မြန်မာ ၂၀၅၀ အနာဂတ်အတွက် အဆင်သင့်ဖြစ်ပြီလား

jrefrmhr[mAsL[mESifh rl0g'avhvma&; tifpwDusKrS xkwfa0onf/

azazmf0g&D ? 2020/

ISP-Myanmar taMumif; jrefrmh r[mAsL[mESihf rl0g'avhvma&;tifpwDusK (ISP-Myanmar) onf vGwv f yfNyD; ygwpD u JG if;onfh tpd;k &r[kwaf om okawoetzGUJ jzpfygonf/ ISP-Myanmar \ ajrmfjrif csurf mS jrefrmEdik if u H fkd ½ke;f xBuchH ikd rf t I m;aumif;Ny;D onf;cHpw d Bf u;D rm;aom vªtzGt UJ pnf; w&yftjzpf ay:xeG ;f vmapa&;jzpfonf/ xdt Yk wl tpd;k &onfvnf; wm0ef,rl ?I wm0efcrH I &Sdonfhtjyif jynfoltm;vkH;yg0ifrIudk vrf;zGifhay;aom tpdk;&w&yf jzpfay:a&;udk OD;wnfygonf/ ISP-Myanmar \ OD;wnfcsufrm S 'Dru kd a&pDusaom acgif;aqmifru I kd jr§iw hf iftm;ay;

&efESifh EdkifiHhta&;wGif EdkifiHom;rsm; yg0ifaqmif&GufrI tm;aumif;ap&ef jzpfonf/ ISP-Myanmar taejzifh tpDtpOfokH;&yfudkaqmif&GufaeNyD; ,if;wdkYrSm ¼ (1) (2) (3)

rl0g'OD;wnfonfh okawoevkyfief;rsm;? okawoe t&nftaoG;jr§ifhwifa&;oifwef;rsm;ydkYcsjcif;ESifh acgif;aqmiftqifh aqG;aEG;xdpyfjcif;rsm;? rD'D,mMum;cHaygif;pkHjzifh qufqHqufoG,fa&;ESifh jyifyqufqHa&;vkyfief;rsm; jzpfMuonf/

ISP-Myanmar onf r[mAsL[mESihf rl0g'avhvma&;*sme,f (The Myanmar Quarterly) udk xkwaf 0aeNyD; a&;olzwfol aqG;aEG;yGyJ pHk jH zpfaom Myanmar Quarterly Symposium ESihf a&&Sno f abmaqmifonfh taMumif;t&mrsm;? tv,ftvwfumv oabmaqmif onfh taMumif;jcif;&mrsm;udk qef;ppfaqG;aEG;aeonfh a,mrif;BuD;Z&yf pum;0dkif; aqG;aEG;yGJrsm;udkvnf; jyKvkyfvsuf&Sdygonf/

qufoG,f&ef trSwf B-1? atmifcsrf;omvrf;oG,f 1? atmifajrompnftdrf&m? urm&GwfNrdKUe,f? &efukef/ zkef; ¼ 09 960 839 801 Info@ISPMyanmar.com www.facebook.com/ISPMyanmarpage www.ISPMyanmarpeacedesk.com

www.ISPMyanmar.com

www.ISPMyanmarchinadesk.com

ykHESdyfrSwfwrf; jrefrm 2050 tem*wftwGuf tqifoifhjzpfNyDvm; azazmf0g&D? 2020/ ISBN 978-99971-0-849-4

tkyfa& yxrtBudrf ? 2000 wefzdk; 3000 usyf t,f'Dwm aexGef;Edkif pmjyift,f'Dwm ausmfrsKd;xG#f pmrsufESmzGJUpnf;rI xGef;OD; ? ausmfrsKd;odef; "mwfykH aZmfrif;Edkif ('DyJ,if;) xkwfa0ol OD;pdef0if; (00744)? ESpfumvrsm;pmay ykHESdyfol OD;at;0if; at;uÇmykHESdyfwdkuf (00290) trSwf 46 ? 46 vrf;?

AdkvfwaxmifNrdKUe,f? &efukefNrdKU/ pmtkyfcsKyf a&TorD;

t,f'DwmrSwfpk a,mrif;BuD;Z&yf pum;0dkif; aqG;aEG;yGJ (Talk Show) tpDtpOfonf ISP-Myanmar \ vkyfief;pDrHcsufwck jzpfygonf/ tjcm;aqG;aEG;yGJ? zdk&rfrsm;ESihf ykHo²mefrwlay/ taMumif;t&mw&yftay: aqG;aEG;&mü e,fy,fp?Hk u@pkH yg0ifapjcif;tm;jzihf tawG; tac: 0wfrIefuljcif; jzpfEdkifatmif ISP-Myanmar u tm;xkwfcJhygonf/ 2018 ckepf Zlvikd f 8 &ufwiG f pwifjyKvkycf o hJ nhf a,mrif;BuD;Z&yf pum;0dik ;f aqG;aEG;yGJ \ yxr&moD (Season 1 ) rSm 2019 ckESpf atmufwdkbm 19 &ufwGif NyD;qkH;cJhonf/ taMumif;t&mpkHaom pum;0dkif;aqG;aEG;yGJ &Spfck jyKvkyfEdkifcJhygonf/ a,mrif;BuD;Z&yf pum;0dkif;aqG;aEG;yGJ 'kwd,&moD rpwifrD yxr&moDü aqG;aEG;cJh aom taMumif;t&mrsm;udk jyefvnfazmfjyEdkif&ef ,ckpmtkyfudk pDpOfxkwfa0jcif; jzpfygonf/ pmrsufEmS taetxm;t& aqG;aEG;yG&J pS cf pk vk;H \ aqG;aEG;csuftjynht f pkH udk azmfjyEdik jf cif;r&Scd yhJ g/ odaYk omf a,mrif;BuD;Z&yf pum;0dik ;f aqG;aEG;yGrJ sm; ay:ayguf ap&ef aphaqmftm;jzpfapcJah om ]Edik if t hH em*wfopfukd ykaH zmfEikd af &;}tm; NcHKikEH ikd rf nhf pum;0dkif;ESpfckrS aqG;aEG;csuftjynhftpkHudk azmfjyxm;ygonf/ ,ckpmtkyt f wGif tydik ;f av;ydik ;f udk zwf½&I rnfjzpfonf/ yxrydik ;f wGif a,mrif;Bu;D Z&yf pum;0dkif;aqG;aEG;yGJ yxr&moDtwGuf yGJOD;xGufjyKvkyfcJhaom ]tem*wf jrefrmEdkifiH 2050} pum;0dik ;f aqG;aEG;csuf tjynht f pku H kd zwf&ygrnf/ 'kw, d ydik ;f wGif jyKvkycf NhJ yD;jzpf aom a,mrif;BuD;Z&yf pum;0dkif;rsm;teuf trSwfpOf 2 rS 7 txd aqG;aEG;cJhaom taMumif;t&m tusOf;csKyf? t,ltqrSwpf rk sm;udk azmfjyxm;ygonf/ wwd,ydik ;f wGif a,mrif;Bu;D Z&yf pum;0dik ;f aqG;aEG;yGJ yxr&moDtwGuf &moDyw d t f aejzihf jyKvyk cf ahJ om ]tem*wftwGuf jrefrm tqifoihjf zpfNyDvm;} pum;0dik ;f rS aqG;aEG;csuf tjynht f pku H kd zwf½I&rnf jzpfygonf/ aemufqkH;tydkif;wGifrl uG,fvGefoGm;cJhNyDjzpfaom rdk;av0o ynm&Sif a'guw f mxGe;f vGif (a,mrif;Bu;D Z&yf pum;0dik ;f pifjrihx f ufü) ajymMum;cJo h nfh aqG;aEG;csuftjynhftpkHtm; trSwfw&taejzihf pkpnf;azmfjyxm;ygonf/

a,mrif;BuD;Z&yf[lonf a,mrif;BuD;Z&yf pum;0dik ;f aqG;aEG;yGo J nf jrefrmh r[mAsL[mESihf rl0g'avhvma&;tifpwDusK (ISP-Myanmar) \ tpDtpOfwck jzpfygonf/ a,mrif;BuD;Z&yf pum;0dkif;aqG;aEG;yGJ (Talk Show) onf tjcm;aomaqG;aEG;yGJ zdk&rfrsm;ESifh rwljcm;em;csufrmS vwfwavmBuHKawGaU e&onfh Edik if aH &;? vlraI &;? pD;yGm;a&; jyóemrsm;udk aqG;aEG;rnfr[kwb f J a&&Sno f abmaqmifonfh taMumif;t&mrsm;? tv,ftvwfumv oabmaqmifonfh taMumif;jcif;&mrsm;udk qef;ppfaqG;aEG;Muygonf/ ,if;tpDtpOfwGif oufqdkif&mu@toD;oD;rS ynm&Sifrsm;? vufawGU tm;xkkwfaqmif&Guf aeMuolrsm;udk zdwfMum;í? jrefrmhvªabmif\ ,Ofaus;rI? "avhxHk;wrf;? wefzdk;xm;rIrsm;ESifh jyóemrsm;udk qef;ppfo;kH oyfMuygonf/ xdt Yk wl tem*wfopfukd yHak zmfEikd af &; a0zef ajymqdk Muonf/ a&Sw U ½l El ikd rf nfh ajrmfjrifcsufvm;&mrsm;udv k nf; aqG;aEG;Muonf/ aqG;aEG;rIrsm;onf Edik if aH wmfwnfaqmufa&;? jynfaxmifp0k ad ooESihf pdw"f mwfwnfaqmufa&;? vlrt I zGt UJ pnf; tm;aumif;cdkifrma&;wdkYtwGuf wwyfwtm;jzpfap&ef &nf&G,fygonf/ a,mrif;BuD;Z&yf[k tb,fhaMumifh trnfay;&ygoenf;/ a,mrif;BuD;OD;bd;k vdiI f (1830¼1883)onf uke;f abmifacwfwiG f xif&mS ;cJah om ynmausmf trwfwOD; jzpfygonf/ ÚmPfynmxufjrufonft h jyif bk&ifuv kd nf; [kww f ikd ;f rSe&f m t&Su d kd t&St d wdik ;f wifavSsmufonft h wGuf tBudrBf udrf rif;rsufoifch &H ol ynm&Sv d nf; jzpfygonf/ &wemykaH cwf jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;umvudk OD;aqmifcahJ om rSL;rwfwOD;jzpfNyD; ]&mZ"r® o*F[ usrf;} uJhodkYaom tapmydkif; jrefrmhtkyfcsKyfa&;ynm usrf;rsKd;udkvnf; jyKpkcJholjzpfygonf/ ,cktpDtpOfü a,mrif;BuD;[k *kPfjyK&jcif;rSm OD;bdk;vIdifonf (1) tmPm&Sdoludk [kwfwdkif;rSef&m raxmufrn§majymqdk&Jaom owåd&Sdol (2) udk,fusifhodu©m? ÚmPf&nfxufjrufol (3) acwfjyifftjrif pl;&SrI&Sdol jzpfaomaMumifh jzpfygonf/ ]Z&yf}[lonf vltrsm;wdYk vufzuf&nfMurf;0dik ;f xdik f 'l;wdu k af qG;aEG;&m ae&m? ta&;taMumif; &Syd gu pka0;wdik yf ifE;DS aESmMu&m ae&mjzpfNy;D trsm;jynfol yg0ifEikd rf u I v kd nf; azmfòef;aomaMumifh jzpfygonf/

a,mrif;BuD;Z&yf yxrqkH;aqG;aEG;yGJ pum;0dkif;

tem*wfjrefrmEdkifiH 2050 Scenario building

EdkifiHhtem*wfudk BudKwifrSef;qjcif; jzpf&yfcefYrSef;wGufqjcif; (scenario thinking) udk tpdk;&ESifh yk*¾vduu@ ae&mXme tzGJUtpnf;rsm;pGmwGif toHk;jyKaeNyD; tem*wfudkcefYrSef;wGufqí r[mAsL[mrsm; a&;qGJcsrSwfEdkifap&ef jzpfygonf/ awmiftmz&duEdkifiHü EdkifiHa&;tajymif;tvJrsm; aqmif&GufMu&mwGif 1991¼92 ckESpf umvü u@aygif;pHkrS ta&;ygaom acgif;aqmifrsm;u at;aq;qdwfNidrfonfh ae&mwckwGif Mont Fleur scenario exercise (rGefYzavm tem*wf BudKwifrSef;qrI avhusifhcef;) wckudk aqmif&GufcJhMuonf/ ]aemif 10 ESpftMum 2002 ckESpfwGif awmiftmz&duEdkifiH rnfodkY&Sdaernfenf;}[k ar;cGef;xkwf ajzqdkcJhMujcif;jzpfonf/ Mont Fleur aqG;aEG;yGJrsm;\ &nf&G,fcsufrSm trkef;w&m;ESifh emusnf;cHpm;csufrsm; udk zGifhqdkwifjyMu&efr[kwfbJ vmrnfh 10 ESpf tem*wfudk yHkoGif;Edkifrnfh tacstwif aqG;aEG;tajz&SmrI (debate) rsm; jzpfay:vmap&ef &nf&G,fjcif;jzpfygonf/ awmif tmz&duEdkifiHrS EdkifiHa&;orm;rsm;? pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;&Sifrsm;? wuf<uvIyf&Sm;olrsm;? ynm&Sifrsm; tygt0if vlyk*¾dKvf 22 OD;u tcsdef,l aqG;aEG;cJhMuonf/ ,ck a,mrif;BuD;Z&yf pum;0dkif;aqG;aEG;yGJ tpDtpOfwGifvnf; ]tem*wfjrefrmEdkifiH 2050} (Myanmar 2050) twGuf jzpfEdkifajcvm;&m ar;cGef;rsm;udk u@toD;oD;rS tawGUtBuHK&Sd vkyfief;&Sifrsm;? ynm&Sifrsm;u ajzqdkMurnfjzpfonf/ n

tem*wfjrefrmEdkifiH 2050 myanmar 2050

y x r ydk if ; a qG ; a EG ; cs uf rs m ;

'DauGUa&muf&if 'DwufeJYavSmfvdkuf? [dkauGUa&muf&if [dkwufeJYavSmfvdkuf ponfjzifh taetxm;rsKd;uae ausmfvGefNyD; Munfhcsifygw,f/ rD;pifMunfhu&if; vkyfae&wJh taetxm;uae ausmfvGefNyD; Munfhcsifwmyg/ ydkaumif;wJh tdyfrufawGudk rufcsifygw,f/ n

OD;atmifolNidrf;

OD;atmifolNidrf; MODERATOR

tm;vHk;yJ r*FvmygcifAs/ yxrOD;qHk; ajymjycsifwJhtcsufawG &Sdygw,f/ tem*wf jrefrmEdkifiH ouú&mZf 2050 rSm usaemfwdkY b,fvdkjrifcsifwmvJ/ 'geJY ywfoufvdkY 'DaeY aqG;aEG;MurSm jzpfygw,f/ usaemfwdkYu bmjzpfvdkY 'Davmufa0;uGmwJh umvudk pOf;pm;MuygovJ/ pOf;pm;wJhtcg Expediency vdkYac:wJh edpö"l0 'DauGUa&muf&if 'DwufeJY avSmfvdkuf? t,f'DwmrSwfcsuf OD;atmifoNl idr;f onf ISP-Myanmar \ jyify qufqq H ufo, G af &;Xme 'g½du k w f mjzpfNyD; a,mrif;BuD;Z&yf pum;0dkif;aqG;aEG;yGJrsm;wGif Moderator tjzpf yifwdkifaqmif&Gufaeol jzpfygonf/ ¤if;onf tar&duef jynfaxmifpk [m;AwfwuúodkvfrS jynfoªtkyfcsKyfa&;ynm r[mbGJU &&Sdxm;ol jzpfonf/

