Office Design Environmental Part 3b Thomas Wakeman by Tom Wakeman

Passive Strategies and Double Skin Facade South Facade: Double Skin Facade with Seasonal Dynamic Shading

Columns within facade Operable windows

Floor to ceiling mullions, “spider” clamp fittings Dynamic louvres 1200/2000 frameless triple glazed units

Sofitel-Vienna-Stephansdom-Stilwerk

• Double-Skin Facade to South elevation, with integrated dynamic louvres, consisting 1200x4000 frameless triple-glazed panels, supported by internal floor to ceiling mullions and spider-clamp fittings • Rainscreen timber-clad 1200x4000 SIPS panel construction with vertical frameless glazed STUDENT strips 50:50 panel:glazing ratio to West and 75% PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK PRODUCT panel:25% glazing ratio to North. SIPS panels affixed to frame via vertical 2x4 timber studs spanning floor-to-ceiling • Thermal bridging eliminated by glazing and sips panels concealing floor slab from external facade • Louvres automatically adjust (seasonally) to optimum sun angle to regulate direct solar gains, and protected from mechanical damage or tampering • Floor-to-Floor cavity brick wall construction to East neighbouring property • Operable windows encourage cross-ventilation, aided by the stack effect of the double skin facade during summer, with the potential to increase ventilation rates when necessary, without increasing mechanical fan speed

320 cavity brick wall

4 6

2 6

750 Access walkway

4th Floor studios/gym/spa

17280

V Volume air in zone SIPS Panels Area m2 SIPS Panels U value kw/m2K A Surface area of frame m2 Frame U value kw/m2K Glass U value kw/m2K A Glazing aperture area (m2) η % aperture glazed PASSIVE SCENARIO G Average Flux Density kw/m2 (8 hrs) 20:04 Manufacturer SHGC Average Outside Temp Qi Internal Gains kwh South Façade Qv kwh Qc kwh Tin (acceptable) Qstr kwh ΔT Qi+[A*η*SHGC*G] N Air changes/hour [Qc+Qv] V Volume W air in zone = Glass U value kw/m2K Tout (Offset) A Glazing aperture area (m2)

Oct

0 4.439277 78.20328

0 -14.71272

18 12 0.5 498 60 0.00019

18 01 June

Nov

11 0.5 498 60 0.00019

03:52

18 4 0.5 498 0.0002 80 1 0.29 0.76 23.08872 394.416 2.688 370.272 393.3607 397.104 0.990574 18.99057

Dec

18 8 0.5 498 0.0002 80 1 0.25 0.76 265.4718 788.832 2.688 315.3696 580.8414 791.52 0.73383 18.73383

Per Annum

18 11 0.5 498 0.0002 80 1 0.14 0.76 265.4718 1084.644 2.688 172.368 437.8398 1087.332 0.402674 18.40267

1:20 South Section

No.

0 3.743277 210.6786 649.4922

0 -19.05672 -20.40072

Description

18 23 5 6 0.5 0.6 E 498 498 60 60 0.00019 0.00019

23 3 0.75 498 60 0.00019

23 1 2.5 498 60 0.00019

23 2 1.5 498 60 0.00019

23 4 0.5 498 60 0.00019

Date

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT PRODUCT

1200

3D Model of Passive Facade Design

10:00

18 8 0.5 498 60 0.00019

19 0 0.5 498 0.0002 80 1 0.00 0.76 23.08872 0 2.688 0 23.08872 2.688 8.589555 27.58955

1.573779 25.73928 -14.71272 4.439277 78.20328 -19.05672 -20.40072 3.743277 210.6786 649.4922

21 0 0.5 498 0.0002 120 1 0.00 0.76 23.08872 0 4.032 0 23.08872 4.032 5.72637 26.72637

Sep

210.273

West Façade

ΔT N Air changes/hour

528.9312 0

23 1 0.5 498 0.0002 80 1 0.00 0.76 23.08872 98.604 2.688 0 23.08872 101.292 0.227942 23.22794

Aug

19 9 0.5 498 0.0002 80 1 0.49 0.76 265.4718 887.436 2.688 623.0784 888.5502 890.124 0.998232 19.99823

210.273 1.573779 25.73928

22 2 0.5 498 0.0002 80 1 0.14 0.76 23.08872 197.208 2.688 172.368 195.4567 199.896 0.977792 22.97779

18 11 0.5 498 0.0002 80 1 0.48 0.76 265.4718 1084.644 2.688 611.5872 877.059 1087.332 0.806616 18.80662

Solar path in June, used for Revit dynamic shading simulation

Tin (acceptable)

Jul

18 12 0.5 498 0.0002 80 1 0.31 0.76 265.4718 1183.248 2.688 391.5329 657.0048 1185.936 0.553997 18.554

528.9312

18 19 5 2 0.5 0.5 498 498 0.0002 0.0002 80 80 1 1 0.35 0.15 0.76 0.76 23.08872 23.08872 493.02 197.208 2.688 2.688 446.88 191.52 469.9687 214.6087 3rd Floor Web Design Office 495.708 199.896 12960 0.948076 1.073602 18.94808 20.0736

Jun

149

May

18 18 18 4 8 4 11 Section 0.5 2 1 : 200.5 0.5 498 498 498 60 60 60 0.00019 0.00019 0.00019

