
wïwf¼jrefrm pD;yGm;a&;pBuøpDrHudef;rsm;tay:
udkApf¼19 oabmxm;tjrifwïwfEdkifiH\uyfa&m*gtwGufulnDrItay:
102 wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf; l ar;cGef;(53) udkApf¼19 a&m*gtwGuf wïwfEdkifiH\ ulnDrIESifh taxmuftyHhjzpfrI twdkif;twm/ jrefrmEdkifiH\ udkApf¼19 uyfa&m*g wdkufzsufa&;twGuf wïwfEdkifiH\ulnDrIonf twdkif;twmwcktxd taxmuftyHhjzpfonf[k ajzqdkol trsm;qHk;jzpfNyD; 76 &mcdkif EIef;&Sdonf/ taxmuftyHhrjzpf[kajzqdkol 13 &mcdkifEIef;&SdNyD;? tvGef taxmuftyHhjzpf onf[k ajzqdkol &Spf&mcdkifEIef;&Sdonf/ ar;cGef;(53)udk ar;jref;&mwGif udkApf¼19 uyfa&m*gtwGuf wïwfEdkifiH\ulnDrIu jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif; udkApfuyfa&m*g wdkufzsufa&;tay: rnfrQtwdkif;twmtxd taxmuftyHhjzpfapoenf;udk tqifhowfrSwfay;&ef ar;jref;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ tqifh]1}onf ]vkH;0 taxmuf tyHh rjzpfyg}jzpfNyD;? ]4}onf ]tvGef taxmuftyHh jzpfonf}[k ydkif;jcm;owfrSwfcJhygonf/ 76% 1% 13% 8% 2% vHk;0 taxmuftyHhrjzpfygtaxmuftyHhrjzpfygtvGeftaxmuftyHhjzpfonftwdkif;twmwcktxdtaxmuftyHhjzpfonfrodyg
103 udkApf¼19 uyfa&m*gtwGuf wïwfEdkifiH\ ulnDrItay: oabmxm;tjrif l ar;cGef;(54) udkApf¼19 umuG,faq; wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkifrsm;tay:tultnDay;jcif;tm;jzifhMoZmvTrf;rdk;rI jrifhaponf/ wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkifrsm; tajcpdkufonfh e,fpyfa'orsm;ü udkApf¼19 umuG,f aq;&&ef wïwfEdkifiHu umuG,faxmufyHhay;onfhtwGuf wïwfEdkifiH\ MoZm vTrf;rdk;rI ydkrdkjrifhwufaponfqdkaom ,lqcsufudk oabmwlonf[k ajzqdkol 54 &mcdkifEIef; &Sdonf/ oabmrwlyg[kajzqdkol 27 &mcdkifEIef;&SdNyD;? rodyg[kajzqdkol ckepf &mcdkifEIef; wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkifrsm; umuG,faq;
tajcpdkuf&m e,fpyfa'orsm;wGif w½kwfEdkifiHu udkApf¼19
&Sdygonf/ ar;cGef;(54)udk ar;jref;&mwGif
tultnDrsm;ay;jcif;onf wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkifrsm;tay:ü w½kwfEdkifiH\MoZmvTrf;rdk;rI ydkrdkjrifhwufvmaponf qdkonfh oabm xm;rSwfcsufrsm;tay: tqifhowfrSwfay;&ef ar;jref;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ tqifh]1}onf ]vkH;0 oabmrwlyg}jzpfNyD;? ]4}onf ]tjynfht0 oabmwlonf}[k2%ydkif;jcm;owfrSwfcJhygonf/27%54%4% 7% 6% vHk;0 oabmrwlygoabmrwlygtjynfht0oabmwlonfajzqdk&efjiif;qefoabmwlonfrodyg
