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SUNDRIES, ARTICLES,
CAMERAS
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SPECIALISTS
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TEr. 31435 1203 Near Ewrogte Hotel New
IN
SERVICE c
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SIAMESE THEATRICAT ART
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OF THE DTPAR{MENT OF FINE ARTS
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IV: The Sit'andawn River
ON SALE AT FRE - CONTROI FRICE ]OME AND SEE IT AND }IAVE IT DEMONSTRATED ,at
Y.
l.
E.
,ASSIA LTD.
632 Mahachai. l, - lO-
Road.
* The ugtostrophe u,fier the consonu,nts c, k,t p ancl t ,is llte si,(trt, o.f aspirution, (but af ter tlte uowel, t.t, ,it is the s,ig1n of a modift'cation sint'ilur lo umtant), "P'ra," is tlte honorif,t prr:f,red to the names o,f d,iu,ine 'haings and'
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nature rvakes at darvn to new life boisterously as it wero a sigrial for all men aDd women to wake up. and welcome life for the w-born clay with fresh and happy hearts ancl ready to attend to thoir work.
In a certain locality fair
NOTE:/xt,uled
These d,ances as uel,l,
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. NEW BO'OK For the Comparative Study of and the adaptation of western musical instruments for the cortect rendering of Siamese music
Siamese and western music
READ
SIAMESE MUSIC IN THEORY AND
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PRACTICE
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AS COMPARED WITH THAT OF THE WEST AND
A
DESCRIPTION OF PIP'AT BANI)
si.o-tAAVl
by
PERA CMEN D{J]RXYANG PUBLISHED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF FINE ARTS ONLYTOBAHT A COPY FOR SALE at,
the Booking Office of
WMW gT{"W and the
AWORN
WWW,NVWW
National LibrarY
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BOOKINGS TO AIiL DESTINATIONS
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,IN
tr,",ltIDnAiAND EUnOPE AOCEPTED. NEXT*DEPARTI,JRES:
:
6th April
ltr t
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beacl,dresses insteacl
'14th April
21st
,\,,
,,
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May
FOn,FU47.'EET,
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,
TNFORMATION APPLY
on r.y,r, THONE$Eil Se_ l|'lf
(BA]{OKlIK) ,'Wa,t
The
LIll.
,Yannawa Telephcnta 80985 or our Booking Agents:
Air
Booking Centre Tel t 30468
South East Asia Trading Co., Lttl', l
Sharma &, Co.
The masked play is a classica,l form of Siamese drama. Originally all t,h0 actors except buffoons antl those rvho impersonated rvomen wore rnasks, narrloly, hollow figures of clifferent shapes ancl colours being conventional represerttatiotts of the heails anil faces of ogres, monkeys, n]en and gods. But later on aci;orx playing the parls of men and gocls too took to wearing clowns or t,all pointetl
3048r 23239
of masks.