4 1:20 South Elevation 6

2 6

Practice Management & 17280 Economics 4th Floor studios/gym/spa

0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.13 0.18 0.26 0.69 0.94 0.66 0.76 0.8141 0.56 0.26 0.08 0.05 Jan 0.55 Feb 0.55 Mar 0.55 Apr 0.55 May 0.55 Jun 0.55 Jul 0.55 Aug 0.55 Sep 0.55 Oct 0.55 Nov 0.55 Dec 0.55 Per Annum 6 191.7545 7 191.7545 10 20.36445 13 20.36445 17 20.36445 20 20.36445 22 20.36445 21 20.36445 19 20.36445 14 191.7545 10 191.7545 7 191.7545 1183.248 1084.644 788.832 493.02 709.9488 443.718 493.02 591.624 394.416 394.416 788.832 1084.644 3.9312 3.9312 3.9312 3.9312 3.9312 3.9312 3.9312 3.9312 3.9312 3.9312 3.9312 3.9312 18 18 19 18 19 22 23 21 19 18 18 18 89.463 121.968 182.259 479.556 652.806 458.073 523.215 386.694 180.873 57.519 31.878 12 11 9 5 2 2 1 564.1713 0 0 4 8 11 281.2175 0.5 313.7225 0.5 374.0135 0.5 499.9205 0.5 673.1705 0.5 478.4375 0.5 543.5795 0.5 584.5358 0.5 407.0585 0.5 201.2375 0.5 249.2735 0.5 223.6325 0.5 S 713.88 447.6492 496.9512 595.5552 398.3472 398.3472 792.7632 1088.575 1187.179 498 1088.575 498 792.7632 498 496.9512 498 498 498 498 498 498 498 498 498 0.236879 0.288196 0.471785 1.005975 3D0.981497 View 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.942974 0.0002 1.068778 0.0002 1.093829 0.0002 0.0002 71.021868 0.0002 0.505181 0.0002 0.314436 0.0002 0.205436 0.0002 3 80 23.9815 18.23688 80 18.2882 80 18.47178 80 19.00597 80 23.94297 80 24.06878 80 24.09383 120 24.02187 80 18.50518 80 18.31444 80 18.20544 80 905.9617 ηQmec=Qi+Qs+Qc+Qv= % aperture glazed 1 774.8527 1 418.7497 1 -2.969252 1 40.70955 1 -30.78825 1 -46.62825 1 11.019451 -8.711252 1 197.10971 543.48971 864.94271 G Average Flux HEATING Density kw/m2 (8 hrs) 0.31 774.8527 0.48 418.7497 0.49 0.350 40.70955 0.15 0.140 0.000 11.01945 0.00 0.000 197.1097 0.29 543.4897 0.25 864.9427 0.14 POTENTIAL LOAD 905.9617 0.76 0.76 0.76 0.76 0.76 0.76 0.76 0.76 Manufacturer SHGC 0.76 0.76 0.76 0.76 POTENTIAL COOLING LOAD 0 0 0 -2.969252 0 -30.78825 -46.62825 0 -8.711252 0 0 0 Qi Internal Gains kwh 265.4718 265.4718 265.4718 23.08872 23.08872 23.08872 23.08872 23.08872 23.08872 23.08872 265.4718 265.4718 Qv kwh 1183.248 1084.644 887.436 493.02 197.208 197.208 98.604 0 0 394.416 788.832 1084.644 North Qc kwhFaçade 2.688 2.688 2.688 2.688 2.688 2.688 2.688 4.032 2.688 2.688 2.688 2.688 Tin (acceptable) 18 611.5872 18 623.0784 18 18 18 172.368 21 23 21.5 19.5 19 315.3696 18 172.368 18 Qstr kwh 391.5329 446.88 191.52 0 0 0 370.272 ΔT 12 877.059 11 888.55028 469.96875 214.60871 195.45671 23.088721 23.08872 0.5 23.08872 0.5 393.36075 580.84148 437.8398 11 Qi+[A*η*SHGC*G] 657.0048 N Air changes/hour 0.5 1087.332 0.5 890.124 0.5 495.708 0.5 199.896 0.5 199.896 0.5 101.292 0.5 0.5 0.5 397.104 0.5 0.5 1087.332 0.5 [Qc+Qv] 1185.936 4.032 2.688 791.52 =V Volume air in zone 0.553997 416 0.806616 416 0.998232 416 0.948076 416 1.073602 416 0.977792 416 0.227942 416 5.72637 416 8.589555 416 0.990574 416 0.73383 416 0.402674 416 Tout (Offset) 18.554 18.80662 19.99823 18.94808 20.0736 22.97779 23.22794 26.72637 27.58955 18.99057 18.73383 SIPS Panels Area m2 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 18.40267 60 SIPS Panels U value kw/m2K 0.00019 0.00019 0.00019 0.00019 0.00019 0.00019 0.00019 0.00019 0.00019 0.00019 0.00019 0.00019 A Surface area of brick cavity m2 15.5 210.273 15.5 1.573779 15.5 25.73928 15.5 -14.71272 15.5 4.439277 15.5 78.20328 15.5 -19.05672 15.5 -20.40072 15.5 3.743277 15.5 210.6786 15.5 649.4922 15.5 Qmec=Qi+Qs+Qc+Qv= 528.9312 Brick Cavity U value kw/m2K 0.00023 0.00023 0.00023 0.00023 0.00023 0.00023 0.00023 0.00023 0.00023 0.00023 0.00023 0.00023 POTENTIAL HEATING LOAD 528.9312 210.273 1.573779 25.73928 0 4.439277 78.20328 0 0 3.743277 210.6786 649.4922 Surface area of brick thermal bridge m2 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 POTENTIAL COOLING LOAD 0 0 0 0 -14.71272 0 0 -19.05672 0 0 0 dynamic shading system -20.40072 Brick U value kw/m2K 0.001297 0.001297 0.001297 0.001297 HunterDouglas 0.001297 0.001297 0.001297 0.001297 0.001297 0.001297 0.001297 0.001297 Glass U value kw/m2K 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 West Façade A Glazing aperture area (m2) 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 η % (acceptable) aperture glazed 181 181 181 181 231 231 231 231 231 181 181 181 Tin G Average Flux Density kw/m2 (8 hrs) 0.001 0.052 0.041 0.055 0.012 ΔT 120 110 80 5 6 3 1 2 40 40 80 110 Manufacturer SHGC 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 N Air changes/hour 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.75 2.5 1.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Qi Volume Internal Gains 241.0183 498 241.0183 498 241.0183 498 24.72745 498 24.72745 498 24.72745 498 24.72745 498 24.72745 498 24.72745 498 24.72745 498 241.0183 498 241.0183 498 V air in kwh zone Qv kwh 988.416 906.048 658.944 411.84 82.368 82.368 82.368 41.184 41.184 411.84 658.944 906.048 SIPS Panels Area m2 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 Qc kwh 3.18612 0.00019 3.18612 0.00019 3.18612 0.00019 3.18612 0.00019 3.18612 0.00019 3.18612 0.00019 3.18612 0.00019 3.18612 0.00019 3.18612 0.00019 3.18612 0.00019 3.18612 3.18612 0.00019 SIPS Panels U value kw/m2K 0.00019 Qstr kwh area of frame m2 0 0 0 0.231 12.012 9.471 12.705 2.772 0 0 0 0 A Surface Qi+[A*η*SHGC*G] 241.0183 241.0183 241.0183 24.95845 36.73945 34.19845 37.43245 27.49945 24.72745 24.72745 241.0183 241.0183 Frame U value kw/m2K [Qc+Qv] 991.6021 Glass U value kw/m2K 0.0002 909.2341 0.0002 662.1301 0.0002 415.0261 0.0002 85.55412 0.0002 85.55412 0.0002 85.55412 0.0002 44.37012 0.0002 44.37012 0.0002 415.0261 0.0002 662.1301 0.0002 909.2341 0.0002 = 0.24306 0.265078 0.364004 0.060137 0.429429 0.399729 0.43753 0.619774 0.5573 0.05958 0.364004 0.265078 A Glazing aperture area (m2) 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 (Offset)glazed 18.243061 18.265081 18.364 1 18.060141 18.429431 21.399731 23.437531 22.119771 20.05731 19.059581 18.364 1 18.265081 ηTout % aperture

