22%
BRIEFING DOCUMENT TIFFANY CHAN 4201706
1
2
Content
01
THE EXHIBIT 1.1 Concept 1.2 Cities Profile
02 03
11
RESEARCH 2.1 Context
27
2.2 Site
33
2.3 Precedents
43
APPROACH
51
3.1 Site Analysis 3.2 Programme 3.3 Room Size Study 3.4 Room Book
04
5
57 63 69
REFLECTION 4.1 Critical Reflection
73
4.2 Bibliography
79
3
4
1.1
The Exhibit Concept
5
CONCEPT Housing is an important topic, almost everyone lives in an accommodation of some sort, whether it’s a house, a flat, an apartment, a bungalow, a studio or a mansion. We all have different perspectives on housing because of where we have lived in and grown up knowing. In project 2, I have been exploring the quality of the spaces in between buildings in the Gold Lane Estate. It is important now that I analyze the quality of the interior spaces within housing. People have many views on the Barbican Estate, it is new for some, but it feels very familiar to me as I live in Hong Kong. While visiting an apartment at the Barbican, questions were raised about why people would pay such a high price for a small space to live in. Although this is not a problem in London at the moment, it is a very relatable general issue in Hong Kong and many places around the world. The shortage of land is a big issue in Hong Kong, creating a recent trend of living in ‘cage homes’, cubicle apartments, roof-top houses and small sub-divided and partitioned units. As people want to live in a prime location in the city, people are willing to pay a lot of money to live in lower quality spaces. I would like to reconstruct these spaces as an exhibition at the site within the Barbican, showing the living conditions in human scale so people can experience the full impact. The aim of the exhibition is to open up people’s minds about what the ‘home’ is about and raise the issues about the global ‘housing crisis’.
Project 2 Pavilion ‘Celebrating Chamberlain Powell and Bon’
6
The image shows a cubicle room around the size of 4m2 with 3 inhabitants. I feel it is a powerful image to recreate as an exhibit in the museum, as it shows many important issues of housing in the city. By creating a set with the considerations of spatial qualities, materials, environment and structure. There is a struggle with storage, there is a low allowance of personal items as most will be shared. As half of the room is used for storage, there is only about 1m x 0.5m space for circulation and activities and half of the doorway is covered. The furniture within the room are mostly temporary, the multifunctional table they are using to eat on is foldable, it is not a suitable height for dining. The cooking equipment is limited, there is only one stove and a small space for preparation for food near the window. They are watching a small television hidden within the storage space on the left side. The main structure in the room is the Ikea design wooden bunk bed, there are 3 people meaning 2 people have to share a small single bed. There is a major problem with the environment and health, due to the poor ventilation, many cubical residents suffer from respiratory disease. As you can see, the whole family cooks and eats in the same room with no extractions. They are lucky enough to have these aluminium framed single glazed windows considering most of these rooms do not contain windows because of the way the rooms are divided. They would share a bathroom with many other residents so the hygiene levels are low, illness and diseases would spread very easily due to the lack of space. There are many social issues within this type of housing, stressful relationships with neighbours and disagreement with landlord, causes mental illness.
7
GLOBAL CITIES The 20th Centruy is the is the age of economic globalization. For the first time in history, more than half of the earth’s population is living in urban areas. More people are moving into the economic center to make money, the cities become crowded, quality of life becomes an issue in urban planning. In the 21st Century, we are faced by many challenges, these involves social, political and economical. Many architects, urbanists, politicians and policy makers constructively plan the infrastructure and development to promote a better social and economic life for its citizens. Business consists mainly of the production of specialized information services Global Cities are an important node in the global economic system. Rather than the term ‘megacities’ which only focuses on being a metropolitan area with a high population, ‘Global Cities’ also deals with economic, cultural, political engagement, international trade, businesses which are the causes of a high population. Global cities offer business consists mainly of the production of specialized information services. Face to face communication encourages agglomeration in the city. Dealing with a large population density, there is pressure for housing in the city. Suburbia is no longer just a residential community. In developing countries, slums are in place which is a high concentration of poor quality housing with poor sanitation. Highly uneven service provision contributes to social polarization, it creates a boundary between developed and less developed areas. As the issue of quality of housing is not only a problem for Hong Kong but for many cities around the world, For it to be recognized globally and to limit the exhibition I chose to study 6 other cities that are discussed in The Endless City by Ricky Burdett, Deyan Sudjic. Over the course of two years, a group of internationally renowned professionals from a variety of different disciplines and backgrounds gathered together in six world cities to take stock of the new urban condition and to offer an approach to dealing with it. Each city has their own functions, business, cultural reputations, with a different background and government, there are different ways of dealing with housing.