It is understood that the rnoveurents of the feet and the trunks of tho actors impersonating ogres and nronkeys were originaliy adopted from those of the fencers and of the persons who holtl up the leatlier figures while staging thtr Siarnese " Sl:ailow-play " (an a,ncient f orm of entert.ainment like " Wayang Put'vn'il " of Java) rn'tiile tbe movements of their: hands. n.rnrs. shoulclers and heads as wcll as all the nroven)ents of those who plav the parts of rnen, li'omen and gods hnvo been acloptecl from those of the n,ctors of cld Sianr.ese tlance-dramas and balletn. $faskecl plays have to mal<e usr, of music ancl'that, vocal and instrurnett{ir,l' has been borrowecl f rom drilrna, of thc "f,nl<'an'n-naio' type. The irrstrumenl,ir,'l mrrsic is provicled by one l<inrl o1] Siarnr:se orchestrtl ca,lled "Pip'at." These features of f,al<'awn-rrai and ihe ballet s'hich have made t,lro maskeil play more elesarlt thau hcfore mrrst have been adoptccl by the kings tlrrrrnselves, or by others uccording to the ideas of the former, r1'[ile the <]ranrl rvrrs confined to the cotrlt, Thr:refote rnashed plays 6f this ftind are knorn'n as "K'r'ilrrdng-nai," that is to say, " l\lfilsked plays ( I('rin ) rvhich resernble L?,k'a1yn-l11; j " or "Masked plays q,hicli the lring ma,iniains rvithin (nej) ther ro],al palace for Jrir.r amnsemenb," 'I'hc rnilsked plays I'i.hich ihe Deprrtrnent
of Fine Arts
tclrchcg
students to act antl arl'an{les to be stagetl, a::e 2}sr1 of l('on-rorrgl-nai type thorrgh llr<'v are clividecl into parls and provitlr:d n'ith scenerv appropriate io the places <lf actiotr and the events metrtioned in the siory. Recarrse of this new featule we m?r,v q.r,llt,lrrr masked play in its nr()'leln fornr "I('dn-C',ik," that is tosay, "Masked play provirlcrl with scenery", lis otl.rers ]rave cl<.'ne before.
Formerly the text, of a masked ;riay consisted of narrat,ion and ditlor;rro the narration in t'C'abang" al:!c1 "YEni" verses, and the clialogrie in Ra,.y-tt',rv", l,lliteriltive anil rhyruing liqes of u.nequal length. When certain feature$ of [ho rlllrrco.
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kintl of literary composition used with the masked plays too making their texts
rrlnir werc introclucetl into the masketl play, n
llr ] tl<oirrvn,nai
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art courposed ir"r many li terary forms,
'Ilhe narrations and dialogries aie recited and spoken not by the actors rrr:o tlrcy rvear rnasks rv]:ich prevent thenr from doing so) bui by son:ebody else. ." iurportant point in which tire rnasked piay rliffers from other forms of
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t'hcn sent worcl to his frienrl, Sett'asil.n, an ogre who rulecl at Asadrrng, arrd hin nephew, Virun-cambang, who ruled at C5,ru'k, They went to Langkd, with thoir armies to help 'f'osakan and carne to an understanding that Satt'dsrin and hig arlty should learl the attack. P'ra Rd,m \1'ho was inside his pavilion heard of that,. lir he asked Elanumd,n ancl Ongk'otn two monke-v-warriors of the first rank, to l<ill Satt'6sun by some trick so that rvhen tbe enemy hacl become weaker P'ra l.lfiut himself would lead his army out ancl fight with Virun-cambang,
Wtrile ilttencling a masked play one listens to pooi,rv in the forrn of narraof thr: .rctors, and sweet in'ittnoutal mrrsic whiclr nlarks time for the above, nud sees ncting of nrany types, rich tlili'er according to the class of each character, as well as the scenery. ns, aliiilogues, and sorrgs describing the rnovement$
Tfi{E EVENTS THAT A.[qE ACTLIATTV STAGED
SCENE
TIItrl I-lN'or\I'fPMltNT oF P'RA RAI{
Pti.ItT
The Story of the Play Retrospect
It, has been the custonr to stage as maskealplays only episodesfrom "Rdmavilrt" rvhich is a version of Rfr,rnii,5'rna, an Tnilian epic, cotnposed b-v oicl Siarnese t't,H irr confor:mit5' with Siamese literary technique. 'llhe major part of the Rdmakiyan relates to the werr betr,veen P'ra'ftfr,m ancl nther. P'raRb,ur anr:i P'ra Lakrvere r,llrcls irnd princes of Aydt2ayri, a.nd. T?tisakalt was the kirrg of the ogresof Langl<d,: Siii,mese
tlio rvar describeril in Homer's Illiad the one descriheil in Rt,rnahlyan o rvlls foug[t to avenge a woman.
t.
