AD6601 Landscape & Community
Walkability of St Pauls
Toby Kirkaldie s1408902
AD6601 Landscape & Community
Table of Contents
01 Introduction 02 The Problems 03 St Paul's Road 04 Junction 1 05 Junction 2 06 Junction 3 07 Precedent Study 08 Traffic Calming Junction 1 01 Functional Design 02 Radical Design
Junction 2 01 Functional Design 02. Radical Design
09 Evaluation 10 Bibliography
01 Walkabable Principles Health
AD6601 Landscape & Community
Introduction
Community Legibility Safety Green Space Biodiversity Shelter Seating Pedestrianised Interaction Public Activity Hide Cars Traversable Proximity Focal points Functional Radical
Walkability is a measure of how friendly an area is to walk, categorised into; social, economic and environmental benefits. In general, a walkable environment will consist of short distances with areas of opportunity and areas of shelter. This is particularly important where driving is inconvenient or an individual is without a car. Walking must be traversable for everyone, including; children, the elderly and disabled. In other words, the opportunity to walk must be without major barriers. Walk 21 is an international charter for walking and suggests that walking is not just a transport mode, but a way of living. Walk 21 can be used to guide walkability for St Pauls Ward. The community of St Pauls is located in the centre of Cheltenham, with a large and diverse mix of residents. At present, there is approximetly 7000 residences comprising single family homes, a student population, community housing associations and multi-tenant dwellings. Community within St Pauls Ward is managed and run by the SPRA, St Pauls Road Area Residents Association. The association was established in June 2008 and provides an effective way to capture and address the common concerns of the community. There are numerous magnets in St Pauls that attract people to the ward. Subsequently, the number of people who live or visit the ward for its facilities have put a large strain on community walkability. As the following pages will show, the existing road network plays an important role in ensuring the legibility of walking. This is because a poor road infrastructure leads to poor pedestrian movement and safety.
St Pauls Church
Pittville Pump Room
St Pauls School House Cafe, charity managed School House Cafe, community first cafe in St Pauls
Pittville Pump Room
The Brewery and Gym Centre
Prince of Wales Stadium
Hardwick Art & Fashion Campus
Pittville Pump Room Prince of Wales
Pittville School
Lesiure @ Chelt
Pittville Park
Honeybourne Line
Dunalley Primary School
Hardwick Campus
Central Cross Cafe St Paul's Church Wellington Square Francis Close Hall Campus Clarence Square Matalan Pittville Circus North Place Car Park The Brewery
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The Problem The concern with St Pauls is not necessarily the number of people walking but more significantly the safety issues and legibility of walking in the ward. The map (right) shows the road hierarchy and pedestrian network, recorded at 9am on a Monday; a week day. The blue circles highlight the pedestrian density, including walking at certain locations; focusing on key junctions and destination points. People consisted, mainly of students, residents, parents and children; and workers. The major destinations recorded were; Francis Hall Campus, Gardners Lane Primary School, Cheltenham Town Centre and local Bus Stops. The major issue noticed is that roads with the most vehicle usage are the same networks used by pedestrians. This is because the road network has been integrated to provide direct routes to key destinations, including the large number of residential dwellings in St Pauls. Subsequently, pedestrian routes have been integrated alongside road planning rather than being designed and implemented with walking in mind.
Side Roads
Along A4019, traffic lights have been implemented to control traffic flow but also provide pedestrian access, to and from Cheltenham Town Centre. Traffic lights indicate vehicle priority however, pedestrians are ensured a safe crossing point, which is particularly important for the disabled and visually impaired. The integration of traffic lights, however, does cause traffic which is noticeable along the A4019, which has a knock on effect to the surrounding road network.
Honeybourne Line
St Pauls Road, the direct vehicle network integrated into the ward has been recognised as a major concern for walking.