ANGHA SH I
BERLIN
C
CITY
MEX I
O
L O ND ON
8
RK NE W Y O
N NESBU
R
G
A OH
J
NG KON G O H
Chosen Cities
A.T. Kearney Global Cities Index, 2014 Note: Values are calculated on a 0 to 100 scale. Source: A.T. Kearney Global Cities Index
9
10
1.2
The Exhibit Citiy Profiles
11
HONG KONG 12
Hong Kong
Area: 1,140 km² Population: 7,234,800 Density: 6,544 /km²
Hong Kong is an international city, it has an interesting culture and historical background. Previously being a British colony until 1997, now it is a Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China, it holds it’s own government and has it’s own currency. It is well known for its economy. It is an attraction for migration in the Aisa pacific. The shortage of land and large population of Hong Kong has led to a struggle on housing. The less privileged communities are living in poor conditions due to high housing prices. Young people at the beginning of their career cannot afford to buy but having to rent properties for most of their lives. This leads to a pressure on public housing, already as densely built up as it is, they are continuously building but it is still not enough. Many houses in the rural areas are asked to be taken down for higher developments. These houses are generally passed down the family generations and it is heart breaking to be forced to move out. As one of the richest cities in Asia, the richer communities are using flats to make money, by having many properties, meaning less chance for other people to own a property. For people who are less fortunate, especially for new immigrants, they will have to live in a small affordable poor quality home and as for the upper class, they will be living in a large apartment on the peak with a view of Victoria Harbor.
In this Jan. 25, 2013 photo, 77-year-old Yeung Ying Biu sits partially inside the cage, measuring 1.5 square meters which he calls home
A $220,000,000 HKD equivalant to $28,200,428 USD Luxurious house on the Peak
13
LONDON 14
London
Area: 1,572km² Population: 8,538,689 Density: 5,432 /km²
London is a leading global city, it has a diverse range of people and cultures, it is one of the most populous cities in Europe. London was the world’s most populous city from around 1831 to 1925. Land Registry figures for England and Wales show that house prices tripled in the 20 years between 1995 and 2015. London’s 43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education institutes in Europe, many are very well known specialized university and consists of many international students. Not all University provide accommodation for students, therefor finding an accommodation is very difficult for students as they have no income. Commuting will be the only way around it, finding somewhere further away from the city center. This also leads of overcrowding in houses by creating more bedrooms to accommodate more residents. There are many historic buildings in London so there is less reconstruction works. As residential buildings are quite low in London, they often go underground. Living underground that has no windows can lead to depression as there is no natural light, ventilation is also an issue. It is not healthy, it is often unhygienic attracting rats.
A basement room with no natural lighting and inadequate ventilation in a property in East Ham containing 26 people. Photograph: London Borough of Newham
An apartment in the Shakespear tower of the Barbican with a view of Central London.
15
NEW YORK CITY 16
New York City
Area: 1,214 km² Population: 8,491,079 Density: 6,994 /km²
New York is the top global city in the world, it is an international center for commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment. Wall street is the most powerful financial center in the world, situated in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan. It has a great impact on the city, as the most economically powerful city. New York also struggles with affordable housing, on average, New York City residents spend nearly 60 percent of their income on rent. The increase of housing is rising much faster than income, many working class struggle to find an affordable home. It has become such an issue, there is an exhibition on at the Museum of the City New York, from September, 2015 to February, 2016 on ‘Affordable New York: A Housing Legacy’, tracing the past, present, and future of subsidized housing in New York City. It is sponsored by the Ford Foundation and co-presented by the Citizens Housing & Planning Council and the New York State Association for Affordable Housing. There is always development works in New York as it is a fast moving city. For the city to handle the housing situation, and many have asked to move to a smaller apartment in public housing.
Miguel Polanco Jr., 4, and his sister Genesis Aramboles, 12, played in the living room, where Genesis has a bed, in their one-bedroom apartment at the Betances Houses in the Bronx. The family has been waiting for a larger apartment for years, while a four-bedroom sits vacant next door.