104 wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf; 3% 43% 35% 9% 5% 5% l ar;cGef;(55) wïwfEdkifiH\ udkApf¼19 wdkufzsufa&;twGuf ulnDay;rIaMumifh ppfaumifpD\ w&m;0ifrI ydkrdktm;aumif;oGm;aponf/ udkApf¼19 wdkufzsufa&;twGuf wïwfEdkifiH\ulnDay;rIonf ppfaumifpD\ w&m; 0ifrIudk ydkrdktm;aumif;aponf[laom ,lqcsuftm; oabmrwl[kajzqdkol 43 &mcdkifEIef; &Sdygonf/ oabmwlygonf[k ajzqdkol 35 &mcdkifEIef;&SdNyD;? tjynfht0 oabmwlygonf[kajzqdkol udk;&mcdkifEIef;? vHk;0oabmrwlyg[k ajzqdkol oHk;&mcdkif EIef;? rodygESifh ajzqdk&efjiif;qefol ig;&mcdkifEIef;pD&SdaMumif; awGU&onf/ ar;cGef;(55)udk ar;jref;&mwGif wïwfEdkifiHonf EdkifiHawmf pDrHtkyfcsKyfa&;aumifpDudk udkApf¼19 umuG,faq;tygt0if a&m*gwdkufzsufa&; twGuf ulnDay;jcif;onf EdkifiHawmf pDrHtkyfcsKyfa&;aumifpD\ w&m;0ifrIudk ydkrdktm;aumif;oGm;apaMumif; ajymqdkaeMuonfhtay: rnfrQtwdkif;twmtxd oabmwloenf;udk tqifhowfrSwfay;&ef ar;jref;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ tqifh]1}onf ]vkH;0 oabmrwlyg}jzpfNyD;? ]4}onf ]tjynfht0 oabmwlonf}[k ydkif;jcm;owfrSwfcJhygonf/ vHk;0 oabmrwlygoabmrwlygtjynfht0oabmwlonfajzqdk&efjiif;qefoabmwlonfrodyg
wOD;rQr&SdcJhay/ udkApf¼19 uyfa&m*gtwGuf wïwfEdkifiH\ ulnDrItay: oabmxm;tjrif 30% 40% 26% 4%
105 l ar;cGef;(56)rS (60)txd wïwfEdkifiHESifh tjcm;EdkifiHrsm;rS xkwfvkyfaom udkApf¼19 umuG,faq;rsm;tay: ,HkMunfrI/ udkApf¼19 umuG,faq;rsm;tay: ,HkMunfrIudk wdkif;wm&mwGif wïwfEdkifiHxkwf umuG,faq;rsm;ESifh ½k&Sm;EdkifiHxkwf umuG,faq;rsm;tay:wGif ,HkMunfrI tenf;qHk; jzpfNyD;? tar&duef? t*FvefESifh tdE´d,EdkifiHrsm;rS xkwfvkyfaom umuG,faq;rsm;tay: ,HkMunfrI&mcdkifEIef; tjrifhqHk;jzpfonfudk awGU&ygonf/ tar&duefEdkifiHxkwf umuG,f aq;rsm;tay: ,HkMunfrIwGif 74 &mcdkifEIef;? t*FvefEdkifiHxkwf umuG,faq;rsm;tay: wGif 69 &mcdkifEIef;? tdE´d,EdkifiHxkwf umuG,faq;rsm;ay:wGif 62 &mcdkifEIef; ,HkMunf aMumif; ajzcJhMuonf/ wïwfEdkifiHxkwf umuG,faq;rsm;tay: ,HkMunfonf[k ajzMum;ol 26 &mcdkifEIef;&SdNyD;? ½k&Sm;EdkifiHxkwf umuG,faq;rsm;udk ,HkMunfaMumif; ajzqdkol 20 &mcdkifEIef; &Sdygonf/ ar;cGef;(56)rS (60)txd ar;jref;&mwGif EdkifiHwumü tokH;jyKaeMuaom udkApf¼19 a&m*gumuG,faq;rsm;ESifh ywfoufNyD; rnfrQ xda&mufonf? odkYr[kwf ,kHMunf&onfqdkí tjriftrsKd;rsKd;&SdMuonf/ EdkifiHtoD;oD;u xkwfvkyfaom udkApf¼19 umuG,faq;rsm;tay: rnfrQ,kHMunfoenf;qdkjcif;tm; zwfjyí tqifhowfrSwfay;&ef ar;jref;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ tqifh]1}onf ]vkH;0 r,kHMunfyg}jzpfNyD;? ]5} onf ]tvGef ,kHMunfonf}[k ydkif;jcm;owfrSwfcJhygonf/
Mum;aer,HkMunfygrodyg,HkMunfonf ar;cGef;(56) wïwfEdkifiHxkwf umuG,faq;rsm; rSwfcsuf ar;cGef;(56)ESifh (57)udk ajzqdkMu&mwGif ]ajzqdk&efjiif;qef}ol
106 wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf; 3% 15% 74% 7% 1% ar;cGef;(57) ï&Sm;EdkifiHxkwf umuG,faq;rsm; ar;cGef;(59) tdEd´,EdkifiHxkwf umuG,faq;rsm; ar;cGef;(58) t*FvefEdkifiHxkwf umuG,faq;rsm; ar;cGef;(60) tar&duefEdkifiHxkwf umuG,faq;rsm; r,HkMunfyg Mum;ae rodyg,HkMunfonf ajzqdk&efjiif;qef6% 28% 62% 3% 1% 3% 19% 69% 8% 1% 28% 37% 20% 15%