High Density Network
Medium Density Housing
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St Paul's Road
Vehicular Network
Key Crossing Points
Key Junction Points
As shown in the diagram, the large number of side-roads encourages drivers to use St Pauls Road as a ‘rat-run’ instead of using the A4019, which is heavily congested particularly during peak times. Subsequently, with no traffic calming measures in place along St Pauls Road, drivers tend to drive very quickly. This being said; on-road parking bays have been implemented to withstand the quantity of resident and student vehicles. On-road parking does reduce vehicle speed, however encourages sudden breaking and acceleration and changing of direction which can be even more dangerous for pedestrians and drivers. The on-road parking leads to traffic congestion particularly if there is a side road opposite. A single lane of traffic is created, which builds up along the road, which can lead to inpatient and aggressive driving behaviour. The parking dramatically reduces visibility which is major concern as drivers can’t always see pedestrians crossing. This could lead to fatal consequences, particularly for visually impaired pedestrians. When crossing, vehicles have priority which is a huge issue, particularly at junctions where cars are approaching from different directions. The pavements are particularly narrow in places meaning pedestrians are closer to the road which is somewhat disconcerting and certainly not enjoyable. This is a concern for wheelchair or pushchair users as they are forced to use the road, particularly when residential bins are taking up space. The integration of natural elements is minimal with only a handful of street trees, leading to a grey and aesthetically displeasing landscape. The pavement surface is uneven and irregular with multiple hazards.
Accessibility to Honeybourne Line
Double -yellow lines and no on-road parking reduces traffic congestion
St Pauls Road meets Swindon Road
Bin reducing pavement width
On-road parking causing congestion
Two Street Trees, very minimal
Hardwick Campus
St Pauls Church FCH Campus
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Junction 1 Road Network
Junctions
Pedestrian Pavements
Designated Pedestrian Crossing
On-road Parking Bays
Side road parking bays
Specimen Trees
Street Lights
Bollards
Junction 1, focuses on the entrance to Francis Close Hall Campus, which has two designated vehicle access points, used also for pedestrian access, and a central entrance which is restricted to walking and cycle access only. The University Car Park provides direct vehicle access onto St Pauls Road, forming two major junctions that require attention. There are three other junction points, located along the stretch of St Pauls Road, adjacent to FCH Campus. Albert Street and Hungerford Street are side roads providing access to rows of Artisan residential dwellings. St Pauls Lane borders FCH Campus to the East, and is a two-lane narrow road, with a newly constructed pavement, providing access onto the A4019, to the South. The major concern with this stretch of St Pauls Road is the safety associated with pedestrian crossing particularly with the integration of on-road parking. The pedestrian access point into FCH Campus has a lowered kerb which suggests a safe crossing for those walking. However, opposite is a section of on-road parking bays. Subsequently the direct route to the opposite pavement is restricted, increasing the amount of time spent on the road. For the visually impaired this can be very dangerous. The on-road parking bays reduce road width, restrcting two-lanes of traffic, which subsequently leads to sudden changes in vehicle speed and traffic congestion. This increases the risk of pedestrian crossing at peak times particularly with the inclusion of side road traffic. The FCH Campus has pockets of vegetation with a processional row of specimen trees which provides some visual appeal and guidance for pedestrians. The two narrow access/service lanes, opposite the University are not used efficiently, however provide the opportunity to integrate pedestrianised green corridors.
On-road parking opposite entrance
St Pauls Road showing on-road parking and the entrance to University
Pedestrian access and path network
Pedestrian access from pathway
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
Vehicle acess used by pedestrians
Vehicle acess from St Pauls Road
05 Road Network
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Junction 2
Junctions
Pedestrian Pavements
Designated Pedestrian Crossing
On-road Parking Bays
Give Way Sign Posts
Street Lamps
Heritage Post Box
Public Bin
Junction 2, focuses on the cross-junction integrating St Pauls Road with Marle Hill Parade and Dunalley Street. The cross-junction is located to the East of St Pauls, close to the start of St Pauls Road. The entrance to Marle Hill Parade includes two lanes of traffic, however where the on-road parking bays begin on either side, indicates the start of a one-way system. Subsequently, vehicles accessing St Pauls Road are forced to use Dunalley Parade which provides a direct route through the residential dwellings. Similarly, Dunalley Street is a one-way road, providing access onto the A4019 to the South. However, vehicles parked in the on-street parking bays can access St Pauls Road with a two-lane junction point. Although this improves accessibility, the confusion associated with vehicle direction is an issue for both driver and pedestrian. Marle Hill Parade and Dunalley Street have lowered kerbs providing pedestrian crossing points for those walking along St Pauls Road. However, due to the vehicle network of the roads, the crossing point is unsafe and risky due to vehicles coming from different directions. This is a problem, as vehicles tend to use the roads as a connected ‘cut-through’ meaning pedestrians are forced to not only keep an eye out for cars along St Pauls Road but also the associated side roads. Along St Pauls Road there is no on-road parking bays and yellow lines prohibit parked cars. Thus, vehicles tend to drive quickly down this stretch of road which is an issue for driver and pedestrian, particularly due to the proximity to residential dwellings, increasing noise pollution. Traffic calming measures will be necessary to limit vehicle speed without causing congestion.