15

jrefrm 2050

[dkauGUa&muf&if [dkwufeJY avSmfvdkuf ponfjzifh taetxm;rsKd;uae ausmf vGeNf y;D Munfch siyf gw,f/ rD;pifMunfu h &if; vkyaf e&wJh taetxm;uae ausmv f eG Nf y;D Munfhcsifwmyg/ ydkaumif;wJh tdyfrufawGudk rufcsifygw,f/ 'Dtaetxm;rSmyJ y&dowfawGtygt0if jrefrmjynfolawGudk vIyfEdI;vdkufcsifwJh qE´&Sdygw,f/ 'gaMumifh ]jrefrmhtem*wf 2050} qdkwJh aqG;aEG;yGJ jzpfvmcJhwmyg/ 'DvdkrsKd; tem*wfudkBudKwifrSef;qwJh (Scenario) aqG;aEG;yGJ jzpfvmcJhovJ qdk&if awmiftmz&duEdkifiH&JU tajymif;tvJumvawGudk avhvmwJhtcg awGU& ygw,f/ txl;ojzifh awmiftmz&duEdkifiHudk ajymif;vJr,fqdkwJhtcg 1991¼92 umvavmufrSm awmiftmz&duEdkifiHu wuf<uvIyf&Sm;olawG? EdkifiHa&;orm; awG? pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;&SifawGu awmiftmz&duEdkifiH&JU Mont Fleur vdkYac:wJh? at;csrf;om,mwJh NrdKUav;wNrdKUrSm qHkMuw,f/ qHkMuNyD;wJhtcg awmiftmz&du EdkifiH&JU jyóemawGudk pOf;pm;Muygw,f/ pOf;pm;NyD;wJYtcg aemufq,fESpfrSm awmiftmz&duEdkifiHudk b,fvdkjrifcsifovJ qdkwJhudpöudk olwdkY aqG;aEG;cJhMuyg w,f/ 'gudk Mont Fleur scenario exercise vdYk ac:ygw,f/ tJ'u D mvrSmwke;f u Adam Kahane vdkYac:wJh ynm&Sifuvnf; 'Dudpöudk yl;aygif;ulnDay;cJhygw,f/ awmif tmz&duEdkifiHrSm aqG;aEG;cJYwJh yk*¾dKvf 22 OD;&Sdygw,f/ txl;ojzifh Adam Kahane1 vdkYac:wJh ynm&Sif&JU pOf;pm;csufrSm oHk;ydkif;avmuf yg0ifygw,f/ yxrwcsufu Scenario Thinking vdkYajymwJhtcgrSm vuf&Sdtajctaeudk pOf;pm;Muygw,f/ vuf&Sdtajctaeudk usaemfwdkY vufcHEdkif&JUvm;/ aemufwck u 'Dvt kd ajctaetwdik ;f oGm;r,fq&kd if wnfNidrrf u I jzpfyghrvm;/ Sustainability vdkYac:wJh a&&SnfwnfwHhcdkifjrJrIu jzpfyghrvm;vdkY pOf;pm;Muygw,f/ tJ'Dvdk rjzpf Edkifbl;qdk&if bmvkyfMurvJqdkawmh tJ'DtcsdefrSm wkefvIyfwmawG jzpfvmr,f? aoG;ysufwmawG jzpfvmEdkifw,f/ 'Dvdk taetxm;rsKd;rSm xGufajy;wmvnf; 1/

Adam Kahane. (2012). “Transformative Scenario Planning: Working Together to Change the Future”.

Berrett-Koehler Publishers.

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Myanmar 2050

jzpfEdkifw,f/ xGufrajy;bl; &ifqdkifMur,f qdkvnf; tckvdk pOf;pm;wmrsKd; jzpfvmEdkif ygw,f/ tJ'Dvdktaetxm;rSm oª&JU 'kwd, tqifh pOf;pm;csufu ]usaemfwYkd wpHw k &m udk ajymif;csifNyD}qdkygpdkY/ ajymif;csifwJhtcg rSm wa,mufwnf; ajymif;vdkY r&ygbl;/ usaemfw&Ykd UJ vlraI &;? pD;yGm;a&; todu k t f jrHK uGe&f ufBuD;udk qufxm;wJh taetxm;rSm ½IyfaxG;ayGvDrIawG trsm;BuD; &Sdygw,f/ Actors vdkYac:wJh? yg0ifvIyf&Sm;aewJholawG &Srd ,f/ wa,mufew YJ a,muf tjyeftvSef rSDcdkae&wJh udpöawG &Sdr,f/ aemufwcku Unpredictability vda Yk c:wJ?h BudKwif rSe;f qvdYk Adam Kahane \ emrnfausmfpmtkyf r&EdkifwJhudpöawG &Sdw,f/ tJ'Dtaetxm;rSm wa,mufwnf;eJY ajymif;vJzdkY rjzpfEdkifawmhygbl;/ wwd,tqifh yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrI awG vdkvmygw,f/ yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrI qdkwJhae&mrSm usaemfwdkY tcsif;csif;tMum;rSma&m? EdkifiHwumtqifh rSmyg a'oÅ&tqifh? a'otqifh ponfjzifh yl;aygif; aqmif&GufrIawG vdkvmygw,f/ txl;ojzifh Scenario thinking vdkYac:wJY tem*wfudk BudKwifrSef;qNyD; bmvkyf csifovJqdkwJh AsL[mcsrSwfrIu pOf;pm;csufjzpfygw,f/ 'Dtaetxm;rSmyJ tem*wf tajctaeawGukd b,f vdk jrifcsio f vJqw kd [ hJ m pOf;pm;vmrdygw,f/ 2050 qdw k m 17

jrefrm 2050

ra0;vGe;f bl;vm;aygh/ aemufvmr,fh ESpf 30 ausmfumvrSm aemufrsdK;qufawG twGuf pOf;pm;ygw,f/ aemufrsKd;qufawG tajctae b,fv&kd rdS vJ/ usaemfwYkd 'DrSm jyxm;ygw,f/ (ykH¼1 udk Munfhyg)

(ykH¼1) obm0 uyfab;tÅ&m,f usa&mufEdkifrIqdkif&m tòef;udef; Inform 2019 risk index jzpfygonf/ pum;0dkif;aqG;aEG;yGJ jyKvkyfcsdefu 2018 ckESpf tajctaeudk xkwfEkwfjycJhNyD; xdktcsdefu jrefrmEdkifiH\ taetxm;rSm 6 'or 4 jzpfygonf/ ,ck 6 'or 6 jzpfaomaMumifh ydkrdkpdk;&drf&aom tajctae jzpfygonf/

'Dtaetxm;rSm jrefrmEdkifiH&JU tajctaeudk MunfhwJhtcg obm0uyfab; tÅ&m,fawGu awmfawmfjrifrh m;aewJh taetxm;udk awG&U ygw,f/ 'gudk &ifqikd f EdkifwJh taetxm; usaemfwdkYrSm &SdNyDvm;/ Coping Capacity vdkY ac:ygw,f/ 'Dtae txm;rSmvnf; tm;enf;csufawG &Sdaeygw,f/ tÅ&m,fu jrifhygw,f/ 'gjzifh aemufrsdK;qufawG&JU usef;rma&;tajctaeudk usaemfwdkY Munfh&atmifyg/ tJ'Dawmh Stanford wuúodkvfrSm Presentation vkyfxm;wJh tcsuftvuf wcsKdUudk jycsifygw,f/ txl;ojzifh umuG,fukoEdkifwJh ul;pufa&m*gawGeJY ywf oufwhJ tcsufawGyg/ (yk¼H 2 udk Munfyh g) 'DrmS Munfv h u kd &f if TB wd?Yk HIV wdYk ponf 18

Myanmar 2050

(ykH¼2) jrefrmEdkifiHESifh a'owGif;EdkifiHrsm;tMum; HIV, TB ESifh iSufzsm;a&m*g jzpfyGm;rItajctae EIdif;,SOfcsuf2

(ykH¼3) jrefrmEdkifiHü ul;pufa&m*gr[kwfaom a&m*gjzpfyGm;rI tajctae3 2

Zaw. Phyu Phyu Thin. 2015. “Health System Transformation in Myanmar: Are the Current Changes Promisiong. Presentation. Stanford University. Retrived online at http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs22/ Stanford-2015-05-Health_System_Transformation-Myanmar.spdf.pdf

3

ibid.

19

jrefrm 2050

jzifh umuG,Ef ikd w f ahJ &m*gjzpfymG ;rIrmS a'owGi;f Edik if aH wGMum;xJ usaemfwEYkd ikd if rH mS tjrifrh m;qH;k jzpfaewJh taetxm; awG&U ygw,f/ aemuf ul;pufa&m*g r[kww f hJ a&m*gawGaygh/ (ykH¼3 udk Munfhyg) MunfhvdkufvdkY&Sd&if aoG;csKda&m*g? qD;csKda&m*g? aoG;wd;k a&m*g? aq;vdyef YJ aq;&GuBf uD;aMumifjh zpfwhJ jyóemawG? 'gawGuvnf; awmfawmfrsm;rsm;jzpfaewJh taetxm;rSm awGU&w,f/ usaemfwdkY tem*wfrsKd;quf vli,fawG&JU ynma&;udk Munfh&atmifyg/ usaemfwdkYEdkifiHrSm vli,f&mcdkifEIef;u 26 &mcdkifEIef;&Sdw,fvdkY ajymygw,f/ tJ'D 26 &mcdkifEIef;rSm twef;ynm roifzl;wJhvli,fawGu 5 'or 5 &mcdkifEIef; &Sdae ygw,f/ tv,fwef; ratmifwJholawGu 52 &mcdkifEIef;&Sdaeygw,f? aygif;vdkuf r,fqdk&if 60 &mcdkifEIef;eD;yg;avmufu ynmrwwfbJ? ynmrjynfhpHkbJeJY tem

rsKd;qufopfynma&; tajctae 26 &mcdkifEIef;

12 'or 2 oef; 2015 ckESpf pm&if;rsm;t& jrefrmEdkifiH\ vli,fOD;a& jzpfygonf/

vli,fOD;a& 26 &mcdkifEIef;teuf twef;ynmrwwfol &mcdkifEIef;

EdkifiHhvlOD;a&pkpkaygif;teuf vli,fOD;a& &mcdkifEIef;

5 'or 5 &mcdkifEIef;

52 &mcdkifEIef;

13 'or 3 ESpf &if;jrpf ¼ 2015 ckESpf jrefrmEdkifiH ausmif;tNyD; vkyfief;cGif0ifa&mufrI tul;tajymif; qef;ppfjcif; tpD&ifcHpm (tvkyform;? vl0ifrIBuD;Muyfa&;ESifh jynfoªtiftm; 0efBuD;Xme)

ausmif;xGuf&onfh yQrf;rQtouf

(ykH¼4) jrefrmEdkifiH\ rsKd;qufopf ynma&;tajctaejy udef;*Pef;rsm; jzpfygonf/

20

vli,fOD;a& 26 &mcdkifEIef;teuf tv,fwef;NyD;qkH;jcif;r&Sdol &mcdkifEIef;

Myanmar 2050

tvkyfvkyfaeaomuav;ESifh uav;vkyfom; tajctae 6 'or 5 &mcdkifEIef; jrefrmEdkifiHwGif ausmif; vkH;0wufa&mufzl;jcif;r&Sdonfh uav;i,frsm;rSm uav;OD;a&pkpkaygif; 12 'or 14 oef;\ 6 'or 5 &mcdkifEIef; &Sdonf/

10 'or 5 &mcdkifEIef; rdbudk wzufwvrf;rSulnD&if; tvkyfvkyfae&aom uav;ta&twGufonf uav;OD;a&pkpkaygif; 12 'or 14 oef;\ 10 'or 5 &mcdkifEIef; &Sdaeonf/

1 'or 27 oef;

1 'or 10 oef;

tvkyfvkyfae&aom uav;rsm;

tÅ&m,f&Sdaom vkyfief;cGiftygt0if vkyfief;cGifrsm;ü &Sdaeaom uav;vkyfom;rsm;

9 &mcdkifEIef; tÅ&m,f&Sdaom vkyfief;cGiftygt0if vkyfief;cGifrsm;ü &Sdaeaom uav;vkyfom;ta&twGufonf uav;OD;a&pkpkaygif; 12 'or 14 oef;\ 9 &mcdkifEIef; &Sdaeonf/

&if;jrpf ¼ 2015 ckESpf jrefrmEdkifiH uav;vkyfom;ppfwrf; tpD&ifcHpm (tvkyform;? vl0ifrIBuD;Muyfa&;ESifh jynfoªtiftm; 0efBuD;Xme)

(ykH¼5) jrefrmEdkifiHwGif tvkyfvkyfaeaomuav;ESifh uav;vkyfom;tajctaejy udef;*Pef;rsm;jzpfygonf/

*wfudk b,fvdkjzwfoef;MurvJ ar;p&m &Sdvmygw,f/ (ykH¼4 udk Munfhyg) 'Dtaetxm;rSm uav;vkyfom;eJY tvkyfvkyfae &wJh uav;awGudpöudk pOf;pm;zdkY vdkvmygw,f/ usaemf wdkYEdkifiHrSm vHk;0 ausmif;rwufEdkifwJh uav; 6 'or 5 &mcdik Ef eI ;f &Syd gw,f/ rdbudk wzufwvrf;u tvkyv f yk Nf yD; ulnDae&wJh uav;awG &Sdygw,f/ ta&twGuf renf; ygbl;/ 1 'or 2 oef;avmuf &Sdygw,f/ 'gt h jyif uav;vkyo f m;qdw k m &Syd gao;w,f/ uav; vkyfom;u oªoabmqE´ rygbJeJY vkyfief;cGif0ifae&wJh uav;awGyg/ 'Duav;vkyo f m;uvnf; 1 'or 1 oef;

60 &mcdkifEIef; eD;yg;avmufu ynmrwwfbJ? ynmrjynfhpHkbJeJY tem*wfudk b,fvdkjzwfoef;MurvJ ar;p&m &Sdvmygw,f ...

21

jrefrm 2050

avmuf &Sdygw,f/ 'gu vli,fOD;a& pkpkaygif;&JU 9 &mcdkifEIef;avmuf&SdaewJh tae txm; jzpfygw,f/ (ykH¼5 udk Munfhyg) 'Dtaetxm;rSm usaemfwdkYuav;awG&JU tem*wf[m b,fvdk&SdrvJ/ usaemfwdkYEdkifiHu uav;awG&JU w0ufavmufu qif;&JrIwGif;eufxJrSm &Sdaeyg

uav;rsm;\ tem*wf

l

l

l

l

l

150 OD;

2 'or 2 oef;

touf 5 ESpfrjynfhcif aeYpOf aoqkH;ae&aom uav;ta&twGuf

Nidrf;csrf;a&;r&Sdaom a'orsm;ü aexdkifae&onfh uav;ta&twGuf

jrefrmuav;OD;a&\ xuf0ufausmfonf qif;&JrItwGif; aexdkifaeMu&onf/ uav;ig;OD;teuf wOD;vQif arG;pm&if;r&Sdyg/ toufig;ESpfatmuf uav;okH;ykHwykHonf t&yfykn§ufvsuf ¶NzdK;rIaemufusaeonf/ jrefrmuav; xuf0ufausmfonf ynma&;rNyD;qkH;cif vlysKd¼tysKdt&G,f a&mufvmMuonf/ roefpGrf;uav; okH;OD;teuf ESpfOD;onf ausmif;rwufEdkifyg/ ¤if;wdkY\ 90 &mcdkifEIef;onf aq;ukorI rcH,lEdkifMuyg/

&if;jrpf ¼ UNICEF: Lives in Hold-Making sure No Child is Left behind in Myanmar, 2017.

