Laurent BLOCH
Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers
INITIATION à la PROGRAMMATION et aux ALGORITHMES > Python < Préface de Jean-François Perrot
2020
Éditions TECHNIP
5 avenue de la République, 75011 PARIS
CHEZ LE MÊME ÉDITEUR • Initiation à la programmation et aux algorithmes avec Scheme L. BLOCH
• Étude de cas en statistique décisionnelle S. TUFFÉRY
• Big Data, Machine Learning et Apprentissage Profond S. TUFFÉRY
• Média Planning J. F. CANGUILHEM, M.P. CUEFF
• Data science par analyse des données symboliques F. AFONSO, E. DIDAY, C. TOQUE
• Data mining et statistique décisionnelle S. TUFFÉRY
• Modélisation prédictive et apprentissage statistique avec R S. TUFFÉRY
• Probabilités, analyse des données et statistique G. SAPORTA
Tous droits de traduction, de reproduction et d’adaptation réservés pour tous pays. Toute représentation, reproduction intégrale ou partielle faite par quelque procédé que ce soit, sans le consentement de l’auteur ou de ses ayants cause, est illicite et constitue une contrefaçon sanctionnée par les articles 425 et suivants du Code pénal. Par ailleurs, la loi du 11 mars 1957 interdit formellement les copies ou les reproductions destinées à une utilisation collective.
© Éditions Technip, Paris, 2020. Site web de l’auteur : https://laurentbloch.net ISBN 978-2-7108-1191-6
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kk kk kk k9 k8 ke kd kd kd k3 kN kN jy jR jk jj jj jj j9 je je jd j3 jN jN 9R 9k 9j 9j 99 98
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p Mi /2 7 B`2 /2b 2Mi`รป2b@bQ`iB2b BH 7 mi /รป+`B`2 ~mt UQ#D2i T`QT`2 m T`Q;` KK2V 2i }+?B2` UQ#D2i 2ti2`M2- MQKKรป T ` mM2 +? ล M2 /2 + ` +iฤ `2bV 2i H2b K2ii`2 2M +Q``2bTQM/ M+2- +วถ2bi H /รป}MBiBQM 2i Hวถฤฟ Qmp2`im`2 ล /m }+?B2`X LQmb HHQMb- / Mb H bmBi2 /2 +2 +? TBi`2- รปi #HB` mM ~mt /วถ2Mi`รป2 TQm` HB`2 /2b /QMMรป2b 2M`2;Bbi`รป2b / Mb mM }+?B2` bm` mM bmTTQ`i 2ti2`M2- 2i mM ~mt /2 bQ`iB2 TQm` รป+`B`2 / Mb mM mi`2 }+?B2` H2b /QMMรป2b [m2 MQi`2 T`Q;` KK2 m` i` Mb7Q`Kรป2bX G2b /QMMรป2b Hm2b b2`QMi m 7Q`K i /2 H # M[m2 /2 bรป[m2M+2b arBbbS`Qi UT ` 2t2KTH2V- MQmb H2b `รปรป+`B`QMb m 7Q`K i 6 bi miBHBbรป T ` H THmT `i /2b HQ;B+B2Hb /วถ M Hvb2 /2 bรป[m2M+2bX *2b QTรป` iBQMb bQMi `รปbmKรป2b T ` H2 b+?รปK /2 H };m`2 8XRX Unitรฉ centrale Commandes d'ouverture, lecture, รฉcriture, fermeture
Support externe de mรฉmoire persistante, disque ou SSD, contient les !chiers physiques
Flux de lecture Mรฉmoire
Donnรฉes d'entrรฉe au format SwissProt Donnรฉes de sortie au format Fasta
Flux d'รฉcriture
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dX9 dX8 dXe dXd
dXR dXRXR
