Histoires faciles à lire. Anglais. Comedies

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Comedies The Taming of the Shrew followed by As you like it and A Midsummer Night’s Dream

Choix des textes, adaptation et notes

Jean-Claude Burgué Agrégé d’anglais


Dans la même collection aux éditions Ophrys : en espagnol : •

• •

• • •

Histoires faciles à lire - espagnol, nouvelles de J. L. Borges, J. Cortázar, P. Baroja, A. M. Matute, E. Galeano, R. Sánchez Ferlosio, A. Monterroso, M. Benedetti, B. Atxaga, 2006

Historias Insólitas, 6 nouvelles de B. Pérez Galdós, H. Quiroga, P. Antonio de Alarcón, M. Gutiérrez Nájera, 2016 (Niveau 3)

Historias de amor y desamor, 6 nouvelles de R. Alcaide de Zafra, J. Dicenta Benedicto, A. Nervo, E. Pardo Bazán, D. Herrera, 2017 (Niveau 3) Anaconda, une nouvelle de H. Quiroga, 2018 (Niveau 1)

Horror, amor y humor, 5 nouvelles de R. Arlt, 2018 (Niveau 2)

Cuentos y relatos de pequeños y mayores, G. Nájera, R. Delgado, J. Martí (Niveau 3)

en anglais : • • • • • •

Histoires faciles à lire - anglais, histoires de M. Mahy, R. Hughes, R. Ainsworth, R. Dahl, L. Ingalls Wilder, G. Durell, 2006 For Love and Dollars, 5 nouvelles de O. Henry, 2016 (Niveau 1)

Horror Stories, 6 nouvelles de E. Allan Poe, F. Marion Crawford, Saki, 2016 (Niveau 3) Mr. Holmes, 2 nouvelles de Sir A. Conan Doyle, 2017 (Niveau 2)

Exile, 3 nouvelles de E. M. Eaton, D.H. Lawrence, G. Moore, 2018 (Niveau 3)

Tragedies, Tales from Shakespeare de Charles et Mary Lamb, 2019 (Niveau 4)

en allemand : • • •

Histoires faciles à lire - allemand, 11 histoires de J. Rosler, K. Held, H. Spoerl, W. Breinholst, S. Von Radecki, C. Lemon, 2004 Über Stock und Stein, 6 textes des frères Grimm, de H. Fallada, K. Tucholsky, 2018 (Niveau 3) Lustige Geschichten, 10 nouvelles de Jo Hanns Rösler, 2019 (Niveau 2)


en russe : • • • • •

Histoires faciles à lire - russe, extraits de la presse, A. Boulanger, 2008 Wagner l’Inventeur, 3 nouvelles de A. Beliaïev, 2018 (Niveau 3)

Premier amour, 4 nouvelles de Z. Hippius, A. Kouprine, A. Tchekhov, L. Tolstoï, 2018 (Niveau 2) Histoires drôles, 7 nouvelles de V. Veressaïev, Ilf et Petrov, A. Avertchenko, D. Kharms, A. Kouprine, A. Tchekhov, 2019 (Niveau 2) Histoires d’horreur, 5 nouvelles de V. Brioussov, A. Grine, O. Somov, I. Tourgueniev, 2020 (Niveau 3)

en grec : • • •

Voyou, une histoire de P. Delta, 2018 (Niveau 3)

La mer, 4 nouvelles de A. Karkavitsas, C. Théotokis, A. Papadiamándis, 2019 (Niveau 2)

Dieux blessés, poèmes de Kostas Karyotakis et Maria Polydouri, 2020 (Niveau 3)

en italien : •

Vampiri, 2 nouvelles de L. Capuana, D. O. Marrama, 2019 (Niveau 3)

en portugais : •

Histórias de amores contrariados, 2 nouvelles de E. de Queiroz, 2020 (Niveau 3)

en catalan : •

Ciutat i prodigis, 6 nouvelles de N. Oller, 2019 (Niveau 2)

La collection « Histoires faciles à lire » s’adresse à tous ceux qui ont envie de lire des textes littéraires en version originale. Les ouvrages regroupent par thèmes les textes d’auteurs connus et reconnus dans chacune des langues proposées. Les textes sont présentés en version intégrale ou en version adaptée et simplifiée, selon le niveau de difficulté. L’essentiel du vocabulaire nécessaire est traduit sur la page de gauche pour une lecture facile et rapide. Quatre niveaux pour quatre groupes de lecteurs : Niveau 1 : super facile pour débutants et adolescents (A2 vers B1) Niveau 2 : facile (B1) Niveau 3 : intermédiaire (B1 vers B2) Niveau 4 : avancé (B2 vers C1)



