Initiation à la programmation et aux algorithmes avec Scheme, L. Bloch -Éditions Technip

Page 1



Laurent BLOCH Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers

INITIATION à la PROGRAMMATION et aux ALGORITHMES > Scheme < Préface de Christian Queinnec

2020

Éditions TECHNIP

5 avenue de la République, 75011 PARIS


CHEZ LE MÊME ÉDITEUR • Initiation à la programmation et aux algorithmes avec Python L. BLOCH

• Étude de cas en statistique décisionnelle S. TUFFÉRY

• Big Data, Machine Learning et Apprentissage Profond S. TUFFÉRY

• Média Planning J. F. CANGUILHEM, M.P. CUEFF

• Data science par analyse des données symboliques F. AFONSO, E. DIDAY, C. TOQUE

• Data mining et statistique décisionnelle S. TUFFÉRY

• Modélisation prédictive et apprentissage statistique avec R S. TUFFÉRY

• Probabilités, analyse des données et statistique G. SAPORTA

Tous droits de traduction, de reproduction et d’adaptation réservés pour tous pays. Toute représentation, reproduction intégrale ou partielle faite par quelque procédé que ce soit, sans le consentement de l’auteur ou de ses ayants cause, est illicite et constitue une contrefaçon sanctionnée par les articles 425 et suivants du Code pénal. Par ailleurs, la loi du 11 mars 1957 interdit formellement les copies ou les reproductions destinées à une utilisation collective.

© Éditions Technip, Paris, 2020. Site web de l’auteur : https://laurentbloch.net ISBN 978-2-7108-1190-9


h #H2 /2b K iBฤ `2b

h #H2 /2b K iBฤ `2b

B

S`รป7 +2

R

p Mi@T`QTQb

j

R 6QM/ iBQMb RXR * H+mH miQK iB[m2 X X X X X X X X X X X X RXk J +?BM2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RXj AM7Q`K iBQM X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RXjXR *Q/ ;2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RXjXk *Q/ ;2 /2 Hวถรป+`Bim`2 X X X X X X X RXjXj GวถBM7Q`K iBQM bQmb Hวถ M;H2 7Q`K2H RXjX9 AM7Q`K iBQM 2i T`Q# #BHBiรปb X X X RX9 H;Q`Bi?K2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RX8 S`Q;` KK2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RXe G M; ;2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X

RR RR Rk R9 R9 R8 Rd Rd RN kR kk

k S`2KB2`b รปHรปK2Mib /2 a+?2K2 kXR LQiBQMb รปHรปK2Mi B`2b X X X X X X X X X X X X kXk 1tT`2bbBQMb bBKTH2b X X X X X X X X X X X X X kXkXR LQK#`2b X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X kXkXk * ` +iฤ `2b 2i +? ล M2b /2 + ` +iฤ `2b kXkXj "QQHรป2Mb X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X kXkX9 A/2MiB} Mib 2i bvK#QH2b X X X X X X kXkX8 *QKK2Mi B`2b X X X X X X X X X X X kXj 1tT`2bbBQMb +QKTQbรป2b X X X X X X X X X X X kXjXR *QK#BM BbQMb X X X X X X X X X X X X kXjXk GBbi2b X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X kX9 LQKK2`- `2KรปKQ`2`- /รป}MB` , p `B #H2 X X kX9XR LQiBQMb /2 p `B #H2 2i /2 HB BbQM X kX9Xk .รป}MBiBQM- 2MpB`QMM2K2Mi X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X

k8 ke kd k3 kN kN jy jR jR jR jj j9 j9 j8

B


BB

h "G1 .1a J hAฤ _1a kX8

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

jN jN 9y 9R 9R 9R 9j 9j 98 9d 93 9N 8R 8j

j *`รป2`- K MBTmH2` /2b T`Q;` KK2b jXR AMi2`T`รปi iBQM /วถmM T`Q;` KK2 +QMi2Mm / Mb mM }+?B2` X jXk *? `;2` mM T`Q;` KK2 /2TmBb mM }+?B2` X X X X X X X X X jXkXR G T`Q+รป/m`2 HQ / X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X jXkXk 1t2KTH2 /วถmb ;2 /2 HQ / X X X X X X X X X X X X X X jXkXj G2b HBKBi2b /2b p Mi ;2b /2 HQ / X X X X X X X X X jXj *QKTBH iBQM /2 T`Q;` KK2b a+?2K2 X X X X X X X X X X X jXjXR SQbBiBQM /2 H [m2biBQM X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X jXjXk S`รปb2Mi iBQM /m +QKTBH i2m` "B;HQQ X X X X X X X jXjXj *QKTBH2` mM T`Q;` KK2 p2+ "B;HQQ X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X

88 8e 8d 8d 8d 83 83 83 8N ey

X X X X X X X X X

e8 e8 ed ed e3 dy dj dj d9 d9

kXe

kXd kX3 kXN kXRy kXRR kXRk kXRj

*`รป2` /2b T`Q+รป/m`2b p2+ /2}M2 X X X X X X kX8XR 6Q`K2 /วถmM2 /รป}MBiBQM /2 T`Q+รป/m`2 kX8Xk JQ/ฤ H2 /วถรปp Hm iBQM T ` bm#biBimiBQM S`รป/B+ ib 2i Hi2`M iBp2 X X X X X X X X X X X kXeXR lb ;2 /2b T`รป/B+ ib X X X X X X X X X kXeXk lM2 +QM/BiBQMM2HH2 X X X X X X X X X X kXeXj PTรป` iBQMb #QQHรป2MM2b X X X X X X X X *Bi iBQM X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X *QKKmMB[m2` p2+ Hวถ2tiรป`B2m` X X X X X X X X 1M+? ล M2` /2b +iBQMb , #2;BM X X X X X X X X lM2 mi`2 +QM/BiBQMM2HH2 , +QM/ X X X X X X X H2i- H2i X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X S`Q;` KK iBQM BMi2` +iBp2 2i H2i MQKKรป X X S`Q+รป/m`2- `;mK2Mib- p `B #H2b X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

9 6Q`K2b 2i ivT2b 9XR lM2 MQi iBQM ;` KK iB+ H2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 9Xk .2b 2tT`2bbBQMb mt /QMMรป2b , MQiBQM /2 ivT2 X X X X X X 9XkXR hvT ;2 2i Dmbi2bb2 /2b T`Q;` KK2b X X X X X X X X 9XkXk .รป}MBiBQMb /m ivT2 /2 /QMMรป2b X X X X X X X X X X 9XkXj hvT2b /2 /QMMรป2b b+ H B`2b 2M a+?2K2 , MQK#`2b 9XkX9 hvT2b b+ H B`2b 2M a+?2K2- bmBi2 , #QQHรป2Mb X X X 9XkX8 hvT2b b+ H B`2b- 2M+Q`2 , bvK#QH2b X X X X X X X X X 9XkXe * ` +iฤ `2b X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 9XkXd *? ล M2b /2 + ` +iฤ `2b X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X

8 S`Q+2bbmb /2 + H+mH dd 8XR LQiBQM /วถรปp Hm iBQM `รป+m`bBp2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X dd 8Xk o `B #H2b HB#`2b Qm HBรป2b- p `B #H2b ;HQ# H2b X X X X X X X X X X X dN 8Xj *QMbi`m+iBQM /2 T`Q+รป/m`2b X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 3k


h "G1 .1a J hAฤ _1a 8XjXR 8XjXk 8XjXj 8XjX9

.รป}MBiBQM /2 T`Q+รป/m`2 `รป+m`bBp2 X X X Jรป+ MBbK2 2z2+iB7 /2 H `รป+m`bBQM X X X S`Q+รป/m`2b Biรป` iBp2b X X X X X X X X X X S`Q+2bbmb `รป+m`bB7 2M `#`2 , 6B#QM ++B