(ykH¼6) jrefrmEdkifiHrS uav;rsm;\tem*wfudk òef;qdkaeonfh tcsuftvufrsm; jzpfygonf/

w,f/ uav;ig;OD;xJrSm wOD;u arG;pm&if;r&Sdygbl;/ aemufwcg ynma&;rjynfh rpHkeJY w0ufavmufu vlysKd? tysdK jzpfvmMuygw,f/ (ykH¼6 udk Munfhyg) uav;aoEIef;uvnf; usaemfwdkYrSm jrifhygw,f/ ig;ESpfrjynfhcif aowJh uav;u aeYpOf 150 avmuf &Sdaeygw,f/ aemufwcku Nidrf;csrf;a&;udk rcHpm; EdkifwJhuav;ta&twGufu 2 'or 2 oef;avmuf &Sdaeygw,f/ 'Dtcsuf 22

Myanmar 2050

tvufawGudk UNICEF tpD&ifcHpmu ,lxm;wmyg/ 'DtajctaerSm usaemfwdkY&JU tem*wfudk rpOf;pm;oifhbl;vm;aygh/ tJ'geJYywfoufNyD; 'DaqG;aEG;yGJ jzpfvmyg w,f/ 'DaqG;aEG;yGJrSm aqG;aEG;zdkY ynm&SifawG usaemfwdkYzdwfac:xm;ygw,f/ yxrOD;qH;k tcktajctaeawGeyYJ wfoufNyD; 'Dtwdik ;f qufomG ;&if wdik ;f jynf tajctae b,fvdkjzpfvmrvJ/ u@aygif;pHku aqG;aEG;MurSmyg/ yxrqHk; a'gufwmoefYjrifhOD;&JU aqG;aEG;rIeJYpwifygr,f/ n

23

jrefrmjynfolawGudk twlwuG pkpnf;Edkifr,fh Zmwfvrf;topfawGvnf; vdktyfaeygw,f/ aMu;acwfu v,form;awGeJY ESpfaxmifcsD MumNyDjzpfwJh yk*Humvuvdk jrefrmawG awGa0qdkif;iHhraebJ jyifyu A[kokwawGudk vufcHoifhygw,f/ ydkvdkY BuD;us,fpGm? wDxGifzefwD;rI&SdpGm awG;ac:MuzdkYvdktyfygw,f/ n

a'gufwmoefYjrifhOD;

a'gufwmoefYjrifhOD; panelist

vGefcJhwJh ESpfaygif; 2000 umv? jrefrmEdkifiH aMu;acwftapmydkif;rSm v,f orm;awGpkaygif;NyD; olwdkY&JU yxrOD;qHk;NrdKU jyudk wnfaxmifcJhMuw,f/ ydkus,f jyefYwJh uÇmeJY pNyD; qufoG,fcJhMuw,f/ Ak'¨bmom? tpdk;&pepf? tEkynm? odyÜHeJY ywfoufwJh tawG;tac:topfawGudk wifoGif;vmcJhMuw,f/ 'DtawG;tac: awGaMumifyh J olwYkd vlrt I zGt UJ pnf;udk ¶NzdK;wd;k wufvmapcJw h ,f/ aemufyikd ;f ESpf t,f'DwmrSwfcsuf a'gufwmoefYjrifhOD;onf U Thant House \ Ouú|jzpfNyD; YangonHeritage Trust udk wnfaxmifcJholvnf; jzpfygonf/ ¤if;onf Foreign Policy r*¾Zif;rS a&G;cs,faom 2013 ckESpf uÇmhtawG;tac:ynm&Sif 100 pm&if;wGif yg0ifco hJ nf/ xdaYk emuf Prospect r*¾Zif;rS a&G;cs,fonfh 2014 ckEpS f uÇmhtawG;tac: ynm&Sif 50 pm&if;wGif eHygwf 15 ae&mü &yfwnfcJhol jzpfygonf/

25

jrefrm 2050

1000 avmuftMumrSmawmh yk*rH mS bk&ifeYJ rSL;BuD;rwf&mawGu vIy&f mS ; &Sio f ef aewJha'owGif;rSm tpdwftydkif;wcktjzpf &yfwnfEdkifzdkY tjyif;txef BudK;yrf;cJh Muw,f/ jynfwiG ;f eJY jynfyu A[kow k awGeYJ yHpk aH wGukd aygif;pyfNyD; &ifoyf½aI rm zG,Nf rdKU jyudk wnfaqmufzefw;D Edik cf MhJ uw,f/ tv,facwf ordik ;f umvrSm txif BuD; cHhnm;zG,f rif;EdkifiHi,fwck jzpfcJhw,f/ jrefrmEdik if u H jyifyudx k ad wGU NyD; uÇmBuD;udk wHcg;zGihf BudKqdw k t hJ cgwdik ;f jrefrm EdkifiH[m todÚmPfydkif;qdkif&mt&a&m ½kyf0w¬Kydkif;qdkif&mt&yg <u,f0¶NzdK;cJhyg w,f/ jrefrmEdkifiHu aMumuf&GHUwJh pdwfeJYaomfvnf;aumif;? ,HkMunfrIuif;rJhpGm jzifah omfvnf;aumif; jynfwiG ;f udo k m tav;ay;Munfw h t hJ cgwdik ;f Edik if u H qif;&J rGJawrI? jynfyusL;ausmfodrf;ydkufrIawGeJY BuHKawGUcJY&ygw,f/ jrefrmEdkifiHu tcktcg ta&;ay:tajctae a&mufaeygNyD/ jrefrmjynfol jynfom;awGtaeeJY olwv Ykd ckd sifwhJ b0? uÇmay:rSm olwjYkd zpfcsifwhJ tqift h wef; udk tav;teuf jyefvnfpOf;pm;zdkY tcsdefyg/ EdkifiHa&;rSm us½IH;jcif;[m pdwful;

26

Myanmar 2050

pdwfoef;awG us½IH;&jcif;yJ jzpfygw,f/ jrefrmEdkifiH[m Zmwfvrf;topfwyk'fa&;zdkY vdktyfaeovdk? tem*wf arQmrf eS ;f csuf topfpufpufwck vdt k yfaeygw,f/ wu,fh pdefac:rI jyóemawGudk twlwuG yl;aygif;ajz&Sif;MuzdkY vlawGudkqGJac:EkdifwJh &nfrSef;csufrsKd; vdktyfygw,f/ jrefrmEdkifiH&JU vlOD;a&w0uf[m touf 30 atmuf awGyg/ vltrsm;pku ouú&mZf 2050 jynfhESpftxd? 'grS r[kwf ydkvGefNyD; aeEdkifMuygvdrfhr,f/ tJ'DtcsdefrSm uÇm BuD;u vHk;0 rwljcm;em;wJh ae&mwck jzpfaerSmyg/ ,aeYtcsderf mS usaemfwYkd MuHKawGaU e&wJh tBuD;rm;qH;k Ncdrf;ajcmufrIuawmh &moDOwk azmufjyefajymif;vJrIyJ jzpfygw,f/ usaemfwu Ydk jyif;xefq;kd &Gm;wJh &moDOwkxu J kd a&mufaeygNyD/ 2008 ckESpfu jzpfcJhwJh em*pfrkefwdkif;vdk (obm0 ab;tÅ&m,fawG) rMumcP MuHK&ygvdrfhr,f/ jrefrmEdik if &H UJ tcsKdaU 'oawGrmS vlaevdrYk &Edik w f t hJ xd tyl jyif;wmawG jzpfvmygr,f/ [dr0Åmawmifwef;rSm a&cJawG aysmv f Ykd tBu;D tus,f rcefrY eS ;f Edik w f hJ twdik ;f tqeJY a&vTr;f rd;k rIawG jzpfvmEdik yf gw,f/ yifv,fa&rsufEmS jyif jrifw h uf vmrIaMumifh urf;½dk;wef;awG a&zHk;vTrf;wm? aemufqHk; &efuek Nf rdKaU wmf a&zH;k vTr;f oGm;wm jzpfEikd yf gw,f/ usaemf wdu Yk &moDOwkazmufjyefajymif;vJrI tBuD; tus,f cHpm; ae&wJh uÇmBuD;&Jt U pdwt f ydik ;f rSm aexdik af eMu&ygw,f/ 'Dvrkd sKd; ½kwjf cnf; arQmfvifrh xm;wJh yHpk aH jymif;vJjcif;awG aMumifh pdu k yf sKd;a&;eJY pm;eyf&u d m© vHNk cHKa&; tay: xdcu kd rf I

jynfwGif;udkom tav;ay; MunfhwJhtcgwdkif; EdkifiHu qif;&JrGJawrI? jynfyusL;ausmf odrf;ydkufrIawGeJY BuHKawGUcJY&ygw,f ...

27

jrefrm 2050

awGu twdik ;f tq rodEikd af tmifygyJ/ vlawGu olwYkd aexdik af e Mu&m b0awG? aexdkifaeMu&m a'oawGrSm aezdkYrjzpfEdkifawmhavmufatmifyg/ usaemfwdkY[m ¶NzdK;wdk;wufrI w&Sdefxdk; tm;aumif;vmaewJh w½kwfEdkifiH BuD;&JU tdref ;D csif;tjzpf aexdik af eMu&ygw,f/ w½kwjf ynf vlrt I zGt UJ pnf;&JU tvsif tjref wdk;wufajymif;vJrIawGu &ifoyf½IarmzG,fjzpfNyD; 'DvkdyJ a&SUqufvnf; jzpfay:aeygvdrfhr,f/ tdrfeD;csif;uyfvsuf w½kwfjynf&JU tqif;&JqHk; jynfe,f wckjzpfwJh ,leefjynfe,frSmawmif qif;&Jom;ta&twGuf[m NyD;cJhwJh ig;ESpf twGif; (vlOD;a& 43 oef;teuf) 11 oef;uae 6 oef;udk usqif;vmcJhygw,f/ tqdkjyKxm;wJh w½kwf¼jrefrmpD;yGm;a&;pBuøvrf;rBuD;rSm tu,fí w0ufudk taumiftxnfazmfEikd cf &hJ ifawmif jrefrmEdik if u H w½kw&f UJ 0ef;usife,fajrxJukd eD;eD;uyfuyf aygif;pnf;rdomG ;rSmyg/ pufr¶I NzdK;NyD;jzpfw?hJ 'grSr[kwf pufraI cwfveG f w½kwfEdkifiHu jrefrmhwHcg;0udk a&muf&Sdvmjcif;aMumifh jrefrmEdkifiH[m NyD;cJhwJh &mpkESpf ESpfckeJYrwl jcm;em;pGm vTrf;rdk;½IyfaxG;rIawGeJY MuHK&ygvdrfhr,f/ uÇmay:rSm tjcm; tajymif;tvJrsm;uvnf; jzpfaeygw,f/ {&mr vlom; a&TUajymif;tajccsaexdkifrIawG jzpfaeygw,f/ tckqdk&if jrefrmEdkifiH tygt0if uÇmay:rSm pkpkaygif; a&TUajymif;tajccsol oef; 250 avmuf &Sdygvdrfhr,f/ 'D tajctaeuyJ tdrfeJY rdrdukd,fykdifae&m&JU oabmt"dyÜm,fudk ajymif;vJvmap ygw,f/ odyÜHynmwdk;wufrIuvnf; ordkif;wavQmuf r,SOfomwJhEIef;eJY &Sdae ygw,f/ vlrItzGJUtpnf;udk toGifajymif;apwJh enf;ynmajymif;vJrIawG jzpfap ygw,f/ txl;ojzifh zefw;D todÚmPfwk (AI) eJY rsKd;½d;k ADZe,fy,fawGrmS yg/ topf topfaom vHjk cKH a&;Ncrd ;f ajcmufraI wGvnf; BuKH ae&ygw,f/ qdik b f mppfyaJG wGuae vltpktNyHKvdkuf aoausapEdkifwhJ vufeufrsm;yg yg0ifvmwJh bufrnDrQwJh ppfyaJG wG? vltrsm;tjym;udk tvsiftjrefu;l pufEikd w f hJ uyfa&m*gawG &Sv d mygw,f/ ,ckjzpfaewJh uÇmvH;k qdik &f m tajymif;tvJawGtay: tqifoif&h ifqikd zf Ykd jrefrm 28

Myanmar 2050

EdkifiHu b,fae&mrSmrS &Sdraeao;ygbl;/ odyrf MumcifrmS yJ jrefrmEdik if u H tdrk if;MuawmhrmS yg/ 1970 jynfEh pS rf sm;uwnf;u uÇmBuD;ay:rSm uav; arG; zGm;rI tedrq hf ;kH EIe;f udk BuHKaeMu&ygw,f/ usefwhJ tmqD,H EdkifiHawGvdkyJ jrefrmEdkifiHu &mpkESpftv,frSm tdkrif;ol vlOD;a& trsm;tjym;&Sdvmygr,f/ usefwJholawGeJY rwl wmu jrefrmEdik if u H rcsrf;omcif tdrk if;oGm;MurSm jzpfyg w,f/ aocsmwmu jrefrmEdkifiHrSm NrdKU jyjzpfxGef;rI jzpfvm ygvdrfhr,f/ cefYrSef;csufawGt& q,fpkESpftwGif;rSm vl 5 oef;uae 10 oef;avmufu &efuek ef YJ tjcm;NrdKU BuD;awG udk a&TaU jymif;vmygvdrrhf ,f/ NrdKU jyb0awGu jrefrmEdik if &H UJ tem*wfudk tqHk;tjzwfay;ygvdrfhr,f/ usaemfwdkYu

,ckjzpfaewJh uÇmvHk;qdkif&m tajymif;tvJawGtay: tqifoifh&ifqdkifzdkY jrefrmEdkifiHu b,fae&mrSmrS &Sdraeao;ygbl; ...

