Leckhampton Glebe, Cheltenham

Leckhampton Glebe, Cheltenham LANDSCAPE CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

Toby Kirkaldie

Contents Leckhampton Glebe

Site Context...............................................................Page 3 Introduction The Brief Published guidance Leckhampton glebe LWWH PC Joint Neighbourhood Forum Roads & commuting Health & fitness Population balance Shopping & community facilities Youth facilities & unemployment Site Analysis..............................................................Page 4 Archeological & Historical Significance Agriculture Geology Hydrology and Landform Land Use Map & Key Oppurtunities & Constraints Environmental Analysis & Sustainable Credentials...... Page 5 Wildlife & Biodiversity Flora Evident from Field Survey Photographs of Existing Flora Tree Preservation Orders Areas of Ecologica Importance Existing Blue Infrastructure Sustainable Credentials Landscape Character Areas........................................Page 6 LCA Map LCA Site Descriptions Landscape Character Assessment 1............................ Page 7 LCA 1-4

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Landscape Character Assessment 2............................ Page 8 LCA 5-8 Landscape Character Assessment 3............................ Page 9 LCA 9-12 Green Infrastructure Planning...................................Page 10 National & Local Planning Policies Zoning Plan............................................................... Page 11 National & Local Planning Policies Actions for Mitigation.................................................Page 12 Impermeable Surfaces & Flood Risk Security and Crime Prevention Noise & Visual Pollution and Natural Screening Site Legibility Traffic Congestion Environmental Concern and Conservation Bibliography...............................................................Page 13

Site Context Leckhampton Glebe

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Introduction The following is part of a Landscape Character Assessment report of Leckhampton Glebe. The site and its context are vulnerable to development threat, notably for large-scale residential use. The latest planning application for the site has been rejected and developers have engaged with the appeal process. Leckhampton is a small civil parish district in south Cheltenham, with a population of 4,500 residents.

Leckhampton has a rich history dating back to the 8th century where it was the home farm of the royal mayor of Cheltenham. The town lies in the Joint Character Area Number 106, Severn and Avon Vale [1] and is situated along the mid Southern boundary alongside the Joint Character Area Number 107 , Cotswolds [2]. Leckhampton village has retained much of its rural character which is greatly valued by residents in the village and also by people in Cheltenham who use the Leckhampton Green Field Land and Leckhampton Hill. The village has easy access to Cheltenham by foot, bicycle and bus route F from Leckhampton Road. Crime levels are low and the village has a relatively good, friendly and caring community.

The Brief A complete Landscape Character Assessment will be completed analysing the site in terms of visual receptors and sensitivities and oppurtunities of each LCA area. Site location maps and photographs are an essential part of this process. An interim-zoning plan, indicating the extent, location and type of all proposed development within and including the context of the Green Infrastructure. Once completed, this zoning plan will be further evaluated using LVIA viewpoint techniques to highlight any environmental issues, which may require mitigation or subsequent design development.

The proposal must accommodate: •An integrated open space network as a Green Infrastructure plan; •A minimum of 325 and maximum 425 residential dwellings at an appropriate density or mixed densities (you may decide this but must demonstrate how you arrive at the proposed number) all to be developed within the context of ‘Sustainable Living’; •The inclusion of a central community hub with facilities; •The inclusion of a primary school; •The inclusion of a Country Park with Nature Interpretation Centre; •Primary, secondary and tertiary vehicular routes; •Pedestrian/Cyclist circulation routes; •A sustainable drainage proposal associated with the housing and open space network.

Published Guidance As part of this development proposal, there are a number of signed legislation acts that must be abided by. This includes; Wildlife and Countryside Act (1981) and Natural Environment, Rural Communities Act (2006) and Countryside and Rights of Way Act (2000). These acts, as well as others, have been implemented to conserve and enhance the natural beauty, wildlife and cultural heritage of England’s countryside and rural landscapes. A number of National and Local policies must be addressed in relation to the LCA of the PHDS and the development proposal. The old planning policies have been superseded by the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) 2012, which sets out the government’s planning policies for England and how these are expected to be applied. Locally, Cheltenham Borough Council has a team responsible for the preparation of planning policy in Cheltenham.

Their development framework outlines the planning process and importance of conservation areas in Cheltenham. Finally, Natural England are the government’s adviser for the natural environment in England, helping to protect England’s nature and landscapes. In particular, their guidance documents; ‘An Approach to Landscape Character Assessment’ and ‘Green Infrastructure’ provide useful information regarding the planning and development process and outcome.

Leckhampton Glebe Located on the foot of the Cotswold scarp, Leckhampton Glebe is an open expanse of land south of Cheltenham, Gloucestershire.the land is mainly used for pastoral farming, in particular, pigs, cows and sheep. However, the land also includes, residential housing, public walkways, private allotments and residential playing fields. Leckhampon glebe is green belt land with areas of ecological importance.

Leckhampton Health and Fitness [3] The LWWH PC sponsors four walks around the Leckhampton Green Land and on Leckhampton Hill and Charlton Kings Common, providing some funding and effort for footpath maintenance.

Cheltenham Borough Council (CBC) are also developing a website describing local walks and giving details of how to get involved in countryside walks. The Cotswold Voluntary Wardens and the Ramblers organise regular local walks for people of all ages. The Burrows Sports Field provides facilities for team sports and recreation. While other sports and fitness centres close by in Cheltenham include, Cheltenham College, University of Gloucestershire Park Campus and East Glos Sports Club along Bath Road.

Leckhampton Population Balance [3] Leckhampton and Warden Hill have fairly large communities where there is a natural cycle with generations moving in and out. Leckhampton has an outstanding primary school (OFTED Outstanding), which attracts families with young children to the area. However, this being said there is an ageing population in Cheltenham and surrounding villages. This is due to a net inward migration of people in the over-60 and over-70 age groups and by net outward migration of younger people and loss of employment opportunities in the local area. This is increasing the dependency ratio of Cheltenham, therefore reducing the economic prosperity of the site.

Figure 1 The map above shows the counties surrounding the Cotswold AONB. The red circle shows the location of Cheltenham in relation to character areas 106 and 107. To the right is the outline map for Leckhampton Glebe LWWH PC Joint Neighbourhood Forum [3] The Leckhamtpton Green Field Land has been safeguarded in the current Cheltenham Borough Coucil Local Plan; large scale development has been rejected by planning officers and the Planning Inspectorate on sustainability grounds. Leckhampton with Warden Hill Parish Council (LWWH PC) have been greatly concerned by SW Regional Spatial Strategy large scale development on the land, a strategy which has been retained by the Joint Core Strategy for Cheltenham-Gloucester-Tewkesbury (JCS). In 2012, LWWH PC and Shurdington Parish Council set up a ‘Joint Neighbourhood Forum’ for the purpose of developing a neighbourhood plan for the area, including Leckhampton green field land which incorporates the glebe. This neighbourhood plan forms part of the process for shaping the future of the area, alongside a sustainable community strategy. Both parish councils have been concerned by the proposals for large scale development on the basis of: amenity value of the land, the view from Leckhampton Hill, the history of Leckhampton, ecology and wildlife, traffic congestion, flooding and shortage of secondary schools in the area. The council has gathered the views of local residents about the future of the Leckhampton land. The survey showed overwhelming public opposition to the development. Similar findings have come from polls conducted by Leckhampton Green Land Action Group (LEGLAG)[4], a community group set up in 1993 to safeguard Leckhampton Green Field Land. Under the NPPF a neighbourhood plan cannot be used to prevent sustainable development. However, LWWH PC have chosen to include all of the Green Field Land in the Local Green Space boundary. This decision seeks to make a positive input into the JCS for Cheltenham-Gloucester-Tewkesbury Borough Council’s plans to be NPPF-compliant.

1:5000 @ A3

Leckhampton Roads and Commuting [3] Leckhampton and Shurdington suffer from heavy traffic congestion at peak times on the A46, Shurdington Road, north of the Leckhampton Green Land, and Church Road, south of the Leckhampton Green Land. As a result, there has been a deterioration in air quality on Church Road and now evident on Shurdington Road with a new monitoring system added in March 2013. The results from these monitoring locations in Leckhampton will break the EU limits of 40µg/m³ of Nitrogen Dioxide (NO₂) which could link to a worrying increase in the incidence of respiratory disease in local schools according to a NHS report and schools nursing organisation. Residents commute mainly into Cheltenham, and to Gloucester and locations north and south along the M5 via car. The limited employment opportunities in Leckhampton has led to it becoming the most car dependent ward in Cheltenham as reported by the County Statistics Office. Safer cycle routes would be ideal however due to narrow roads, congestion and high density parked cars it would be difficult. The number 10 bus runs every 10 minutes along the A46 in peak times. However traffic surveys show that very few people seem to use public buses and therefore development proposals for improved bus routes and a park-and-ride system must be researched further. Encouraging people to walk and create safe cycle routes would be beneficial for health as well as traffic congestion.

Leckhampton Shopping & Community Facilities [3] The Leckhampton and Warden Hill area has a thriving shopping centre in the Bath Road as well as supermarkets and local shops on Leckhampton Road and in Salisbury Avenue. Rockfield Business Park is a large business park located on Old Station Drive, off Leckhampton Road. The park provides a wide array of secondary and tertiary produce for local purchase. Leckhampton Village has a small number of services including an off licence, a butchers and a pub which is enjoyed by the locals. The village hall in Church Road is used regularly and is supported financially by the local people. At Leckhampton Primary School, the hall is available for public meetings of over 300 people. When St. Peter’s Church is not being used for worship, it could be utilised as a meeting ground for the exchange of ideas and information. St. Peter’s is sometimes used for concerts and the church cottage provides a room and facilities for small events.