BBB X X X X

X X X X

X X X X

X X X X

X X X X

3k 3j 39 3N

e *QMbi`mB`2 /2b /QMMรป2b eXR .Qm#H2ib X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X eXRXR .รป}MBiBQM 2i `2T`รปb2Mi iBQM X X X X X X X X X X X X eXRXk liBHBb iBQM /2b /Qm#H2ib- +QMbi`m+i2m`b- bรปH2+i2m`b eXk _2T`รปb2Mi iBQM 2i K MBTmH iBQM /2b HBbi2b X X X X X X X X eXkXR .2b+`BTiBQM 2i `2T`รปb2Mi iBQM 2ti2`M2 X X X X X X X eXkXk G2b HBbi2b bQMi /2b /Qm#H2ib X X X X X X X X X X X X eXkXj J MBTmH iBQM /2 HBbi2b X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X eXkX9 _2T`รปb2Mi iBQM BMi2`M2 /2b HBbi2b X X X X X X X X X eXj 1t2KTH2b /วถQTรป` iBQMb bm` H2b HBbi2b X X X X X X X X X X X X eXjXR TT2M/ X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X eXjXk `2p2`b2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X eXjXj K T X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X eXjX9 7Q`@2 +? X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X eXjX8 TTHv X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X eXjXe 1M+Q`2 mM2 +QK#BM BbQM /2 K T 2i TTHv X X X X eXjXd h` MbTQbBiBQM /2 K i`B+2 p2+ K T 2i TTHv X X X eX9 S`Q+รป/m`2b p2+ mM MQK#`2 p `B #H2 /วถ `;mK2Mib X X X X eX8 S`รป/B+ ib /วถรป[mBp H2M+2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X eX8XR 2[p\ X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X eX8Xk 2[\ X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X eX8Xj 2[m H\ X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X eX8X9 *QKT ` BbQM /2 HBbi2b X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X eX8X8 + b2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X eXe GBbi2b /วถ bbQ+B iBQMb U @HBbi2bV X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X eXd *Bi iBQM 2M+Q`2 , [m bB[mQi2- mM[mQi2 2i mM[mQi2@bTHB+BM;

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

Nj N9 N9 Nd N3 N3 RyR Ryk Ry8 Ryd Ryd Ry3 Ry3 RyN RRy RRR RRk RR9 RR9 RR8 RRe RRe RRe RRd RR3 RRN

X X X X X X X X

RkR X Rkk X Rkk X Rkk X Rk9 X Rke X Rke X Rk3 X RjR

d mi`2b 7Q`K2b TQm` H2b T`Q+รป/m`2b dXR ฮ X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X dXRXR ฮป@2tT`2bbBQM X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X dXRXk LQKK2` mM2 ฮป@2tT`2bbBQM X X X X X X X X dXRXj H2i 2i H K#/ X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X dXk SQ`iรป2- 2MpB`QMM2K2Mib- 72`K2im`2b X X X X X X X dXkXR SQ`iรป2 H2tB+ H2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X dXkXk SHmb bm` H2b 2MpB`QMM2K2Mib X X X X X X X dXkXj JQ/ฤ H2 /วถรปp Hm iBQM p2+ 2MpB`QMM2K2Mi

X X X X

X X X X X X X X

X X X X

X X X X X X X X

X X X X

X X X X X X X X

X X X X

X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X


Bp

h "G1 .1a J hAฤ _1a X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X

Rjk Rj9 Rj9 Rj8 R9y R9R R99 R98 R98 R9e

3 Zm2H[m2b T b p2`b H2 KQM/2 `รป2H 3XR 1Mi`รป2b@bQ`iB2b , MQiBQMb ;รปMรป` H2b X X X X X X X X X X X X X 3Xk h` Bi2K2Mi /2 }+?B2` , T`รปHBKBM B`2b X X X X X X X X X X X X 3XkXR G # M[m2 /2 bรป[m2M+2b /2 T`QiรปBM2b arBbb@S`Qi 3XkXk Pmp2`im`2 /2 }+?B2` X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 3XkXj .Bbb2+iBQM /วถmM2 T`QiรปBM2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X 3XkX9 G2b T`Q;` KK2b X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 3Xj G2+im`2 /วถmM # M[m2 2MiBฤ `2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 3XjXR bbm`2` HวถBMiรป;`Biรป /2b }+?B2`b X X X X X X X X X X X 3X9 GB`2 mM }+?B2` bรป[m2MiB2H X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 3X9XR GB`2 /2b bรป[m2M+2b X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 3X9Xk GB`2 /2b HB;M2b X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 3X9Xj h` Bi2K2Mi /วถmM2 bรป[m2M+2 X X X X X X X X X X X X 3X9X9 h2bi /2 }M /2 }+?B2` X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 3X8 >Bรป` `+?B2 /2 KรปKQB`2 , /QMMรป2b MmKรป`B[m2b kyR3 X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

R8R R8R R8k R8j R88 R8e R8e R83 R8N R8N Rey ReR Rek Rej Re9

N o2+i2m`b 2i รปi ib /2 KรปKQB`2 NXR o2+i2m`b X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X NXRXR ++รป/2` mt /QMMรป2b 2M i2KTb +QMbi Mi NXRXk G2 ivT2 p2+i2m` 2M a+?2K2 X X X X X X X NXRXj o2+i2m`b ?QKQ;ฤ M2b X X X X X X X X X X X NXk 1MpB`QMM2K2Mi 2i KรปKQB`2 X X X X X X X X X X X NXkXR z2+i iBQM X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X NXkXk 1M+ TbmH iBQM 2i T bb ;2 /2 K2bb ;2 X X NXkXj aQmb Hวถ2MpB`QMM2K2Mi- H KรปKQB`2 X X X X NXkX9 *QMb2BHb /2 T`Q;` KK iBQM X X X X X X X NXj lb ;2 /2b p2+i2m`b , MMm B`2 รปH2+i`QMB[m2 X X X NXjXR G2 T`Q#Hฤ K2 2i b bQHmiBQM M ล p2 X X X X NXjXk .2b Hi2`M iBp2b- K Bb p2+ H2m`b /รป7 mib NXjXj Gวถ /`2bb ;2 /BbT2`bรป X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X

Red Re3 Re3 ReN Rd8 Rdd Rdd Rd3 R3R R3j R3j R39 R38 R3d

dXj

dX9

dXkX9 2p H X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X .2b ฮป@2tT`2bbBQMb +QKK2 p H2m`b X X X X X X X X X X dXjXR S`Q+รป/m`2b +QKK2 p H2m`b X X X X X X X X X X dXjXk 1t2KTH2 , i`B X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X dXjXj H2i MQKKรป X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X dXjX9 Aiรป` iBQM p2+ /Q X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X dXjX8 ฮป@2tT`2bbBQMb ยจ THmbB2m`b T ` Kฤ i`2b , *m``v h` Bi2K2Mi /2b 2``2m`b- MQiBQM /วถ2t+2TiBQM X X X X X dX9XR G2b 2``2m`b 2tBbi2Mi X X X X X X X X X X X X X X dX9Xk 1t+2TiBQMb X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X


h "G1 .1a J hAฤ _1a NX9

:รป`2` NX9XR NX9Xk NX9Xj

H KรปKQB`2 T?vbB[m2 , :* 2i TBH2 G2 ;H M2m` /2 +2HHmH2b X X X X X LQiBQM /วถ /`2bb2 X X X X X X X X SBH2 /วถ2tรป+miBQM X X X X X X X X X

p X X X X

X X X X

Ry lM H M; ;2 TQm` /รป+`B`2 /2b H;Q`Bi?K2b , RyXR G bvMi t2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RyXk h` /m+iBQM 2M a+?2K2 X X X X X X X X X X X RyXj 1t2KTH2 , `2+?2`+?2 HBMรป B`2 / Mb mM2 HBbi2 RyXjXR Gวถ H;Q`Bi?K2 X X X X X X X X X X X X RyXjXk 1t2KTH2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RyXjXj 1M a+?2K2 \ X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X