tech part 3b 23

Group project number Date

December 13 2012 Author

Drawn by

6 1 : 20

Scale

Qmec=Qi+Qs+Qc+Qv= POTENTIAL HEATING LOAD POTENTIAL COOLING LOAD

750.5838 0.13 0.55 750.5838 191.7545 0 1183.248 3.9312 0 89.463 2185.477 281.2175 2185.477 1187.179 5.203516 0.236879 18.23688

668.2158 0.18 0.55 668.2158 191.7545 0 1084.644 3.9312 0 121.968 1653.341 313.7225 1653.341 1088.575 3.936527 0.288196 18.2882

421.1118 0.26 0.55 421.1118 191.7545 0 788.832 3.9312 0 182.259 841.4352 374.0135 841.4352 792.7632 2.003417 0.471785 18.47178

390.0677 0.69 0.55 390.0677 20.36445 0 493.02 3.9312 -2.969252 479.556 415.8069 499.9205 418.7762 496.9512 0.997086 1.005975 19.00597

48.81467 0.94 0.55 48.81467 20.36445 0 709.9488 3.9312 14.71272 652.806 89.52422 673.1705 74.81149 713.88 0.178123 0.942974 23.94297

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT PRODUCT

Qmec=Qi+Qs±Qc±Qv= G Average Flux Density kw/m2 (8 hrs) Manufacturer POTENTIALSHGC HEATING LOAD Qi Internal Gains kwh POTENTIAL COOLING LOAD Qv kwh Qc kwh Total kwh cooling Qstr kwh Total kwh heating Qi+[A*η*SHGC*G] Total balanced load kwh [Qc+Qv] kwh/m2 = Passive? (<~15kwh/m2/year) Tout (Offset)

51.35567 0.66 0.55 51.35567 20.36445 0 443.718 3.9312 30.78825 458.073 55.79494 478.4375 25.00669 447.6492 0.05954 1.068778 24.06878

905.9617 774.8527 418.7497 0

390.2987 0.26 0.55 390.2987 20.36445 0 394.416 3.9312 0 180.873 591.1517 201.2375 591.1517 398.3472 1.407504 0.505181 18.50518

01 June

421.1118 0.08 0.55 421.1118 191.7545 0 788.832 3.9312 0 57.519 1175.28 249.2735 1175.28 792.7632 2.798286 0.314436 18.31444

668.2158 0.05 0.55 03:52 668.2158 191.7545 0 1084.644 3.9312 0 31.878 2182.651 223.6325 2182.651 9226.99088 1088.575 5.196787 21.9690259 0.205436 NOT PASSIVE 18.20544

0 40.70955

0 -2.969252

0 11.01945

0 -30.78825 -46.62825

0 197.1097 543.4897 864.9427

0 -8.711252

18 5 0.5 416 60 0.00019 15.5 0.00023 0.4 0.001297 0.0002 20 1 0.001 0.55 24.72745 411.84 3.18612 0.231 24.95845 415.0261 0.060137 18.06014

18 1 0.5 416 60 0.00019 15.5 0.00023 0.4 0.001297 0.0002 20 1 0.052 0.55 24.72745 82.368 3.18612 12.012 36.73945 85.55412 0.429429 18.42943

4th Floor 21 23 studios/gym/spa

1 1 17280 0.5 0.5 416 416 60 60 0.00019 0.00019 15.5 15.5 0.00023 0.00023 0.4 0.4 0.001297 0.001297 0.0002 0.0002 20 20 1 1 0.041 0.055 0.55 0.55 24.72745 24.72745 82.368 82.368 3.18612 3.18612 9.471 12.705 34.19845 37.43245 85.55412 85.55412 0.399729 0.43753 21.39973 23.43753

21.5 0.5 0.5 416 60 0.00019 15.5 W0.00023 0.4 0.001297 0.0002 20 1 0.012 0.55 24.72745 41.184 3.18612 2.772 27.49945 44.37012 0.619774 22.11977

19.5 0.5 0.5 416 60 0.00019 15.5 0.00023 0.4 0.001297 0.0002 20 1 0 0.55 24.72745 41.184 3.18612 0 24.72745 44.37012 0.5573 20.0573

19 5 0.5 416 60 0.00019 15.5 0.00023 0.4 0.001297 0.0002 20 1 0 0.55 24.72745 411.84 3.18612 0 24.72745 415.0261 0.05958 19.05958

18 8 0.5 416 60 0.00019 15.5 0.00023 0.4 0.001297 0.0002 20 1 0 0.55 241.0183 658.944 3.18612 0 241.0183 662.1301 0.364004 18.364

18 11 0.5 416 60 0.00019 15.5 0.00023 0.4 0.001297 0.0002 20 1 0 0.55 241.0183 906.048 3.18612 0 241.0183 909.2341 0.265078 18.26508

Total kwh cooling Total kwh heating Total balanced load kwh kwh/m2 Passive? (<~15kwh/m2/year)