A palatial home in Manhattan rents can range from $30,000 to a $60,000 a month
17
MEXICO CITY 18
Area: 1,485 km² Population: 8,918,653 Density: 6,000 /km²
Mexico City
As the capital of Mexico, it is an important cultural, educational and financial center. Mexico City is the largest Spanish speaking city in the world, Mexico city has a poor governing background therefor struggling in quality of life and security in communities. This metropolis also presents serious environmental problems, Mexico City is one of the most polluted cities in the world. Poor air quality is bad for the inhabitants’ health, it is now encouraged to use public transport and bikes to reduce pollution in the city. Due to an aging population with a higher life expectancy, and the human development index is rising which means many are in education, this means a greater pressure on the working class to provide a home for their families. For a better living, they would move to the city in hope for better job opportunities but it is often unprepared so they struggle to find a place to live. A few Kilometers away from the city centre, Neza-Chalco-Itza in Mexico City, is a Ciudad Perdida, rated as the world’s largest mega-slum in 2006, extending to the outskirts. People built their home wherever they could find a space, generally poor infrastructure using non durable materials. Children are playing on roads exposed to traffic, contaminated run off, dust and pollution. Compared with other slums in the world, this is considered more urbanized, most inhabitants have access to basic amenities such as concrete roads, parks, sewage. This is due to the government’s attempt to upgrade and urbanize settled slums during the 1970s and 1980s. Although they have basic amenities, there is a still a high population density, high crime rate and poverty.
The children of a family in the slum groups to watch TV
Pent house at st. regis residences, Mexico City $2,590,000 USD
19
SHANGHAI 20
Area: 6,340 km² Population: 24,256,800 Density: 3,800 /km²
Shanghai
Shanghai is the largest city in China in population, it is controlled by the People’s Republic of China. Historically because of its location next to the East China Sea, it became a financial center. It is a large city, although it has so much land, there is a lack of housing and it is all concentrated in the city center. Shanghai is a transport hub with the world’s busiest container port so it holds a large amount in containers which people use as homes. The lack of housing has led to people living in ‘Container Villages’, people would rent a container for their family , they are paying about 500 yuan (£50) per month. They are equip with doors, water, electricity. The Door is also a window where the opening is. The richer communities live in a large apartment in the center of Shanghai with a balcony, where they are served by maids. They usual have a large, high ceiling living/dining room where they hold meetings and parties to show off their social status.
Family living in a container in Shanghai
People stand on the balcony of the penthouse apartment on the 42nd floor of the Tomson Riviera in Shanghai.
21
BERLIN 22
Berlin
Area: 892 km² Population: 3,562,166 Density: 4,000 /km²
Berlin is the capital of Germany, it is a city of culture, politics, media and science. It is a specialized city known for IT, pharmaceuticals, biomedical engineering, clean tech, biotechnology, construction and electronics. The city has a high quality of living. Between 1924 and 1933, there were14000 residential units built, they were row houses with large living spaces and modern amenities. At the time, the row-house strategy was great, this was to provide healthy living to the city’s poor. By 1950 these row houses were no longer a practical solution to Berlin’s housing needs, as it is a low density housing with low occupancy and cannot handle the rise in population. Just 66,000 new flats and houses were built in large cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants in 2014 out of a total of 245,000 new builds, that was 50 percent short. Berlin alone will need 20,000 new homes every year from now until 2020 to keep up with demand, although just 8,744 were completed in 2014. Recently, the population growth in Berlin is affected by immigrants from Europe, it has also become an attraction to young people in the country. This resulted in a low amount of affordable housing. Berlin is only experiencing the rise in housing prices in London 10 years ago and it may follow its footsteps and continue to struggle.
An apartment located in the Neukölln area of Berlin, spacious but lacks quality furniture, it is very bare
Soho Hotel, Berlin. Even hotel rooms are excessively big, the difference in luxury living is there is better furnishing
23
JOHANNESBURG 24
Area: 334.81 km² Population: 957,441 Density: 2,900 /km²
Johannesburg
Johannesburg is South Africa’s economic hub. It is the second largest city in Africa. As a developing country, it struggles with providing quality housing for the poor, it is constantly improving the standard of city but there is a big difference between wealthy and poor. The problem in Johannesburg is not th lack of space, is the lack of money for a big development. There is an enormous economical and social contrasts where skyscrapers are right next to shanty towns. There is a huge issue with inadequate housing, the informal settlements and backyard shacks. Wealthy and middle income households are in the residential neighborhoods, poor (mostly black) neighborhoods have remained in the low income townships. They are very well bonded communities encountering with their neighbors, children playing together. There has been 1.7 million houses built since 1994, the demand for housing is constantly increasing due to population growth, in-migration, urbanized households and increase in child- headed households as sa result of the HIV/ AIDS pandemic. This is happening in many developing countries, that even single sex hostels, for migrant workers are overcrowded with 4-8 living in the same room. Hostels have been converted to family homes but the conversion is expensive and many cannot afford the accommodation.