Leckhampton Youth Facilities & Unemployment [3] There are sufficient facilities for youth work however redevelopment and funding is always necessary. The scout hut in Leckhampton needs major renovation and is subject to inclusion as part of the large scale development proposal for Leckhampton Green Field Land. The Brizen Young People’s Centre near the Up Hatherley Way roundabout is new and is a good facility that is available for general use as well as for the youth work. There are a number of primary schools in Leckhampton and surrounding areas all of which provide local activities. The youth work at Brizen Young People’s Centre is supported by donations, by revenue from lettings and funding from LWWH PC. Local churches also fund two professional youth workers serving the south Cheltenham area. The young unemployed remains a problem, commerce & business enterprise would benefit from closer links with the University and Colleges to improve job opportunities, working on vocational training, job creation in spin out companies and applied research. A large proportion of the town’s population have higher educational qualifications and local skills are underutilised.

Figure 2 Photograph showing a piece of protest artwork by LEGLAG and a photograph of Leckhampton and Warden Parish Council information regarding community activity and meetings.

Site Analysis Leckhampton Glebe

Archeology and History [5] Leckhampton has favoured human activity and settlement from the Iron Age through Roman and medieval to modern times. The Brizen-Shurdington Area has been extensively excavated leading to the remains of Roman artefacts, pits and field boundaries all being discovered. While the old Leckhampton Village holds historical significance, in particular Leckhampton Moat dating back to the 12th century. In September 2004 a desk- based archaeological assessment of Leckhampton Glebe was undertaken

by Gloucestershire County Council. No archaeological constraints on development were identified but there is still a potential for remains of late prehistoric and Roman settlements to be discovered. Furthermore, there are large number of buildings of historic interest scattered within and around the PHDS; inlcluding, Moat Cottage (Grade II listed), Leckhampton Farm, Church Farm (Grade II listed) and Leckhampton Farm Court. These archeological features could be swamped by a large-scale housing development. The location and architectural credentials of the proposed housing must be researched appropriately.

Figure 1. Land Use Map [6]

Figure 2. Oppurtunities & Constraints

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Agriculture [3] The Leckhampton Green Field Land is substantially grade 2 agricultural land which has been farmed for over a thousand years. Until the 1960’s it had thriving market gardens, orchards, small holdings and small farms. These declined as a result of modern intensive horticulture and the construction of public and trade nurseries along Kidnappers Lane. Today the Leckhampton Green Land is used for small scale pastoral farming with some small holdings to the north of the land. There is grazing of cows on White Cross Green and Lotts Meadow which are both areas of ecological importance. However, there is the prospect that the area could thrive again both through conventional pastoral farming, regeneration of mature orchards and zero carbon hydroponic farming with research links to both Gloucestershire and Bristol Universities. This is particularly important as Gloucestershire Food Vision predict an inability to meet local demand of fruit and vegetables. There are real economic growth opportunities in local fruit and vegetable production within the county, therefore the Leckhampton Green Land could well be a valuable agricultural asset.

There is the possibility to introduce a ‘Community-Supported-Agricultural (CSA) scheme to involve local people buying an interest in a small farm, small holding or market garden and in return getting a share of the produce.

Geology [ArcGIS] Leckhampton Glebe is formed of two main types of soil, a Stagnogley soil and Calcerous soil. Stagnogley soil can be found to the south of the PHDS. This type of gleyic soil is non-alluvial, non-calcareous and fairly loamy or clayey in texture. Therefore, the soil contains little nutrients and is poorly aerated. This makes it unsuitable for arable farming. Furthermore, due to its shallow nature only native species of tree such as the English Oak tend to thrive. Calcerous soil can be found throughout the Leckhampton Glebe site. Calcerous soils tend to have a higher concentration of calcium carbonate in them leading to a fairly dry soil unless adequate water can be supplied.

This type of soil generally has low organic matter and lacks vital nutrients. These include nitrogen and phosphorus; and other micronutrients including zinc and iron.

Large amount of artificial fertilisers would be needed to grow crops, which could lead to the pollution and eutrophication of Moorend Stream and Hatherley Brook.

Hydrology & Landform [ArcGIS] Leckhampton Glebe is located at the foot of the Cotswold Scarp. Due to the geology of the scarp, precipitation percolates into the limestone rock. Here, the groundwater travels down the scarp via through-flow with the force of gravity. Much of the water collects at the foot of the scarp. For this reason the ground water level of Leckhampton Glebe is always high and the soil is usually saturated. Therefore, the site is prone to regions of flooding, puddles and boggy areas with very little drainage options. There are two water courses that run through the PHDS, the main one is Moorend Stream which passes the east perimeter of the site and of Lotts Meadow.

The river is prone to flooding, and a depression in the ground at Lotts Meadow leads to a pond forming. However, in extreme cases, flooding can spread across the meadow. The second water course is Hatherley Brook which meanders through the site crossing Kidnappers Lane. The gradient of the land slopes towards the water course, creating a V-shaped channel which cuts through the landscape.

Initial Opportunities of Leckhampton Glebe Sites 1 & 2 are farmland/small holdings along the A46 perimeter. Opportunity for housing development due to flat level land, ideal access, limited view of the scarp from the road and existing residential properties to the north and east. Site 3 & 4 is an existing pig small holding and abandoned nurseries. The land is level with access available from A46 and Kidnappers Lane. The site is an opportunity for a housing development with views of the scarp to the south. Bungalow housing to the east have limited views into the site. Site 5 is open paddocks and site 6 is a pig pen along Kidnappers Lane. The site is fairly level, has views of the scarp and access along Kidnappers Lane. Therefore is deal for affordable housing. Site 7 is orchards bordering Farm Lane and Church Road. The site is adjacent to another housing development to the north. The site has ideal views of the Cotswold scarp and is further enough away from the old village to integrate an affordable housing scheme. Site 8 can be developed from private allotments to a community allotment scheme and link to educational purposes.

At present, much of the PHDS is used for small scale pastoral farming with two pig pens along Kidnappers Lane. There are also private horse paddocks along Farm Lane. Lotts Meadow is an area of ecological importance with mature native oak trees which have TPO’s. Burrows field is used for sports and recreation and used by the public during the summer months. Kidnappers Lane cuts through the glebe with residential housing in the form of Bungalows with driveways and garden space. Hatherley Brook meanders through the landscape creating a green corridor in which land has been utilised around.

Shurdington Road (A46) runs along the north perimeter of the site providing vehicular access but also public bus access (10, Stage Coach travels along this route). Church Road borders the site to the south and links to Kidnappers Lane and Farm Road to the west of the site. There is a public footpath through the glebe which is predominantly used by locals and dog walkers. The route cuts across the brook, through Lotts Meadow, and runs parallel to Moorend Stream.

Initial Constraints of Leckhampton Glebe Site 9 is Burrows Sports Field. The site must remain as a recreational space and therefore cannot be developed on. However, extra facilities can be added for improvement.

Site 10 is Lotts Meadow, an area of ecological importance and therefore should not be developed for housing purposes, however can become a part of the required country park. Sites 12 & 13 are located centrally and therefore any reasonably sized development here would be visually unattractive from the perimeter. However, a single storey, community or visitor centre would be ideal. Sites 14, 15 and 16 are residential properties along Kidnappers Lane. Their views over the site must be addressed and therefore large scale housing proposals here would be appealed. Site 17 is the Leckhampton Moat and site 18 is St Peter’s Church. The old village is of historical value and holds archaeological remains. Development in close proximity to this site will ruin the aesthetic appreciation of the village.

Environmental Analysis & Sustainable Credentials

Leckhampton Glebe

Wildlife and Biodiversity [3,7] A large proportion of Leckhampton Glebe is of ecological importance. With this comes a range of flora and fauna. This is particularly the case for the hedgerows which can support up to 80% of our woodland birds and 50% of our mammals. The hedgerows on Leckhampton hold 30% of our native butterflies; including the Duke of Burgundy, Dark Green Fritillary and Pearl Bordered Fritillary. There is extensive bird life associated with Leckhampton Glebe and Hill including buzzards and kestrels with occasional siting’s of red kites. While, the sounds of chaffinches, wrens, song thrushes and whitethroats can all be heard in the spring. The landscape supports a wealth of mammals including foxes, stoats, badgers and rabbits which are commonly seen in the grasslands. Moorend Stream and Hatherley Brook hold a great biodiverse value and the riparian corridor provide habitats for frogs, toads, newts and reptiles. The wildflower meadows attract a wide range of insects, including grasshoppers, butterflies and bees which are vital in the production of apples in the orchards. The site is home to a great array of wildflowers, in particular a variety of orchid species including the Bee Orchid. As well as the hedgrows there is other vegetation on site. This includes mature English Oak Trees (found in Lotts Meadow), grassland, overgrown brambles and other invasive species, rows of salix and native emergent planting.

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Flora evident from Field Survey Hedgerow Species: Alder (Alnus glutinosa) Wild Cherry (Prunus Avium) Wild Pear (Pyrus pyraster) Beech (Faguys sylvatica) Ash (Fraxinus excelsior) Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) Hazel (Corylus avellana) Willow (Salix caprea) Blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) Privet (Ligustrum vulgare) Annual Weeds: Hairy Bittercress (Cardamine hirsuta) Groundsel (Senecio vulgaris) Shepherd’s Purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris)

Perennial weeds: Netttle (Urtica diocia) Broad Leaved Dock (Rumex obtusifolius) Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale agg.)