X X X X

X X X X

X X X X

X X X X

X X X X

X X X X

X X X X

X X X X

X X X X

X X X X

RNj RNj RNe RNd

H2 Tb2m/Q+Q/2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X

kyR kyR kyj ky9 ky9 ky9 ky8

RR H;Q`Bi?K2b /2 i`B- TTHB+ iBQM mt p2+i2m`b RRXR _2+?2`+?2 /B+?QiQKB[m2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RRXRXR S2mi@QM ++รปHรป`2` H `2+?2`+?2 /วถmM รปHรปK2Mi / Mb mM2 HBbi2 \ X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RRXRXk H;Q`Bi?K2 /B+?QiQKB[m2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RRXk h`B T ` BMb2`iBQM X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RRXkXR *QKTH2tBiรป X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RRXj h`B T ` bรปH2+iBQM X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RRX9 h`B 7mbBQM /2 p2+i2m` X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RRX8 h`B 7mbBQM /2 HBbi2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RRXe h`B ` TB/2 UZmB+FbQ`iV X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RRXd h`B HBMรป B`2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RRX3 h`B / Mb H2 i b X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

kyd X ky3 X X X X X X X X X X

ky3 ky3 kRy kRj kRj kRe kRN kkR kkj kkd

Rk S`Q;` KK iBQM KQ/mH B`2 RkXR SQbBiBQM /2 H [m2biBQM X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RkXk LQiBQM /2 KQ/mH2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RkXkXR G2b KQ/mH2b /2 "B;HQQ X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RkXkXk *QMbi`m+iBQM /วถmM T`Q;` KK2 KQ/mH B`2 X X X X X X RkXj JQ/mH2 TQm` H2 ivT2 /2 /QMMรป2 TBH2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RkXjXR ai`m+im`2 /2 TBH2- /รป}MBiBQM X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RkXjXk AKTHรปK2Mi iBQM X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RkXjXj TTHB+ iBQM , i` Bi2K2Mi /2 i #H2 m X X X X X X X X X X RkXjX9 lM KQ/mH2 TQm` H2 ivT2 /2 /QMMรป2b ฤฟ TBH2 ล X X X X X RkX9 K F2 2i J F27BH2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RkX9XR avbiฤ K2b /2 +QM};m` iBQM X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RkX9Xk lM J F27BH2 bBKTH2 TQm` +QMbi`mB`2 mM T`Q;` KK2 RkX8 lM2 T2iBi2 # M[m2 /2 T`QiรปBM2b X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X

kj8 kje kjd kj3 k9R k9j k9j k99 k9d k9d k8y k8y k8R k88


pB

h "G1 .1a J hAฤ _1a RkX8XR *`รป2` H # M[m2 2i H biQ+F2` X X X X X X RkX8Xk *QMbmHi2` H # M[m2 X X X X X X X X X X X RkX8Xj G2 J F2}H2 TQm` +QMbi`mB`2 Hวถ2Mb2K#H2 X RkXe .BbTQb2` /2 THmbB2m`b p2`bBQMb /วถmM T`Q;` KK2 RkXeXR G2 T`Q#Hฤ K2 ยจ `รปbQm/`2 X X X X X X X X X RkXeXk avbiฤ K2b /2 ;2biBQM /2 p2`bBQMb X X X X X RkXeXj oQ+ #mH B`2 /2 H ;2biBQM /2 p2`bBQMb X X RkXeX9 S`รป+ miBQMb TQm` H ;2biBQM /2b }+?B2`b X RkXeX8 lM _*a /รป+2Mi` HBbรป , J2`+m`B H X X X X RkXeXe lM _*a +2Mi` HBbรป , am#p2`bBQM X X X X X

Rj S`Q;` KK2` TQm` H2 qqq RjXR *:A 2M a+?2K2 X X X X X X X RjXRXR G2 7Q`KmH B`2 X X X X RjXRXk G2 T`Q;` KK2 *:A X RjXRXj G2 J F2}H2 X X X X X RjXRX9 _ M;2` H2b }+?B2`b X RjXk MMm B`2 bbQ+B iB7 2M *:A

X X X X X X

X X X X X X

X X X X X X

X X X X X X

X X X X X X

X X X X X X

X X X X X X

X X X X X X

X X X X X X

X X X X X X

X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X

k8e key key key key kej ked keN keN kdk

X X X X X X

X X X X X X

X X X X X X

X X X X X X

X X X X X X

X X X X X X

X X X X X X

X X X X X X

kd8 kd8 kde kdd k3R k3k k3j

R9 oBi2bb2- + H+mHb kNR R9XR M Hvb2 /2 T`Q;` KK2b X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X kNR R9XRXR .B{+mHiรปb /2 Hวถรปim/2 2tTรป`BK2Mi H2 X X X X X X X X X X X kNk R9XRXk S`รป/B+iBQM bvKTiQiB[m2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X kN8 R9Xk .QMMรป2b +QKT ` iBp2b TQm` [m2H[m2b H;Q`Bi?K2b X X X X X X X jyd R9Xj * H+mH /2 KQv2MM2b 2i p `B M+2b- i` Bi2K2Mi /2 ~Qib /2 /QMMรป2bjy3 R9XjXR JQv2MM2 T ` H Kรปi?Q/2 M ล p2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X jy3 R9XjXk * H+mH Biรป` iB7 T ` mM H;Q`Bi?K2 /2 "X SX q2H7Q`/ X X jyN R9XjXj * H+mH p2+ mM ~mt /2 /QMMรป2b X X X X X X X X X X X X X jRk R8 _2+?2`+?2 /2 KQib / Mb mM i2ti2 R8XR H;Q`Bi?K2 7Q`+2 #`mi2X X X X X X X X X X X X X R8Xk H;Q`Bi?K2 /2 EMmi?@JQ``Bb@S` ii UEJSV X R8XkXR .2b+`BTiBQM X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X R8XkXk TTHB+ iBQM /2 +2i H;Q`Bi?K2 X X X X X R8XkXj *QMbi`m+iBQM /2 H i #H2 /2b T`รป}t2b X R8XkX9 S`Q;` KK2 T`BM+BT H X X X X X X X X X X R8XkX8 1{+ +Biรป /2 Hวถ H;Q`Bi?K2 /2 `2+?2`+?2 R8XkXe 1M a+?2K2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X R8XkXd 1M bivH2 `รป+m`bB7 X X X X X X X X X X X X Re S`Q;` KK iBQM /vM KB[m2

X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X

jR8 jR8 jRd jRd jR3 jRN jk8 jk8 jke jke jkN


h "G1 .1a J hAĔ_1a

pBB

ReXR S`Q;` KK iBQM /vM KB[m2 , i`B M;H2 /2 S b+ H X X ReXRXR JûKQ`Bb iBQM X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X ReXRXk lM 2t2KTH2 /2 T`Q;` KK iBQM /vM KB[m2 X ReXk GǶ H;Q`Bi?K2 /2 L22/H2K M 2i qmMb+? X X X X X X X ReXj * H+mH2` mM HB;M2K2Mi T ` `2iQm` bm` i` +2 X X X X