St Pauls Road from Marle Hill Parade
Cross-Junction, showing Marle Hill Parade meet St Pauls Road
St Pauls Road from Dunalley Street
Pedestrian crossing point
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
Entrance to Marle Hill Parade
St Pauls Road, from Dunalley Road
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Junction 3
Road Network
Junctions
Pedestrian Pavements
Designated Pedestrian Crossing
On-road Parking Bays
Side road parking bays
Safety Barriers
Specimen Trees
Street Lights
Public Bus Stop
Junction 3, shows the vehicle and pedestrian network in the western zone of St Pauls Road, integrating two junction points; Carlton Place and Folly Lane. Carlton Place is a narrow, twolane ‘cut-through’ road used to access Swindon Road to the South. This eliminates the necessity to use the roundabout to the West, which has a restricted view and a dangerous ‘blind spot’. Folly Lane is an undulating two-lane road providing access to Leisure @ Chelt, Prince of Wales Stadium, Pittville Park and newly constructed residential dwellings. Carlton Place has a tight access point creating restricted views for both, driver and, pedestrian trying to cross the road. This is particularly dangerous due to the speed at which vehicles drive along the serpentine bend of St Pauls Road; and the on-road parking located to the West, opposite the entrance to the Honeybourne Line. Public Buses uses Carlton Place which causes heavy breaking and vehicle congestion due to the poor turning-circle of the bus. This is highly dangerous, as cars are forced to stop on a bend which could lead to a fatal collision. The T-junction where Folly Lane meets St Pauls Road, has cars turning from three different directions which poses a threat to driver and pedestrian trying to cross. The crossing point has hazard warning paving for the visually impaired, however vehicles have priority and tend to drive very quickly along Folly Lane. Subsequently, the opportunity for pedestrian crossing is unsafe and risky. The presence of two street trees is very minimal and the bench is overlooking St Pauls Road which is not aesthetically satisfying in any way. The large expanse of tarmac to the East of Folly Lane has no function, therefore creates a desolate and dull pedestrian space. Folly Lane has off-road parking bays reducing traffic congestion and inconsistent vehicle speed. Junction 3 has been highlighted as a major concern, however plans have already been implemented to integrate a roundabout with pedestrian crossings encouraging traffic flow and walkability. Therefore, a design proposal is not necessary.
Tight entrance to Carlton Place
Vehicle forced to cut across the lane to access St Pauls Road
Damaged railings due to accidents
Open pedestrian space with one tree
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
Public Bus Stopping Bay
Isolated bench and street tree
07 Alternative surface material Legible pedestrian crossing Designated Cycle Routes
AD6601 Landscape & Community
Precedent Study
Off-road parking bays Adequate street planting Bollards to provide separation Alternative street surfaces Wide Pavements Adequate street lighting Creation of shared spaces Pedestrian priority integration Street furniture Vibrant colour Strong aesthetic character Radical transformation Integration of water Biodiversity Serpentine Road Network
The precedent studies show examples of successful walkability opportunities and pedestrian priority systems integrated within vehicle networks. The examples chosen are from all over the world indicating the global importance and significance of walkable communities. Cheonggyecheon River linear park is an urban restoration project, turning a traffic-choked elevated freeway and concrete paved waterway into a biodiverse riparian corridor. The green oasis is not only an environmental success, but a social and economic accomplishment; encouraging community engagement and interaction with the stream and it has catalysed financial prosperity. Superkilen Park is an urban landscape stretching through the north-west of Nørrebro, a multi-cultural district in Copenhagen. The red square integrates markets, culture and sport with gym equipment and priority cycle routes. While the black square encourages urban living with comfy seating and barbecue facilities. Finally, the green park encourages sport and play integrated within the softly undulating hills. Crescent Village, California is a visionary mix of high quality housing, retail shops and service and office space with integrated green space and pedestrian priority. The urban village reduces dependence on vehicles and encourages sense of community. Wide sidewalks and pedestrian-friendly streets create a lively atmosphere for interaction. Gentle serpentine roads and off-road parking bays integrated within a green park ensures an aesthetic experience for driver and pedestrian.