Reginal enjoys snack at home in a slum in Samampelo, Johannesburg, South Africa
An exclusive residence set in the heart of Sandhurst $3,583,502 USD 60 000 000 ZAR
25
26
2.1
Research Context
27
28
Context- London London is where my idea started, right at the Barbican. London is also one of the chosen cities, it is only right to place my site here in the heart of London. As it known for its diverse range of people and cultures, this is a great location for it on the international aspect. I have chosen central of London where it is most densly populated. It is busy so many people will get to visit it, especially for toursits. There are many museums in that area and people tend to visit many museums in a day so hopefully people will find it worth while to visit.
29
Old Street Station
Golden Lane Estate
Barbican Station Farringdon Station
Barbican Smithfield Market
Moorgate Station
Museum of London
St. Pauls Station
City Thameslink
30
St Pauls Cathedral
Bank of England
Bank Station
Context- London
MUSEUM OF LONON SMITHFIELD MARKET ST PAULS GOLDEN LANE BANK OF ENGLAND BARBICAN Museums & Art Galleries Residential Temporary residents (hotels) Boarder between Islington and City of London
31
32
2.2
Research Site
33
YMCA
Breton House
Private Gardens
Barbican Exhibition Halls Bunyan Court
Ben Jonson House
Beech Gardens
Bryer Court
John Trundle Court
Cromwell Tower Frobisher Crescent
Ben Jonson Place
Defoe place
Barbican Station
Sculpture Court Shakespear Tower
Defoe House
Barbican Centre
Lauderdale Tower Lauderdale Place
Barbican Estate Office Seddon House
Guildhall School of Music and Drama
Lakeside Terrace
Lambert Jones Mews
Lake
Private gardens
Private Gardens City of London School for Girls
Gilbert House Brandon Mews St Giles Terrace
Thomas More House Mountjoy House
St Giles Church
Sports Ground The Postern Wallside Ironmongers Hall
Londond wall Barber Surgeions Hall
Museum Of London
34
Speed House
Andrews House Moorgate Station
The Barbican The Barbican is a residential estate built close to the centre of London. The estate is now a residential community in the heart of London for people working in the city. The estate was commissioned by the City of London Corporation and designed by architects Chamberlin, Powell and Bon as part of a utopian vision to transform an area of London left devastated by bombing during the Second World War. It is a prominent example of Brutalist architecture and as of 2001, it has become Grade II as a whole complex. The reasoning given for the listing of the barbican estate is as follows: “It has been designated a site of special architectural interest for its scale, its cohesion and the ambition of the project. The complex is architecturally important as it is one of London’s principal examples of concrete Brutalist architecture and considered a landmark.� The estate was built between 1965 and 1976. It includes two schools and a theatre. The estate was officially opened in 1982 by the Queen, who called it one of the wonders of the modern world. It is now home to around 4000 people living in 2014 flats. The Barbican Estate offered a new vision for how highdensity residential neighbourhoods could be integrated with schools, shops and restaurants, as well worldclass cultural destinations. There is a clear distinction between private, community and public domains within the estate and its design allows priority for pedestrians throughout the site. I chose to work on this site because is an important residential figure in London, it is also culturally engaging.
Site Options
35
36
Option 1 - Lauderdale Place This site goes all the way around Lauderdale tower, it would make my building very spread out or I could use only use a small part and built upwards. This site gives an enclosed feel next to the tall towers, the scheme could be elevated but is it uncomfortably close to residents of the Lauderdale Tower. Lauderdale place is a comfortable place for people to walk round and is a nice break from buildings, if I place my building there, it may be uncomfortable for the residents. It is very close to Barbican station, if it is high, it could be seen from the Barbican Station and become a landmark. It will only take less than 5 minutes to walk to the site from the station.