X X X X X

X X X X X

X X X X X

jkN jjy jjy jjj j99

Rd miQK i2b }MBb RdXR miQK i2 }MB /ûi2`KBMBbi2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RdXRXR >QKK2- HQmT- +?Ä•p`2- b H /2 X X X X X X X X X X X X RdXRXk 01- TmBb / HB#BimK X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RdXRXj *QKTi2` H2b 0 2i H2b 1 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RdXk miQK i2 }MB MQM /ûi2`KBMBbi2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RdXj ú[mBp H2M+2 L6 Äœ .6 - 2tTQbû /ǶmM 2t2KTH2 X X X X X X RdXjXR *QMbi`m+iBQM BM7Q`K2HH2 /2b bQmb@2Mb2K#H2b /Ƕûi ib RdXjXk * H+mH /2b bQmb@2Mb2K#H2b TQm` mM 2t2KTH2 X X X X RdX9 G2 i?ûQ`Ä•K2 /Ƕû[mBp H2M+2 .6 @L6 X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X

j8R j8R j8j j88 j8e j83 jeR jeR jej je9

R3 G M; ;2b `û;mHB2`b R3XR .û}MBiBQMb 2i `û7û`2M+2b X X X X X X X X X X X X R3Xk S`2KB2` 2t2KTH2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X R3Xj mi`2b `Ä•;H2b X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X R3X9 S`2KB2`b `2TÄ•`2b i?ûQ`B[m2b X X X X X X X X X X R3X9XR PTû` iBQMb bm` H2b H M; ;2b X X X X X X R3X9Xk G2b # b2b /2b 2tT`2bbBQMb `û;mHBÄ•`2b X X R3X8 1t2KTH2b +QKK2Miûb X X X X X X X X X X X X X X R3X8XR M Hvb2` 2i /û+QKTQb2` mM l_G X X X R3X8Xk S `2Mi?Ä•b2b , ;`QmT2`- + Tim`2` X X X X R3X8Xj aB;M H2` H2b /Qm#HQMb X X X X X X X X X X R3Xe ú[mBp H2M+2 2tT`2bbBQM `û;mHBÄ•`2@L6 @.6 X R3XeXR .2 HǶ miQK i2 ¨ HǶ2tT`2bbBQM `û;mHBÄ•`2 R3XeXk .2 HǶ2tT`2bbBQM `û;mHBÄ•`2 ¨ HǶ miQK i2 R3Xd m /2H¨ /2b H M; ;2b `û;mHB2`b X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

jed jed je3 jeN jdR jdR jdk jdj jdj jdd jd3 j3y j3y j3k j38

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

*QM+HmbBQM , HǶ p2MB` /2 H T`Q;` KK iBQM

j3d

G K +?BM2 /2 hm`BM;

jNR

" G2b "XR "Xk "Xj

MQK#`2b /2b Q`/BM i2m`b jN8 .û}MBiBQMb X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X jN8 S2iBib 2t2KTH2b #BM B`2b X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X jNd *QMp2`bBQM 2Mi`2 # b2b [m2H+QM[m2b X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X jNd


pBBB

h "G1 .1a J hAÄ”_1a "X9 " b2b TmBbb M+2 HǶmM2 /2 HǶ mi`2 X X X X X X X X X X "X9XR B = B k X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X "X9Xk B = B k X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X "X8 LQK#`2 /2 +?Bz`2b /ǶmM MQK#`2 X X X X X X X X X X "Xe LmKû` iBQM mM B`2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X "Xd _2T`ûb2Mi iBQM BM7Q`K iB[m2 /2b MQK#`2b 2MiB2`b "XdXR S`BM+BT2 /2 `2T`ûb2Mi iBQM X X X X X X X X X "XdXk LQi iBQM ?2t /û+BK H2 X X X X X X X X X X X "X3 hvT2b 7` +iBQMM B`2b X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X "X3XR G2b Ä¿ `û2Hb Å€ X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X "X3Xk S`BM+BT2 /2 `2T`ûb2Mi iBQM X X X X X X X X X "X3Xj 1t2KTH2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

* H;Ä•#`2 /2 "QQH2

X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X

9yy 9yy 9yk 9yj 9y9 9y9 9y9 9ye 9yd 9yd 9yd 9yN 9Rj

. .m MQK#`2 m + H+mH 9R8 .XR .û}MBiBQM /2b 2MiB2`b M im`2Hb X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 9R8 .Xk //BiBQM- KmHiBTHB+ iBQM X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 9Re 1 Zm2H 7mi H2 T`2KB2` Q`/BM i2m` \

9RN

AM/2t

9kj

"B#HBQ;` T?B2

9kN


*? TBi`2 R 6QM/ iBQMb

aQKK B`2 RXR RXk RXj

RX9 RX8 RXe

RXR

* H+mH miQK iB[m2 X X X X X X X X X X X X J +?BM2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X AM7Q`K iBQM X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RXjXR *Q/ ;2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RXjXk *Q/ ;2 /2 Hวถรป+`Bim`2 X X X X X X X RXjXj GวถBM7Q`K iBQM bQmb Hวถ M;H2 7Q`K2H RXjX9 AM7Q`K iBQM 2i T`Q# #BHBiรปb X X X H;Q`Bi?K2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X S`Q;` KK2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X G M; ;2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X

RR Rk R9 R9 R8 Rd Rd RN kR kk

* H+mH miQK iB[m2

G2 T`QTQb /2 +2i Qmp` ;2 2bi /วถ TT`2M/`2 ยจ T`Q;` KK2` H2b Q`/BM i2m`bX LวถBKTQ`i2 [m2H Q`/BM i2m`- TmBb[mวถBHb bQMi iQmb รป[mBp H2Mib- 2i TQm` iQmi T`Q;` KK2- TmBb[m2 H2 T`QT`2 /วถmM Q`/BM i2m` 2bi HวถmMBp2`b HBiรป- +วถ2bi@ยจ@/B`2 H + T +Biรป ยจ i` Bi2` iQmb H2b T`Q#Hฤ K2b i` Bi #H2b 2z2+iBp2K2MiX p Mi /2 +QKK2M+2`- BH +QMpB2Mi /2 7 B`2 mM iQm` /วถ?Q`BxQM bQKK B`2 /2b [m2biBQMb KBb2b 2M D2m T ` +2b T`2KB2`b KQibX GวถBM7Q`K iB[m2 KQ/2`M2 2bi Mรป2 /2 H `2+?2`+?2 2Mi`2T`Bb2 m /รป#mi /m ssฤ K2 bBฤ +H2 T ` "2`i` M/ _mbb2H 2i H7`2/ LQ`i? q?Bi2?2 / bQmb H2 iBi`2 S`BM+BTB J i?2K iB+ TQm` +QMbiBim2` H2b K i?รปK iB[m2b 2M mM bvbiฤ K2 7Q`K2H R Qษ iQmi2 T`QTQbBiBQM TQm`` Bi ฤ i`2 /รปKQMi`รป2 T ` mM + H+mH HQ;B[m2X . pB/ >BH#2`i 2i Em`i :ฦบ/2H ++QKTHBbb2Mi /2b T b /รป+BbB7b / Mb Hวถ2tTHQ` iBQM /2 +2 T`Q;` KK2X 1M RNjR :ฦบ/2H /รปKQMi`2 [m2 TQm`

RX lM bvbiฤ K2 7Q`K2H 2bi +QMbiBimรป /2 `ฤ ;H2b 2M MQK#`2 }MB QTรป` Mi bm` /2b 2Mb2K#H2b /รปMQK#` #H2bX