29

jrefrm 2050

wDxGifzefwD;rIeJY xkwfvkyfEdkifpGrf;&SdwJh armif;ESiftm;awGeJY aecsifpzG,f NrdKU jyudk &rSmvm;/ 'grSr[kwf &mZ0wfrIawG? vlrIa&; rNidrfoufrIawGeJY 'ku©bHkNrdKU jyrsKd;udk &rSmvm;qdw k m a&G;cs,f&ygvdrrhf ,f/ tckvkd pdeaf c:rIjyóemawGukd jrefrmjynfol awGu od&Sdem;vnfNyD; &ifqdkifajz&Sif;Mu&ygvdrfhr,f/ tem*wftwGuf vdkcsifwJh ajrmfjrifcsuf&SdzdkYvnf; vdktyfygw,f/ &moDOwk azmufjyefajymif;vJraI wGMuHK&if vlxak wGu b,frmS aeMurSmvJ/ 'grSr[kwf w½kwfu tukef vTrf;rdk;oGm;rSmvm;/ xdkif;EdkifiHu NrdKU BuD;awGvdk jzpf vmrSmvm;/ 'grSr[kwf NrdKUi,fuav;awG? &GmawG qufusefaeOD;rSmvm;/ pD;yGm;a&;pepfu b,fvdkjzpfrSmvJ/ c&D;oGm;vkyfief;uae wESpfudk a':vm 50 bDvD,H? odkYr[kwf *sD'DyD&JU 15 &mcdkifEIef;avmuftxd 0ifaiG&aewJh xdkif;EdkifiH vdk jzpfoifhovm;/ 'grSr[kwf a&TUajymif;vkyfom;awGeJY olwdkY tdrfjyefydkYaiGtay: rScD akd ewJEh ikd if v H m;/ ta&SaU 'ou usefwEhJ ikd if aH wG&UJ yHpk t H wdik ;f jynfyydu Yk ek f t"du xkwv f yk rf ?I pm;oH;k oltav;ay;aom ,Ofaus;rI? obm0ywf0ef;usifawG tBuD; tus,fzsufqD;rIawGeJY ¶NzdK;wkd;wufatmifvkyfrSmvm;/ jynfwiG ;f ukrP Ü BD uD;tcsKdu U pD;yGm;a&;udk csKyfuikd v f rT ;f rd;k xm;wm jrefrmjynf olawG vdkcsifMuovm;/ 'grSr[kwf EdkifiHjcm;ukrÜPDawGu pD;yGm;a&;rSm t"du tcef;u@u yg0ifaewmrsKd;vm;/ 'grSr[kwf tao;pm;eJYtvwfpm; vkyfief; awGudk tajcjyKwJh pD;yGm;a&;pepfrsKd;vm;/ ydkvdkYta&;BuD;wmu jrefrmEdkifiHu pD;yGm;a&;t& wef;wlnDrQrIudk OD;pm;ay; rSmvm;/ 'grSr[kwf qif;&Jcsrf;om tBuD;tus,f uGm[aewJhtwdkif; vufcHae xdkifMurSmvm;/ 'Dvu kd pd aö wGukd uRrf;usifoyl nm&Siaf wG qH;k jzwfzYkd r[kwyf gbl;/ jynfov l x l k awGu b,fvt kd em*wfukd vdck sifovJqw kd meJY ywfoufwhJ Ekid if aH &;t& qH;k jzwf csufawGom jzpfygw,f/ 30

Myanmar 2050

vlxk&JU aeYpOfb0tay: tBuD;tus,f oufa&muf r,fh pD;yGm;a&; tem*wftwGuf jrefrmEdik if u H tdyaf ysmf&if; vrf;avQmufaevdkY r&ygbl;/ Oyrmqdk&&if ta&twGuf axmifcsDaom pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef; ti,fpm;uav;awGu wESpw f ESpq f kd oef;eJcY sw D hJ w½kwEf ikd if o H m;eJY tjcm;Ekid if o H m; c&D;oGm;{nfo h nfah wGukd {nfch aH ewJh rÅav;NrKd [ U m vlenf;pk u xdef;csKyfxm;wJh pufrIvkyfief;tenf;i,feJY ,leefudk jynfyydu Yk ek af wGwifyrYkd ,fh rÅav;NrdKeU EYJ idI ;f ,SO&f if vH;k 0 uGJ jym;aewmudk awGU&rSmyg/ 100 &mcdkifEIef; aocsmwmu twdwfu jrefrmEdkifiH [m rMumciftcsdeftwGif; aysmufuG,foGm;awmhrSmyg/ 'gayrJh jrefrmEdkifiH&JU EdkifiHa&;u twdwfu tuGJtNyJ awGtay:rSm twdwu f yHak zmfxm;cJw h hJ tem*wfy&kH yd af wG ay:rSm tjrpfwG,faewkef;ygyJ/ Oyrmajym&&if udk,fydkif tkyfcsKyfa&;? zuf'&,fpepf pwJhtay:rSm tajccHNyD; jzpf aewJh wkid ;f &if;om;tkypf ak wGtMum; tacstwif jiif;ckrH I yg/ tu,fí ydv k yYkd al vmif? ydv k pYkd pkd w G af er,fh uÇmBu;D ay:u NrdKU BuD;tenf;i,ftwGi;f rSm ajrmufjrm;pGmaom vlaygif;pHk a&maxG; aexdkifMu&awmhr,fqdk&if 'gawGu b,fvdk t"dyÜm,f&SdOD;rSmygvJ/ jrefrmawGtzdkY twdwfumvu ,HkrSwfrSm;csufawG eJY <u,f0csrf;omrI? twdwu f rdrb d mom zlvrkH ?I oH;k rukef wJh o,HZmwawGtay:uae ausmv f eG o f ifyh gNy/D tifrwef tÅ&m,frsm;wJ?h aocsma&&mrIr&Sv d w S hJ tem*wfu tck

vlxkawG&JU aeYpOfb0tay: tBuD;tus,foufa&mufr,fh pD;yGm;a&;tem*wftwGuf jrefrmEdkifiHu tdyfaysmf&if; vrf;avQmufaevdkY r&ygbl; ...

31

jrefrm 2050

vufxJ a&mufaeNyDqdkwmudk em;vnfoifhygw,f/ jrefrmhEdkifiHa&;uvnf; Edk;xoifhygNyD/ ta&;ay: tajctae bmawG jzpfae w,fqdkwm Munfhoifhygw,f/ jrefrmawGrSm {&mrydkifqdkifrIawGvnf; &Sdygao; w,f/ 'gayrJh vlawG xifxm;ovdk r[kwfygbl;/ tem*wf uÇmhpD;yGm;a&;u jrefrmawG&JU obm0"mwfaiGU? opf? owåKwGif; xGufawGudk vdkcsifrS vdkygawmhr,f/ 'gayrJh olwdkYu jrefrmwdkY&JU axGjym;wJh ,Of aus;rI? tHhrcef;wnf&SdaewJh ZD0rsKd;pHkuGJjym;rI? Adokumvuf&m? tEkynm? pmay tarGtESp?f vufusefopfawmawGqu D opfyifyef;refawG? wd& ämefawG? urf;½d;k wef;awGeJY uRef;awGudk wefzdk;xm;MurSmyg/ jrefrmawGu vltenf;i,f <u,f0 csrf;omzdkYtwGuf tem*wfrSm wefzdk;xm;Mur,fht&mawGudk zsufqD;ypfMur,fh tÅ&m,fvnf; &Sfdaeygw,f/ jrefrmawGtaeeJY 'dGpHk &nf&G,fcsufESpfck jynfh0zdkY vdktyfw,fqdkwm oabm aygufoifhygw,f/ 'gawGu 'Drdkua&pDeJY aps;uGufpD;yGm;a&;pepfyg/ vuf&Sdtcsdef rSm tem*wfpdefac:rIawGudk &ifqdkifEdkifr,fh pGrf;&nfawG[m ae&mu@wdkif;rSm &S&d v UJ m;qdw k m oHo,jzpfp&myg/ jrefrmEdik if u H 21 &mpk jyóemrsm;&JU a&SaU rSmuf a&mufaewJhtcsdefrSm 20 &mpku tajzawGeJY jiif;cHkHMuwkef;yg/ ydkvdkY wDxGifqef;opfwJh awG;ac:rIawG vdktyfygw,f/ jrefrmjynfolawGudk twlwuG pkpnf;Edkifr,fh Zmwfvrf;topfawGvnf; vdktyfaeygw,f/ vHk;0 aocsm&Sif;vif;wJhtcsufu EdkifiHwumeJY txD;usefz,fMuOfaexdkif wmu tajzr[kwfygbl;/ a&S;twdwf aMu;acwfu v,form;awGeJY ESpfaxmif csD MumNyDjzpfwhJ yk*u H mvuvdk jrefrmawG awGa0qdik ;f iHrh aebJ jyifyu A[kow k awGudk vufcHoifhygw,f/ ydkvdkY BuD;us,fpGm? wDxGifzefwD;rI&SdpGm awG;ac:MuzdkY vdt k yfygw,f/ 'Dvrkd rS [kw&f if vlawG&UJ oufwrf;twGi;f rSmyJ Edik if u H aysmufu, G f aumif; aysmufuG,foGm;Edkifygw,f/ n 32

OD;atmifolNidrf; MODERATOR

jrefrmh 2050 aqG;aEG;yGJudk pwifrSm jzpfygw,f/ yxr OD;qHk; q&mawmf t&SifOD;aombdwudk avQmufxm;ygw,f/ bmomw&m;u wynfah wmfwu Ykd kd ,Ofaus;atmif qH;k r ay;ygw,f/ aemufwcku wynfhawmfwdkY&JU vªabmiftzGJU tpnf;? vª,Ofaus;rIawG ¶NzdK;vmrIrmS vnf; bmomw&m;&JU tcef;u@u ta&;BuD;ygw,f/ 'gayrJh 'DaeYtaetxm;rSm wynfah wmfwYkd bmomw&m; xJrSmyJ wcsdKUu@awGrSm tpGef;a&mufwJh udpöav;awG jzpf vmygw,f/ bmomw&m;udk tajccHNyD;awmh trke;f pum; yGm; wJY wcsKdu U pd aö v;awG jzpfvmygw,f/ 'Dvt kd aetxm;eJY wynfh awmfwdkY vªabmiftzGJUtpnf;u qufoGm;r,fqdkvdkY&Sd&if tem*wfrSm b,fvdkjzpfEdkifovJqdkwmudk aqG;aEG;ay;zdkY wif avQmufygw,f bk&m;/ n

uÇmBuD;&JU ajymif;vJaewJhjzpfpOfawG odyfodomaewJhtcsdefrSm usKyfwdkYu ]wef;wlnDrQ 0g'jzLpifwJhjynf 'dkYjynf 'dkYajr}qdkNyD; a<u;aMumfaewJh vlrsKd;tqifhyJ &Sdaeao;wm awGU&ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh 2020 txdatmifvnf; usKyfwdkYvlrsKd;u a<u;aMumf½HkeJYyJ tcsdefukefaeMuOD;rSm jzpfygw,f/ n

q&mawmfOD;aombdw

q&mawmfOD;aombdw panelist

jrefrmEdkifiH&JU 2050 rSm jzpfay:vmr,fh EdkifiHhtem*wf tvm;tvmawGeJY ywfoufNyD; 2016 ckEpS rf mS tar&duefjynfaxmifpk td[ k ikd ;f tdjk ynfe,fu Bowling Green State University rSm ]jrefrmhynma&; tem*wftvm;tvm}qdkwJh pmwrf; wapmif OD;yÍif; wifoGif;cJhzl;ygw,f/ 'Dvdk tvm;o²mefwlygyJ/ 'geJY enf;enf; wlaew,f/ tJ'Dawmh 2018 ckESpfrSm jrefrmEdkifiH&JU tydkif;u@awGeJY ywfoufvdkY Spiritual (pdwy f ikd ;f qdik &f m)ydik ;f uae ajymay;ygqdak wmh jrefrmEdik if o H nf 'Dru kd a&pD t,f'DwmrSwfcsuf q&mawmfO;D aombdwonf ppfuikd ;f tjynfjynfqikd &f m Ak'b ¨ momynma&; pifwm (IBEC) \ ausmif;tkyf BuD;jzpfNyD; pawmh[krf; Nidrf;csrf;a&;qk &&SdcJhaom q&mawmf jzpfonf/

35

jrefrm 2050

wdik ;f jynfukd toGiu f ;l ajymif;p umvjzpfwt hJ wGuf pdeaf c:raI ygi;f rsm;pGmeJY jzwfoef; aeMu&wmudk tm;vHk;aom jynfolvlxkvnf; todjzpfygw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm bmawGu pdefac:rIawGudk jzpfapovJqdkawmh 'Drdkua&pD tul; tajymif;rSm Civil Society vdaYk c:wJh t&yfbuftzGt UJ pnf;awG? tpd;k &bufutydik ;f awG? aemuf wdik ;f &if;om;tydik ;f u@awG &SMd uwJah e&mrSm ajymif;csifwhJ pdwq f E´ awGu tm;BuD;NyD;awmhrS ud, k &hf UJ yxrOD;qH;k vky&f r,fh vkyif ef;awGukd arYavsmhae MuwJt h wGuf wdik ;f jynf&pUJ ed af c:rIawG[m ydNk yD;awG&U w,fvYkd 2018 ckEpS &f t UJ jrifukd OD;yÍif;u yxrOD;qHk;taeeJY ajymygw,f/ 2020 rSmusawmh 'Drdkua&pD tul;tajymif;umv[m ig;ESpfumv &Sdvm wJhtwGuf olwdkY enf;enf;av; a&;a&; odvmMur,f/ 'gayrJh wdkif;jynfrSm&SdwJh vlawG&JU todA[kokw &ifhusufrIjzpfzdkY&mtwGuf jyifqifzdkYudk arhaeMuw,f/ uÇmBuD;&JU ajymif;vJaewJjh zpfpOfawG odyo f o d maewJt h csderf mS usKyfwu Ykd ]wef;wl nDrQ 0g'jzLpifwjhJ ynf 'djYk ynf 'daYk jr}qdNk yD; a<u;aMumfaewJh vlrsKd;tqifyh J &Sad eao; wm awG&U ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh 2020 txdatmifvnf; usKyfwv Ykd rl sKd;u a<u;aMumf½kH eJYyJ tcsdefukefaeMuOD;rSm jzpfygw,f/ tJ'Dae&mrSm 2020 uae 2030 txd c&D;udk oGm;vdkufr,fqdk&if wdkif;jynf twGif;rSm&SdMuwJh rsKd;qufopfawGu 'gudk enf;enf; odvmMuNyD/ olwdkY&JUpdwfu enf;enf;odvmNyD/ igwdkY vkyfrS&awmhr,fvdkY odvmMuwJhtcsdefrSm vli,fawGu pwifNyD; jyifvmMuwJh taetxm;uav;awG awGU&Edkifr,f/ tJ'D awGU&wJhae&m rSm t&yfbuf tzGJUtpnf;&,f? bmoma&; tzGJUtpnf;&,f? &yf&Gm a'ocH acgif; aqmifawGeYJ wdik ;f jynfukd tkycf sKyfMuwJh rif;tpd;k &rsm;u 'Dt&yfbuf tzGt UJ pnf; awGudk todtrSwfjyKNyD; olwdkYwawGu bmvkyfay;&rvJ? 0ef;&HHay;r,fqdk&if wdik ;f jynf&UJ tajymif;tvJwck[m 2030 tuGmta0;rSm c&D;wck a&mufvrd rhf ,f vdYk jrifygw,f/ 'gayrJh 'Dae&mrSm oª&w UJ efz;kd awGu bmjzpfvq J akd wmh Edik if w H umudk 36

Myanmar 2050

txifBuD;½HkrQ BuD;NyD;awmh udk,f udk,fwdkifu txifBuD; &r,fh ,Ofaus;rIukd wnfaqmufz&Ykd mtwGuf usKyfwYkd vl rsKd;awGrSm tm;enf;aewmudk awGU&ygw,f/ udk,fh&JU ,Of aus;rIuv kd nf; xde;f odr;f zdv Yk w kd ,f/ jrefrmh,Ofaus;rIqw kd m uvnf; wefzdk;&Sdw,f/ &SdaewJhwefzdk;udk r,kwfavsmhap bJ EdkifiHwumu vlawGeJY &ifaygifrwef;Edkifao;ygbl;/ 2030 rSm &ifaygifwef;EdkifzdkYqdkwm rpOf;pm;ygeJYOD;/ olwdkYeJY,SOfwGJNyD; aemufuae avQmufEdkifzdkY&mtwGuf jyifMuzdkY&mqdk&if 'D pdwfydkif;qdkif&mt& bmajymvdkY&ovJ qd&k if bk&m;a[mrSm vmxm;wmu ]pdawåe ed,wd avm aum}qdkwJh ygVdpum;vHk;wvkH; &Sdygw,f/ "Spiritual can create everthing, impossible to possible." wJh/ tck ed*;Hk csKyyf gr,f/ 2050 &JU tcif;tusi;f udk Munfrh ,f

bk&m;a[mrSm vmxm;wmuawmh ]pdawåe ed,wd avmaum} qdkwJh ygVdpum;vHk;wvkH; &Sdygw,f/ "Spiritual can create everthing, impossible to possible." wJh ...