107 wïwfEdkifiHxkwf umuG,faq;rsm;ESifhywfoufNyD; r,HkMunfaMumif; ajzMum;olrsm;xJ wGif t&yfbuft¸tpnf;rsm;u trsm;qHk;jzpfNyD; 45 &mcdkifEIef;&Sdonf/ EdkifiHa&;ygwD rsm;\ 41 &mcdkifEIef;u ,HkMunfaMumif; trsm;qHk;ajzcJhygonf/ pD;yGm;a&;toif;? t¸ tpnf;rsm;u Mum;aecJhNyD; trsm;qHk; 45 &mcdkifEIef; &Sdygonf/ &v'frsm;udk EdIif;,SOfydkif;jcm;jcif; udkApf¼19 uyfa&m*gtwGuf wïwfEdkifiH\ ulnDrItay: oabmxm;tjrif n ar;cGef;(56) ]wïwfEdkifiHxkwf udkApf¼19 umuG,faq;rsm;tm; ,HkMunfrI}tay: todkuft0ef;av;ck\ oabmxm;,lqcsufrsm; n ar;cGef;(57) ]½k&Sm;EdkifiHxkwf udkApf¼19 umuG,faq;rsm;tm; ,HkMunfrI}tay: todkuft0ef;av;ck\ oabmxm;,lqcsufrsm;r,HkMunfygr,HkMunfyg
xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh EAOs xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh EAOst¸tpnf;rsm;t¸tpnf;rsm;t&yfbuft&yfbuf ygwDrsm;ygwDrsm;EdkifiHa&;EdkifiHa&; pD;yGm;a&;toif;pD;yGm;a&;toif;t¸tpnf;rsm;t¸tpnf;rsm;,HkMunfonf,HkMunfonfMum;aeMum;aerodygrodyg 15%4% 6%1% 24%2%ajzqdk&efjiif;qefajzqdk&efjiif;qef 0%0% 0%0% 0%0% 0%0% 0%0%pkpkaygif;pkpkaygif; 14%37% 40% 20%35%20%26% 21%14% 24%29%28%30% 18%18% 25%15% 30%19%12% 17%5% 40% 30%45% 41% 45% 42% 37% 43% 29%29% 38% 32%
108 wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf; n ar;cGef;(59) ]tdEd´,EdkifiHxkwf udkApf¼19 umuG,faq;rsm;tm; ,HkMunfrI}tay: todkuft0ef;av;ck\ oabmxm;,lqcsufrsm; n ar;cGef;(60) ]tar&duefEdkifiHxkwf udkApf¼19 umuG,faq;rsm;tm; ,HkMunfrI}tay: todkuft0ef;av;ck\ oabmxm;,lqcsufrsm;r,HkMunfygr,HkMunfyg xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh EAOs xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh EAOst¸tpnf;rsm;t¸tpnf;rsm;t&yfbuft&yfbuf ygwDrsm;ygwDrsm;EdkifiHa&;EdkifiHa&; pD;yGm;a&;toif;pD;yGm;a&;toif;t¸tpnf;rsm;t¸tpnf;rsm;,HkMunfonf,HkMunfonfMum;aeMum;aerodygrodyg 7%3% 3%1% 7%4%ajzqdk&efjiif;qefajzqdk&efjiif;qef 1%1% 2%1% 0%0% 0%0% 1%1%pkpkaygif;pkpkaygif; 18%29%3%6% 6%6% 3%0% 2%2%11%14%10%3%15%28% 15%31% 17%12% 13%23% 16%28% n ar;cGef;(58) ]t*FvefEdkifiHxkwf udkApf¼19 umuG,faq;rsm;tm; ,HkMunfrI}tay: todkuft0ef;av;ck\ oabmxm;,lqcsufrsm; r,HkMunfyg xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh EAOst¸tpnf;rsm;t&yfbuf ygwDrsm;EdkifiHa&; pD;yGm;a&;toif;t¸tpnf;rsm; ,HkMunfonfMum;aerodyg 8% 3% 5% ajzqdk&efjiif;qef 1% 2% 0% 0% 2% pkpkaygif; 23% 3% 6% 0% 2% 17% 5% 19% 19% 24% 14% 19% 69% 71% 47% 68% 72% 62% 57% 53% 73% 65% 74% 77% 59% 73% 74%