_2+?2`+?2 /B+?QiQKB[m2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X dXRXR S2mi@QM ++รปHรป`2` H `2+?2`+?2 /วถmM รปHรปK2Mi / Mb mM2 HBbi2 \ X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X dXRXk H;Q`Bi?K2 /B+?QiQKB[m2 X X X X X X X X X X X X dXRXj JBb2 2M ฦพmp`2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X dXRX9 1M Svi?QM X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X *`รป2` /2b i #H2 mt /2 MQK#`2b Hรป iQB`2b X X X X X X X X h`B T ` BMb2`iBQM X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X dXjXR Sb2m/Q@+Q/2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X dXjXk h` /mBbQMb 2M Svi?QM X X X X X X X X X X X X X X dXjXj *QKTH2tBiรป X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X h`B T ` bรปH2+iBQM X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X h`B 7mbBQM X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X h`B ` TB/2 UZmB+FbQ`iV X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X h`B / Mb H2 i b X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
RRR RRR RRk RRk RRj RRj RR9 RRe RRe RRe RRd RRN Rkk Rk9
_2+?2`+?2 /B+?QiQKB[m2 S2mi@QM ++รปHรป`2` H `2+?2`+?2 /วถmM รปHรปK2Mi / Mb mM2 HBbi2 \
*QKK2Mi +?2`+?2@i@QM mM KQi / Mb mM /B+iBQMM B`2 \ aB H2 KQi +QK@ K2M+2 T ` mM2 H2ii`2 /m KBHB2m /2 Hวถ HT? #2i- QM Qmp`2 H2 /B+iBQMM B`2 p2`b H2 KBHB2mX aB H2 KQi +?2`+?รป 2bi / Mb mM2 /2b /2mt T ;2b pBbB#H2b- H `2+?2`+?2 2bi i2`KBMรป2- bวถBH +QKK2M+2 T ` mM ;`QmT2 /2 H2ii`2b /2 ` M; BM7รป`B2m` ยจ +2mt /2b T ;2b pBbB#H2b- QM `2+QKK2M+2 / Mb H2 KQBiBรป Miรป`B2m`2 /m /B+iBQMM B`2bBMQM QM `2+QKK2M+2 / Mb H KQBiBรป mHiรป`B2m`2 /m /B+iBQMM B`2X ยง +? +mM2 /2 +2b รปi T2b- MQmb /BpBbQMb T ` 2 H2 MQK#`2 /2 T ;2b ยจ 2tTHQ`2` , MQmb /B`QMb [m2 MQi`2 Kรปi?Q/2 /2 `2+?2`+?2 2bi /B+?QiQKB[m2- KQi b p Mi TQm` /B`2 ฤฟ +QmT2` 2M /2mt ล X RRR
*? TBi`2 dX H;Q`Bi?K2b /2 i`B
RRk
*2ii2 Kรปi?Q/2 /2 `2+?2`+?2 bmTTQb2 [m2 H2 /B+iBQMM B`2 bQBi i`Bรป T ` Q`/`2 HT? #รปiB[m2- Qm- /2 7 ร QM THmb ;รปMรป` H2- 2M Q`/`2 H2tB+Q;` T?B[m2 UT `+2 [m2 iQmi2b H2b H M;m2b M2 bวถรป+`Bp2Mi T b p2+ mM HT? #2iVX LQmb HHQMb รปi2M/`2 +2ii2 Kรปi?Q/2 m T`Q#Hฤ K2 THmb ;รปMรป` H /2 H `2+?2`+?2 / Mb mM2 HBbi2- TQm` H2[m2H MQmb pQMb KQMi`รป mM2 Kรปi?Q/2 THmb bBKTH2 K Bb KQBMb 2{+ +2 ยจ H b2+iBQM jXj TX 8yX G Kรปi?Q/2 /B+?QiQKB[m2 2bi THmb 2{+ +2- K Bb 2HH2 bmTTQb2 [m2 H HBbi2 Bi รปiรป i`Bรป2 m T`รป H #H2X *วถ2bi TQm`[mQB +2ii2 b2+iBQM TT ` ล i 2M T`รป K#mH2 /m +? TBi`2 +QMb +`รป mt H;Q`Bi?K2 /2 i`B- TQm` T`Q+m`2` mM2 B/รป2 /2 H2m` miBHBiรป 2i /2 H2m` BKTQ`i M+2X