Exhibition Road, London
Cheonggyecheon River Regeneration Project, Seoul
Colourful Housing in Paris
Lombard Street, San Francisco
Ingress Park, Greenhithe
Crescent Village, California
Superkilen Park, Denmark
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Traffic Calming Traffic calming measures do not focus on the character of a landscape as shown in the precedent study examples. Instead traffic calming has been integrated to deal with the specific issues concerned with road safety in a certain area. The vehicle network in St Pauls creates an unsafe environment for driver and pedestrian. Subsequently, a variety of traffic calming should be implemented. Road art and street illusions create aesthetically pleasing streets which are beneficial for drivers and pedestrians. It encourages vehicle users to be more aware of their surroundings, consequently they tend to slow down and pay more attention to the streetscape. In relation to walkability it creates visual focal points and encourages interaction and engagement with the environment and other pedestrians. It does not just have to be road art and street illusions; visual appeal of the surrounding buildings will also impact walkable opportunities. Pedestrian Crossings provide safe and legible crossing for pedestrians, forcing drivers to slow down and give way to anyway that is waiting. The addition of Central Islands helps to divide road lanes and provides a safe waiting point for pedestrians trying to cross wide roads. On-road street parking is designed to reduce vehicle speed however, off-road parking bays reduce congestion and encourage safe crossing. Widening pathways provides the opportunity to integrate off-road parking and reduces the distance that pedestrians have to cross. The integration of bays not only encourages parking but provides the opportunity to integrate street cafes and green space.
Street Closure
Speed Humps and Bumps
Road Art/Street Illusion
Off-Road Parking Bays
Speed Cameras
Road Chicanes and Give Way Traffic Calming using a roundabout with pedestrian priority crossing
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Junction 1
Eco-grid permeable off-road parking bays
Functional Design
As part of the functional proposal, pedestrian crossings have been integrated to provide a safe crossing for those walking, while also encouraging vehicles to slow down and be more aware of pedestrians. A zebra crossing has been proposed outside the pedestrian entrance into FCH University Campus where the current lowered kerb is positioned. For the zebra crossing to be implemented, the on-road parking bays on the opposite side of St Pauls Road, have been removed. Along Albert Street, Hungerford Street and St Pauls Lane, pedestrian crossings have also been integrated where the kerb has been extended. Rather than using zebra crossings, hard materials will be implemented to differentiate between vehicle priority and pedestrian priority. Granite setts will be laid to create a small hump and uneven surface, encouraging vehicles to slow down. While, a red resin bound gravel will be used to signify pedestrian crossing with a smooth finish which is ideal for wheelchair or pram users. Speed humps will be positioned along St Pauls Road, forcing vehicles to slow down providing a safer environment for walking and pedestrian crossing. The on-street parking bays opposite the vehicle access points into the FCH University Campus have been removed to improve vehicle ingress and egress. The parking bays reduce vehicle speed encouraging a safer and more enjoyable environment for walking. Therefore, the pavement width will be extended slightly, forcing vehicles to change direction, and subsequently, slow down. This will also provide the opportunity to integrate planters and street trees.
Raised planter creates a naturally pleasing chicane to reduce vehicle speed.
Lighting and security will be necessary to encourage walkability
Raised planters will hide the change in level and create a visually pleasing environment Green Corridor with a wooden boardwalk and shade tolerant planting
Zebra Crossing provides a safe access point for pedestrians into FCH University Campus
Raised pedestrian crossing with granite sett humps and resin bound gravel crossing point.