ar;jref;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ tqifh]1}onf ]vkH;0 raumif;yg}jzpfNyD;? ]4}onf ]tvGefaumif;ygonf}[kydkif;jcm;owfrSwfcJhygonf/5%19% 55% 13% 6% 2% vHk;0 raumif;ygraumif;ygtvGefaumif;ygonfajzqdk&efjiif;qeftwdkif;twmwcktxd aumif;ygonf rodyg udkApf¼19 uyfa&m*gtwGuf wïwfEdkifiH\ ulnDrItay: oabmxm;tjrif
109 l ar;cGef;(61) wïwfEdkifiH\ udkApf¼19 a&m*g umuG,fxdef;csKyfa&;rl0g'tay: tjrif/ wïwfEdkifiH\ wif;usyfaom udkApf¼19 uyfa&m*gxdef;csKyfa&; rl0g'tay:wGif aumif; rGefaMumif;,lqol (twdkif;twmwcktxd aumif;ygonfESifh tvGefaumif;ygonf tygt0if) 68 &mcdkifEIef;cefY &Sdonf/ raumif;yg[k,lqol 19 &mcdkifEIef;&SdNyD; rodyg [kajzqdkol ajcmuf&mcdkifEIef;ESifh vHk;0raumif;yg[kajzqdkol ig;&mcdkifEIef; &Sdygonf/ ar;cGef;(61)udk ar;jref;&mwGif wïwfEdkifiHtaejzifh udkApf¼19 uyfa&m*g umuG,fxdef;csKyfa&;udk aqmif&Guf&mwGif A[dkcsKyfudkifrIrsm;NyD; wif;usyfvGef;onfqdkaom tjrifoabmxm;rsm;&SdMuonf/ ,if;rl0g'onf oifhawmfaumif;rGefovm;? odkYr[kwf raumif;[k jrifovm; qdkjcif;udk tqifhowfrSwfay;&ef
tjrifrsm;taysmhqGJMoZmwnfaqmufrItay:wïwfEdkifiH\
112 wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf; l ar;cGef;(62) wïwfEdkifiH\ ¶NzdK;a&;qdkif&m tultnDrsm;ESifh tusKd;oufa&mufrI &Sd? r&Sd/ wïwfEdkifiHu jrefrmEdkifiHudkay;cJhonfh ¶NzdK;a&;qdkif&m tultnDrsm;xJwGif ar;cGef; ajzMum;cJhaom jrefrmhrl0g' todkuft0ef;ESifh vlrItodkuft0ef;twGuf tusKd;wpHk w&m oufa&mufrI &Sd? r&Sdqdkonfh ar;cGef;tm; ar;jref;cJh&m twdkif;twmwcktxd tusKd;&SdcJhaMumif; trsm;pkuajzqdkcJhNyD; 42 &mcdkifEIef;&Sdygonf/ tusKd;r&Sdyg[kajzqdkol 39 &mcdkifEIef;jzpfum vHk;0tusKd;r&Sd[k ajzqdkol 13 &mcdkifEIef; &Sdygonf/ ar;cGef;(62)udk ar;jref;&mwGif jrefrmEdkifiHtaejzifh wïwfEdkifiHtygt0if EdkifiHwumrS ¶NzdK;a&;qdkif&m
tultnDrsm; vufcH&&Sdavh&Sdonf/ wïwfEdkifiHu ay;tyfaom ¶NzdK;a&;qdkif&m tultnDrsm;onf ,ckar;cGef;ajzqdkolESifh vlrItodkuft0ef;twGuf tusKd;wpkHw&m ouf a&mufrI &Sd? r&Sdudk tqifhowfrSwfay;&ef ar;jref;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ tqifh]1}onf ]vHk;0 tusKd;r&Sdyg}jzpfNyD;? ]4}onf ]tvGeftusKd;&Sdygonf} [k ydkif;jcm;owfrSwfcJhygonf/13% 5% 1% 39% 42% vHk;0 tusKd;r&SdygtusKd;r&Sdygajzqdk&efjiif;qeftwdkif;twmwcktxd tusKd;&Sdygonf rodyg rSwfcsuf ar;cGef;(62)wGif ]tvGeftusKd;&Sdygonf} qdkaomtcsuf yg0ifaomfvnf; xdktcsufudk ajzqdkol wOD;rQr&SdcJhay/
113 wïwfEdkifiH\ taysmhqGJMoZmwnfaqmufrItay: tjrifrsm; ar;cGef;(62)udk ajzqdkMu&mü tusKd;&SdaMumif; ajzqdkolrsm;xJwGif pD;yGm;a&;toif;? t¸tpnf;rsm;rS trsm;qHk;jzpfNyD; 60 &mcdkifEIef;u (tvGeftusKd;&Sd tygt0if) twdkif; twmwcktxd tusKd;&SdaMumif; qdkcJhonf/ t&yfbuft¸tpnf;rsm;\ 67 &mcdkifEIef; ausmfurl (vHk;0 tusKd;r&Sdjcif; tygt0if) tusKd;r&Sd[k ajzcJhygonf/ n ar;cGef;(62) ]wïwfEdkifiH\ ¶NzdK;a&;qdkif&m tultnDrsm;ESifh