37
38
Option 2 - Sculpture Court This Site is an interesting shape, could be very theatrical with its surroundings. It is surrounded by Frobisher Crescent, in order to give the building some space so it is not too intimate with Frobisher court, it would have to be built higher up. Frobisher Crescent was designed as flats but later became offices for the arts center and the London Symphony Orchestra. A shopping arcade was planned for the covered areas at podium level beneath the Crescent but this was never carried out. This is a central location of the Barbican where everything happens, it would would be very much integrated within the Barbican. It is next the barbican centre which already holds exhibitions. Would this make museums too concentrated? It is also quite difficult it access, you have to go around the Barbican.
39
40
Option 3 The existing building is MoretonSmith which is an international debt collection company. As it is not very relevant to the site, it could be be relocated elsewhere. It is within 2 buildings so it will still have an enclosed in feel to it but there is a open landscaped area in front of the building, which can provide a grand entrance. It will still be a part of the Barbican with the tower opposite it. It is a more generous and comfortable site than others. The front of the building could be used as the luxury rooms and the back where it is more enclosed will be used as exhibitions and the poor condition rooms. It is very Close to Barbican station, it can be seen from the walkway. It is very simple to reach. For it to fit in with Bryer Court and Ben Jonson House, it would be very hidden.
41
42
2.3
Research Precedents
43
Hong Kong Museum Of History This is one of the museums I grew up knowing, I would visit this museum all the time when I was a child. It is an engaging museum, it leads you through time with 1:1 Exhibits, it recreates scenes, streets, shops from the past. This way of exhibition is very literal, it is simple to follow so you won’t get lost and the whole exhibition makes a lot of sense. Everything is like a film set that people can get involved in, many places are made for interactive photo opportunities. The exhibits are very well crafted, most replicas are made with the real materials. It considers all aspects of flooring, lighting, wallpaper as well as furnishing. In some of the scenes, it would show people doing a certain type of activity with background music and background sounds to bring it to life, for example sounds of cheering when getting married, an old woman singing on the boat. It doesn’t feel like a typical museum as it is so lively, with trees and plants in the building. There is ramp access all the way around the museum and lifts so it is easy to get around. The lighting is quite dim in the museum but lighting on the exhibits makes it stand out. This approach can be used in the ‘experience living’ spaces in my museum, where people can stay in the place for a day to experience what it is like to live in those conditions.
44
45
Keith Wilson- S1 Artspace Sculptor Keith Wilson has installed a galvanized steel sculpture in Sheffield. This structure, constructed from multiple cubic units, represents the familiar monthly calendar grid system. The shelf-like units of Calendar present a flexible, permeable form for the temporal display of myriad found or donated objects. Each unit holds the potential to be filled with significant events, appointments and reminders, or simply left empty. As one of the exhibitions in my museum, I could have a similar structure with the rooms in each cube as a metaphor for the ‘cubicle housing’, using a dolls house approach, making a it into a small scale so you can see range of different types of rooms.
46
Le Corbusier- Pavilion de L’ Esprit Nouveau The Pavilion de L'Esprit Nouveau was a temporary building constructed in 1925 within the framework of the International Exhibition of Decorative Arts in Paris. e “Pavillon de l’Esprit Nouveau” was accordingly designed as a typical cell-unit in just such a block of multiple villa-flats. It consisted of a minimum dwelling with its own roof-terrace. Attached to this cell-unit was an annexe in the form of a rotunda containing detailed studies of town-planning schemes; two large dioramas, each a hundred square meters in area, one of which showed the 1922 “Plan for a Modern City of 3,000,000 Inhabitants”; and the other the “Voisin Plan” which proposed the creation of a new business centre in the heart of Paris. On the walls were methodically worked out plans for cruciform skyscrapers, housing colonies with staggered lay-outs, and a whole range of types new to architecture that were the fruit of a mind preoccupied with the problems of the future. The pavilion is composed of four floors for a total of 16 meters in height. The upper part of the exhibition shows the country. The following people. The third below the job. The area below summarizes these three conditions and presents the products.
47
Ai Wei Wei Prison Exhibition This is a very interesting exhibition and a great example of what I want to do. This is an exhibition on Ai Wei Wei’s time in prison. He made each room as a diorama with activities, to really get you engaged in what it was like in there. The title denote Supper, Accusers, Cleansing, Ritual, Entropy and Doubt, which refer respectively to eating, interrogation, showering, walking, sleep and using the lavatory. The Exhibits are shown in 1:2, this scale is big enough to include all the small details without wasting materials to make it real life size. There are set up viewing holes that people can look into and gives an interesting perspective of a security camera when taken photos of. When you look in the box, you are so close, the intimacy makes it feel like you are in the situation, he was trying to express paranoia and distress experience viewed as a security camera. The diorama itself is an exhibition itself in the space, they are made a rusty colour to show dirt and the size of the boxes are all the same to show standardization of prisons.