0 0 0 -2.969252 2185.477 1653.341 841.4352 415.8069 2185.477 1653.341 841.4352 418.7762 5.203516 3.936527 2.003417 0.997086

Building Element:1200x2000 SIPS Panels. Source: sipsecopanels.co.uk

Layer 3 Layer 4 Layer 5 Layer 6 Layer 7 Layer 8 Layer 9 Internal Surface Total Resistance: Total Thickness U-Value

2 6

750.5838 668.2158 421.1118 390.0677 48.81467 51.35567 48.12167 16.87067 19.64267 390.2987 421.1118 668.2158 0

Description

Thickness (mm)

Rainscreen Timber Cladding Main Construction Airpspace/timber battens Main Construction Bridging-Timber Waterproof Breather Membrane Main Construction Oriented Strand Board Main Construction Polyisocyanurate Insulation Main Construction Oriented Strand Board Main Construction Polythene, 500 gauge Main Construction Service Void/Timber Support Studs Main Construction Bridging-Timber Plasterboard, standard Main Construction

R 0.04 0.18

0.067

100%

50 50

0.278 0.13

0.18 0

89.63% 10.37%

0.003

0.36

100%

0.13

0.085

100%

122

0.03

4.067

100%

0.13

0.085

100%

100 100

0.139 0.065

0.18 0

44.82% 5.19%

0.21

0.057 100% 0.13 10:00 Upper limit=5.269 m2K/W Lower limit =5.259 m2K/W Average=5.264 m2K/W 320 0.19 W/m2K

1 : 20

3D Visualisation of Passive Facade Strategy Manufacturer: SADEV SAFCO Architectural glass system

Manufacturer: IQ Glass

3rd Floor Web Design Office

Fraction

14.71272 30.78825 46.62825 19.05672 29.11197 0 0 0 89.52422 55.79494 126.3249 27.89012 19.64267 591.1517 1175.28 2182.651 74.81149 25.00669 79.69669 8.833393 -9.469307 591.1517 1175.28 2182.651 9226.99088 0.178123 0.05954 0.189754 0.021032 -0.022546 1.407504 2.798286 5.196787 21.9690259 NOT PASSIVE

• SIPS panel construction reduces the cooling load on the non-shaded West facade, whilst minimising heat losses to the North • Comfortable temperature ranges from 18°C to 23°C and SHGC to South regulated according to requirements by double-skin dynamic shading simulation • Annual heating load minimised to 21 kWh/m2, close to passive standards of 15 kWh/m2 • Internal and solar gains not sufficient to provide enough heat during winter months, a top-up heat source may be necessary in these instances

Layer 2

149

18 8 0.5 416 60 0.00019 15.5 0.00023 0.4 0.001297 0.0002 20 1 0 0.55 241.0183 658.944 3.18612 0 241.0183 662.1301 0.364004 18.364

Section 4

310

750 36 mm

18 11 0.5 416 60 0.00019 15.5 0.00023 0.4 0.001297 0.0002 20 1 0 0.55 241.0183 906.048 3.18612 0 241.0183 909.2341 0.265078 18.26508

750.5838 668.2158 421.1118 390.0677 48.81467 51.35567 48.12167 16.87067 19.64267 390.2987 421.1118 668.2158

External Surface Layer 1

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT PRODUCT

Qmec=Qi+Qs±Qc±Qv= POTENTIAL HEATING LOAD POTENTIAL COOLING LOAD

Layer

10:00

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT PRODUCT

18 ΔT 12 N Air changes/hour 0.5 V Volume air in zone 416 SIPS Panels Area m2 60 SIPS Panels U value kw/m2K 0.00019 A Surface area of brick cavity m2 15.5 Brick Cavity U value kw/m2K 0.00023 Surface area of brick thermal bridge m2 0.4 Brick U value kw/m2K 0.001297 Glass U value kw/m2K 0.0002 A Glazing aperture area (m2) 20 η % aperture glazed 1 G Average Flux Density kw/m2 (8 hrs) 0 Manufacturer SHGC 0.55 Qi Internal Gains kwh 241.0183 Qv kwh 988.416 Qc kwh 3.18612 1200 Qstr kwh 0 Qi+[A*η*SHGC*G] 241.0183 [Qc+Qv] 991.6021 = 0.24306 Tout (Offset) 18.24306

Passive and Active Strategies and Facade Design

19.64267 0.56 0.55 19.64267 20.36445 0 394.416 3.9312 29.11197 386.694 19.64267 407.0585 -9.469307 398.3472 -0.022546 1.021868 24.02187

12960

20:04

Tin (acceptable)

Thomas Wakeman

16.87067 0.8141 0.55 16.87067 20.36445 0 N 591.624 3.9312 19.05672 564.1713 27.89012 584.5358 8.833393 595.5552 0.021032 0.981497 23.9815

3rd Floor Web Design Office

905.9617 774.8527 418.7497 -2.969252 40.70955 -30.78825 -46.62825 11.01945 -8.711252 197.1097 543.4897 864.9427

North Façade

AT3 Part 3b

48.12167 0.76 0.55 48.12167 20.36445 0 493.02 3.9312 46.62825 523.215 126.3249 543.5795 79.69669 496.9512 0.189754 1.093829 24.09383

1200

Company Name :: Street Name, Suite Number :: City, State Zip Code :: MONTH DD, YYYY ::

Apr

310

750

Mar

36 mm

Qmec=Qi+Qs+Qc+Qv= POTENTIAL HEATING LOAD POTENTIAL COOLING LOAD

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT PRODUCT

V Volume air in zone Glass U value kw/m2K A Glazing aperture area (m2) η % aperture glazed G Average Flux Density kw/m2 (8 hrs) Manufacturer SHGC Qi Internal Gains kwh Qv kwh Qc kwh Qstr kwh Qi+[A*η*SHGC*G] [Qc+Qv] = Tout (Offset)

Feb

310

Tin (acceptable) ΔT 3D View 7 N Air 3changes/hour

750

Jan

Average Outside Temp South Façade

36 mm

PASSIVE SCENARIO

Floor deck bridging avoided by extending glass to floor below

12960

West/North Facade 12mm Vertical Timber Siding 25x50 Counterbattens

Building Element: 320 Cavity Brick Wall. Source: Ecotect

Layer

Description

Layer 1

Brick Normal Fireclay Main Construction Air Gap Cavity Main Construction Polyisocyanurate Insulation Main Construction Brick Normal Fireclay Main Construction

Layer 2 Layer 3 Layer 9 Total Resistance: Total Thickness U-Value

Polythene Vapour Barrier

Thickness (mm)

Density

Sp.Heat

Conduct.