37

jrefrm 2050

qdk&if jrefrmEdkifiH&JUtcif;tusif;[m tqdk;bufawGudk oGm;Edkifovdk taumif; bufudkvnf; oGm;Edkifwm&Sdygw,f/ tqdk;bufudkoGm;Edkifwmu bmvJqdkawmh a<u;aMumfoHvdkY ac:wJh a<u;aMumf½HkrQ a<u;aMumfaewJh jrefrmvlrsKd;awG rsm;ae w,f/ tpd;k &a&m? t&yfbuftzGt UJ pnf;awGa&m? rsKd;qufopfawGa&mu tJ'gudk odNyD;awmhrS ud, k &hf UJ ud, k yf ikd Ef ikd if aH wmfuav;awG? rdom;pkuav;awG? NrdKU jy aus; &GmawGukd vSyatmif jyif&r,f/ NyD;awmh pdwyf ikd ;f qdik &f mOD;aqmifEikd w f hJ yk*Kd¾ vfawG uvnf; 0dkif;0ef;yl;aygif;NyD; aqmif&GufoGm;r,fqdk&if 2050 qdkwJh jrefrmEdkifiH&JU tem*wf[m Oa&mywd?Yk tar&duwdu Yk kd ,SONf ydKifEikd w f hJ taetxm;wckukd a&muf Edkifw,f/ tJ'Dvdkenf;eJY vSywJh0ef;usifwckudk rwnfaqmufEdkifbl;qdk&if jrefrm Edik if &H UJ 2050 tem*wftvm;tvm[m tukev f ;kH &ifav;p&mBu;D ygyv J Ykd OD;yÍif;u aqG;aEG;wifjyyg&ap/ n

38

OD;atmifolNidrf; MODERATOR

wefz;kd xm;rIawG ta&;BuD;aMumif; aqG;aEG;ay;oGm;wm aus;Zl;BuD;ygw,fbk&m;/ 'kwd,taeeJY pma&;q&mr *sL;udk zdwfac:csifygw,f/ usaemfwiYkd ,fi,fuae Bu;D vmcJw h w hJ avQmufv;kH rSm &opmay &JUtcef;u@ ta&;BuD;ygw,f/ &opmayuyJ usaemfwdkY&JU pOf;pm;awG;ac:ykH? wefzdk;xm;rIawGudk yHkoGif;vmcJhwm jzpfyg w,f/ q&mrudk,fwdkif t&ifu ESpfpOfeD;yg;avmuf pmtkyf xkwfcJhayr,fh aemufydkif;rSm jcm;oGm;wm owdxm;rdygw,f/ aemufwcku vli,fawG pmzwfwm enf;vmygw,f/ zke;f ok;H wmyJ rsm;vmw,fayghaemf/ 'Dvt kd aetxm;rSm 'Dtwdik ;f quf oGm;&if 2050 rSm &opmayeJY usaemfwdkY&JU vlrItzGJUtpnf; taetxm; b,fvdkjzpfrvJ oHk;oyfay;ygq&mr/ n

Nidrf;csrf;rSmvm; 'grSr[kwf&if tMurf;zufMu rSmvm;? jyóemwckudkajz&Sif;wJhtcgrSm at;at;aq;aq; ajz&Sif;rSmvm;? 'grSr[kwf vufeufeJYajz&Sif;rSmvm;? aoG;xGufoH,dkeJY ajz&Sif;rSmvm;qdkwm &opmay¶NzdK;rI? r¶NzdK;rItay:rSm rlwnfaew,fvdkY usr oabmaygufygw,f/ n

q&mr*sL;

q&mr*sL; panelist

'DaeY vuf&t dS jriftaeeJu Y awmh [kwyf gw,f&iS /hf usrwdYk pmayudk txl;ojzifh &opmayudk zwf½rI I enf;vmygw,f/ vli,fawGomru vlBuD;awGvnf; zwf½rI I enf;ygw,f/ tJ'Dawmh jrefrmEdkifiHomru wjcm;aomEdkifiHawGrSmyg &opmay onf q&majymovdk tm;vH;k tay:rSm oufa&mufr&I ydS gw,f/ tJ'v D &kd w dS t hJ wGuf usrwdkY&JU tem*wf 2050 udk tckae cefYrSef;r,fqdk&if? 'D tajctaetwdkif;om qufomG ;r,fq&kd if OD;yÍif;vnf; ajymoGm;cJo h vdyk /J bmvdv Yk q J akd wmh &opmayonf t,f'DwmrSwfcsuf q&mr*sL;onf jrefrmEdkifiHrS xif&Sm;aom 0w¬Ka&;q&mrsm;teuf wOD;jzpfonf/ obm0ywf0ef;usif xdef;odrf;a&;qdkif&m a[majymaqG;aEG;rIrsm;wGifvnf; a&SUwef;u yg0ifaqmif&GufaeolwOD; jzpfygonf/

41

jrefrm 2050

vlawG&JU pdwfudk u,fwifEdkifw,f/ vlawG&JU qif;&JEGrf;yg;rIudkvnf; u,fwifEdkif w,f/ tJ'DvdkyJ usaewJhpdwfudkvnf; &opmayu u,fwifay;Edkifw,f/ vGwf ajrmufru I kd vdt k yfw,f/ tJ'aD wmh vGwaf jrmufru I kd vdt k yfwt hJ wGuf usrwdEYk ikd if H rSm Liberal Arts vdktyfygw,f/ Liberal Arts qdkwm usrwdkY&JUpdwfudk vGwfajrmufapaom tEkynmayghaemf/ tJ'DtEkynmxJrSm bmawGygrvJqdkvdkY&Sd&if &opmayvnf;ygw,f? *Dw yg0ifyg w,f? Performance Art ygr,f/ aemufNyD; oDuHk;zGJUEGJUrItwwfynm? wa,muf a,mufukd tquftoG,v f yk w f t YJ cgrSm tzGw UJ zGeUJ YJ aemufwzGu UJ kd tquftoG,f vkyfw,f/ qufoG,fwJhtcgrSm usrwdkY&JU pum;tajymtqdk? tJ'gu tifrwef ta&;BuD;ygw,f/ wzufom;&J&U ifxu J kd xdomG ;atmifajymEdik w f m? wzufom;udk pnf;½Hk;Edkifwm 'gawGu qufoG,frI&JU tEkynm/ tJ'gudk usrwdkYvdktyfw,f/ tJ'gawGtwGuf usrwdkYudk &opmayu oifMum;ay;Edkifw,f/ tJ'gaMumifh tckacwfrSm &opmay ¶NzddK;rIenf;w,fqdk&if aemiftem*wfrSm tJ'D&opmay uae tusKd;oufa&mufrjI zpfr,ft h &mawG? tJ'gawGtm;vH;k [m edrahf wmhrmS aygh/ tJ'aD wmh vlwa,muf? vlrt I odik ;f t0dik ;f &JU w&m;rQwrI? rw&m;rI aemufNyD;awmh t"r®? "r® aemufNyD; Nidr;f csrf;rSmvm; 'grSr[kw&f if tMurf;zufMurSmvm;? jyóem wckukd ajz&Si;f wJt h cgrSm at;at;aq;aq; ajz&Si;f rSmvm;? 'grSr[kwf vufeufeYJ ajz&Sif;rSmvm;? aoG;xGufoH,dkeJY ajz&Sif;rSmvm;qdkwm &opmay ¶NzdK;rI? r¶NzdK;rI tay:rSm rlwnfaew,fvdkY usr oabmaygufygw,f/ NyD;awmh 'DacwftaeeJYrajymbJeJY t&ifacwfudkajym&r,fqdk&if usrwdkY&JU t&ifacwfrSm q&maZmf*sD &SdcJhw,f/ q&mBuD;rif;ok0Pf &SdcJhw,fayghaemf/ tJ'D awmh q&maZmf*sD bmaMumifh &SdvJ? q&maZmf*sD&JUt&ifrSm &Sifr[m&|om& &SdcJh w,f/ &Sifr[moDv0Ho &SdcJhw,f/ armifodef;[efqdkwJh vli,fuav;wa,muf udk aZmf*sD&,fvdkY pmqdkjzpfvmatmif jyKjyifay;wJhtxJrSm OD;vwf&JU ]a&Tjynfpdk;}eJY 42

Myanmar 2050

&Sirf [m&|om&&JU ]ud;k cef;ysKd }U wdYk yg0ifw,fvYkd q&mBu;D aZmf *sD&JU pmawGuwqifh usrwdkYodxm;w,f/ tJ'Duaewqifh usrwdkYacwfudk a&mufvmwJhtcg tcktajctaeNyD;vdkY aemufxyf tESpf 30 MumwJhtcgrSm b,folawG &SdrSmvJ/ tJ'DvlawG &SdzdkY vdktyfygw,f/ usr wdkY&JUacwfeJY usrwdkY&JU t&ifacwfuawmh aZmf*sD&Sdr,f? rif;ok0Pf&rdS ,f? a&Tjynfat;&Srd ,f? NrdKrU Nidr;f &Srd ,f? NyD;awmh Munfat;&Sdr,f? jroef;wifh&Sdr,f? yg&*l&Sdr,f? wifrdk;&Sd r,f/ olw&Ykd cdS w hJ t hJ wGuf usrwd&Yk pUJ w d u f av;awG[m El;nHh w,f? odraf rGw U ,fq&kd if usrwdYk vuf&adS cwfrmS b,fo&l dS rvJ/ tJ'DvlawG[m aemufxyf tESpf 30 MumwJhtcg b,foal wGukd arG;zGm;ay;rSmvJ/ b,foal wGukd tusK;d ouf a&mufrmS vJ/ tck't D wdik ;f oGm;r,fq&kd if usrwdo Yk nf &o

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43

jrefrm 2050

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44

OD;atmifolNidrf; MODERATOR

Liberal arts eJY &opmay ta&;BuD;yku H kd aqG;aEG;oGm;wm

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a'gufwmxGef;ol&ouf

a'gufwmxGef;ol&ouf panelist

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47

jrefrm 2050

eJY tvSnfhtajymif;vkyfwJh jzpfEdkifajcawGudk awGU&w,f/ okawoewckukd usaemf zwfMunfyh gw,f/ tJ'rD mS bma&;xm;ovJqakd wmh olu US Department of Labours u xkwfxm;ygw,f/ tckvuf&Sd ausmif;rSm&SdwJh ausmif;om; 65 &mcdkifEIef;? t"dyÜm,fu 100 rSm 65 OD; aemiftem*wfrSm vkyf& r,fh tvkyo f nf tckvuf&rdS mS r&Sad o;bl;vdYk ajymygw,f/ usaemfwYkd 100 rSm 65 OD;onf tckr&Sdao;wJY tvkyftudkifudk vkyfzdkYtwGuf ynma&;pepf jyifqifzdkY vdkw,fvdkY ajymygw,f/ t"dyÜm,fu 65 OD; vkyf&r,fhtvkyfonf tvkyfopfjzpfw,f/ tvm;wl 65 &mcdkifEIef;aom tvkyfta[mif;rsm; ajymif;vJoGm;r,faygh/ tJ'Dawmh usaemfwdkY EdkifiHtaeeJY 'Da&pD;udk odzdkYvdkw,f/ ckeu q&mOD;oefYjrifhOD;vnf; ajymcJhw,f? usaemfwdkYudk armif;ESifr,hf enf;ynmwckuawmh todÓPfwk (AI) jzpfygw,f/ um;armif;wJhudpöawG tiSm;um;armif;w,f? bwfpfum;armif;w,f? 'Dtvkyf awGu aemifwcsderf mS ? rMumawmhr,fh oH;k av;ESprf mS tvdt k avsmufarmif;wJu h m; awG? &xm;awG jzpfvmr,f/ wcsKdUvkyfief;awG aysmufukefr,f/ Oyrm¼ txnf csKyfvkyfief;awGrSm Automations (vltpm;xdk; pufud&d,mrsm;? puf½kyfrsm;)awG 0ifvmwJhtcg usaemfwdkYajymif;ukefr,f/ tm;vHk;udk NcHKMunfhvY&dk Sd&if jrefrmEdkiif H b,fa&mufaevJqw dk mudk usaemfwkYd pOf;pm;wJhtcgrSm usaemfh&JUqE´? usaemfh&JUtdyfruf usaemfhtwGuf r[kwfygbl;? usaemfhom;av;u touf av;ESpfqdkawmh olwdkYtwGufaygh? usaemfwdkY jzpfcsif wJh tdyrf ufu a'owGi;f tmqD,rH mS wDxiG zf efw;D rIeYJ ywfouf&if jrefrmEdik if u H kd todynmA[kow k A[dck suf (Knowledge Hub) jzpfapcsiw f ,f/ ynma&;udk tajccH NyD; todynm? twwfynm pka0;wJhae&m jzpfcsifw,f/ Oyrmwcku u,fvD zdk;eD;,m;ayghaemf/ Silicon Valley &Sdw,f/ wuÇmvHk;u tawmfqkH;vlawG tJ'DrSm oGm;pkNyD;awmh wDxGifqef;opfrIudk vkyfMuw,f/ pifumylawmif EdkifiHwumu?

48

Myanmar 2050

a'owGif; EdkifiHawGu vlawmfawG udk qGJaqmifNyD; tod ynm A[kow k A[dck sufjzpfatmif BudK;pm;w,f/ usaemf&h UJ tdyrf ufuawmh aemuftESpf 30 rSm jrefrmEdik if o H nf wcsed f u ynma&;xG e f ; um;cJ h o vd k y J ? wD x G i f q ef ; opf r I e J Y ywfoufv&Ykd &dS if A[dck suw f ckjzpfzYkd arQmv f ifyh gw,f/ ud, k ef YJ tdrfeD;em;csif;rSmvnf; tdE´d,wdkY? w½kwfwdkYvdk pD;yGm;a&; tiftm;BuD; Edik if aH wG&w dS ,f/ 'gudk toH;k csr,fq&kd ifawmh usaemfwdkY jzpfEdkifr,fvdkY ,HkMunfygw,f/ n

jzpfcsifwJhtdyfrufu a'owGif; tmqD,HrSm wDxGifzefwD;rIeJY ywfouf&if jrefrmEdkifiHudk todynmA[kokw A[dkcsuf (Knowledge Hub) jzpfapcsifw,f ...