48
49
50
3.1
Approach Site Analysis
51
52
Chosen Site I chose this site as I think it is the most suitable to my scheme. I can work my way around the tower, it is a constricted site but it goes with the theme It is a great location as it is easy accessible and simple to get to from the Barbican Station and Moorgate station, even to walk from Farringdon it wouldn’t be very far. It has 2 entry different levels, the ground level from Beech street and the elevated level so there can be many different entrances into the building, the ground is very flat so it is easy to work with in terms of topography. The issue would be there is a car park underneath so the building cannot be too heavy or have foundations
53
54
55
56
3.2
Approach Programme
57
58
The Programme The idea of ‘The Living Museum’ is through the exhibitions, visitors will experience and gain knowledge about the Global Housing Crisis. The Museum will be hosted by the City of London for education purposes. The idea of the design is to have a central atrium as you enter where there will be information on housing in general and how is affected globally, then there will be 7 entrances to enter, each of the cities I have chosen. In each city, engaging exhibitions will be held displaying ‘the rooms’ from the photos. The other route to take is the ‘living museum’ where the replicas of the room or the type of housing is made and people can stay in there for a day and the visitors become an exhibit. The idea of the museum is you get to experience living in such conditions using the senses- sight, hearing, smell, touch and taste. There will be opportunities for visitors to use the environment to cook the food of that city.
59
Every Museum Needs
5 68 0
Every Hotel Needs
59 61
62
3.3
Approach Room size study
63
Djanogly Gallery, Nottingham
15m²
19m²
10m²
32m² 6m²
Lecture Theatre 195m²
40m²
Museum Collections Resource 45m²
Galleries Collection source 53m²
Museum 143m² 40m²
12m²
64
Collections Resource Centre 26m²
18m²
18m²
M w/c 15m² Gallery 222m²
Learning Studio 66m²
F w/c 12m² 4m²
2m² 3m²
4m² 17m²
Gallery 75m²
n Re-
21m²
18m²
11m²
Gallery 127.5m²
Cafe 150m²
Function Room/ Reception/ Shop 180m²
6m²
8m²
Kitchen 24m²
65
Toilets
Contemporary
Eames
Djanogly
66
Exhibition
Storage
Cafe
Educational
Services
Shop
67
68
3.4
Approach Room Book
69
HOUSE KEEPING
W.C.
HOUSE KEEPING LIVING EXHIBITION
LIVING EXHIBITION
GALLE
W.C.
GALLERY EXHIBITION
SH AN
CIRCULATION
HOUSE KEEPING
GH
W.C.
AI
LIVING EXHIBITION CIRCULATION
HO N G KO NG
CLO
ENTRANCE HALL/ TICKET OFFICE
HUB/ ATRIU
HOUSE KEEPING
W.C.
SHOP/
N
EXHIBITION
LIVING EXHIBITION
L
GALLERY
STORAGE
O D ON
CIRCULATION W.C.
EXHIBITION 70
C
RECEPTION
GALLERY
STORAGE
N E W YORK CITY
STORAGE
CAFE
STORAGE EXHIBITION
ERY
HOUSE KEEPING LIVING EXHIBITION
STORAGE
CIRCULATION
ARCHIVE GALLERY
STORAGE
OAK ROOM LOCKERS CIRCULATION
J
RG U B NES N A OH
CIRCULATION
EXHIBITION
W.C.
CLEANING
UM
PERMENANT EXHIBITION
MEX ICO RL BE
/ LIBRARY
CITY
STORAGE
IN
GALLERY
EXHIBITION
STORAGE
CIRCULATION
GALLERY W.C.