INTRODUCTION En adaptant les pièces de Shakespeare sous forme de contes pour enfants, Charles Lamb et sa sœur Mary souhaitaient rendre plus aisé l’accès aux œuvres originales. Tales From Shakespeare fut publié en 1807. Pour Shakespeare, une comédie avait pour but d’amuser le public. La satire est donc absente de ces histoires dans lesquelles on trouvera un savant mélange de drôlerie, jeux de mots, déguisements, quiproquos, facéties, erreurs d’identité, surnaturel, artifice et magie. Le décor champêtre participe de cette magie, tant il se prête à l’imagination et à la fantaisie qui, avec la superstition, plaisaient à l’Angleterre élisabéthaine. Dans ces trois contes, c’est dans le processus de résolution d’histoires d’amour contrariées que se déploie la comédie, prélude infaillible à un mariage heureux. Résumer les comédies de Shakespeare était une tâche difficile, eu égard à la complexité des intrigues et à la profusion des personnages. Ainsi, les auteurs ont-ils dû simplifier certains pans des pièces originales, éliminer des personnages secondaires, sans pour autant priver les récits de l’humour, de l’atmosphère féérique et de la trame narrative. Ils ont par ailleurs veillé à reprendre le vocabulaire de Shakespeare autant que possible afin de préserver la beauté de la langue.



TABLE DES MATIÈRES CHARLES & MARY LAMB

p. 11

The Taming of the Shrew (1807) p. 13 (Original version of the tale)

As you like it (1807)

p. 49

(Original version of the tale)

A Midsummer Night’s dream (1807) (Original version of the tale)

p. 103



CHARLES & MARY LAMB Charles (1775-1834) and Mary (1764-1847) Lamb were brother and sister. The Lamb household was extremely poor and could not provide adequate education for the children. Nevertheless, thanks to Mr Lamb’s employer, Charles was able to attend Christ’s Hospital School where he met Samuel Taylor Coleridge, who was to be his life-long friend and became a famous poet. Charles began working as a clerk with the East India Company, while Mary earned her life by doing needlework. At the age of 19, Charles renewed contact with Coleridge and began writing sonnets under his influence. Tragically, both Charles and Mary suffered from insanity at a young age: Charles spent time in an asylum when he was 20 and the following year, Mary stabbed her mother to death. After some time in a mental institution, she was taken in by Charles, who became her guardian whilst continuing his literary activity. After earning a little fame thanks to his essay The Londoner, Charles was commissioned by the philosopher William Godwin to write tales for children based on Shakespeare’s plays, which he did together with Mary. Tales From Shakespeare was published in 1807 to great acclaim. 11


Les 10 mots clés de l’histoire to tame = apprivoiser a shrew = une mégère witty = plein d’esprit to feign = feindre, simuler to woo = courtiser a dowry = une dot an odd match = un couple non assorti to subdue = adoucir, réprimer to summon = convoquer, faire venir obedient = obéissant

12


The Taming of the Shrew La Mégère apprivoisée

The original play was written by Shakespeare in 1593-1594. The tale was written by Mary Lamb in 1807.

How can Katharine, “an ungovernable spirit and fiery temper,” be changed into “the most obedient and duteous wife in Padua?” Such transformation, astonishing though it may be, is the goal of a rich gentleman named Petruchio. His motivations are both worldly and dishonourable: he does it for money and for fun. This is comedy at its best. Though the two characters are equally determined, Petruchio has the edge over Katharine. With flattery, lies, jest and most of all wit, he gradually crushes her resistance until she becomes an obedient and gentle wife, as befitted Elizabethan standards.

13


the Shrew = la Mégère

• •

fiery = impétueux a loud-tongued scold = une harpie au verbe haut

venture = se risquer, s’aventurer

deferring his consent = différer son consentement gentle = douce putting off [...] suitors = repoussant les prétendants was fairly off his hands = ne serait plus du tout à sa charge free leave = toute liberté

• • • •

• • • • • • • • • •

purposely = dans le but nothing discouraged = aucunement découragé termagant = harpie meek and manageable = docile et raisonnable none was so fit = personne n’était plus apte to set about = entreprendre witty = plein d’esprit withal = en outre feign = simuler deportment = comportement

14


The Taming of the Shrew

Katharine the Shrew was the eldest daughter of Baptista, a rich gentleman of Padua. She was a lady of such an ungovernable spirit and fiery temper, such a loud-tongued scold, that she was known in Padua by no other name than Katharine the Shrew. It seemed very unlikely, indeed impossible, that any gentleman would ever be found who would venture to marry this lady, and therefore Baptista was much blamed for deferring his consent to many excellent offers that were made to her gentle sister Bianca, putting off all Bianca’s suitors with this excuse, that when the eldest sister was fairly off his hands, they should have free leave to address young Bianca. It happened, however, that a gentleman, named Petruchio came to Padua, purposely to look out for a wife, who, nothing discouraged by these reports of Katharine’s temper, and hearing she was rich and handsome, resolved upon marrying this famous termagant, and taming her into a meek and manageable wife. And truly none was so fit to set about this herculean labour as Petruchio, whose spirit was as high as Katharine’s, and he was a witty and most happytempered humourist, and withal so wise, and of such a true judgment, that he well knew how to feign a passionate and furious deportment, when his spirits were so calm that himself could have laughed merrily at his own angry feigning, for his natural temper was 15



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