RR


Rk

*? TBi`2 RX 6QM/ iBQMb

iQmi bvbiฤ K2 7Q`K2H bm{b Mi TQm` `2T`รปb2Mi2` Hวถ `Bi?KรปiB[m2 BH 2tBbi2 /2b T`QT`Bรปiรปb p` B2b /QMi QM M2 T2mi /รปKQMi`2` H pรป`Biรป MB H 7 mbb2iรป p2+ H2b `ฤ ;H2b /m bvbiฤ K2 HmB@Kฤ K2X G2 i?รปQ`ฤ K2 /2 :ฦบ/2H `mBM2 H2 `ฤ p2 /2 `รปmMB` H2b K i?รปK iB[m2b / Mb mM bvbiฤ K2 /รป/m+iB7 T `7 Bi2K2Mi +Q?รป`2Mi [mB รปHBKBM2` Bi iQmi `2+Qm`b ยจ HวถBMimBiBQM- K Bb /2 Hวถ2z2`p2b+2M+2 BMi2HH2+im2HH2 miQm` /m T`QD2i /2b S`BM+BTB pQMi bQ`iB` H2b B/รป2b 7QM/ i`B+2b /2 HวถBM7Q`K iB[m2 k X 1M RNje H M hm`BM;- ยจ H bmBi2 /2 :ฦบ/2H- bวถ ii [m2 ยจ mM T`Q#Hฤ K2 /2 /รป+B/ #BHBiรป , mM bvbiฤ K2 2bi /รป+B/ #H2 bวถBH 2tBbi2 mM2 T`Q+รป/m`2 2z2+iBp2 TQm` /BbiBM;m2` H2b T`QTQbBiBQMb /รปKQMi` #H2b /2b mi`2bX SQm` /รป}MB` THmb `B;Qm`2mb2K2Mi H MQiBQM /2 T`Q+รป/m`2 2z2+iBp2- hm`BM; รปH #Q`2 mM KQ/ฤ H2 /วถ miQK i2 TT2Hรป T ` H bmBi2 K +?BM2 /2 hm`BM;- [mB HmB T2`K2i /2 T`รป+Bb2` H MQiBQM /วถ2tรป+miBQM /วถmM H;Q`Bi?K2 U+7X TX jNR mM2 #`ฤ p2 /2b+`BTiBQM /m T`BM+BT2 /2 H K +?BM2 /2 hm`BM;VX AMp2Mi2` /2b T`Q+รป/m`2b 2z2+iBp2b U/2b H;Q`Bi?K2bV +QMbBbi2 ยจ /รปi2`KB@ M2` mM 2M+? ล M2K2Mi /วถQTรป` iBQMb รปHรปK2Mi B`2b [mB 2tรป+mi2`QMi H2b + H+mHb Mรป+2bb B`2b ยจ H bQHmiBQM /2 T`Q#Hฤ K2b TQm` H2b[m2Hb 2tBbi2Mi /2b bQHmiBQMb + H+mH #H2b UBH v /2b T`Q#Hฤ K2b b Mb bQHmiBQM 2i /2b bQHmiBQMb BM+ H+mH #H2bVX *2 HBp`2 2tTQb2 Hวถ `i /2 `รป HBb2` /2b H;Q`Bi?K2bX hm`BM; KQMi`2 [m2 bQM KQ@ /ฤ H2 /2 + H+mH 2bi mMBp2`b2H- +วถ2bi@ยจ@/B`2 [m2 iQmi2b H2b K +?BM2b /2 hm`BM; bQMi รป[mBp H2Mi2bX AH 7Q`KmH2 H i?ฤ b2 b2HQM H [m2HH2 iQmi H;Q`Bi?K2 2bi + H@ +mH #H2 T ` mM2 K +?BM2 /2 hm`BM;X *2b B/รป2b 7QM/2Mi H i?รปQ`B2 /2 H T`Q@ ;` KK iBQM /2b Q`/BM i2m`bX AH `2pB2Mi ยจ pQM L2mK MM /2 +QM+2pQB` 2M RN98 Hวถ `+?Bi2+im`2 ;รปMรป` H2 /2b TT `2BHb +QM+`2ib [mB pQMi `รป HBb2` H2b + H@ +mHb b2HQM H2 KQ/ฤ H2 /2 hm`BM;- `+?Bi2+im`2 bB รปHรป; Mi2 [m2 H2b Q`/BM i2m`b /วถ mDQm`/วถ?mB bQMi 2M+Q`2 +QMbi`mBib- TQm` Hวถ2bb2MiB2H- b2HQM b2b T`BM+BT2bX

RXk J +?BM2 Gวถ `+?Bi2+im`2 [m2 pQM L2mK MM T`QTQb2 TQm` HวถQ`/BM i2m` 2bi /รป+`Bi2 T ` H };m`2 RXRX G2b mMBiรปb /2 +QMi`ฦฌH2 j - `Bi?KรปiB[m2 2i /วถ2Mi`รป2@bQ`iB2 +QMbiBim2Mi ยจ 2HH2b i`QBb HวถmMBiรป +2Mi` H2- Qm H2 T`Q+2bb2m` /2 HวถQ`/BM i2m`X G2 T`Q+2bb2m` 2bi +QMbiBimรป /2 +B`+mBib รปH2+i`QMB[m2b [mB T2mp2Mi 2tรป+mi2` /2b +iBQMbX

kX am` iQmi2b +2b [m2biBQMb 2i H2m`b BKTHB+ iBQMb TQm` HวถBM7Q`K iB[m2 KQ/2`M2- QM HB` p2+ T`Q}i HวถQmp` ;2- ++2bbB#H2 m H2+i2m` /2 +2 HBp`2- /2 :BHH2b .Qr2F- G2b Kรปi KQ`T?Qb2b /m + H+mH (R3)X jX lM2 i` /m+iBQM THmb 2t +i2 /2 Hวถ M;H Bb +QMi`QH mMBi b2` Bi ฤฟ mMBiรป /2 +QKK M/2 ล X Gวถmb ;2 2Miรป`BMรป HวถBKT`QT`BรปiรปX


*? TBi`2 j *`û2`- K MBTmH2` /2b T`Q;` KK2b

aQKK B`2 jXR jXk

jXj

AMi2`T`ûi iBQM /ǶmM T`Q;` KK2 +QMi2Mm / Mb mM }+?B2` *? `;2` mM T`Q;` KK2 /2TmBb mM }+?B2` X X X X X X X X jXkXR G T`Q+û/m`2 HQ / X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X jXkXk 1t2KTH2 /Ƕmb ;2 /2 HQ / X X X X X X X X X X X X X jXkXj G2b HBKBi2b /2b p Mi ;2b /2 HQ / X X X X X X X X *QKTBH iBQM /2 T`Q;` KK2b a+?2K2 X X X X X X X X X X X jXjXR SQbBiBQM /2 H [m2biBQM X X X X X X X X X X X X X X jXjXk S`ûb2Mi iBQM /m +QKTBH i2m` "B;HQQ X X X X X X X jXjXj *QKTBH2` mM T`Q;` KK2 p2+ "B;HQQ X X X X X X *QKK M/2b TQm` +QKTBH2` 2i 2tû+mi2` X X X X X avMi t2b T `iB+mHBĕ`2b ¨ "B;HQQ X X X X X X X X X