Ground Elder (Aegopodium podagraria) Woody Perennial Weeds: Brambles/Blackberries (Rubus fruticosus) Ivy (Hedera helix) Mature Trees English Oak (Quercus robur) Willow (Salix alba) Popular (Populus nigras) Cherry (Prunus spinosa) Pear (Pyrus pyraster) Beech (Faguys sylvatica)

Photographs of Existing Flora

Mixture of aquatic and bog plants

Sustainable Credentials of Leckhampton Glebe (158, National Planning Policy Framework [8])

Small woodland row which can flood

Riparian corridor formed of Salix alba

Overgrown scrub and grasslands

Mature Salix alba with mistletoe

Boggy mud public footpaths

Figure 1. Map showing the location of TPO’s within the Leckhampton Figure 2.[6] Map showing areas of ecological importance in Glebe area. There are four sets of preservations, including preservaLeckhampton Glebe. This includes two two riparian corridors for tion of the mature pear orchard highlighted in yellow.

Hatherley Brook and Moorend Stream, and Lotts’ Meadow.

Figure 3. Map showing the two water courses, Hatherley Brook and Moorend Stream; and areas of flooding and extreme flooding. The red arrow highlights the movement of groundwater.

Economic •Grade 2 pastoral agriculture, however more for private purpose rather than a profitable industry.

•Nurseries along Kidnappers Lane is abandoned (Brownfield Site), however ‘The Willows Garden Nursery’ is still in business (success is limited).

•There is an auction warehouse and a Limestone company along Church Road improving the economy of the old Leckhampton Village.

•Cheltenham town centre located to the north-east of the PHDS is a socio-economic hub, with a variety of secondary and tertiary stores. This has expanded as far as Montpellier which has a great deal of wealth.

•There are some residential units on the site, including small bungalows along Kidnappers Lane and a private estate along Farm Lane, which include large Cotswold Stone detached houses and barn conversions. Some of these properties will be rented.

Social •Burrows Recreation Field provides space for football during the winter months, and cricket during summer months. The field is a community space attracting pedestrians, dog walkers and local residents. There is also an all-day nursery with adjacent climbing apparatus. The field is well maintained and the grass is mowed regularly to encourage constant recreational activity.

•There is a sign-posted public right of way through the site which is used by pedestrians and dog walkers. The public right of way cuts through Lotts’ Meadow and follows the riparian corridor of Moorend Stream.

•There are private allotments adjacent to Leckhampton Primary school. The allotments are in constant use and create a sense of place and community.

The school also has a social importance with a constant noise and activity of children.

•Leckhampton and Warden Parish Council have an information board along Farm Lane detailing meetings and activities of the local community.

•LEGLAG has a significant role in protecting the land and stopping any development proposal; there are regular meetings and protest images attached to fences and posts demonstrate their views and intentions.

•10 Stage Coach Bus provides public transport from the A46, Shurdington Road which runs along the north boundary of the glebe providing routes into Cheltenham and Gloucester Environmental •Parts of Leckhampton Glebe are of ecological importance including Lott’s Meadow, the old pear orchard, and the two riparian corridors of Hatherley Brook and Lotts’ Meadow.

•The riparian corridors include a mix of aquatic, bog and emergent planting and provide habitats for an array of wildlife including newts, frogs and other aquatic species. The riparian corridor adjacent to Lotts Meadow is formed of a miscanthus wetlands one side and a row of mature and semi mature Salix alba on the other.

•There are a number of Tree Preservation Orders in place, which include a number of mature British Oaks (Quercus robur) and all of the old pears trees in the orchard to the south-west of the glebe.

•Established dense hedgerows formed of a mixture of native species are used as natural form of screening and bordering. Hedgerows are of ecological importance and provide habitats for small mammals, birds, insects and butterflies.

•There are very few impermeable surfaces so much of the water infiltrates the soil or is intercepted by the mix of vegetation on site.

•Lotts’ Meadow is prone to flooding which leads to the formation of pond which attracts mallards and other ducks to the area. This also encourages bog and marginal planting which evidently shows the high water table of the land.

Landscape Character Areas

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Leckhampton Glebe

1. Small Holdings & Private Pastoral Farming LCA 1 is private land which is used for a mixture of grade 2 pastoral farming and established vegetable plots. The site is bordered by residential house to the north and east, however conifers do provide some screening. Telephone lines run above the vehicle and pedestrian access route which join the public footpath at a T-junction. The land is segregated using wooden posts and wire fencing and some established hedgerows. There are some small wooden sheds and caravans which appear derelict. In some places the land is unmaintained and brambles and other invasive species have taken over.

2. Grassland and Pig Holding adjacent to A46 LCA 2 includes four enclosed grass areas and an open exposed field which is used as a pig holding. The land runs adjacent to the A46, Shurdington Road meaning there is a lot of noise pollution.

Established hedgerows and mature saplings have created a natural barrier from the road. While, the uncontrolled growth and spread of brambles has created a natural deterrent. The enclosed grassland spaces are used for grade 2 pastoral farming and encourage grassland species. Hatherley Brook meanders through the site forming a V-Shaped Riparian Corridor that is an area of ecological importance.

3. Abandoned Nurseries (Brownfield Site) LCA 3 is an old abandoned nursery which is now considered a brownfield site with no land use. The framework of the greenhouses remain, however much of the grass has been removed. There is a large amount of debris on the floor, including glass, plastic pots, bamboo sticks and plant labels. The site is very hazardous and volatile therefore is off limits to the public. Large established conifers by the entrance create a natural screen for the residential properties along Kidnapper’s Lane. The site has become overgrown with brambles and other invasive species.

4. Arable (Ploughed) Farming Land LCA 4 is private arable farm land which has recently been ploughed.

The site is enclosed by an established hedgerow formed of Cratageus monogyna and brambles which have begun encroaching on the land. The hedgerow creates a natural screen from the residential housing along Farm Lane. The land is fairly flat however there is a gradual slope towards Hatherley Brook. The site is bordered to the east by an established riparian corridor. Access into the site is via a metal gate along Farm Lane. This provides a viewpoint of the site for pedestrians using the path adjacent to Farm Lane.

5. Private Paddock, Grasslands & Orchard LCA 5 is a mixture of privately owned paddocks, pig pen, open grassland and a mature orchard. The paddocks have been segregated using wooden posts and electric fencing. The land gradually slopes towards Hatherley Brook and the riparian corridor creates a natural boundary to the east. The pig holding is screened from Farm Lane by an established hedgerow. The land is boggy with surface water.

The open grasslands provide public access towards the Brook and idyllic views of the Cotswold scarp. The orchard is formed of mature pear trees, however the land has become overgrown with brambles.

6. Grade 2 Pastoral (Cow) Farm Land LCA 6 is open grasslands used for grade 2 pastoral farming of cows. The land is segregated using wooden posts and barbed wire, however metal gates provide access between each area. The land slopes down towards Hatherley Brook to the west, and the riparian corridor acts as a natural boundary. There is little hedgerow coverage meaning the site is exposed to a south-westerly prevailing wind.

Noise pollution from Church Road is also evident. Corrugated steel warehouses and an auctioning warehouses are visible from the site.

Diggers and other used machinery are also evident.

7. Private Paddocks & Grassland LCA 7 is formed of private horse paddocks and open grassland which is used for grade 2 pastoral farming. Wooden fences have been used to segregate the grassland into paddocks. The land has a fairly steep gradient which slopes towards Hatherley Brook. The riparian corridor and established hedgerows encloses the space and stops any noise pollution from kidnapper’s Lane. There are three residential properties, one of which is an old thatched cottage with a hedgerow border. Two mature populars and a processional row of red maples create a natural boundary to the east of the site.

8. Privately owned Horse paddock LCA 8 is an enclosed private land which is been used as a horse paddock. The land is segregated into smaller paddocks using white plastic posts and tape. The land is unmaintained and there are lots of perennial weeds growing through the grass. The land is enclosed by an established hedgerow. However, the brambles have become invasive and are encroaching onto the paddocks. Due to the vegetation, noise pollution from Church Road is minimal creating a tranquil and safe environment. There are detached housing to the north, and semi-detached affordable housing to the east of the site.

9. Private Allotments LCA 9 are private allotments bordered by Burrows Sports Field to the north and Leckhampton Primary School to the south and east.

The allotments are in close proximity to areas of residential housing increasing the usage of the land. The area is enclosed and sheltered due to established hedgerows and mature saplings (including Sycamore and ash trees). Due to consistent land use and noise coming from the sports field and school, there is a sense of social wellbeing. Small wooden sheds are dotted across the site. Some areas are unmaintained and brambles are becoming invasive.

10. Burrows Recreational Sports Field LCA 10 is Burrows Recreational Sports Field which is primarily used for football. The land is well maintained however there is some erosion near the car park. The gradient slopes towards the riparian corridor. There is also a small day nursery with a suitably sized car park increasing the sphere of influence of the site. The site is bordered by a small maintained hedge creating a natural barrier from the residential housing to the west. The site is popular for dog walkers, and wooden benches and bins are located along the perimeter. The field is exposed to a south westerly prevailing wind.

11. Lotts’ Meadow & Riparian Corridor LCA 11 is Lotts’ Meadow, an open expanse of grassland used for grade 2 pastoral farming and includes public footpaths. Moorend stream meanders along the east border of Lotts’ Meadow. The riparian corridor is an area of ecological importance and is formed mainly of Salix alba. The land is flooded annually leading to a large expanse of water which attracts aquatic wildlife. In places the land is boggy with puddles, even during the summer months. There are three mature Quercus robur’s which have tree preservation orders.