tusKd;oufa&mufrI &Sd? r&Sd}tay: todkuft0ef;av;ck\ oabmxm;,lqcsufrsm; vHk;0 tusKd;r&Sdyg 23% 0% 8% xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh2% EAOst¸tpnf;rsm;t&yfbuf ygwDrsm;EdkifiHa&; pD;yGm;a&;toif;t¸tpnf;rsm; twdkif;twmwcktxdtusKd;r&SdygtusKd;&SdygonftvGeftusKd;&Sdygonf 0% 0% 0% 0% ajzqdk&efjiif;qefrodyg 1% 0% 18% 0% 0% 5% 3% 12% 10% 3% 2% pkpkaygif;13% 29% 23% 42%39% 30%42% 44% 41% 57% 53% &v'frsm;udk EdIif;,SOfydkif;jcm;jcif;
114 wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf; l ar;cGef;(63) wïwfEdkifiH\ pD;yGm;a&;¶NzdK;rIyHkpHu jrefrmEdkifiHtwGuf twk,lavhvmp&mjzpfonf/ wïwfEdkifiH\ pD;yGm;a&;¶NzdK;rIyHkpH (Development Model) u jrefrmEdkifiH pD;yGm;a&; ¶NzdK; wdk;wufrItwGuf twk,lavhvmp&m yHkpHwckjzpfaMumif; ajymqdkrIrsm;&Sdonf/ xdkajym qdkcsufrsm;udk oabmwljcif; &Sd? r&Sd ar;jref;cJh&m 47 &mcdkifEIef;u oabmrwlaMumif; wHkYjyefMuonf/ 45 &mcdkifEIef;url oabmwlaMumif; wHkYjyefygonf/ rodygESifh ajzqdk&ef jiif;qefol av;&mcdkifEIef;pD &Sdygonf/ ar;cGef;(63)udk ar;jref;&mwGif wïwfEdkifiH\ pD;yGm;a&;¶NzdK;rIyHkpH (Development Model) onf jrefrmEdkifiH pD;yGm;a&;¶NzdK;wdk;wufrItwGuf twk,lavhvmp&m ykHpHwckjzpfaMumif; ajymqdka&;om;Mujcif;tay: oabmwl? rwl tjrifudk ajymapcJhygonf/
45% 47% 4%4% oabmwlygonfajzqdk&efjiif;qefoabmrwlygrodyg
115 wïwfEdkifiH\ taysmhqGJMoZmwnfaqmufrItay: tjrifrsm; ar;cGef;(63)udk ajzqdk&mü oabmwlolESifh oabmrwlol &mcdkifEIef; rsm;pGmjcm;em; jcif; r&Sday/ odkYaomf t&yfbuft¸tpnf;rsm;\ 58 &mcdkifEIef;ausmfu oabmrwl aMumif; ajymcJhMuNyD;? pD;yGm;a&;toif;? t¸tpnf;rsm;\ 72 &mcdkifEIef;ausmfESifh EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;\ 71 &mcdkifEIef;eD;yg;u oabmwlaMumif; ajzcJhMuygonf/ n ar;cGef;(63) ]wïwfEdkifiH\ pD;yGm;a&;¶NzdK;rIyHkpHu jrefrmEdkifiHtwGuf twk,lavhvmp&mjzpfonf}udk todkuft0ef;av;ck\ oabmxm;,lqcsufrsm; oabmwlygonf 35% xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh37% EAOst¸tpnf;rsm;t&yfbuf ygwDrsm;EdkifiHa&; pD;yGm;a&;toif;t¸tpnf;rsm; oabmrwlyg 4% 3% 6% 7%ajzqdk&efjiif;qefrodyg 3% pkpkaygif;45% 23% 22% 4%4% 0% 3% 5% 47% 58% 71% 72% 51% &v'frsm;udk EdIif;,SOfydkif;jcm;jcif;
116 wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf; l ar;cGef;(64) wïwfenf;wïwf[ef 'Drdkua&pDudk jrefrmEdkifiHwGif twk,lusifhoHk;oifhonf/ wïwfenf;wïwf[ef 'Drdkua&pDpepfrsKd;udk jrefrmEdkifiHwGif usifhoHk;oifhonf[laom tcsufudk oabmrwlaMumif; ajzqdkol 87 &mcdkifEIef; &Sdonf/ xdkyrmPonfvnf; ,ckppfwrf;udk ajzqdkMuonfh tajzrsm;xJü &mcdkifEIef;trsm;qHk;&&Sdonfh tajzwckjzpf onf/ oabmwlaMumif;ajzqdkol &Spf&mcdkifEIef;&SdNyD;? ajzqdk&efjiif;qefol okH;&mcdkifEIef; ESifh rodyg[k ajzqdkol ESpf&mcdkifEIef; &Sdygonf/ ar;cGef;(64)udk ar;jref;&mwGif wïwfEdkifiHuajymaeonfh w½kwfenf;wïwf[ef 'Drdkua&pDpepfrsKd;onf jrefrmEdkifiHtwGufvnf; udkufnD ojzifh twk,lusifhoHk;oifhaMumif; ajymqdka&;om;aeMuonfhtay: oabmwl? rwl tjrifudkajymapcJhygonf/ 8% 87% 2% 3% oabmwlygonfajzqdk&efjiif;qefoabmrwlygrodyg