8e 8d 8d 8d 83 83 83 8N ey ey eR

Cmb[mǶ¨ T`ûb2Mi MQmb b pQMb û+`B`2 /2b 2tT`2bbBQMb a+?2K2 ¨ HǶBMpBi2 /2 HǶBMi2`T`ĕi2 2i `2; `/2` TT ` ŗi`2 H2 `ûbmHi i /2 H2m` ûp Hm iBQMX *2`i2b- TQm` ûpBi2` /2 iQmi `2i T2` ¨ +? [m2 MQmp2HH2 2tû+miBQM- MQmb pQMb b Mb /Qmi2 b BbB H2 i2ti2 /2 MQb T`Q+û/m`2b m KQv2M /ǶmM û/Bi2m` /2 i2ti2- TmBb- /ǶmM +QmT /2 bQm`Bb- MQmb HǶ pQMb bûH2+iBQMMû / Mb H 72Māi`2 /2 HǶû/Bi2m` TQm` H2 Ŀ +QTB2` ŀ TmBb H2 Ŀ +QHH2` ŀ / Mb H 72Māi`2 /2 HǶBMi2`T`ĕi2X AH MǶû+? TT2` T b m H2+i2m` UiQmDQm`b T2`bTB+ +2V [mǶ p2+ /2 i2HH2b Kûi?Q/2b MQmb M2 b m`BQMb /ûp2HQTT2` /2b T`Q;` KK2b /2 ;` M/2 i BHH2X *2 +? TBi`2 BMi`Q/mBi [m2H[m2b KQv2Mb T`QT`2b ¨ 7 +BHBi2` H i +?2 /m T`Q;` KK2m`X .ûbQ`K Bb- MQmb 2M`2;Bbi`2`QMb H2b i2ti2b /2 MQb T`Q;` KK2b / Mb /2b }+?B2`b- m KQv2M /ǶmM û/Bi2m` /2 i2ti2X aQmb lMBt- GBMmt- qBM/Qrb Qm J +Pa s- HǶû/Bi2m` /2 +?QBt b2` 1K +b- K Bb pB Qm LQi2T /YY T2mp2Mi 7 B`2 HǶ z B`2X

88


8e

*? TBi`2 jX *`û2`- K MBTmH2` /2b T`Q;` KK2b

jXR AMi2`T`ûi iBQM /ǶmM T`Q;` KK2 +QMi2Mm / Mb mM }+?B2` GǶBMpQ+ iBQM /2 "B;HQQ p2+ HǶQTiBQM @B UTQm` Ä¿ BMi2`T`ûi iBQM Å€V T2`K2i /2 i` Bi2` mM i2ti2 +QMi2Mm / Mb mM }+?B2` +QKK2 bB MQmb 2M i TBQMb H2b HB;M2b m 7m` 2i ¨ K2bm`2 ¨ HǶBMpBi2 /2 HǶBMi2`T`Ä•i2X BMbB- bQBi H2 }+?B2` " i BHH2L p H2Xb+K +B@/2bbQmb- b Mb Qm#HB2` H /2`MBÄ•`2 HB;M2BM/BbT2Mb #H2 TQm` H M+2` H2 T`Q;` KK2 , R k j 9 8 e d 3 N Ry RR Rk Rj R9 R8 Re Rd R3 RN ky kR kk

c c 1 t û + m i B Q M 2M H B ; M 2 /2 +QKK M/2 p 2 + " B ; H Q Q , c c 0 # B ; H Q Q −B " i B H H 2 L p H 2 X b+K U /27BM2 9V U /27BM2 # dV U /27BM2 U " i B H H 2 L p H 2 V U / B b T H v Ǵ§ɤ p Q m b ɤ /2 ɤ D Q m 2 ` - ɤ /2mt ɤ 2 M i B 2 ` b ɤ , ɤ Ç´ V U H 2 i » U U t U `2 / V V U v U `2 / V V V U T`BMi U hB` t v VVVV U /27BM2 U hB` t v V U +QM/ U U M/ U4 t V U4 v # V V Ç´ *QmHû Ç´ V U U Q` U4 t V U4 v # V V Ç´1Mɤ pm2 Ç´ V U 2Hb2 Ǵ§ɤ H Ƕ 2 m Ç´ V V V U " i BHH2L p H2 V S`Q;` KK2 jXR , lM2 # i BHH2 M p H2 BMi2` +iBp2X

LQmb HǶBMpQ[m2`QMb +QKK2 bmBi c +2 T`Q+û/û 2bi b Mb /Qmi2 H2 THmb bBKTH2 TQm` i2bi2` mM T2iBi T`Q;` KK2- BMbB , R k j

# B ; H Q Q −B " i B H H 2 L p H 2 X b+K § pQmb /2 D Q m 2 ` - /2mt 2 M i B 2 ` b , 9 d *QmHû


*? TBi`2 d mi`2b 7Q`K2b TQm` H2b T`Q+รป/m`2b

aQKK B`2 dXR

dXk

dXj

dX9

ฮ X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X dXRXR ฮป@2tT`2bbBQM X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X dXRXk LQKK2` mM2 ฮป@2tT`2bbBQM X X X X X X X X X X X X dXRXj H2i 2i H K#/ X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X SQ`iรป2- 2MpB`QMM2K2Mib- 72`K2im`2b X X X X X X X X X X X dXkXR SQ`iรป2 H2tB+ H2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X dXkXk SHmb bm` H2b 2MpB`QMM2K2Mib X X X X X X X X X X X dXkXj JQ/ฤ H2 /วถรปp Hm iBQM p2+ 2MpB`QMM2K2Mi X X X X dXkX9 2p H X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X .2b ฮป@2tT`2bbBQMb +QKK2 p H2m`b X X X X X X X X X X X X X dXjXR S`Q+รป/m`2b +QKK2 p H2m`b X X X X X X X X X X X X dXjXk 1t2KTH2 , i`B X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X h`B T ` BMb2`iBQM X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X H2i`2+ X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X #bi` B`2 p2+ /2b T`Q+รป/m`2b [mB 7 #`B[m2Mi /2b T`Q+รป/m`2b X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X dXjXj H2i MQKKรป X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X dXjX9 Aiรป` iBQM p2+ /Q X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X dXjX8 ฮป@2tT`2bbBQMb ยจ THmbB2m`b T ` Kฤ i`2b , *m``v X X h` Bi2K2Mi /2b 2``2m`b- MQiBQM /วถ2t+2TiBQM X X X X X X X dX9XR G2b 2``2m`b 2tBbi2Mi X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X dX9Xk 1t+2TiBQMb X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X ` Bb2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X rBi?@2t+2TiBQM@? M/H2` X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

Rkk Rkk Rkk Rk9 Rke Rke Rk3 RjR Rjk Rj9 Rj9 Rj8 Rj8 Rj3 Rj3 R9y R9R R99 R98 R98 R9e R9d R9d

*2 +? TBi`2 BMi`Q/mBi H2 7QM/2K2Mi i?รปQ`B[m2 /m H M; ;2 GBbT- 2i /2b 7 ร QMb BMรป/Bi2b /2 +QMbi`mB`2 2i /วถmiBHBb2` /2b T`Q+รป/m`2bX