49

OD;atmifolNidrf; MODERATOR

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OD;0if;rsKd;ol

OD;0if;rsKd;ol panelist

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53

jrefrm 2050

EdkifpGrf;&SdwJh pGrf;tifeJY jynfhpHkzdkYvdkw,f/ eHygwfEpS u f usaemfwYkd Edik if o H m;wdik ;f [m ud, k pf rG ;f &ifprG ;f oavmuf vkyu f ikd f EdkifwJh? vkyfudkifEdkifoavmufvnf; tusKd;&SdwJh tajctaeaumif;wckudk ydkifqdkif pGrf;aqmifEdkifwJh taetxm;wckudk a&mufcsifw,f/ eHygwfokH;u usaemfwdkY[m apmapmuajymovdkaygh? 'DarQmfvifhcsufawG jynf0h w,f/ b,favmuftxd usaemfwYkd arQmfvifv h /J arQmfvifo h avmufvnf; usaemfwdkY vkyfEdkifw,f/ tck usaemfwdkY jzwfoef;cJY&wJh b0awGrSmqdk&if udk,f arQmfvifhayr,fh udk,fpGrf;Edkifoavmuf rpGrf;EdkifcJhwmawG trsm;BuD;yJ/ 'DvdkrsKd; cg;oD;wJt h awGt U BuHKawGukd 2030¼2050 rSm awG&U r,fh rsKd;qufawGrmS r&Sad pcsif bl;/ arQmfvifch suftjynfeh YJ vkyEf ikd w f t hJ aetxm;rsKd;a&mufcsifw,f/ eHygwfav; uawmh *kPfodu©m&Sd&r,f/ 'Dav;csufeJYjynfhpkHwJh ypfwdkif;axmifvªtzGJUtpnf;udk axmifzdkYvdkw,f/ bm vdv Yk q J akd wmh udo k efjY rifOh ;D ajymoGm;ovdyk /J jrefrmEdik if [ H m 2050 rSm b,fvakd ervJ/ Beyond the 2050-2100 tp &So d nfjzifh aeEdik zf q Ykd w kd m tck twGi;f ydik ;f rSmjzpfaewJh jyóemawGtjyif t"du vTr;f rd;k aewJh tjyifA[d'¨ ESpcf u k kd b,fvpkd rD cH efcY EJG ikd rf vJ qdkwm ta&;BuD;w,f/ wpfu Geopolitics vdkYac:wJh yx0D0ifEdkifiHa&;? ta&SUeJYtaemuf tm;NydKifae wJah e&mrSm usaemfwYkd b,fvpkd rD cH efcY rJG vJ/ 'Dtydik ;f u ordik ;f a&;qdik &f meJY Edik if aH &; qdik &f mqdak wmh usaemf rajymawmhb;l / aemufwcku &moDOwkajymif;vJrq I akd wmh usaemfeJY wdkuf½dkufqufpyfvmwJhudpö jzpfw,f/ tJ'Dawmh &moDOwkajymif;vJrI [m? 'Dtwdik ;f uÇmBu;D &moDOwkajymif;vJaer,fq&kd if vmr,fh ESpf 100 twGi;f rSm tylcsdeu f 4 'D*&Dpifw*D &dwt f xd wufomG ;r,f/ yifv,fa&rsufEmS jyifu tenf; qH;k 15 aytxd wufvmr,f/ tJ't D wGuf uÇmvH;k qdik &f m yg&DoabmwlncD suf t& BudK;yrf;w,f/ 2050 rSm tckajymaewJh vuf&Sdtylcsdefxuf 1 'or 5 'D*&D 54

Myanmar 2050

pifwD*&dwfxuf rwufatmif 0dkif;BudK;yrf;aeMuw,f/ aemufwcku wufvmr,fh yifv,fa&rsufESmjyif [mvnf; ESpaf ytxuf rausmfatmifqw kd hJ &nfreS ;f csuf eJY ypfrSwfxm;NyD; vkyfaew,f/ tJ'Dawmh uÇmvkH;qdkif&m &nfreS ;f csufu jynfrh vm;? rjynfb h ;l vm; rodb;l / odaYk omf jynfrh ,fyJ xm;OD;? (yifv,fa&rsufEmS jyif) ESpaf yavmuf wufvm&if usaemfwdkY {&m0wDwdkif;rSm&SdaewJh vlOD;a& aemf? 5 &mcdik Ef eI ;f uae 10 &mcdik Ef eI ;f avmufu cHpm;oGm; &r,fo h abm &Sw d ,f/ rMumao;cifu usaemfwv Ykd yk cf w hJ hJ okawoet&qdk&if tenf;qHk; vlESpfodef;avmuf tdk;rJh tdrfrJhawG a&TUajymif; oGm;vmae&w,f/ 'gu ppfyGJawG aMumifh vlawGxu G af jy;&wJh yrmPxuf rsm;w,f/ wu,f vdrYk sm; jrpfBuD;awG wckck jzpfuek rf ,fq&kd if vlO;D a& ajcmuf

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55

jrefrm 2050

oef; csufcsif; cHpm;&r,f/ wu,fvdkYrsm; tifrwef qdk;0g;wJh yljyif;ajcmufaoGU rIudk cH&r,fqdk&if tenf;qHk; vl 14 oef;avmuf xdoGm;r,f/ 'Dtwdik ;f yJ usaemfwYkd rScD akd ewJh opfawmawG? a&a0a&vJ opfawmrSm rScD akd e wJh vlOD;a&u oef; 20 avmuf &Sdw,f/ 'D oef; 20 avmufu wckckjzpfoGm;&if cHpm;&r,f/ 'gaMumifh 'Dped af c:rIukd tckuwnf;u jyifqifxm;zdYk vdw k ,f/ usaemf wdkY tm;eJYvnf; r&bl;/ tukefvHk; aygif;NyD;awmh oGm;zdkYvdkw,f/ tJ'Dvdk oGm;zdkY twGuf tck BuHKawGUae&wJhjyóemu bmvJqdkawmh zsm;emaewJh jyóemu wck? zsm;ae&muae usef;rmvmatmifvkyfzdkYu wck? NyD;&if oefpGrf;vmatmif vkyzf u Ykd wck tqifo h ;kH qifh jzpfaew,f/ zsm;emwmudk t&ifu&k r,f? usef;rmvm atmif vkyf&r,f? usef;rmNyD;&ifvnf; oefpGrf;atmif vkyf&r,f/ vkyfr,fqdk&ifvnf; apmapmuajymwJh pGrf;tifu ygvmw,f/ tJawmh 3E vdYk usaemfwYkd ajymygw,f/ wpfu pD;yGm;a&;¶NzdK;wd;k wufatmif b,fvv kd yk rf vJ/ 'Du@xJu2050 rSm ypfwikd ;f axmifjzpfr,fq&kd if pD;yGm;a&;eJY vdu k af vsmnDaxG jzpfwYJ pGr;f tifukd ¶NzdK;atmif b,fvv kd yk rf vJ/ tJ'gawGeYJ vdu k af vsmnDaxG jzpfwhJ ywf0ef;usif? 'Drl0g'awGudk b,fvdkajymif;rvJqdkwJh 3E nDñGwfrIaygh/ 'Drl0g'awG nDñw G af tmifvyk zf Ykd vdyk gw,f/ 'gudak wmh aemuf aqG;aEG;r,ft h ydik ;f usrS qufNyD; aqG;aEG;ygr,f/ n

56

OD;atmifolNidrf; MODERATOR

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'g½dkufwm c&pöwD;em;cD

'g½dkufwm c&pöwD;em;cD panelist

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59

jrefrm 2050

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Myanmar 2050

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61

OD;atmifolNidrf; MODERATOR

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a':at;at;0if;

a':at;at;0if; panelist

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65

jrefrm 2050

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66

OD;atmifolNidrf; MODERATOR

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pdkif;ñGefYvGif

pdkif;ñGefYvGif panelist

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69

jrefrm 2050

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Myanmar 2050

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71

OD;atmifolNidrf; MODERATOR

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a'gufwmpdk;xGef;

a'gufwmpdk;xGef; panelist

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75

jrefrm 2050

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Myanmar 2050

usaemfar;wJah r;cGe;f u wtm;rsm; ½d;k aevm;ayg?h vGaJ ewm ayg/h aumif;w,fvYkd ajymwJt h csed rf mS bmaumif;vJ usaemf rodbl;/ ckeu ajymwJh tajccHawGaygh/ pm;0wfaea&;u wu,fa&m ajyvnfaeNyv D m;/ iwfawmhriwfMubl;ajym Muw,f/ 'gayrJh riwf½HkeJY jynfhpHkNyDvm;/ vli,fawG&JU tem*wfua&m wu,f&Sd&JUvm;/ tJ'D ar;cGef;u ar;p&m&Sdw,f/ vli,fawGudk OD;pm;ay;w,f ajymwmyJ/ awmifolv,form;awGudkvnf; OD;pm;ay; w,f ajymwmyJ/ v,form;awG tjrJwrf; ydkufqH&Sd? tck vnf;&S?d aemifvnf; ydu k q f &H zdS yYkd J BudK;pm;w,f/ b,fawmh rS ta<u;u rausEdkifbl;/ tJ'aD wmh b,fawmhrsm;rS usaemfwYkd aumif;rvJ rod bl;aygh/ trsKd;orD;awGudkvnf; OD;pm;ay;w,f ajymMu

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77

jrefrm 2050

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78

OD;atmifolNidrf; MODERATOR

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OD;rif;Zif

OD;rif;Zif panelist

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81

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Myanmar 2050

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83

jrefrm 2050

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84

OD;atmifolNidrf; MODERATOR

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OD;atmifolNidrf; MODERATOR

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q&mawmfOD;aombdw

q&mawmfOD;aombdw panelist

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91

jrefrm 2050

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92

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Myanmar 2050

qdw k hJ jA[®p&kd w f &m;av;yg;eJY wnfxm;ygw,f/ 'gaMumifrh v Ykd Ykd jrefrmawG&UJ vkyEf ikd f pGr;f &nf wefz;kd awG? vªprG ;f tm; t&if;tjrpfawG? pdwyf ikd ;f qdik &f mawGu jrifNh yD;om; jzpfw,f/ uÇmay:rSm Munfv h u kd v f &Ykd &Sd if wu,fah rwåmppfeYJ cspfwwfwv hJ rl sKd;[m uÇmay:rSm jrefrmqdkNyD; a<u;aMumfvdkY&w,f/ aemif 2050 rSm 'Dwefz;kd awGukd wnfaqmufvYkd r&bl;vm;/ &ygw,f/ tJ'v D kd wnfaqmufzt Ykd wGuf tcsed , f &l rSmu ESpaf ygi;f 20 ygy/J 2020 txd xm;vdu k af wmh/ a<u;aMumf&if;eJyY J tcsdeu f ek o f mG ;NyD/ usKyfwYkd 'Dvykd J xm;vdu k Mf uawmh/ yxrtqifh u bmvJqakd wmh vkyif ef;pOfwckukd ajymif;vJwahJ e&mrSm rjzpfrae vdt k yfygw,f/ a<u;aMumf&if;eJY arQmfvifch sufawG &d&S r,f/ arQmfvifv h Ykd r&vmbl;qd&k if? vlawGu bmvky&f rvJqakd wmh ud, k u hf , kd u f , kd t f m;xkw&f r,f qdw k hJ todpw d "f mwfawGukd OD;aqmifvIHYaqmfolawG? bmoma&;vIHYaqmfolawGu ajymjyay;zdkYvdkygw,f/ ud, k u f , kd w f ikd f arwåmw&m;udk rwnfaqmufbeJ YJ olrsm;udk arwåmrQcsifvYkd r&ygbl;/ udk,fudk,fwdkif Nidrf;csrf;rIudk rwnfaqmufbJeJY olrsm;udk Nidrf;csrf;a&;

93

jrefrm 2050

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Myanmar 2050

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95

OD;atmifolNidrf; MODERATOR

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q&mr*sL;

q&mr*sL; panelist

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99

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100

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Myanmar 2050

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101

jrefrm 2050

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Myanmar 2050

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aumif;aomp½dkufeJY 0ef;usifrSm &dSaewJhol[m aumif;wJhp½dkufaMumifh Nidrf;csrf;wJh tjyKtrlawGudk zefwD;rSmyg ...

103

OD;atmifolNidrf; MODERATOR

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a'gufwmxGef;ol&ouf

a'gufwmxGef;ol&ouf panelist

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107

jrefrm 2050

vlBuD;awGuawmh t&ifvlawGudk tjypfwifr,f?

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108

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Myanmar 2050

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109

jrefrm 2050

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110

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113

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114

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Myanmar 2050

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115

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117

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2/

obm0 cHEikd &f nfcEH ikd pf rG ;f tm;rsm;xde;f odr;f jcif;(Nurturing nature for Resilience)/ ,if;tcsuf wGif aoG;pnf;nDñGwfrIjzifh t&if;tjrpf ydkifqdkifcGifhqdkif&m tcGifhta&;rsm;udk tm;jznfhay;jcif;? wm0ef0wå&m;rodwwf ysufuGufaom pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;udk uefYowfjcif;? vlrIa&;ESifh obm0ywf0ef;usif qdk;usKd;rsm;udk avQmhcsjcif;wdkY yg0ifNyD;? odkYrSom MuHhMuHhcdkifEdkifaom touf arG; 0rf;ausmif;rIrsm;ESifh a*[pepfwnfNidrfrIudk ydkrdktm;aumif;aprnf jzpfonf/

3/

ql;ajimifhcvkwfz,f&Sm;jcif; (Uprooting spike)/ EdkifiHom; jynfolrsm;\ tmPmcGeftm;udk jr§ifhwiftm;ay;jcif;? tysufoabmaqmifonfh tiftm;pkrsm;udk [efYwm;jcif;jzifh? taESmifh t,Sufrsm;ESifh qlnHoHrsm;udk z,f&Sm;jcif;tm;jzifh? 'Drdkua&pDenf;us tkyfcsKyfrIpepf tajccHudk wnfaqmufapjcif; jzpfonf/

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pGrf;aqmif&nfacsmufurf;yg; wHwm;xdk;jcif; (Bridging the capacity deficit)/ vkyfief; vkyf aqmif&mwGif tcuftcJrsm;udk z,f&Sm;jcif;tm;jzifh? ckcHrIrsm;ESifh pdwfysuftm;avsmh&rIrsm;udk oufomaprnf/ tedrfhqHk;jzpfaom jynfolvlxk aumif;usKd;csrf;om (public goods) oabm vkyfief;rsm;? 0efaqmifrIrsm;udk jynfolrsm; cHpm;&&SdEdkifrnfjzpfonf/

5/

qufvuf xdawGUqufqH tjyKoabmaqmifjcif; (Democratizing engagement)/ EdkifiHawmf ESifh EdkifiHom;jynfolrsm;tMum; ydkí oefpGrf;tm;aumif;aom qufqHa&;ESifh EdkifiHom;wdkY yg0if aqmif&GufrIudk jzpfaprnf/ tusKd;pD;yGm;csif; xdyfwdkufawGU&jcif;rsKd; a&Smif&Sm;Edkifrnf/ xdyfwdkuf wd;k onfh y#dyu©rsm;udv k nf; avsmhenf;usqif;aprnf/ tajymif;tvJtay:vnf; ydík ,HMk unfrI &Sdaprnf jzpfonf/

OD;atmifolNidrf; MODERATOR

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'g½dkufwm c&pöwD;em;cD

'g½dkufwm c&pöwD;em;cD panelist

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124

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Myanmar 2050

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127

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128

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a':at;at;0if;

a':at;at;0if; panelist

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132

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Myanmar 2050

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135

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136

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pdkif;ñGefYvGif

pdkif;ñGefYvGif panelist

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139

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140

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Myanmar 2050

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141

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OD;atmifolNidrf; MODERATOR

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a'gufwmpdk;xGef;

a'gufwmpdk;xGef; panelist

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145

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146

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Myanmar 2050

tMum;rSmvnf; owif;tcsuftvuf rQa0wm vkyw f ahJ e&mrSm ydNk yD; jrifv, G v f m w,fvdkY jrifw,f/ usaemfwdkYtaeeJY jyóemu ta&SUu aqG;aEG;olawGvnf; ajymoGm;Muw,f/ ynma&;aygh/ vuf&dS EkdifiHhacgif;aqmifu ynma&;udk tqifh jr§ifhzdkY ajymw,f/ ynma&;udk tqifhjr§ifhwhJ[mu bmudk b,fvkd jr§ifhrvJqdkwm uvnf; jyóemvdjYk rifw,f/ usaemfwq Ykd rD mS ½kyyf ikd ;f qdik &f mudo k mG ;wm rsm;w,f/ usaemf rSwfrdoavmuf NyD;cJhwJh tpdk;&vufxuf? or®w OD;odef;pdef tpdk;& vuf xufrSm ynma&;bwf*suf wdk;atmifvkyfawmh? olu vG,fw,f/ b,fvdkvkyf vkdufovJqdkawmh t&ifwkef;u GTC awGu odyÜHeJY enf;ynmatmufrSmAs/ tJ'D [mukd ynma&;atmufudk xnfhvdkufawmh bwf*sufu wdk;oGm;w,f/ tJ'g vG,v f , G af v;/ acgif;pOf ajymif;vdu k w f maygh/ aemufawmh bmawGvyk v f ?J awGv U J qdk&if ½kyfydkif;qdkif&mjzpfwJh taqmuftODawG aqmufw,f/ usaemfwdkYawG e,f a&mufawmh wuúodkvfrSm ausmif;om;u r&dSbl;/ taqmuftODudk xyfxyf aqmufw,f/ 'DESpf pDrHudef;? aemufESpf pDrHudef;udk Munfhvdkufw,f/ ol jyw,f/