117 wïwfEdkifiH\ taysmhqGJMoZmwnfaqmufrItay: tjrifrsm; l ar;cGef;(65) wïwfEdkifiHu pDpOfay;aom c&D;pOfrsm;? oifwef;rsm; oGm;a&mufyg0ifzl;ovm;/ wïwftpdk;& odkYr[kwf pD;yGm;a&;ukrÜPDrsm; odkYr[kwf wuúodkvf? t¸tpnf;rsm;rS pDpOfay;aom wïwfEdkifiH avhvma&;c&D;pOfrsm;? oifwef;rsm;udk oGm;a&mufyg0ifzl; ovm;[k ar;jref;cJh&m wBudrfrQ oGm;a&mufzl;jcif;r&Sd[k ajzqdkol 66 &mcdkifEIef; &Sd onf/ ESpfBudrfESifh ig;BudrftMum; oGm;zl;ol 17 &mcdkifEIef;&SdNyD;? wBudrfoGm;zl;ol 14 &mcdkifEIef;&Sdonf/ ajcmufBudrfESifhtxufoGm;zl;ol oHk;&mcdkifEIef; &Sdonfudkvnf; awGU ar;cGef;(65)udk&ygonf/ar;jref;&mwGif wïwftpdk;&? odkYr[kwf pD;yGm;a&;ukrÜPDrsm;? odkYr[kwf wuúodkvfESifh t¸tpnf;rsm;u pDpOfaom w½kwf EdkifiH avhvma&;c&D;pOfrsm;? oifwef;rsm;odkY oGm;a&mufyg0ifzl;ovm;[lí ar;jref;cJhjcif; jzpfonf/ 66% 14% 17% 3% wBudrfrS ESpfBudrfESifhwBudrfajcmufBudrfESifhtxufroGm;a&mufzl;ygoGm;zl;onfig;BudrftMum;
118 wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf; ,ckppfwrf;udk ajzqdkMuaom jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;rS oHk;yHkwyHkcefYrSm wïwftpdk;&? ukrÜPDrsm;? wuúodkvfESifh t¸tpnf;rsm;u pDpOfaom c&D;pOfrsm;udk oGm;a&mufcJhonfh tawGUtBuHK&SdMuygonf/ tpktzGJUtvdkuf EdIif;,SOf&mwGif pD;yGm;a&;toif;? t¸tpnf; rsm;\ 57 &mcdkifEIef;ausmfonf wïwfEdkifiHu pDpOfay;aom c&D;pOfrsm;wGif yg0ifcJhMu onf/ oGm;a&mufoltrsm;pkrSmvnf; ESpfBudrfESifh ig;BudrftMum; oGm;cJhzl;onf[k ajzcJhMuonf/ xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkift¸rsm;\ 44 &mcdkifEIef; vnf; oGm;a&mufcJhzl;NyD; 'kwd,trsm;qHk;jzpfygonf/ ¤if;wdkYteuf ESpfBudrfESifh ig;Budrf tMum; oGm;cJholrsm;onf trsm;qHk;jzpfMuonf/ n ar;cGef;(65) ]wïwfEdkifiHu pDpOfay;aom c&D;pOfrsm;? oifwef;rsm; oGm;a&mufyg0ifzl;ovm;}udk todkuft0ef;av;ck\ oabmxm;,lqcsufrsm; roGm;a&mufzl;ygwBudrfrS xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh EAOst¸tpnf;rsm;t&yfbuf ygwDrsm;EdkifiHa&; pD;yGm;a&;toif;t¸tpnf;rsm; wBudrf oGm;zl;onf 0%3% 0%0% 0%0% 0%7%ajcmufBudrfESifhtxufrodygajzqdk&efjiif;qefESpfBudrfESifhig;BudrftMum; 0%5% pkpkaygif; 29% 17% 9%14% 0%5%17%0% 13% 12%0% 35%0% 28%0% 66% 82% 59% 43% 56% &v'frsm;udk EdIif;,SOfydkif;jcm;jcif;
wïwfenf;ynmoHk; ypönf;rsm;vHkNcHKa&;qdkif&mtufyvDau;&Sif;rsm;ESifhrdkbdkif;zkef;rsm;?tDvufxa&mepfoHk;pGJrItajctae