The site provides an idyllic view of the Cotswold Scarp.

12. Grassland bordered by Hedgerows LCA 12 is a selection of enclosed grass fields bordered by established hedgerows and mature saplings. The fields are used for grade 2 pastoral farming and maintenance of the land is minimal. As a result of the established hedgerows there is very little noise pollution and a sense of security. In one field there is a privately owned housing with surrounding vegetation however this has been recently sold. The most southerly field, has a number of large warehouses which were once used for the agriculture industry. The site is now abandoned but much of the machinery and equipment remains.

Landscape Character Assessment 1

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Leckhampton Glebe

1. Small Holdings & Private Pastoral Farming 2. Grassland and Pig Holding adjacent to A46 3. Abandoned Nurseries (Brownfield Site) 4. Arable (Ploughed) Farming Land AIR/CLIMATE: Warm temperature AIR/CLIMATE: Warm temperature AIR/CLIMATE: Warm temperature AIR/CLIMATE: Warm temperature western maritime. western maritime. western maritime. western maritime.

GEOLOGY: Lower Jurassic (Lias).

GEOLOGY: Lower Jurassic (Lias).

GEOLOGY: Lower Jurassic (Lias).

GEOLOGY: Lower Jurassic (Lias).

LANDFORM: Level.

LANDFORM: Level (slight slope of grass LANDFORM: Level.

LANDFORM: Gentle slope towards SOIL: Lime Rich, loamy and clay soils with fields towards the riparian corridor).

SOIL: Brownfield Site, therefore soil is Hatherley Brook (v-shaped channel) impeded drainage.

SOIL: Lime rich, loamy and clay soils, likely to be contaminated. Soil is likely to SOIL: Ploughed soil (aerated), likelihood HYDROLOGY: Moorend Stream boggy and surface water in pig pen. contain fertilisers and pesticides. of fertilisers due to arable farming. meanders along the eastern perimeter.

HYDROLOGY: Hatherley Brook meanders HYDROLOGY: Hatherley Brook creates a HYDROLOGY: Ground and surface water The stream is culverted below the A46. between the enclosed green fields. natural boundary to the east of the site. travels towards Hatherley Brook.

FLORA & FAUNA: Riparain Corridor with emergents and marginal FLORA & FAUNA: Hatherley Brook riparian corridor is an area of FLORA & FAUNA: There are established conifers at the entrance FLORA & FAUNA: The field has been left fallow however is borplants. Established hedgerows provide habitats improving ecological importance with a variety of emergent and marginal to the abandoned nursery however they provide little biodiverse derd by an established hedgerow formed of Cratageus monogybiodiversity. Invasive brambles provide berries during the species which will attract wildlife and provide suitable habitats. value and increase the acidity of the soil. Brambles and other na which is currently in flower, attracting bees and other insects. summer months however require maintenance. Orchard formed The unmaintained grassland will encourage insects, grasshopinvasive species have spread uncontrollably. This is particularly The hedgerow is a habitat for birds, small mammals and butof mature apple trees will attract insects, bees and birds. pers, grass snakes and slow worms. The hedgerows further the case in the glass greenhouses where the conditions are ideal terflies. The riparian corridor to the east is an area of ecological LAND USE: Privately owned small holdings, used for grade 2 improves the biodiversity. A cabbage white butterfly was sited in for these invasive species. importance formed of marginal, bog plants and mature salix. pastoral farming including sheep, geese and chickens and the one of the enclosed green fields.

LAND USE: The site was once a thriving nursery, improving the LAND USE: Arable farming which has recently been ploughed. At production of vegetables and apples. Land is segregated using LAND USE: A small pig holding to the north-west (two adult pigs horticultural industry. However, today the land is abandoned and present no vegetables are being produced. wooden post and barbed wire fencing. Remains of small fires to graze in the fenced off section). Grass fields are used for grade has no use. It is considered to be Brownfield Land.

SETTLEMENT: No settlement present. remove wood and other burnable items. pastoral farming (grazing of cows and sheep) however this is not SETTLEMENT: Abandoned wooden and metal framed greenRECEPTORS: Viewpoint where there is a break in the hedgerow SETTLEMENT: Small woodland sheds and huts (likelihood of permanent. Left unmaintained for much of the year. houses. The glass on the wooden greenhouses have been to allow access into the site. Can be seen by pedestrians using equipment, fodder and machinery inside). There are some SETTLEMENT: Two privately owned housing either side of the removed however the glass remains on the metal framed the public footpath and some residents living along Farm Lane. caravans that appear derelict and unused. culverted Hatherley Brook. The houses have vehicular access to greenhouses. Much of the glass has been smashes and is all over ENCLOSURE: Hawthorn hedgerow and riparian corridor create a RECEPTORS: Private land users, pedestrians using the public A46, Shurdington Road. A corrugated iron pen provides shelter the floor. There is two small wooden sheds filled with equipment natural boundary limiting visual and noise pollution from Farm footpaths and local residents (view is partially resticted). for the pigs in the fenced off holding. and broken machinery.

Lane. Hawthorn and brambles which have become invasive act ENCLOSURE: Mature, tall conifers to the east provide ideal RECEPTORS: Residents (housing along Kidnapper’s Lane), public RECEPTORS: Some residents living along Kidnapper’s Lane and a natural deterrent as they both have thorns. A metal gate stops screening from the residential properties. Hedgrerow and trees using path parallel to the Shurdington Road, vehicle users howpedestrians using the public footpath however the conifers the public from entering the farm land. The site is well enclosed provide a barrier from the road reducing the noise and visual ever it is fast road, therefore the view is minimal. provide an ideal natural screen. and secure. pollution. Invasive growth of brambles creates a natural deterENCLOSURE: Pig holding is open and exposed to a south westerENCLOSURE: The brownfield site is enclosed by a metal fence LAND OWNERSHIP: Private Ownership; likely to be a local farmer. rent improving security. Site feels safe and secure. ley prevailing wind. The grass fields are enclosed by established with sharp ends. However the conifer hedge at the entrance PERCEPTUAL/AESTHETIC FACTORS: There is some noise from LAND OWNERSHIP: Private ownership, however there is public hedgerows and the riparian corrdior. The natural vegetation and the riparian corridor to the east of the site create a natural Farm Lane, however generally the site is tranquil and quiet. The access from A46, Shurdington Road. limits noise and visual pollution from the A46, Shurdington Road. enclosure. hedgerow and riparian corridor creates a sense of wilderness PERCEPTUAL/AESTHETIC FACTORS: Sense of security and tranLAND OWNERSHIP: Private Ownership LAND OWNERSHIP: No ownership as the site is abandoned. and encloses the area so that it feels safe and secure. quility due to limited pedestrian use and enclosed space. The PERCEPTUAL/AESTHETIC FACTORS: The pig holding feels PERCEPTUAL/AESTHETIC FACTORS: The site is dangerous and OPPORTUNITIES: Fairly level, open land with access via Farm hedgerows and brambles creates a sense of wildness and reexposed, and there is a sense of vulnerability due to the close threatening due to the large amount of debris and glass on the Lane to the west. There is an oppurtunity for a mixed house moteness. The use of barbed wire fencing and land segregation proximity of the A46 Shurdington Road which is a fast road with floor. The abandoned sheds are eerie and vulnerable. development with a backdrop of the riparian corridor and idyllic indicates land use and reducing the naturalistic qualities. a high density of traffic. A south-westerly prevailing wind also OPPORTUNITIES: The land is a Brownfield Site and therefore has views of the Cotswold Scarp (7.18 Cheltenham Borough Local OPPORTUNITIES: Level, open expanse of land with close comes across the pen. However, the enclosed grasslands feel already been developed on. The land can be re-used without Plan 2nd Review [11]). proximity to the A46 Shurdington Road. The site is not prone safe due to the established hedgerows limiting visual and noise having any detrimental environmental impact. At present, land SENSITIVITIES: Farm Lane will have to be widened to withstand to flooding and therefore there is an oppurtunity for mixed use pollution from the road. has very little biodiverse value (111, NPPF [8] & CP1 increased vehicle usage into and out of the proposed develophousing (100, NPPF [8] & 20, PPS1, Housing [9]). Hedgerow and OPPORTUNITIES: Level open space which has clear vehicles Cheltenham Borough Local Plan 2nd Review [11]). The site has ment. Any housing development will have a visual impact on the mature trees provide suitable screening and reduce visual and access points via A46 Shurdington Road and Kidnappers Lane suitable ingress and egress via Kidnapper’s Lane. residents living in the bungalowsm along Farm and Kidnappers noise pollution from A46 Kidnappers Lane. and access to nearby services (10.4 PPS 1, Housing [9]).

SENSITIVITIES: It is a Brownfield site therefore the soil may be Lane.

SENSITIVITIES: Land is currently used for small holdings which SENSITIVITIES: There is little vegetation to stop noise and visual toxic may be contaminated. Site remediation would have to be include vegetable plots, apple orchards and grade 2 pastoral pollution. Any development proposal would have a visual completed in order to purify the ground so that it can be used farming which includes sheep, geese and chickens. impact on the residents living along Kidnappers Lane. for a housing development. Kidnappers Lan e would have to be widened to improve ease of access.