147

jrefrm 2050

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Myanmar 2050

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149

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150

OD;atmifolNidrf; MODERATOR

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Myanmar 2050

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155

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Myanmar 2050

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158

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OD;atmifolNidrf; MODERATOR

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2050 rSm om,mvSywJh jrefrmEdkifiHBuD; uÇmhtv,frSm jzpfwmudk jrifapcsifw,f qdk&ifawmh udk,fh&JUwefzdk;awGudk avQmYcsrxm;bJ EdkifiHtwGif;rSm&SdMuwJh wdkif;&if;om; nDtpfudkarmifESrawGtm;vHk; pkpkpnf;pnf; nDnDñGwfñGwfeJY wa,mufudkwa,muf qJwmawG &yfzdkYvdkygw,f/ n

q&mawmfOD;aombdw

q&mawmfOD;aombdw panelist

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163

jrefrm 2050

a&S;acwfu rnforl Q qJqjkd cif; r&Syd gbl;/ 'DuaeY 2017¼18 udk a&mufvmwJt h cg awmh Ak'¨bmomvdkY trnfcHxm;aom yk*¾dKvfrsm;udk,fwdkif? jrefrmEdkifiHom;rsm; udk,fwdkif rdrdwdkY&JU bmom? ,Ofaus;rI? jrefrmh"avh xHk;wrf;pOfvmrsm;udk wefzdk; rxm;wwfwJhtwGuf 2050 rSm jrefrmEdkifiH&JU Ak'¨bmomtajctae[m xdef; ausmif;wnfhrwfNyD; roGm;bl;qdk&if ,kwfavsmhoGm;EdkifwJh taetxm;wck &Sdyg w,fvdkY &J&Jwif;wif; ajzyg&ap/ Message wckudkay;yg qdk&ifawmh 2050 rSm jrefrmEdkifiHBuD; om,mvSywJh EdkifiHBuD; uÇmhtv,frSm jzpfwmudk jrifapcsifw,fqdk&ifawmh udk,fh&JUwefzdk;awG udk avQmYcsrxm;bJ jrefrmEdik if t H wGi;f rSm&SMd uwJh wdik ;f &if;om; nDtpfuakd rmifErS awGtm;vHk; pkpkpnf;pnf; nDnDñGwfñGwfeJY wa,mufudkwa,muf qJwmawG &yfzdkYvdkygw,f/ Argument vdkY ac:wJh jiif;cHkjcif;[m jyóemudk jzpfapwwfwJh twGuf tjyeftvSeaf v;pm;rIeYJ tjyeftvSef em;vnfrw I ckukd wnfaqmufomG ; r,fqdk&if 2050 rSm jrefrmEdkifiH&JU Ak'¨bmomtiftm;[mvnf; xdyfwef; jyef a&mufvmrSmjzpfovdk jrefrmEdkifiH&JU EdkifiHa&;jzpfpOf? vlrIa&;? pD;yGm;a&;awG[m vnf; uÇmBuD;eJY &ifaygifrwef;Edik &f ifawmif tem*wf vli,frsKd;qufopfawG&UJ o,faqmifrt I m;aMumifrh v Ykd Ykd tar&duefw?Ykd Oa&mywd?Yk tm&Swu kd u f awmifu&kd ;D ,m;wdkY? *syefwdkYvdk EdkifiHrsKd;awGudk odyfNyD;awmhrS acgif;armhNyD; Munfhp&mrvdkyg bl;vdkY ajzMum;yg&ap/ n

164

OD;atmifolNidrf; MODERATOR

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q&mr*sL;

q&mr*sL; panelist

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167

jrefrm 2050

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168

OD;atmifolNidrf; MODERATOR

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tem*wf 2050 rSm atmifjrifzdkYqdkvdkY&Sd&if usaemfjzpfcsifwJh usaemfhtdyfrufuawmh Knowledge Hub aygh/ Innovation Hub jrefrmvdkajym&if Innovation, Knowledge qdkwJh tm;vHk;Mum;xJrSm jrifvmatmif? Mum;vmatmif vkyfcsifw,f/ n

a'gufwmxGef;ol&ouf

a'gufwmxGef;ol&ouf panelist

usaemfajymwm em;vnfrIvGJrSmpdk;vdkYyg/ tvkyftudkifr&Sdwm r[kwfygbl;? olwdkYvkyfr,fh tvkyftudkifonf tcktcsdefrSm r&Sdao;wm/ tvkyftudkif trsKd; tpm;opfawG jzpfvmvdrfhr,f/ usaemfwdkY ynma&;pepfrSm ausmif;om;awGudk jyifqifay;&rSm/ tckr&Sad o;wJh tvkyt f opfawGukd vkyEf ikd zf Ykd usaemfwu Ykd oifay; &r,fqdkwJh? jyifqifxm;ay;&r,fqdkwJh t"dutcsufudk ajymwmyg/ 'kwd,tcsufuawmh Zawgyi Unicode aygh/ Unicode eJY Zawgyi udk usaemf t,f'DwmrSwfcsuf a'gufwmxGef;ol&oufonf Myanmar Information Technology Pte. Ltd. \ trIaqmift&m&SdcsKyf jzpf ygonf/ ¤if;onf jrefrmEdkifiH uGefysLwmtoif;csKyf\ wGJzuftwGif;a&;rSL;vnf; jzpfygonf/

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OD;atmifolNidrf; MODERATOR

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OD;0if;rsdK;ol

OD;0if;rsKd;ol panelist

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175

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177

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178

OD;atmifolNidrf; MODERATOR

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'g½dkufwm c&pöwD;em;cD

'g½dkufwm c&pöwD;em;cD panelist

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182

OD;atmifolNidrf; MODERATOR

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a':at;at;0if;

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185

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187

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pdkif;ñGefYvGif

pdkif;ñGefYvGif panelist

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191

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192

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Myanmar 2050

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193

OD;atmifolNidrf; MODERATOR

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197

jrefrm 2050

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usaemfwdkYqDrSm Mobile Coverage

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199

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201

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208

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209

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ISP-Myanmar China Desk

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China-Myanmar Economic Corridor (CMEC)

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Bella Cosmetics and Personal Care

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jrefrm 2050

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240

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Myanmar 2050

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tem*wftwGuf jrefrm tqifoifhjzpfNyDvm; Lessons from Yaw Min Gyi’s Zayat: Is Myanmar Prepared to Meet Future Challenges? atmufwdkbm 19 &uf? 2019 ckESpfwGif jyKvkyfcJhonf/

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tem*wftwGuf jrefrm tqifoifhjzpfNyDvm; IS MYANMAR PREPARED TO MEET FUTURE CHALLENGES?

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pmcsKyfcsKyfNyD;aemufydkif; ...

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aemfarOD;

aemfarOD; panelist

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263

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265

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266

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OD;atmifolNidrf; MODERATOR

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a'gufwmaZmfOD;

a'gufwmaZmfOD; panelist

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269

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IS MYANMAR PREPARED TO MEET FUTURE CHALLENGES?

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271

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IS MYANMAR PREPARED TO MEET FUTURE CHALLENGES?

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280

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317

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318

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IS MYANMAR PREPARED TO MEET FUTURE CHALLENGES?

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IS MYANMAR PREPARED TO MEET FUTURE CHALLENGES?

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329

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330

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a'gufwmaZmfOD;

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333

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334

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IS MYANMAR PREPARED TO MEET FUTURE CHALLENGES?

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IS MYANMAR PREPARED TO MEET FUTURE CHALLENGES?

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IS MYANMAR PREPARED TO MEET FUTURE CHALLENGES?

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380

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IS MYANMAR PREPARED TO MEET FUTURE CHALLENGES?

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OD;atmifolNidrf; Moderator

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rvSvS0if; Panelist

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OD;atmifolNidrf; Moderator

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OD;atmifolNidrf; Moderator

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tem*wftwGuf jrefrm tqifoifhjzpfNyDvm;

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a'gufwmaZmfOD; Panelist

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tem*wftwGuf jrefrm tqifoifhjzpfNyDvm;

ykNd y;D tm;aumif;vmrSmjzpfw,f/ rNird ;f csr;f wJah 'oawGtwGuv f nf; pHerlemjzpfp&m awG trsm;BuD;&dw S ,f/ 'gaMumifh 'Dupd [ ö m apmifah ep&mrvkb d ;l / ¶NzdK;a&;vkyjf cif; tm;jzifv h nf; Nidr;f csrf;a&;ukd taxmuftuljyKEkid w f ,f? ¶NzdK;a&;u pEkid &f ifvnf; pzkdY 'gukd wkdufwGef;csifwmjzpfygw,f/

OD;atmifolNidrf; Moderator

aemfarOD;twGuf ar;cGef;&dSygw,f/ ar;xm;wmuawmh toufay;NyD;awmh umuG,fcsifavmufatmifjzpfapr,fh pH wefzkd;awGu bmawGjzpfrvJ/

aemfarOD; Panelist

tm;vkH;twGufawmh usr pum;ajymvkdYr&bl;/ usr&JUwa,mufpm t,l tqeJaY &m? jynfaxmifpu k dk vkcd sifw,fqw dk hJ vlawG? usrodwv hJ al wG&UJ t,ltqeJY qk&d if enf;enf;av; rSe;f ajymMunfw h mjzpfw,f/ jynfaxmifpu k dk wnfaqmufcsif &wJh taMumif;&if;u rwlwv hJ al wG &daS evdjYk zpfw,f/ wlwv hJ al wGyq J &dk if jynfaxmif pk wnfaqmufp&mawmif rvkdbl;/ rwlwJht&mawG? rwlwJh ,kHMunfrI? rwlwJh bmompum;awGeYJ vlawG pkpnf;NyD;aewJh Ekid if u H dk wnfaqmufr,fqadk wmh usr 402

IS MYANMAR PREPARED TO MEET FUTURE CHALLENGES?

wkdY jynfaxmifpkukd pOf;pm;Muwm jzpf w,f/ tJ'jD ynfaxmifpu k dk pOf;pm;wJt h cg jynfaxmifpkukd rSm Nidr;f csrf;pGm ,SOw f aJG exkid zf t Ydk wGuf wnfaqmufcsif&wJh qkd&if ukdrif;ZifajymcJhovkdyJ? usrwkdY taMumif;&if;u wef;wla&;ukd tajccHzkdYvdkw,f/ jynf rwlwJhvlawG &dSaevdkY jzpfw,f/ axmifpk&JU zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'rSm 'D wlwJhvlawGyJqkd&if wef;wla&;ukd >cif;csurf &dS tmrcHxm;zkYd jynfaxmifpk vkdw,f/ 'gu jynfaxmifpk&JU pHwefzkd; wnfaqmufp&mawmifrvkdbl; ... jzpfovk?d wnfaqmufr,fh Ekid if aH wmf&UJ pHwefz;dk vnf; jzpfzv Ydk w dk ,f/ bmjzpfvYdk vJ qkad wmh ckid rf mwJh jynfaxmifpjk zpfzv Ydk o dk vd?k ckid rf mwJh Ekid if aH wmfjzpfzv Ydk nf; vkd w,f/ tJ't D cg rSm usrwk&Yd UJ zGpUJ nf;yk[ H m 'Dpw H efz;dk awGut dk ajccHwhJ zGpUJ nf;yHjk zpfr,f qk&d if 'gu usrwk&Yd UJ pHwefz;dk jzpfw,f/ zGpUJ nf;yku H u dk muG,w f ,fqw dk m pmtkyw f tkyf ukd umuG,fwmr[kwfbl;/ usrwkdY&JU pHwefzkd;ukd umuG,fwmjzpf&r,fqkdwJhtcg tJ'DzGJUpnf;ykH[m usrwkdY&JU pHwefzkd;ukd tajccHwJh? a&mifjyef[yfwJh xif[yfay:vGif apwJh pHwefzkd;jzpfoifhw,fvkdY usruawmh ,lqwmjzpfygw,f/ aemufwcku bmjzpfvkdY 'Dvkdajym&wmvJqkdawmh zGJUpnf;ykHu 'Dvkd tmrcH xm;wJh zGJUpnf;ykHr[kwfbl;qkd&if? usr c&D;oGm;&if;eJY Myanmar National Airline &JU 71 ESpfajrmuf tcrf;tem;udk zwfvdkuf&w,f/ zwfvdkuf&wJhtcsdefrSm 71 ESpf ajrmuf ESpyf wfvnfukd bke;f Bu;D qGr;f uyfNy;D tvSL'gejyKw,fayg/h usru tJ't D crf; tem; ESpyf wfvnfudk MunfNh yD; 'D[mu Ekid if aH wmfyidk af vaMumif;qkw d m av,mOf xGuw f meJY av,mOfrLS ;u *kP, f 0l if<h um;pGmajymw,f/ ajymwJt h cgrSm usrwku Yd ausauseyfeyfBuD; cHpm;&w,f/ 'g[m EkdifiHawmfykdif avaMumif;vdkif; jzpfw,f/ 403

tem*wftwGuf jrefrm tqifoifhjzpfNyDvm;

'gayrJh usrwkYd Ekid if aH wmfBuD;u bmomrsKd;pk?H ,Ofaus;rIrsKd;pk?H uk;d uG,, f MHk unfwhJ bmomrsKd;pkH &Sad ewJh Ekid if aH wmfBuD;u (ydik q f ikd w f )hJ Ekid if aH wmfyidk af vaMumif;&JU ESpf ywfvnfu bmomwckudk tav;xm;NyD;? txl;jyKNyD;awmh azmfjyaew,fqw dk m tJ'Dudpöu usreJY rqkdifawmhjyefbl;/ usr ajymcsifwmu usrwkdYu wef;wla&;? ukd,fykdifjy|mef;cGifh? vGwfvyfpGm uk;d uG,, f MHk unfciG ?hf 'grsKd;awGjzpfw,f/ OyrmtaeeJY usrwkYd Ekid if aH wmf&UJ tajccH pHwefz;dk ? jynfaxmifp&k UJ pHwefz;dk awGvYkd oabmxm;NyD;awmh 'Djynfaxmifpk zGpUJ nf;ykH tajccHOya'txJrSm 'gawGukd aoaocsmcsm tESpfom&&dS&dS jyef|mef;Ekdifr,f qk&d if usrwkeYd q YJ idk w f ,f/ jynfojl ynfom;awGvnf; ,kMH unfw,fq&dk if 'D zGpUJ nf;ykH ukd usrwkdYu umuG,frSmjzpfw,f/ bmjzpfvkdYvJqkdawmh usrwkdYu zGJUpnf;ykHukd umuG,w f m? pmtkyu f dk umuG,w f mr[kwb f ;l ? usrwk&Yd pUJ w H efz;dk ukd umuG,w f m jzpfygw,f/

OD;atmifolNidrf; Moderator

'Dwcg ar;cGe;f u OD;vSarmifa&TtwGuf jzpfygw,f/ jrefrmh Nidr;f csrf;a&;jzpfpOftwGuf wzufrmS vnf; aqG;aEG;yGaJ wG quf vky?f wzufuvnf; jyefNyD;awmh ukpm;rIvyk w f hJ udprö sKd;awGudk vnf; zefwD;ay;r,fqkd&if tajctaeaumif;awG jzpfEkdifyg ovm;? Oyrm¼ ajr,m jyefvnfppD Ofay;wmawG? IDPs jynfwiG ;f 'kuo © nfawGudk jyefvnfae&mcsxm;ay;wmawG? tjcm;rl0g' awG ponfjzifh 'Dvadk qmif&u G af y;r,fq&dk if ykNd yD;awmh aumif; rvmEkdifbl;vm;vdkY ar;xm;ygw,f/ 404

IS MYANMAR PREPARED TO MEET FUTURE CHALLENGES?