Inside a Favilion
P'ra lid,nr is in his pavili,:rn, inside the c'ncarnprnent, together with P'rn l,rr,lr aud tlre nronkey-chieftains, 'w*iling for rrews of the {ight belween Hanrrml.r,n anrl Ongk'ot on one side and Satt'irsnn on the o'rber. Then FlarrurnS,rr brings the hr'il{ of Satt'llsr,n. So P'rrr lllrn olclcrs Strk'r'i1t to gct the army r.eady as P'ra llirrr hirnself is going with it as the conarnander-in.chitrf to fighi Viruu-carnbang.
PAttT'
t'rt lrnk orr the one side and'f'osakan on the
rt l,lro Siarnese poets ha-;e Joadecl Pd,mahivan with the accountg of many :{lr)lilri iltxl m&nilel.s.
I:
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Outside the Pavilion
Snlr'rip, the king of the monkeyg ancl a comnrander of P'ra Rbin's alur.y gets it reaclSr. Then P'ra llarn atrd P'ra Liik insper:t t,be army and lead it to tlro battie-fieId.
LiI<e
P'ra Ram, Princess Sid5, his consort and F'ra Lak his younger brother '1',' plrretising arrsterities in the forcst. T'osrl<:rn heirrrl of the lrearrty of Princesg rlJ. Therr he abdtctecl her an<l kept her confinerl ,within his garden at Langkd,. lrr 'llii,rn, P'ra Lak, Suk'rip (the tring of monlreys) anrl his army utalchecl towards rrrrlltii. Now a prince of l,he ogres namecl P'ip'6k r.rho was skillecl in astrology il rvilq an votrr)ger broiher of T'osakan rvas exitrecl by the lat,ter. So P'ip'6k took lrrjtt, ri'irlr P'r'l Rirn and P'r'a Lal<, T'osakan sc,nt his a.r'rnv against P'r'a Rd,nr rrrrv lirrrt+t lrut, it rvas clefeated on every occasion and many of tlie soldiors ancl .ro I lrc rclnlivcs of T'o-qalran rl.-ho were the commanders-in-chief , anil othc'r lirr.l'g 1lip11 on the field of battle, T'osakan, howover, had relatives antl fliends ol,lrcr'1olvns" $n lre obtained their help but they tooweregetiingkilled, T'osakan
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SCENE
II : TIIE
BA1'rLE-I'IELD
with a epear and Iias a charger uantecl "NirrlilIIe p'Ahu" wl-rich is iris favouritc;. is able to become invisible together with hin mount. On his way to herlp Eatl'dstn he learns thai t,he latter has been killcrl lr1, the enemy and becomes very ant{ry. Tl:en he marc]res on and when he corn{rg across the arory of P'ra R6,rn ho orders the van of his own to attack the en(:ury, IIilun-ca,nr'L;alig is ll,rmed
Virrrrr-cambarig's s,.ritliers ale worstr:cl. So Iie uiakes hiurself and his horse invisilrlc ancl, unperceived excopt for i,lle clash of his lveap<in anil of the hooves o1' lrig horse, Iie continues to figlrt against tire anny of P'ra Ranr till the monkc5r-soltlit:rg are pnt to fligbt.
P'ra R,i,rn l,hcn consul[s P'ip'ek, the eruinent astrologer. The ]atter oxpJirirrn ancl advisee P'ra Ram to kilf Virnn-cambang with his arror,vg. P'ru, situation th'e
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rh thon 6ho0ts 'the "P'rommd,t" (an arrow imbueA with the might of God tlrrna, the Firsb.Person of the Hinclu Trinity) at the ogre and.r his mount. tsut r.rrn-ca,rnbang does not tlie and when he finds his favourite charger bas been llcil by the arrow, ho lamonts over it out of pity ancl regret. When he realizes s l)osil,ion, however, ho grows apprehensive for his safety. So rrnwincling his r,barr and making a puppei out of the clobh, he changes it' by magic, into a rrrlrle of hirnself and puts his spoar into its hancls. Then he runs away to the
cursed anil that if she has the opportunity to meet Ilanumd,n and show hinr tho way to go and kill Virun-cambang, sbe will be freed from the curso arr(l will return to heaven, Hanumf,n, who is disguised as a manr then discloses his iderrtit,y. N5,ng Vflnarin refuses to believe him because the crrrse had saicl I{anrrmfrn was tt pon'erful rnonkey and not a man. So he has to display his strength arld changtr himself back irrto a monkey. After that Nii,ng Vinarin believes him ancl retttrrts his love. Then she tells hini rvhere Virun-cambang is hiding.