AD6601 Landscape & Community
Change in material indicates off-road parking bays
Junction 1 Radical Design
Rather than concentrating on specific traffic calming for the associated junctions, the radical solution focuses on a proposal that integrates the entire stretch of St Pauls Road. The surface level of St Pauls Road will be raised to the level of the parallel pavements creating a sense of pedestrian priority, encouraging vehicles to slow down and for the drivers to be prepared for people crossing the road. Granite setts will be laid to the East of St Pauls Lane (East) and Victoria Street (West) to create; the change in level, speed hump and uneven surface; all of which forcing vehicles to reduce their speed. Rather than using a red resin bound gravel as proposed in the functional solution; road art will be integrated to create a visually pleasing landscape encouraging walkability; and make drivers more aware of their surrounding. The road art will use vibrant colours of tarmac associated with the University of Gloucestershire theme. This signifies the large student population that use St Pauls Road for walking, and extends the University’s presence in the surrounding environment. The lines of colour will get narrower as vehicles approach the central pedestrian point into the FCH Campus. The transverse markings will encourage vehicles to slow down as they approach the primary pedestrian crossing point. St Pauls Lane will be pedestrianised with a priority cycle route and associated bike racks, prohibiting vehicular access. This will encourage walking and cycling between St Pauls Road and the A4019, which provides a direct link into Cheltenham Town Centre. This will also provide a priority access point into the FCH Campus which is currently a mixed-use entrance with vehicle and pedestrian access. The pedestrian zone provides the opportunity to integrate vegetation, including; raised planters and street trees; and a small cafÊ and seating.
The colours are associatd with the vibrant colours of the University of Gloucestershire
Road surface raised using granite speed humps, creating a sense of pedestrian priority.
St Pauls Lane will be pedestrianised with street trees, priority cycle lanes with designated bike racks and pop-up cafes and appropiate seating
Transverse Markings reduce vehicle speed as driver approaches pedestrian crossing
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Junction 2
Functional Design
The cross-junction is a major concern due to the speed at which vehicles drive along St Pauls Road and the confusion associated with the apparent one-way side roads; Marle Hill Parade and Dunalley Street. Subsequently, this has a detrimental impact on walkability. At the cross-junction, the existing kerbs will be extended on all roads reducing the road width, forcing vehicles to slow down as they approach, particularly along St Pauls Road. The extended kerbs will provide the opportunity to integrate pedestrianised crossing due to the reduced distance associated with crossing the roads. The pedestrian crossings will be raised to the level of the existing pavements, signifying pedestrian priority and encouraging access for wheelchair and pram users. Granite setts will provide an uneven hump creating a visual boundary and reducing vehicle speed. Zebra crossings will provide a safe crossing points for pedestrians. The extended kerbs will also provide small pockets to integrate low-maintenance evergreen planting. Along St Pauls Road, where appropriate, extending the kerbs will provide the opportunity to integrate parking bays which do not directly impact vehicles, however narrowing the road width and the chicanes forcing gentle changes in direction will reduce vehicle speed. As well as providing a safer walking environment, reduced vehicle speed will also limit noise pollution which is ideal for the residential dwellings located parallel to the road. Speed cushions will also be integrated to reduce vehicle speed, particularly prior to the designated pedestrian crossing.
Marked speed cushions encourage vehicles to slow down, reducing noise pollution
Extended kerbs reduce vehicle speed and provide the opportunity to integrate street trees.