1. Private vegetable plot with public access routes (Viewpoint: E)

1. Pig field bordered by A46 and Kidnappers Lane (Viewpoint: SE)

1. Abandoned buildings and left over debris (Viewpoint: E)

2. Private smal holding with orchard (Viewpoint: S)

2. Unmaintained Grassland with mature oak trees (Viewpoint: S)

2. Inside a greenhouse, overgrown with brambles (Viewpoint: W)

1. Ploughed arable land with a hedgerow boundary (Viewpoint: E)

Landscape Character Assessment 2 Leckhampton Glebe

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5. Private Paddock, Grasslands & Orchard AIR/CLIMATE: Warm temperature western maritime.

GEOLOGY: Lower Jurassic (Lias) LANDFORM: Gentle slope towards Hatherley Brook (v-shaped channel) SOILS: Lime rich, loamy and clay soils, boggy and surface water in pig pen.

HYDROLOGY: Ground and surface water travels towards Hatherley Brook.

FLORA & FAUNA: The horse paddock has an established hedgerow boundary formed of Cratageous monogyna (flowers in spring) and other native species. This will provide a habitat for a wide array of wildlife, including birds, butterflies, small mammals and insects. The riperian corridor is an area of ecological importance with an abundance of aquatic vegetation including mature and semi mature salix alba. The orchard is formed of mature pear trees which are currently in flower attracting bees and other insects. The overgrown scrub will provide habitats for small mammals, grasshoppers, slow worms and a variety of insects.

LAND USE: Private horse paddocks, grasslands with designated public footpaths and a mature pear orchard (however today this it not utilised however is an area of preservation.

SETTLEMENT: A detached house overlooking the horse paddocks. A private estate formed of 8 detached houses mainly constructed of Cotswold Stone.

RECEPTORS: Residents living in the houses along Farm Lane and pedestrians or dog walkers utilising the public footpaths.

ENCLOSURE: Established hedgerows and the riparian corridor of Hatherley Brook create a natural enclosure. The grassland is quite exposed however provides an idyllic view of the scarp.

LAND OWNERSHIP: Privately owned horse paddocks and pig holding. Grassland and orchard and owned by Cheltenham Borough Council (notice on gate informing visitors of the TPO’s on the mature pear trees) PERCEPTUAL/AESTHETIC FACTORS: As a result of the character area having public access routes, there is a sense of security and safety as there are always pedestrians and dog walkers using the site. The established hedgerows, riparian corridor and mature orchard create a sense of wilderness and naturalness and reduce noise and visual pollution from Farm Lane and Church Road.

OPPORTUNITIES: To became part of an enclosed country park with idyllic views of the Cotswold Scarp. Hatherley Brook’s riparian corridor can be developed to improve public rights of way between A46 and Church Road. (Joint Core Strategy, GI [12]) SENSITIVITIES: Some noise pollution from Church Road and Farm Lane, however minimal due to hedgerow coverage.

6. Grade 2 Pastoral (Cow) Farm Land AIR/CLIMATE: Warm temperature western maritime.

GEOLOGY: Lower Jurassic (Lias).

LANDFORM: Fairly steep slope towards Hatherley Brook (v-shaped channel).

SOILS: Lime rich, loamy and clay soils with impeded drainage.

HYDROLOGY: Ground and surface water travels towards Hatherley Brook.

FLORA & FAUNA: Little hedgerow coverage as the land is utilised for grade 2 pastoral farming and has been segregated using wodden fences rather than natural borders. Hatherley Brook’s riparian corrdior is an area of ecological importance and provides habitats for a an array of wildlife including frogs, toads, newts and some reptiles. There is also a variety of emergent and marginal vegetation, however the brambles have become invasive and overgrown.

LAND USE: Grade 2 pastoral farming, in particular the grazing of cows. However, the land is not used for this purpose year round.

SETTLEMENT: No settlment on site, however green corrugated steel warehouses and the white auction house are evident along Church Road. The industry site and machinery are also visible.

RECEPTORS: Pedestrians and dog walkers using the public access routes, resident living in the old thatched cottage and those working in the industry units along Church Road.

ENCLOSURE: Exposed site due to limited hedgerow coverage.

Wooden fences do not stop the south westerley prevailing wind.

The riparian corridor and hedge adjacent to Church Road provides some shelter and reduces noise and visual pollution.

LAND OWNERSHIP: Private land use, however public access routes run parallel to the site boundary.

PERCEPTUAL/AESTHETIC FACTORS: The boundary provides some natural screening however the field is large and therefore there is still a sense of exposure and vulnerability. However, the public access routes mean there are always people/dog walkers using the space creating a sense of place and community.

OPPURTONITIES: To became part of an enclosed country park with idyllic views of the Cotswold Scarp. (115, NPPF [8]). The biodiversity of the riparian corridor and established hedgerows will continue to improve and more habitats will become available. (109, NPPF [8]).

SENSITIVITIES: Views of green corrugated steel warehouses and auction warehouse are not visually pleasing and will create some undesirable noise. However, hedgerows can be established to reduce visual pollution and create a natural screen.

1. Grasslands with public access route (Viewpoint: SW)

7. Horse Paddocks & Grassland AIR/CLIMATE: Warm temperature western maritime.

GEOLOGY: Lower Jurassic (Lias).

LANDFORM: Gradient slopes towards Hatherley Brook (moderate steepness) SOILS: Lime rich, loamy and clay soils with impeded drainage.

HYDROLOGY: Ground and surface water travels towards Hatherley Brook.

FLORA & FAUNA: The riparian corridor and established hedgerows create a natural boundary and encourages a vast array of wildlife. Brambles and annual and perennial nettles are growing in places, however have not yet become invasive. The grass field is covered in Dandelion which indicates that it has not been in use for a while. Two mature popular trees are visible to the east of the site both of which have TPO’s. The thatched house has a hedgerow border formed of Hawthorn and brambles.

LAND USE: Privately owned horse paddocks and evidence of some grade 2 pastoral farming. However, during the visit, the land was not in use. A public footpath cuts across the site.

SETTLEMENT: Several residential housing are located outside the site area which have vehicular access via Kidnappers Lane.

RECEPTORS: Pedestrians and dog walkers using the public access routes and residents in the detached housing.

ENCLOSURE: Established hedgerows and riparian corridor enclose the fields and paddocks. Noise and visual pollution is reduced and the site is sheltered from the prevailing wind.

LAND OWNERSHIP: Privately owned paddocks and fields with restricted public footpaths. Style used to allow access over Hatherley Brook.

PERCEPTUAL/AESTHETIC FACTORS: The riparian corridor and dense hedgerow creates a sense of enclosure and the area is tranquil and quiet. The weed growth and surrounding vegetation creates a sense of wilderness. The thatched cottage is also aesthetically pleasing and quintessentially English.

OPPORTUNITIES: To became part of an enclosed country park with idyllic views of the Cotswold Scarp. (115, NPPF [8]).

Oppurtunity for the country park to become a public space with integrated biodiversity and conservation (18, PPS1, Sustainable Development [10]) SENSITIVITIES: Some noise and visual pollution from Kidnappers Lane. The wooden fences and gates will have to be removed in order to create a country park landscape.

8. Privately owned Horse Paddock AIR/CLIMATE: Warm temperature western maritime.

GEOLOGY: Lower Jurassic (Lias).

LANDFORM: Level.

SOILS: Lime rich, loamy and clay soils with impeded drainage.

HYDROLOGY: No evidence.

LAND USE: Privately owned horse paddocks (two horses grazing).

FLORA & FAUNA: Boundary is an established hedgerow reaching four metres in places. Hedgerows have a huge biodiverse value and encourage wildlife, including small mammals, birds, insects and butterflies. The sound of birds was evident. A row of established ashes can been in the distant and the two Populas nigra feel the skyline to the north west of the site. Brambles provide a natural detterent however have began encroaching on the land making the site look unmaintained and wild. Blackberries will be produced during the summer months attracting wildlife and people. Perennial weeds and cutch grass have not been treated or removed.

SETTLEMENT: No settlement on the site itself however surrounding residential units are visible.

RECEPTORS: Pedestrians and dog walkers using the public footpath that meets Church Road. Local residents whose house windows overlook the site and vehicle users, driving along Kidnapper’s Lane where there are gaps in the established hedgerow.

ENCLOSURE: Established hedgerows create a natural boundary and the site feels enclosed. However, residential houses look over the site which can create a sense of vulnerability.

LAND OWNERSHIP: Privately owned private paddock.

PERCEPTUAL/AESTHETIC FACTORS: Sense of wilderness and naturalness due to established and unmaintained hedgerows and invasive brambles. Site is enclosed and there is limited noise pollution due to natural screening creating a tranquil environment.

OPPORTUNITIES: To became part of an enclosed country park with idyllic views of the Cotswold Scarp which has the ability to the link Leckhampton glebe with Leckhampton Hill (7.21, Cheltenham Borough Local Plan 2nd Review [11]). Specimen Poplar nigra’s and the row of ash trees will be conserved and protected.

SENSITIVITIES: Brambles and nettles have become invasive and established hedgerows will require some maintenance without destroying natural habitats.

1. Grass field with a small thatched cottage (Viewpoint: N) 1. Fenced off grade 2 pastoral farm land (Viewpoint: N)

2. Privately owned paddock with electric fence (Viewpoint: E)

2. Open grassland and warehouses for industry (Viewpoint: SW)

1. Grass field bordered by a riparian corridor (Viewpoint: E)

1. Privately owned unmaintained paddock (Viewpoint: NE)

Landscape Character Assessment 3

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Leckhampton Glebe

9. Private Allotments AIR/CLIMATE: Warm temperature western maritime.

GEOLOGY: Lower Jurassic (Lias).

LANDFORM: Level.