tcsKdUudk zwfjyNyD; wckxufru a&G;cs,fcGifhjyKum ar;jref;cJhjcif; jzpfonf/ 30% 48% 24% 8% 27% toHk;rjyKyg CCTVTikTok w,fvDzkef;rsm;wïwfukrÜPDxkwfvHkNcHKa&;pepf WeChat rSwfcsuf ar;cGef;(66)tm; ar;jref;&mwGif tajzudk wckxufydkí a&G;cs,fEdkifap&ef cGifhjyKcJhonf/ ,ckar;cGef;udk ajzqdkMu&mwGif ]rodyg} ESifh ]ajzqdk&efjiif;qef}ol wOD;rQr&SdcJhay/
120 wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf; l ar;cGef;(66) wïwfukrÜPDrsm;u xkwfvkyfonfh qufoG,fa&;? owif;tcsuftvuf enf;ynmESifh ypönf;rsm;udk toHk;jyKaeygovm;/ wïwfukrÜPDxkwfypönf;rsm; toHk;jyK&mwGif w,fvDzkef;rsm;tm;oHk;pGJonf[k trsm; pku ajzqdkcJhMuNyD; 48 &mcdkifEIef; &Sdygonf/ toHk;rjyKyg[kajzqdkol 30 &mcdkifEIef;&SdNyD;? CCTV vHkNcHKa&;pepfudk oHk;pGJol 27 &mcdkifEIef;? WeChat oHk;pGJol 24 &mcdkifEIef;ESifh TikTok oHk;pGJonf[l ajzqdkol &Spf&mcdkifEIef;&Sdonfudk awGU&ygonf/ ar;cGef;(66)udk ar;jref;&mwGif wïwfukrÜPDrsm;u xkwfvkyfaom qufoG,fa&;ESifh owif;tcsuftvuf? enf;ynmokH; ypönf;rsm;udk vuf&Sd toHk;jyKaeygovm; [lí
tqifhowfrSwfay;&ef ar;jref;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ tqifh]1}onf ]vHk;0 vHkNcHKpdwfcsrI r&Sdbl;}jzpfNyD; ]5}onf ]tjynfht0 vHkNcHKpdwfcs&ygonf}[k ydkif;jcm;owfrSwfcJhygonf/ vHkNcHKpdwfcsrI r&Sdyg Mum;ae vHkNcHKpdwfcs &ygonf rodyg ajzqdk&efjiif;qef ar;cGef;(67) wïwfukrÜPDxkwf w,fvDzkef;rsm; ar;cGef;(69) TikTok ar;cGef;(68) WeChat 63% 25% 5% 6% 1% 51% 15% 5% 27% 2% ar;cGef;(70) wïwfenf;ynmoHk; NrdKUjy¶NzdK;rI pDrHudef;rsm; 46% 9% 3% 39% 3% 48% 24% 13% 13% 2%
121 wïwfenf;ynmoHk; ypönf;rsm; oHk;pGJrItajctae l ar;cGef;(67)rS (70)txd wïwfukrÜPDxkwf enf;ynmypönf;rsm;ESifh yk*¾dKvfa&;qdkif&m owif;tcsuftvuf vHkNcHKrI/ ar;cGef;(67)rS (70)txdudk ar;jref;&mwGif wïwfukrÜPDrsm;u xkwfvkyfaom w,fvDzkef;tygt0if owif;tcsuftvufESifh qufoG,f a&;qdkif&m enf;ynmrsm;? ypönf;rsm;udk tokH;jyKjcif;onf yk*¾dKvfa&;qdkif&m owif;tcsuftvuf vkHNcHKrItay: oufa&mufrI&SdaMumif; ajymqdkjcif;rsm; &Sdygonf/ xdkajymqdkcsufrsm;tay: oabmxm;tjrifESifh vkHNcHKpdwfcs&rItm;
vHkNcHKpdwfcs&onf[k ajzqdkol ig;&mcdkifEIef; &Sdygonf/ TikTok udk vHkNcHKpdwfcs&rIr&Sd[k ajzqdkol 46 &mcdkifEIef;&SdNyD;? rod[kajzqdkol 39 &mcdkif EIef;? Mum;ae udk;&mcdkifEIef; &Sdygonf/ wïwfenf;ynmoHk; NrdKUjy¶NzdK;rIpDrHudef;rsm;? Oyrm¼ rD;yGdKifhxdef;csKyfa&;? vHkNcHKa&;pepfrsm;tay:wGif vHkNcHKpdwfcs&rIr&Sd[k ,lqol 48 &mcdkifEIef;&SdNyD;? Mum;ae 24 &mcdkifEIef;? vHkNcHKpdwfcs&ygonfESifh rodyg[k ajzqdkMuol 13 &mcdkifEIef;pD &Sdygonf/ n ar;cGef;(67) ]wïwfEdkifiHxkwf w,fvDzkef;rsm;udk toHk;jyKjcif;aMumifh yk*¾dKvfa&;qdkif&m owif;tcsuftvufvHkNcHKrI}tay: todkuft0ef;av;ck\ oabmxm;,lqcsufrsm; vHkNcHKpdwfcsrI r&Sdyg xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh EAOst¸tpnf;rsm;t&yfbuf ygwDrsm;EdkifiHa&; pD;yGm;a&;toif;t¸tpnf;rsm; vHkNcHKpdwfcs&ygonfMum;aerodyg 6% 2% 11% 9% ajzqdk&efjiif;qef 1% 1% 6% 0% 0% 12% pkpkaygif; 30% 2% 25% 23% 26% 6% 15%5% 2% 24% 63% 72% 53% 43% 63%