Kerbs have been extended to provide a large surface area for walking and tighter roads to control vehicle speed. Vegetation provides a natural and visually pleasing barier
Zebra crossing with granite setts creating a small hump and uneven surface reducing vehicle speed
A red resin bound gravel will be used at the cross junction and for the on-road parking bays. The change in material will make drivers more aware of their surroundings
AD6601 Landscape & Community
Junction 2 Radical Design
Rather than focusing specifically on pedestrian crossing and reducing vehicle speed, the radical solution provides the opportunity to create multifunctional shared space, encouraging community engagement and walkability. Along St Pauls Road, either side of the side roads, Marle Hill Parade and Dunalley Street, the road surface will be raised, level with the existing pavements. Granite setts will be laid to create the small hump, and delineate between vehicular priority and pedestrian priority. The uneven surface associated with granite setts will encourage vehicles to slow down as they approach the junction. Along Marle Hill Parade and Dunalley Street, the entire surface will be raised to the height of the existing kerbs, signifying the shared space zones. Marle Hill Parade and Dunalley Street will be one-way streets only, rather than having two-lane junction points which causes confusion for both driver and pedestrian. Vehicles will be able to access Marle Hill Parade from St Pauls Road only, while Dunalley Street provides a one-way access route to the A4019 only. The shared space will be paved using Buff York stone Setts which are aesthetically pleasing for pedestrians, while also resilient and hard-wearing for vehicle usage. Although an uneven surface would reduce vehicle speed, surface will have a smooth finish to improve ease of access for wheelchair and pram users; and cyclists. Rather than parallel on-road parking bays, angled parking bays will be implemented to ensure vehicles can only access the road in one direction improving road legibility. The parking bay surfaces will be formed of a permeable eco-grid encouraging grass to grow; and creating a division between vehicle priority and shared space. A priority cycle route, with bike racks, will encourage cycling between Cheltenham Town Centre and Pittville Park. The shared space will provide the opportunity to integrate vegetation, including raised planters and street trees, with appropriate tree grids. CafĂŠ shops with seating will encourage people to utilise the space for more than just a transitional
Eco-grid permeable off-street parking bays
Priority Cycle Lane with pedestrian crossing points
A small cafe will encourage people to utilise the space rather than seeing it as a transitional route
A buff York Stone indicates shared space, with a smooth finish to encourage wheelchair and pram users
Raised planters and street trees break up the hard materials and create an aesthetically pleasing enviornment to encourage walkability
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Evaluation From this project, it is clear that St Pauls Ward requires regeneration and redevelopment to encourage walkability and community engagement. Analysing key junctions of concern, highlighted the opportunities and constraints for improving pedestrian and vehicular movement. Researching specific good design examples and traffic calming measures provided the inclination to create both functional and radical opportunities for St Pauls Road. Functional Solutions integrate specific traffic calming measures to reduce vehicle speed and density; and encourage a safe and visually pleasing environment for walking. Functional solutions are integrated at specific junctions, improving circulation within a designated zone rather than impacting the entire road network. This is ideal, as it improves walkability without having a detrimental knock-on effect elsewhere. On the other hand, traffic calming measures, do not change the surrounding environment, as such, meaning sections of St Pauls Road will continue to have a dull aesthetic appeal that does not encourage walkability. Radical Solutions relate more to the Precedent Study examples, encouraging regeneration of an entire area to encourage walkability and improve the visual appeal of a landscape. Radical solutions integrated for St Pauls Road and the associated side roads, include; road art with vehicle calming integrated, shared space and pedestrianised zones. These proposals create new environments which improve walkability as they not only provide safe and aesthetically satisfying places but provide focal points and attractions. For example, the proposed cafĂŠ shop with seating and green space along Dunalley Street will improve the sphere of influence encouraging people to integrate within the space. This project is successful as it focuses on the local community, which includes residents and students and their intertwining. Living in St Pauls Ward provides the opportunity to design in a more personal and specific manner. As a result, the design proposals focus on the problems that are noticeable on a daily basis.
Proposed pedestrian crossing for the entrance to FCH University Campus with street trees and floral shrubs Shared Space with an integrated priority cycle route, pop-up cafe and green-grid car parking spaces along Dunalley Street
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Bibliography
Introduction (Images)
http://schoolhousecafe.co.uk/our-cafe/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/43169688@ N03/16409228906 http://www.theatresonline.com/theatres/cheltenham-theatres/pittville-pump-room/ https://uk.pinterest.com/pin/431712314256818396/ https://gloucestershirephoto.wordpress.com/author/ gloucestershirephoto/page/3/ http://benrobinsongroundphotos.weebly.com/gloucestershire-all-golds---prince-of-wales-stadium.html
Precedent Study (Images)
http://inhabitat.com/seoul-recovers-a-lost-stream-transforms-it-into-an-urban-park/ http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2094939/Britainslongest-clutter-free-street-unveiled-make-things-SAFER.html http://www.panoramio.com/photo/118924595 http://www.infotravel.club/5759/lombard-street-san-francisco/ https://www.crescentvillageeugene.com/ http://www.arcspace.com/features/big--topotek1--superflex/superkilen/
Traffic Calming (Images)
http://www.trendhunter.com/trends/road-as-a-canvas http://www.theconceptmakers.com/ http://www.theasiantoday.com/index.php/2016/06/13/ speed-cameras/ http://www.livingtransport.com/results.php?t=asset&search=72 http://www.highwaysindustry.com/category/parking-fm/