EXHIBITION
CIRCULATION
HOUSE KEEPING
W.C. LIVING EXHIBITION
LIVING EXHIBITION HOUSE KEEPING
71
72
4.1
REFLECTION Critical Reflection
73
Panoramic collage of my grandparent’s home
74
Self Reflection Housing has been a massive topic for Hong Kong recently, it is constantly on the news, there are so many problems related to it. It is a problem that affects my family personally, my grandmother, grandfather and my uncle lives in a small public housing flat. As my uncle had a stroke a year ago, he can’t handle big movements therefor my 80 year old grandfather has to climb up to the top bunk everyday. My grandmother has her own ‘room’ with walls made out of cupboards. The place is a mess because of the amount of personal items with lack of storage, there is hardly any room for movement. Before I chose this topic, I only understood the problems related to housing in Hong Kong but it is happening in many cities around the world. I have learnt a lot not only about housing but on the cities themselves through the research in this project. In the 7 cities, I have only been 4 of them myself, London, New York, Hong Kong and Shanghai. Although some of the cities are experiencing the same issues, they are dealing with it differently, through different housing policies with their political backgrounds. Every place has it’s own feeling to it due to their culture, the architecture and place. Personally I truly believe traveling is the best way to learn, to really understand why people are the way they are because of the environment they live in. You don’t get the same feeling you get in experiencing it through mass media. For people who live in more rural areas such as the countrysides are not so understanding and can be quite close minded, the same goes to those who have stayed in cities all their lives. Many are not lucky enough to travel around the world to see these situations. Through this museum, I am hoping to make more people acknowledged about theses problems that we struggle with in the world.
75
76
Design Reflection Through designing, I have made a few changes to the brief, mostly in the program, I have made it less complicated, instead of having many different exhibitions on each city, there will only be the room showing the issues that is displayed. To compare it to the luxury housing, the Barbican site does the job, by bringing in the entrance to the exhibition through the Barbican, this made a very strong point. I found that colour coding each city became very helpful in displaying the project. Initially I chose the option 3 site but that was very big and too spacious for this project, the choice of Lauderdale place was very suitable, next to the tower and bounded by people’s flats to create that uncomfortable feeling of being enclosed and invading privacy. The design is a tower with pods of each city that you can walk around the room in and there will be actors or researchers that live in that space for people to view in. The rooms are arranged so that the city with the lowest population density is at the bottom and the highest at the top. Japan is a leading housing solving country, it’s capsule living is very popular, many travel to stay in these capsule hotels. I think it is a great idea to bring this into the project as this will help fund the exhibitions, these hotels are cheap and convenient for people, it includes the basic living needs. This is also a great way for visitors to experience what it feels like to live in a small space. The material choice and the structure really helped me through designing by creating a frame that slots in the pods, there are so many ways to arrange the bamboo with to create different atmospheres. It allowed me to bring in the maze like design from project 2 and make the connection between the projects. Bamboo is a very strong material and brings a cultural reference in as it is not used much in Europe. Overall, I have kept the key concepts of this project and developed it into something very exciting and interesting, it is simple but strong. I hope this allows people to be aware of the housing situations in the world
77
78
4.2
BIBLIOGRAPHY
79
Bibliography 2010. The Endless City: The Urban Age Project by the London School of Economics and Deutsche Bank’s Alfred Herrhausen Society. Reprint Edition. Phaidon Press Pamela E. Swett, 2004. Neighbors and Enemies: The Culture of Radicalism in Berlin, 1929-1933. Edition. Cambridge University Press. 2012. Museum Making: Narratives, Architectures, Exhibitions (Museum Meanings). 1 Edition. Routledge Paul von Naredi-Rainer, 2004. Museum Buildings (Design Manuals). 1 Edition. Birkhäuser Architecture.