100mm Services Void

25x50 Battens Breather Membrane

110

1980

732.2

1.297

1.3

1004

5.560

920

0.020

110

1980

732.2

1.297 5.780 m2K/W 320 0.230 W/m2K

100mm Timber Support Stud 122mm Polyisocyanurate

11mm OSB

(right) 1:20 Section through sips panel connection to double skin glazing

318 mm

12mm Plasterboard

(above) 1:20 Section through double skin facade and floor slab

ACTIVE SCENARIO Average Outside Temp South Façade ΔT

Tin

N Air changes/hour

V Volume air in zone

Glass U value kw/m2K A Glazing aperture area (m2) η % aperture glazed G Average Flux Density kw/m2 (8 hrs) Manufacturer SHGC Qi Internal Gains kwh Qv kwh Qc kwh Qstr Qi+[A*η*SHGC*G] [(A*U)+(0.33*N*V)]*8hrs) = Tout (Offset)

Qmec=Qi+Qs+Qc+Qv= HEATING LOAD COOLING LOAD

Jan

16 22 0.5 498 0.00178 80 1 0.31 0.55 265.4718 1577.664 23.9232 283.3462 548.818 1601.587 0.342671 22.34267

Feb

15 22 0.5 498 0.00178 80 1 0.48 0.55 265.4718 1479.06 23.9232 442.596 708.0678 1502.983 0.471108 22.47111

Mar

12 22 0.5 498 0.00178 80 1 0.49 0.55 265.4718 1183.248 23.9232 450.912 716.3838 1207.171 0.59344 22.59344

Apr

May

9 22 0.5 498 0.00178 80 1 0.89 0.55 23.08872 887.436 23.9232 821.436 844.5247 911.3592 0.926665 22.92667

5 22 0.5 498 0.00178 80 1 0.81 0.55 23.08872 493.02 23.9232 743.82 766.9087 516.9432 1.483545 23.48355

Jun

2 22 0.5 498 0.00178 80 1 0.54 0.55 23.08872 197.208 23.9232 496.188 519.2767 221.1312 2.348274 24.34827

Jul

0 22 0.5 498 0.00178 80 1 0.70 0.55 23.08872 0 23.9232 649.572 672.6607 23.9232 28.11751 50.11751

1052.769 794.9154 490.7874 66.83448 -249.9655 -298.1455 -648.7375 1052.769 794.9154 490.7874 66.83448 0

22 16 0.5 498 0.00178 120 1 0.13 0.55 191.7545 1577.664 35.8848 178.926 370.6805 1613.549 0.22973 22.22973

22 15 0.5 498 0.00178 120 1 0.18 0.55 191.7545 1479.06 35.8848 243.936 435.6905 1514.945 0.287595 22.28759

22 12 0.5 498 0.00178 120 1 0.26 0.55 191.7545 1183.248 35.8848 364.518 556.2725 1219.133 0.456285 22.45629

0 -249.9655 -298.1455 -648.7375

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT PR

Active Design Strategy and HVAC System

Aug

1 22 0.5 498 0.00178 120 1 0.90 0.55 23.08872 98.604 35.8848 1247.4 1270.489 134.4888 9.446799 31.4468 -1136

Sep

3 22 0.5 498 0.00178 80 1 0.86 0.55 23.08872 295.812 23.9232 795.564 818.6527 319.7352 2.560408 24.56041

Oct

8 22 0.5 498 0.00178 80 1 0.60 0.55 23.08872 788.832 23.9232 556.248 579.3367 812.7552 0.712806 22.71281

Nov

12 22 0.5 498 0.00178 80 1 0.25 0.55 265.4718 1183.248 23.9232 228.228 493.6998 1207.171 0.408972 22.40897

Dec

Actively Conditioned Volume: Glass Curtain Walling

Per Annum

15 22 0.5 498 0.00178 80 1 0.14 0.55 265.4718 1479.06 23.9232 124.74 390.2118 1502.983 0.259625 22.25962

Zerox

• Double-glazed frameless panel curtain walling units wrapping each facade (no opaque modules) • Same double-Skin Facade to South elevation, without dynamic louvre system (interior blinds fitted to prevent glare) Accounting • Set internal temperature of 22°C year round and fixed mechanical ventilation rate (operable windows not required) Partner 1 • Overall heating/cooling loads to the order of 56 kWh/m2 per year, lower than the benchmark for standard offices 2 of 113 kWh/m • Heating and cooling loads co-exist in different zones according to facade, meaning that two heat pumps would be required to provide different temperatures to the North and South zone air handlers simultaneously during peak times. This is very inefficient and should be avoided, as in the case of the passive scenario where cooling loads can Project manager & Sec be eliminated by introducing a large percentage of opaque elements to West facade

-498.9175 233.4185 713.4714 1112.771 0

0 233.4185 713.4714 1112.771 Marketing

-1136 -498.9175

West Façade

Tin

ΔT N Air changes/hour

V Volume air in zone

Qmec=Qi+Qs+Qc+Qv= HEATING LOAD COOLING LOAD

Technical Library Area & Hotdesking

22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 9 5 2 0 1 3 8 12 15 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 498 498 498 498 498 498 498 498 498 0.00178 0.00178 0.00178 0.00178 0.00178 0.00178 0.00178 0.00178 0.00178 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 PRODUCED BY120 AN AUTODESK STUDENT PRODUCT 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.69 0.94 0.66 0.76 0.8141 0.56 0.26 0.08 0.05 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 20.36445 20.36445 20.36445 20.36445 20.36445 20.36445 20.36445 191.7545 191.7545 887.436 493.02 197.208 0 98.604 295.812 788.832 1183.248 1479.06 35.8848 35.8848 35.8848 35.8848 35.8848 35.8848 35.8848 35.8848 35.8848 PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT 959.112 1305.612 916.146 1046.43 1128.343 773.388 361.746 115.038 63.756 979.4765 1325.976 936.5105 1066.794 1148.707 793.7525 382.1105 306.7925 255.5105 923.3208 528.9048 233.0928 35.8848 134.4888 331.6968 824.7168 1219.133 1514.945 1.060819 2.507023 4.017758 29.72831 8.541284 2.393006 0.463323 0.251648 0.16866 23.06082 24.50702 26.01776 51.72831 30.54128 24.39301 22.46332 22.25165 22.16866