SOIL: Lime Rich, loamy and clay soil with added compost and feed to encourage fruit and vegetable growth HYDROLOGY: Moorend Stream meanders to the west of the site.

10. Burrows Recreational Sports Field AIR/CLIMATE: Warm temperature western maritime.

GEOLOGY: Lower Jurassic (Lias).

LANDFORM: Land slopes towards Moorend Stream to the west.

SOIL: Lime Rich, loamy and clay soil with impeded drainage.

HYDROLOGY: Moorend Stream floods regularly, to the west of the field.

11. Lotts Meadow & Riprian Corridor AIR/CLIMATE: Warm temperature western maritime.

GEOLOGY: Lower Jurassic (Lias).

LANDFORM: Level.

SOIL: Lime Rich, loamy and clay soil with with impeded drainage (surface water) HYDROLOGY: Moorend stream floods regularly and the water table is very high. The surface is wet and boggy.

12. Grassland bordered by Hedgerows AIR/CLIMATE: Warm temperature western maritime.

GEOLOGY: Lower Jurassic (Lias).

LANDFORM: Level.

SOIL: Lime Rich, loamy and clay soil with impeded drainage.

HYDROLOGY: Hatherley Brook and Moorend Stream run parallel either side which can lead to some flooding.

FLORA & FAUNA: The allotments and bordered by established dense hedgerows and mature saplings to the north and west.

The hedgerows will provide habitas for a variety of wildlife including small mammals, birds, insects and butterflies. The vegetable plots will encourage some insects and birds however slugs and snails will be prevented using slug pellets or salt. Brambles and other perennial weeds are becoming invasive around the perimeters.

LAND USE: Private allotments using for the growth of fruit and vegetables.

SETTLEMENT: Small sheds are located on the allotment to store equipment, compost, fertiliser and bulbs.

RECEPTORS: Pedestrians and dog walkers using the public footpaths and Burrows Sports Field. Teachers and pupils at Leckhampton Primary School and locals with their own vegetable plots.

ENCLOSURE: The allotments are enclosed by hedgerows on two sides (Burrows Field) and a metal fence on the third, which is property of Leckhampton Primary School. The mature trees and boundary fencing create an enclosed space.

LAND OWNERSHIP: The land will be owned by Cheltenham Borough Council and sections of the land will be rented out to locals wanting to grow their own fruit and vegetables.

PERCEPTUAL/AESTHETIC FACTORS: There is a sense of community and place as the allotments are always being used by the locals. The noise from the school and Burrows Field further improves the social qualities of the site. The perimeters are wild and natural while the vegetable plots themselves are well structured and maintained.

OPPURTUNITIES: Rather than being private allotments, ‘Community-Supported Agriculture’ could be introduced to encourage communal involvement and development.

Oppurtunity to link allotments with Leckhampton Primary School and Burrows Sports Field (12.74, Cheltenham Borough Local Plan 2nd Review [11]) SENSITIVITIES: Surrounding land requries regular maintenance and prevention of invasive species.

FLORA & FAUNA: Burrows Sports Field is mainly used for football. The grass is continously maintained, as is the neatly cut fagus sylvatica hedge which creates a natural border to the south east of the site. Beech is ideal as it holds onto its leaves even when they are dead to still create a screening. There are a number of small trees planted and one large Quercus robur which has recently been pollarded to encourage new growth.

Two squirrels were sited during the field survey.

LAND USE: Recreational space used for football and other sports.

Used by pedestrians and dog walkers with seats allocated around the perimeter. During the summer months the site is used for picnics, sunbathing and recreational acitvity.

SETTLEMENT: A day nursery with an attached climbing frames suitable for all ages. There is a small car park which has vehicular access onto Moorend Road.

RECEPTORS: Pedestrians and dog walkers, those using the site for football and recreational activity. Parents who drop their children off at the day nursery, and the children themselves.

ENCLOSURE: The field is large and open however is enclosed around the perimeter using natural borders including a maintained hedge, riparian corridor and a dense hedgerow to the north.

LAND OWNERSHIP: Owned by Cheltenham Borough Council PERCEPTUAL/AESTHETIC FACTORS: There is a sense of place and community as a result of constant social activity. There is constant movement and sound, and a sense of security due to this stimuli. The site has a perimeter bounday however is open and exposed and therefore vulnerable to a south westerly prevailing wind.

OPPURTUNITIES: To further develop the field to encourage community involvement and activities. This could be to include a small cafe or club house to improve the sphere of influence.

(70, NPPF [8]). Expand the riparian corridor of Moorend Stream so that it becomes an integral part of Burrows Field (Joint Core Strategy, GI [12]) SENSITIVITIES: To ensure increased use of the field does not lead to the erosion of grass and reduce biodiversity.

FLORA & FAUNA: Lotts’ Meadow and Moorend Stream riparian corrdior are areas of ecological importance. The riparian corridor is formed of a miscanthus wetlands to the east which will provide a perfect habitat for frogs, newts and other aquatic wildlife.

There is also an established row of mature and semi-mature salix alba which are water loving. Lotts’ meadow has a high water table which leads to annual flooding leading to the formation of ponds which attract mallards and other ducks. Emergent and marginal plants and grasses are evident of flooding across the majority of the field. There are three mature Quercus robur all of which have TPO’s. One tree is dead, and limbs have fallen off.

Established hedgerows to the north have a high biodiverse value and hawthorn is currently in flower encouraging bees.

LAND USE: The land is sometimes used for grade 2 farming, however is more commonly used as part of the public access route.

SETTLEMENT: There are no settlements however residential units are visible to the south of the meadow.

RECEPTORS: Pedestrians and dog walkers using the public footpaths. Residents living in the housing to the south.

ENCLOSURE: The field is large and open however is bordered by natural vegetation on all side. Poplar and limes create a high natural screen to the west of the site. Hedgerows to the north, formed of Hawthorn and wild cherry enclose the site.

LAND OWNERSHIP: Owned by Cheltenham Borough Council.

PERCEPTUAL/AESTHETIC FACTORS: Lotts’ Meadow has a sense of wilderness due to the abundance of natural vegetation. The surface is very wet and mossy further emphasising the wild and naturalm qualities of the site. There are constant people and dog walkers using the space creating a sense of place and wellbeing.

OPPORTUNITIES: Lotts’ Meadow must be conserved as an area of ecological importance, in order to protect the landscape and the natural habitats (17, PPS1 Sustainable Development [10]).

Oppurtunity to create surface pools of water to reduce the impacts of flash flooding. This will create habitats all year round.

SENSITIVITIES: Natural surveillence may be necessary, as a limb of an English oak (with a TPO) has been burnt. Bottom photo shows areas of erosion due to pedestrians and dog walkers.

FLORA & FAUNA: The grass fields are bordered by established dense hedgerows which has ensured habitat creation and preservation. In some areas, conifers have been used instead of hedgerows as they are evergeen. However, they do not have a huge biodiverse value and increase the acidity of the soil. The fields are not maintained regularly leading to the growth of resistant species such as couch grass.

LAND USE: Grade 2 pastoral farming; grazing of sheep was evident in the field furthest east. However, fields are not generally in constant use.

SETTLEMENT: There are abandoned warehouses to the south with machinery and equipment still evident. There is a small house surrounded by overgrown vegetation which has access to Kidnappers Lane. This has recently been sold. There is a small nursery to the west which includes four glasshouses however the success of the industry is limited.

RECEPTORS: Pedestrians and dog walkers using the public footpaths and those with private ownership of the small holdings to the north-east of the site.

ENCLOSURE: The grass fields are enclosed established hedgerows and mature trees and saplings. Each field feels enclosed and is sheltered from the south-westerly prevailing wind.

LAND OWNERSHIP: Privately owned land with designated public access routes.

PERCEPTUAL/AESTHETIC FACTORS: The fields are enclosed with natural screening creating a tranquil and quite space with no noise pollution. The public footpaths mean that the the site is continously being used creating a sense of place and community.

The unmaintained hedgerows and grassland create a sense of wilderness and naturalness.

OPPORTUNITIES: Located centrally in relation to the whole site.

Ideal location for a primary school and community hub as the services would be a walking distance from any residential development (38, NPPF [8] & 36, PPS1 [10]) SENSITIVITIES: Located centrally and therefore any development proposal could cause visual pollution from the boundary of the site, including the view from the scarp.

1. Lotts Meadow. Mature Quercus robur visible (Viewpoint: S) 1. Allotments bordered by established hedgerow (Viewpoint: E)

1. Panorama of Burrows Sports Field (Viewpoint:North)

2. Entrance to Lotts Meadow via public path (Viewpoint: N)

1. Private open field with established conifers (Viewpoint: NW)

2. Open unmaintained field with a hedgerow border (Viewpoint:S)

Green Infrastructure Planning Leckhampton Glebe

To reduce visual and noise pollution the existing established hedgerow will be preserved and developed to create a dense coverage. This means that the proposal for the housing will be in a quiet and tranquil environment. The boundary hedgerow will have breaks to allow pedestrian and vehicular ingress and egress.

The north of Leckhampton Glebe will be the integral part of the proposed development and will include mixed use housing, community allotments and the community hub and primary school. Creating open green space amongst the architecture will be an important aspect of the proposal and encourage community involvement. As a result of increased impermeable surfaces, Sustainable Drainage (SuD’s) will be an integral part of the development space to reduce the chance of flooding. This will include pools and swales which will reduce water discharge but also improve biodiversity and create an idyllic landscape to live in.

The riparian corridor of Moorend Stream will be developed and expanded to create a green corridor between A46, Shurdington Road and Church Road. The public right of way will run adjacent to the riparian corridor creating an aesthetically pleasing environment for users.