RkR


Rkk

dXR dXRXR

*? TBi`2 dX mi`2b 7Q`K2b TQm` H2b T`Q+รป/m`2b

ฮ ฮป@2tT`2bbBQM

1M 7 Bi- H2b H M; ;2b /2 H 7 KBHH2 /2 a+?2K2 QMi รปiรป +`รปรปb T ` /2b +?2`+?2m`b [mB i` p BHH B2Mi bm` H MQiBQM K i?รปK iB[m2 /2 7QM+iBQM m KQv2M /2 H i?รปQ`B2 /m ฮป@+ H+mH- รปpQ[mรป2 m +? TBi`2 RX G2 T`QTQb /2 +2ii2 i?รปQ`B2 2bi /2 7 B`2 /2b 7QM+iBQMb /2b 2MiBiรปb K i?รปK iB[m2b Q`/BM B`2b/Qiรป2b /วถmM2 p H2m` 2i bmb+2TiB#H2b /2 b2 T`ฤ i2` ยจ /2b + H+mHbX G MQi iBQM /2 H /รป}MBiBQM /วถmM2 7QM+iBQM [mB ยจ x 7 Bi +Q``2bTQM/`2- T ` 2t2KTH2- x ร x2i [mB ? #Bim2HH2K2Mi 2bi H bmBp Mi2 , f (x) = x ร x bวถรป+`B` p2+ H2b MQi iBQMb /m ฮป@+ H+mH , f = ฮปx.x ร x a+?2K2- ยจ H bmBi2 /m ฮป@+ H+mH- TQbbฤ /2 mM2 MQi iBQM รป[mBp H2Mi2 , U H K#/ U t V U ยป t t V V

[A]

*2ii2 2tT`2bbBQM- [mB 2bi mM2 7Q`K2 bTรป+B H2 MQKKรป2 H K#/ - /รป+`Bi mM2 T`Q+รป/m`2 T `7 Bi2K2Mi miBHBb #H2 +QKK2 +2HH2b [m2 MQmb pQMb pm2b T`รป+รป/2KK2Mi , , U U H K#/ U t V U ยป t t V V j V N

Gวถ2KTHQB /2 +2ii2 bvMi t2 MQmb T2`K2i /วถmiBHBb2` H2 i2ti2 /วถmM2 T`Q+รป/m`2 +QKK2 mM2 2tT`2bbBQM # M H2- +2 [mB 2M 7 Bi iQmi HวถBMiรป`ฤ iX G2 i2ti2 /2 H T`Q+รป/m`2 i2H [mวถ2M [A] 2bi TT2Hรป mM2 H K#/ @2tT`2bbBQM Uฮป@2tT`2bbBQMVX G 7Q`K2 ;รปMรป` H2 /วถmM2 ฮป@2tT`2bbBQM 2bi , U H K#/ I H B b i 2 /2 T ` K ฤ i ` 2 b= I+ Q ` T b=V

G HBbi2 /2 T ` Kฤ i`2b T2mi T`2M/`2 THmbB2m`b 7Q`K2b /QMi H2b /2mt T`BM+BT H2b bQMi , ฤ UTR Tk Tj XXXV , H T`Q+รป/m`2 ++2Ti2 mM MQK#`2 }t2 /วถ `;mK2Mib c HQ`b /2 Hวถ TT2H /2 H T`Q+รป/m`2- H p H2m` /2 +? [m2 `;mK2Mi 2bi HBรป2 m T ` Kฤ i`2 +Q``2bTQM/ Mi c ฤ G , H T`Q+รป/m`2 ++2Ti2 mM MQK#`2 [m2H+QM[m2 /วถ `;mK2Mib c HQ`b /2 Hวถ TT2H- H bmBi2 /2b `;mK2Mib 2bi +QMp2`iB2 2M mM2 HBbi2 2i +2ii2 HBbi2 2bi HBรป2 ยจ GX

dXRXk LQKK2` mM2 ฮป@2tT`2bbBQM *QKK2 TQm` iQmi2 2tT`2bbBQM- BH MQmb 2bi #B2M bศฟ` HQBbB#H2 /2 /QMM2` mM MQK ยจ +2ii2 ฮป@2tT`2bbBQMX SHmb T`รป+BbรปK2Mi- MQmb TQmpQMb +`รป2` mM2 HB BbQM 2Mi`2 mM2 p `B #H2 MQKKรป2 + ``2 2i H p H2m` /2 H ฮป@2tT`2bbBQM ,


*? TBi`2 Rk S`Q;` KK iBQM KQ/mH B`2

aQKK B`2 RkXR SQbBiBQM /2 H [m2biBQM X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RkXk LQiBQM /2 KQ/mH2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RkXkXR G2b KQ/mH2b /2 "B;HQQ X X X X X X X X X X X X X X S`2KB2` KQ/mH2 , TQBMi /Ƕ2Mi`û2 /m T`Q;` KK2 JQ/mH2 /2 H2+im`2 /2b bû[m2M+2b X X X X X X X X JQ/mH2 miBHBi B`2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X ai`m+im`2 /m T`Q;` KK2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X RkXkXk *QMbi`m+iBQM /ǶmM T`Q;` KK2 KQ/mH B`2 X X X X *QKTBH iBQM /2 KQ/mH2b bQm`+2 2M }+?B2`b Q#D2ib ú/BiBQM /2 HB2Mb TQm` +QMbi`mB`2 HǶ2tû+mi #H2 X X RkXj JQ/mH2 TQm` H2 ivT2 /2 /QMMû2 TBH2 X X X X X X X X X X X RkXjXR ai`m+im`2 /2 TBH2- /û}MBiBQM X X X X X X X X X X X RkXjXk AKTHûK2Mi iBQM X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 1t2`+B+2 R X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 1t2`+B+2 k X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 1t2`+B+2 j X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 1t2`+B+2 9 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 1t2`+B+2 8 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RkXjXj TTHB+ iBQM , i` Bi2K2Mi /2 i #H2 m X X X X X X X RkXjX9 lM KQ/mH2 TQm` H2 ivT2 /2 /QMMû2b Ä¿ TBH2 Å€ X X RkX9 K F2 2i J F27BH2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RkX9XR avbiÄ•K2b /2 +QM};m` iBQM X X X X X X X X X X X X RkX9Xk lM J F27BH2 bBKTH2 TQm` +QMbi`mB`2 mM T`Q@ ;` KK2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X GB;M2b /2 `Ä•;H2b X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X GB;M2b /2 +QKK M/2b X X X X X X X X X X X X X X _Ä•;H2b ;ûMû`B[m2b X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X _Ä•;H2b /2 bm{t2b X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RkX8 lM2 T2iBi2 # M[m2 /2 T`QiûBM2b X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RkX8XR *`û2` H # M[m2 2i H biQ+F2` X X X X X X X X X X RkX8Xk *QMbmHi2` H # M[m2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RkX8Xj G2 J F2}H2 TQm` +QMbi`mB`2 HǶ2Mb2K#H2 X X X X X

kj8

kje kjd kj3 kjN k9y k9y k9y k9R k9k k9k k9j k9j k99 k99 k98 k98 k9e k9e k9d k9d k8y k8y k8R k8R k8k k89 k89 k88 k8e key key


kje

*? TBi`2 RkX S`Q;` KK iBQM KQ/mH B`2 RkXe .BbTQb2` /2 THmbB2m`b p2`bBQMb /วถmM T`Q;` KK2 X X X RkXeXR G2 T`Q#Hฤ K2 ยจ `รปbQm/`2 X X X X X X X X X X X RkXeXk avbiฤ K2b /2 ;2biBQM /2 p2`bBQMb X X X X X X X RkXeXj oQ+ #mH B`2 /2 H ;2biBQM /2 p2`bBQMb X X X X RkXeX9 S`รป+ miBQMb TQm` H ;2biBQM /2b }+?B2`b X X X RkXeX8 lM _*a /รป+2Mi` HBbรป , J2`+m`B H X X X X X X X S`รปb2Mi iBQM /2 J2`+m`B H X X X X X X X X X X *`รป2` 2i T2mTH2` mM `รป7รป`2MiB2H J2`+m`B H X X `+?Bp2` /2b T`Q;` KK2b X X X X X X X X X X avM+?`QMBb2` /2b `รป7รป`2MiB2Hb X X X X X X X X X 1t KBM2` H2b KQ/B}+ iBQMb /วถmM }+?B2` X X X RkXeXe lM _*a +2Mi` HBbรป , am#p2`bBQM X X X X X X X AMbi HH2` am#p2`bBQM 2i +QM};m`2` H2 bvbiฤ K2 *`รป2` 2i +QM};m`2` H2 `รป7รป`2MiB2H am#p2`bBQM *`รป2` mM T`QD2i am#p2`bBQM X X X X X X X X X hรปHรป+? `;2` H2 +QMi2Mm /m T`QD2i X X X X X X *QKKBbbBQM 2i KBb2 ยจ DQm` X X X X X X X X X X Jรปi /QMMรป2b X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