rrgl<ir,t mo'.rntain.
Hanurnf,u dearly loves Ni,ng V5,nrrin lrrrt he is urindful <lf the woll< entrrrsted to him by his master, So he contruls himself, hulries tr-, the nrouth of the cave ciLrr.yirrg Ning'Vinrlin in his arrrrs irrrd thlou's her u1l so {hat slrc llo:rt$ up to heaven. Hanlrmfut then hastens io the Sit'andarvn river irr pulsuit rlli
SCENE III : THIJ ANGI{I.I MOUUTATN PAR'I' 1. The Interiou of the Cave A heavenl!' damsel was entrusted rvith the work of lighting t'he lamp irr . rturlir:nce-hall of God Isavcrrr. The ia,rnp werlt out, and God Igavon $ent fnr her. It, tlle dam$el, who was engt'ossed iri chatliug with her friencl, did not light the 1rl). So God Isavon cursecl her to be born on earrth as NEng Vanarin ("Tire rt.o1 of the Monkel's") and live alone in a cavtl in the Angkit mountain till she lrrltl tell Hanumd,n, who woulil be sent by P'ra Ram to kill Virun'cambang, Ir,'rc tu firrd tirat ogt'e.
When Virun-cambang actuatrly goes to't'he cave, fleeing f rom P'ra RS,m ancl rit'*r(,lr of a hitling-place, he mccts Nung Vfr,nariIr anr-l mlkes love to her. But qirite safe and consults Nd,ng VS,narin 1,11 11. gro'wS afraicl that the cave is not, Ir.r.. )rer can hicle with safety. She advises hirn to hide himself in the Sit'andawn v(j!'. 'I'hen Vilun-catnbaug takes leave of her. P
ARL'
2.
Virurr-carnlrarrg.
IV:
SCENE
Vilurr-cambang goes to tlic' Sr-t'andarvn in a hurrlt artd anxiously sear"clring finds a bubble rvlrich he considers suitable. IJe then retlucostlro a hitling-placo for size of his lrotly to t,lrirt of arr atom ancl ]ritles himself inside that Lnbbie. Slrortly after: that Hanrrmfr,rr rlso r,eirc,}es tliat locality anrl, searchingthe bubbles a,pproacllrcu the orie in which Viltur-catnl)irng is trritling. Finding Hanurniin alrrost touchirtg him, Virun-caurbang jrrrnps otit, antl kiclrs the former hoping to gain an advani,ttfttt over hinr l:J' a surprise attaclr. 'fhoy l,hen fight rvith each other and Virun-camlratlg
is killed.
The Fovest on the Slope of the Mountain
A@/
whei are the d.ope'ndants of Nang Vfr,narin and are out ,t,lr.r,irrg i'rriits for fheir mistress, rueet with Hanumi,n who is iu pui'suitof Virunrrrlrlrrrg, Ilanuurfi,n learns frorn them that there is a bearrtiful woman insidc. the ,v(). So he changes himself into a handsome man. But the nature of a monkey sutilr that erven thoirgh it chariges its sbape iuto tbat of a man however handsome, (,:r.r.i, lrclp belraling according to its simian irrstinct e'ven when it rni.tke$ love rr brlut,i[u] wotuan as will. lle seen later.
6 Eil srg
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