PRODUCT

1242.868 1079.254 662.8603 -56.15565 -797.0717 -703.4177 -1030.91 -1014.218 -462.0557 442.6063 912.3403 1259.434 1242.868 1079.254 662.8603 0

22 16 0.5 V Volume air in zone 416 A Surface area of brick cavity m2 15.5 Brick Cavity U value kw/m2K 0.00023 Surface area of brick thermal bridge m2 0.4 Brick U value kw/m2K 0.001297 Glass U value kw/m2K 0.00178 A Glazing aperture area (m2) 80 η % aperture glazed 1 G Average Flux Density kw/m2 (8 hrs) 0 Manufacturer SHGC 0.55 Qi Internal Gains kwh 241.0183 Qv kwh 1317.888 01 June Qc 24.60928 03:52 Qstr 0 Qi+[A*η*SHGC*G] 241.0183 [(A*U)+(0.33*N*V)]*8hrs) 1342.497 = 0.17953 Tout (Offset) 22.17953

22 15 0.5 416 15.5 0.00023 0.4 0.001297 0.00178 80 1 0 0.55 241.0183 1235.52 24.60928 0 241.0183 1260.129 0.191265 22.19126

0 -56.15565 -797.0717 -703.4177

0 442.6063 912.3403 1259.434

-1030.91 -1014.218 -462.0557

22 8 0.5 416 15.5 0.00023 0.4 0.001297 0.00178 80 1 0 0.55 24.72745 658.944 24.60928 0 24.72745 683.5533 0.036175 22.03617

22 12 0.5 416 15.5 0.00023 0.4 0.001297 0.00178 80 1 0 0.55 241.0183 988.416 24.60928 0 241.0183 1013.025 0.237919 22.23792

22 15 0.5 416 15.5 0.00023 0.4 0.001297 0.00178 80 1 0 0.55 241.0183 1235.52 24.60928 0 241.0183 1260.129 0.191265 22.19126

North Façade 22 3 0.5 416 15.5 0.00023 0.4 0.001297 0.00178 80 1 0 0.55 24.72745 247.104 24.60928 0 24.72745 271.7133 0.091006 22.09101

(above) 1:50 Plan showing repeating curtain wall module (1200x2000 panel modules)

Level 3 Web Design Office Floor Plan

Qmec=Qi+Qs±Qc±Qv= HEATING LOAD COOLING LOAD

1101.479 1019.111 772.0069 740.2698 363.6738 126.7338 -50.93817 71.16183 246.9858 658.8258 772.0069 1019.111 0

Total kwh cooling Total kwh heating Total balanced load kwh Total unbalanced load kwh kwh/m2 BENCHMARK kwh/m2/year

0 3397.116 3397.116 3397.116 8.088372

0 2893.281 2893.281 2893.281 6.888763

0 1925.655 1925.655 1925.655 01 4.584892

-56.15565 807.1043 750.9487 863.26 June 2.055381

-1047.037 363.6738 -683.3633 1410.711 3.358836

1101.479 1019.111 772.0069 740.2698 363.6738 126.7338

10:00

03:52

Manufacturer: IQ Glass

No.

3D Model of Active facade design

01 June 03:52

Description Date 3D Visualisation from interior facing South (Revit model)

No.

interior 2

20:04

Tin

N Air changes/hour

V Volume air in zone

Qmec=Qi+Qs+Qc+Qv= HEATING LOAD COOLING LOAD

Jan

-10

32 22 0.5 498 0.00178 80 1 0.31 0.55 265.4718 3155.328 23.9232 283.3462 548.818 3179.251 0.172625 22.17262

Feb

-9

31 22 0.5 498 0.00178 80 1 0.48 0.55 265.4718 3056.724 23.9232 442.596 708.0678 3080.647 0.229844 22.22984

Mar

-8

30 22 0.5 498 0.00178 80 1 0.49 0.55 265.4718 2958.12 23.9232 450.912 716.3838 2982.043 0.240233 22.24023

Apr

-4 22 0.5 498 0.00178 80 1 0.89 0.55 23.08872 -394.416 23.9232 821.436 844.5247 -370.4928 -2.279463 19.72054

May

-8 22 0.5 498 0.00178 80 1 0.81 0.55 23.08872 -788.832 23.9232 743.82 766.9087 -764.9088 -1.002615 20.99739

Jun

3 -11

Jul

Aug

3D View 5

-12 22 22 0.5 0.5 498 498 0.00178 0.00178 80 80 1 1 3D View 5 0.54 0.70 3 0.55 0.55 23.08872 23.08872 -1084.644 -1183.248 23.9232 23.9232 496.188 649.572 519.2767 672.6607 -1060.721 -1159.325 -0.489551 -0.580218 21.51045 21.41978

-11 S 22 0.5 498 0.00178 120 1 0.90 0.55 23.08872 -1084.644 35.8848 1247.4 1270.489 -1048.759 -1.211421 20.78858

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT PRODUCT

Record Outside Temp South Façade ΔT

Sep

-8 22 0.5 498 0.00178 80 1 0.86 0.55 23.08872 -788.832 23.9232 795.564 818.6527 -764.9088 -1.070262 20.92974

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT PRODUCT

HVAC SIZING

2630.433 2372.579 2265.659 -1215.018 -1531.818 -1579.998 -1831.986 -2319.248 -1583.562 2630.433 2372.579 2265.659 0

22 32 0.5 498 0.00178 120 1 0.13 0.55 191.7545 3155.328 35.8848 178.926 370.6805 3191.213 0.116157 22.11616

22 31 0.5 498 0.00178 120 1 0.18 0.55 191.7545 3056.724 35.8848 243.936 435.6905 3092.609 0.140881 22.14088