OD;vSarmifa&T Panelist

tJ'v D kd vkyaf y;Ekid &f ifvnf; aumif;w,f/ 'gayrJh ckeu q&mraemfarOD; aqG; aEG;ovkrd sKd; wcsKdaU e&mtqifah wG[m tJ'aD vmuftqifah wG a&mufrvmao;bl;/ qkv d w dk muawmh wzufew YJ zuf aqG;aEG;wmawmh [kww f ,f/ 'gayrJh Ekid if w H um rSm usifo h ;Hk aewJ[ h mawGu aumif;wmawG&aSd yr,fh usaemfwu Ydk , dk w f idk u f 'gawG ukd vufcHusifhokH;zkdYqkdwJhtqifhukda&mufzkdY Level wef;u vlawG &dSraeao;bl;/ 'gayrJh aocsmwmu IDPs udpu ö tck aqG;aEG;aew,f? ajymaeMuw,f/ wzufu IDPs udpöukd ukdifwG,c f sifw,f/ tjcm;wzufuusawmh r[kwb f l;/ qkdvkdwmu &nf&G,fcsufukd taumiftxnfazmfwJhae&mrSm ykHpHrsKd;pkH&dSw,f/ tJ'DykHpHrsKd;pkHrSm usaemfwkdY pOf;pm;wJhtay:rSm rlwnfNyD;awmh tukefvkH; 'DrSm tqifoifhrjzpfwm awGvnf; &dSao;w,f/ usaemf owdxm;rdwmu &SpEf pS w f mumv Nidr;f csrf;a&;jzpfpOfajymwJt h xJrmS tckcsdeftxd enf;enf;cufwJh[m&dSw,f? tqifoifhjzpfwJh[mawG &dSw,f/ ckeu ajymwJh wef;wlnDrQrIudpöeJY ywfoufwJh[mukdajym&if tNrJwrf; rwlwJh½Iaxmifh jzpfaew,f/ 'gu xdv, G &f v S , G w f o hJ abmrsK;d jzpfawmh avmavmq,frmS a&Sw U ef; rwifbeJ YJ aqG;aEG;vk&Yd wmawGudk a&Sw U ef;wifaqG;aEG;&if;eJyY J wcsderf mS awmh oifh awmfwhJ ae&mwckawmh a&mufEidk w f ,f/ 'gaMumifh ckeu ar;cGe;f uawmh tckcsucf si;f vkyEf idk zf q Ydk w dk mxuf 'gukd pdwu f ;l xm;NyD; vkyEf idk w f t hJ ajctaerSm vkyzf Ydk qkw d mrsKd; &dSaeygw,fvdkY ajzyg&ap/ 405

tem*wftwGuf jrefrm tqifoifhjzpfNyDvm;

OD;atmifolNidrf; Moderator

ukrd if;ZiftwGuf ar;cGe;f &dyS gw,f/ a'oqkid &f m jyóemeJY ywfoufwahJ r;cGe;f jzpfygw,f/ 'DrmS pmeJaY &;xm;wmuawmh jrefrmEkdifiHtaeeJY zuf'&,fpepfusifhokH;&ef jzpfEkdifygovm;/ jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;&zdkY zuf'&,fu tajzwck jzpfEkdifygo vm;/

OD;rif;Zif Panelist

ckeu rdwfaqGar;wJhar;cGef;udk usaemfuawmh av;pm;pGmeJYyJ oabmxm; uGv J cJG sifygw,f/ bmjzpfvv Ydk q J adk wmh usaemft h jrif ajymr,fq&dk if ]wkid ;f &if;om; awGu Nidrf;csrf;a&;rvkdcsifbl;/ tdrfeD;csif;awGu zdtm;ay;vkdufwmeJY vufeuf csoGm;rSmyJ}qkw d t hJ jrif[m awmfawmfav; awmufawmufcg;cg; jyif;xefw,fvYdk xifygw,f/ orkdif;rSmjyefMunfhvkdufr,fqkd&if wkdif;&if;om; vufeufukdifvIyf&Sm;rIawG ay:vmwmuvnf; wu,fwrf;usawmh ckeuwef;wla&;tay:rSmyJ tajccHyg w,f/ 'gayrJh jynfwGif;ppf&JU oabmobm0t& wm&SnfvmwmeJYtrQ jyóem awGu ykdNyD;½IyfaxG;vmygw,f/ jynfwGif;ppfrSm b,folrS tjypfuif;w,fvkdY 406

IS MYANMAR PREPARED TO MEET FUTURE CHALLENGES?

rxifbl;/ 'gayrJh usaemfu wkdif;&if; om;ta&;ukd axmufcHwm rltm;jzifh axmufcHwmjzpfw,f/ Oyrm¼ KNU yx0DEkdifiHa&;jzpfwJh tiftm;BuD;xGm;jcif;[m u&ifvªtzGJU tdrfeD;csif;EkdifiHawGuawmh tpnf; tiftm;BuD;xGm;jcif;eJY xyfwl usaemftNrJajymaeus uscsifrS usvdrrhf ,f/ usaemf axmufcH pum;&dSw,f/ usaemfwkdYukd wmu u&ifvªtzGJUtpnf; tiftm; zsufvkdYawmh&w,f?

BuD;xGm;jcif;eJY u&if vªtzGJUtpnf; jzpfatmifvkyfay;vkdYawmh *kPfodu©m&dS&dSeJY ¶NzdK;wkd;wufa&;ukd r&bl; ... axmufcHwm jzpfw,f/ tJ'D½Iaxmifht& ajymr,fqdk&if 'Drdkua&pDrSmvnf; tvm;wlygyJ/ 'Drdkua&pDrSm ygwDwck tiftm;BuD;xGm;a&;u usaemhf&nf&G,fcsuf r[kwfygbl;/ ArmhvªtzGJUtpnf;? ArmEdkifiH tiftm;BuD;xGm; a&;? *kPo f u d m© &Sad &;udyk J usaemfarQmv f ifyh gw,f/ 'gaMumifh rltm;jzifah jymr,fq&dk if wkid ;f &if;om;awGupNyD; vufeufuidk af wmfveS af &;awG vkycf w hJ muku d wef;wla&; jyóemjzpfw,f/ umvMumwJhtcgrSm usefwJhudpöawGvnf; trsm;BuD; ygvm wmukd todtrSwfjyK&r,f/ 'gaMumifh jyóemuvnf; ajz&Sif;& ykdcufygw,f/ yx0DEidk if aH &;jzpfwhJ tdref ;D csif;Ekid if aH wGuawmh usaemf tNrJajymaeuspum; &dw S ,f/ usaemfwu Ydk dk zsufvaYdk wmh&w,f? jzpfatmifvyk af y;vkaYd wmh r&bl;/ w½kwf yJjzpfjzpf? xkid ;f yJjzpfjzpf? usaemfwEYdk idk if &H UJ jyóem rajyvnfatmif zsufv&Ydk w,f/ 'gayrJh usaemfwkdYEkdifiH aumif;oGm;atmifawmh olwkdY vkyfay;vdkY&bl;/ usaemfwkdY ukd,fwkdifvkyfrS&r,fvdkY ,lqygw,f/ 'gu yxrar;cGef;eJYywfoufNyD; usaemfh&JU oabmxm;jzpfw,f/ 'kw, d ar;cGe;f u ckeuvnf; aqG;aEG;cJyh gw,f/ t"dutm;jzifh zuf'&,ftay: 407

tem*wftwGuf jrefrm tqifoifhjzpfNyDvm;

rSm ,kMH unfcsuf&x Sd m;NyD;om; wkid ;f &if;om;awGjzpfwhJ u&if? ucsif? csif;? u&ife?D rGefeJY tckaqG;aEG;aewJh[mrSm usaemfwkdYbufu &v'fxGufatmifvkdY 'DpepfBuD; [m tvkyfjzpfw,fqkdwm oufaojyzkdYvkdNyDvkdY xifygw,f/ tJ'guvnf; wjcm; aMumifh r[kwfbl;/ ckeu ukd&JajymcJhovdkyJ? *drf;u ajymif;vJoGm;NyD jzpfw,f/ ajrmufyidk ;f &JzU t d m; odyjf yif;vmwmeJt Y rQ zuf'&,fr[kwaf om tjcm;enf;rsm; qkw d m pNyD;ajymvmMuw,f/ 'gaMumifh usaemfw, Ydk MHk unfwhJ zuf'&,fudk axG;ayGU xm;Ekid rf ?S oufaojyxm;Ekid rf ?S 'gawmifrS tawmfcufygw,f/ usaemfwu Ykd uÇm ay:rSm tck[mu armf',fawGtukev f ;kH jyefvnfjyifqifae&wJo h abm jzpfaeyg w,f/ a':e,fx&rfq h v kd nf; tukev f ;kH ua,mufu,ufawG jzpfae&wJu h mv/ t*FvefrmS jzpfaewJh Brexit qdv k nf; tHMh op&m tifrwefaumif;w,f/ tck usaemf wdYk pHxm;wJh tdE, d´ awmifrS uuf&rfS ;D ,m;udprö mS ar;cGe;f xkwpf &m jzpfvmygw,f/ pydefvnf; BuHKae&w,f/ usaemhftjrifuawmh armf',fwckwnf;u usaemfwkdYEkdifiH&JU jyóemukd ajz &Si;f zkt Yd wGuf 96 yg;aysmufwahJ q; rjzpfEidk b f ;l / 'gayrJh zuf'&,fuawmh Bu;D pk;d aom? tm;aumif;aom? jyóemawmfawmfrsm;rsm;ukd ajz&Si;f Ekid af om taMumif;jzpfr,f vkYd xifygw,f/ usefwu hJ pd aö wGuawmh 'DEidk if rH mS aoewfr&dv S ?Ydk Ekid if aH &;ygwDr&dv S Ydk ajyma&;qkcd iG rhf &dw S hJ wkid ;f &if;om; rsK;d EG,t f i,fawG trsm;Bu;D &dyS gw,f/ vltenf;pk awG&[ UJ mukd oD;oeft Y cGit hf a&;ay;NyD; pOf;pm;wmrsKd;awGvnf; pOf;pm;&rSm jzpfyg w,f/ 'gayrJhvnf; BuD;pkd;aomtaMumif;tm;jzifh tajzay;Ekdifwmu zuf'&,f jzpfr,fvkdY xifygw,f/ 'gayrJh tcsdefuvnf; odyfr&dSawmhbl;vdkY xifygw,f/ cke u q&mausmf0if;ajymovkd tcsdeq f w JG modyrf sm;&if usaemfh wGucf sufru I aemuf xyf ig;ESpfuae q,fESpfavmuftxd 'DvkdrsKd;EkdifiHa&;u tDNyD; oGm;aer,f/ t&deS rf &daS wmhb;l qk&d if usaemf xifwmu zuf'&,f[m 'DEidk if t H wGuf ajz&Si;f csuf jzpfzYdk cufvmygvdrrhf ,f/ bmjzpfvv Ydk q J adk wmh wkid ;f &if;om; awmfawmfrsm;rsm;[m 408

IS MYANMAR PREPARED TO MEET FUTURE CHALLENGES?

1947 rSmwke;f u tvdrcf &H w,f/ tckvnf; igwYdk axmifacsmufxrJ mS ydwrf ad ew,f/ 'gaMumifh igwkt Yd wGuu f awmh tjcm;enf;a&G;wm ykad umif;r,fqw dk hJ ckeu Radicalization bufudk a&mufoGm;Ekdifygw,f/ 'gaMumifh usaemf wkdufwGef;csifwmu tm;vk;H aocsmpOf;pm;NyD; igwkYd 'DpepfeYJ tvkyjf zpfao;w,fqw dk mukd oufaojy ay;yg? tJ'DvkdoufaojyvkdY&dS&if usaemfwkdYroGm;csifwJh pepfrsKd;? usaemfwkdYEkdifiH ajrykaH jymif;oGm;Ekid w f hJ tajctaersKd;ukd jiif;qefz?Ydk wGe;f vSezf Ydk tcsderf aD o;w,fvYdk xifygw,f/

OD;atmifolNidrf; Moderator

usaemfwkdY pum;0kdif; odrf;&r,fhtcsdef a&mufvmNyD jzpf ygw,f/ usefwhJ ar;cGe;f wck usaemf ajzzk&Yd ySd gw,f/ bmjzpfvv Ydk J qkad wmh vuf&Sd a,mrif;BuD;Z&yfpum;0kid ;f ukd bmjzpfvYdk MRTV wk?dY Ekid if aH wmf½yk o f w H rYdk mS rvTiEhf idk o f vJqw dk [ hJ m&,f? 'gukd us,f jyefYatmif b,fvkdvkyfrvJqkdwJh[m jzpfygw,f/ usaemfwYdk 'D aqG;aEG;yGJ pum;0kid ;f awGu tvm;wl aemufxyf aqG;aEG;yGJawGjzpfvmzkdY wGef;tm;ay;csifwm jzpfygw,f/ [kd wavmu IRI &JU okawoewckxu G yf gw,f/ aemufwcg PACE tzGu UJ vnf; ppfwrf;wckvyk yf gw,f/ jynfoal wG t"du b,fu owif;&ovJvYkd ar;xm;ygw,f/ tJ'pD pfwrf;ESpcf v k ;Hk &JU azmfjy csufawGrSm jynfoltrsm;pku jrefrmhtoHu &ygw,f? MRTV u owif;&ygw,f/ 'kw, d wcku DVB uae owif;&ygw,f/ tckvuf&Sd usaemfwpYdk um;0dik ;f udk DVB ½kyo f v H ikd ;f uvTiyhf gw,f/ 409

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413

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414

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426

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ISP-Myanmar rS jyKvkyfcJhNyD;jzpfaom a,mrif;BuD;Z&yf pum;0dkif;aqG;aEG;yGJrsm; 1/

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Edk0ifbm? 2018 Zefe0g&D? 2019

Mo*kwf? 2018 pufwifbm? 2018

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rwf? 2019

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www.ISPMyanmarchinadesk.com

ISP China Desk onf jrefrmhr[mAsL[mESihf rl0g'avhvma&; tifpwDusK (ISP-Myanmar) \ vkyfief; pDrHcsufwck jzpfygonf/

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www.ISPMyanmar.com

Emerging Young Researcher Initiative (wufopfvli,f okawoetpDtpOf)onf jrefrmh r[m AsL[mESifh rl0g'avhvma&;tifpwDusK (ISP-Myanmar) \ vkyfief;pDrHcsufwck jzpfygonf/ jrefrmh rsufarSmufa&;&m tajctaersm;ESifhywfoufí ausmif;olausmif;om;vli,frsm; okawoejyKvkyf Edkif&ef ynm&yfydkif;qdkif&mtm;jzifhvnf;aumif;? aiGaMu;tm;jzifhvnf;aumif; ISP-Myanmar u yHhydk; ulnDay;onfh tpDtpOfwck jzpfygonf/

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wufopfvli,f okawoetpDtpOfESifh ywfoufNyD; xyfrHod&Sdvdkygu research@ispmyan mar.com odkY tD;ar;vfydkYí ar;jref;Edkifygonf/

Myanmar Quarterly Symposium

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