dXRXk H;Q`Bi?K2 /B+?QiQKB[m2 oQB+B Hวถ H;Q`Bi?K2 /2 `2+?2`+?2 /B+?QiQKB[m2 [m2 MQmb MQmb T`QTQbQMb /วถmiBHBb2` TQm` +?2`+?2` mM2 p H2m` / Mb mM2 HBbi2 T`รป H #H2K2Mi i`Bรป2X H;Q`Bi?K2 , ` 2 + ? 2 ` + ? 2 n / B + ? Q i Q K B [ m 2 .QMMรป2 / วถ 2 M i ` รป 2 , p 2 + i 2 m ` i ` B รป h 2i p H 2 m ` p _ รป b m H i i , MmKรป`Q / Mb H H B b i 2 - Qm 7 m t b B p # b 2 M i T2iBi 4 y ;` M/ 4 H Q M ; m 2 m ` UhV โ R i M i [m2 ;` M/ = T 2 i B i 7 B ` 2 T B p Q i โ 1 M i B 2 ` U T 2 i B i Y ;` M/ V f k b B p 4 h( T B p Q i ) H Q ` b `2iQm`M2` TBpQi bBMQM b B p I h( TBpQi ) ;` M/ โ T B p Q i โ R bBMQM T 2 i B i โ T B p Q iYR 7 Bi b B p 4 h( T 2 i B i ) HQ`b `2iQm`M2` T 2 i B i bBMQM `2iQm`M2` 7 mt
dXRXj JBb2 2M ฦพmp`2 _2+?2`+?2` Rde / Mb H2 i #H2 m bmBp Mi,
y R
R Rd
k 9j
j 3N
9 Ryy
8 RRj
e R8e
d Re8
3 Rde
N kjR
Ry k93
RR jyR
*? TBi`2 Rk G M; ;2b `รป;mHB2`b
aQKK B`2 RkXR RkXk RkXj RkX9 RkX8
RkXe RkXd RkX3
RkXR
.รป}MBiBQMb 2i `รป7รป`2M+2b X X X X X X X X X X X X X S`2KB2` 2t2KTH2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X mi`2b `ฤ ;H2b X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X S`2KB2`b `2Tฤ `2b i?รปQ`B[m2b X X X X X X X X X X X RkX9XR PTรป` iBQMb bm` H2b H M; ;2b X X X X X X RkX9Xk G2b # b2b /2b 2tT`2bbBQMb `รป;mHBฤ `2b X X 1t2KTH2b +QKK2Miรปb X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RkX8XR M Hvb2` 2i /รป+QKTQb2` mM l_A X X X X RkX8XRXR avMi t2 /2b l_A X X X X X X RkX8XRXk G2 T`Q;` KK2 /วถ M Hvb2 X X RkX8Xk aB;M H2` H2b /Qm#HQMb X X X X X X X X X X รบ[mBp H2M+2 2tT`2bbBQM `รป;mHBฤ `2@L6 @.6 X X RkXeXR .2 Hวถ miQK i2 ยจ Hวถ2tT`2bbBQM `รป;mHBฤ `2 RkXeXk .2 Hวถ2tT`2bbBQM `รป;mHBฤ `2 ยจ Hวถ miQK i2 m /2Hยจ /2b H M; ;2b `รป;mHB2`b X X X X X X X X X TTHB+ iBQM , 7QmBHH2 /2 T ;2b q2# X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
R3j R39 R38 R3d R3d R33 R3N R3N R3N RNy RNj RN9 RN9 RNe RNN kyy
.รป}MBiBQMb 2i `รป7รป`2M+2b
*2 MQmp2 m +? TBi`2 BMi`Q/mBi H2b 2tT`2bbBQMb `รป;mHBฤ `2b- [mB T2`K2ii2Mi+QKK2 H2b miQK i2b }MBb #Q`/รปb HQ`b /2b +? TBi`2b T`รป+รป/2Mib- /2 /รป}MB` /2b H M; ;2bX LQmb KQMi`2`QMb [mวถ2HH2b bQMi รป[mBp H2Mi2b mt miQK i2b }MBb MQM@/รปi2`KBMBbi2b UL6 V- /QMi MQmb pQMb KQMi`รป [mวถBHb รปi B2Mi 2mt@Kฤ K2b รป[mBp H2Mib mt miQK i2b }MBb /รปi2`KBMBbi2b U.6 - +7X +? TBi`2 RR TX RedVX *QKK2 H2 /Bi qBFBTรป/B , mM2 2tT`2bbBQM `รป;mHBฤ `2 Uฤฟ `2;2tT ล - _1V 2bi mM2 bmBi2 /2 + ` +iฤ `2b ivTQ;` T?B[m2b [mวถQM TT2HH2 THmb bBKTH2K2Mi ฤฟ KQiB7 ล - ฤฟ T ii2`M ล 2M M;H BbX lM2 2tT`2bbBQM `รป;mHBฤ `2 b2`i ยจ /รป+`B`2ยจ /รปMQi2` mM H M; ;2- /Bi H M; ;2 `รป;mHB2` c H2b + ` +iฤ `2b /2 Hวถ2tT`2bbBQM `รป;mHBฤ `2 /รป}MBbb2Mi H2b `ฤ ;H2b /2 +2 H M; ;2X *QM7`QMi2` mM i2ti2 ยจ mM2 R3j
*? TBi`2 RkX G M; ;2b `รป;mHB2`b
R39