Date

0 -50.93817 0 02 0 0 0 10:00 -1001.563 -1730.585 -2150.218 -960.9732 0 0 0 126.7338 0 71.16183 246.9858 1334.851 2397.819 3391.317 -874.8293 -1730.585 -2079.056 -713.9873 1334.851 2397.819 3391.317 10009.1643 1128.297 1730.585 2221.38 1207.959 1334.851 2397.819 3391.317 23902.2297 2.686421 4.120441 5.289 2.876093 3.178216 5.709092 8.074563 56.9100707 113.25

Solar path in June, used for Revit dynamic shading simulation

Description

0 71.16183 246.9858 658.8258 772.0069 1019.111 interior 2

0 -1215.018 -1531.818 -1579.998 -1831.986 -2319.248 -1583.562

Oct

-4

26 22 0.5 498 0.00178 80 1 0.60 0.55 23.08872 2563.704 23.9232 556.248 579.3367 2587.627 0.223887 22.22389 2008.29

Nov

-5

27 22 0.5 498 0.00178 80 1 0.25 0.55 265.4718 2662.308 23.9232 228.228 493.6998 2686.231 0.183789 22.18379

Dec

-7

Per Annum

29 22 0.5 498 0.00178 80 1 0.14 0.55 265.4718 2859.516 23.9232 124.74 390.2118 2883.439 0.135329 22.13533

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT PRODUCT

22 22 22 22 22 9 5 2 0 1 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 416 416 416 416 416 15.5 15.5 15.5 15.5 15.5 0.00023 0.00023 0.00023 0.00023 0.00023 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.001297 0.001297 0.001297 0.001297 0.001297 0.00178 0.00178 0.00178 0.00178 0.00178 80 80 STUDENT80PRODUCT 80 PRODUCED BY 80 AN AUTODESK 1 1 1 1 1 0.001 0.052 0.041 0.055 0.012 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 24.72745 24.72745 24.72745 24.72745 24.72745 741.312 411.84 164.736 0 82.368 24.60928 24.60928 24.60928 24.60928 24.60928 0.924 48.048 37.884 50.82 11.088 25.65145 72.77545 62.61145 75.54745 35.81545 E 765.9213 436.4493 189.3453 24.60928 106.9773 0.033491 0.166744 0.330673 3.069877 0.334795 22.03349 22.16674 22.33067 25.06988 22.33479

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT PRODUCT

22 12 0.5 416 15.5 0.00023 0.4 0.001297 0.00178 80 1 10:00 0 0.55 241.0183 988.416 24.60928 0 241.0183 1013.025 0.237919 22.23792

Practice Management & Economics

No.

Date

December 13 2012 Author

Drawn by

December 13 2012

Ground Source (or water source) Heat Pump loop Schematic Map

Practice Management & Economics

Scale

Author

Drawn by

6 Scale

tech part 3b

2192.531 2493.227 Group project number

2008.29 2192.531 2493.227 0

V Volume air in zone

Qmec=Qi+Qs+Qc+Qv= HEATING LOAD COOLING LOAD

22 -4 0.5 498 0.00178 120 1 0.69 0.55 20.36445 -394.416 35.8848 959.112 979.4765 -358.5312 -2.731914 19.26809

22 -8 0.5 498 0.00178 120 1 0.94 0.55 20.36445 -788.832 35.8848 1305.612 1325.976 -752.9472 -1.761048 20.23895

22 -11 0.5 498 0.00178 120 1 0.66 0.55 20.36445 -1084.644 35.8848 916.146 936.5105 -1048.759 -0.89297 21.10703

22 -12 0.5 498 0.00178 120 1 0.76 0.55 20.36445 -1183.248 35.8848 1046.43 1066.794 -1147.363 -0.929779 21.07022

22 -11 0.5 498 0.00178 120 1 0.8141 0.55 20.36445 -1084.644 35.8848 1128.343 1148.707 -1048.759 -1.095301 20.9047

22 -8 0.5 498 0.00178 120 1 0.56 0.55 20.36445 -788.832 35.8848 773.388 793.7525 -752.9472 -1.054194 20.94581

22 26 0.5 498 0.00178 120 1 0.26 0.55 20.36445 2563.704 35.8848 361.746 382.1105 2599.589 0.146989 22.14699

22 27 0.5 498 0.00178 120 1 0.08 0.55 191.7545 2662.308 35.8848 115.038 306.7925 2698.193 0.113703 22.1137

22 29 0.5 498 0.00178 120 1 0.05 0.55 191.7545 2859.516 35.8848 63.756 255.5105 2895.401 0.088247 22.08825

-1546.7

2217.478

2391.4

2639.89

2820.532 2656.918 2437.732 -1338.008 -2078.924 -1985.27 -2214.158 -2197.466 2820.532 2656.918 2437.732 0

0 -1338.008 -2078.924

Drawn by

3D View 5

-1985.27 -2214.158 -2197.466

0 2217.478 -1546.7

2391.4

2639.89

Scale Zone 3: North Envelope surface area 80m2 Volume 416m3

North Façade

Passive and Active Strategies and Facade Design

Thomas Wakeman

AT3 Part 3b

22 ΔT 32 N Air changes/hour 0.5 V Volume air in zone 416 A Surface area of brick cavity m2 15.5 Brick Cavity U value kw/m2K 0.00023 Surface area of brick thermal bridge m2 0.4 Brick U value kw/m2K 0.001297 Glass U value kw/m2K 0.00178 A Glazing aperture area (m2) 80 η % aperture glazed 1 G Average Flux Density kw/m2 (8 hrs) 0 Manufacturer SHGC 0.55 Qi Internal Gains kwh 241.0183 Qv kwh 2635.776 Qc 24.60928 Qstr 0 Qi+[A*η*SHGC*G] 241.0183 [(A*U)+(0.33*N*V)]*8hrs) 2660.385 = 0.090595 Tout (Offset) 22.0906

22 31 0.5 416 15.5 0.00023 0.4 0.001297 0.00178 80 1 0 0.55 241.0183 2553.408 24.60928 0 241.0183 2578.017 0.09349 22.09349