The riparian corridor will be planted with bog and marginal planting and the miscanthus wetlands will be developed.

GI PLanning Policies Improve signage of PROW to A46 and show links to Leckhampton Hill and Cotswold AONB (Joint Core Strategy, GI 2014) [12] Signage will be addressed to improve legibility of the public rights of way through Leckhampton Glebe. A visitor centre will have detailing maps and routes for public use while there will be a constant engagement with the Cotswold scarp to the south.

Explore potential for a hard surfaced path shared use path from A46 to Church road. Enhance existing habitat along brook through the playing field with more wildlife friendly maintenance, for example by relaxing the mowing regime. (Joint Core Strategy, GI 2014) [12] The public rights of way will be further developed to encourage ingress and egress between the A46, Shurdington Road and Church Road. The riparian corridors will require maintenance and improved using a mixture of aquatic, emergent and marginal planting. The existing miscanthus wetlands will be encouraged and develop as part of Burrows Sport Field.

Provide two multifunctional green corridors along the brooks through the potential development between Shurdington Road, Kidnappers Lane and Church Road. Provide crossing points across Kidnappers Lane and Shurdington Road. (Joint Core Strategy, GI 2014) [12] The riparian corridors will be developed into public rights of way for pedestrians and cycle users. This will include dog walkers who regularly use Leckhampton Glebe. The riparian corridors will provide a natural screening and aesthetically pleasing viewpoints form the proposed development.

81. To enhance the beneficial use of the Green Belt, such as looking for opportunities to provide access; to provide opportunities for outdoor sport and recreation; to retain and enhance landscapes, visual amenity and biodiversity. (National Planning Policy Framework, 2012) [8] Green belt land will be developed into Country Park which will be multifunctional. The country park will encourage biodiversity and provide habitats for a vast array of wildlife. The park will be aesthetically pleasing with surface bodies of water, riparian corridors and woodland retreats. Burrows Field will continue to be an amenity space for recreational activities and sports.

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115. Great weight should be given to conserving landscape and scenic beauty in National Parks, the Broads and Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty, which have the highest status of protection in relation to landscape and scenic beauty. (National Planning Policy Framework, 2012) [8] Leckhampton will be well maintained and conserved as it is on the border of the Cotswold Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. Care must be taken to not damage the viewpoint of the Cotswold Scarp from Leckhampton Glebe. There must be clear ingress and egress between Leckhampton Glebe and Hill.

118. Development proposals where the primary objective is to conserve or enhance biodiversity should be permitted and opportunities to incorporate biodiversity in and around developments should be encouraged. (National Planning Policy Framework, 2012) [8] Development will be proposed around green space where biodiversity will be encouraged. The two riparian corridors will provide areas of ecological importance segregating any development proposal. The incorporation of Sustainable Drainage Systems will also encourage biodiversity amongst development.

The riparian corridor of Hatherley Brook will be developed and expanded to create a green corridor between A46, Shurdington Road and Church Road. The public right of way will run adjacent to the riparian corridor creating an aesthetically pleasing environment for users. The riparian corridor will cut through the country park and bridges will be integrated into the public right of ways. The corridor will also be an important green space amongst the development of mixed use housing.

The old pear orchard will be maintained and then conserved.

Much of the invasive brambles and grasses will be removed but the pear trees will not be touched unless necessary.

Burrows Sports Field, Lotts’ Meadow and the allotments form the amenity space encouraging community involvement, recreation, conservation and preservation. The allotments are going to become part of CommunitySupported Agriculture scheme supporting involvement and social interaction.

The grasslands, private paddocks, and grade 2 pastoral farming space will become part of the enclosed Country Park. The park will be more than 10 hectares in size and must be defined by a clear boundary. It will be a natural landscape formed of woodland, grassland, wetland, heathland and parkland with no more than 5% of the land built on. The park will be well signposted with clear footpaths, bridleways and cycle routes. The country park will also encourage community involvement and management of the landscape. [13]

CP1. Development will be permitted only where it takes adequate account of the principles of sustainable development. (Cheltenham Borough Local Plan 2nd Review, 2006) [11] The areas of ecological importance will be conserved and enhanced, including Lotts’ Meadow and the riparian corridors. Previously used land, such as the abandoned nurseries will be developed as this is brownfield land with little environmental prospect.

CP3. Development will be permitted where it would not harm landscape character, safeguard and promote biodiversity and minimise the risk of flooding. (Cheltenham Borough Local Plan 2nd Review, 2006) [11] The existing riparian corridors, established hedgerows and mature specimen trees will be safeguarded and maintained to develop biodiversity. Areas of wetlands and marshlands adjacent to Moorend Stream will be encouraged to risk flooding. While Sustainable Drainage will be integrated to hold bodies of water before being drained away reducing discharge during high precipitation.

22. Regional planning authorities and local authorities should promote the sustainable use of water resources; and the use of sustainable drainage systems in the management of run-off. (PPS1, Delivering Sustainable Development, 2005) [10] The role of the JC Strategy and Cheltenham Borough Council is to encourage the use of sustainable drainage systems in the development proposal. SuD’s will be incorporated to reduce the risk of flooding, improve biodiversity and break up areas of development (118, NPPF).

Zoning Plan Leckhampton Glebe

Key Principles Applicants will be expected to work closely with those directly affected bytheir proposals to evolve designs that take account of the views of thecommunity.Proposals that can demonstrate this in developing the designof the new development should be looked on more favourably (66, NPPF [8]).

Housing development will be required to demonstrate the efficient use of land between 30 and 50 dwellings per hectare, with a greater intensity of development at places with good transport accessibility.

(HS2, Cheltenham Borough Local Plan 2nd Review) [11]

To ensure that sustainable development considers the interrelationship between social inclusion, protecting and enhancing the environment, the prudent use of natural resources and economic development.

(24, PPS1, Sustainable Development) [10]

Proposed Development PLanning Policies 28. To promote a strong rural economy, plans should promote the development and diversification of agricultural and other land-based rural businesses; support sustainable rural tourism and leisure developments that benefit businesses, communities and visitors, and which respect the character of the countryside. (National Planning Policy Framework, 2012) [8] Existing private allotments can be developed and expanded and/or Community-Supported Agriculture (CSA) can be introduced to encourage local communities and rural tourism. Existing amenity space and open grasslands can be used for grade 2 pastoral farming or developed into a community farm attracting visitors and volunteers.

69. Aim to achieve safe and accessible developments, containing clear and legible pedestrian routes, and high quality public space, which encourage the active and continual use of public areas. (National Planning Policy Framework, 2012) [8] The design proposal will take into account natural surveillance and encourage open public space which has a sense of place and community. Clear signage of public rights of way and route guides in the visitor centre will improve the legibility of the proposal.

97. To help increase the use and supply of renewable and low carbon energy, local planning authorities should recognise the responsibility on all communities to contribute to energy generation from renewable or low carbon sources. (National Planning Policy Framework, 2012) [8] Renewable energy including solar panels and photovoltaic cells will be integrates into the design of the proposed housing developments. The use of vehicles will be kept to a minimum, while walking and cycling to reduce the carbon footprint will be encouraged.

100. Avoid development in flood risk areas (National Planning Policy Framework, 2012) [8] All proposed development will be located away from Lotts’ Meadow and Burrows Sports Field which are prone to severe flooding during periods of high precipitation.

20. Key characteristics of a mixed community are a variety of housing, particularly in terms of tenure and price and a mix of different households such as families with children, single person households and older people (PPS 3, Housing, 2011) [9] A mix of housing will be part of the development proposal to improve the sphere of influence to the site.

Houses designed for families will encourage children to the area who will attend the local school.

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36. To ensure that housing is developed in suitable locations which offer a range of community facilities and with good access to jobs, key services and infrastructure. (PPS 3, Housing, 2011) [9] Housing development will be in close proximity to the community hub, local primary school and community allotment gardens. Housing will be a walking distance from public access routes which will have suitable ingress and egress.

CP5. Development will be permitted only where it is located and designed so as to minimise the need to travel and provide adequate accessibility to the site for vehicles, including public transport, pedestrians, cyclists and people with disabilities. (Cheltenham Borough Local Plan 2nd Review, 2006) [10] The development proposal will have integrated public open space, legible public rights of way with wide-enough paths for wheelchair access and clearly marked cycle routes. Vehicles will have access into and out of the site, however the use of public transport, in the form of a public bus will be encouraged to limit congestion along the A46.

CP7. Development will only be permitted where it is of a high standard of architectural and urban design, and complements and respects neighbouring development and the character of the locality and landscape. (Cheltenham Borough Local Plan 2nd Review, 2006) [10] The architectural design of the house will be aesthetically pleasing and will encourage the use of locally sourced material, such as Cotswold Stone. Green walls and green roofs will be integrated as part of the urban design of the architectural elements. The proposal is in a rural location and therefore the housing will be designed to correspond with the local characteristics.

Legend

Country Park

Amenity Space

Proposed Development Primary School

Existing Development

Community Hub

Green Corridors (PROW)

Existing Road

Existing PROW

Proposed Road

Proposed PROW

Natural Screening

Community Green Space

Nature Interpretation Centre

SD13. 40% of housing should be affordable. (Joint Core Strategy, 2014) [14] A mixture of housing types will be integrated into the development proposal will widen opportunities for home ownership and create sustainable, inclusive and mixed communities, improving the sphere of influence of people into the area.