key key kej ked keN keN keN kdy kdy kdR kdR kdk kdk kdk kdj kdj kdj kd9

RkXR SQbBiBQM /2 H [m2biBQM ยง +2 TQBMi /2 Hวถ2tTQbรป 2i /2 b2b 2t2`+B+2b T2`bQMM2Hb H2 H2+i2m` b2` b Mb /Qmi2 ``Bpรป ยจ H +QM+HmbBQM [m2 H T`Q;` KK iBQM 2bi mM `i /QMi H /B{+mHiรป `รปbB/2 KQBMb / Mb HวถBKTรปMรปi` #BHBiรป /2b +QM+2Tib [m2 / Mb Hวถ ++mKmH iBQM /2b Q#D2ib- H2 ;`QmBHH2K2Mi /2b T`Q+2bbmb 2i H +QKTH2tBiรป /m i2ti2 [mB H2b /รป+`BiX .ฤ b HQ`b [mวถBH 2bi TQbbB#H2 /2 /BpBb2` +2 i2ti2 2M T2iBib +? TBi`2b- #2 m+QmT /วถ H;Q`Bi?K2b b2 `รปpฤ H2Mi }M H2K2Mi bBKTH2b- Qm bวถBHb `2bi2Mi #bi`mb- /m KQBMb H2m` /B{+mHiรป b2 + MiQMM2@i@2HH2 ยจ mM T bb ;2 +QM+BbX Cmb[mวถยจ T`รปb2Mi MQmb TQmpQMb /BpBb2` H2b /B{+mHiรปb /2 MQb T`Q;` KK2b 2M H2b /รป+QmT Mi 2M T`Q+รป/m`2bX #bi` B`2 mM2 T `iB2 /วถmM i` Bi2K2Mi TQm` 2M 7 B`2 mM2 T`Q+รป/m`2 BM/รปT2M/ Mi2 UQm 2K#Qล iรป2V `รป/mBi H i BHH2 /m i2ti2 [m2 MQmb pQMb ยจ ; `/2` 2M KรปKQB`2 ยจ mM BMbi Mi /QMMรปX LวถmiBHBb2` / Mb +2ii2 T`Q+รป/m`2 [m2 /2b p `B #H2b HQ+ H2b /BKBMm2 H2 MQK#`2 /วถQ#D2ib /QMi MQmb pQMb ยจ MQmb T`รปQ++mT2` bBKmHi MรปK2MiX *2`i BM2b T`Q+รป/m`2b miBHBbรป2b / Mb H2 T`Q;` KK2 T2mp2Mi ฤ i`2 +? `;รป2b T ` HQ /X *2H T2`K2i /2 M2 T b pQB` iQmi H2 i2ti2 / Mb H2 Kฤ K2 }+?B2`X J Bb- [m2 H2 T`Q;` KK2 bQBi BMi2`T`รปiรป Qm +QKTBHรป- BH 2bi +QKT`Bb / Mb mM 2MpB`QMM2K2Mi ;HQ# H mMB[m2- +วถ2bi@ยจ@/B`2 mM 2bT +2 /2 MQKb mMB[m2Kฤ K2 bวถBH 2bi ?Bรป` `+?Bbรป T ` Hวถ2K#Qล i2K2Mi /2b 2MpB`QMM2K2MibX hQmi2


AM/2t

`+?Bi2+im`2 /2 HǶQ`/BM i2m` X X X X 9y9 `+?Bi2+im`2 /2 pQM L2mK MM X X X Rk `;mK2Mi jk- j9- j8- jN- 9y- 99- 988j T bb ;2 /Ƕ X X X X X X X X X X X X X 3y- R3j T ` p H2m` X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RdN `Bi?KûiB[m2 #BM B`2 X X X X X X jN8Äœ9RR bbQ+ X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RR3- R39- R3d miQK i2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X j8RÄœjee ¨ TBH2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X j38 }MB X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X j38 /ûi2`KBMBbi2 X X j8RÄœj83- j8kj8j MQM /ûi2`KBMBbi2 X X X X X X X j8jj83Äœjee

#bi` +iBQM X X X X X X X X X X X X X X kd- je- jN ++2bb2m` X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X N3 / X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X R9e- kj3 /Q`MQ- h?ûQ/Q`2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 8 /`2bb ;2 bbQ+B iB7 X X X R3j- R39- R3dÄœRNjk8e /BbT2`bû X X X X X R3j- R39- R3dÄœRNj /`2bb2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X R3R- RN8ÄœRNd .h X pQB` ivT2 #bi` Bi /2 /QMMû2b z2+i iBQM X X X X X X X RddÄœRdN- R3R- R3j H;QH X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 8R- Rkd H;Q`Bi?K2 X X Rk- RNÄœkk- 3N- NR- Rk8R9y- R3d- RN8- kN8- jNR- 9y99ye /2 L22/H2K M 2i qmMb+? X X X X X X jjjÄœj99 /2 `2iQm` bm` i` +2 X X X X j99Äœj9N Biû` iB7 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X NR- jkN @HBbi2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RR3 HHQ+ iBQM /2 KûKQB`2 X X X X X X X X X RN8 HT? #2i X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X R3- RN- jNk Hi2`M iBp2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 9R- 9d- 8k HpûQH2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X R3d M+`2 /2 /û#mi X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X jd9 /2 }M X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X jdd M/ X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 9j- dj TT2H `û+m`bB7 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 3j TT2M/ X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Ryd TTHB+ iBQM X X jR- jk- j9- j8- 9y- 9R8 TTHv X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 9e- RRy `#`2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 3N- kNd /û}MBiBQM X X X X X X X X X X X X X X d3- kkd /Ƕûp Hm iBQM X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X d3

" # +Fi` +FBM; X X pQB` `2iQm` bm` i` +2 " /` M- 6Qm / X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 3 # b2 /2 MmKû` iBQM X X X X X X X jN8Äœ9RR #2;BM X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 9d #2;BM BKTHB+Bi2 X X X 93- Rk3- R9k #B#HBQi?Ä•[m2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X k3k "B;HQQ X X X X X X X X X X X X X N- ke- kd- 9e- 8N #Bi X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X R9- R3- RN- dy "ƺ?K- *Q`` /Q X X X X X X X X X X X X kR- 9ky #QÅ—i2b 2i TQBMi2m`b X X X X X X X X X Ne- RdR "QQH2- H;Ä•#`2 /2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 9Rj "QQH2- :2Q`;2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X kN- 9Rj #QQHû2M X X X X X X X X X X kN- jy- 9R- 9j- dj #Qm+H2 /ǶBMi2` +iBQM X X X X X X X X X X X X ke- k3 /ǶBMi2``Q; iBQM X X X X X X X X X ke- k3 #mb X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Rj- kNj

* * X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X kj3

9kj



Turn static files into dynamic content formats.

Create a flipbook
Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.