22 30 0.5 416 15.5 0.00023 0.4 0.001297 0.00178 80 1 0 0.55 241.0183 2471.04 24.60928 0 241.0183 2495.649 0.096575 22.09658

22 -4 0.5 416 15.5 0.00023 0.4 0.001297 0.00178 80 1 0.001 0.55 24.72745 -329.472 24.60928 0.924 25.65145 -304.8627 -0.084141 21.91586

22 -8 0.5 416 15.5 0.00023 0.4 0.001297 0.00178 80 1 0.052 0.55 24.72745 -658.944 24.60928 48.048 72.77545 -634.3347 -0.114727 21.88527

22 -11 0.5 416 15.5 0.00023 0.4 0.001297 0.00178 80 1 0.041 0.55 24.72745 -906.048 24.60928 37.884 62.61145 -881.4387 -0.071033 21.92897

22 -12 0.5 416 15.5 0.00023 0.4 0.001297 0.00178 80 1 0.055 0.55 24.72745 -988.416 24.60928 50.82 75.54745 -963.8067 -0.078384 21.92162

22 -11 0.5 416 15.5 0.00023 0.4 0.001297 0.00178 80 1 0.012 0.55 24.72745 -906.048 24.60928 11.088 35.81545 -881.4387 -0.040633 21.95937

22 -8 0.5 416 15.5 0.00023 0.4 0.001297 0.00178 80 1 0 0.55 24.72745 -658.944 24.60928 0 24.72745 -634.3347 -0.038982 21.96102

Qmec=Qi+Qs±Qc±Qv= HEATING LOAD COOLING LOAD

2419.367 2336.999 2254.631 -330.5142 -707.1102 -944.0502 -1039.354 -917.2542 -659.0622 0

Total kwh cooling Total kwh heating Total balanced load kwh Total unbalanced load kwh kwh/m2 BENCHMARK kwh/m2/year

0 7870.332 7870.332 7870.332 18.73889

0 7366.497 7366.497 7366.497 17.53928

2419.367 2336.999 2254.631

0 -330.5142 -707.1102 -944.0502 -1039.354 -917.2542 -659.0622 0 -2883.539 -4317.851 -4509.317 -5085.497 6958.023 0 0 0 0 6958.023 -2883.539 -4317.851 -4509.317 -5085.497 6958.023 2883.539 4317.851 4509.317 5085.497 16.56672 6.86557 10.2806 10.73647 12.10833

-5433.968 0 -5433.968 5433.968 12.93802

-3789.323 0 -3789.323 3789.323 9.022198

22 26 0.5 416 15.5 0.00023 0.4 0.001297 0.00178 80 1 0 0.55 24.72745 2141.568 24.60928 0 24.72745 2166.177 0.011415 22.01142

22 27 0.5 416 15.5 0.00023 0.4 0.001297 0.00178 80 1 0 0.55 241.0183 2223.936 24.60928 0 241.0183 2248.545 0.107189 22.10719

22 29 0.5 416 15.5 0.00023 0.4 0.001297 0.00178 80 1 0 0.55 241.0183 2388.672 24.60928 0 241.0183 2413.281 0.099872 22.09987

2141.45

2007.527 2172.263

2141.45 2007.527 2172.263 0

0 6367.219 6367.219 6367.219 15.16004

0 6591.459 6591.459 6591.459 15.69395

0 0 7305.381 7305.381 16439.4123 7305.381 68478.4065 17.39376 163.043825 113.25

• Heating and Cooling System Design: Open Loop Water-Source Heat Pump with floor-specific air handler, ducted supply and extract and MVHR • Potential annual heating load of 163 kWh/m2 based on highest and lowest summer/winter temperatures (CIBSE Benchmark 113 kWh/m2) • Innovative geothermal heat pumps extract the naturally consistent energy from the ground or water body instead of using outside air like traditional heat pumps. Geothermal heat pumps provide both cooling and heating and are able to maintain the highest efficiency on even the coldest winter nights or the hottest summer days. Combined with a large volume thermal store it is possible to further optimise running costs by operating the heat pump using offpeak (economy 7) power during the night and using the stored heat body to divert to the heat exchanger to a certain extent during the day.

Zone 5: WC’s Volume 193m3 Zone 6: Kitchen Volume 41m3

Zone 2: West Envelope surface area 120m2 Volume 570m3 Zone 4: Internal Rooms Volume 240m3

Tin

Author

Heat Recovery Unit integrated into MVHR takes stale air from return duct and supplies fresh air to supply duct at rate of 6 0.5 ac/h

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT PRODUCT

ΔT N Air changes/hour

22 30 0.5 498 0.00178 120 1 0.26 0.55 191.7545 2958.12 35.8848 364.518 556.2725 2994.005 0.185795 22.1858

December 13 2012

Date

West Façade

Tin

Date

Group project number

Description

Pilkington Planar glass Curtain Walling

tech part 3b

tech part 3b Date

PRODUCT

Tin

ΔT N Air changes/hour

Summer Situation: Stale air exits into south double skin facade, aided by the stack effect, reducing pull on fans and reducing operating costs, whilst drawing in cooler, fresh air from the north

Zone 1: South Envelope surface area 80m2 Volume 498m3

Zone 7: Lobby and Stairwell Volume 1255m3 (conditioned independently)

Winter Situation: Supply and exhaust reversed. Pre-warmed fresh air pumped from upper level of south double skin facade, reducing heating demand of the system, whilst expelling cool, stale air to the lower north level.

• Refrigerant diverted to each floor with independent air handlers, arranged into North, South and West zones respectively. Each zone independently controlled thermostatically within the office space, with supply and extract ducts both designed at high level. • Conditioned air blown over the perimeter glazing, given a highly efficient glazing specification, eliminating stratification, as the air has a tendancy of negating the cold or warm surface of the glass, descending down, into the centre of the space and extracted from the return grills in the centre. • Combined with the air handler distribution ductwork, an MVHR system will provide fresh filtered air which can be either preheated or precooled by reversing the inlet and outlet ducts from the north or south facade, and can be incorporated into a double skin facade system. • Stale are removed additionally from spaces such as bathrooms and kitchens, creating negative pressure and preventing unwanted odours escaping back into return ductwork to air handler.