SD5. Prioritise walking, cycling and public transport (Joint Core Strategy, 2014) [14] This will help to reduce congestion on the A46, and reduce the greenhouse emissions associoated with it.

Action for Mitigation Leckhampton Glebe

Green Infrastructure Planning

Impermeable Surfaces & Flood Risk As a result of large scale development, impermeable surfaces will be constructed reducing infiltration and percolation of water. Instead water will run as surface runoff which could lead to flash flooding particularly during periods of high precipitation.

Controlling the ingress and egress of water is vital. Development proposals have been located away from Lotts’ Meadow (Moorend Stream) which is a high flood risk area (100, NPPF [8]). However, Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SuD’s) will be integrated into areas of hard material construction to prevent surface runoff (22, PPS1, Sustainable Development [10]). Part H of the Building Regulations 2000 gives priority to the use of sustainable systems in the drainage of water (13.25, Cheltenham Borough Local Plan [11]). SuD’s will include flow limiting devices (ponds) and infiltration areas (soakaways, filter drains and swales). This system holds water before it infiltrates the soil reducing the lag time and the discharge of surface water. In turn the development will be resilient and resistant (103, NPPF [8]). The use of SuD’s will create aesthetically pleasing green space and encourage natural habitats (13.25, Cheltenham Borough Local Plan [11]). Moorend Stream is prone to flooding leading to pools of surface water in Lotts’ Meadow. The process of managed retreat will be undertaken to naturally create natural ponds which will encourage flora and fauna including the riparian corridor in Burrows Field (JCS, GI). As a result excess surface water will drain into the ponds and reduce the spread of flooding.

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Security and Crime Prevention In order to prevent crime and create a safe and secure housing scheme a mixture of artificial and natural surveillance will be required. Good design is an important aspect of natural surveillance and the process of creating environments where crime and disorder, and the fear of crime, do not undermine quality of life or community cohesion (58, NPPF [8]). The use of open green amenity space amongst residential properties will ensure constant viewpoints from balconies or windows (12.63, Cheltenham Borough Local Policy [11]). The proximity of residential housings will create a sense of community in relation to security and prevention of illegal activity and crime. The design of public right of ways will prohibit blind corners and suitable lighting will be provided so the paths can be used at night with the same feeling of safety and security as there is during the day. The development proposal has an underlying connection with community involvement. This includes community productive space, amenity space and improved recreational facilities all of which will ensure a safe environment with a sense of place and involvement.

Noise & Visual Pollution and Natural Screening The A46, Shurdington Road is a quick, heavily used road which suffers from severe congestion during peak times. As a result, this leads to increased emissions but also in relation to the location of proposed mixed use housing; noise and visual pollution. Kidnappers Lane is also used as a cut through which means vehicles tend to drive quickly increasing the noise pollution. The proposed housing development is in close proximity to the road infrastructure as a result of ease of access, flat land and close relation with existing residential units. This will cause high levels of noise pollution and clear viewpoints between the road and the housing. To mitigate this, a natural form of screening will be integrated to improve the biodiversity within and around the development (118, NPPF [8]) but also create a boundary to minimise noise and visual pollution. The use of an established hedgerow and row of mature native trees will be developed to create a dense natural boundary minimising the detrimental visual and noise impacts from the road. This will have a significant impact on preventing views of the proposed development from the residential property along Kidnappers Lane and Farm Lane to the west of the site. The development of hedgerows encourages habitat production and will act as a wind block from the south westerly prevailing wind (7.60 Cheltenham Borough Local Plan [11]).

Site Legibility The development proposal for Leckhampton Glebe is a multifunctional space incorporating residential, commercial, recreational and agricultural activity. To allow ease of access around the site, clear routes and signage is required which will be necessary for vehicles, pedestrians and cyclists. Public Rights of Way will be clearly visible and information regarding the routes and the site in general will be found at the Nature Interpretation Centre. The centre will also provide information regarding the wildlife and biodiversity of the site, including the relationship of Leckhampton Glebe with the Cotswold scarp (Joint Core Strategy, GI [12]). Cycle routes will be marked clearly to improve legibility and limit confusion between pedestrian and cycle users. The use of the public rights of way and cycle routes will be encouraged over the use of vehicles which release greenhouse emission and cause congestion (30, NPPF [8]). Lighting will be an important aspect of the design proposal to ensure the legibility and robustness remain constant at night. Through good design the use of the artificial lighting should be kept to a minimum reducing light pollution in amenity spaces and areas of ecological importance (125, NPPF [8]).

Traffic Congestion Greenhouse emissions along A46, Shurdington Road are already above average as a result of severe traffic congestion during peak times. The development proposal for Leckhampton Glebe is multifunctional therefore will increase the sphere of influence of the site. There will be an increased number of residents, employees, visitors and tourists visiting the site. This will have a detrimental impact on local congestion and over crowdedness. The transport system needs to be balanced in favour of sustainable transport modes, giving people a real choice about how they travel. Public Rights of Way and cycle rotes will be encouraged over the use of vehicles (29, NPPF [8]). However, it is not just the problem of movement within the site but more importantly the surrounding landscaping which includes Cheltenham and the old Leckhampton Village.

To combat this, a ‘Park and Ride System’ will be introduced to reduce the number of vehicles on the road. ‘Park and Ride systems comprise a number of surface car parks on the periphery of the urban areas, where motorists entering the town are offered the opportunity of parking their cars and continuing their journey to the town centre by a specially provided low cost and frequent public transport service’ (14.64, Cheltenham Borough Local Plan [11]). Leckhampton is considered to be on the outskirts of Cheltenham town, however the multifunctional proposal will dramatically improve the socio-economic qualities of the site linking it to Montpellier which is in close proximity. The accessibility and information regarding the Stage Coach 10 Bus route will be improved to encourage the park and ride system.

Environmental Concern and Conservation There are already signs of erosion at Lotts’ Meadow and Burrows Sports Field, as a result of pedestrians, dog walkers and recreational activities. As part of the development proposal, there will be the intention to increase the number of people using the space. This will include local residents and local communities, visitors and tourists, all of which will have a detrimental impact on surface erosion on flora and fauna. As a result, the conservation and preservation of the ecology must be the most significant aspect of the development proposal in order to protect and enhance the valued landscapes, geological conservation interests and soils (109, NPPF [8]). This includes maintaining the water quality of the two water courses, Hatherley Brook and Moorend Stream. Maintaining the quality of the water environment is essential for amenity, recreation and wildlife (8.45, Cheltenham Borough Local Plan [11]). Finally, the brownfield site of the abandoned nursery will be remediated prior to any development proposal being accepted. This is to ensure it does not have a detrimental impact on the heath of the pedestrians or lead to the contamination of the Hatherley Brook and the riparian corridor (PNE4, Cheltenham Borough Local Plan [11]).

Proposed Zoning Plan

Bibliography Leckhampton Glebe

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Last accessed 10th May 2016. (PDF) [2]. Natural England. (2014). 107. The Cotswolds. Available: www.gov.uk/natural-england. Last accessed 10th May 2016. (PDF) [3]. Leckhampton with Warden Hill Parish Council (2013). Neighbourhood Planning, NPPF Concept Plan and Local Green Space Application. Available: http://www.leglag.org.uk [4]. Dave Mullins. (Unknown). Welcome to LEGLAG. Available: http://www.leglag.org.uk/LEGLAG/Welcome.html. Last accessed 10th May 2016.

[5]. C.M.Bell. (2013). The archaeological and historical importance of the Leckhampton area identified for possible. Available: http://www.leglag.org.uk/LEGLAG/Evidence_files/Leckhampton%20Archaeological%20Surveys%202013.pdf. Last accessed 10th May 2016.

[6]. Dave Mullins. (Unknown).Cheltenham Green Park. Available: http://www.leglag.org.uk/ LEGLAG/Area.html. Last accessed 10th May 2016.

[7]. Unknown. (Unknown). Walk No. 1 Lott Meadow and Leckhampton Glebe. Available: http:// leckhamptonlhs.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/7/5887234/walk1.pdf. Last accessed 10th May 2016.

[8]. Department for Communities and Local Government. (2012). National Planning Policy Framework. Available: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_ data/file/6077/2116950.pdf. Last accessed 10th May 2016.

[9]. Communities and Local Government. (2011). Planning Policy Statement 3: Housing (PPS3).

Available:http://www.housinglin.org.uk/_library/Resources/Housing/Policy_documents/PPS3. pdf. Last accessed 10th May 2016.

[10]. Communities and Local Government (2011). Planning Policy Statement 1: Delivering Sustainable Development (PPS1). Available: http://www.sustainabledevelopment.org.uk/_library/ Resources/Sustainabledevelopment/Policy_documents/PPS1.pdf. Last accessed 10th May 2016.

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[11]. Cheltenham Borough Council. (2006). Cheltenham Borough Local Plan 2nd Review.

Available: http://www.gct-jcs.org/Documents/Examination-Document-Library/Cheltenham-Borough-Local-Plan-2nd-Review-2006.pdf. Last accessed 10th May 2016.

[12]. Joint Core Strategy- Gloucester-Cheltenham-Tewkesbury. (2014). Green Infrastructure Strategy. Available: http://www.gct-jcs.org/Documents/EvidenceBase/Green-Infrastructure-Strategy-June-2014.pdf. Last accessed 10th May 2016.

[13]. Natural England and Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. (2014). Get accreditation for a country park you manage. Available: https://www.gov.uk/guidance/get-accreditation-for-your-country-park. Last accessed 10th May 2016.

[14]. Unknown. (2014). Home. Available: http://www.gct-jcs.org/. Last accessed 10th May 2016.