Websites https://www.barbican.org.uk/media/upload/visitor%20information/129WalkThrough-barbican.pdf http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2300153/The-forgotten-families-migrant-workers-forced-live-shipping-containers.html http://thelifeintheslum.weebly.com/ http://www.mcny.org/sites/default/files/Affordable%20New%20York%20Press%20Release%20FINAL.pdf http://www.africafiles.org/article.asp?ID=24844 https://lsecities.net/publications/books/the-endless-city/ https://lsecities.net/media/objects/articles/mexico-city-housing-and-neighbourhoods/en-gb/ https://lsecities.net/media/objects/articles/johannesburg-housing-and-neighbourhoods/en-gb/ http://news.nationalpost.com/news/overwhelmed-by-a-critical-housing-crisis-hong-kongs-poorest-residents-forced-to-live-in-metal-cages http://www.scmp.com/comment/insight-opinion/article/1699405/what-housing-crisis-hong-kong?page=all http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-28377740 https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/exhibition/ai-weiwei https://royal-academy-production-asset.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/00adeea4-2828-421c-9c9e-1a935b01ca0b/AWeiwei_final_lowres.pdf https://www.s1artspace.org/programme/keith-wilson/ http://www.fondationlecorbusier.fr/corbuweb/morpheus.aspx?sysId=13&IrisObjectId=5061&sysLanguage=en-en&itemPos=44&itemCount=78&sysParentId=64 https://en.wikiarquitectura.com/index.php/L’Esprit_Nouveau_Pavilion
80
Images http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3YynMaCitlE/UQBngE2BehI/AAAAAAAAAcQ/D5AQXidG534/s1600/Dasymetric+map+blogger.png http://news.nationalpost.com/news/overwhelmed-by-a-critical-housing-crisis-hong-kongs-poorest-residents-forced-to-live-in-metal-cages http://www.theguardian.com/society/2015/jun/25/overcrowding-housing-raid-26-living-three-bedroom-east-london https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Barbican_Estate_-_Sculpture_Court,_Frobisher_Crescent_and_Cromwell_Tower_01.jpg http://www.detail-online.com/fileadmin/blog/uploads/2011/10/x4_Maggies-footprint.-Barbican-OMA-Progress.-Lyndon-Douglas.jpg http://media.rightmove.co.uk/dir/72k/71134/46485173/71134_BAR130125_IMG_00_0001_max_656x437.JPG http://li.zoocdn.com/540d80cb152847b3201986a706501cef74b650df_645_430.jpg http://media.npr.org/assets/img/2013/08/18/weiwei_exhibit_wide-7e16dd3ac4da9169eef7b2ae2003ed80d57cd44b.jpg http://www.widewalls.ch/wp-content/uploads/Ai-Weiwei-S.A.C.R.E.D.-2011-2013-six-part-work-composed-of-i-S-upper-ii-A-ccusers-iii-C-leansing-iv-R-itual-v-E-ntropy-vi-Doubt.-Six-dioramas-in-fiberglass-and-iron-6.jpg http://www.wired.com/images_blogs/design/2013/06/Ai-Weiwei-S.A.C.R.E.D.-2011-2013-six-part-work-composed-of-i-S-upper-ii-A-ccusers-iii-C-leansing-iv-R-itual-v-E-ntropy-vi-D-oubt.-Six-dioramas-in-fiberglass-and-iron-5.jpg http://www.wired.com/images_blogs/design/2013/06/Ai-Weiwei-S.A.C.R.E.D.-2011-2013-six-part-work-composed-of-i-S-upper-ii-A-ccusers-iii-C-leansing-iv-R-itual-v-E-ntropy-vi-D-oubt.-Six-dioramas-in-fiberglass-and-iron-5.jpg http://blog.gessato.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/s-a-c-r-e-d-by-ai-weiwei-6.jpg http://www.cbc.ca/gfx/images/arts/photos/2013/05/28/si-ai-weiwei-venice-cp-04499573.jpg http://wirednewyork.com/forum/showthread.php?t=14161&page=8 housing exhibition: http://thelifeintheslum.weebly.com/ http://www.sothebysrealty.com/eng/sales/detail/180-l-647-gh2p5t/pent-house-at-st-regis-residences-mexico-city-federal-district-md-06500 http://hk.history.museum/en_US/web/mh/plan-your-visit/floor-plan.html http://www.partyingredients.co.uk/images/venues/Museum-of-London-1.jpg\ http://api.ning.com/files/B7V0CK83lac8rFRetT-DiNPGEffZKYAPerNpc49oHpQ_/golden_lane2986.jpg http://taprefurbishment.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/Bank-of-England.jpg http://amhistory.si.edu/img/dollhouse/002.jpg http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2013/03/28/article-2300153-18F3A423000005DC-201_964x638.jpg http://www.globaltimes.cn/Portals/0/attachment/2011/c9ec5dbb-f9d1-4cae-b943-55660be93b30.jpeg http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/images/attachement/jpg/site1/20101123/0013729e3c900e5564f72b.jpg article https://jonisingermany.wordpress.com/2011/10/20/home-sweet-home/ http://www.thelocal.de/20150819/germany-building-homes-in-wrong-places-experts http://www.africafiles.org/article.asp?ID=24844 http://en.people.cn/90783/7571171.html http://www.sothebysrealty.com/eng/sales/detail/180-l-642-3hgypv/an-exclusive-residence-set-in-the-heart-of-sandhurst-sandhurst-johannesburg-ga
81
82