oHk;pGJ&mü
122 wïwf¼jrefrmqufqHa&;tay: jrefrmhrl0g'todkuft0ef;\ oabmxm;tjrifppfwrf; wïwfukrÜPDxkwf zkef;rsm;udk 48 &mcdkifEIef;cefYu oHk;pGJaeaomfvnf; 63 &mcdkifEIef;url vHkNcHKpdwfcs&rIr&Sd[k ajzqdkcJhMuonf/ wïwfzkef; oHk;pGJolrsm;wGif EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;u trsm;qHk;jzpfNyD; 70 &mcdkifEIef;ausmf &Sdygonf/ CCTV vHkNcHKa&;pepfudkrl pD;yGm;a&;toif;? t¸tpnf;rsm;u trsm;qHk;toHk;jyKaeNyD; 47 &mcdkifEIef;ausmf &Sdonf/ &v'frsm;udk wïwfukrÜPDrsm;uEdIif;,SOfydkif;jcm;jcif;xkwfvkyfonfhw,fvDzkef;rsm;udk trsm;qHk; oHk;pGJMuaomfvnf; vHkNcHKpdwfcs&rIr&Sd[k ajzqdkol 63 &mcdkifEIef;&Sdonf/ Mum;ae 25 &mcdkifEIef;ESifh rodyg[k ajzqdkol ajcmuf&mcdkifEIef;? vHkNcHKpdwfcs&aMumif; ajzqdkol ig;&mcdkifEIef;&Sdonf/ WeChat vHkNcHKpdwfcs&rIr&Sd[k ajzqdkol 51 &mcdkifEIef;&SdNyD;? rodyg[kajzqdkol 27 &mcdkif EIef;? Mum;ae 15 &mcdkifEIef;ESifh
123 wïwfenf;ynmoHk; ypönf;rsm; oHk;pGJrItajctae n ar;cGef;(69) ]wïwfEdkifiHrS TikTok tufyvDau;&Sif;udk toHk;jyKjcif;aMumifh yk*¾dKvfa&;qdkif&m owif;tcsuftvufvHkNcHKrI}tay: todkuft0ef;av;ck\ oabmxm;,lqcsufrsm; vHkNcHKpdwfcsrI r&Sdyg xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh EAOst¸tpnf;rsm;t&yfbuf ygwDrsm;EdkifiHa&; pD;yGm;a&;toif;t¸tpnf;rsm; vHkNcHKpdwfcs&ygonfMum;aerodyg 39% 38% 33% ajzqdk&efjiif;qef 3% 1% 12% 4% 2% pkpkaygif; 13% 2% 9% 4% 16% 0% 5%3% 4% 6% 46% 53% 35% 30% 47% n ar;cGef;(70) ]wïwfEdkifiHrS wïwfenf;ynmoHk; NrdKUjy¶NzdK;rI pDrHudef;rsm;aMumifh yk*¾dKvfa&;qdkif&m owif;tcsuftvufvHkNcHKrI}tay: todkuft0ef;av;ck\ oabmxm;,lqcsufrsm; vHkNcHKpdwfcsrI r&Sdyg xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh EAOst¸tpnf;rsm;t&yfbuf ygwDrsm;EdkifiHa&; pD;yGm;a&;toif;t¸tpnf;rsm; vHkNcHKpdwfcs&ygonfMum;aerodyg 13% 10% 18% 13% ajzqdk&efjiif;qef 2% 1% 5% 4% 0% 20% pkpkaygif; 12% 24% 18% 28% 18% 25%13% 8% 48% 63% 24% 23% 47% n ar;cGef;(68) ]wïwfEdkifiHrS WeChat tufyvDau;&Sif;udk toHk;jyKjcif;aMumifh yk*¾dKvfa&;qdkif&m owif;tcsuftvufvHkNcHKrI}tay: todkuft0ef;av;ck\ oabmxm;,lqcsufrsm; vHkNcHKpdwfcsrI r&Sdyg xif&Sm;olrsm;ESifh EAOst¸tpnf;rsm;t&yfbuf ygwDrsm;EdkifiHa&; pD;yGm;a&;toif;t¸tpnf;rsm; vHkNcHKpdwfcs&ygonfMum;aerodyg 27% 26% 23% ajzqdk&efjiif;qef 2% 2% 12% 0% 0% 29% pkpkaygif; 20% 2% 15% 12% 21% 0% 13%5% 4% 6% 51% 56% 41% 38% 54% 47%41% 48% 35% 28%