2tT`2bbBQM `รป;mHBฤ `2 T2`K2i /2 b pQB` bB +2 i2ti2 2bi +QM7Q`K2 mt `ฤ ;H2b /m H M; ;2 Qm MQM c bวถBH 2bi +QM7Q`K2- H2 i2ti2 b2` /Bi mM KQi /m H M; ;2X lM2 2tT`2bbBQM `รป;mHBฤ `2 b2` miBHBbรป2 /2 7 ร QM M HQ;m2 ยจ +2 [m2 MQmb pQMb pm TQm` H2b miQK i2b }MBb , H2 i2ti2 /QMi BH 7 mi /รปi2`KBM2` bวถBH T@ T `iB2Mi Qm MQM m H M; ;2 +QMbB/รป`รป b2` bQmKBb ยจ Hวถ M Hvb2m` /วถ2tT`2bbBQMb `รป;mHBฤ `2b UmM HQ;B+B2H- T ` 2t2KTH2 H2 T`Q;` KK2 ;`2T- M Hvb2m` /วถ2tT`2b@ bBQMb `รป;mHBฤ `2b +QMi2Mm / Mb iQmi bvbiฤ K2 lMBt Qm GBMmtV- [mB miBHBb2` Hวถ2tT`2bbBQM `รป;mHBฤ `2 [mB /รป+`Bi H2 H M; ;2 +QKK2 mM2 i #H2 /2 i` MbBiBQMbX G2 i2ti2 b2` /Bi `2+QMMm bB H H2+im`2 /2 b2b + ` +iฤ `2b bm++2bbB7b T2`K2i /2 T `+Qm`B` Hวถ2tT`2bbBQM `รป;mHBฤ `2 Dmb[mวถยจ H }MX oQB+B mM b+?รปK [mB KQMi`2 H2 T`Q+2bbmb ,
Le texte analysรฉ : Lโ expression rรฉguliรจre qui dรฉnote le langage : 321ABM75 numรฉro parisien [0โ 9][0โ 9][0โ 9][Aโ Z][Aโ Z][Aโ Z][0โ 9][0โ 9]
Lโ analyseur dโ expressions rรฉguliรจres :
grep
oui ou non, cโ est un oracle
6B;m`2 RkXR , ;`2T M Hvb2 mM i2ti2 m KQv2M /วถmM2 2tT`2bbBQM `รป;mHBฤ `2X
RkXk S`2KB2` 2t2KTH2 lM 2t2KTH2 i`ฤ b bBKTH2 B/2` ยจ +QKT`2M/`2 , MQmb +?2`+?QMb ยจ /รป+`B`2 H2 H M; ;2 /2b MmKรป`Qb /วถBKK i`B+mH iBQM /2b pQBim`2b 2M 6` M+2 UMQmb T`2M/`QMb H2b MmKรป`Qb ฤฟ ยจ Hวถ M+B2MM2 KQ/2 ล - KB2mt / Tiรปb ยจ +2 [mวถBH 7 mi KQMi`2`VX *2b MmKรป`Qb bQMi Uรปi B2Mi \V +QKTQbรปb /2 i`QBb Qm [m i`2 +?Bz`2b- bmBpBb /2 i`QBb H2ii`2b- bmBpBb /2 /2mt Qm i`QBb +?Bz`2bX . Mb mM T`2KB2` i2KTb MQmb MQmb HBKBi2`QMb ยจ i`QBb +?Bz`2b- bmBpBb /2 i`QBb H2ii`2b K Dmb+mH2b- bmBpB2b /2 /2mt +?Bz`2bX LQmb TH ร QMb H2b i2ti2b ยจ M Hvb2` / Mb H2 }+?B2` K2b@i2ti2b +B@/2bbQmb , jkR "Jd8 MmKรถ`Q T `BbB2M
AM/2t
/รปi2`KBMBbi2 X X Redฤ Rd9- Re3ReN- R3j MQM /รปi2`KBMBbi2 X X X X X X X ReNRd9ฤ R3k- R3j
#bi` +iBQM X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X kd- ey /`2bb ;2 T ` `รป7รป`2M+2 X X X X X X X X X 83 /`2bb2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 83 z2+i iBQM X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X kd- kN- jR ;`รป; i /2 /QMMรป2b X X X X X X X X X X X X X 89 H;Q`Bi?K2 X X 3- R8ฤ R3- Nd- kjj- k98k9e /2 L22/H2K M 2i qmMb+? X X X X X X R9dฤ R8j /2 `2iQm` bm` i` +2 X X X X R8jฤ R8N Biรป` iB7 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X R9j- R99 H;Q`Bi?K2 /2 i`B X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X dk HT? #2i X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X R9- R8- kj9 Hi2`M iBp2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X jj M+`2 /2 /รป#mi X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RNy /2 }M X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RNk M/ X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X jj TT2H `รป+m`bB7 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 98 TT2M/ X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 8d TTHB+ iBQM X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X k88 `#`2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Ryy /รป}MBiBQM X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Rk9 `+?Bi2+im`2 /2 HวถQ`/BM i2m` X X X X k98 `+?Bi2+im`2 /2 pQM L2mK MM X X X X 3 `;mK2Mi X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 9y- 9R 2z2+iB7 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 9R T bb ;2 T ` +QTB2 X X X X X X X X X X X 8d T bb ;2 T ` `รป7รป`2M+2 X X X X X X X 8d `Bi?KรปiB[m2 #BM B`2 X X X X X X kjdฤ k8R bb2`iBQM X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 99 miQK i2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Redฤ RNN ยจ TBH2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X kyy }MB X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RNN
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# +Fi` +FBM; X X pQB` `2iQm` bm` i` +2 " +Fmb- CQ?M X X X X X X X X X X X X X X jR- ReR # b2 /2 MmKรป` iBQM X X X X X X X kjdฤ k8R #B#HBQi?ฤ [m2 /2 7QM+iBQMb X X X X X X X X 99 "BQTvi?QM X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 9 #Bi X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Ry- R9- R8 #HQ+ X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X jj #HQ+ /วถBMbi`m+iBQMb X X X X X X X jj- je- jd "ฦบ?K- *Q`` /Q X X X X X X X X X Rd- jy- key "QQH2- H;ฤ #`2 /2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X k8j "QQH2- :2Q`;2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X k8j #QQHรป2M X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X jj #QQibi` T Ubi iBbiB[m2V X X X X X X X X X X kR3 #Qm+H2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X jy- j3 #Qm+H2 BM}MB2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 9k #mb X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X N- N8
*
+ +?2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X N8ฤ Nd + /`2 /2 H2+im`2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X kk8 + ` +iฤ `2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RR + ` +iฤ `2b X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 89 + ` +iฤ `2b +QKTQbรปb X X X X X X X X X X X X jy + b /2 # b2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 98 +? ล M2b /2 + ` +iฤ `2b X X X X X X X X X X X X 89 +? KT X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 8N *?QKbFv- LQ K X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X kyy *?m`+?- HQMxQ X X X X X X X X X X X kjj- k8d +H bb2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 8N- ey- RkN +H bb2 /2 + ` +iฤ `2b X X X X X X X X X X X X RNR
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